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Prophylactic Treatment of ASD Based on Sleep-Wake Circadian Rhythm Formation in Infancy to Early Childhood

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Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Abstract

The pathogenesis underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the causes of rapid increase of ASD patients remain unclear. However, recent reports suggest that chronodisruption, including circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders of ASD patients, may not only be an associated symptom but may also be deeply related to the pathogenesis of ASD. In fact, the chronodisruption theory is appropriate and convenient to understand and/or explain various clinical symptoms of ASD. Furthermore, it is clinically well known that proper treatment of sleep disorders stabilizes mental and physical development of children with ASD and significantly improves the quality of their life and that of their family members.

It has been reported that the circadian rhythm begins to be formed in the fetal period, gradually matures in the neonatal period, and is completed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) by about one and a half years old. Early diagnosis and response to ASD patients are desirable to correct their circadian rhythm early in infancy before an inappropriate circadian rhythm is established in the SCN. This chapter provides sleep hygiene guidance and pharmacotherapy for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders of infants and toddlers based on our assumption that the guidance and therapy may prevent future development of ASD.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

OR:

Odds ratio

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

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Acknowledgments

Part of this study has been supported by the Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Constructive Developmental Science” (No. 24119004) from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Professor Emeritus Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Teruhisa Miike

  2. Japanese Society Min-Iku (Sleep Education) Research and Promotion, Tokyo, Japan

    Teruhisa Miike

  3. Hyogo Rehabilitation Central Hospital, Children’s Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan

    Makiko Toyoura

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Children’s Sleep and Development Medical Research Center, Kobe, Japan

    Makiko Toyoura & Seiki Tajima

  5. Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Kentaro Oniki

  6. Kagoshima Comprehensive Clinic for Disabled Children, Kagoshima, Japan

    Shiro Tonooka

Authors
  1. Teruhisa Miike
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  2. Makiko Toyoura
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  3. Kentaro Oniki
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  4. Shiro Tonooka
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  5. Seiki Tajima
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Developmental Neuroscience and Department of Biology College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Abdeslem El Idrissi

  2. College of Staten Island, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Dan McCloskey

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Miike, T., Toyoura, M., Oniki, K., Tonooka, S., Tajima, S. (2023). Prophylactic Treatment of ASD Based on Sleep-Wake Circadian Rhythm Formation in Infancy to Early Childhood. In: El Idrissi, A., McCloskey, D. (eds) Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42383-3_10

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