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"Suppose that the local path of the book's code is `xx/yy/d2l-en/`. Use the shell to change the directory to this path (`cd xx/yy/d2l-en`) and run the command `jupyter notebook`. If your browser does not do this automatically, open http://localhost:8888 and you will see the interface of Jupyter and all the folders containing the code of the book, as shown in :numref:`fig_jupyter00`.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter00`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"You can access the notebook files by clicking on the folder displayed on the webpage.\n",
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"They usually have the suffix \".ipynb\".\n",
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"For the sake of brevity, we create a temporary \"test.ipynb\" file.\n",
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"The content displayed after you click it is\n",
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"shown in :numref:`fig_jupyter01`.\n",
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"This notebook includes a markdown cell and a code cell. The content in the markdown cell includes \"This Is a Title\" and \"This is text.\".\n",
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"The code cell contains two lines of Python code.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter01`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Double click on the markdown cell to enter edit mode.\n",
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"Add a new text string \"Hello world.\" at the end of the cell, as shown in :numref:`fig_jupyter02`.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter02`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"As demonstrated in :numref:`fig_jupyter03`,\n",
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"click \"Cell\" $\\rightarrow$ \"Run Cells\" in the menu bar to run the edited cell.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter03`\n",
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"\n",
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"After running, the markdown cell is shown in :numref:`fig_jupyter04`.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter04`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Next, click on the code cell. Multiply the elements by 2 after the last line of code, as shown in :numref:`fig_jupyter05`.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter05`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"You can also run the cell with a shortcut (\"Ctrl + Enter\" by default) and obtain the output result from :numref:`fig_jupyter06`.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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":width:`600px`\n",
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":label:`fig_jupyter06`\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"When a notebook contains more cells, we can click \"Kernel\" $\\rightarrow$ \"Restart & Run All\" in the menu bar to run all the cells in the entire notebook. By clicking \"Help\" $\\rightarrow$ \"Edit Keyboard Shortcuts\" in the menu bar, you can edit the shortcuts according to your preferences.\n",
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"\n",
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"## Advanced Options\n",
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"\n",
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"Beyond local editing two things are quite important: editing the notebooks in the markdown format and running Jupyter remotely.\n",
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"The latter matters when we want to run the code on a faster server.\n",
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"The former matters since Jupyter's native ipynb format stores a lot of auxiliary data that is\n",
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"irrelevant to the content,\n",
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"mostly related to how and where the code is run.\n",
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"This is confusing for Git, making\n",
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"reviewing contributions very difficult.\n",
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"Fortunately there is an alternative---native editing in the markdown format.\n",
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"\n",
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"### Markdown Files in Jupyter\n",
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"\n",
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"If you wish to contribute to the content of this book, you need to modify the\n",
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"source file (md file, not ipynb file) on GitHub.\n",
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"Using the notedown plugin we\n",
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"can modify notebooks in the md format directly in Jupyter.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"First, install the notedown plugin, run the Jupyter Notebook, and load the plugin:\n",
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"\n",
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"```\n",
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"pip install d2l-notedown # You may need to uninstall the original notedown.\n",
"You may also turn on the notedown plugin by default whenever you run the Jupyter Notebook.\n",
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"First, generate a Jupyter Notebook configuration file (if it has already been generated, you can skip this step).\n",
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"\n",
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"```\n",
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"jupyter notebook --generate-config\n",
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"```\n",
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"\n",
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"Then, add the following line to the end of the Jupyter Notebook configuration file (for Linux or macOS, usually in the path `~/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py`):\n",
"After that, you only need to run the `jupyter notebook` command to turn on the notedown plugin by default.\n",
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"\n",
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"### Running Jupyter Notebooks on a Remote Server\n",
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"\n",
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"Sometimes, you may want to run Jupyter notebooks on a remote server and access it through a browser on your local computer. If Linux or macOS is installed on your local machine (Windows can also support this function through third-party software such as PuTTY), you can use port forwarding:\n",
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"\n",
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"```\n",
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"ssh myserver -L 8888:localhost:8888\n",
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"```\n",
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"\n",
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"The above string `myserver` is the address of the remote server.\n",
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"Then we can use http://localhost:8888 to access the remote server `myserver` that runs Jupyter notebooks. We will detail on how to run Jupyter notebooks on AWS instances\n",
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"later in this appendix.\n",
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"\n",
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"### Timing\n",
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"\n",
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"We can use the `ExecuteTime` plugin to time the execution of each code cell in Jupyter notebooks.\n",
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"Use the following commands to install the plugin:\n",
"* Using the Jupyter Notebook tool, we can edit, run, and contribute to each section of the book.\n",
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"* We can run Jupyter notebooks on remote servers using port forwarding.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"## Exercises\n",
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"\n",
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"1. Edit and run the code in this book with the Jupyter Notebook on your local machine.\n",
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"1. Edit and run the code in this book with the Jupyter Notebook *remotely* via port forwarding.\n",
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"1. Compare the running time of the operations $\\mathbf{A}^\\top \\mathbf{B}$ and $\\mathbf{A} \\mathbf{B}$ for two square matrices in $\\mathbb{R}^{1024 \\times 1024}$. Which one is faster?\n",
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