diff --git a/Student_list.csv b/Student_list.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 0c9bf2b..0000000 --- a/Student_list.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -Angula Dives x -Braam Jon X -Bull Wilson X -Carnevale Jason X -Cetina Jason X -Chou Eric X -Cogswell Paul ? -Comstock Joh X -Diep Pho X -Gamponia Albert X -Gannon Kristin X -Happel Austin X -Hartley Tyler X -Hatch David X -Heathcote Conor X -Hunt David X -JauJou Jason X -Kenny Matthew X -Korchagin Maria X -Langdon Jesse X -Larkin Phillip X -Maley Larry X -Minor Steve X -Nelson Andrew X -Nkposong Edet X -Olsen Matthew X -Overly Christopher X -Ramos Daniel X -Ross John X -Shaw Carole X -Su Allen X -Van Eenoo Peter X - diff --git a/Syllabus.md b/Syllabus.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ce914c --- /dev/null +++ b/Syllabus.md @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +# UW Certificate Program in Programming in Python + +Python 100 +Spring, 2013 +March-26 through May 28th, Tuesday, 6 PM + +## Brief Course Description + +### Course Objectives + +At the end of the class, students will have completed a project of their own choosing, and been exposed to different advanced topics of the python programming language. Most programming class coursework involves small, self contained, assignments. While this is useful for learning specific concepts, it is hard to develop and understanding of the issues associated with larger software projects. This class gives students a chance to develop a significant project with the guidance of the instructors. + +### Course Website +Lecture notes, sample code, etc will be available in the course github project: + +https://github.com/PythonCHB/PythonCertSpring + + +## Instructors +Jeff Silverman `jeffsilverm@gmail.com` + +Christopher Barker `pythonchb@gmail.com` + + +## Technology Requirements +Students will need a laptop computer with python 2.6.x or 2.7.x and MySQL or PostGres already installed. + + +##Assessment Criteria & Course Expectations + +Students are required to attend 8 out 10 classes, and complete a significant software project in the Python language, either individually or as part of a small group. + +Courses in this program are arranged sequentially. To advance to the next course in this program, students are required to earn a grade of Successful Completion (SC) in this course. Students must successfully complete all courses in the program to receive a certificate of completion. + + +## The class project: + +Each student will develop a substantial project throughout the class. It can be an individual project, or a group project with a small group from the class (3-4 students). We suggest that you consider a group project -- it will give you a chance to practice developing with others, as well as give you a built-on way to get code review, folks to bounce ideas off of, etc. + +### Requirements: + +The project can be anything done primarily in Python: command line utility, desktop GUI, web application, web service, numerical model, smart phone app, you name it. + +The projects should be large enough to take everyone in the group about 8-10 hours a week in addition to class time, but small enough that you can get it to a useful state in 8-9 weeks of the class. + +Each project group will be expected to present their work in one of the last two classes. The presentations should be focused on the software design, rather than the problem solved (though, of course, we'll want to know what problem you solved...) + +We will expect you to use a Revision Control System (likely github), and employ unit testing. + +You should set it up with good package structure -- ready to share and/or deploy. + +Write some docs: Sphinx! + +Confirm to PEP8 (unless you have a company style instead) + +Use PyChecker and/or PyLint and/or PyFlakes + +*Please have your project selected and be prepared to start right in on it on day one!* + +## Typical class: + +Each class will typically begin with a lecture and in-class exercises about the lecture topic, totally 1 -- 1-1/2 hours. + +The remaining class time will be spent working on your projects in consultation with the instructors. + +In addition, as we work with you on your projects, we will highlight for the class interesting problems and their solutions that come up in class. + + +# Schedule + + +### Week 1 +March 26th + +Unit Testing: unitest, nose, pytest + +-- Chris + +### Week 2 +April 2nd + +The python debugger pdb + +-- Jeff + +### Week 3 +April 9th + +Special topics: lambda, decorators, properties... + +-- Chris + +### Week 4 + +April 16th + +Relational databases, SQL + +-- Jeff + +### Week 5 +April 23rd + +Non relational databases + +-- Jeff + +### Week 6 +April 30th + +Advanced OO: `__new()__`, `super()`, mixins, etc. + +Intro to Numerical Computation: numpy + +-- Chris + +### Week 7 +May 7th +Threading / Multiprocessing + +-- Jeff + +### Week 8 +May 14th + +Performance / Profiling + +-- Chris + +### Week 9 +May 21st + +Desktop GUIs: wxPython + +-- Jeff and Chris + +### Week 10 +May 28th + +Student Presentations + +-- Jeff and Chris + +## Possible Additional Topics: + +### Leveraging C libraries / writing extensions: + C API + ctypes + cython + +### Iterators and generators + +### Decorators +(writing your own, not just using them...) + +### Lambda functions + +### Context managers, the with statement + +### Persistence / Serialization: +pickle, shelve, JSON, CSV, XML, BSDdb + +### Desktop GUIs: +tkInter +wxPython +pyGTK +pyQT / pySide + + + +## Student Resources +The following link includes student handbooks, services, and policies, and other important information: http://www.pce.uw.edu/resource.aspx . + +## Disability Accommodation +The University of Washington is committed to providing access and reasonable accommodation in its services, programs, activities, education and employment for individuals with disabilities. For information or to request disability accommodation contact the Disability Services Office at 206.543.6450/V, 206.543.6452/TTY, 206.685.7264 (FAX), or e-mail at dso@u.washington.edu. diff --git a/benchmark_lists_dicts.py b/benchmark_lists_dicts.py deleted file mode 100644 index e213af6..0000000 --- a/benchmark_lists_dicts.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# A program to compare the speed of a list and an integer by searching for a -# random number - -import random -import time - -def populate ( size, num_range ) : - "This subroutine populates a_list and a_dict with random numbers" - - a_dict={} - a_list=[] - for i in range(size) : - v = random.randint(0, num_range) # Return a random integer N such that a <= N <= b. - a_dict[v] = 1 - a_list.append(v) - return (a_dict, a_list) - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - size=int(raw_input("Enter how big you want the list and the dictionary to be ")) - num_range=int(raw_input("Enter the range of random numbers ")) - iterations=int(raw_input("Enter the number of iterations to loop over ")) - - a_dict, a_list = populate(size, num_range) - - start_time_list = time.time() - for i in range(iterations) : - in_list = random.randint(0, num_range) in a_list - end_time_list = time.time() - print "It took ", end_time_list - start_time_list, "seconds to find the random number in the list" - start_time_dict = time.time() - for i in range(iterations) : - in_list = random.randint(0, num_range) in a_dict - end_time_dict = time.time() - print "It took ", end_time_dict - start_time_dict, "seconds to find the random number in the dictionary" - print "Dictionaries are ", (end_time_list - start_time_list)/(end_time_dict - start_time_dict),\ - "times facter than lists" - - diff --git a/bio_demo.py b/bio_demo.py deleted file mode 100644 index c777ac8..0000000 --- a/bio_demo.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -""" -BioPython + regular expression demo -based on http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/sis/formation/python/ch11s04.html -""" - -from Bio import SwissProt -import re - -fd = open('ceru_human.sp') # file descriptor (handle) -r = SwissProt.read(fd) # record from file -print r.entry_name -print r.sequence -PS00079 = 'G.[FYW].[LIVMFYW].[CST].{8,8}G[LM]...[LIVMFYW]' # pattern for regexp -p = re.compile(PS00079) # regular expression pattern object -m = p.search(r.sequence) # matching string in sequence -i = m.start() # index of start of match -j = m.end() # index of end of match -print i -print j -print r.sequence[i:j] # print a slice of the sequence - diff --git a/brit-a-z.txt b/brit-a-z.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b9e8169..0000000 --- a/brit-a-z.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79768 +0,0 @@ -aardvark -aardvarks -aardvark's -aardwolf -ab -abaca -aback -abacus -abacuses -abaft -abalone -abalones -abalone's -abandon -abandoned -abandonee -abandoner -abandoning -abandonment -abandons -abase -abased -abasement -abasements -abases -abash 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-zoom -zoomed -zoometry -zooming -zoomorphic -zoomorphism -zooms -zooparasite -zoophobia -zoophyte -zooplankton -zoos -zoosperm -zoosporangium -zoospore -zootomy -zootoxin -zootoxins -zounds -zucchetto -zucchini -zwitterions -zygote -zygote's -zygotes -zymurgy diff --git a/census/2011-income-distribution.csv b/census/2011-income-distribution.csv deleted file mode 100644 index ec70ec5..0000000 --- a/census/2011-income-distribution.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -Less than,Households,Households Margin of error,Families,,Married Couple families,,Non-families, -10000,7.8,.1,5.1,.1,1.8,.1,14.6,.1 -14999,5.8,.1,3.5,.1,1.8,.1,10.8,.1 -24999,11.4,.1,8.8,.1,6.0,.1,17.2,.1 -34999,10.6,.1,9.4,.1,7.7,.1,13.0,.1 -49999,13.9,.1,13.5,.1,12.6,.1,14.4,.1 -74999,18.0,.1,19.3,.1,20.5,.1,14.6,.1 -99999,11.7,.1,13.9,.1,16.2,.1,6.9,.1 -149999,12.1,.1,15.1,.1,18.7,.1,5.3,.1 -199999,4.4,.1,5.7,.1,7.3,.1,1.6,.1 -1000000,4.3,.1,5.6,.1,7.3,.1,1.5,.1 diff --git a/census/2011-income-distribution.xlsx b/census/2011-income-distribution.xlsx deleted file mode 100644 index a6396ff..0000000 Binary files a/census/2011-income-distribution.xlsx and /dev/null differ diff --git a/census/Cdf.py b/census/Cdf.py deleted file mode 100644 index f56dec9..0000000 --- a/census/Cdf.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,235 +0,0 @@ -"""This file contains code for use with "Think Stats", -by Allen B. Downey, available from greenteapress.com - -Copyright 2008 Allen B. Downey. -Distributed under the GNU General Public License at gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html. -""" - -"""Functions for building CDFs (cumulative distribution functions).""" - -import bisect -import math -import random -import Pmf - - -class Cdf(object): - """Represents a cumulative distribution function. - - Attributes: - xs: sequence of values - ps: sequence of probabilities - name: string used as a graph label. - """ - def __init__(self, xs=None, ps=None, name=''): - self.xs = [] if xs is None else xs - self.ps = [] if ps is None else ps - self.name = name - - def Values(self): - """Returns a sorted list of values. - """ - return self.xs - - def Items(self): - """Returns a sorted sequence of (value, probability) pairs. - - Note: in Python3, returns an iterator. - """ - return zip(self.xs, self.ps) - - def Append(self, x, p): - """Add an (x, p) pair to the end of this CDF. - - Note: this us normally used to build a CDF from scratch, not - to modify existing CDFs. It is up to the caller to make sure - that the result is a legal CDF. - """ - self.xs.append(x) - self.ps.append(p) - - def Prob(self, x): - """Returns CDF(x), the probability that corresponds to value x. - - Args: - x: number - - Returns: - float probability - """ - if x < self.xs[0]: return 0.0 - index = bisect.bisect(self.xs, x) - p = self.ps[index-1] - return p - - def Value(self, p): - """Returns InverseCDF(p), the value that corresponds to probability p. - - Args: - p: number in the range [0, 1] - - Returns: - number value - """ - if p < 0 or p > 1: - raise ValueError('Probability p must be in range [0, 1]') - - if p == 0: return self.xs[0] - if p == 1: return self.xs[-1] - index = bisect.bisect(self.ps, p) - if p == self.ps[index-1]: - return self.xs[index-1] - else: - return self.xs[index] - - def Percentile(self, p): - """Returns the value that corresponds to percentile p. - - Args: - p: number in the range [0, 100] - - Returns: - number value - """ - return self.Value(p / 100.0) - - def Random(self): - """Chooses a random value from this distribution.""" - return self.Value(random.random()) - - def Sample(self, n): - """Generates a random sample from this distribution. - - Args: - n: int length of the sample - """ - return [self.Random() for i in range(n)] - - def Mean(self): - """Computes the mean of a CDF. - - Returns: - float mean - """ - old_p = 0 - total = 0.0 - for x, new_p in zip(self.xs, self.ps): - p = new_p - old_p - total += p * x - old_p = new_p - return total - - def _Round(self, multiplier=1000.0): - """ - An entry is added to the cdf only if the percentile differs - from the previous value in a significant digit, where the number - of significant digits is determined by multiplier. The - default is 1000, which keeps log10(1000) = 3 significant digits. - """ - # TODO(write this method) - pass - - def Render(self): - """Generates a sequence of points suitable for plotting. - - An empirical CDF is a step function; linear interpolation - can be misleading. - - Returns: - tuple of (xs, ps) - """ - xs = [self.xs[0]] - ps = [0.0] - for i, p in enumerate(self.ps): - xs.append(self.xs[i]) - ps.append(p) - - try: - xs.append(self.xs[i+1]) - ps.append(p) - except IndexError: - pass - return xs, ps - - -def MakeCdfFromItems(items, name=''): - """Makes a cdf from an unsorted sequence of (value, frequency) pairs. - - Args: - items: unsorted sequence of (value, frequency) pairs - name: string name for this CDF - - Returns: - cdf: list of (value, fraction) pairs - """ - runsum = 0 - xs = [] - cs = [] - - for value, count in sorted(items): - runsum += count - xs.append(value) - cs.append(runsum) - - total = float(runsum) - ps = [c/total for c in cs] - - cdf = Cdf(xs, ps, name) - return cdf - - -def MakeCdfFromDict(d, name=''): - """Makes a CDF from a dictionary that maps values to frequencies. - - Args: - d: dictionary that maps values to frequencies. - name: string name for the data. - - Returns: - Cdf object - """ - return MakeCdfFromItems(d.iteritems(), name) - - -def MakeCdfFromHist(hist, name=''): - """Makes a CDF from a Hist object. - - Args: - hist: Pmf.Hist object - name: string name for the data. - - Returns: - Cdf object - """ - return MakeCdfFromItems(hist.Items(), name) - - -def MakeCdfFromPmf(pmf, name=None): - """Makes a CDF from a Pmf object. - - Args: - pmf: Pmf.Pmf object - name: string name for the data. - - Returns: - Cdf object - """ - if name == None: - name = pmf.name - return MakeCdfFromItems(pmf.Items(), name) - - -def MakeCdfFromList(seq, name=''): - """Creates a CDF from an unsorted sequence. - - Args: - seq: unsorted sequence of sortable values - name: string name for the cdf - - Returns: - Cdf object - """ - hist = Pmf.MakeHistFromList(seq) - return MakeCdfFromHist(hist, name) - - diff --git a/census/Pmf.py b/census/Pmf.py deleted file mode 100644 index 93e61e4..0000000 --- a/census/Pmf.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,377 +0,0 @@ -"""This file contains code for use with "Think Stats", -by Allen B. Downey, available from greenteapress.com - -Copyright 2010 Allen B. Downey -License: GNU GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html -""" - -"""This file contains class definitions for: - -Hist: represents a histogram (map from values to integer frequencies). - -Pmf: represents a probability mass function (map from values to probs). - -_DictWrapper: private parent class for Hist and Pmf. - -""" - -import logging -import math -import random - -class _DictWrapper(object): - """An object that contains a dictionary.""" - - def __init__(self, d=None, name=''): - # if d is provided, use it; otherwise make a new dict - if d == None: - d = {} - self.d = d - self.name = name - - def GetDict(self): - """Gets the dictionary.""" - return self.d - - def Values(self): - """Gets an unsorted sequence of values. - - Note: one source of confusion is that the keys in this - dictionaries are the values of the Hist/Pmf, and the - values are frequencies/probabilities. - """ - return self.d.keys() - - def Items(self): - """Gets an unsorted sequence of (value, freq/prob) pairs.""" - return self.d.items() - - def Render(self): - """Generates a sequence of points suitable for plotting. - - Returns: - tuple of (sorted value sequence, freq/prob sequence) - """ - return zip(*sorted(self.Items())) - - def Print(self): - """Prints the values and freqs/probs in ascending order.""" - for val, prob in sorted(self.d.iteritems()): - print val, prob - - def Set(self, x, y=0): - """Sets the freq/prob associated with the value x. - - Args: - x: number value - y: number freq or prob - """ - self.d[x] = y - - def Incr(self, x, term=1): - """Increments the freq/prob associated with the value x. - - Args: - x: number value - term: how much to increment by - """ - self.d[x] = self.d.get(x, 0) + term - - def Mult(self, x, factor): - """Scales the freq/prob associated with the value x. - - Args: - x: number value - factor: how much to multiply by - """ - self.d[x] = self.d.get(x, 0) * factor - - def Remove(self, x): - """Removes a value. - - Throws an exception if the value is not there. - - Args: - x: value to remove - """ - del self.d[x] - - def Total(self): - """Returns the total of the frequencies/probabilities in the map.""" - total = sum(self.d.itervalues()) - return total - - def MaxLike(self): - """Returns the largest frequency/probability in the map.""" - return max(self.d.itervalues()) - - -class Hist(_DictWrapper): - """Represents a histogram, which is a map from values to frequencies. - - Values can be any hashable type; frequencies are integer counters. - """ - - def Copy(self, name=None): - """Returns a copy of this Hist. - - Args: - name: string name for the new Hist - """ - if name is None: - name = self.name - return Hist(dict(self.d), name) - - def Freq(self, x): - """Gets the frequency associated with the value x. - - Args: - x: number value - - Returns: - int frequency - """ - return self.d.get(x, 0) - - def Freqs(self): - """Gets an unsorted sequence of frequencies.""" - return self.d.values() - - def IsSubset(self, other): - """Checks whether the values in this histogram are a subset of - the values in the given histogram.""" - for val, freq in self.Items(): - if freq > other.Freq(val): - return False - return True - - def Subtract(self, other): - """Subtracts the values in the given histogram from this histogram.""" - for val, freq in other.Items(): - self.Incr(val, -freq) - - -class Pmf(_DictWrapper): - """Represents a probability mass function. - - Values can be any hashable type; probabilities are floating-point. - Pmfs are not necessarily normalized. - """ - - def Copy(self, name=None): - """Returns a copy of this Pmf. - - Args: - name: string name for the new Pmf - """ - if name is None: - name = self.name - return Pmf(dict(self.d), name) - - def Prob(self, x, default=0): - """Gets the probability associated with the value x. - - Args: - x: number value - default: value to return if the key is not there - - Returns: - float probability - """ - return self.d.get(x, default) - - def Probs(self): - """Gets an unsorted sequence of probabilities.""" - return self.d.values() - - def Normalize(self, fraction=1.0): - """Normalizes this PMF so the sum of all probs is 1. - - Args: - fraction: what the total should be after normalization - """ - total = self.Total() - if total == 0.0: - raise ValueError('total probability is zero.') - logging.warning('Normalize: total probability is zero.') - return - - factor = float(fraction) / total - for x in self.d: - self.d[x] *= factor - - def Random(self): - """Chooses a random element from this PMF. - - Returns: - float value from the Pmf - """ - if len(self.d) == 0: - raise ValueError('Pmf contains no values.') - - target = random.random() - total = 0.0 - for x, p in self.d.iteritems(): - total += p - if total >= target: - return x - - # we shouldn't get here - assert False - - def Mean(self): - """Computes the mean of a PMF. - - Returns: - float mean - """ - mu = 0.0 - for x, p in self.d.iteritems(): - mu += p * x - return mu - - def Var(self, mu=None): - """Computes the variance of a PMF. - - Args: - mu: the point around which the variance is computed; - if omitted, computes the mean - - Returns: - float variance - """ - if mu is None: - mu = self.Mean() - - var = 0.0 - for x, p in self.d.iteritems(): - var += p * (x - mu)**2 - return var - - def Log(self): - """Log transforms the probabilities.""" - m = self.MaxLike() - for x, p in self.d.iteritems(): - self.Set(x, math.log(p/m)) - - def Exp(self): - """Exponentiates the probabilities.""" - m = self.MaxLike() - for x, p in self.d.iteritems(): - self.Set(x, math.exp(p-m)) - - -def MakeHistFromList(t, name=''): - """Makes a histogram from an unsorted sequence of values. - - Args: - t: sequence of numbers - name: string name for this histogram - - Returns: - Hist object - """ - hist = Hist(name=name) - [hist.Incr(x) for x in t] - return hist - - -def MakeHistFromDict(d, name=''): - """Makes a histogram from a map from values to frequencies. - - Args: - d: dictionary that maps values to frequencies - name: string name for this histogram - - Returns: - Hist object - """ - return Hist(d, name) - - -def MakePmfFromList(t, name=''): - """Makes a PMF from an unsorted sequence of values. - - Args: - t: sequence of numbers - name: string name for this PMF - - Returns: - Pmf object - """ - hist = MakeHistFromList(t, name) - return MakePmfFromHist(hist) - - -def MakePmfFromDict(d, name=''): - """Makes a PMF from a map from values to probabilities. - - Args: - d: dictionary that maps values to probabilities - name: string name for this PMF - - Returns: - Pmf object - """ - pmf = Pmf(d, name) - pmf.Normalize() - return pmf - - -def MakePmfFromHist(hist, name=None): - """Makes a normalized PMF from a Hist object. - - Args: - hist: Hist object - name: string name - - Returns: - Pmf object - """ - if name is None: - name = hist.name - - # make a copy of the dictionary - d = dict(hist.GetDict()) - pmf = Pmf(d, name) - pmf.Normalize() - return pmf - - -def MakePmfFromCdf(cdf, name=None): - """Makes a normalized Pmf from a Cdf object. - - Args: - cdf: Cdf object - name: string name for the new Pmf - - Returns: - Pmf object - """ - if name is None: - name = cdf.name - - pmf = Pmf(name=name) - - prev = 0.0 - for val, prob in cdf.Items(): - pmf.Incr(val, prob-prev) - prev = prob - - return pmf - - -def MakeMixture(pmfs, name='mix'): - """Make a mixture distribution. - - Args: - pmfs: Pmf that maps from Pmfs to probs. - name: string name for the new Pmf. - - Returns: Pmf object. - """ - mix = Pmf(name=name) - for pmf, prob in pmfs.Items(): - for x, p in pmf.Items(): - mix.Incr(x, p * prob) - return mix diff --git a/census/input.csv b/census/input.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 4e0b5f1..0000000 --- a/census/input.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -GEO.id,GEO.id2,GEO.display-label,HC01_EST_VC01,HC01_MOE_VC01,HC02_EST_VC01,HC02_MOE_VC01,HC03_EST_VC01,HC03_MOE_VC01,HC04_EST_VC01,HC04_MOE_VC01,HC01_EST_VC02,HC01_MOE_VC02,HC02_EST_VC02,HC02_MOE_VC02,HC03_EST_VC02,HC03_MOE_VC02,HC04_EST_VC02,HC04_MOE_VC02,HC01_EST_VC03,HC01_MOE_VC03,HC02_EST_VC03,HC02_MOE_VC03,HC03_EST_VC03,HC03_MOE_VC03,HC04_EST_VC03,HC04_MOE_VC03,HC01_EST_VC04,HC01_MOE_VC04,HC02_EST_VC04,HC02_MOE_VC04,HC03_EST_VC04,HC03_MOE_VC04,HC04_EST_VC04,HC04_MOE_VC04,HC01_EST_VC05,HC01_MOE_VC05,HC02_EST_VC05,HC02_MOE_VC05,HC03_EST_VC05,HC03_MOE_VC05,HC04_EST_VC05,HC04_MOE_VC05,HC01_EST_VC06,HC01_MOE_VC06,HC02_EST_VC06,HC02_MOE_VC06,HC03_EST_VC06,HC03_MOE_VC06,HC04_EST_VC06,HC04_MOE_VC06,HC01_EST_VC07,HC01_MOE_VC07,HC02_EST_VC07,HC02_MOE_VC07,HC03_EST_VC07,HC03_MOE_VC07,HC04_EST_VC07,HC04_MOE_VC07,HC01_EST_VC08,HC01_MOE_VC08,HC02_EST_VC08,HC02_MOE_VC08,HC03_EST_VC08,HC03_MOE_VC08,HC04_EST_VC08,HC04_MOE_VC08,HC01_EST_VC09,HC01_MOE_VC09,HC02_EST_VC09,HC02_MOE_VC09,HC03_EST_VC09,HC03_MOE_VC09,HC04_EST_VC09,HC04_MOE_VC09,HC01_EST_VC10,HC01_MOE_VC10,HC02_EST_VC10,HC02_MOE_VC10,HC03_EST_VC10,HC03_MOE_VC10,HC04_EST_VC10,HC04_MOE_VC10,HC01_EST_VC11,HC01_MOE_VC11,HC02_EST_VC11,HC02_MOE_VC11,HC03_EST_VC11,HC03_MOE_VC11,HC04_EST_VC11,HC04_MOE_VC11,HC01_EST_VC13,HC01_MOE_VC13,HC02_EST_VC13,HC02_MOE_VC13,HC03_EST_VC13,HC03_MOE_VC13,HC04_EST_VC13,HC04_MOE_VC13,HC01_EST_VC15,HC01_MOE_VC15,HC02_EST_VC15,HC02_MOE_VC15,HC03_EST_VC15,HC03_MOE_VC15,HC04_EST_VC15,HC04_MOE_VC15,HC01_EST_VC18,HC01_MOE_VC18,HC02_EST_VC18,HC02_MOE_VC18,HC03_EST_VC18,HC03_MOE_VC18,HC04_EST_VC18,HC04_MOE_VC18,HC01_EST_VC19,HC01_MOE_VC19,HC02_EST_VC19,HC02_MOE_VC19,HC03_EST_VC19,HC03_MOE_VC19,HC04_EST_VC19,HC04_MOE_VC19,HC01_EST_VC20,HC01_MOE_VC20,HC02_EST_VC20,HC02_MOE_VC20,HC03_EST_VC20,HC03_MOE_VC20,HC04_EST_VC20,HC04_MOE_VC20 -Id,Id2,Geography,Households; Estimate; Total,Households; Margin of Error; Total,Families; Estimate; Total,Families; Margin of Error; Total,Married-couple families; Estimate; Total,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Total,Nonfamily households; Estimate; Total,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Total,"Households; Estimate; Less than $10,000","Households; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000","Families; Estimate; Less than $10,000","Families; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000","Married-couple families; Estimate; Less than $10,000","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000","Nonfamily households; Estimate; Less than $10,000","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000","Households; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999","Households; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999","Families; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999","Families; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999","Households; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999","Households; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999","Families; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999","Families; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999","Households; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999","Households; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999","Families; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999","Families; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999","Households; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999","Households; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999","Families; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999","Families; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999","Households; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999","Households; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999","Families; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999","Families; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999","Households; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999","Households; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999","Families; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999","Families; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999","Households; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999","Households; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999","Families; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999","Families; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999","Households; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999","Households; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999","Families; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999","Families; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999","Married-couple families; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999","Households; Estimate; $200,000 or more","Households; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more","Families; Estimate; $200,000 or more","Families; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more","Married-couple families; Estimate; $200,000 or more","Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more","Nonfamily households; Estimate; $200,000 or more","Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more",Households; Estimate; Median income (dollars),Households; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),Families; Estimate; Median income (dollars),Families; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),Married-couple families; Estimate; Median income (dollars),Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),Nonfamily households; Estimate; Median income (dollars),Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),Households; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),Households; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),Families; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),Families; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),Married-couple families; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),Nonfamily households; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months -0100000US,,United States,114991725,179541,76084006,144469,55519648,157000,38907719,111894,7.8,0.1,5.1,0.1,1.8,0.1,14.6,0.1,5.8,0.1,3.5,0.1,1.8,0.1,10.8,0.1,11.4,0.1,8.8,0.1,6.0,0.1,17.2,0.1,10.6,0.1,9.4,0.1,7.7,0.1,13.0,0.1,13.9,0.1,13.5,0.1,12.6,0.1,14.4,0.1,18.0,0.1,19.3,0.1,20.5,0.1,14.6,0.1,11.7,0.1,13.9,0.1,16.2,0.1,6.9,0.1,12.1,0.1,15.1,0.1,18.7,0.1,5.3,0.1,4.4,0.1,5.7,0.1,7.3,0.1,1.6,0.1,4.3,0.1,5.6,0.1,7.3,0.1,1.5,0.1,50502,73,61455,109,74392,129,30500,86,69821,101,81375,141,95235,174,44404,140,29.0,,,,,,,,,,29.5,,,,,,,,,,,,26.3, diff --git a/census/make_cdf_from_census.py b/census/make_cdf_from_census.py deleted file mode 100644 index 446b1ac..0000000 --- a/census/make_cdf_from_census.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -import csv -import Cdf -import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot - -c = csv.reader(open("2011-income-distribution.csv", "rb")) -lv = [] # list of (value,frequency) pairs -header = c.next() # skip the header -for r in c : - lv.append((float(r[0]),float(r[-1]))) # append a tuple of frequency, value to the list -cdf = Cdf.MakeCdfFromItems(lv) -xs, ps = cdf.Render() -xmax = max(xs) -pyplot.plot(xs, ps, linewidth=3) -pyplot.axis([0.9, xmax*1.1, 0.0, 1.0]) -pyplot.title('CDF') -pyplot.xlabel('income') -pyplot.ylabel('probability, CDF(x)') -pyplot.show() - - - diff --git a/census/output.csv b/census/output.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 5363a07..0000000 --- a/census/output.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,131 +0,0 @@ -GEO.id,Id,0100000US -GEO.id2,Id2, -GEO.display-label,Geography,United States -HC01_EST_VC01,Households; Estimate; Total,114991725 -HC01_MOE_VC01,Households; Margin of Error; Total,179541 -HC02_EST_VC01,Families; Estimate; Total,76084006 -HC02_MOE_VC01,Families; Margin of Error; Total,144469 -HC03_EST_VC01,Married-couple families; Estimate; Total,55519648 -HC03_MOE_VC01,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Total,157000 -HC04_EST_VC01,Nonfamily households; Estimate; Total,38907719 -HC04_MOE_VC01,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Total,111894 -HC01_EST_VC02,"Households; Estimate; Less than $10,000",7.8 -HC01_MOE_VC02,"Households; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC02,"Families; Estimate; Less than $10,000",5.1 -HC02_MOE_VC02,"Families; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC02,"Married-couple families; Estimate; Less than $10,000",1.8 -HC03_MOE_VC02,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC02,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; Less than $10,000",14.6 -HC04_MOE_VC02,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Less than $10,000",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC03,"Households; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999",5.8 -HC01_MOE_VC03,"Households; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC03,"Families; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999",3.5 -HC02_MOE_VC03,"Families; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC03,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999",1.8 -HC03_MOE_VC03,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC03,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $10,000 to $14,999",10.8 -HC04_MOE_VC03,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $10,000 to $14,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC04,"Households; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999",11.4 -HC01_MOE_VC04,"Households; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC04,"Families; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999",8.8 -HC02_MOE_VC04,"Families; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC04,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999",6.0 -HC03_MOE_VC04,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC04,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $15,000 to $24,999",17.2 -HC04_MOE_VC04,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $15,000 to $24,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC05,"Households; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999",10.6 -HC01_MOE_VC05,"Households; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC05,"Families; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999",9.4 -HC02_MOE_VC05,"Families; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC05,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999",7.7 -HC03_MOE_VC05,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC05,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $25,000 to $34,999",13.0 -HC04_MOE_VC05,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $25,000 to $34,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC06,"Households; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999",13.9 -HC01_MOE_VC06,"Households; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC06,"Families; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999",13.5 -HC02_MOE_VC06,"Families; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC06,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999",12.6 -HC03_MOE_VC06,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC06,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $35,000 to $49,999",14.4 -HC04_MOE_VC06,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $35,000 to $49,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC07,"Households; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999",18.0 -HC01_MOE_VC07,"Households; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC07,"Families; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999",19.3 -HC02_MOE_VC07,"Families; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC07,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999",20.5 -HC03_MOE_VC07,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC07,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $50,000 to $74,999",14.6 -HC04_MOE_VC07,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $50,000 to $74,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC08,"Households; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999",11.7 -HC01_MOE_VC08,"Households; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC08,"Families; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999",13.9 -HC02_MOE_VC08,"Families; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC08,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999",16.2 -HC03_MOE_VC08,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC08,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $75,000 to $99,999",6.9 -HC04_MOE_VC08,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $75,000 to $99,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC09,"Households; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999",12.1 -HC01_MOE_VC09,"Households; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC09,"Families; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999",15.1 -HC02_MOE_VC09,"Families; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC09,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999",18.7 -HC03_MOE_VC09,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC09,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $100,000 to $149,999",5.3 -HC04_MOE_VC09,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $100,000 to $149,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC10,"Households; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999",4.4 -HC01_MOE_VC10,"Households; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC10,"Families; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999",5.7 -HC02_MOE_VC10,"Families; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC10,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999",7.3 -HC03_MOE_VC10,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC10,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $150,000 to $199,999",1.6 -HC04_MOE_VC10,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $150,000 to $199,999",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC11,"Households; Estimate; $200,000 or more",4.3 -HC01_MOE_VC11,"Households; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more",0.1 -HC02_EST_VC11,"Families; Estimate; $200,000 or more",5.6 -HC02_MOE_VC11,"Families; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more",0.1 -HC03_EST_VC11,"Married-couple families; Estimate; $200,000 or more",7.3 -HC03_MOE_VC11,"Married-couple families; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more",0.1 -HC04_EST_VC11,"Nonfamily households; Estimate; $200,000 or more",1.5 -HC04_MOE_VC11,"Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; $200,000 or more",0.1 -HC01_EST_VC13,Households; Estimate; Median income (dollars),50502 -HC01_MOE_VC13,Households; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),73 -HC02_EST_VC13,Families; Estimate; Median income (dollars),61455 -HC02_MOE_VC13,Families; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),109 -HC03_EST_VC13,Married-couple families; Estimate; Median income (dollars),74392 -HC03_MOE_VC13,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),129 -HC04_EST_VC13,Nonfamily households; Estimate; Median income (dollars),30500 -HC04_MOE_VC13,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Median income (dollars),86 -HC01_EST_VC15,Households; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),69821 -HC01_MOE_VC15,Households; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),101 -HC02_EST_VC15,Families; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),81375 -HC02_MOE_VC15,Families; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),141 -HC03_EST_VC15,Married-couple families; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),95235 -HC03_MOE_VC15,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),174 -HC04_EST_VC15,Nonfamily households; Estimate; Mean income (dollars),44404 -HC04_MOE_VC15,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; Mean income (dollars),140 -HC01_EST_VC18,Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months,29.0 -HC01_MOE_VC18,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC02_EST_VC18,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC02_MOE_VC18,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC03_EST_VC18,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC03_MOE_VC18,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC04_EST_VC18,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC04_MOE_VC18,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Household income in the past 12 months, -HC01_EST_VC19,Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC01_MOE_VC19,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC02_EST_VC19,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months,29.5 -HC02_MOE_VC19,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC03_EST_VC19,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC03_MOE_VC19,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC04_EST_VC19,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC04_MOE_VC19,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Family income in the past 12 months, -HC01_EST_VC20,Households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC01_MOE_VC20,Households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC02_EST_VC20,Families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC02_MOE_VC20,Families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC03_EST_VC20,Married-couple families; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC03_MOE_VC20,Married-couple families; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, -HC04_EST_VC20,Nonfamily households; Estimate; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months,26.3 -HC04_MOE_VC20,Nonfamily households; Margin of Error; PERCENT IMPUTED - Nonfamily income in the past 12 months, diff --git a/census/read_excel.py b/census/read_excel.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1f1aada..0000000 --- a/census/read_excel.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -import xlrd - -book = xlrd.open_workbook('2011-income-distribution.xlsx') - -print book.nsheets -print book.sheet_names() - -sh = book.sheet_by_index(0) -print sh.name, sh.nrows, sh.ncols -print type(sh.cell(rowx=1,colx=0).value) -print sh.cell(rowx=0,colx=0).value,"\t", -for col in range(1, 7, 2 ) : - print sh.cell(rowx=0,colx=col).value,"\t", -print -for row in range(1,sh.nrows) : - print sh.cell(rowx=row,colx=0).value,"\t", - for col in range(1,7,2) : - print sh.cell(rowx=row,colx=col).value,"\t", - print - - - diff --git a/chapter_10/bisection_search_10_11.py b/chapter_10/bisection_search_10_11.py deleted file mode 100644 index bea163b..0000000 --- a/chapter_10/bisection_search_10_11.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,103 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# To check whether a word is in the word list, you could use the in operator, -# but it would be slow because it searches through the words in order. -# Because the words are in alphabetical order, we can speed things up with a -# bisection search (also known as binary search), which is similar to what you -# do when you look a word up in the dictionary. You start in the middle and -# check to see whether the word you are looking for comes before the word in -# the middle of the list. If so, then you search the first half of the list the -# same way. Otherwise you search the second half. Either way, you cut the -# remaining search space in half. If the word list has 113,809 words, it will -# take about 17 steps to find the word or conclude that it’s not there. -# Write a function called bisect that takes a sorted list and a target value -# and returns the index of the value in the list, if it’s there, or None if -# it’s not. Or you could read the documentation of the bisect module and -# use that! - -import time - - -def bisection_search ( lst, target ): - """This function takes a sorted list lst and a target value and returns -the index of the value in the list, if it’s there, or None if it’s not.""" - list_length = len(lst) - if list_length == 1: - if target == lst[0] : - return 0 - else : - return None - ll_over_2 = list_length/2 - result = bisection_search( lst[:ll_over_2], target ) - if result != None : - return result - result = bisection_search( lst[ll_over_2:], target ) - if result != None : - return result+ll_over_2 - return None - -def linear_search ( lst, target ) : - """this function does a linear search of a sorted list, finds the target -valud and returns the location in the list or None if it does not appear""" - for e in range( len( lst ) ): - if lst[e] == target : - return e - return None - -def test_bisection_search( lst, target, correct_answer ): - assert lst == sorted(lst) # Verify that the input list is sorted - result = bisection_search(lst, target) - if result == correct_answer : - print "Correct" - else : - print "The result is %d but the correct answer is %d" % ( result, \ - correct_answer) - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - lst = [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19] - test_bisection_search(lst, 3, 1) - test_bisection_search(lst, 8, 6) - test_bisection_search(lst, 1, 0) - test_bisection_search(lst, 4, 2) - test_bisection_search(lst, 23, None) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3], 3, 2) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3], 2, 1) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3], 1, 0) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3, 4], 3, 2) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3, 4], 4, 3) - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 5, 4) - try : -# Test the test_bisection_search function - test_bisection_search([1, 2, 4, 5, 3], 5, 4) - except AssertionError: - print "test_bisection_search detected an out of order list as input" - - # words.txt is sorted - f = open("words.txt", "r") - word_list = [] - for word in f: - w = word.rstrip() - word_list.append( w ) - f.close() - word_list.sort() - start_time = time.time() - print "Looking for word 'coenzymes':", bisection_search(word_list, "coenzymes") - print "Looking for word 'the':", bisection_search(word_list, "the") - print "Looking for word 'xyzzy':", bisection_search(word_list, "xyzzy") - end_time = time.time() - print "The recursive bisection search took ", end_time - start_time, "seconds" - start_time = time.time() - print "Looking for word 'coenzymes':", linear_search(word_list, "coenzymes") - print "Looking for word 'the':", linear_search(word_list, "the") - print "Looking for word 'xyzzy':", linear_search(word_list, "xyzzy") - end_time = time.time() - print "The linear search took ", end_time - start_time, "seconds" - - - - - - - diff --git a/chapter_11/benchmark_dictionaries_11-1.py b/chapter_11/benchmark_dictionaries_11-1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6e6b8c0..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/benchmark_dictionaries_11-1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 11-1 -# Write a function that reads the words in words.txt and stores them as keys in -# a dictionary. It doesn’t matter what the values are. Then you can use the in -# operator as a fast way to check whether a string is in the dictionary. -# -# If you did Exercise 10.8, you can compare the speed of this implementation -# with the list in operator and the bisection search. - - -# http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/book011.html#wordlist1 -import bisection_search_10_8 as bisect_recurse -import random -import time -import bisect # see http://docs.python.org/2/library/bisect.html - -word_list = [] -word_dict = {} - -def populate_word_list() : - global word_list - global word_dict - f = open("words.txt", "r") - word_list = [] - for word in f: - w = word.rstrip() - word_list.append( w) - word_dict[w]=1 # We don't care what the value is - f.close() - -def dictionary_search( my_word_list ) : - """Use the dictionary membership test to see if each word in my_word_list is -in dictionary word_dict""" - global word_dict # not needed here, but why is it a good idea anyway? - for word in my_word_list : - _ = word in word_dict - - -def list_membership_search( my_word_list ) : - """Use the list membership test to see if each word in my_word_list is -in dictionary word_dict""" - global word_list # not needed here, but why is it a good idea anyway? - for word in my_word_list : - _ = word in word_list - -def bisection_search ( my_word_list ) : - """Use the bisection search test we wrote in chapter 10 to see if each -word in my_word_list is in the list word_list""" - global word_list - for word in my_word_list : - _ = bisect_recurse.bisection_search ( word_list, word ) - -def builtin_bisection_search ( my_word_list ) : - """Use the built-in bisection search functions""" - global word_list - for word in my_word_list : - i = bisect.bisect_left(word_list, word) - if i == len(word_list) or word_list[i] != word: - raise ValueError - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - NUM_SAMPLES = 1000 - populate_word_list() - sample_word_list = random.sample ( word_list, NUM_SAMPLES ) - - start=time.time() - dictionary_search( sample_word_list ) - print "Dictionary search took %f seconds" % ( time.time() - start ) - - start=time.time() - builtin_bisection_search ( sample_word_list ) - print "the built in bisection search took %f seconds" % ( time.time() - start ) - - print "Doing the recursive bisection search took 35 seconds on Jeff's computer" - start=time.time() - bisection_search( sample_word_list ) - print "Recursive bisection search took %f seconds"% (time.time() - start ) - - start=time.time() - list_membership_search( sample_word_list ) - print "list membership search took %f seconds" % ( time.time() - start ) - - - - - - diff --git a/chapter_11/compare_fibonanci_11_6.py b/chapter_11/compare_fibonanci_11_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1f1e84f..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/compare_fibonanci_11_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 6 Run this version of fibonacci and the original with a range of -# parameters and compare their run times. -import time - -def original_fibonacci (n): - if n == 0: - return 0 - elif n == 1: - return 1 - else: - return original_fibonacci(n-1) + original_fibonacci(n-2) - -known = {0:0, 1:1} -def memoized_fibonacci ( n ): - if n in known: - return known[n] - - res = memoized_fibonacci(n-1) + memoized_fibonacci(n-2) - known[n] = res - return res - - -def time_function ( function, iterations, argument ) : - """This function times how long it takes to execute function function, when -given *arguments arguments, and looping over iterations iterations to build up -the time for a very fast function""" - start_time = time.time() - for i in range(iterations) : -# Execute the function, throw away the result. We're only interested in how -# long it takes to run - _ = function( argument ) - diff = time.time() - start_time - print function.__name__, " took %f seconds" % diff - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - n = int ( raw_input("Enter the argument of the fibonacci function ") ) - count = int ( raw_input ("Enter the number of iterations to test over " ) ) - time_function ( original_fibonacci, count, n ) - time_function ( memoized_fibonacci, count, n ) diff --git a/chapter_11/efficient_histogram_11_2.py b/chapter_11/efficient_histogram_11_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7a030c7..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/efficient_histogram_11_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Dictionaries have a method called get that takes a key and a default value. -# If the key appears in the dictionary, get returns the corresponding value; -# otherwise it returns the default value. For example: -# >>> h = histogram('a') -# >>> print h -# {'a': 1} -# >>> h.get('a', 0) -# 1 -# >>> h.get('b', 0) -# 0 - - -def histogram(s): - d = dict() - for c in s: - d[c] = d.get(c,0)+1 - return d - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter a string ") - h = histogram(s) - print h diff --git a/chapter_11/invert_dict_11_5.py b/chapter_11/invert_dict_11_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7f29cf1..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/invert_dict_11_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 5 Read the documentation of the dictionary method setdefault and use -# it to write a more concise version of invert_dict. -# See http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html?highlight=setdefault#dict.setdefault - -import efficient_histogram_11_2 as hist - -def invert_dict(d): - inv = dict() - for key in d: - val = d[key] -# If key is in the dictionary, return its value. If not, insert key with a -# value of default and return default. default defaults to None. - inv[val] = inv.setdefault( val, [] ) + [key] -# if val not in inv: -# inv[val] = [key] -# else: -# inv[val].append(key) - return inv - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter a string ") - h = hist.histogram(s) - r = invert_dict(h) - for k in r.keys() : - print k,":", r[k] diff --git a/chapter_11/is_sorted_11_6.py b/chapter_11/is_sorted_11_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 40708e9..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/is_sorted_11_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Write a function called is_sorted that takes a list as a parameter and returns -# True if the list is sorted in ascending order and False otherwise. You can -# assume (as a precondition) that the elements of the list can be compared with -# the relational operators <, >, etc. -# For example, is_sorted([1,2,2]) should return True and is_sorted(['b','a']) -# Write a function called is_sorted that takes a list as a parameter and returns -# True if the list is sorted in ascending order and False otherwise. You can -# assume (as a precondition) that the elements of the list can be compared with -# the relational operators <, >, etc. -# For example, is_sorted([1,2,2]) should return True and is_sorted(['b','a']) -# should return False. - -def is_sorted(my_list) : - """This function returns is_sorted if each element in the list is greater -than or equal to the element before it""" - for i in range(1, len(my_list)) : - if my_list[i] < my_list[i-1] : - return False - return True - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_is_sorted( a_list, expected ) : - if is_sorted(a_list) == expected : - print "Success: ", a_list, ( "is" if expected else "is not"),\ - "sorted, as expected" - else : - print "FAILURE: ", a_list, "returned", r, "expected", expected - -test_is_sorted([1,2,2], True) -test_is_sorted(['b','a'], False) -test_is_sorted([1, 2, 4, 5, 4], False) -test_is_sorted([1, 2, -1, 3, 4], False) diff --git a/chapter_11/ordered_histogram_11_3.py b/chapter_11/ordered_histogram_11_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index bf440a3..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/ordered_histogram_11_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Dictionaries have a method called keys that returns the keys of the -# dictionary, in no particular order, as a list. -# Modify print_hist to print the keys and their values in alphabetical order. - -import efficient_histogram_11_2 as hist - -def print_hist(h): - key_list = h.keys() - key_list.sort() - for c in key_list : - print c, h[c] - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter a string ") - h = hist.histogram(s) - print_hist(h) diff --git a/chapter_11/reverse_lookup_11_4.py b/chapter_11/reverse_lookup_11_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index fd618be..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/reverse_lookup_11_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 4 Modify reverse_lookup so that it builds and returns a list of -# all keys that map to v, or an empty list if there are none. - -import efficient_histogram_11_2 as hist -import string - -def reverse_lookup(d, v): - return_list = [] - for k in d: - if d[k] == v: - return_list.append(k) - return return_list - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter a string ") - h = hist.histogram(s) - v = 0 - while True : - rl = reverse_lookup(h, v) - if ( v > 0 ) and ( len(rl)==0 ) : - break - print v, rl - v += 1 - diff --git a/chapter_11/rsa.py b/chapter_11/rsa.py deleted file mode 100644 index 4dfaddc..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/rsa.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 11-7. Exponentiation of large integers is the basis of common -# algorithms for public-key encryption. Read the Wikipedia page on the RSA -# algorithm3 and write functions to encode and decode messages. -# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(algorithm) - -import random - -DEBUG_IS_PRIME=True - -def is_prime ( n ) : - """Returns True if n is a prime number""" - for x in range(2, n): - if n % x == 0: - return False - else : -# loop fell through without finding a factor - return True - -if DEBUG_IS_PRIME : - assert is_prime(7) - assert not is_prime(6) - assert not is_prime(323) # 17 x 19 - assert is_prime(99981599) # From http://arachnoid.com/prime_numbers/index.html - print "passed all tests" - -def pick_random_prime_number () : - """This function returns a random integer which is prime""" - while True : - n = random.randint(1,1000000) # For real cryptographic applications, should be - # nuch larger - if is_prime(n) : - return n - - - -def encode_decode ( message, public_key, private_key, modulus ) : - p = pick_random_prime_number() - q = pick_random_prime_number() - diff --git a/chapter_11/rsa_11_7.py b/chapter_11/rsa_11_7.py deleted file mode 100644 index 56c90dd..0000000 --- a/chapter_11/rsa_11_7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,150 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 11-7. Exponentiation of large integers is the basis of -# common algorithms for public-key encryption. Read the Wikipedia page -# on the RSA algorithm3 and write functions to encode and decode -# messages. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA - -# -import random -import math - -SIZE=2000 # pick a size of the prime numbers. More means better security but slower - # execution time -TEST=False - -def find_prime_number( size=20000 ) : - """This function returns an integer of roughly size """ - while True: - trial_prime =random.randint(size, size*2) - if is_prime(trial_prime) : - break - return trial_prime - -def is_prime(trial_prime) : - """returns True if trial_prime is prime""" -# Handle small integers specially - if trial_prime in [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29] : - return True - if trial_prime % 3 == 0: return False - if trial_prime % 2 == 0: return False -# a more efficient method is to test if n is divisible by 2 or 3, then -# to check through all the numbers of form 6k ± 1 <= sqrt(n). This is -# 3 times as fast as testing all m. Conversion of floating point -# numbers to integers truncates (towards zero) - i = 1 - limit = ( int(math.sqrt(float(trial_prime)) / 6 )+1 ) - while i <= limit : - tf = 6*i - 1 # note - -# print "testing factor ", tf - if (trial_prime % tf) == 0 : - print "Trial_prime %d is divisible by %d" % (trial_prime, tf) - return False - tf = 6*i + 1 # note + -# print "testing factor ", tf - if (trial_prime % tf) == 0 : - print "Trial_prime %d is divisible by %d" % (trial_prime, tf) - return False - i += 1 - return True - -# This is from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Mathematics/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm -def egcd(a, b): - """Euclid's algorithm for determining the greatest common divisor""" - x,y, u,v = 0,1, 1,0 - while a != 0: - q,r = b/a,b%a - m,n = x-u*q,y-v*q - b,a, x,y, u,v = a,r, u,v, m,n - return b, x, y - -# This is from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_Implementation/Mathematics/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm -def modinv(a, m): - g, x, y = egcd(a, m) - if g != 1: - return None # modular inverse does not exist - else: - return x % m - -def generate_keys(): - "This function generates the keys for encryption and decryption" - -# from http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA#A_worked_example -# Choose two prime numbers Make sure that these prime numbers are distinct (i.e. they are not both the same number). - while True: - if TEST: - p = 61 - q = 63 - else : - p = find_prime_number(SIZE) - q = find_prime_number(SIZE) - if q != p : break - -# Compute n = pq - n = p * q - if TEST: - print "n = ", n - -# Compute the totients of product. For primes, the totient is maximal -# and equals the prime minus one. Therefore totient(pq) = (p-1)(q-1) - totient = (p-1)*(q-1) - if TEST: - print "totient(%d%d)=%d" % (p, q, totient) - -# Choose any number e > 1 that is coprime to the totient. Choosing a prime -# number for e leaves you with a single check: that e is not a divisor -# of the totient. - while True : - if TEST: - e = 17 - assert totient % e ==0, "%d %% %d is 0, which menas %d is a factor of %d" % ( - totient, e, e, totient ) - else : - e = find_prime_number(SIZE/10) - if ( totient % e ) != 0 : break - -# Compute d such that de = 1 mod totient e.g., by computing the modular multiplicative -# inverse of e modulo totient: - d = modinv(e, totient) - - print "The public key is (%d, %d)" % (n, e) - print "The private key is (%d, %d)" % (n, d) - return (n, e, d) - -def main(): - if TEST: - m = 65 - else : - while True : - m = int(raw_input("Enter a message to encrypt (an integer) ")) - if m <= SIZE : - break - print "Enter a smaller message to encrypt" - (n, e, d ) = generate_keys() - c = ( m ** e ) % n - if TEST: - assert c != 2790, "The ciphertext is %d and should be 2790" % c - print "The ciphertext is %d" % c - m_decoded = ( c ** d) % n - print "The decoded message is %d" % m_decoded - assert m == m_decoded, "Failed to decode the message properly. Original message is %d, decoded message is %d" % (m, m_decoded) - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : -# print "testing 17 for primality" -# assert is_prime(17), "is_prime incorrectly found that 17 is composite" -# print "testing 209 for primality" -# assert not is_prime(209), "is_prime incorrectly found that 209 is prime (11x19)" -# print "testing 54 for primality" -# assert not is_prime(54), "is_prime incorrectly found that 54 is prime (6x9)" - -# print "see http://www.factmonster.com/math/numbers/prime.html" -# for i in range(1, 10): -# test = find_prime_number(size=1000) -# print "Find_prime_number found %d which it thinks is prime" % test - main() - - diff --git a/chapter_12/anagrams_12_4.py b/chapter_12/anagrams_12_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index a3b4d79..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/anagrams_12_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 12-4. Write a program that creates a databases of anagrams - - - -def initialize_word_list() : - """This subroutine initializes the list of words. If a word is in this list, -then it is a word""" - word_list = [] - f = open("words.txt","r") - for line in f: - word = line.strip() - word_list.append ( word ) - f.close() - return word_list - -def string_to_tuple( word ) : - """Convert string word into a tuple suitable for use as a key to a dictionary -of anagrams""" - this_word_list = list(word) # convert the string to a list so we can sort it - this_word_list.sort() - this_word_tuple = tuple( this_word_list ) # Conver the list to a tuple which can be the key to a dictionary - return this_word_tuple - -def make_dict_of_anagrams ( word_list ) : - """This function returns a dictionary of lists of words which are anagrams. -The keys to the dictionaries are tuples of the letters in the words, sorted""" - anagram_dict = dict() - for word in word_list: - this_word_tuple = string_to_tuple ( word ) - # If key is in the dictionary, return its value. If not, insert key with a - # value of default and return default. default defaults to None. - # See exercise 11-2 - anagram_dict[this_word_tuple] = \ - anagram_dict.setdefault( this_word_tuple, [] ) + [word] - return anagram_dict - -def main() : - word_list = initialize_word_list() - anagram_dict=make_dict_of_anagrams( word_list ) - i = 0 - for word in word_list : - key = string_to_tuple(word) - anagram_list = anagram_dict[key] -# if there are anagrams, then print them. Most words have no anagrams - if len ( anagram_list ) > 1 : - print anagram_list - i += 1 - if i > 200 : # I just want 200 anagrams as a proof of concept - break -# Part 2 of the problem: output the list sorted by length - anagram_list_length_list = [] - for key in anagram_dict.keys() : - anagram_list_length_list.append( (len(anagram_dict[key]), key) ) - anagram_list_length_list.sort() - for i in range( len ( anagram_list_length_list ) ) : - key = anagram_list_length_list[i][1] - anagram = anagram_dict[key] - if len(anagram) > 1 : - print anagram -# - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - - diff --git a/chapter_12/exercise_12_02_unstable_sort.py b/chapter_12/exercise_12_02_unstable_sort.py deleted file mode 100644 index 88401b4..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/exercise_12_02_unstable_sort.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 2 -# In this example, ties are broken by comparing words, so words with the same -# length appear in reverse alphabetical order. For other applications you might -# want to break ties at random. Modify this example so that words with the same -# length appear in random order. Hint: see the random function in the random -# module. - -import random -random.seed() - -def unstable_len_sort ( word_list ) : - """This function sorts the words in word_list by length. However, this -function has a tie-breaker: a random number is inserted into the tuple that -is being sorted on""" - - t = [] - for word in word_list : - t.append( ( len(word), random.random(), word ) ) - - t.sort() - - r = [] - for tpl in t : - r.append( tpl[2] ) - - return r - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - t = ["aa", "be", "cc", "def", "feg", "xyzzy", "dogfood" ] - r = unstable_len_sort ( t ) - print "Given",t,"the sorted list is",r - - t = ["oregon", "oregano", "please", "defcd", "fog", "red", "scum" ] - r = unstable_len_sort ( t ) - print "Given",t,"the sorted list is",r - - t = ["oregon", "thanks", "please", "defacd", "Rachel", "Daniel", "Hoover" ] - r = unstable_len_sort ( t ) - print "Given",t,"the sorted list is",r diff --git a/chapter_12/exercise_12_3_most_frequent.py b/chapter_12/exercise_12_3_most_frequent.py deleted file mode 100644 index cc76b39..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/exercise_12_3_most_frequent.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Write a function called most_frequent that takes a string and prints the -# letters in decreasing order of frequency. Find text samples from several -# different languages and see how letter frequency varies between languages. -# Compare your results with the tables at -# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequencies. - -def make_histogram( text ) : - """This function returns a dictionary with single letters as keys and a -count of the number of occurances in text as values""" - d={} - for c in text : - if c != "\r" and c != '\n' : - d[c] = d.get(c, 0) + 1 - return d - -def sort_dict( d ) : - """This functions returns a list of tuples which is sorted by count""" - t = [] - for c in d.keys() : - t.append ( (d[c], c ) ) - t.sort() - r = [] - for c in t : - r.append( (c[1],c[0] ) ) - return r - - -text = file("words.txt","r").read() # Read the entire file words.txt as a - # single string -d = make_histogram( text ) -sorted_list = sort_dict( d ) -for c in sorted_list : - print c[0],":",c[1] diff --git a/chapter_12/exercise_12_5_metathesis_pair.py b/chapter_12/exercise_12_5_metathesis_pair.py deleted file mode 100644 index 72963df..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/exercise_12_5_metathesis_pair.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Two words form a “metathesis pair” if you can transform one into the other by -# swapping two letters; for example, “converse” and “conserve.” Write a program -# that finds all of the metathesis pairs in the dictionary. Hint: don’t test all -# pairs of words, and don’t test all possible swaps. - -# First of all, all metathesis pairs are anagrams, so if two words are not -# anagrams, they can be rejected. - -# http://epequeno.wordpress.com/2011/12/27/exercise-12-04/ - -import anagrams_12_4 - -def num_differences ( word_1, word_2 ) : - """This function calculates how many characters differ between word_1 and -word_2""" - count = 0 - for i in range(len(word_1)) : - if word_1[i] != word_2[i] : - count += 1 - return count - -if __name__ == "__main__" : -# Get a list of words from a file. - word_list = anagrams_12_4.initialize_word_list() -# Create a dictionary of anagrams. The dictionary is keyed by tuples -# and has a list of anagrams for values. The tuples are the letters in the word -# sorted. You never actually use the keys, they are opaque identifiers - anagram_dict=anagrams_12_4.make_dict_of_anagrams( word_list ) - -# Loop over all lists of anagrams. itervalues returns an iterator over the -# values in the dictionary. We could have done the same thing with -# for k in anagram_dict.keys() -# anagram = anagram_dict[key] -# - for anagram in anagram_dict.itervalues() : - for word_1 in anagram : - for word_2 in anagram : -# Two anagramic words can be a metathesis pair if the number of characters that -# differ between them are 2. - differences = num_differences( word_1, word_2 ) -# Making sure that we only print when word_1 > word_2 eliminates duplicates - if differences == 2 and word_1 > word_2 : - print word_1, word_2 - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/chapter_12/exercise_12_6_reduced_words.py b/chapter_12/exercise_12_6_reduced_words.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2c64be7..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/exercise_12_6_reduced_words.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 12-6 -# Here’s another Car Talk Puzzler (http://www.cartalk.com/content/puzzler/transcripts/200651): -# What is the longest English word, that remains a valid English word, as you -# remove its letters one at a time? -# Now, letters can be removed from either end, or the middle, but you can’t -# rearrange any of the letters. Every time you drop a letter, you wind up with -# another English word. If you do that, you’re eventually going to wind up with -# one letter and that too is going to be an English word—one that’s found in the dictionary. I want to know what’s the longest word and how many letters does it have? -# I’m going to give you a little modest example: Sprite. Ok? You start off with -# sprite, you take a letter off, one from the interior of the word, take the r -# away, and we’re left with the word spite, then we take the e off the end, -# we’re left with spit, we take the s off, we’re left with pit, it, and I. -# -# Write a program to find all words that can be reduced in this way, and then -# find the longest one. -# -# This exercise is a little more challenging than most, so here are some -# suggestions: -# -# You might want to write a function that takes a word and computes a list of -# all the words that can be formed by removing one letter. These are the -# “children” of the word. -# Recursively, a word is reducible if any of its children are reducible. As a -# base case, you can consider the empty string reducible. -# The wordlist I provided, words.txt, doesn’t contain single letter words. So -# you might want to add “I”, “a”, and the empty string. -# To improve the performance of your program, you might want to memoize the -# words that are known to be reducible. -# Solution: http://thinkpython.com/code/reducible.py. - -DEBUG = False -import anagrams_12_4 - -# To memoize the function children_of_word, we remember which words we already -# know to be children -children_dict = {} - -def children_of_word ( word ) : - """This function returns a list of children of the word. A word is a "child" -of this word if it has 1 letter removed from this word and is in the word list""" - global word_list # word_list doesn't change and it is huge, so it is okay - # to pass globally - children_of_word_list = [] -# Here are some corner cases. - if word == "I" or word == "a" or word == "A" or word == "": - return [word] - if word in children_dict : - return children_dict[word] - for i in range( 0, len ( word ) ) : - if i == 0 : - potential_child_word = word[1:] - elif i==len(word)-1 : - potential_child_word = word[:-1] - else : - potential_child_word = word[:i] + word[i+1:] - if potential_child_word in word_list : # Would this be faster in a dict? - if DEBUG : - print potential_child_word, -# since potential_child_word is known to be in the word list, technically, it is -# now a child_word and not a potential_child_word - children_of_word_list.extend ( \ - children_of_word ( potential_child_word ) ) -# momoize this list of children words of potential_child_word - children_dict[potential_child_word] = children_of_word_list - return children_of_word_list - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - word_list = anagrams_12_4.initialize_word_list() - solutions={} - for word in word_list : - solutions[word] = children_of_word( word ) - for word in solutions.keys() : - print word,":", solutions[word] - diff --git a/chapter_12/variable_len_args_12_1.py b/chapter_12/variable_len_args_12_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index eca51bb..0000000 --- a/chapter_12/variable_len_args_12_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 1 Many of the built-in functions use variable-length argument tuples. -# For example, max and min can take any number of arguments: -# >>> max(1,2,3) -# 3 -# But sum does not. -# -# >>> sum(1,2,3) -# TypeError: sum expected at most 2 arguments, got 3 -# -# Write a function called sumall that takes any number of arguments and returns -# their sum. - - -def sumall ( *t ): - """This function calculates the sum of all of its arguments""" - s = 0 - for i in range(len(t)) : - s += t[i] - return s - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_sumall(expected, *u ) : - r = sumall( *u ) - if r == expected : - print "Success: sumall returned",r," as expected. Args are %s" % \ - str(u) - else: - print "FAILURE: sumall returned",r," but expected ",expected,". Args are %s" % \ - str(u) - - test_sumall ( 10, 1, 3, 6 ) - test_sumall ( 20.0, 1.0, 10, 2, 2, 5 ) - test_sumall ( (1+2j), 1, (1+1j), (-1+1j) ) - - - diff --git a/chapter_13/Alice.txt b/chapter_13/Alice.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 019d3fa..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/Alice.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3735 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland - -Author: Lewis Carroll - -Posting Date: June 25, 2008 [EBook #11] -Release Date: March, 1994 -[Last updated: December 20, 2011] - -Language: English - - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND *** - - - - - - - - - - -ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND - -Lewis Carroll - -THE MILLENNIUM FULCRUM EDITION 3.0 - - - - -CHAPTER I. Down the Rabbit-Hole - -Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the -bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the -book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in -it, 'and what is the use of a book,' thought Alice 'without pictures or -conversation?' - -So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the -hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid), whether the pleasure -of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and -picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran -close by her. - -There was nothing so VERY remarkable in that; nor did Alice think it so -VERY much out of the way to hear the Rabbit say to itself, 'Oh dear! -Oh dear! I shall be late!' (when she thought it over afterwards, it -occurred to her that she ought to have wondered at this, but at the time -it all seemed quite natural); but when the Rabbit actually TOOK A WATCH -OUT OF ITS WAISTCOAT-POCKET, and looked at it, and then hurried on, -Alice started to her feet, for it flashed across her mind that she had -never before seen a rabbit with either a waistcoat-pocket, or a watch -to take out of it, and burning with curiosity, she ran across the field -after it, and fortunately was just in time to see it pop down a large -rabbit-hole under the hedge. - -In another moment down went Alice after it, never once considering how -in the world she was to get out again. - -The rabbit-hole went straight on like a tunnel for some way, and then -dipped suddenly down, so suddenly that Alice had not a moment to think -about stopping herself before she found herself falling down a very deep -well. - -Either the well was very deep, or she fell very slowly, for she had -plenty of time as she went down to look about her and to wonder what was -going to happen next. First, she tried to look down and make out what -she was coming to, but it was too dark to see anything; then she -looked at the sides of the well, and noticed that they were filled with -cupboards and book-shelves; here and there she saw maps and pictures -hung upon pegs. She took down a jar from one of the shelves as -she passed; it was labelled 'ORANGE MARMALADE', but to her great -disappointment it was empty: she did not like to drop the jar for fear -of killing somebody, so managed to put it into one of the cupboards as -she fell past it. - -'Well!' thought Alice to herself, 'after such a fall as this, I shall -think nothing of tumbling down stairs! How brave they'll all think me at -home! Why, I wouldn't say anything about it, even if I fell off the top -of the house!' (Which was very likely true.) - -Down, down, down. Would the fall NEVER come to an end! 'I wonder how -many miles I've fallen by this time?' she said aloud. 'I must be getting -somewhere near the centre of the earth. Let me see: that would be four -thousand miles down, I think--' (for, you see, Alice had learnt several -things of this sort in her lessons in the schoolroom, and though this -was not a VERY good opportunity for showing off her knowledge, as there -was no one to listen to her, still it was good practice to say it over) -'--yes, that's about the right distance--but then I wonder what Latitude -or Longitude I've got to?' (Alice had no idea what Latitude was, or -Longitude either, but thought they were nice grand words to say.) - -Presently she began again. 'I wonder if I shall fall right THROUGH the -earth! How funny it'll seem to come out among the people that walk with -their heads downward! The Antipathies, I think--' (she was rather glad -there WAS no one listening, this time, as it didn't sound at all the -right word) '--but I shall have to ask them what the name of the country -is, you know. Please, Ma'am, is this New Zealand or Australia?' (and -she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy CURTSEYING as you're falling -through the air! Do you think you could manage it?) 'And what an -ignorant little girl she'll think me for asking! No, it'll never do to -ask: perhaps I shall see it written up somewhere.' - -Down, down, down. There was nothing else to do, so Alice soon began -talking again. 'Dinah'll miss me very much to-night, I should think!' -(Dinah was the cat.) 'I hope they'll remember her saucer of milk at -tea-time. Dinah my dear! I wish you were down here with me! There are no -mice in the air, I'm afraid, but you might catch a bat, and that's very -like a mouse, you know. But do cats eat bats, I wonder?' And here Alice -began to get rather sleepy, and went on saying to herself, in a dreamy -sort of way, 'Do cats eat bats? Do cats eat bats?' and sometimes, 'Do -bats eat cats?' for, you see, as she couldn't answer either question, -it didn't much matter which way she put it. She felt that she was dozing -off, and had just begun to dream that she was walking hand in hand with -Dinah, and saying to her very earnestly, 'Now, Dinah, tell me the truth: -did you ever eat a bat?' when suddenly, thump! thump! down she came upon -a heap of sticks and dry leaves, and the fall was over. - -Alice was not a bit hurt, and she jumped up on to her feet in a moment: -she looked up, but it was all dark overhead; before her was another -long passage, and the White Rabbit was still in sight, hurrying down it. -There was not a moment to be lost: away went Alice like the wind, and -was just in time to hear it say, as it turned a corner, 'Oh my ears -and whiskers, how late it's getting!' She was close behind it when she -turned the corner, but the Rabbit was no longer to be seen: she found -herself in a long, low hall, which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging -from the roof. - -There were doors all round the hall, but they were all locked; and when -Alice had been all the way down one side and up the other, trying every -door, she walked sadly down the middle, wondering how she was ever to -get out again. - -Suddenly she came upon a little three-legged table, all made of solid -glass; there was nothing on it except a tiny golden key, and Alice's -first thought was that it might belong to one of the doors of the hall; -but, alas! either the locks were too large, or the key was too small, -but at any rate it would not open any of them. However, on the second -time round, she came upon a low curtain she had not noticed before, and -behind it was a little door about fifteen inches high: she tried the -little golden key in the lock, and to her great delight it fitted! - -Alice opened the door and found that it led into a small passage, not -much larger than a rat-hole: she knelt down and looked along the passage -into the loveliest garden you ever saw. How she longed to get out of -that dark hall, and wander about among those beds of bright flowers and -those cool fountains, but she could not even get her head through the -doorway; 'and even if my head would go through,' thought poor Alice, 'it -would be of very little use without my shoulders. Oh, how I wish I could -shut up like a telescope! I think I could, if I only know how to begin.' -For, you see, so many out-of-the-way things had happened lately, -that Alice had begun to think that very few things indeed were really -impossible. - -There seemed to be no use in waiting by the little door, so she went -back to the table, half hoping she might find another key on it, or at -any rate a book of rules for shutting people up like telescopes: this -time she found a little bottle on it, ('which certainly was not here -before,' said Alice,) and round the neck of the bottle was a paper -label, with the words 'DRINK ME' beautifully printed on it in large -letters. - -It was all very well to say 'Drink me,' but the wise little Alice was -not going to do THAT in a hurry. 'No, I'll look first,' she said, 'and -see whether it's marked "poison" or not'; for she had read several nice -little histories about children who had got burnt, and eaten up by wild -beasts and other unpleasant things, all because they WOULD not remember -the simple rules their friends had taught them: such as, that a red-hot -poker will burn you if you hold it too long; and that if you cut your -finger VERY deeply with a knife, it usually bleeds; and she had never -forgotten that, if you drink much from a bottle marked 'poison,' it is -almost certain to disagree with you, sooner or later. - -However, this bottle was NOT marked 'poison,' so Alice ventured to taste -it, and finding it very nice, (it had, in fact, a sort of mixed flavour -of cherry-tart, custard, pine-apple, roast turkey, toffee, and hot -buttered toast,) she very soon finished it off. - - * * * * * * * - - * * * * * * - - * * * * * * * - -'What a curious feeling!' said Alice; 'I must be shutting up like a -telescope.' - -And so it was indeed: she was now only ten inches high, and her face -brightened up at the thought that she was now the right size for going -through the little door into that lovely garden. First, however, she -waited for a few minutes to see if she was going to shrink any further: -she felt a little nervous about this; 'for it might end, you know,' said -Alice to herself, 'in my going out altogether, like a candle. I wonder -what I should be like then?' And she tried to fancy what the flame of a -candle is like after the candle is blown out, for she could not remember -ever having seen such a thing. - -After a while, finding that nothing more happened, she decided on going -into the garden at once; but, alas for poor Alice! when she got to the -door, she found she had forgotten the little golden key, and when she -went back to the table for it, she found she could not possibly reach -it: she could see it quite plainly through the glass, and she tried her -best to climb up one of the legs of the table, but it was too slippery; -and when she had tired herself out with trying, the poor little thing -sat down and cried. - -'Come, there's no use in crying like that!' said Alice to herself, -rather sharply; 'I advise you to leave off this minute!' She generally -gave herself very good advice, (though she very seldom followed it), -and sometimes she scolded herself so severely as to bring tears into -her eyes; and once she remembered trying to box her own ears for having -cheated herself in a game of croquet she was playing against herself, -for this curious child was very fond of pretending to be two people. -'But it's no use now,' thought poor Alice, 'to pretend to be two people! -Why, there's hardly enough of me left to make ONE respectable person!' - -Soon her eye fell on a little glass box that was lying under the table: -she opened it, and found in it a very small cake, on which the words -'EAT ME' were beautifully marked in currants. 'Well, I'll eat it,' said -Alice, 'and if it makes me grow larger, I can reach the key; and if it -makes me grow smaller, I can creep under the door; so either way I'll -get into the garden, and I don't care which happens!' - -She ate a little bit, and said anxiously to herself, 'Which way? Which -way?', holding her hand on the top of her head to feel which way it was -growing, and she was quite surprised to find that she remained the same -size: to be sure, this generally happens when one eats cake, but Alice -had got so much into the way of expecting nothing but out-of-the-way -things to happen, that it seemed quite dull and stupid for life to go on -in the common way. - -So she set to work, and very soon finished off the cake. - - * * * * * * * - - * * * * * * - - * * * * * * * - - - - -CHAPTER II. The Pool of Tears - -'Curiouser and curiouser!' cried Alice (she was so much surprised, that -for the moment she quite forgot how to speak good English); 'now I'm -opening out like the largest telescope that ever was! Good-bye, feet!' -(for when she looked down at her feet, they seemed to be almost out of -sight, they were getting so far off). 'Oh, my poor little feet, I wonder -who will put on your shoes and stockings for you now, dears? I'm sure -_I_ shan't be able! I shall be a great deal too far off to trouble -myself about you: you must manage the best way you can;--but I must be -kind to them,' thought Alice, 'or perhaps they won't walk the way I want -to go! Let me see: I'll give them a new pair of boots every Christmas.' - -And she went on planning to herself how she would manage it. 'They must -go by the carrier,' she thought; 'and how funny it'll seem, sending -presents to one's own feet! And how odd the directions will look! - - ALICE'S RIGHT FOOT, ESQ. - HEARTHRUG, - NEAR THE FENDER, - (WITH ALICE'S LOVE). - -Oh dear, what nonsense I'm talking!' - -Just then her head struck against the roof of the hall: in fact she was -now more than nine feet high, and she at once took up the little golden -key and hurried off to the garden door. - -Poor Alice! It was as much as she could do, lying down on one side, to -look through into the garden with one eye; but to get through was more -hopeless than ever: she sat down and began to cry again. - -'You ought to be ashamed of yourself,' said Alice, 'a great girl like -you,' (she might well say this), 'to go on crying in this way! Stop this -moment, I tell you!' But she went on all the same, shedding gallons of -tears, until there was a large pool all round her, about four inches -deep and reaching half down the hall. - -After a time she heard a little pattering of feet in the distance, and -she hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. It was the White -Rabbit returning, splendidly dressed, with a pair of white kid gloves in -one hand and a large fan in the other: he came trotting along in a great -hurry, muttering to himself as he came, 'Oh! the Duchess, the Duchess! -Oh! won't she be savage if I've kept her waiting!' Alice felt so -desperate that she was ready to ask help of any one; so, when the Rabbit -came near her, she began, in a low, timid voice, 'If you please, sir--' -The Rabbit started violently, dropped the white kid gloves and the fan, -and skurried away into the darkness as hard as he could go. - -Alice took up the fan and gloves, and, as the hall was very hot, she -kept fanning herself all the time she went on talking: 'Dear, dear! How -queer everything is to-day! And yesterday things went on just as usual. -I wonder if I've been changed in the night? Let me think: was I the -same when I got up this morning? I almost think I can remember feeling a -little different. But if I'm not the same, the next question is, Who -in the world am I? Ah, THAT'S the great puzzle!' And she began thinking -over all the children she knew that were of the same age as herself, to -see if she could have been changed for any of them. - -'I'm sure I'm not Ada,' she said, 'for her hair goes in such long -ringlets, and mine doesn't go in ringlets at all; and I'm sure I can't -be Mabel, for I know all sorts of things, and she, oh! she knows such a -very little! Besides, SHE'S she, and I'm I, and--oh dear, how puzzling -it all is! I'll try if I know all the things I used to know. Let me -see: four times five is twelve, and four times six is thirteen, and -four times seven is--oh dear! I shall never get to twenty at that rate! -However, the Multiplication Table doesn't signify: let's try Geography. -London is the capital of Paris, and Paris is the capital of Rome, and -Rome--no, THAT'S all wrong, I'm certain! I must have been changed for -Mabel! I'll try and say "How doth the little--"' and she crossed her -hands on her lap as if she were saying lessons, and began to repeat it, -but her voice sounded hoarse and strange, and the words did not come the -same as they used to do:-- - - 'How doth the little crocodile - Improve his shining tail, - And pour the waters of the Nile - On every golden scale! - - 'How cheerfully he seems to grin, - How neatly spread his claws, - And welcome little fishes in - With gently smiling jaws!' - -'I'm sure those are not the right words,' said poor Alice, and her eyes -filled with tears again as she went on, 'I must be Mabel after all, and -I shall have to go and live in that poky little house, and have next to -no toys to play with, and oh! ever so many lessons to learn! No, I've -made up my mind about it; if I'm Mabel, I'll stay down here! It'll be no -use their putting their heads down and saying "Come up again, dear!" I -shall only look up and say "Who am I then? Tell me that first, and then, -if I like being that person, I'll come up: if not, I'll stay down here -till I'm somebody else"--but, oh dear!' cried Alice, with a sudden burst -of tears, 'I do wish they WOULD put their heads down! I am so VERY tired -of being all alone here!' - -As she said this she looked down at her hands, and was surprised to see -that she had put on one of the Rabbit's little white kid gloves while -she was talking. 'How CAN I have done that?' she thought. 'I must -be growing small again.' She got up and went to the table to measure -herself by it, and found that, as nearly as she could guess, she was now -about two feet high, and was going on shrinking rapidly: she soon found -out that the cause of this was the fan she was holding, and she dropped -it hastily, just in time to avoid shrinking away altogether. - -'That WAS a narrow escape!' said Alice, a good deal frightened at the -sudden change, but very glad to find herself still in existence; 'and -now for the garden!' and she ran with all speed back to the little door: -but, alas! the little door was shut again, and the little golden key was -lying on the glass table as before, 'and things are worse than ever,' -thought the poor child, 'for I never was so small as this before, never! -And I declare it's too bad, that it is!' - -As she said these words her foot slipped, and in another moment, splash! -she was up to her chin in salt water. Her first idea was that she -had somehow fallen into the sea, 'and in that case I can go back by -railway,' she said to herself. (Alice had been to the seaside once in -her life, and had come to the general conclusion, that wherever you go -to on the English coast you find a number of bathing machines in the -sea, some children digging in the sand with wooden spades, then a row -of lodging houses, and behind them a railway station.) However, she soon -made out that she was in the pool of tears which she had wept when she -was nine feet high. - -'I wish I hadn't cried so much!' said Alice, as she swam about, trying -to find her way out. 'I shall be punished for it now, I suppose, by -being drowned in my own tears! That WILL be a queer thing, to be sure! -However, everything is queer to-day.' - -Just then she heard something splashing about in the pool a little way -off, and she swam nearer to make out what it was: at first she thought -it must be a walrus or hippopotamus, but then she remembered how small -she was now, and she soon made out that it was only a mouse that had -slipped in like herself. - -'Would it be of any use, now,' thought Alice, 'to speak to this mouse? -Everything is so out-of-the-way down here, that I should think very -likely it can talk: at any rate, there's no harm in trying.' So she -began: 'O Mouse, do you know the way out of this pool? I am very tired -of swimming about here, O Mouse!' (Alice thought this must be the right -way of speaking to a mouse: she had never done such a thing before, but -she remembered having seen in her brother's Latin Grammar, 'A mouse--of -a mouse--to a mouse--a mouse--O mouse!') The Mouse looked at her rather -inquisitively, and seemed to her to wink with one of its little eyes, -but it said nothing. - -'Perhaps it doesn't understand English,' thought Alice; 'I daresay it's -a French mouse, come over with William the Conqueror.' (For, with all -her knowledge of history, Alice had no very clear notion how long ago -anything had happened.) So she began again: 'Ou est ma chatte?' which -was the first sentence in her French lesson-book. The Mouse gave a -sudden leap out of the water, and seemed to quiver all over with fright. -'Oh, I beg your pardon!' cried Alice hastily, afraid that she had hurt -the poor animal's feelings. 'I quite forgot you didn't like cats.' - -'Not like cats!' cried the Mouse, in a shrill, passionate voice. 'Would -YOU like cats if you were me?' - -'Well, perhaps not,' said Alice in a soothing tone: 'don't be angry -about it. And yet I wish I could show you our cat Dinah: I think you'd -take a fancy to cats if you could only see her. She is such a dear quiet -thing,' Alice went on, half to herself, as she swam lazily about in the -pool, 'and she sits purring so nicely by the fire, licking her paws and -washing her face--and she is such a nice soft thing to nurse--and she's -such a capital one for catching mice--oh, I beg your pardon!' cried -Alice again, for this time the Mouse was bristling all over, and she -felt certain it must be really offended. 'We won't talk about her any -more if you'd rather not.' - -'We indeed!' cried the Mouse, who was trembling down to the end of his -tail. 'As if I would talk on such a subject! Our family always HATED -cats: nasty, low, vulgar things! Don't let me hear the name again!' - -'I won't indeed!' said Alice, in a great hurry to change the subject of -conversation. 'Are you--are you fond--of--of dogs?' The Mouse did not -answer, so Alice went on eagerly: 'There is such a nice little dog near -our house I should like to show you! A little bright-eyed terrier, you -know, with oh, such long curly brown hair! And it'll fetch things when -you throw them, and it'll sit up and beg for its dinner, and all sorts -of things--I can't remember half of them--and it belongs to a farmer, -you know, and he says it's so useful, it's worth a hundred pounds! He -says it kills all the rats and--oh dear!' cried Alice in a sorrowful -tone, 'I'm afraid I've offended it again!' For the Mouse was swimming -away from her as hard as it could go, and making quite a commotion in -the pool as it went. - -So she called softly after it, 'Mouse dear! Do come back again, and we -won't talk about cats or dogs either, if you don't like them!' When the -Mouse heard this, it turned round and swam slowly back to her: its -face was quite pale (with passion, Alice thought), and it said in a low -trembling voice, 'Let us get to the shore, and then I'll tell you my -history, and you'll understand why it is I hate cats and dogs.' - -It was high time to go, for the pool was getting quite crowded with the -birds and animals that had fallen into it: there were a Duck and a Dodo, -a Lory and an Eaglet, and several other curious creatures. Alice led the -way, and the whole party swam to the shore. - - - - -CHAPTER III. A Caucus-Race and a Long Tale - -They were indeed a queer-looking party that assembled on the bank--the -birds with draggled feathers, the animals with their fur clinging close -to them, and all dripping wet, cross, and uncomfortable. - -The first question of course was, how to get dry again: they had a -consultation about this, and after a few minutes it seemed quite natural -to Alice to find herself talking familiarly with them, as if she had -known them all her life. Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the -Lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, 'I am older than -you, and must know better'; and this Alice would not allow without -knowing how old it was, and, as the Lory positively refused to tell its -age, there was no more to be said. - -At last the Mouse, who seemed to be a person of authority among them, -called out, 'Sit down, all of you, and listen to me! I'LL soon make you -dry enough!' They all sat down at once, in a large ring, with the Mouse -in the middle. Alice kept her eyes anxiously fixed on it, for she felt -sure she would catch a bad cold if she did not get dry very soon. - -'Ahem!' said the Mouse with an important air, 'are you all ready? This -is the driest thing I know. Silence all round, if you please! "William -the Conqueror, whose cause was favoured by the pope, was soon submitted -to by the English, who wanted leaders, and had been of late much -accustomed to usurpation and conquest. Edwin and Morcar, the earls of -Mercia and Northumbria--"' - -'Ugh!' said the Lory, with a shiver. - -'I beg your pardon!' said the Mouse, frowning, but very politely: 'Did -you speak?' - -'Not I!' said the Lory hastily. - -'I thought you did,' said the Mouse. '--I proceed. "Edwin and Morcar, -the earls of Mercia and Northumbria, declared for him: and even Stigand, -the patriotic archbishop of Canterbury, found it advisable--"' - -'Found WHAT?' said the Duck. - -'Found IT,' the Mouse replied rather crossly: 'of course you know what -"it" means.' - -'I know what "it" means well enough, when I find a thing,' said the -Duck: 'it's generally a frog or a worm. The question is, what did the -archbishop find?' - -The Mouse did not notice this question, but hurriedly went on, '"--found -it advisable to go with Edgar Atheling to meet William and offer him the -crown. William's conduct at first was moderate. But the insolence of his -Normans--" How are you getting on now, my dear?' it continued, turning -to Alice as it spoke. - -'As wet as ever,' said Alice in a melancholy tone: 'it doesn't seem to -dry me at all.' - -'In that case,' said the Dodo solemnly, rising to its feet, 'I move -that the meeting adjourn, for the immediate adoption of more energetic -remedies--' - -'Speak English!' said the Eaglet. 'I don't know the meaning of half -those long words, and, what's more, I don't believe you do either!' And -the Eaglet bent down its head to hide a smile: some of the other birds -tittered audibly. - -'What I was going to say,' said the Dodo in an offended tone, 'was, that -the best thing to get us dry would be a Caucus-race.' - -'What IS a Caucus-race?' said Alice; not that she wanted much to know, -but the Dodo had paused as if it thought that SOMEBODY ought to speak, -and no one else seemed inclined to say anything. - -'Why,' said the Dodo, 'the best way to explain it is to do it.' (And, as -you might like to try the thing yourself, some winter day, I will tell -you how the Dodo managed it.) - -First it marked out a race-course, in a sort of circle, ('the exact -shape doesn't matter,' it said,) and then all the party were placed -along the course, here and there. There was no 'One, two, three, and -away,' but they began running when they liked, and left off when they -liked, so that it was not easy to know when the race was over. However, -when they had been running half an hour or so, and were quite dry again, -the Dodo suddenly called out 'The race is over!' and they all crowded -round it, panting, and asking, 'But who has won?' - -This question the Dodo could not answer without a great deal of thought, -and it sat for a long time with one finger pressed upon its forehead -(the position in which you usually see Shakespeare, in the pictures -of him), while the rest waited in silence. At last the Dodo said, -'EVERYBODY has won, and all must have prizes.' - -'But who is to give the prizes?' quite a chorus of voices asked. - -'Why, SHE, of course,' said the Dodo, pointing to Alice with one finger; -and the whole party at once crowded round her, calling out in a confused -way, 'Prizes! Prizes!' - -Alice had no idea what to do, and in despair she put her hand in her -pocket, and pulled out a box of comfits, (luckily the salt water had -not got into it), and handed them round as prizes. There was exactly one -a-piece all round. - -'But she must have a prize herself, you know,' said the Mouse. - -'Of course,' the Dodo replied very gravely. 'What else have you got in -your pocket?' he went on, turning to Alice. - -'Only a thimble,' said Alice sadly. - -'Hand it over here,' said the Dodo. - -Then they all crowded round her once more, while the Dodo solemnly -presented the thimble, saying 'We beg your acceptance of this elegant -thimble'; and, when it had finished this short speech, they all cheered. - -Alice thought the whole thing very absurd, but they all looked so grave -that she did not dare to laugh; and, as she could not think of anything -to say, she simply bowed, and took the thimble, looking as solemn as she -could. - -The next thing was to eat the comfits: this caused some noise and -confusion, as the large birds complained that they could not taste -theirs, and the small ones choked and had to be patted on the back. -However, it was over at last, and they sat down again in a ring, and -begged the Mouse to tell them something more. - -'You promised to tell me your history, you know,' said Alice, 'and why -it is you hate--C and D,' she added in a whisper, half afraid that it -would be offended again. - -'Mine is a long and a sad tale!' said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and -sighing. - -'It IS a long tail, certainly,' said Alice, looking down with wonder at -the Mouse's tail; 'but why do you call it sad?' And she kept on puzzling -about it while the Mouse was speaking, so that her idea of the tale was -something like this:-- - - 'Fury said to a - mouse, That he - met in the - house, - "Let us - both go to - law: I will - prosecute - YOU.--Come, - I'll take no - denial; We - must have a - trial: For - really this - morning I've - nothing - to do." - Said the - mouse to the - cur, "Such - a trial, - dear Sir, - With - no jury - or judge, - would be - wasting - our - breath." - "I'll be - judge, I'll - be jury," - Said - cunning - old Fury: - "I'll - try the - whole - cause, - and - condemn - you - to - death."' - - -'You are not attending!' said the Mouse to Alice severely. 'What are you -thinking of?' - -'I beg your pardon,' said Alice very humbly: 'you had got to the fifth -bend, I think?' - -'I had NOT!' cried the Mouse, sharply and very angrily. - -'A knot!' said Alice, always ready to make herself useful, and looking -anxiously about her. 'Oh, do let me help to undo it!' - -'I shall do nothing of the sort,' said the Mouse, getting up and walking -away. 'You insult me by talking such nonsense!' - -'I didn't mean it!' pleaded poor Alice. 'But you're so easily offended, -you know!' - -The Mouse only growled in reply. - -'Please come back and finish your story!' Alice called after it; and the -others all joined in chorus, 'Yes, please do!' but the Mouse only shook -its head impatiently, and walked a little quicker. - -'What a pity it wouldn't stay!' sighed the Lory, as soon as it was quite -out of sight; and an old Crab took the opportunity of saying to her -daughter 'Ah, my dear! Let this be a lesson to you never to lose -YOUR temper!' 'Hold your tongue, Ma!' said the young Crab, a little -snappishly. 'You're enough to try the patience of an oyster!' - -'I wish I had our Dinah here, I know I do!' said Alice aloud, addressing -nobody in particular. 'She'd soon fetch it back!' - -'And who is Dinah, if I might venture to ask the question?' said the -Lory. - -Alice replied eagerly, for she was always ready to talk about her pet: -'Dinah's our cat. And she's such a capital one for catching mice you -can't think! And oh, I wish you could see her after the birds! Why, -she'll eat a little bird as soon as look at it!' - -This speech caused a remarkable sensation among the party. Some of the -birds hurried off at once: one old Magpie began wrapping itself up very -carefully, remarking, 'I really must be getting home; the night-air -doesn't suit my throat!' and a Canary called out in a trembling voice to -its children, 'Come away, my dears! It's high time you were all in bed!' -On various pretexts they all moved off, and Alice was soon left alone. - -'I wish I hadn't mentioned Dinah!' she said to herself in a melancholy -tone. 'Nobody seems to like her, down here, and I'm sure she's the best -cat in the world! Oh, my dear Dinah! I wonder if I shall ever see you -any more!' And here poor Alice began to cry again, for she felt very -lonely and low-spirited. In a little while, however, she again heard -a little pattering of footsteps in the distance, and she looked up -eagerly, half hoping that the Mouse had changed his mind, and was coming -back to finish his story. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. The Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill - -It was the White Rabbit, trotting slowly back again, and looking -anxiously about as it went, as if it had lost something; and she heard -it muttering to itself 'The Duchess! The Duchess! Oh my dear paws! Oh -my fur and whiskers! She'll get me executed, as sure as ferrets are -ferrets! Where CAN I have dropped them, I wonder?' Alice guessed in a -moment that it was looking for the fan and the pair of white kid gloves, -and she very good-naturedly began hunting about for them, but they were -nowhere to be seen--everything seemed to have changed since her swim in -the pool, and the great hall, with the glass table and the little door, -had vanished completely. - -Very soon the Rabbit noticed Alice, as she went hunting about, and -called out to her in an angry tone, 'Why, Mary Ann, what ARE you doing -out here? Run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan! -Quick, now!' And Alice was so much frightened that she ran off at once -in the direction it pointed to, without trying to explain the mistake it -had made. - -'He took me for his housemaid,' she said to herself as she ran. 'How -surprised he'll be when he finds out who I am! But I'd better take him -his fan and gloves--that is, if I can find them.' As she said this, she -came upon a neat little house, on the door of which was a bright brass -plate with the name 'W. RABBIT' engraved upon it. She went in without -knocking, and hurried upstairs, in great fear lest she should meet the -real Mary Ann, and be turned out of the house before she had found the -fan and gloves. - -'How queer it seems,' Alice said to herself, 'to be going messages for -a rabbit! I suppose Dinah'll be sending me on messages next!' And she -began fancying the sort of thing that would happen: '"Miss Alice! Come -here directly, and get ready for your walk!" "Coming in a minute, -nurse! But I've got to see that the mouse doesn't get out." Only I don't -think,' Alice went on, 'that they'd let Dinah stop in the house if it -began ordering people about like that!' - -By this time she had found her way into a tidy little room with a table -in the window, and on it (as she had hoped) a fan and two or three pairs -of tiny white kid gloves: she took up the fan and a pair of the gloves, -and was just going to leave the room, when her eye fell upon a little -bottle that stood near the looking-glass. There was no label this time -with the words 'DRINK ME,' but nevertheless she uncorked it and put it -to her lips. 'I know SOMETHING interesting is sure to happen,' she said -to herself, 'whenever I eat or drink anything; so I'll just see what -this bottle does. I do hope it'll make me grow large again, for really -I'm quite tired of being such a tiny little thing!' - -It did so indeed, and much sooner than she had expected: before she had -drunk half the bottle, she found her head pressing against the ceiling, -and had to stoop to save her neck from being broken. She hastily put -down the bottle, saying to herself 'That's quite enough--I hope I shan't -grow any more--As it is, I can't get out at the door--I do wish I hadn't -drunk quite so much!' - -Alas! it was too late to wish that! She went on growing, and growing, -and very soon had to kneel down on the floor: in another minute there -was not even room for this, and she tried the effect of lying down with -one elbow against the door, and the other arm curled round her head. -Still she went on growing, and, as a last resource, she put one arm out -of the window, and one foot up the chimney, and said to herself 'Now I -can do no more, whatever happens. What WILL become of me?' - -Luckily for Alice, the little magic bottle had now had its full effect, -and she grew no larger: still it was very uncomfortable, and, as there -seemed to be no sort of chance of her ever getting out of the room -again, no wonder she felt unhappy. - -'It was much pleasanter at home,' thought poor Alice, 'when one wasn't -always growing larger and smaller, and being ordered about by mice and -rabbits. I almost wish I hadn't gone down that rabbit-hole--and yet--and -yet--it's rather curious, you know, this sort of life! I do wonder what -CAN have happened to me! When I used to read fairy-tales, I fancied that -kind of thing never happened, and now here I am in the middle of one! -There ought to be a book written about me, that there ought! And when I -grow up, I'll write one--but I'm grown up now,' she added in a sorrowful -tone; 'at least there's no room to grow up any more HERE.' - -'But then,' thought Alice, 'shall I NEVER get any older than I am -now? That'll be a comfort, one way--never to be an old woman--but -then--always to have lessons to learn! Oh, I shouldn't like THAT!' - -'Oh, you foolish Alice!' she answered herself. 'How can you learn -lessons in here? Why, there's hardly room for YOU, and no room at all -for any lesson-books!' - -And so she went on, taking first one side and then the other, and making -quite a conversation of it altogether; but after a few minutes she heard -a voice outside, and stopped to listen. - -'Mary Ann! Mary Ann!' said the voice. 'Fetch me my gloves this moment!' -Then came a little pattering of feet on the stairs. Alice knew it was -the Rabbit coming to look for her, and she trembled till she shook the -house, quite forgetting that she was now about a thousand times as large -as the Rabbit, and had no reason to be afraid of it. - -Presently the Rabbit came up to the door, and tried to open it; but, as -the door opened inwards, and Alice's elbow was pressed hard against it, -that attempt proved a failure. Alice heard it say to itself 'Then I'll -go round and get in at the window.' - -'THAT you won't' thought Alice, and, after waiting till she fancied -she heard the Rabbit just under the window, she suddenly spread out her -hand, and made a snatch in the air. She did not get hold of anything, -but she heard a little shriek and a fall, and a crash of broken glass, -from which she concluded that it was just possible it had fallen into a -cucumber-frame, or something of the sort. - -Next came an angry voice--the Rabbit's--'Pat! Pat! Where are you?' And -then a voice she had never heard before, 'Sure then I'm here! Digging -for apples, yer honour!' - -'Digging for apples, indeed!' said the Rabbit angrily. 'Here! Come and -help me out of THIS!' (Sounds of more broken glass.) - -'Now tell me, Pat, what's that in the window?' - -'Sure, it's an arm, yer honour!' (He pronounced it 'arrum.') - -'An arm, you goose! Who ever saw one that size? Why, it fills the whole -window!' - -'Sure, it does, yer honour: but it's an arm for all that.' - -'Well, it's got no business there, at any rate: go and take it away!' - -There was a long silence after this, and Alice could only hear whispers -now and then; such as, 'Sure, I don't like it, yer honour, at all, at -all!' 'Do as I tell you, you coward!' and at last she spread out her -hand again, and made another snatch in the air. This time there were -TWO little shrieks, and more sounds of broken glass. 'What a number of -cucumber-frames there must be!' thought Alice. 'I wonder what they'll do -next! As for pulling me out of the window, I only wish they COULD! I'm -sure I don't want to stay in here any longer!' - -She waited for some time without hearing anything more: at last came a -rumbling of little cartwheels, and the sound of a good many voices -all talking together: she made out the words: 'Where's the other -ladder?--Why, I hadn't to bring but one; Bill's got the other--Bill! -fetch it here, lad!--Here, put 'em up at this corner--No, tie 'em -together first--they don't reach half high enough yet--Oh! they'll -do well enough; don't be particular--Here, Bill! catch hold of this -rope--Will the roof bear?--Mind that loose slate--Oh, it's coming -down! Heads below!' (a loud crash)--'Now, who did that?--It was Bill, I -fancy--Who's to go down the chimney?--Nay, I shan't! YOU do it!--That I -won't, then!--Bill's to go down--Here, Bill! the master says you're to -go down the chimney!' - -'Oh! So Bill's got to come down the chimney, has he?' said Alice to -herself. 'Shy, they seem to put everything upon Bill! I wouldn't be in -Bill's place for a good deal: this fireplace is narrow, to be sure; but -I THINK I can kick a little!' - -She drew her foot as far down the chimney as she could, and waited -till she heard a little animal (she couldn't guess of what sort it was) -scratching and scrambling about in the chimney close above her: then, -saying to herself 'This is Bill,' she gave one sharp kick, and waited to -see what would happen next. - -The first thing she heard was a general chorus of 'There goes Bill!' -then the Rabbit's voice along--'Catch him, you by the hedge!' then -silence, and then another confusion of voices--'Hold up his head--Brandy -now--Don't choke him--How was it, old fellow? What happened to you? Tell -us all about it!' - -Last came a little feeble, squeaking voice, ('That's Bill,' thought -Alice,) 'Well, I hardly know--No more, thank ye; I'm better now--but I'm -a deal too flustered to tell you--all I know is, something comes at me -like a Jack-in-the-box, and up I goes like a sky-rocket!' - -'So you did, old fellow!' said the others. - -'We must burn the house down!' said the Rabbit's voice; and Alice called -out as loud as she could, 'If you do. I'll set Dinah at you!' - -There was a dead silence instantly, and Alice thought to herself, 'I -wonder what they WILL do next! If they had any sense, they'd take the -roof off.' After a minute or two, they began moving about again, and -Alice heard the Rabbit say, 'A barrowful will do, to begin with.' - -'A barrowful of WHAT?' thought Alice; but she had not long to doubt, -for the next moment a shower of little pebbles came rattling in at the -window, and some of them hit her in the face. 'I'll put a stop to this,' -she said to herself, and shouted out, 'You'd better not do that again!' -which produced another dead silence. - -Alice noticed with some surprise that the pebbles were all turning into -little cakes as they lay on the floor, and a bright idea came into her -head. 'If I eat one of these cakes,' she thought, 'it's sure to make -SOME change in my size; and as it can't possibly make me larger, it must -make me smaller, I suppose.' - -So she swallowed one of the cakes, and was delighted to find that she -began shrinking directly. As soon as she was small enough to get through -the door, she ran out of the house, and found quite a crowd of little -animals and birds waiting outside. The poor little Lizard, Bill, was -in the middle, being held up by two guinea-pigs, who were giving it -something out of a bottle. They all made a rush at Alice the moment she -appeared; but she ran off as hard as she could, and soon found herself -safe in a thick wood. - -'The first thing I've got to do,' said Alice to herself, as she wandered -about in the wood, 'is to grow to my right size again; and the second -thing is to find my way into that lovely garden. I think that will be -the best plan.' - -It sounded an excellent plan, no doubt, and very neatly and simply -arranged; the only difficulty was, that she had not the smallest idea -how to set about it; and while she was peering about anxiously among -the trees, a little sharp bark just over her head made her look up in a -great hurry. - -An enormous puppy was looking down at her with large round eyes, and -feebly stretching out one paw, trying to touch her. 'Poor little thing!' -said Alice, in a coaxing tone, and she tried hard to whistle to it; but -she was terribly frightened all the time at the thought that it might be -hungry, in which case it would be very likely to eat her up in spite of -all her coaxing. - -Hardly knowing what she did, she picked up a little bit of stick, and -held it out to the puppy; whereupon the puppy jumped into the air off -all its feet at once, with a yelp of delight, and rushed at the stick, -and made believe to worry it; then Alice dodged behind a great thistle, -to keep herself from being run over; and the moment she appeared on the -other side, the puppy made another rush at the stick, and tumbled head -over heels in its hurry to get hold of it; then Alice, thinking it was -very like having a game of play with a cart-horse, and expecting every -moment to be trampled under its feet, ran round the thistle again; then -the puppy began a series of short charges at the stick, running a very -little way forwards each time and a long way back, and barking hoarsely -all the while, till at last it sat down a good way off, panting, with -its tongue hanging out of its mouth, and its great eyes half shut. - -This seemed to Alice a good opportunity for making her escape; so she -set off at once, and ran till she was quite tired and out of breath, and -till the puppy's bark sounded quite faint in the distance. - -'And yet what a dear little puppy it was!' said Alice, as she leant -against a buttercup to rest herself, and fanned herself with one of the -leaves: 'I should have liked teaching it tricks very much, if--if I'd -only been the right size to do it! Oh dear! I'd nearly forgotten that -I've got to grow up again! Let me see--how IS it to be managed? I -suppose I ought to eat or drink something or other; but the great -question is, what?' - -The great question certainly was, what? Alice looked all round her at -the flowers and the blades of grass, but she did not see anything that -looked like the right thing to eat or drink under the circumstances. -There was a large mushroom growing near her, about the same height as -herself; and when she had looked under it, and on both sides of it, and -behind it, it occurred to her that she might as well look and see what -was on the top of it. - -She stretched herself up on tiptoe, and peeped over the edge of the -mushroom, and her eyes immediately met those of a large caterpillar, -that was sitting on the top with its arms folded, quietly smoking a long -hookah, and taking not the smallest notice of her or of anything else. - - - - -CHAPTER V. Advice from a Caterpillar - -The Caterpillar and Alice looked at each other for some time in silence: -at last the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth, and addressed -her in a languid, sleepy voice. - -'Who are YOU?' said the Caterpillar. - -This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied, -rather shyly, 'I--I hardly know, sir, just at present--at least I know -who I WAS when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been -changed several times since then.' - -'What do you mean by that?' said the Caterpillar sternly. 'Explain -yourself!' - -'I can't explain MYSELF, I'm afraid, sir' said Alice, 'because I'm not -myself, you see.' - -'I don't see,' said the Caterpillar. - -'I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,' Alice replied very politely, -'for I can't understand it myself to begin with; and being so many -different sizes in a day is very confusing.' - -'It isn't,' said the Caterpillar. - -'Well, perhaps you haven't found it so yet,' said Alice; 'but when you -have to turn into a chrysalis--you will some day, you know--and then -after that into a butterfly, I should think you'll feel it a little -queer, won't you?' - -'Not a bit,' said the Caterpillar. - -'Well, perhaps your feelings may be different,' said Alice; 'all I know -is, it would feel very queer to ME.' - -'You!' said the Caterpillar contemptuously. 'Who are YOU?' - -Which brought them back again to the beginning of the conversation. -Alice felt a little irritated at the Caterpillar's making such VERY -short remarks, and she drew herself up and said, very gravely, 'I think, -you ought to tell me who YOU are, first.' - -'Why?' said the Caterpillar. - -Here was another puzzling question; and as Alice could not think of any -good reason, and as the Caterpillar seemed to be in a VERY unpleasant -state of mind, she turned away. - -'Come back!' the Caterpillar called after her. 'I've something important -to say!' - -This sounded promising, certainly: Alice turned and came back again. - -'Keep your temper,' said the Caterpillar. - -'Is that all?' said Alice, swallowing down her anger as well as she -could. - -'No,' said the Caterpillar. - -Alice thought she might as well wait, as she had nothing else to do, and -perhaps after all it might tell her something worth hearing. For some -minutes it puffed away without speaking, but at last it unfolded its -arms, took the hookah out of its mouth again, and said, 'So you think -you're changed, do you?' - -'I'm afraid I am, sir,' said Alice; 'I can't remember things as I -used--and I don't keep the same size for ten minutes together!' - -'Can't remember WHAT things?' said the Caterpillar. - -'Well, I've tried to say "HOW DOTH THE LITTLE BUSY BEE," but it all came -different!' Alice replied in a very melancholy voice. - -'Repeat, "YOU ARE OLD, FATHER WILLIAM,"' said the Caterpillar. - -Alice folded her hands, and began:-- - - 'You are old, Father William,' the young man said, - 'And your hair has become very white; - And yet you incessantly stand on your head-- - Do you think, at your age, it is right?' - - 'In my youth,' Father William replied to his son, - 'I feared it might injure the brain; - But, now that I'm perfectly sure I have none, - Why, I do it again and again.' - - 'You are old,' said the youth, 'as I mentioned before, - And have grown most uncommonly fat; - Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door-- - Pray, what is the reason of that?' - - 'In my youth,' said the sage, as he shook his grey locks, - 'I kept all my limbs very supple - By the use of this ointment--one shilling the box-- - Allow me to sell you a couple?' - - 'You are old,' said the youth, 'and your jaws are too weak - For anything tougher than suet; - Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak-- - Pray how did you manage to do it?' - - 'In my youth,' said his father, 'I took to the law, - And argued each case with my wife; - And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw, - Has lasted the rest of my life.' - - 'You are old,' said the youth, 'one would hardly suppose - That your eye was as steady as ever; - Yet you balanced an eel on the end of your nose-- - What made you so awfully clever?' - - 'I have answered three questions, and that is enough,' - Said his father; 'don't give yourself airs! - Do you think I can listen all day to such stuff? - Be off, or I'll kick you down stairs!' - - -'That is not said right,' said the Caterpillar. - -'Not QUITE right, I'm afraid,' said Alice, timidly; 'some of the words -have got altered.' - -'It is wrong from beginning to end,' said the Caterpillar decidedly, and -there was silence for some minutes. - -The Caterpillar was the first to speak. - -'What size do you want to be?' it asked. - -'Oh, I'm not particular as to size,' Alice hastily replied; 'only one -doesn't like changing so often, you know.' - -'I DON'T know,' said the Caterpillar. - -Alice said nothing: she had never been so much contradicted in her life -before, and she felt that she was losing her temper. - -'Are you content now?' said the Caterpillar. - -'Well, I should like to be a LITTLE larger, sir, if you wouldn't mind,' -said Alice: 'three inches is such a wretched height to be.' - -'It is a very good height indeed!' said the Caterpillar angrily, rearing -itself upright as it spoke (it was exactly three inches high). - -'But I'm not used to it!' pleaded poor Alice in a piteous tone. And -she thought of herself, 'I wish the creatures wouldn't be so easily -offended!' - -'You'll get used to it in time,' said the Caterpillar; and it put the -hookah into its mouth and began smoking again. - -This time Alice waited patiently until it chose to speak again. In -a minute or two the Caterpillar took the hookah out of its mouth -and yawned once or twice, and shook itself. Then it got down off the -mushroom, and crawled away in the grass, merely remarking as it went, -'One side will make you grow taller, and the other side will make you -grow shorter.' - -'One side of WHAT? The other side of WHAT?' thought Alice to herself. - -'Of the mushroom,' said the Caterpillar, just as if she had asked it -aloud; and in another moment it was out of sight. - -Alice remained looking thoughtfully at the mushroom for a minute, trying -to make out which were the two sides of it; and as it was perfectly -round, she found this a very difficult question. However, at last she -stretched her arms round it as far as they would go, and broke off a bit -of the edge with each hand. - -'And now which is which?' she said to herself, and nibbled a little of -the right-hand bit to try the effect: the next moment she felt a violent -blow underneath her chin: it had struck her foot! - -She was a good deal frightened by this very sudden change, but she felt -that there was no time to be lost, as she was shrinking rapidly; so she -set to work at once to eat some of the other bit. Her chin was pressed -so closely against her foot, that there was hardly room to open her -mouth; but she did it at last, and managed to swallow a morsel of the -lefthand bit. - - - * * * * * * * - - * * * * * * - - * * * * * * * - -'Come, my head's free at last!' said Alice in a tone of delight, which -changed into alarm in another moment, when she found that her shoulders -were nowhere to be found: all she could see, when she looked down, was -an immense length of neck, which seemed to rise like a stalk out of a -sea of green leaves that lay far below her. - -'What CAN all that green stuff be?' said Alice. 'And where HAVE my -shoulders got to? And oh, my poor hands, how is it I can't see you?' -She was moving them about as she spoke, but no result seemed to follow, -except a little shaking among the distant green leaves. - -As there seemed to be no chance of getting her hands up to her head, she -tried to get her head down to them, and was delighted to find that her -neck would bend about easily in any direction, like a serpent. She had -just succeeded in curving it down into a graceful zigzag, and was going -to dive in among the leaves, which she found to be nothing but the tops -of the trees under which she had been wandering, when a sharp hiss made -her draw back in a hurry: a large pigeon had flown into her face, and -was beating her violently with its wings. - -'Serpent!' screamed the Pigeon. - -'I'm NOT a serpent!' said Alice indignantly. 'Let me alone!' - -'Serpent, I say again!' repeated the Pigeon, but in a more subdued tone, -and added with a kind of sob, 'I've tried every way, and nothing seems -to suit them!' - -'I haven't the least idea what you're talking about,' said Alice. - -'I've tried the roots of trees, and I've tried banks, and I've tried -hedges,' the Pigeon went on, without attending to her; 'but those -serpents! There's no pleasing them!' - -Alice was more and more puzzled, but she thought there was no use in -saying anything more till the Pigeon had finished. - -'As if it wasn't trouble enough hatching the eggs,' said the Pigeon; -'but I must be on the look-out for serpents night and day! Why, I -haven't had a wink of sleep these three weeks!' - -'I'm very sorry you've been annoyed,' said Alice, who was beginning to -see its meaning. - -'And just as I'd taken the highest tree in the wood,' continued the -Pigeon, raising its voice to a shriek, 'and just as I was thinking I -should be free of them at last, they must needs come wriggling down from -the sky! Ugh, Serpent!' - -'But I'm NOT a serpent, I tell you!' said Alice. 'I'm a--I'm a--' - -'Well! WHAT are you?' said the Pigeon. 'I can see you're trying to -invent something!' - -'I--I'm a little girl,' said Alice, rather doubtfully, as she remembered -the number of changes she had gone through that day. - -'A likely story indeed!' said the Pigeon in a tone of the deepest -contempt. 'I've seen a good many little girls in my time, but never ONE -with such a neck as that! No, no! You're a serpent; and there's no use -denying it. I suppose you'll be telling me next that you never tasted an -egg!' - -'I HAVE tasted eggs, certainly,' said Alice, who was a very truthful -child; 'but little girls eat eggs quite as much as serpents do, you -know.' - -'I don't believe it,' said the Pigeon; 'but if they do, why then they're -a kind of serpent, that's all I can say.' - -This was such a new idea to Alice, that she was quite silent for a -minute or two, which gave the Pigeon the opportunity of adding, 'You're -looking for eggs, I know THAT well enough; and what does it matter to me -whether you're a little girl or a serpent?' - -'It matters a good deal to ME,' said Alice hastily; 'but I'm not looking -for eggs, as it happens; and if I was, I shouldn't want YOURS: I don't -like them raw.' - -'Well, be off, then!' said the Pigeon in a sulky tone, as it settled -down again into its nest. Alice crouched down among the trees as well as -she could, for her neck kept getting entangled among the branches, and -every now and then she had to stop and untwist it. After a while she -remembered that she still held the pieces of mushroom in her hands, and -she set to work very carefully, nibbling first at one and then at the -other, and growing sometimes taller and sometimes shorter, until she had -succeeded in bringing herself down to her usual height. - -It was so long since she had been anything near the right size, that it -felt quite strange at first; but she got used to it in a few minutes, -and began talking to herself, as usual. 'Come, there's half my plan done -now! How puzzling all these changes are! I'm never sure what I'm going -to be, from one minute to another! However, I've got back to my right -size: the next thing is, to get into that beautiful garden--how IS that -to be done, I wonder?' As she said this, she came suddenly upon an open -place, with a little house in it about four feet high. 'Whoever lives -there,' thought Alice, 'it'll never do to come upon them THIS size: why, -I should frighten them out of their wits!' So she began nibbling at the -righthand bit again, and did not venture to go near the house till she -had brought herself down to nine inches high. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. Pig and Pepper - -For a minute or two she stood looking at the house, and wondering what -to do next, when suddenly a footman in livery came running out of the -wood--(she considered him to be a footman because he was in livery: -otherwise, judging by his face only, she would have called him a -fish)--and rapped loudly at the door with his knuckles. It was opened -by another footman in livery, with a round face, and large eyes like a -frog; and both footmen, Alice noticed, had powdered hair that curled all -over their heads. She felt very curious to know what it was all about, -and crept a little way out of the wood to listen. - -The Fish-Footman began by producing from under his arm a great letter, -nearly as large as himself, and this he handed over to the other, -saying, in a solemn tone, 'For the Duchess. An invitation from the Queen -to play croquet.' The Frog-Footman repeated, in the same solemn tone, -only changing the order of the words a little, 'From the Queen. An -invitation for the Duchess to play croquet.' - -Then they both bowed low, and their curls got entangled together. - -Alice laughed so much at this, that she had to run back into the -wood for fear of their hearing her; and when she next peeped out the -Fish-Footman was gone, and the other was sitting on the ground near the -door, staring stupidly up into the sky. - -Alice went timidly up to the door, and knocked. - -'There's no sort of use in knocking,' said the Footman, 'and that for -two reasons. First, because I'm on the same side of the door as you -are; secondly, because they're making such a noise inside, no one could -possibly hear you.' And certainly there was a most extraordinary noise -going on within--a constant howling and sneezing, and every now and then -a great crash, as if a dish or kettle had been broken to pieces. - -'Please, then,' said Alice, 'how am I to get in?' - -'There might be some sense in your knocking,' the Footman went on -without attending to her, 'if we had the door between us. For instance, -if you were INSIDE, you might knock, and I could let you out, you know.' -He was looking up into the sky all the time he was speaking, and this -Alice thought decidedly uncivil. 'But perhaps he can't help it,' she -said to herself; 'his eyes are so VERY nearly at the top of his head. -But at any rate he might answer questions.--How am I to get in?' she -repeated, aloud. - -'I shall sit here,' the Footman remarked, 'till tomorrow--' - -At this moment the door of the house opened, and a large plate came -skimming out, straight at the Footman's head: it just grazed his nose, -and broke to pieces against one of the trees behind him. - -'--or next day, maybe,' the Footman continued in the same tone, exactly -as if nothing had happened. - -'How am I to get in?' asked Alice again, in a louder tone. - -'ARE you to get in at all?' said the Footman. 'That's the first -question, you know.' - -It was, no doubt: only Alice did not like to be told so. 'It's really -dreadful,' she muttered to herself, 'the way all the creatures argue. -It's enough to drive one crazy!' - -The Footman seemed to think this a good opportunity for repeating his -remark, with variations. 'I shall sit here,' he said, 'on and off, for -days and days.' - -'But what am I to do?' said Alice. - -'Anything you like,' said the Footman, and began whistling. - -'Oh, there's no use in talking to him,' said Alice desperately: 'he's -perfectly idiotic!' And she opened the door and went in. - -The door led right into a large kitchen, which was full of smoke from -one end to the other: the Duchess was sitting on a three-legged stool in -the middle, nursing a baby; the cook was leaning over the fire, stirring -a large cauldron which seemed to be full of soup. - -'There's certainly too much pepper in that soup!' Alice said to herself, -as well as she could for sneezing. - -There was certainly too much of it in the air. Even the Duchess -sneezed occasionally; and as for the baby, it was sneezing and howling -alternately without a moment's pause. The only things in the kitchen -that did not sneeze, were the cook, and a large cat which was sitting on -the hearth and grinning from ear to ear. - -'Please would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, for she was -not quite sure whether it was good manners for her to speak first, 'why -your cat grins like that?' - -'It's a Cheshire cat,' said the Duchess, 'and that's why. Pig!' - -She said the last word with such sudden violence that Alice quite -jumped; but she saw in another moment that it was addressed to the baby, -and not to her, so she took courage, and went on again:-- - -'I didn't know that Cheshire cats always grinned; in fact, I didn't know -that cats COULD grin.' - -'They all can,' said the Duchess; 'and most of 'em do.' - -'I don't know of any that do,' Alice said very politely, feeling quite -pleased to have got into a conversation. - -'You don't know much,' said the Duchess; 'and that's a fact.' - -Alice did not at all like the tone of this remark, and thought it would -be as well to introduce some other subject of conversation. While she -was trying to fix on one, the cook took the cauldron of soup off the -fire, and at once set to work throwing everything within her reach at -the Duchess and the baby--the fire-irons came first; then followed a -shower of saucepans, plates, and dishes. The Duchess took no notice of -them even when they hit her; and the baby was howling so much already, -that it was quite impossible to say whether the blows hurt it or not. - -'Oh, PLEASE mind what you're doing!' cried Alice, jumping up and down in -an agony of terror. 'Oh, there goes his PRECIOUS nose'; as an unusually -large saucepan flew close by it, and very nearly carried it off. - -'If everybody minded their own business,' the Duchess said in a hoarse -growl, 'the world would go round a deal faster than it does.' - -'Which would NOT be an advantage,' said Alice, who felt very glad to get -an opportunity of showing off a little of her knowledge. 'Just think of -what work it would make with the day and night! You see the earth takes -twenty-four hours to turn round on its axis--' - -'Talking of axes,' said the Duchess, 'chop off her head!' - -Alice glanced rather anxiously at the cook, to see if she meant to take -the hint; but the cook was busily stirring the soup, and seemed not to -be listening, so she went on again: 'Twenty-four hours, I THINK; or is -it twelve? I--' - -'Oh, don't bother ME,' said the Duchess; 'I never could abide figures!' -And with that she began nursing her child again, singing a sort of -lullaby to it as she did so, and giving it a violent shake at the end of -every line: - - 'Speak roughly to your little boy, - And beat him when he sneezes: - He only does it to annoy, - Because he knows it teases.' - - CHORUS. - - (In which the cook and the baby joined):-- - - 'Wow! wow! wow!' - -While the Duchess sang the second verse of the song, she kept tossing -the baby violently up and down, and the poor little thing howled so, -that Alice could hardly hear the words:-- - - 'I speak severely to my boy, - I beat him when he sneezes; - For he can thoroughly enjoy - The pepper when he pleases!' - - CHORUS. - - 'Wow! wow! wow!' - -'Here! you may nurse it a bit, if you like!' the Duchess said to Alice, -flinging the baby at her as she spoke. 'I must go and get ready to play -croquet with the Queen,' and she hurried out of the room. The cook threw -a frying-pan after her as she went out, but it just missed her. - -Alice caught the baby with some difficulty, as it was a queer-shaped -little creature, and held out its arms and legs in all directions, 'just -like a star-fish,' thought Alice. The poor little thing was snorting -like a steam-engine when she caught it, and kept doubling itself up and -straightening itself out again, so that altogether, for the first minute -or two, it was as much as she could do to hold it. - -As soon as she had made out the proper way of nursing it, (which was to -twist it up into a sort of knot, and then keep tight hold of its right -ear and left foot, so as to prevent its undoing itself,) she carried -it out into the open air. 'IF I don't take this child away with me,' -thought Alice, 'they're sure to kill it in a day or two: wouldn't it be -murder to leave it behind?' She said the last words out loud, and the -little thing grunted in reply (it had left off sneezing by this time). -'Don't grunt,' said Alice; 'that's not at all a proper way of expressing -yourself.' - -The baby grunted again, and Alice looked very anxiously into its face to -see what was the matter with it. There could be no doubt that it had -a VERY turn-up nose, much more like a snout than a real nose; also its -eyes were getting extremely small for a baby: altogether Alice did not -like the look of the thing at all. 'But perhaps it was only sobbing,' -she thought, and looked into its eyes again, to see if there were any -tears. - -No, there were no tears. 'If you're going to turn into a pig, my dear,' -said Alice, seriously, 'I'll have nothing more to do with you. Mind -now!' The poor little thing sobbed again (or grunted, it was impossible -to say which), and they went on for some while in silence. - -Alice was just beginning to think to herself, 'Now, what am I to do with -this creature when I get it home?' when it grunted again, so violently, -that she looked down into its face in some alarm. This time there could -be NO mistake about it: it was neither more nor less than a pig, and she -felt that it would be quite absurd for her to carry it further. - -So she set the little creature down, and felt quite relieved to see -it trot away quietly into the wood. 'If it had grown up,' she said -to herself, 'it would have made a dreadfully ugly child: but it makes -rather a handsome pig, I think.' And she began thinking over other -children she knew, who might do very well as pigs, and was just saying -to herself, 'if one only knew the right way to change them--' when she -was a little startled by seeing the Cheshire Cat sitting on a bough of a -tree a few yards off. - -The Cat only grinned when it saw Alice. It looked good-natured, she -thought: still it had VERY long claws and a great many teeth, so she -felt that it ought to be treated with respect. - -'Cheshire Puss,' she began, rather timidly, as she did not at all know -whether it would like the name: however, it only grinned a little wider. -'Come, it's pleased so far,' thought Alice, and she went on. 'Would you -tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?' - -'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' said the Cat. - -'I don't much care where--' said Alice. - -'Then it doesn't matter which way you go,' said the Cat. - -'--so long as I get SOMEWHERE,' Alice added as an explanation. - -'Oh, you're sure to do that,' said the Cat, 'if you only walk long -enough.' - -Alice felt that this could not be denied, so she tried another question. -'What sort of people live about here?' - -'In THAT direction,' the Cat said, waving its right paw round, 'lives -a Hatter: and in THAT direction,' waving the other paw, 'lives a March -Hare. Visit either you like: they're both mad.' - -'But I don't want to go among mad people,' Alice remarked. - -'Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: 'we're all mad here. I'm mad. -You're mad.' - -'How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice. - -'You must be,' said the Cat, 'or you wouldn't have come here.' - -Alice didn't think that proved it at all; however, she went on 'And how -do you know that you're mad?' - -'To begin with,' said the Cat, 'a dog's not mad. You grant that?' - -'I suppose so,' said Alice. - -'Well, then,' the Cat went on, 'you see, a dog growls when it's angry, -and wags its tail when it's pleased. Now I growl when I'm pleased, and -wag my tail when I'm angry. Therefore I'm mad.' - -'I call it purring, not growling,' said Alice. - -'Call it what you like,' said the Cat. 'Do you play croquet with the -Queen to-day?' - -'I should like it very much,' said Alice, 'but I haven't been invited -yet.' - -'You'll see me there,' said the Cat, and vanished. - -Alice was not much surprised at this, she was getting so used to queer -things happening. While she was looking at the place where it had been, -it suddenly appeared again. - -'By-the-bye, what became of the baby?' said the Cat. 'I'd nearly -forgotten to ask.' - -'It turned into a pig,' Alice quietly said, just as if it had come back -in a natural way. - -'I thought it would,' said the Cat, and vanished again. - -Alice waited a little, half expecting to see it again, but it did not -appear, and after a minute or two she walked on in the direction in -which the March Hare was said to live. 'I've seen hatters before,' she -said to herself; 'the March Hare will be much the most interesting, and -perhaps as this is May it won't be raving mad--at least not so mad as -it was in March.' As she said this, she looked up, and there was the Cat -again, sitting on a branch of a tree. - -'Did you say pig, or fig?' said the Cat. - -'I said pig,' replied Alice; 'and I wish you wouldn't keep appearing and -vanishing so suddenly: you make one quite giddy.' - -'All right,' said the Cat; and this time it vanished quite slowly, -beginning with the end of the tail, and ending with the grin, which -remained some time after the rest of it had gone. - -'Well! I've often seen a cat without a grin,' thought Alice; 'but a grin -without a cat! It's the most curious thing I ever saw in my life!' - -She had not gone much farther before she came in sight of the house -of the March Hare: she thought it must be the right house, because the -chimneys were shaped like ears and the roof was thatched with fur. It -was so large a house, that she did not like to go nearer till she had -nibbled some more of the lefthand bit of mushroom, and raised herself to -about two feet high: even then she walked up towards it rather timidly, -saying to herself 'Suppose it should be raving mad after all! I almost -wish I'd gone to see the Hatter instead!' - - - - -CHAPTER VII. A Mad Tea-Party - -There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house, and the -March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it: a Dormouse was sitting -between them, fast asleep, and the other two were using it as a -cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking over its head. 'Very -uncomfortable for the Dormouse,' thought Alice; 'only, as it's asleep, I -suppose it doesn't mind.' - -The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded together at -one corner of it: 'No room! No room!' they cried out when they saw Alice -coming. 'There's PLENTY of room!' said Alice indignantly, and she sat -down in a large arm-chair at one end of the table. - -'Have some wine,' the March Hare said in an encouraging tone. - -Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea. -'I don't see any wine,' she remarked. - -'There isn't any,' said the March Hare. - -'Then it wasn't very civil of you to offer it,' said Alice angrily. - -'It wasn't very civil of you to sit down without being invited,' said -the March Hare. - -'I didn't know it was YOUR table,' said Alice; 'it's laid for a great -many more than three.' - -'Your hair wants cutting,' said the Hatter. He had been looking at Alice -for some time with great curiosity, and this was his first speech. - -'You should learn not to make personal remarks,' Alice said with some -severity; 'it's very rude.' - -The Hatter opened his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he SAID -was, 'Why is a raven like a writing-desk?' - -'Come, we shall have some fun now!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad they've -begun asking riddles.--I believe I can guess that,' she added aloud. - -'Do you mean that you think you can find out the answer to it?' said the -March Hare. - -'Exactly so,' said Alice. - -'Then you should say what you mean,' the March Hare went on. - -'I do,' Alice hastily replied; 'at least--at least I mean what I -say--that's the same thing, you know.' - -'Not the same thing a bit!' said the Hatter. 'You might just as well say -that "I see what I eat" is the same thing as "I eat what I see"!' - -'You might just as well say,' added the March Hare, 'that "I like what I -get" is the same thing as "I get what I like"!' - -'You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed to be -talking in his sleep, 'that "I breathe when I sleep" is the same thing -as "I sleep when I breathe"!' - -'It IS the same thing with you,' said the Hatter, and here the -conversation dropped, and the party sat silent for a minute, while Alice -thought over all she could remember about ravens and writing-desks, -which wasn't much. - -The Hatter was the first to break the silence. 'What day of the month -is it?' he said, turning to Alice: he had taken his watch out of his -pocket, and was looking at it uneasily, shaking it every now and then, -and holding it to his ear. - -Alice considered a little, and then said 'The fourth.' - -'Two days wrong!' sighed the Hatter. 'I told you butter wouldn't suit -the works!' he added looking angrily at the March Hare. - -'It was the BEST butter,' the March Hare meekly replied. - -'Yes, but some crumbs must have got in as well,' the Hatter grumbled: -'you shouldn't have put it in with the bread-knife.' - -The March Hare took the watch and looked at it gloomily: then he dipped -it into his cup of tea, and looked at it again: but he could think of -nothing better to say than his first remark, 'It was the BEST butter, -you know.' - -Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity. 'What a -funny watch!' she remarked. 'It tells the day of the month, and doesn't -tell what o'clock it is!' - -'Why should it?' muttered the Hatter. 'Does YOUR watch tell you what -year it is?' - -'Of course not,' Alice replied very readily: 'but that's because it -stays the same year for such a long time together.' - -'Which is just the case with MINE,' said the Hatter. - -Alice felt dreadfully puzzled. The Hatter's remark seemed to have no -sort of meaning in it, and yet it was certainly English. 'I don't quite -understand you,' she said, as politely as she could. - -'The Dormouse is asleep again,' said the Hatter, and he poured a little -hot tea upon its nose. - -The Dormouse shook its head impatiently, and said, without opening its -eyes, 'Of course, of course; just what I was going to remark myself.' - -'Have you guessed the riddle yet?' the Hatter said, turning to Alice -again. - -'No, I give it up,' Alice replied: 'what's the answer?' - -'I haven't the slightest idea,' said the Hatter. - -'Nor I,' said the March Hare. - -Alice sighed wearily. 'I think you might do something better with the -time,' she said, 'than waste it in asking riddles that have no answers.' - -'If you knew Time as well as I do,' said the Hatter, 'you wouldn't talk -about wasting IT. It's HIM.' - -'I don't know what you mean,' said Alice. - -'Of course you don't!' the Hatter said, tossing his head contemptuously. -'I dare say you never even spoke to Time!' - -'Perhaps not,' Alice cautiously replied: 'but I know I have to beat time -when I learn music.' - -'Ah! that accounts for it,' said the Hatter. 'He won't stand beating. -Now, if you only kept on good terms with him, he'd do almost anything -you liked with the clock. For instance, suppose it were nine o'clock in -the morning, just time to begin lessons: you'd only have to whisper a -hint to Time, and round goes the clock in a twinkling! Half-past one, -time for dinner!' - -('I only wish it was,' the March Hare said to itself in a whisper.) - -'That would be grand, certainly,' said Alice thoughtfully: 'but then--I -shouldn't be hungry for it, you know.' - -'Not at first, perhaps,' said the Hatter: 'but you could keep it to -half-past one as long as you liked.' - -'Is that the way YOU manage?' Alice asked. - -The Hatter shook his head mournfully. 'Not I!' he replied. 'We -quarrelled last March--just before HE went mad, you know--' (pointing -with his tea spoon at the March Hare,) '--it was at the great concert -given by the Queen of Hearts, and I had to sing - - "Twinkle, twinkle, little bat! - How I wonder what you're at!" - -You know the song, perhaps?' - -'I've heard something like it,' said Alice. - -'It goes on, you know,' the Hatter continued, 'in this way:-- - - "Up above the world you fly, - Like a tea-tray in the sky. - Twinkle, twinkle--"' - -Here the Dormouse shook itself, and began singing in its sleep 'Twinkle, -twinkle, twinkle, twinkle--' and went on so long that they had to pinch -it to make it stop. - -'Well, I'd hardly finished the first verse,' said the Hatter, 'when the -Queen jumped up and bawled out, "He's murdering the time! Off with his -head!"' - -'How dreadfully savage!' exclaimed Alice. - -'And ever since that,' the Hatter went on in a mournful tone, 'he won't -do a thing I ask! It's always six o'clock now.' - -A bright idea came into Alice's head. 'Is that the reason so many -tea-things are put out here?' she asked. - -'Yes, that's it,' said the Hatter with a sigh: 'it's always tea-time, -and we've no time to wash the things between whiles.' - -'Then you keep moving round, I suppose?' said Alice. - -'Exactly so,' said the Hatter: 'as the things get used up.' - -'But what happens when you come to the beginning again?' Alice ventured -to ask. - -'Suppose we change the subject,' the March Hare interrupted, yawning. -'I'm getting tired of this. I vote the young lady tells us a story.' - -'I'm afraid I don't know one,' said Alice, rather alarmed at the -proposal. - -'Then the Dormouse shall!' they both cried. 'Wake up, Dormouse!' And -they pinched it on both sides at once. - -The Dormouse slowly opened his eyes. 'I wasn't asleep,' he said in a -hoarse, feeble voice: 'I heard every word you fellows were saying.' - -'Tell us a story!' said the March Hare. - -'Yes, please do!' pleaded Alice. - -'And be quick about it,' added the Hatter, 'or you'll be asleep again -before it's done.' - -'Once upon a time there were three little sisters,' the Dormouse began -in a great hurry; 'and their names were Elsie, Lacie, and Tillie; and -they lived at the bottom of a well--' - -'What did they live on?' said Alice, who always took a great interest in -questions of eating and drinking. - -'They lived on treacle,' said the Dormouse, after thinking a minute or -two. - -'They couldn't have done that, you know,' Alice gently remarked; 'they'd -have been ill.' - -'So they were,' said the Dormouse; 'VERY ill.' - -Alice tried to fancy to herself what such an extraordinary ways of -living would be like, but it puzzled her too much, so she went on: 'But -why did they live at the bottom of a well?' - -'Take some more tea,' the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly. - -'I've had nothing yet,' Alice replied in an offended tone, 'so I can't -take more.' - -'You mean you can't take LESS,' said the Hatter: 'it's very easy to take -MORE than nothing.' - -'Nobody asked YOUR opinion,' said Alice. - -'Who's making personal remarks now?' the Hatter asked triumphantly. - -Alice did not quite know what to say to this: so she helped herself -to some tea and bread-and-butter, and then turned to the Dormouse, and -repeated her question. 'Why did they live at the bottom of a well?' - -The Dormouse again took a minute or two to think about it, and then -said, 'It was a treacle-well.' - -'There's no such thing!' Alice was beginning very angrily, but the -Hatter and the March Hare went 'Sh! sh!' and the Dormouse sulkily -remarked, 'If you can't be civil, you'd better finish the story for -yourself.' - -'No, please go on!' Alice said very humbly; 'I won't interrupt again. I -dare say there may be ONE.' - -'One, indeed!' said the Dormouse indignantly. However, he consented to -go on. 'And so these three little sisters--they were learning to draw, -you know--' - -'What did they draw?' said Alice, quite forgetting her promise. - -'Treacle,' said the Dormouse, without considering at all this time. - -'I want a clean cup,' interrupted the Hatter: 'let's all move one place -on.' - -He moved on as he spoke, and the Dormouse followed him: the March Hare -moved into the Dormouse's place, and Alice rather unwillingly took -the place of the March Hare. The Hatter was the only one who got any -advantage from the change: and Alice was a good deal worse off than -before, as the March Hare had just upset the milk-jug into his plate. - -Alice did not wish to offend the Dormouse again, so she began very -cautiously: 'But I don't understand. Where did they draw the treacle -from?' - -'You can draw water out of a water-well,' said the Hatter; 'so I should -think you could draw treacle out of a treacle-well--eh, stupid?' - -'But they were IN the well,' Alice said to the Dormouse, not choosing to -notice this last remark. - -'Of course they were', said the Dormouse; '--well in.' - -This answer so confused poor Alice, that she let the Dormouse go on for -some time without interrupting it. - -'They were learning to draw,' the Dormouse went on, yawning and rubbing -its eyes, for it was getting very sleepy; 'and they drew all manner of -things--everything that begins with an M--' - -'Why with an M?' said Alice. - -'Why not?' said the March Hare. - -Alice was silent. - -The Dormouse had closed its eyes by this time, and was going off into -a doze; but, on being pinched by the Hatter, it woke up again with -a little shriek, and went on: '--that begins with an M, such as -mouse-traps, and the moon, and memory, and muchness--you know you say -things are "much of a muchness"--did you ever see such a thing as a -drawing of a muchness?' - -'Really, now you ask me,' said Alice, very much confused, 'I don't -think--' - -'Then you shouldn't talk,' said the Hatter. - -This piece of rudeness was more than Alice could bear: she got up in -great disgust, and walked off; the Dormouse fell asleep instantly, and -neither of the others took the least notice of her going, though she -looked back once or twice, half hoping that they would call after her: -the last time she saw them, they were trying to put the Dormouse into -the teapot. - -'At any rate I'll never go THERE again!' said Alice as she picked her -way through the wood. 'It's the stupidest tea-party I ever was at in all -my life!' - -Just as she said this, she noticed that one of the trees had a door -leading right into it. 'That's very curious!' she thought. 'But -everything's curious today. I think I may as well go in at once.' And in -she went. - -Once more she found herself in the long hall, and close to the little -glass table. 'Now, I'll manage better this time,' she said to herself, -and began by taking the little golden key, and unlocking the door that -led into the garden. Then she went to work nibbling at the mushroom (she -had kept a piece of it in her pocket) till she was about a foot high: -then she walked down the little passage: and THEN--she found herself at -last in the beautiful garden, among the bright flower-beds and the cool -fountains. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. The Queen's Croquet-Ground - -A large rose-tree stood near the entrance of the garden: the roses -growing on it were white, but there were three gardeners at it, busily -painting them red. Alice thought this a very curious thing, and she went -nearer to watch them, and just as she came up to them she heard one of -them say, 'Look out now, Five! Don't go splashing paint over me like -that!' - -'I couldn't help it,' said Five, in a sulky tone; 'Seven jogged my -elbow.' - -On which Seven looked up and said, 'That's right, Five! Always lay the -blame on others!' - -'YOU'D better not talk!' said Five. 'I heard the Queen say only -yesterday you deserved to be beheaded!' - -'What for?' said the one who had spoken first. - -'That's none of YOUR business, Two!' said Seven. - -'Yes, it IS his business!' said Five, 'and I'll tell him--it was for -bringing the cook tulip-roots instead of onions.' - -Seven flung down his brush, and had just begun 'Well, of all the unjust -things--' when his eye chanced to fall upon Alice, as she stood watching -them, and he checked himself suddenly: the others looked round also, and -all of them bowed low. - -'Would you tell me,' said Alice, a little timidly, 'why you are painting -those roses?' - -Five and Seven said nothing, but looked at Two. Two began in a low -voice, 'Why the fact is, you see, Miss, this here ought to have been a -RED rose-tree, and we put a white one in by mistake; and if the Queen -was to find it out, we should all have our heads cut off, you know. -So you see, Miss, we're doing our best, afore she comes, to--' At this -moment Five, who had been anxiously looking across the garden, called -out 'The Queen! The Queen!' and the three gardeners instantly threw -themselves flat upon their faces. There was a sound of many footsteps, -and Alice looked round, eager to see the Queen. - -First came ten soldiers carrying clubs; these were all shaped like -the three gardeners, oblong and flat, with their hands and feet at the -corners: next the ten courtiers; these were ornamented all over with -diamonds, and walked two and two, as the soldiers did. After these came -the royal children; there were ten of them, and the little dears came -jumping merrily along hand in hand, in couples: they were all ornamented -with hearts. Next came the guests, mostly Kings and Queens, and among -them Alice recognised the White Rabbit: it was talking in a hurried -nervous manner, smiling at everything that was said, and went by without -noticing her. Then followed the Knave of Hearts, carrying the King's -crown on a crimson velvet cushion; and, last of all this grand -procession, came THE KING AND QUEEN OF HEARTS. - -Alice was rather doubtful whether she ought not to lie down on her face -like the three gardeners, but she could not remember ever having heard -of such a rule at processions; 'and besides, what would be the use of -a procession,' thought she, 'if people had all to lie down upon their -faces, so that they couldn't see it?' So she stood still where she was, -and waited. - -When the procession came opposite to Alice, they all stopped and looked -at her, and the Queen said severely 'Who is this?' She said it to the -Knave of Hearts, who only bowed and smiled in reply. - -'Idiot!' said the Queen, tossing her head impatiently; and, turning to -Alice, she went on, 'What's your name, child?' - -'My name is Alice, so please your Majesty,' said Alice very politely; -but she added, to herself, 'Why, they're only a pack of cards, after -all. I needn't be afraid of them!' - -'And who are THESE?' said the Queen, pointing to the three gardeners who -were lying round the rosetree; for, you see, as they were lying on their -faces, and the pattern on their backs was the same as the rest of the -pack, she could not tell whether they were gardeners, or soldiers, or -courtiers, or three of her own children. - -'How should I know?' said Alice, surprised at her own courage. 'It's no -business of MINE.' - -The Queen turned crimson with fury, and, after glaring at her for a -moment like a wild beast, screamed 'Off with her head! Off--' - -'Nonsense!' said Alice, very loudly and decidedly, and the Queen was -silent. - -The King laid his hand upon her arm, and timidly said 'Consider, my -dear: she is only a child!' - -The Queen turned angrily away from him, and said to the Knave 'Turn them -over!' - -The Knave did so, very carefully, with one foot. - -'Get up!' said the Queen, in a shrill, loud voice, and the three -gardeners instantly jumped up, and began bowing to the King, the Queen, -the royal children, and everybody else. - -'Leave off that!' screamed the Queen. 'You make me giddy.' And then, -turning to the rose-tree, she went on, 'What HAVE you been doing here?' - -'May it please your Majesty,' said Two, in a very humble tone, going -down on one knee as he spoke, 'we were trying--' - -'I see!' said the Queen, who had meanwhile been examining the roses. -'Off with their heads!' and the procession moved on, three of the -soldiers remaining behind to execute the unfortunate gardeners, who ran -to Alice for protection. - -'You shan't be beheaded!' said Alice, and she put them into a large -flower-pot that stood near. The three soldiers wandered about for a -minute or two, looking for them, and then quietly marched off after the -others. - -'Are their heads off?' shouted the Queen. - -'Their heads are gone, if it please your Majesty!' the soldiers shouted -in reply. - -'That's right!' shouted the Queen. 'Can you play croquet?' - -The soldiers were silent, and looked at Alice, as the question was -evidently meant for her. - -'Yes!' shouted Alice. - -'Come on, then!' roared the Queen, and Alice joined the procession, -wondering very much what would happen next. - -'It's--it's a very fine day!' said a timid voice at her side. She was -walking by the White Rabbit, who was peeping anxiously into her face. - -'Very,' said Alice: '--where's the Duchess?' - -'Hush! Hush!' said the Rabbit in a low, hurried tone. He looked -anxiously over his shoulder as he spoke, and then raised himself upon -tiptoe, put his mouth close to her ear, and whispered 'She's under -sentence of execution.' - -'What for?' said Alice. - -'Did you say "What a pity!"?' the Rabbit asked. - -'No, I didn't,' said Alice: 'I don't think it's at all a pity. I said -"What for?"' - -'She boxed the Queen's ears--' the Rabbit began. Alice gave a little -scream of laughter. 'Oh, hush!' the Rabbit whispered in a frightened -tone. 'The Queen will hear you! You see, she came rather late, and the -Queen said--' - -'Get to your places!' shouted the Queen in a voice of thunder, and -people began running about in all directions, tumbling up against each -other; however, they got settled down in a minute or two, and the game -began. Alice thought she had never seen such a curious croquet-ground in -her life; it was all ridges and furrows; the balls were live hedgehogs, -the mallets live flamingoes, and the soldiers had to double themselves -up and to stand on their hands and feet, to make the arches. - -The chief difficulty Alice found at first was in managing her flamingo: -she succeeded in getting its body tucked away, comfortably enough, under -her arm, with its legs hanging down, but generally, just as she had got -its neck nicely straightened out, and was going to give the hedgehog a -blow with its head, it WOULD twist itself round and look up in her face, -with such a puzzled expression that she could not help bursting out -laughing: and when she had got its head down, and was going to begin -again, it was very provoking to find that the hedgehog had unrolled -itself, and was in the act of crawling away: besides all this, there was -generally a ridge or furrow in the way wherever she wanted to send the -hedgehog to, and, as the doubled-up soldiers were always getting up -and walking off to other parts of the ground, Alice soon came to the -conclusion that it was a very difficult game indeed. - -The players all played at once without waiting for turns, quarrelling -all the while, and fighting for the hedgehogs; and in a very short -time the Queen was in a furious passion, and went stamping about, and -shouting 'Off with his head!' or 'Off with her head!' about once in a -minute. - -Alice began to feel very uneasy: to be sure, she had not as yet had any -dispute with the Queen, but she knew that it might happen any minute, -'and then,' thought she, 'what would become of me? They're dreadfully -fond of beheading people here; the great wonder is, that there's any one -left alive!' - -She was looking about for some way of escape, and wondering whether she -could get away without being seen, when she noticed a curious appearance -in the air: it puzzled her very much at first, but, after watching it -a minute or two, she made it out to be a grin, and she said to herself -'It's the Cheshire Cat: now I shall have somebody to talk to.' - -'How are you getting on?' said the Cat, as soon as there was mouth -enough for it to speak with. - -Alice waited till the eyes appeared, and then nodded. 'It's no use -speaking to it,' she thought, 'till its ears have come, or at least one -of them.' In another minute the whole head appeared, and then Alice put -down her flamingo, and began an account of the game, feeling very glad -she had someone to listen to her. The Cat seemed to think that there was -enough of it now in sight, and no more of it appeared. - -'I don't think they play at all fairly,' Alice began, in rather a -complaining tone, 'and they all quarrel so dreadfully one can't hear -oneself speak--and they don't seem to have any rules in particular; -at least, if there are, nobody attends to them--and you've no idea how -confusing it is all the things being alive; for instance, there's the -arch I've got to go through next walking about at the other end of the -ground--and I should have croqueted the Queen's hedgehog just now, only -it ran away when it saw mine coming!' - -'How do you like the Queen?' said the Cat in a low voice. - -'Not at all,' said Alice: 'she's so extremely--' Just then she noticed -that the Queen was close behind her, listening: so she went on, -'--likely to win, that it's hardly worth while finishing the game.' - -The Queen smiled and passed on. - -'Who ARE you talking to?' said the King, going up to Alice, and looking -at the Cat's head with great curiosity. - -'It's a friend of mine--a Cheshire Cat,' said Alice: 'allow me to -introduce it.' - -'I don't like the look of it at all,' said the King: 'however, it may -kiss my hand if it likes.' - -'I'd rather not,' the Cat remarked. - -'Don't be impertinent,' said the King, 'and don't look at me like that!' -He got behind Alice as he spoke. - -'A cat may look at a king,' said Alice. 'I've read that in some book, -but I don't remember where.' - -'Well, it must be removed,' said the King very decidedly, and he called -the Queen, who was passing at the moment, 'My dear! I wish you would -have this cat removed!' - -The Queen had only one way of settling all difficulties, great or small. -'Off with his head!' she said, without even looking round. - -'I'll fetch the executioner myself,' said the King eagerly, and he -hurried off. - -Alice thought she might as well go back, and see how the game was going -on, as she heard the Queen's voice in the distance, screaming with -passion. She had already heard her sentence three of the players to be -executed for having missed their turns, and she did not like the look -of things at all, as the game was in such confusion that she never knew -whether it was her turn or not. So she went in search of her hedgehog. - -The hedgehog was engaged in a fight with another hedgehog, which seemed -to Alice an excellent opportunity for croqueting one of them with the -other: the only difficulty was, that her flamingo was gone across to the -other side of the garden, where Alice could see it trying in a helpless -sort of way to fly up into a tree. - -By the time she had caught the flamingo and brought it back, the fight -was over, and both the hedgehogs were out of sight: 'but it doesn't -matter much,' thought Alice, 'as all the arches are gone from this side -of the ground.' So she tucked it away under her arm, that it might not -escape again, and went back for a little more conversation with her -friend. - -When she got back to the Cheshire Cat, she was surprised to find quite a -large crowd collected round it: there was a dispute going on between -the executioner, the King, and the Queen, who were all talking at once, -while all the rest were quite silent, and looked very uncomfortable. - -The moment Alice appeared, she was appealed to by all three to settle -the question, and they repeated their arguments to her, though, as they -all spoke at once, she found it very hard indeed to make out exactly -what they said. - -The executioner's argument was, that you couldn't cut off a head unless -there was a body to cut it off from: that he had never had to do such a -thing before, and he wasn't going to begin at HIS time of life. - -The King's argument was, that anything that had a head could be -beheaded, and that you weren't to talk nonsense. - -The Queen's argument was, that if something wasn't done about it in less -than no time she'd have everybody executed, all round. (It was this last -remark that had made the whole party look so grave and anxious.) - -Alice could think of nothing else to say but 'It belongs to the Duchess: -you'd better ask HER about it.' - -'She's in prison,' the Queen said to the executioner: 'fetch her here.' -And the executioner went off like an arrow. - - The Cat's head began fading away the moment he was gone, and, -by the time he had come back with the Duchess, it had entirely -disappeared; so the King and the executioner ran wildly up and down -looking for it, while the rest of the party went back to the game. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. The Mock Turtle's Story - -'You can't think how glad I am to see you again, you dear old thing!' -said the Duchess, as she tucked her arm affectionately into Alice's, and -they walked off together. - -Alice was very glad to find her in such a pleasant temper, and thought -to herself that perhaps it was only the pepper that had made her so -savage when they met in the kitchen. - -'When I'M a Duchess,' she said to herself, (not in a very hopeful tone -though), 'I won't have any pepper in my kitchen AT ALL. Soup does very -well without--Maybe it's always pepper that makes people hot-tempered,' -she went on, very much pleased at having found out a new kind of -rule, 'and vinegar that makes them sour--and camomile that makes -them bitter--and--and barley-sugar and such things that make children -sweet-tempered. I only wish people knew that: then they wouldn't be so -stingy about it, you know--' - -She had quite forgotten the Duchess by this time, and was a little -startled when she heard her voice close to her ear. 'You're thinking -about something, my dear, and that makes you forget to talk. I can't -tell you just now what the moral of that is, but I shall remember it in -a bit.' - -'Perhaps it hasn't one,' Alice ventured to remark. - -'Tut, tut, child!' said the Duchess. 'Everything's got a moral, if only -you can find it.' And she squeezed herself up closer to Alice's side as -she spoke. - -Alice did not much like keeping so close to her: first, because the -Duchess was VERY ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the -right height to rest her chin upon Alice's shoulder, and it was an -uncomfortably sharp chin. However, she did not like to be rude, so she -bore it as well as she could. - -'The game's going on rather better now,' she said, by way of keeping up -the conversation a little. - -''Tis so,' said the Duchess: 'and the moral of that is--"Oh, 'tis love, -'tis love, that makes the world go round!"' - -'Somebody said,' Alice whispered, 'that it's done by everybody minding -their own business!' - -'Ah, well! It means much the same thing,' said the Duchess, digging her -sharp little chin into Alice's shoulder as she added, 'and the moral -of THAT is--"Take care of the sense, and the sounds will take care of -themselves."' - -'How fond she is of finding morals in things!' Alice thought to herself. - -'I dare say you're wondering why I don't put my arm round your waist,' -the Duchess said after a pause: 'the reason is, that I'm doubtful about -the temper of your flamingo. Shall I try the experiment?' - -'HE might bite,' Alice cautiously replied, not feeling at all anxious to -have the experiment tried. - -'Very true,' said the Duchess: 'flamingoes and mustard both bite. And -the moral of that is--"Birds of a feather flock together."' - -'Only mustard isn't a bird,' Alice remarked. - -'Right, as usual,' said the Duchess: 'what a clear way you have of -putting things!' - -'It's a mineral, I THINK,' said Alice. - -'Of course it is,' said the Duchess, who seemed ready to agree to -everything that Alice said; 'there's a large mustard-mine near here. And -the moral of that is--"The more there is of mine, the less there is of -yours."' - -'Oh, I know!' exclaimed Alice, who had not attended to this last remark, -'it's a vegetable. It doesn't look like one, but it is.' - -'I quite agree with you,' said the Duchess; 'and the moral of that -is--"Be what you would seem to be"--or if you'd like it put more -simply--"Never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might -appear to others that what you were or might have been was not otherwise -than what you had been would have appeared to them to be otherwise."' - -'I think I should understand that better,' Alice said very politely, 'if -I had it written down: but I can't quite follow it as you say it.' - -'That's nothing to what I could say if I chose,' the Duchess replied, in -a pleased tone. - -'Pray don't trouble yourself to say it any longer than that,' said -Alice. - -'Oh, don't talk about trouble!' said the Duchess. 'I make you a present -of everything I've said as yet.' - -'A cheap sort of present!' thought Alice. 'I'm glad they don't give -birthday presents like that!' But she did not venture to say it out -loud. - -'Thinking again?' the Duchess asked, with another dig of her sharp -little chin. - -'I've a right to think,' said Alice sharply, for she was beginning to -feel a little worried. - -'Just about as much right,' said the Duchess, 'as pigs have to fly; and -the m--' - -But here, to Alice's great surprise, the Duchess's voice died away, even -in the middle of her favourite word 'moral,' and the arm that was linked -into hers began to tremble. Alice looked up, and there stood the Queen -in front of them, with her arms folded, frowning like a thunderstorm. - -'A fine day, your Majesty!' the Duchess began in a low, weak voice. - -'Now, I give you fair warning,' shouted the Queen, stamping on the -ground as she spoke; 'either you or your head must be off, and that in -about half no time! Take your choice!' - -The Duchess took her choice, and was gone in a moment. - -'Let's go on with the game,' the Queen said to Alice; and Alice was -too much frightened to say a word, but slowly followed her back to the -croquet-ground. - -The other guests had taken advantage of the Queen's absence, and were -resting in the shade: however, the moment they saw her, they hurried -back to the game, the Queen merely remarking that a moment's delay would -cost them their lives. - -All the time they were playing the Queen never left off quarrelling with -the other players, and shouting 'Off with his head!' or 'Off with her -head!' Those whom she sentenced were taken into custody by the soldiers, -who of course had to leave off being arches to do this, so that by -the end of half an hour or so there were no arches left, and all the -players, except the King, the Queen, and Alice, were in custody and -under sentence of execution. - -Then the Queen left off, quite out of breath, and said to Alice, 'Have -you seen the Mock Turtle yet?' - -'No,' said Alice. 'I don't even know what a Mock Turtle is.' - -'It's the thing Mock Turtle Soup is made from,' said the Queen. - -'I never saw one, or heard of one,' said Alice. - -'Come on, then,' said the Queen, 'and he shall tell you his history,' - -As they walked off together, Alice heard the King say in a low voice, -to the company generally, 'You are all pardoned.' 'Come, THAT'S a good -thing!' she said to herself, for she had felt quite unhappy at the -number of executions the Queen had ordered. - -They very soon came upon a Gryphon, lying fast asleep in the sun. -(IF you don't know what a Gryphon is, look at the picture.) 'Up, lazy -thing!' said the Queen, 'and take this young lady to see the Mock -Turtle, and to hear his history. I must go back and see after some -executions I have ordered'; and she walked off, leaving Alice alone with -the Gryphon. Alice did not quite like the look of the creature, but on -the whole she thought it would be quite as safe to stay with it as to go -after that savage Queen: so she waited. - -The Gryphon sat up and rubbed its eyes: then it watched the Queen till -she was out of sight: then it chuckled. 'What fun!' said the Gryphon, -half to itself, half to Alice. - -'What IS the fun?' said Alice. - -'Why, SHE,' said the Gryphon. 'It's all her fancy, that: they never -executes nobody, you know. Come on!' - -'Everybody says "come on!" here,' thought Alice, as she went slowly -after it: 'I never was so ordered about in all my life, never!' - -They had not gone far before they saw the Mock Turtle in the distance, -sitting sad and lonely on a little ledge of rock, and, as they came -nearer, Alice could hear him sighing as if his heart would break. She -pitied him deeply. 'What is his sorrow?' she asked the Gryphon, and the -Gryphon answered, very nearly in the same words as before, 'It's all his -fancy, that: he hasn't got no sorrow, you know. Come on!' - -So they went up to the Mock Turtle, who looked at them with large eyes -full of tears, but said nothing. - -'This here young lady,' said the Gryphon, 'she wants for to know your -history, she do.' - -'I'll tell it her,' said the Mock Turtle in a deep, hollow tone: 'sit -down, both of you, and don't speak a word till I've finished.' - -So they sat down, and nobody spoke for some minutes. Alice thought to -herself, 'I don't see how he can EVEN finish, if he doesn't begin.' But -she waited patiently. - -'Once,' said the Mock Turtle at last, with a deep sigh, 'I was a real -Turtle.' - -These words were followed by a very long silence, broken only by an -occasional exclamation of 'Hjckrrh!' from the Gryphon, and the constant -heavy sobbing of the Mock Turtle. Alice was very nearly getting up and -saying, 'Thank you, sir, for your interesting story,' but she could -not help thinking there MUST be more to come, so she sat still and said -nothing. - -'When we were little,' the Mock Turtle went on at last, more calmly, -though still sobbing a little now and then, 'we went to school in the -sea. The master was an old Turtle--we used to call him Tortoise--' - -'Why did you call him Tortoise, if he wasn't one?' Alice asked. - -'We called him Tortoise because he taught us,' said the Mock Turtle -angrily: 'really you are very dull!' - -'You ought to be ashamed of yourself for asking such a simple question,' -added the Gryphon; and then they both sat silent and looked at poor -Alice, who felt ready to sink into the earth. At last the Gryphon said -to the Mock Turtle, 'Drive on, old fellow! Don't be all day about it!' -and he went on in these words: - -'Yes, we went to school in the sea, though you mayn't believe it--' - -'I never said I didn't!' interrupted Alice. - -'You did,' said the Mock Turtle. - -'Hold your tongue!' added the Gryphon, before Alice could speak again. -The Mock Turtle went on. - -'We had the best of educations--in fact, we went to school every day--' - -'I'VE been to a day-school, too,' said Alice; 'you needn't be so proud -as all that.' - -'With extras?' asked the Mock Turtle a little anxiously. - -'Yes,' said Alice, 'we learned French and music.' - -'And washing?' said the Mock Turtle. - -'Certainly not!' said Alice indignantly. - -'Ah! then yours wasn't a really good school,' said the Mock Turtle in -a tone of great relief. 'Now at OURS they had at the end of the bill, -"French, music, AND WASHING--extra."' - -'You couldn't have wanted it much,' said Alice; 'living at the bottom of -the sea.' - -'I couldn't afford to learn it.' said the Mock Turtle with a sigh. 'I -only took the regular course.' - -'What was that?' inquired Alice. - -'Reeling and Writhing, of course, to begin with,' the Mock Turtle -replied; 'and then the different branches of Arithmetic--Ambition, -Distraction, Uglification, and Derision.' - -'I never heard of "Uglification,"' Alice ventured to say. 'What is it?' - -The Gryphon lifted up both its paws in surprise. 'What! Never heard of -uglifying!' it exclaimed. 'You know what to beautify is, I suppose?' - -'Yes,' said Alice doubtfully: 'it means--to--make--anything--prettier.' - -'Well, then,' the Gryphon went on, 'if you don't know what to uglify is, -you ARE a simpleton.' - -Alice did not feel encouraged to ask any more questions about it, so she -turned to the Mock Turtle, and said 'What else had you to learn?' - -'Well, there was Mystery,' the Mock Turtle replied, counting off -the subjects on his flappers, '--Mystery, ancient and modern, with -Seaography: then Drawling--the Drawling-master was an old conger-eel, -that used to come once a week: HE taught us Drawling, Stretching, and -Fainting in Coils.' - -'What was THAT like?' said Alice. - -'Well, I can't show it you myself,' the Mock Turtle said: 'I'm too -stiff. And the Gryphon never learnt it.' - -'Hadn't time,' said the Gryphon: 'I went to the Classics master, though. -He was an old crab, HE was.' - -'I never went to him,' the Mock Turtle said with a sigh: 'he taught -Laughing and Grief, they used to say.' - -'So he did, so he did,' said the Gryphon, sighing in his turn; and both -creatures hid their faces in their paws. - -'And how many hours a day did you do lessons?' said Alice, in a hurry to -change the subject. - -'Ten hours the first day,' said the Mock Turtle: 'nine the next, and so -on.' - -'What a curious plan!' exclaimed Alice. - -'That's the reason they're called lessons,' the Gryphon remarked: -'because they lessen from day to day.' - -This was quite a new idea to Alice, and she thought it over a little -before she made her next remark. 'Then the eleventh day must have been a -holiday?' - -'Of course it was,' said the Mock Turtle. - -'And how did you manage on the twelfth?' Alice went on eagerly. - -'That's enough about lessons,' the Gryphon interrupted in a very decided -tone: 'tell her something about the games now.' - - - - -CHAPTER X. The Lobster Quadrille - -The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and drew the back of one flapper across -his eyes. He looked at Alice, and tried to speak, but for a minute or -two sobs choked his voice. 'Same as if he had a bone in his throat,' -said the Gryphon: and it set to work shaking him and punching him in -the back. At last the Mock Turtle recovered his voice, and, with tears -running down his cheeks, he went on again:-- - -'You may not have lived much under the sea--' ('I haven't,' said -Alice)--'and perhaps you were never even introduced to a lobster--' -(Alice began to say 'I once tasted--' but checked herself hastily, and -said 'No, never') '--so you can have no idea what a delightful thing a -Lobster Quadrille is!' - -'No, indeed,' said Alice. 'What sort of a dance is it?' - -'Why,' said the Gryphon, 'you first form into a line along the -sea-shore--' - -'Two lines!' cried the Mock Turtle. 'Seals, turtles, salmon, and so on; -then, when you've cleared all the jelly-fish out of the way--' - -'THAT generally takes some time,' interrupted the Gryphon. - -'--you advance twice--' - -'Each with a lobster as a partner!' cried the Gryphon. - -'Of course,' the Mock Turtle said: 'advance twice, set to partners--' - -'--change lobsters, and retire in same order,' continued the Gryphon. - -'Then, you know,' the Mock Turtle went on, 'you throw the--' - -'The lobsters!' shouted the Gryphon, with a bound into the air. - -'--as far out to sea as you can--' - -'Swim after them!' screamed the Gryphon. - -'Turn a somersault in the sea!' cried the Mock Turtle, capering wildly -about. - -'Change lobsters again!' yelled the Gryphon at the top of its voice. - -'Back to land again, and that's all the first figure,' said the Mock -Turtle, suddenly dropping his voice; and the two creatures, who had been -jumping about like mad things all this time, sat down again very sadly -and quietly, and looked at Alice. - -'It must be a very pretty dance,' said Alice timidly. - -'Would you like to see a little of it?' said the Mock Turtle. - -'Very much indeed,' said Alice. - -'Come, let's try the first figure!' said the Mock Turtle to the Gryphon. -'We can do without lobsters, you know. Which shall sing?' - -'Oh, YOU sing,' said the Gryphon. 'I've forgotten the words.' - -So they began solemnly dancing round and round Alice, every now and -then treading on her toes when they passed too close, and waving their -forepaws to mark the time, while the Mock Turtle sang this, very slowly -and sadly:-- - - '"Will you walk a little faster?" said a whiting to a snail. - "There's a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on my tail. - - See how eagerly the lobsters and the turtles all advance! - They are waiting on the shingle--will you come and join the dance? - - Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance? - Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance? - - "You can really have no notion how delightful it will be - When they take us up and throw us, with the lobsters, out to sea!" - But the snail replied "Too far, too far!" and gave a look askance-- - Said he thanked the whiting kindly, but he would not join the dance. - - Would not, could not, would not, could not, would not join the dance. - Would not, could not, would not, could not, could not join the dance. - - '"What matters it how far we go?" his scaly friend replied. - "There is another shore, you know, upon the other side. - The further off from England the nearer is to France-- - Then turn not pale, beloved snail, but come and join the dance. - - Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, will you join the dance? - Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't you join the dance?"' - -'Thank you, it's a very interesting dance to watch,' said Alice, feeling -very glad that it was over at last: 'and I do so like that curious song -about the whiting!' - -'Oh, as to the whiting,' said the Mock Turtle, 'they--you've seen them, -of course?' - -'Yes,' said Alice, 'I've often seen them at dinn--' she checked herself -hastily. - -'I don't know where Dinn may be,' said the Mock Turtle, 'but if you've -seen them so often, of course you know what they're like.' - -'I believe so,' Alice replied thoughtfully. 'They have their tails in -their mouths--and they're all over crumbs.' - -'You're wrong about the crumbs,' said the Mock Turtle: 'crumbs would all -wash off in the sea. But they HAVE their tails in their mouths; and the -reason is--' here the Mock Turtle yawned and shut his eyes.--'Tell her -about the reason and all that,' he said to the Gryphon. - -'The reason is,' said the Gryphon, 'that they WOULD go with the lobsters -to the dance. So they got thrown out to sea. So they had to fall a long -way. So they got their tails fast in their mouths. So they couldn't get -them out again. That's all.' - -'Thank you,' said Alice, 'it's very interesting. I never knew so much -about a whiting before.' - -'I can tell you more than that, if you like,' said the Gryphon. 'Do you -know why it's called a whiting?' - -'I never thought about it,' said Alice. 'Why?' - -'IT DOES THE BOOTS AND SHOES.' the Gryphon replied very solemnly. - -Alice was thoroughly puzzled. 'Does the boots and shoes!' she repeated -in a wondering tone. - -'Why, what are YOUR shoes done with?' said the Gryphon. 'I mean, what -makes them so shiny?' - -Alice looked down at them, and considered a little before she gave her -answer. 'They're done with blacking, I believe.' - -'Boots and shoes under the sea,' the Gryphon went on in a deep voice, -'are done with a whiting. Now you know.' - -'And what are they made of?' Alice asked in a tone of great curiosity. - -'Soles and eels, of course,' the Gryphon replied rather impatiently: -'any shrimp could have told you that.' - -'If I'd been the whiting,' said Alice, whose thoughts were still running -on the song, 'I'd have said to the porpoise, "Keep back, please: we -don't want YOU with us!"' - -'They were obliged to have him with them,' the Mock Turtle said: 'no -wise fish would go anywhere without a porpoise.' - -'Wouldn't it really?' said Alice in a tone of great surprise. - -'Of course not,' said the Mock Turtle: 'why, if a fish came to ME, and -told me he was going a journey, I should say "With what porpoise?"' - -'Don't you mean "purpose"?' said Alice. - -'I mean what I say,' the Mock Turtle replied in an offended tone. And -the Gryphon added 'Come, let's hear some of YOUR adventures.' - -'I could tell you my adventures--beginning from this morning,' said -Alice a little timidly: 'but it's no use going back to yesterday, -because I was a different person then.' - -'Explain all that,' said the Mock Turtle. - -'No, no! The adventures first,' said the Gryphon in an impatient tone: -'explanations take such a dreadful time.' - -So Alice began telling them her adventures from the time when she first -saw the White Rabbit. She was a little nervous about it just at first, -the two creatures got so close to her, one on each side, and opened -their eyes and mouths so VERY wide, but she gained courage as she went -on. Her listeners were perfectly quiet till she got to the part about -her repeating 'YOU ARE OLD, FATHER WILLIAM,' to the Caterpillar, and the -words all coming different, and then the Mock Turtle drew a long breath, -and said 'That's very curious.' - -'It's all about as curious as it can be,' said the Gryphon. - -'It all came different!' the Mock Turtle repeated thoughtfully. 'I -should like to hear her try and repeat something now. Tell her to -begin.' He looked at the Gryphon as if he thought it had some kind of -authority over Alice. - -'Stand up and repeat "'TIS THE VOICE OF THE SLUGGARD,"' said the -Gryphon. - -'How the creatures order one about, and make one repeat lessons!' -thought Alice; 'I might as well be at school at once.' However, she -got up, and began to repeat it, but her head was so full of the Lobster -Quadrille, that she hardly knew what she was saying, and the words came -very queer indeed:-- - - ''Tis the voice of the Lobster; I heard him declare, - "You have baked me too brown, I must sugar my hair." - As a duck with its eyelids, so he with his nose - Trims his belt and his buttons, and turns out his toes.' - - [later editions continued as follows - When the sands are all dry, he is gay as a lark, - And will talk in contemptuous tones of the Shark, - But, when the tide rises and sharks are around, - His voice has a timid and tremulous sound.] - -'That's different from what I used to say when I was a child,' said the -Gryphon. - -'Well, I never heard it before,' said the Mock Turtle; 'but it sounds -uncommon nonsense.' - -Alice said nothing; she had sat down with her face in her hands, -wondering if anything would EVER happen in a natural way again. - -'I should like to have it explained,' said the Mock Turtle. - -'She can't explain it,' said the Gryphon hastily. 'Go on with the next -verse.' - -'But about his toes?' the Mock Turtle persisted. 'How COULD he turn them -out with his nose, you know?' - -'It's the first position in dancing.' Alice said; but was dreadfully -puzzled by the whole thing, and longed to change the subject. - -'Go on with the next verse,' the Gryphon repeated impatiently: 'it -begins "I passed by his garden."' - -Alice did not dare to disobey, though she felt sure it would all come -wrong, and she went on in a trembling voice:-- - - 'I passed by his garden, and marked, with one eye, - How the Owl and the Panther were sharing a pie--' - - [later editions continued as follows - The Panther took pie-crust, and gravy, and meat, - While the Owl had the dish as its share of the treat. - When the pie was all finished, the Owl, as a boon, - Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon: - While the Panther received knife and fork with a growl, - And concluded the banquet--] - -'What IS the use of repeating all that stuff,' the Mock Turtle -interrupted, 'if you don't explain it as you go on? It's by far the most -confusing thing I ever heard!' - -'Yes, I think you'd better leave off,' said the Gryphon: and Alice was -only too glad to do so. - -'Shall we try another figure of the Lobster Quadrille?' the Gryphon went -on. 'Or would you like the Mock Turtle to sing you a song?' - -'Oh, a song, please, if the Mock Turtle would be so kind,' Alice -replied, so eagerly that the Gryphon said, in a rather offended tone, -'Hm! No accounting for tastes! Sing her "Turtle Soup," will you, old -fellow?' - -The Mock Turtle sighed deeply, and began, in a voice sometimes choked -with sobs, to sing this:-- - - 'Beautiful Soup, so rich and green, - Waiting in a hot tureen! - Who for such dainties would not stoop? - Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup! - Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup! - Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! - Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! - Soo--oop of the e--e--evening, - Beautiful, beautiful Soup! - - 'Beautiful Soup! Who cares for fish, - Game, or any other dish? - Who would not give all else for two - Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup? - Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup? - Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! - Beau--ootiful Soo--oop! - Soo--oop of the e--e--evening, - Beautiful, beauti--FUL SOUP!' - -'Chorus again!' cried the Gryphon, and the Mock Turtle had just begun -to repeat it, when a cry of 'The trial's beginning!' was heard in the -distance. - -'Come on!' cried the Gryphon, and, taking Alice by the hand, it hurried -off, without waiting for the end of the song. - -'What trial is it?' Alice panted as she ran; but the Gryphon only -answered 'Come on!' and ran the faster, while more and more faintly -came, carried on the breeze that followed them, the melancholy words:-- - - 'Soo--oop of the e--e--evening, - Beautiful, beautiful Soup!' - - - - -CHAPTER XI. Who Stole the Tarts? - -The King and Queen of Hearts were seated on their throne when they -arrived, with a great crowd assembled about them--all sorts of little -birds and beasts, as well as the whole pack of cards: the Knave was -standing before them, in chains, with a soldier on each side to guard -him; and near the King was the White Rabbit, with a trumpet in one hand, -and a scroll of parchment in the other. In the very middle of the court -was a table, with a large dish of tarts upon it: they looked so good, -that it made Alice quite hungry to look at them--'I wish they'd get the -trial done,' she thought, 'and hand round the refreshments!' But there -seemed to be no chance of this, so she began looking at everything about -her, to pass away the time. - -Alice had never been in a court of justice before, but she had read -about them in books, and she was quite pleased to find that she knew -the name of nearly everything there. 'That's the judge,' she said to -herself, 'because of his great wig.' - -The judge, by the way, was the King; and as he wore his crown over the -wig, (look at the frontispiece if you want to see how he did it,) he did -not look at all comfortable, and it was certainly not becoming. - -'And that's the jury-box,' thought Alice, 'and those twelve creatures,' -(she was obliged to say 'creatures,' you see, because some of them were -animals, and some were birds,) 'I suppose they are the jurors.' She said -this last word two or three times over to herself, being rather proud of -it: for she thought, and rightly too, that very few little girls of her -age knew the meaning of it at all. However, 'jury-men' would have done -just as well. - -The twelve jurors were all writing very busily on slates. 'What are they -doing?' Alice whispered to the Gryphon. 'They can't have anything to put -down yet, before the trial's begun.' - -'They're putting down their names,' the Gryphon whispered in reply, 'for -fear they should forget them before the end of the trial.' - -'Stupid things!' Alice began in a loud, indignant voice, but she stopped -hastily, for the White Rabbit cried out, 'Silence in the court!' and the -King put on his spectacles and looked anxiously round, to make out who -was talking. - -Alice could see, as well as if she were looking over their shoulders, -that all the jurors were writing down 'stupid things!' on their slates, -and she could even make out that one of them didn't know how to spell -'stupid,' and that he had to ask his neighbour to tell him. 'A nice -muddle their slates'll be in before the trial's over!' thought Alice. - -One of the jurors had a pencil that squeaked. This of course, Alice -could not stand, and she went round the court and got behind him, and -very soon found an opportunity of taking it away. She did it so quickly -that the poor little juror (it was Bill, the Lizard) could not make out -at all what had become of it; so, after hunting all about for it, he was -obliged to write with one finger for the rest of the day; and this was -of very little use, as it left no mark on the slate. - -'Herald, read the accusation!' said the King. - -On this the White Rabbit blew three blasts on the trumpet, and then -unrolled the parchment scroll, and read as follows:-- - - 'The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts, - All on a summer day: - The Knave of Hearts, he stole those tarts, - And took them quite away!' - -'Consider your verdict,' the King said to the jury. - -'Not yet, not yet!' the Rabbit hastily interrupted. 'There's a great -deal to come before that!' - -'Call the first witness,' said the King; and the White Rabbit blew three -blasts on the trumpet, and called out, 'First witness!' - -The first witness was the Hatter. He came in with a teacup in one -hand and a piece of bread-and-butter in the other. 'I beg pardon, your -Majesty,' he began, 'for bringing these in: but I hadn't quite finished -my tea when I was sent for.' - -'You ought to have finished,' said the King. 'When did you begin?' - -The Hatter looked at the March Hare, who had followed him into the -court, arm-in-arm with the Dormouse. 'Fourteenth of March, I think it -was,' he said. - -'Fifteenth,' said the March Hare. - -'Sixteenth,' added the Dormouse. - -'Write that down,' the King said to the jury, and the jury eagerly -wrote down all three dates on their slates, and then added them up, and -reduced the answer to shillings and pence. - -'Take off your hat,' the King said to the Hatter. - -'It isn't mine,' said the Hatter. - -'Stolen!' the King exclaimed, turning to the jury, who instantly made a -memorandum of the fact. - -'I keep them to sell,' the Hatter added as an explanation; 'I've none of -my own. I'm a hatter.' - -Here the Queen put on her spectacles, and began staring at the Hatter, -who turned pale and fidgeted. - -'Give your evidence,' said the King; 'and don't be nervous, or I'll have -you executed on the spot.' - -This did not seem to encourage the witness at all: he kept shifting -from one foot to the other, looking uneasily at the Queen, and in -his confusion he bit a large piece out of his teacup instead of the -bread-and-butter. - -Just at this moment Alice felt a very curious sensation, which puzzled -her a good deal until she made out what it was: she was beginning to -grow larger again, and she thought at first she would get up and leave -the court; but on second thoughts she decided to remain where she was as -long as there was room for her. - -'I wish you wouldn't squeeze so.' said the Dormouse, who was sitting -next to her. 'I can hardly breathe.' - -'I can't help it,' said Alice very meekly: 'I'm growing.' - -'You've no right to grow here,' said the Dormouse. - -'Don't talk nonsense,' said Alice more boldly: 'you know you're growing -too.' - -'Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,' said the Dormouse: 'not in that -ridiculous fashion.' And he got up very sulkily and crossed over to the -other side of the court. - -All this time the Queen had never left off staring at the Hatter, and, -just as the Dormouse crossed the court, she said to one of the officers -of the court, 'Bring me the list of the singers in the last concert!' on -which the wretched Hatter trembled so, that he shook both his shoes off. - -'Give your evidence,' the King repeated angrily, 'or I'll have you -executed, whether you're nervous or not.' - -'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' the Hatter began, in a trembling voice, -'--and I hadn't begun my tea--not above a week or so--and what with the -bread-and-butter getting so thin--and the twinkling of the tea--' - -'The twinkling of the what?' said the King. - -'It began with the tea,' the Hatter replied. - -'Of course twinkling begins with a T!' said the King sharply. 'Do you -take me for a dunce? Go on!' - -'I'm a poor man,' the Hatter went on, 'and most things twinkled after -that--only the March Hare said--' - -'I didn't!' the March Hare interrupted in a great hurry. - -'You did!' said the Hatter. - -'I deny it!' said the March Hare. - -'He denies it,' said the King: 'leave out that part.' - -'Well, at any rate, the Dormouse said--' the Hatter went on, looking -anxiously round to see if he would deny it too: but the Dormouse denied -nothing, being fast asleep. - -'After that,' continued the Hatter, 'I cut some more bread-and-butter--' - -'But what did the Dormouse say?' one of the jury asked. - -'That I can't remember,' said the Hatter. - -'You MUST remember,' remarked the King, 'or I'll have you executed.' - -The miserable Hatter dropped his teacup and bread-and-butter, and went -down on one knee. 'I'm a poor man, your Majesty,' he began. - -'You're a very poor speaker,' said the King. - -Here one of the guinea-pigs cheered, and was immediately suppressed by -the officers of the court. (As that is rather a hard word, I will just -explain to you how it was done. They had a large canvas bag, which tied -up at the mouth with strings: into this they slipped the guinea-pig, -head first, and then sat upon it.) - -'I'm glad I've seen that done,' thought Alice. 'I've so often read -in the newspapers, at the end of trials, "There was some attempts -at applause, which was immediately suppressed by the officers of the -court," and I never understood what it meant till now.' - -'If that's all you know about it, you may stand down,' continued the -King. - -'I can't go no lower,' said the Hatter: 'I'm on the floor, as it is.' - -'Then you may SIT down,' the King replied. - -Here the other guinea-pig cheered, and was suppressed. - -'Come, that finished the guinea-pigs!' thought Alice. 'Now we shall get -on better.' - -'I'd rather finish my tea,' said the Hatter, with an anxious look at the -Queen, who was reading the list of singers. - -'You may go,' said the King, and the Hatter hurriedly left the court, -without even waiting to put his shoes on. - -'--and just take his head off outside,' the Queen added to one of the -officers: but the Hatter was out of sight before the officer could get -to the door. - -'Call the next witness!' said the King. - -The next witness was the Duchess's cook. She carried the pepper-box in -her hand, and Alice guessed who it was, even before she got into the -court, by the way the people near the door began sneezing all at once. - -'Give your evidence,' said the King. - -'Shan't,' said the cook. - -The King looked anxiously at the White Rabbit, who said in a low voice, -'Your Majesty must cross-examine THIS witness.' - -'Well, if I must, I must,' the King said, with a melancholy air, and, -after folding his arms and frowning at the cook till his eyes were -nearly out of sight, he said in a deep voice, 'What are tarts made of?' - -'Pepper, mostly,' said the cook. - -'Treacle,' said a sleepy voice behind her. - -'Collar that Dormouse,' the Queen shrieked out. 'Behead that Dormouse! -Turn that Dormouse out of court! Suppress him! Pinch him! Off with his -whiskers!' - -For some minutes the whole court was in confusion, getting the Dormouse -turned out, and, by the time they had settled down again, the cook had -disappeared. - -'Never mind!' said the King, with an air of great relief. 'Call the next -witness.' And he added in an undertone to the Queen, 'Really, my dear, -YOU must cross-examine the next witness. It quite makes my forehead -ache!' - -Alice watched the White Rabbit as he fumbled over the list, feeling very -curious to see what the next witness would be like, '--for they haven't -got much evidence YET,' she said to herself. Imagine her surprise, when -the White Rabbit read out, at the top of his shrill little voice, the -name 'Alice!' - - - - -CHAPTER XII. Alice's Evidence - - -'Here!' cried Alice, quite forgetting in the flurry of the moment how -large she had grown in the last few minutes, and she jumped up in such -a hurry that she tipped over the jury-box with the edge of her skirt, -upsetting all the jurymen on to the heads of the crowd below, and there -they lay sprawling about, reminding her very much of a globe of goldfish -she had accidentally upset the week before. - -'Oh, I BEG your pardon!' she exclaimed in a tone of great dismay, and -began picking them up again as quickly as she could, for the accident of -the goldfish kept running in her head, and she had a vague sort of idea -that they must be collected at once and put back into the jury-box, or -they would die. - -'The trial cannot proceed,' said the King in a very grave voice, 'until -all the jurymen are back in their proper places--ALL,' he repeated with -great emphasis, looking hard at Alice as he said do. - -Alice looked at the jury-box, and saw that, in her haste, she had put -the Lizard in head downwards, and the poor little thing was waving its -tail about in a melancholy way, being quite unable to move. She soon got -it out again, and put it right; 'not that it signifies much,' she said -to herself; 'I should think it would be QUITE as much use in the trial -one way up as the other.' - -As soon as the jury had a little recovered from the shock of being -upset, and their slates and pencils had been found and handed back to -them, they set to work very diligently to write out a history of the -accident, all except the Lizard, who seemed too much overcome to do -anything but sit with its mouth open, gazing up into the roof of the -court. - -'What do you know about this business?' the King said to Alice. - -'Nothing,' said Alice. - -'Nothing WHATEVER?' persisted the King. - -'Nothing whatever,' said Alice. - -'That's very important,' the King said, turning to the jury. They were -just beginning to write this down on their slates, when the White Rabbit -interrupted: 'UNimportant, your Majesty means, of course,' he said in a -very respectful tone, but frowning and making faces at him as he spoke. - -'UNimportant, of course, I meant,' the King hastily said, and went on -to himself in an undertone, - -'important--unimportant--unimportant--important--' as if he were trying -which word sounded best. - -Some of the jury wrote it down 'important,' and some 'unimportant.' -Alice could see this, as she was near enough to look over their slates; -'but it doesn't matter a bit,' she thought to herself. - -At this moment the King, who had been for some time busily writing in -his note-book, cackled out 'Silence!' and read out from his book, 'Rule -Forty-two. ALL PERSONS MORE THAN A MILE HIGH TO LEAVE THE COURT.' - -Everybody looked at Alice. - -'I'M not a mile high,' said Alice. - -'You are,' said the King. - -'Nearly two miles high,' added the Queen. - -'Well, I shan't go, at any rate,' said Alice: 'besides, that's not a -regular rule: you invented it just now.' - -'It's the oldest rule in the book,' said the King. - -'Then it ought to be Number One,' said Alice. - -The King turned pale, and shut his note-book hastily. 'Consider your -verdict,' he said to the jury, in a low, trembling voice. - -'There's more evidence to come yet, please your Majesty,' said the White -Rabbit, jumping up in a great hurry; 'this paper has just been picked -up.' - -'What's in it?' said the Queen. - -'I haven't opened it yet,' said the White Rabbit, 'but it seems to be a -letter, written by the prisoner to--to somebody.' - -'It must have been that,' said the King, 'unless it was written to -nobody, which isn't usual, you know.' - -'Who is it directed to?' said one of the jurymen. - -'It isn't directed at all,' said the White Rabbit; 'in fact, there's -nothing written on the OUTSIDE.' He unfolded the paper as he spoke, and -added 'It isn't a letter, after all: it's a set of verses.' - -'Are they in the prisoner's handwriting?' asked another of the jurymen. - -'No, they're not,' said the White Rabbit, 'and that's the queerest thing -about it.' (The jury all looked puzzled.) - -'He must have imitated somebody else's hand,' said the King. (The jury -all brightened up again.) - -'Please your Majesty,' said the Knave, 'I didn't write it, and they -can't prove I did: there's no name signed at the end.' - -'If you didn't sign it,' said the King, 'that only makes the matter -worse. You MUST have meant some mischief, or else you'd have signed your -name like an honest man.' - -There was a general clapping of hands at this: it was the first really -clever thing the King had said that day. - -'That PROVES his guilt,' said the Queen. - -'It proves nothing of the sort!' said Alice. 'Why, you don't even know -what they're about!' - -'Read them,' said the King. - -The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. 'Where shall I begin, please -your Majesty?' he asked. - -'Begin at the beginning,' the King said gravely, 'and go on till you -come to the end: then stop.' - -These were the verses the White Rabbit read:-- - - 'They told me you had been to her, - And mentioned me to him: - She gave me a good character, - But said I could not swim. - - He sent them word I had not gone - (We know it to be true): - If she should push the matter on, - What would become of you? - - I gave her one, they gave him two, - You gave us three or more; - They all returned from him to you, - Though they were mine before. - - If I or she should chance to be - Involved in this affair, - He trusts to you to set them free, - Exactly as we were. - - My notion was that you had been - (Before she had this fit) - An obstacle that came between - Him, and ourselves, and it. - - Don't let him know she liked them best, - For this must ever be - A secret, kept from all the rest, - Between yourself and me.' - -'That's the most important piece of evidence we've heard yet,' said the -King, rubbing his hands; 'so now let the jury--' - -'If any one of them can explain it,' said Alice, (she had grown so large -in the last few minutes that she wasn't a bit afraid of interrupting -him,) 'I'll give him sixpence. _I_ don't believe there's an atom of -meaning in it.' - -The jury all wrote down on their slates, 'SHE doesn't believe there's an -atom of meaning in it,' but none of them attempted to explain the paper. - -'If there's no meaning in it,' said the King, 'that saves a world of -trouble, you know, as we needn't try to find any. And yet I don't know,' -he went on, spreading out the verses on his knee, and looking at them -with one eye; 'I seem to see some meaning in them, after all. "--SAID -I COULD NOT SWIM--" you can't swim, can you?' he added, turning to the -Knave. - -The Knave shook his head sadly. 'Do I look like it?' he said. (Which he -certainly did NOT, being made entirely of cardboard.) - -'All right, so far,' said the King, and he went on muttering over -the verses to himself: '"WE KNOW IT TO BE TRUE--" that's the jury, of -course--"I GAVE HER ONE, THEY GAVE HIM TWO--" why, that must be what he -did with the tarts, you know--' - -'But, it goes on "THEY ALL RETURNED FROM HIM TO YOU,"' said Alice. - -'Why, there they are!' said the King triumphantly, pointing to the tarts -on the table. 'Nothing can be clearer than THAT. Then again--"BEFORE SHE -HAD THIS FIT--" you never had fits, my dear, I think?' he said to the -Queen. - -'Never!' said the Queen furiously, throwing an inkstand at the Lizard -as she spoke. (The unfortunate little Bill had left off writing on his -slate with one finger, as he found it made no mark; but he now hastily -began again, using the ink, that was trickling down his face, as long as -it lasted.) - -'Then the words don't FIT you,' said the King, looking round the court -with a smile. There was a dead silence. - -'It's a pun!' the King added in an offended tone, and everybody laughed, -'Let the jury consider their verdict,' the King said, for about the -twentieth time that day. - -'No, no!' said the Queen. 'Sentence first--verdict afterwards.' - -'Stuff and nonsense!' said Alice loudly. 'The idea of having the -sentence first!' - -'Hold your tongue!' said the Queen, turning purple. - -'I won't!' said Alice. - -'Off with her head!' the Queen shouted at the top of her voice. Nobody -moved. - -'Who cares for you?' said Alice, (she had grown to her full size by this -time.) 'You're nothing but a pack of cards!' - -At this the whole pack rose up into the air, and came flying down upon -her: she gave a little scream, half of fright and half of anger, and -tried to beat them off, and found herself lying on the bank, with her -head in the lap of her sister, who was gently brushing away some dead -leaves that had fluttered down from the trees upon her face. - -'Wake up, Alice dear!' said her sister; 'Why, what a long sleep you've -had!' - -'Oh, I've had such a curious dream!' said Alice, and she told her -sister, as well as she could remember them, all these strange Adventures -of hers that you have just been reading about; and when she had -finished, her sister kissed her, and said, 'It WAS a curious dream, -dear, certainly: but now run in to your tea; it's getting late.' So -Alice got up and ran off, thinking while she ran, as well she might, -what a wonderful dream it had been. - -But her sister sat still just as she left her, leaning her head on her -hand, watching the setting sun, and thinking of little Alice and all her -wonderful Adventures, till she too began dreaming after a fashion, and -this was her dream:-- - -First, she dreamed of little Alice herself, and once again the tiny -hands were clasped upon her knee, and the bright eager eyes were looking -up into hers--she could hear the very tones of her voice, and see that -queer little toss of her head to keep back the wandering hair that -WOULD always get into her eyes--and still as she listened, or seemed to -listen, the whole place around her became alive with the strange creatures -of her little sister's dream. - -The long grass rustled at her feet as the White Rabbit hurried by--the -frightened Mouse splashed his way through the neighbouring pool--she -could hear the rattle of the teacups as the March Hare and his friends -shared their never-ending meal, and the shrill voice of the Queen -ordering off her unfortunate guests to execution--once more the pig-baby -was sneezing on the Duchess's knee, while plates and dishes crashed -around it--once more the shriek of the Gryphon, the squeaking of the -Lizard's slate-pencil, and the choking of the suppressed guinea-pigs, -filled the air, mixed up with the distant sobs of the miserable Mock -Turtle. - -So she sat on, with closed eyes, and half believed herself in -Wonderland, though she knew she had but to open them again, and all -would change to dull reality--the grass would be only rustling in the -wind, and the pool rippling to the waving of the reeds--the rattling -teacups would change to tinkling sheep-bells, and the Queen's shrill -cries to the voice of the shepherd boy--and the sneeze of the baby, the -shriek of the Gryphon, and all the other queer noises, would change (she -knew) to the confused clamour of the busy farm-yard--while the lowing -of the cattle in the distance would take the place of the Mock Turtle's -heavy sobs. - -Lastly, she pictured to herself how this same little sister of hers -would, in the after-time, be herself a grown woman; and how she would -keep, through all her riper years, the simple and loving heart of her -childhood: and how she would gather about her other little children, and -make THEIR eyes bright and eager with many a strange tale, perhaps even -with the dream of Wonderland of long ago: and how she would feel with -all their simple sorrows, and find a pleasure in all their simple joys, -remembering her own child-life, and the happy summer days. - - THE END - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND *** - -***** This file should be named 11.txt or 11.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/1/11/ - - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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b/chapter_13/choose_from_hist_13_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index f8aede9..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/choose_from_hist_13_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 13-5 -# Write a function named choose_from_hist that takes a histogram as defined in -# Section 11.1 and returns a random value from the histogram, chosen with -# probability in proportion to frequency. For example, for this histogram: -# -# >>> t = ['a', 'a', 'b'] -# >>> h = histogram(t) -# >>> print h -# {'a': 2, 'b': 1} -# your function should ’a’ with probability 2/3 and 'b' with probability 1/3. -# -import random -import collections - -PROOF_OF_CONCEPT = False - -def histogram(s): - d = collections.Counter() - for c in s: - d[c]+=1 - return d - -t = ['a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd'] - -h = histogram(t) -print h - - -# I got this answer from Stackoverflow. I thought that the solution would be -# a list with a variable number of elements. This is a very efficient way -# to generate such a list using a generator comprehension in a lambda function -# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3679694/a-weighted-version-of-random-choice -# The probolem with this approach is that I am using a list to create a dictionary -# (really a counter - -if PROOF_OF_CONCEPT : - weighted_choice = lambda s : random.choice(sum(([v]*wt for v,wt in s.iteritems()),[])) -else : - def weighted_choice( s ): - w = [[v]*wt for v, wt in s.iteritems()] - return random.choice(sum(w,[])) - -# initialize tally dict -# tally = dict((c[0],0) for c in h) -tally = collections.Counter() - -# tally up 10000 weighted choices -for i in xrange(10000): - tally[weighted_choice(h)] += 1 - -print tally.items() diff --git a/chapter_13/critique_book_13_2.py b/chapter_13/critique_book_13_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 141ab54..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/critique_book_13_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 13-2 -# Go to Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org) and download your favorite -# out-of-copyright book in plain text format. -# -# Modify your program from the previous exercise to read the book you -# downloaded, skip over the header information at the beginning of the file, -# and process the rest of the words as before. -# -# Then modify the program to count the total number of words in the book, and -# the number of times each word is used. -# -# -# Print the number of different words used in the book. Compare different -# books by different authors, written in different eras. Which author uses -# the most extensive vocabulary? - -import strip_words_13_1 -import sys -import collections # This includes the Counter class - - - -def file_to_word_list( filename ) : - """This function takes all of the text in file filename and returns a list -of all of the words in the file. All of the words are converted to lower case -and all punctuation is removed. For example, don't gets converted to dont. This -function also skips through the header. The end of the header can be recognized -by three asterisks (***) at the beginning of the line""" -# Skip the header - lc = 0 - f = open(filename, "r" ) - for line in f : - lc += 1 - # print lc,line[0:3],":", line - if line[0:3] == "***" : - break - - doc_word_list = [] - for line in f : -# split a line of text into words, splitting on space characters - line_word_list = line.split() - for word in line_word_list : - doc_word_list.append ( strip_words_13_1.process_word ( word ) ) - return doc_word_list - -def word_counter ( word_list ) : - """This function counts the words in word list and returns a Counter object -with the words as the keys and the number of occurances of each word as the -value """ - counter = collections.Counter() - for word in word_list : - counter[word] += 1 - return counter - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - doc_word_list = file_to_word_list ( sys.argv[1] ) - census = word_counter ( doc_word_list ) - num_of_words = len(census) - for word in census : - print word,":",census[word] - print "There are %d distinct words in %s" % ( num_of_words, sys.argv[1] ) diff --git a/chapter_13/obscure_words_13_4.py b/chapter_13/obscure_words_13_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0455932..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/obscure_words_13_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 13-4 -# -# Modify the previous program to read a word list (see Section 9.1) and then -# print all the words in the book that are not in the word list. How many of -# them are typos? How many of them are common words that should be in the word -# list, and how many of them are really obscure? - - -import critique_book_13_2 -import sys - - - -# This is pretty much all of exercise 9.1 -def read_word_list() : - """This function opens the file word.txt and reads it in, stripping all of -the newlines from it. It then returns the contents of the file as a list""" - fin = open("words.txt", "r") - word_list = [] - for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - word_list.append(word) - fin.close() - return word_list - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - word_list = read_word_list() - doc_word_list = critique_book_13_2.file_to_word_list( sys.argv[1] ) - census = critique_book_13_2.word_counter ( doc_word_list ) - for word in census : - if word not in word_list : - print word - - diff --git a/chapter_13/strip_words_13_1.py b/chapter_13/strip_words_13_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 359cb02..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/strip_words_13_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# Exercise 1 Write a program that reads a file, breaks each line into words, -# strips whitespace and punctuation from the words, and converts them to -# lowercase. Hint: The string module provides strings named whitespace, -# which contains space, tab, newline, etc., and punctuation which contains the -# punctuation characters. Let’s see if we can make Python swear: -# -# >>> import string -# >>> print string.punctuation -# !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ -# Also, you might consider using the string methods strip, replace and -# translate. - -import string -import sys - -def process_word ( word ) : - """This function takes word, reduces it to lowercase, and removes all -punctuation""" - word = word.lower() -# http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html?highlight=translate#str.translate - word = word.translate( None, string.punctuation+string.whitespace ) - return word - - -def file_to_word_list( filename ) : - """This function takes all of the text in file filename and returns a list -of all of the words in the file. All of the words are converted to lower case -and all punctuation is removed. For example, don't gets converted to dont""" - f = open(filename, "r" ) - doc_word_list = [] - for line in f : -# split a line of text into words, splitting on space characters - line_word_list = line.split() - for word in line_word_list : - doc_word_list.append ( process_word ( word ) ) - return doc_word_list - - - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - filename = sys.argv[1] - word_list = file_to_word_list ( filename ) - for word in word_list : - print word - - - - diff --git a/chapter_13/zipf_c13x09.py b/chapter_13/zipf_c13x09.py deleted file mode 100644 index f5d039f..0000000 --- a/chapter_13/zipf_c13x09.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -''' 20121117jdr - Write a program that reads text from a file, counts word frequencies, and - prints one line for each word, in descending order of frequency, with log(f) - and log(r).''' - -import math, critique_book_13_2 - -def sum_freq(c): - ''' Given a list of words, return a dict of word/frequency as key/value. - c: List of words (as in a book) - d: Dict of word/frequency key/value pairs to return - w: Each word in list c''' - d = {} - for w in c: d[w] = (d[w] if w in d else 0) + 1 # Insert/increment - return d - -def sort_val(d): - ''' Given a dict of word/frequency key/value pairs, return a sorted list of - frequency/word tuples. - Note: this is tuples of values and keys, not tuples of keys and values. - d: Dict of word/frequency pairs - t: List of frequency/word tuples to make, fill, sort and return - w: Each word (key) in dict d''' - t = [] - for w in d: t.append((d[w], w)) # Append frequency/word tuples - t.sort(reverse = True) # Sord descending on frequency - return t - -def add_rank(t): - ''' Given a list of frequency/word tuples that is sorted from highest to - lowest frequency, calculate the rank for each frequency and replace the - tuples with tuples of log(frequency)/log(rank)/word. - t: List of frequency/word tuples, sorted descending on frequency, to be - changed to a list of log(f)/log(r)/word tuples (same order) - r: Rank--starts at 1 and increments by 1 at each drop in frequency - i: Index of the for loop''' - r = 1 - p = t[0][0] # The previous frequency to start with - for i in range(len(t)): - if t[i][0] < p: r += 1 # Up r when f drops - p = t[i][0] # Get previous frequency for next loop - t[i] = (math.log(t[i][0]), math.log(r), t[i][1]) - -def out_file(t, csv): - ''' Write the tuples in a given list to the specified file. - Separate the columns with commas and the lines with newlines. - t: List of log(f)/log(r)/word tuples to write - csv: Path and name of csv file to write out - fout: File handle - i: Each tuple in list t''' - fout = open(csv, 'w') - fout.write( 'logf, logr, word\n') - for i in t: fout.write('%f, %f, "%s"\n' % i) - fout.close() - -def zipf_csv(txt, csv): - ''' Write out a Zipf's law csv file based on a list of words. - txt: Path and name of text file (like a book) to evaluate - csv: Path and name of resulting csv file to write out - c: List of words in the given input file - d: Dict of items and their frequency in c. - s: List of frequency/word tuples, to be sorted (a form of Ranking) and - then changed into a list of log(f)/log(r)/word tuples, to be output - and graphed''' - c = critique_book_13_2.file_to_word_list(txt) - d = sum_freq(c) - s = sort_val(d) - add_rank(s) - out_file(s, csv) - -# Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll -# http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11 -zipf_csv('Alice.txt', 'c13x09.csv') diff --git a/chapter_14/anagrams_12_4.py b/chapter_14/anagrams_12_4.py deleted file mode 120000 index 74f5e0e..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/anagrams_12_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../chapter_12/anagrams_12_4.py \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chapter_14/find_costars_14_7.py b/chapter_14/find_costars_14_7.py deleted file mode 100644 index 09360a7..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/find_costars_14_7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# Two actors are “costars” if they have been in at least one movie together. -# Process the database you built in the previous step and build a second -# database that maps from each actor to a list of his or her costars. - -import shelve - -def are_costars( actor_1, actor_2 ) : - """This function returns True if the two actors both starred in the same -movie, False otherwise""" - movie_1 = actor_db[actor_1] - movie_2 = actor_db[actor_2] -# The roles will be different, so we can't just compare tuples - return movie_1[0] == movie_2[0] and movie_1[1] == movie_2[1] - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : -# Open the shelve database for reading - actor_db = shelve.open("movie_db.shelve", flag="r") - - for actor_1 in actor_db.keys() : - for actor_2 in actor_db.keys() : - if are_costars( actor_1, actor_2 ) : - print actor_1, "and", actor_2, "both appeared in ", \ - actor_db[actor_1][0], "made in ", actor_db[actor_1][1] - print actor_1, "portrayed", actor_db[actor_1][2] - print actor_2, "portrayed", actor_db[actor_2][2] -# If I wanted to do a stretch, then I could put in some code so that if -# actor_1 and actor_2 are co-stars, then it wouldn't list actor_2 and actor_1 as -# costars. I leave this an exercise for future. - - - - diff --git a/chapter_14/find_duplicates_14_6.py b/chapter_14/find_duplicates_14_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 56e8bc1..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/find_duplicates_14_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,67 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# In a large collection of MP3 files, there may be more than one copy of the -# same song, stored in different directories or with different file names. The -# goal of this exercise is to search for these duplicates. -# -# Write a program that searches a directory and all of its subdirectories, -# recursively, and returns a list of complete paths for all files with a given -# suffix (like .mp3). Hint: os.path provides several useful functions for -# manipulating file and path names. To recognize duplicates, you can use a -# hash function that reads the file and generates a short summary of the -# contents. For example, MD5 (Message-Digest algorithm 5) takes an -# arbitrarily-long “message” and returns a 128-bit “checksum.” The probability -# is very small that two files with different contents will return the same -# checksum. - -# You can read about MD5 at wikipedia.org/wiki/Md5. On a Unix system you can -# use the program md5sum and a pipe to compute checksums from Python. - -# The data structure I picked for this implementation was a directory keyed by -# MD5 sum and which contains a list of files with the same checksum -# -# http://docs.python.org/2/library/md5.html -import md5 # Note that this is portable across operating systems, while spawning - # a subprocess has portability issues -import os -import sys - - -def walk_files ( root_dir ) : - md5_dict = {} - for root, sub_folders, files in os.walk(root_dir): - if sub_folders != [] : - for folder in sub_folders: - folder_path = os.path.join(root, folder ) - print "Entering directory %s" % folder_path -# According to http://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html, os.path.join automatically picks the right -# os.sep -# YOU CANNOT ADD TO DICTIONARIES TOGETHER. FIND OUT HOW TO CONCATENATE DICTIONARIES - md5_dict += walk_files( folder_path ) - else : - for filename in files: - try : - file_path = os.path.join(root,filename) - print "Proessing %s" % file_path - f = open(file_path,"rb") # mp3 files are binary - file_contents = ''.join ( f.readlines() ) # read the entire file into - # RAM. The result of readlines is a list, so join them with no - # separator - m = md5.new( file_contents ) - md5_sum = m.hexdigest() - md5_dict[md5_sum] = md5_dict.setdefault(md5_sum,[]) + [file_path] - except IOError, e : - print "Exeception IOError was raised %s", e - - return md5_dict - -rootdir = sys.argv[1] -md5_dict = walk_files (rootdir) - -for md5_sum in md5_dict : - file_list = md5_dict[md5_sum] - if len(file_list) > 1 : - print "The following files are duplicates", file_list - diff --git a/chapter_14/imdb.py b/chapter_14/imdb.py deleted file mode 100644 index ca90a54..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/imdb.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,90 +0,0 @@ -"""This file contains code for use with "Python for Software Design", -available from Cambridge University Press, and "Think Python," -available from greenteapress.com - -Copyright 2010 Allen B. Downey -License: GNU GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html -""" - -import os -import re - -def open_gunzip(filename): - """open the filename, using a pipe and gunzip to read a - compressed file without uncompressing the whole thing.""" - cmd = 'gunzip -c ' + filename - fp = os.popen(cmd) - return fp - -def process_file(filename, f, num=float('Inf')): - """read the given filename and extract information; - for each film, call f() with string arguments: - actor, date, title, role """ - - fp = open_gunzip(filename) - i = 0 - - # skip over the header until you get to the following magic line - for line in fp: - if line.strip() == '---- ------': - break - - # regexp to recognize actor, tabs, movie - split1 = re.compile('([^\t]*)\t*(.*)', re.UNICODE) - - # regexp to recognize title, date, role - split2 = re.compile('([^\(]*)\s*(\([^\)]*\))[^\[]*(\[[^\]]*\])?', - re.UNICODE) - - # regexp to recognize television (TV), video (V), video game (VG) - video = re.compile('\(T?V|VG\)', re.U) - - actor = '' - for line in fp: - line = line.rstrip() - if line == '': continue - if line[0] == '-----': break - - # split the line into actor info and movie info; - # keep track of the current actor - ro = split1.match(line) - if ro: - new_actor, info = ro.groups() - if new_actor: - actor = new_actor - else: - print 'BAD1', line - continue - - # skip television shows (titles in quotation marks) - if info[0] == '"': - continue - - # skip made for TV and straight to video - if video.search(info): - continue - - # split the info into title, date and role - ro = split2.match(info) - if ro: - title, date, role = ro.groups() - if date == None: - print 'BAD2', line - continue - - f(actor, date, title, role) - i += 1 - if i > num: break - else: - print 'BAD3', line - continue - - stat = fp.close() - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - - def print_info(actor, date, title, role): - print actor, date, title, role - - process_file('actors.list.gz', print_info) diff --git a/chapter_14/imdb_14_7.py b/chapter_14/imdb_14_7.py deleted file mode 100644 index d5454ed..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/imdb_14_7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online collection of information -# about movies. Their database is available in plain text format, so it is -# reasonably easy to read from Python. For this exercise, the files you need -# are actors.list.gz and actresses.list.gz; you can download them from -# www.imdb.com/interfaces#plain. -# -# I have written a program that parses these files and splits them into actor -# names, movie titles, etc. You can download it from -# thinkpython.com/code/imdb.py. -# If you run imdb.py as a script, it reads actors.list.gz and prints one -# actor-movie pair per line. Or, if you import imdb you can use the function -# process_file to, well, process the file. The arguments are a filename, a -# function object and an optional number of lines to process. Here is an -# example: -# import imdb -# -# def print_info(actor, date, title, role): -# print actor, date, title, role - -# imdb.process_file('actors.list.gz', print_info) -# -# When you call process_file, it opens filename, reads the contents, and calls -# print_info once for each line in the file. print_info takes an actor, date, -# movie title and role as arguments and prints them. -# Write a program that reads actors.list.gz and actresses.list.gz and uses -# shelve to build a database that maps from each actor to a list of his or her -# films. -# Two actors are “costars” if they have been in at least one movie together. -# Process the database you built in the previous step and build a second -# database that maps from each actor to a list of his or her costars. -# Write a program that can play the “Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon,” which you -# can read about at wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon. This -# problem is challenging because it requires you to find the shortest path in -# a graph. You can read about shortest path algorithms at -# wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortest_path_problem. - -import imdb -import shelve - -def store_actor_movie_record(actor, date, title, role) : - """This function stores an actor movie record""" - global actor_db - - movie_record = (title, date, role ) # store the date to disambiguate two - # movies with the same name - # For example Mutiny on the - # Bounty was made twice, once in - # 1935 and once in 1962 - actor_db[actor] = actor_db.setdefault( actor, [] ) + [movie_record] - print actor,"in", title, date, "playing", role - - -def populate_database(imdb_file) : - """this function builds a actor database""" - - try : # There is an empty string in the database which causes an IndexError - imdb.process_file(imdb_file, store_actor_movie_record) - except IndexError, e: - print "imdb.process_file threw a string index error %s. Giving up on %s and continuing" % \ - ( e, imdb_file ) - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : -# This dictionary is key'd by actor name. Each key has the value of a list of -# movie titles -# flag=c means open for read and write, creating if need be -# flag=n means open for destructive write (new). We want to open the shelve file -# for writing because if it already exists, then it is from a run that -# terminated abnormally - actor_db = shelve.open("movie_db.shelve", flag="n") - populate_database("actors.list") - populate_database("actresses.list") - actor_db.close() - - - - diff --git a/chapter_14/pickle_solution_14_3.py b/chapter_14/pickle_solution_14_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 717caaa..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/pickle_solution_14_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 12-3 -# If you did Exercise 12.4, modify your solution so that it creates a database -# that maps from each word in the list to a list of words that use the same set -# of letters. -# Write a different program that opens the database and prints the contents in -# a human-readable format. - - -import pickle - - - -# I decided that rather than import exercise 12-3, I would copy and paste it -# here. -word_list = [] - -def initialize_word_list() : - """This subroutine initializes the list of words. If a word is in this list, -then it is a word""" - global word_list - f = open("words.txt","r") - for line in f: - word = line.strip() - word_list.append ( word ) - f.close() - -def string_to_tuple( word ) : - """Convert string word into a tuple suitable for use as a key to a dictionary -of anagrams""" - this_word_list = list(word) # convert the string to a list so we can sort it - this_word_list.sort() - this_word_tuple = tuple( this_word_list ) # Conver the list to a tuple which can be the key to a dictionary - return this_word_tuple - -def make_dict_of_anagrams ( ) : - """This function returns a dictionary of lists of words which are anagrams. -The keys to the dictionaries are tuples of the letters in the words, sorted""" - anagram_dict = dict() - for word in word_list: - this_word_tuple = string_to_tuple ( word ) - # If key is in the dictionary, return its value. If not, insert key with a - # value of default and return default. default defaults to None. - # See exercise 11-2 - anagram_dict[this_word_tuple] = \ - anagram_dict.setdefault( this_word_tuple, [] ) + [word] - return anagram_dict - -def main() : - initialize_word_list() - anagram_dict=make_dict_of_anagrams() - f=open("anagrams.pickle", "w") - pickle.dump(anagram_dict, f, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL) - f.close() - print "The anagram dictionary has been pickled" - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_14/pickle_solution_reader_14_3.py b/chapter_14/pickle_solution_reader_14_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2233f0c..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/pickle_solution_reader_14_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 12-3 part 2: the reader - -# -import pickle - -f=open("anagrams.pickle","r") # This file was previously pickled -anagram_dict=pickle.load(f) # A dictionary of lists of strings. Each list of - # strings contains anagrams -f.close() - -for key in anagram_dict: - anagram_list = anagram_dict[key] - if len(anagram_list) > 1 : - print anagram_list diff --git a/chapter_14/screen_scrape_14_5.py b/chapter_14/screen_scrape_14_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5a8555c..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/screen_scrape_14_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 14-5. This program demonstrates how to refer to an object on the web -# using the file interface -# -# The urllib module provides methods for manipulating URLs and downloading -# information from the web. The following example downloads and prints a secret -# message from thinkpython.com: -import urllib - - -def extract_substring( fullstring, preamble, postamble ) : - """This function returns the string in fullstring between string preamble -and string postamble""" -# See http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods - try : - start_idx = fullstring.index(preamble) + len(preamble) - end_idx = fullstring.index(postamble) - except ValueError : - print """There is a problem screen scraping. There is a line that contains -%s but not %s, so the indexing functions failed""" % ( preamble, postamble) - extract = fullstring[start_idx:end_idx] - return extract - - - -conn = urllib.urlopen('http://www.uszip.com/zip/02492') -preamble_population = r"Population:" -preamble_location = r"Zip code for " -for line in conn.fp: - if preamble_population in line : - population = extract_substring( line, preamble_population, \ - """ <span style="font-size:10px">""" ) - elif preamble_location in line : - location = extract_substring ( line, preamble_location, " - " ) - else : - pass - -print "The population of %s is %s" % (location, population) - - - diff --git a/chapter_14/urllib_demo_14_5.py b/chapter_14/urllib_demo_14_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6102186..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/urllib_demo_14_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 14-5. This program demonstrates how to refer to an object on the web -# using the file interface -# -# The urllib module provides methods for manipulating URLs and downloading -# information from the web. The following example downloads and prints a secret -# message from thinkpython.com: -import urllib - -conn = urllib.urlopen('http://thinkpython.com/secret.html') -for line in conn.fp: - print line.strip() - - - diff --git a/chapter_14/walk_14_1.py b/chapter_14/walk_14_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5a8852b..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/walk_14_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 1 Modify walk so that instead of printing the names of the files, it -# returns a list of names. - -import os - -def walk(directory): - "Return a list of all the files in the directory tree directory" - file_list = [] - for name in os.listdir(directory): - path = os.path.join(directory, name) - - if os.path.isfile(path): - file_list.append(path) - else: - file_list + walk(path) - return file_list - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - root = raw_input("Enter the directory you want to list ") - file_list = walk( root ) - print file_list - diff --git a/chapter_14/walk_14_2.py b/chapter_14/walk_14_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1446e73..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/walk_14_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# The os module provides a function called walk that is similar to this one -# but more versatile. Read the documentation and use it to print the names of -# the files in a given directory and its subdirectories. -# -# See http://docs.python.org/library/os.html#files-and-directories - -import os - -# you should understand the difference between walk and os.walk -def walk ( directory ) : - "Return a list of all the files in the directory tree directory" - file_list = [] - for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory, topdown=True, onerror=None ): - print "root=",root - print "dirs=",dirs - print "files=",files - for f in files : -# os.sep is the path element separator. It is / for unix and Mac OS X, \ for -# MS-DOS, and . for OpenVMS. - file_list.append( root+ os.sep + f ) - return file_list - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - root = raw_input("Enter the directory you want to list ") - file_list = walk( root ) - print file_list diff --git a/chapter_14/wc_14_4.py b/chapter_14/wc_14_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6b4bbd7..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/wc_14_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Use this program as both a script and as a module in a larger program -import sys -import os - -def linecount(filename): - count = 0 - for line in open(filename): - count += 1 - return count - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - for arg in sys.argv : - if not os.path.isdir(arg) : - lc = linecount ( arg ) - print arg, ":", lc -else : - print "The name of this module is %s" % __name__ - diff --git a/chapter_14/wc_importer_14_4.py b/chapter_14/wc_importer_14_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index e9638da..0000000 --- a/chapter_14/wc_importer_14_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -import wc_14_4 - -print wc_14_4.linecount("wc_importer_14_4.py") - diff --git a/chapter_15/exercise_15_1_distance.py b/chapter_15/exercise_15_1_distance.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8d30277..0000000 --- a/chapter_15/exercise_15_1_distance.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 15-1 Write a function called distance that takes two Points as -# arguments and returns the distance between them. -import math - -class Point ( object ) : - """represents a point in 2-D space""" - pass - -def distance (p_1, p_2 ) : - """The distance between point p_1 and p_2 """ - h = ( p_1.x - p_2.x ) ** 2 + (p_1.y - p_2.y)**2 - return math.sqrt(h) - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_distance ( p1, p2, answer ) : - """This tests distance""" - d = distance ( p1, p2 ) - if abs( d - answer ) < 1.0E-14 : - print "Passed" - else : - print "FAILED: p1=", p1.x, p1.y, "p2=", p2.x, p2.y - - p1 = Point() - p2 = Point() - p1.x = 1 - p1.y = 2 - p2.x = 4 - p2.y = -2 - test_distance (p1, p2, 5 ) - dx = 3.4 - dy = 2.7 - p2.x, p2.y = ( p1.x + dx, p1.y + dy ) - test_distance (p1, p2, math.hypot( dx, dy ) ) - - - diff --git a/chapter_15/exercise_15_2_move_rectangle.py b/chapter_15/exercise_15_2_move_rectangle.py deleted file mode 100644 index a5b0bf1..0000000 --- a/chapter_15/exercise_15_2_move_rectangle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Write a function named move_rectangle that takes a Rectangle and two numbers -# named dx and dy. It should change the location of the rectangle by adding dx -# to the x coordinate of corner and adding dy to the y coordinate of corner. - -class Point ( object ) : - """represents a point in 2-D space""" - pass - - -class Rectangle(object): - """represent a rectangle. Attributes: width, height, corner.""" - pass - -def move_rectangle( r, dx, dy ): - r.corner.x += dx - r.corner.y += dy - -def print_rectangle ( r ) : - assert isinstance (r, Rectangle) - print "Corner ",r.corner.x, r.corner.y, "and corner ", r.corner.x+r.width, \ - r.corner.y + r.height - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - box = Rectangle() - box.width = 4.0 - box.height = 2.0 - box.corner = Point() - box.corner.x = 0.0 - box.corner.y = 0.0 - - print_rectangle ( box ) - move_rectangle ( r=box, dx=3, dy=7 ) - print_rectangle ( box ) - - diff --git a/chapter_15/exercise_15_3_move_rectangle.py b/chapter_15/exercise_15_3_move_rectangle.py deleted file mode 100644 index c8b4251..0000000 --- a/chapter_15/exercise_15_3_move_rectangle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Write a function named move_rectangle that takes a Rectangle and two numbers -# named dx and dy. It should change the location of the rectangle by adding dx -# to the x coordinate of corner and adding dy to the y coordinate of corner. -# Exercise 15-3 Write a version of move_rectangle that creates and returns a -# new Rectangle instead of modifying the old one. -import copy - -class Point ( object ) : - """represents a point in 2-D space""" - pass - - -class Rectangle(object): - """represent a rectangle. Attributes: width, height, corner.""" - pass - -def move_rectangle( r, dx, dy ): - """Copy rectangle r tp p, moving it in the process""" - p = copy.deepcopy(r) - p.corner.x += dx - p.corner.y += dy - return p - -def print_rectangle ( r ) : - assert isinstance (r, Rectangle) - print "Corner ",r.corner.x, r.corner.y, "and corner ", r.corner.x+r.width, \ - r.corner.y + r.height - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - box = Rectangle() - box.width = 4.0 - box.height = 2.0 - box.corner = Point() - box.corner.x = 0.0 - box.corner.y = 0.0 - - print_rectangle ( box ) - p = move_rectangle ( r=box, dx=3, dy=7 ) - print_rectangle ( p ) - - - diff --git a/chapter_15/exercise_15_4_world.py b/chapter_15/exercise_15_4_world.py deleted file mode 100644 index fb636d9..0000000 --- a/chapter_15/exercise_15_4_world.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 15-4 -# World.py, which is part of Swampy (see Chapter 4), contains a class definition -# for a user-defined type called World. You can import it like this: -# -# from World import World -# This version of the import statement imports the World class from the World -# module. The following code creates a World object and calls the mainloop method, which waits for the user. -# world = World() -# world.mainloop() -# A window should appear with a title bar and an empty square. We will use this -# window to draw Points, Rectangles and other shapes. Add the following lines -# before calling mainloop and run the program again. -# -# canvas = world.ca(width=500, height=500, background='white') -# bbox = [[-150,-100], [150, 100]] -# canvas.rectangle(bbox, outline='black', width=2, fill='green4') -# You should see a green rectangle with a black outline. The first line creates -# a Canvas, which appears in the window as a white square. The Canvas object -# provides methods like rectangle for drawing various shapes. -# -# bbox is a list of lists that represents the “bounding box” of the rectangle. -# The first pair of coordinates is the lower-left corner of the rectangle; the -# second pair is the upper-right corner. -# -# You can draw a circle like this: -# -# canvas.circle([-25,0], 70, outline=None, fill='red') -# The first parameter is the coordinate pair for the center of the circle; the -# second parameter is the radius. -# -# If you add this line to the program, the result should resemble the national -# flag of Bangladesh (see wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_sovereign-state_flags). -# -# -# 1) Write a function called draw_rectangle that takes a Canvas and a Rectangle as -# arguments and draws a representation of the Rectangle on the Canvas. -# 2) Add an attribute named color to your Rectangle objects and modify -# draw_rectangle so that it uses the color attribute as the fill color. -# 3) Write a function called draw_point that takes a Canvas and a Point as -# arguments and draws a representation of the Point on the Canvas. -# 4) Define a new class called Circle with appropriate attributes and instantiate -# a few Circle objects. Write a function called draw_circle that draws circles -# on the canvas. -# 5) Write a program that draws the national flag of the Czech Republic. Hint: you -# can draw a polygon like this: -# points = [[-150,-100], [150, 100], [150, -100]] -# canvas.polygon(points, fill='blue') - -from World import World - -class Point(object) : - """A class for a point""" - pass - -class Rectangle(object) : - """A class for a rectangle""" - pass - -class Circle(object) : - """A class for circles. Attributes should be x, y for the center, r for the radius""" - pass - -def draw_rectangle( canvas, rect, color='yellow', outline='black', width=2 ): - """A subroutine that draws a rectangle on canvas canvas""" - assert isinstance( rect.llc, Point ) and isinstance ( rect.urc, Point ), "At least one of the \ -corners of the rectangle is not a Point object" - - bbox = [[rect.llc.x, rect.llc.y],[rect.urc.x, rect.urc.y]] - canvas.rectangle(bbox, fill=color, outline=outline, width=width ) - -def draw_point ( canvas, point, color='black') : - """This draws a point at point on canvas canvas with color color""" -# canvas doesn't have a point method so I am going to simulate a point by drawing a 1x1 rectangle - assert isinstance( point, Point ), "argument point is not a Point" - bbox = [[point.x, point.y],[point.x+1, point.y+1] ] - canvas.rectangle(bbox, fill=color, outline=color, width=1 ) - -def draw_circle (canvas, center, radius, color='yellow', outline='black'): - """This subroutine draws a circle centered at center with radius radius. The fill color is -fill and the outline color is outline""" - canvas.circle( [center.x, center.y], radius, outline=outline, fill=color ) - - -world = World() -canvas = world.ca(width=500, height=500, background='white') -bbox = [[-225,-150], [75, 50]] -canvas.rectangle(bbox, outline='black', width=2, fill='green4') -canvas.circle([-75,-50], 70, outline=None, fill='red') -llc = Point() -llc.x = 40 -llc.y = 160 -urc = Point() -urc.x = 60 -urc.y = 240 -rect = Rectangle() -rect.llc = llc -rect.urc = urc -draw_rectangle( canvas, rect, color='brown', width=3, outline='green') -print dir(canvas) -urc.x += 10 -llc.x -= 10 -draw_point( canvas, urc, color='blue') -draw_point( canvas, llc, color='red' ) - -# Draw the national flag of the Czech republic -points = [[140,-40], [140,-80], [200,-80], [200,-40],[140,-40]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='white', outline='black', width=1 ) -points = [[140,-40], [140,-80], [157.32, -60]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='blue') -points = [[140, -80], [157.32,-60], [200,-60],[200,-80],[140,-80]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='red') -# Draw a circle -c = Circle() -c.x = -100 -c.y = 160 -r = 80 -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r, color='blue', outline=None ) -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r/2, color='green', outline=None ) -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r/4, color='yellow', outline=None ) - - -world.mainloop() - diff --git a/chapter_16/calfaq.zip b/chapter_16/calfaq.zip deleted file mode 100644 index ed21cb5..0000000 Binary files a/chapter_16/calfaq.zip and /dev/null differ diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_1_print_time.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_1_print_time.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0e3ae2e..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_1_print_time.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. -""" - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - pass - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def seconds( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = seconds(t1) - s2 = seconds(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def main() : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_2_is_after.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_2_is_after.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0e3ae2e..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_2_is_after.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. -""" - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - pass - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def seconds( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = seconds(t1) - s2 = seconds(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def main() : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_3_increment.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_3_increment.py deleted file mode 100644 index 29cc11f..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_3_increment.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. - -Exercise 3 -increment, which adds a given number of seconds to a Time object, can be written -naturally as a modifier. Write a correct version of increment that doesn’t -contain any loops. -""" -TEST=1 - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - pass - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def seconds( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time), "Argument to seconds is not an instance of Time" - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = seconds(t1) - s2 = seconds(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def int2time( seconds ): - """Convert an integer number of seconds to a Time""" - time = Time() - time.hours, secs = divmod(seconds,3600) - time.minutes, time.seconds = divmod(secs, 60) - print "In int2time, seconds is %d, time is" % seconds, - print_time(time) - return time - - -def increment ( time, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - assert isinstance(time,Time),"first argument to increment is not an instance of Time" - s1=seconds(time) - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - print "in increment", print_time(time) - - -def main() : - if TEST : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - print "Should be 00:02:04", - print_time( int2time( 124 )) - - print "Should be 02:03:04", - print_time( int2time( 7200+180+4 )) - - print "Should raise AssertionError" - try : - seconds(4) - except AssertionError, (e): - print "seconds threw an AssertionError %s as it should have" % e - else : - print "seconds DID NOT throw an AsserionError but it should have" - - print "Should be %d is %d" % (34*3600+12*60+11, seconds(t1) ) - - print "Should be 34:12:15", - increment(t1, 4) - print_time(t1) - - print "Should be 35:14:17" - increment(t1,3600+120+2) - print_time(t1) - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_4_pure_function.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_4_pure_function.py deleted file mode 100644 index 29cc11f..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_4_pure_function.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. - -Exercise 3 -increment, which adds a given number of seconds to a Time object, can be written -naturally as a modifier. Write a correct version of increment that doesn’t -contain any loops. -""" -TEST=1 - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - pass - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def seconds( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time), "Argument to seconds is not an instance of Time" - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = seconds(t1) - s2 = seconds(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def int2time( seconds ): - """Convert an integer number of seconds to a Time""" - time = Time() - time.hours, secs = divmod(seconds,3600) - time.minutes, time.seconds = divmod(secs, 60) - print "In int2time, seconds is %d, time is" % seconds, - print_time(time) - return time - - -def increment ( time, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - assert isinstance(time,Time),"first argument to increment is not an instance of Time" - s1=seconds(time) - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - print "in increment", print_time(time) - - -def main() : - if TEST : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - print "Should be 00:02:04", - print_time( int2time( 124 )) - - print "Should be 02:03:04", - print_time( int2time( 7200+180+4 )) - - print "Should raise AssertionError" - try : - seconds(4) - except AssertionError, (e): - print "seconds threw an AssertionError %s as it should have" % e - else : - print "seconds DID NOT throw an AsserionError but it should have" - - print "Should be %d is %d" % (34*3600+12*60+11, seconds(t1) ) - - print "Should be 34:12:15", - increment(t1, 4) - print_time(t1) - - print "Should be 35:14:17" - increment(t1,3600+120+2) - print_time(t1) - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_7_date.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_7_date.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8f4433e..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_7_date.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 16-7. -# Write a class definition for a Date object that has attributes day, month and -# year. Write a function called increment_date that takes a Date object, date -# and an integer, n, and returns a new Date object that represents the day n -# days after date. Hint: “Thirty days hath September...” Challenge: does your -# function deal with leap years correctly? See wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year. - -month_days_table = {0:0, # Jan starts at 0 - 1:31, # February - January has 31 days - 2:59, # March - February has 28 days except in leap years - 3:90, # April - March has 31 days - 4:120, # May - April has 30 days - 5:151, # June - May has 31 days - 6:181, # July - June has 30 days - 7:212, # August - July has 31 days - 8:243, # September - August has 31 days - 9:273, # October - September has 30 days - 10:304, # November - October has 31 days - 11:334, # December - November has 30 days - 12:365} # January - December has 31 days - - -class Date( object ) : - """This class has attributes day, month and # year.""" - pass - -def create_date ( day, month, year ) : - """This function creates a Date object with day month and year""" - - if not 0 <= month < 12 : - raise ValueError,"Month is out of range" - if not 0 < day <= 31 : # This is a crude test, a better test would be to be - # aware of the number of days in a month - raise ValueError,"Day is out of range" - if 0 >= year : # I am arbitrarily starting at the beginning of the - # Gregorian calendar - raise ValueError,"Year is less than 0" - date = Date() - date.day = day - date.month = month - date.year = year - return date - -def is_leap_year ( year, gregorian=True ) : - """Returns True if year is a leap year""" - # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year#Algorithm - if gregorian : - if year % 400 == 0 : - return True - elif year % 100 == 0 : - return False - elif year % 4 == 0 : - return True - else : - return False - else : - raise NotImplemented - -def date_to_int ( date, gregorian=True ) : - """This function converts a date of class Date to an integer, which is the -Julian Day""" -# See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day for the "right" way to do this -# calculation -# See http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php which has a more detailed -# algorithm and which has open source C code which implements the algorithm - assert isinstance(date, Date) -# Integer division in python is floor division which is what the description calls for - a = (14-date.month)/12 - y = date.year + 4800 - a - m = date.month + 12*a - 3 - if gregorian : - jd = date.day + (153*m + 2)/5 + 365*y + y/4 - y/100 + y/400 - 34045 - else : - jd = date.day + (153*m + 2 )/5 + 365 * y + y/4 - 32083 - return jd - -def int_to_date ( jd, gregorian=True ) : - """This function convertrs a Julian Day number, jd, into a month, day, year -for the Gregorian or Julian calendars""" - if gregorian : - a = jd + 32044 - b = (4 * a + 3) / 146097 - c = a - ( 146097 * b ) / 4 # parenthesis are for numerical stability - else : - a = None # not in the algorithm description, but perhaps useful for catching errors - b = 0 - c = jd + 32082 - d = (4 * c + 3 )/1461 - e = c - ( 1461 * d ) / 4 # parenthesis are for numerical stability - m = (5 * e + 2 ) / 153 - day = e - (( 153 * m + 2 ) / 5 ) + 1 - month = m + 3 - 12 * (m/10) # Parenthesis as called for by the algorithm - year = 100 * b + d - 4800 + (m/10) - date = create_date ( day, month, year ) - return date - -def dates_equal ( date, check ) : - """This function returns True if date and check are equal""" - return check.day == date.day and check.month == date.month and \ - check.year == date.year - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - date = create_date(month=10, year=1582, day=15 ) # October 15th, 1582, the - # beginning of the Gregorian - # Calendar - jd = date_to_int ( date, True ) -# From the Julian Date Converter at the USNO, http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.php - assert jd == 2299525,"date to int calculation is wrong for 1582" - check_date = int_to_date ( jd, True ) - assert dates_equal ( date, check_date) - - date = create_date(month=0, day=1, year=2000) # January 1st 2000 - jd = date_to_int ( date, True ) - assert jd == 2451545,"date to int calculation is wrong for 2000" - check_date = int_to_date ( jd, True ) - assert dates_equal ( date, check_date),"The check for Jan 1 2000 is wrong" - - date = create_date(day=15, month=9, year=1) - jd = date_to_int ( date, False ) - assert jd == 1721710,"date to int calculation is wrong for AD 1 in the Julian calendar" - check_date = int_to_date ( jd, True ) - assert dates_equal ( date, check_date),"The check for 15 October 1 AD is wrong" - diff --git a/chapter_16/exercise_16_8_birthday.py b/chapter_16/exercise_16_8_birthday.py deleted file mode 100644 index fef8f9c..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/exercise_16_8_birthday.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Use the datetime module to write a program that gets the current date and prints -# the day of the week. -# http://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime-date -# - -import datetime - -DOW_trans_table = ['Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat','Sun'] - -def get_day_of_week ( t ) : - if not isinstance( t, datetime.date ) : - raise ValueError ("t is not a date type in get_day_of_week") - dow = t.weekday() - return DOW_trans_table[ dow ] - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - today = datetime.date.today() - current_week_day = get_day_of_week ( today ) - print current_week_day -# Write a program that takes a birthday as input and prints the user’s age and -# the number of days, hours, minutes and seconds until their next birthday. - bday_str = raw_input("Enter birthday as dd/mm/yyyy ") - day, month, year = bday_str.split("/") - bday = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day) ) - duration = bday - today - print duration - - diff --git a/chapter_16/increment_using_int_exercise_16_5.py b/chapter_16/increment_using_int_exercise_16_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7658c4a..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/increment_using_int_exercise_16_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,127 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. - -Exercise 3 -increment, which adds a given number of seconds to a Time object, can be written -naturally as a modifier. Write a correct version of increment that doesn’t -contain any loops. - -Exercise 5 Rewrite increment using time_to_int and int_to_time. -""" - -TEST=1 - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - pass - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def time2int( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time), "Argument to seconds is not an instance of Time" - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = time2int(t1) - s2 = time2int(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def int2time( seconds ): - """Convert an integer number of seconds to a Time""" - time = Time() - time.hours, secs = divmod(seconds,3600) - time.minutes, time.seconds = divmod(secs, 60) - print "In int2time, seconds is %d, time is" % seconds, - print_time(time) - return time - - -def increment ( time, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - assert isinstance(time,Time),"first argument to increment is not an instance of Time" - s1=time2int(time) - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - print "in increment", print_time(time) - - - -def main() : - if TEST : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - print "Should be 00:02:04", - print_time( int2time( 124 )) - - print "Should be 02:03:04", - print_time( int2time( 7200+180+4 )) - - print "Should raise AssertionError" - try : - time2int(4) - except AssertionError, (e): - print "time2int threw an AssertionError %s as it should have" % e - else : - print "time2int DID NOT throw an AsserionError but it should have" - - print "Should be %d is %d" % (34*3600+12*60+11, time2int(t1) ) - - print "Should be 34:12:15", - increment(t1, 4) - print_time(t1) - - print "Should be 35:14:17" - increment(t1,3600+120+2) - print_time(t1) - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_16/mul_time_excercise_16_6.py b/chapter_16/mul_time_excercise_16_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 08bb9b2..0000000 --- a/chapter_16/mul_time_excercise_16_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 16-6 Write a function called mul_time that takes a Time object and -# a number and returns a new Time object that contains the product of the -# original Time and the number. -# Then use mul_time to write a function that takes a Time object that -# represents the finishing time in a race, and a number that represents the -# distance, and returns a Time object that represents the average pace -# (time per mile). -# -# By number, I assume that Downey means a floating number, because -# V=T/D = T * 1/D - -import increment_using_int_exercise_16_5 as TI -import numbers - -def mul_time( time, number ) : - """Multiply Time time by number""" - assert isinstance(time, TI.Time) - assert isinstance(number, numbers.Number) - - seconds = TI.time2int(time) - seconds *= number - t = TI.int2time(seconds) - return t - -def str2time( s ) : - """This function converts a string in the form HH:MM:SS into a Time type""" - - time_list = s.split(":") - hours = int(time_list[0]) - minutes = int(time_list[1]) - seconds = int(time_list[2]) - if hours < 0 or minutes < 0 or seconds < 0 or \ - minutes > 59 or seconds > 59 : - raise ValueError - - time = TI.Time() - time.hours = hours - time.minutes = minutes - time.seconds = seconds - return time - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter duration of the race in format HH:MM:SS ") - try : - t = str2time(s) - except ValueError, e : - print "You entered an invalid value for the time\nUse HH:MM:NN. The\ - numbers must be greater or equal to 0 and minutes and seconds must be less than\ - 60" - else : - break # we have a valid value, so escape from the loop - - while True : - try : - d = float(raw_input("Enter the distance of the race ")) - if d <= 0.0 : - raise ValueError - except ValueError, e: - print "The distance must be a valid float point number > 0.0 " - else : - break # we have a valid value, so escape from the loop - - v = mul_time ( t, 1.0/d ) - print "The average pace is", - TI.print_time(v) - - - diff --git a/chapter_17/GoodKangaroo.py b/chapter_17/GoodKangaroo.py deleted file mode 100644 index 62b9a1e..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/GoodKangaroo.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -""" - -This program is part of an exercise in -Think Python: An Introduction to Software Design -Allen B. Downey - -WARNING: this program contains a NASTY bug. I put -it there on purpose as a debugging exercise, but -you DO NOT want to emulate this example! - -""" - -class Kangaroo(object): - """a Kangaroo is a marsupial""" - - def __init__(self): - """initialize the pouch contents; the default value is - an empty list""" - self.pouch_contents = [] - - def __str__(self): - """return a string representaion of this Kangaroo and - the contents of the pouch, with one item per line""" - t = [ object.__str__(self) + ' with pouch contents:' ] - for obj in self.pouch_contents: - s = ' ' + object.__str__(obj) - t.append(s) - return '\n'.join(t) - - def put_in_pouch(self, item): - """add a new item to the pouch contents""" - self.pouch_contents.append(item) - - def put_in_pouch_2(self, item): - """add a new item to the pouch contents""" - if isinstance(item, Kangaroo) : - self.pouch_contents + item.pouch_contents - else : - self.pouch_contents.append(item) - -kanga = Kangaroo() -roo = Kangaroo() -kanga.put_in_pouch('wallet') -kanga.put_in_pouch('car keys') -kanga.put_in_pouch(roo) - -print kanga -print roo -# If you run this program as is, it seems to work. -# To see the problem, trying printing roo. diff --git a/chapter_17/a_Point_class_str_and_init_exercise_17_3.py b/chapter_17/a_Point_class_str_and_init_exercise_17_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 22ce51b..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/a_Point_class_str_and_init_exercise_17_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 17-3 Write a str method for the Point class. Create a Point object -# and print it. -# - -class Point( object ): - """A class which represents a point on a plane""" - def __init__ ( self, x, y ) : - """A constructor for a point""" - self.x = x - self.y = y - - def __str__ ( self ) : - """Output a string representation of a Point object""" - return "["+str(self.x)+","+str(self.y)+"]" - - -p = Point(60,40) -s = str(p) -print s -print p diff --git a/chapter_17/class_point_with_init_exercise_17_2.py b/chapter_17/class_point_with_init_exercise_17_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 369b2d7..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/class_point_with_init_exercise_17_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# Exercise 17-2 -# Write an init method for the Point class that takes x and y as optional -# parameters and assigns them to the corresponding attributes. -# -# -# Exercise 15-4 -# World.py, which is part of Swampy (see Chapter 4), contains a class definition -# for a user-defined type called World. You can import it like this: -# -# from World import World -# This version of the import statement imports the World class from the World -# module. The following code creates a World object and calls the mainloop method, which waits for the user. -# world = World() -# world.mainloop() -# A window should appear with a title bar and an empty square. We will use this -# window to draw Points, Rectangles and other shapes. Add the following lines -# before calling mainloop and run the program again. -# -# canvas = world.ca(width=500, height=500, background='white') -# bbox = [[-150,-100], [150, 100]] -# canvas.rectangle(bbox, outline='black', width=2, fill='green4') -# You should see a green rectangle with a black outline. The first line creates -# a Canvas, which appears in the window as a white square. The Canvas object -# provides methods like rectangle for drawing various shapes. -# -# bbox is a list of lists that represents the “bounding box” of the rectangle. -# The first pair of coordinates is the lower-left corner of the rectangle; the -# second pair is the upper-right corner. -# -# You can draw a circle like this: -# -# canvas.circle([-25,0], 70, outline=None, fill='red') -# The first parameter is the coordinate pair for the center of the circle; the -# second parameter is the radius. -# -# If you add this line to the program, the result should resemble the national -# flag of Bangladesh (see wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallery_of_sovereign-state_flags). -# -# -# 1) Write a function called draw_rectangle that takes a Canvas and a Rectangle as -# arguments and draws a representation of the Rectangle on the Canvas. -# 2) Add an attribute named color to your Rectangle objects and modify -# draw_rectangle so that it uses the color attribute as the fill color. -# 3) Write a function called draw_point that takes a Canvas and a Point as -# arguments and draws a representation of the Point on the Canvas. -# 4) Define a new class called Circle with appropriate attributes and instantiate -# a few Circle objects. Write a function called draw_circle that draws circles -# on the canvas. -# 5) Write a program that draws the national flag of the Czech Republic. Hint: you -# can draw a polygon like this: -# points = [[-150,-100], [150, 100], [150, -100]] -# canvas.polygon(points, fill='blue') - -from World import World - -class Point(object) : - """A class for a point""" - - def __init__ (self, x, y ): - """A constructor for a point object""" - self.x = x - self.y = y - -class Rectangle(object) : - """A class for a rectangle""" - pass - -class Circle(object) : - """A class for circles. Attributes should be x, y for the center, r for the radius""" - pass - -def draw_rectangle( canvas, rect, color='yellow', outline='black', width=2 ): - """A subroutine that draws a rectangle on canvas canvas""" - assert isinstance( rect.llc, Point ) and isinstance ( rect.urc, Point ), "At least one of the \ -corners of the rectangle is not a Point object" - - bbox = [[rect.llc.x, rect.llc.y],[rect.urc.x, rect.urc.y]] - canvas.rectangle(bbox, fill=color, outline=outline, width=width ) - -def draw_point ( canvas, point, color='black') : - """This draws a point at point on canvas canvas with color color""" -# canvas doesn't have a point method so I am going to simulate a point by drawing a 1x1 rectangle - assert isinstance( point, Point ), "argument point is not a Point" - bbox = [[point.x, point.y],[point.x+1, point.y+1] ] - canvas.rectangle(bbox, fill=color, outline=color, width=1 ) - -def draw_circle (canvas, center, radius, color='yellow', outline='black'): - """This subroutine draws a circle centered at center with radius radius. The fill color is -fill and the outline color is outline""" - canvas.circle( [center.x, center.y], radius, outline=outline, fill=color ) - - -world = World() -canvas = world.ca(width=500, height=500, background='white') -bbox = [[-225,-150], [75, 50]] -canvas.rectangle(bbox, outline='black', width=2, fill='green4') -canvas.circle([-75,-50], 70, outline=None, fill='red') -llc = Point(60,160) -urc = Point(60, 240) -rect = Rectangle() -rect.llc = llc -rect.urc = urc -draw_rectangle( canvas, rect, color='brown', width=3, outline='green') -print dir(canvas) -urc.x += 10 -llc.x -= 10 -draw_point( canvas, urc, color='blue') -draw_point( canvas, llc, color='red' ) - -# Draw the national flag of the Czech republic -points = [[140,-40], [140,-80], [200,-80], [200,-40],[140,-40]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='white', outline='black', width=1 ) -points = [[140,-40], [140,-80], [157.32, -60]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='blue') -points = [[140, -80], [157.32,-60], [200,-60],[200,-80],[140,-80]] -canvas.polygon(points, fill='red') -# Draw a circle -c = Circle() -c.x = -100 -c.y = 160 -r = 80 -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r, color='blue', outline=None ) -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r/2, color='green', outline=None ) -draw_circle ( canvas, c, r/4, color='yellow', outline=None ) - - -world.mainloop() - diff --git a/chapter_17/color_list.py b/chapter_17/color_list.py deleted file mode 100644 index ec5ab91..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/color_list.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,799 +0,0 @@ -""" Code example from Complexity and Computation, a book about -exploring complexity science with Python. Available free from - -http://greenteapress.com/complexity - -Copyright 2011 Allen B. Downey. -Distributed under the GNU General Public License at gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html. -""" - -import re - -# the following is the contents of /etc/X11/rgb.txt - -COLORS = """ -! $Xorg: rgb.txt,v 1.3 2000/08/17 19:54:00 cpqbld Exp $ -255 250 250 snow -248 248 255 ghost white -248 248 255 GhostWhite -245 245 245 white smoke -245 245 245 WhiteSmoke -220 220 220 gainsboro -255 250 240 floral white -255 250 240 FloralWhite -253 245 230 old lace -253 245 230 OldLace -250 240 230 linen -250 235 215 antique white -250 235 215 AntiqueWhite -255 239 213 papaya whip -255 239 213 PapayaWhip -255 235 205 blanched almond -255 235 205 BlanchedAlmond -255 228 196 bisque -255 218 185 peach puff -255 218 185 PeachPuff -255 222 173 navajo white -255 222 173 NavajoWhite -255 228 181 moccasin -255 248 220 cornsilk -255 255 240 ivory -255 250 205 lemon chiffon -255 250 205 LemonChiffon -255 245 238 seashell -240 255 240 honeydew -245 255 250 mint cream -245 255 250 MintCream -240 255 255 azure -240 248 255 alice blue -240 248 255 AliceBlue -230 230 250 lavender -255 240 245 lavender blush -255 240 245 LavenderBlush -255 228 225 misty rose -255 228 225 MistyRose -255 255 255 white - 0 0 0 black - 47 79 79 dark slate gray - 47 79 79 DarkSlateGray - 47 79 79 dark slate grey - 47 79 79 DarkSlateGrey -105 105 105 dim gray -105 105 105 DimGray -105 105 105 dim grey -105 105 105 DimGrey -112 128 144 slate gray -112 128 144 SlateGray -112 128 144 slate grey -112 128 144 SlateGrey -119 136 153 light slate gray -119 136 153 LightSlateGray -119 136 153 light slate grey -119 136 153 LightSlateGrey -190 190 190 gray -190 190 190 grey -211 211 211 light grey -211 211 211 LightGrey -211 211 211 light gray -211 211 211 LightGray - 25 25 112 midnight blue - 25 25 112 MidnightBlue - 0 0 128 navy - 0 0 128 navy blue - 0 0 128 NavyBlue -100 149 237 cornflower blue -100 149 237 CornflowerBlue - 72 61 139 dark slate blue - 72 61 139 DarkSlateBlue -106 90 205 slate blue -106 90 205 SlateBlue -123 104 238 medium slate blue -123 104 238 MediumSlateBlue -132 112 255 light slate blue -132 112 255 LightSlateBlue - 0 0 205 medium blue - 0 0 205 MediumBlue - 65 105 225 royal blue - 65 105 225 RoyalBlue - 0 0 255 blue - 30 144 255 dodger blue - 30 144 255 DodgerBlue - 0 191 255 deep sky blue - 0 191 255 DeepSkyBlue -135 206 235 sky blue -135 206 235 SkyBlue -135 206 250 light sky blue -135 206 250 LightSkyBlue - 70 130 180 steel blue - 70 130 180 SteelBlue -176 196 222 light steel blue -176 196 222 LightSteelBlue -173 216 230 light blue -173 216 230 LightBlue -176 224 230 powder blue -176 224 230 PowderBlue -175 238 238 pale turquoise -175 238 238 PaleTurquoise - 0 206 209 dark turquoise - 0 206 209 DarkTurquoise - 72 209 204 medium turquoise - 72 209 204 MediumTurquoise - 64 224 208 turquoise - 0 255 255 cyan -224 255 255 light cyan -224 255 255 LightCyan - 95 158 160 cadet blue - 95 158 160 CadetBlue -102 205 170 medium aquamarine -102 205 170 MediumAquamarine -127 255 212 aquamarine - 0 100 0 dark green - 0 100 0 DarkGreen - 85 107 47 dark olive green - 85 107 47 DarkOliveGreen -143 188 143 dark sea green -143 188 143 DarkSeaGreen - 46 139 87 sea green - 46 139 87 SeaGreen - 60 179 113 medium sea green - 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-""" - -def make_color_dict(colors=COLORS): - """Returns a dictionary that maps color names to RGB strings. - - The format of RGB strings is '#RRGGBB'. - """ - # regular expressions to match numbers and color names - number = r'(\d+)' - space = r'[ \t]*' - name = r'([ \w]+)' - pattern = space + (number + space) * 3 + name - prog = re.compile(pattern) - - # read the file - d = dict() - for line in colors.split('\n'): - ro = prog.match(line) - if ro: - r, g, b, name = ro.groups() - rgb = '#%02x%02x%02x' % (int(r), int(g), int(b)) - d[name] = rgb - - return d - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - color_dict = make_color_dict() - for name, rgb in color_dict.iteritems(): - print rgb, name diff --git a/chapter_17/kangaroo_exercise_17_6.py b/chapter_17/kangaroo_exercise_17_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 21e610f..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/kangaroo_exercise_17_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 17-6 -# This exercise is a cautionary tale about one of the most common, and difficult -# to find, errors in Python. -# Write a definition for a class named Kangaroo with the following methods: -# An __init__ method that initializes an attribute named pouch_contents to an -# empty list. -# A method named put_in_pouch that takes an object of any type and adds it to -# pouch_contents. -# A __str__ method that returns a string representation of the Kangaroo object -# and the contents of the pouch. -# Test your code by creating two Kangaroo objects, assigning them to variables -# named kanga and roo, and then adding roo to the contents of kanga’s pouch. - -class Kangaroo( object ) : - - def __init__ ( self ): - self.pouch_contents = [] - - def put_in_pouch(self, o ): - self.pouch_contents.append(o) - - def __str__ ( self ): - return "pouch contains "+ str(self.pouch_contents) - -kanga = Kangaroo() -roo = Kangaroo() -kanga.put_in_pouch(roo) -print kanga -print roo -kanga.put_in_pouch("lipstick") -kanga.put_in_pouch("Mascara") -roo.put_in_pouch("Pens") -roo.put_in_pouch("Cell phone") -print "kanga= ",kanga -print "roo= ",roo - - - - diff --git a/chapter_17/point_add_exercise_17_4.py b/chapter_17/point_add_exercise_17_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index b40754c..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/point_add_exercise_17_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 17-4 Write an add method for the Point class. - -class Point( object ): - """A class which represents a point on a plane""" - def __init__ ( self, x, y ) : - """A constructor for a point""" - self.x = x - self.y = y - - def __str__ ( self ) : - """Output a string representation of a Point object""" - return "["+str(self.x)+","+str(self.y)+"]" - - def __add__ ( self, other ): - assert isinstance(other, Point),"You didn't add a point to a point" - r = Point(self.x, self.y ) - r.x += other.x - r.y += other.y - return r - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - p = Point(60,240) - k = p + Point(10,20) - print k, "Should be 70,260" - diff --git a/chapter_17/time_to_int_method_exercise_17_1.py b/chapter_17/time_to_int_method_exercise_17_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 01a0d21..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/time_to_int_method_exercise_17_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,140 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -""" -Exercise 1 Write a function called print_time that takes a Time object and prints -it in the form hour:minute:second. Hint: the format sequence '%.2d' prints an -integer using at least two digits, including a leading zero if necessary. - -Exercise 2 -Write a boolean function called is_after that takes two Time objects, t1 and t2, -and returns True if t1 follows t2 chronologically and False otherwise. -Challenge: don’t use an if statement. - -Exercise 3 -increment, which adds a given number of seconds to a Time object, can be written -naturally as a modifier. Write a correct version of increment that doesn’t -contain any loops. - -Exercise 5 Rewrite increment using time_to_int and int_to_time. - -Exercise 17-1 Exercise 1 Rewrite time_to_int (from Section 16.4) as a method. -It is probably not appropriate to rewrite int_to_time as a method; it’s not -clear what object you would invoke it on! -""" - -TEST=1 - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - def time_to_int( self ) : -# Look up Horner's rule for an efficient way to calculate polynomials - return (((self.hours*60) + self.minutes) * 60 ) + self.seconds - - def increment (self, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - s1 = self.time_to_int() - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - return time - -def print_time( t ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - assert isinstance(t, Time) - print "%d:%02d:%02d" % (t.hours, t.minutes, t.seconds ) - -def time2int( t ) : - """A function to convert a time to seconds""" - assert isinstance(t, Time), "Argument to seconds is not an instance of Time" - return ((t.hours * 60) + t.minutes) * 60 + t.seconds - -def is_after(t1, t2) : - assert isinstance(t1, Time) - assert isinstance(t2, Time) - s1 = time2int(t1) - s2 = time2int(t2) - return s2 > s1 - -def int2time( seconds ): - """Convert an integer number of seconds to a Time""" - time = Time() - time.hours, secs = divmod(seconds,3600) - time.minutes, time.seconds = divmod(secs, 60) - print "In int2time, seconds is %d, time is" % seconds, - print_time(time) - return time - - -def increment ( time, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - assert isinstance(time,Time),"first argument to increment is not an instance of Time" - s1=time2int(time) - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - print "in increment", print_time(time) - - - -def main() : - if TEST : - t1 = Time() - t1.hours = 34 - t1.minutes = 12 - t1.seconds = 11 - print_time(t1) - - t2 = Time() - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 12 - t2.seconds = 14 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.seconds = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - t2.hours = 35 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.hours = 34 - t2.minutes = 13 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be True" - - t2.minutes = 10 - print_time(t2) - print is_after(t1, t2), "should be False" - - print "Should be 00:02:04", - print_time( int2time( 124 )) - - print "Should be 02:03:04", - print_time( int2time( 7200+180+4 )) - - print "Should raise AssertionError" - try : - time2int(4) - except AssertionError, (e): - print "time2int threw an AssertionError %s as it should have" % e - else : - print "time2int DID NOT throw an AsserionError but it should have" - - print "Should be %d is %d" % (34*3600+12*60+11, time2int(t1) ) - - print "Should be 34:12:15", - t2=t1.increment( 4) - print_time(t2) - - print "Should be 35:14:17" - t2=t1.increment(3600+120+2) - print_time(t2) - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_17/type_dispatch_point_exercise_17_5.py b/chapter_17/type_dispatch_point_exercise_17_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6b5f6e1..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/type_dispatch_point_exercise_17_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 17-5 Write an add method for Points that works with either a Point -# object or a tuple: If the second operand is a Point, the method should return -# a new Point whose x coordinate is the sum of the x coordinates of the operands, -# and likewise for the y coordinates. -# If the second operand is a tuple, the method should add the first element of -# the tuple to the x coordinate and the second element to the y coordinate, and -# return a new Point with the result. - -class Point( object ): - """A class which represents a point on a plane""" - def __init__ ( self, x, y ) : - """A constructor for a point""" - self.x = x - self.y = y - - def __str__ ( self ) : - """Output a string representation of a Point object""" - return "["+str(self.x)+","+str(self.y)+"]" - - def __add__ ( self, other ): - r = Point(self.x, self.y ) - if type(other) == type((1,3)) : - r.x += other[0] - r.y += other[1] - elif isinstance(other, Point) : - r.x += other.x - r.y += other.y - else : - raise ValueError,"The second argument was neither a Point or a tuple" - return r - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - p = Point(60,240) - k = p + Point(10,20) - print k, "Should be 70,260" - w = p + (-10,-30) - print w, "Should be 50,210" - - diff --git a/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17-7.py b/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17-7.py deleted file mode 100644 index de5a148..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17-7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 17-7 -# Visual is a Python module that provides 3-D graphics. It is not always -# included in a Python installation, so you might have to install it from your -# software repository or, if it’s not there, from vpython.org. -# -# The following example creates a 3-D space that is 256 units wide, long and -# high, and sets the “center” to be the point (128, 128, 128). Then it draws a -# blue sphere. -# -from visual import * - -scene.range = (256, 256, 256) -scene.center = (128, 128, 128) - -color = (0.1, 0.1, 0.9) # mostly blue -# sphere(pos=scene.center, radius=128, color=color) -# color is an RGB tuple; that is, the elements are Red-Green-Blue levels between -# 0.0 and 1.0 (see wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model). -# If you run this code, you should see a window with a black background and a -# blue sphere. If you drag the middle button up and down, you can zoom in and -# out. You can also rotate the scene by dragging the right button, but with only -# one sphere in the world, it is hard to tell the difference. - -# The following loop creates a cube of spheres: - -t = range(0, 256, 51) -for x in t: - for y in t: - for z in t: - pos = x, y, z -# sphere(pos=pos, radius=10, color=color) -# Put this code in a script and make sure it works for you. -# Modify the program so that each sphere in the cube has the color that -# corresponds to its position in RGB space. Notice that the coordinates are -# in the range 0–255, but the RGB tuples are in the range 0.0–1.0. -# Download thinkpython.com/code/color_list.py and use the function read_colors -# to generate a list of the available colors on your system, their names and -# RGB values. For each named color draw a sphere in the position that -# corresponds to its RGB values. - color = ( x/256., y/256., z/256. ) - sphere(pos=pos, radius=10, color=color) - diff --git a/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17_7b.py b/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17_7b.py deleted file mode 100644 index be07a8a..0000000 --- a/chapter_17/visual_exercise_17_7b.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -from visual import * - -scene.range = (256, 256, 256) -scene.center = (128, 128, 128) - -# Download thinkpython.com/code/color_list.py and use the function read_colors -# to generate a list of the available colors on your system, their names and -# RGB values. For each named color draw a sphere in the position that corresponds -# to its RGB values. - -import color_list -import re - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - # regular expressions to match numbers and color names - number = r'(\d+)' - space = r'[ \t]*' - name = r'([ \w]+)' - pattern = space + (number + space) * 3 + name - prog = re.compile(pattern) - - for line in color_list.COLORS.split('\n'): - ro = prog.match(line) - if ro: - r, g, b, name = ro.groups() - rn = int(r) - gn = int(g) - bn = int(b) - pos=(rn, gn, bn ) - color=(rn/256., gn/256., bn/256.) - sphere(pos=pos, radius=10, color=color) diff --git a/chapter_18/Deck.py b/chapter_18/Deck.py deleted file mode 100644 index 525e189..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/Deck.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,184 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This is a simulation of a card game - -import random # we need this to shuffle a Deck object - -class Card(object): - """represents a standard playing card.""" - - suit_names = ['Clubs', 'Diamonds', 'Hearts', 'Spades'] - rank_names = [None, 'Ace', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', - '8', '9', '10', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King'] - - def __init__(self, suit_or_code=0, rank=2): - """Create a card object. There are two ways to do it: pass in encoded -values (which is what Downey does) or pass in a string of the form rank,suit -where rank is A, 1 to 10, J, Q, K and suit is S, H, D, C - -The default value is the 2 of clubs """ - if type(suit_or_code) == int : - self.suit = suit_or_code - self.rank = rank - elif type(suit_or_code) == str : - self.suit, self.rank = encode(suit_or_code) - else : - raise TypeError('Card first argument should be an integer or a '+\ - 'decoded string') - - def encode(self, string_rep ) : - """This method returns a tuple of encoded values for a card string. See -the definition of the __init__ function for a description of the encoded values. -The input is a string of the form "2 of hearts", "King of Diamonds", etc.""" - import re - card_list = string_rep.split() - rank=card_list[0] - suit=card_list[2] - for s in range(len(suit_names)) : - if suit == suit_names[s] : - break - else : - raise ValueError("passed an invalid value for the suit %s of a card" % - suit ) - for r in range(len(rank_names)) : - if rank == rank_names[r] : - break - else : - raise ValueError("passed an invalid value for the rank of a card" % - rank ) - - return s, r - - def decode(self, suit, rank ) : - """This method converts an encoded suit and rank combination into a -string""" - return rank_names[rank]+" of "+suit_names[suit] - - - def __str__(self): - return '%s of %s' % (Card.rank_names[self.rank], - Card.suit_names[self.suit]) - - def __cmp__(self, other): - """This is the __cmp__ method defined in Prof. Downey's book -http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/book019.html """ - t1 = self.suit, self.rank # Form this card into a tuple - t2 = other.suit, other.rank # Form the other card into a tuple, too - return cmp(t1, t2) - -class Deck(object): - """The method creates a Deck object, which is a list of 52 Card objects""" - def __init__(self): - self.cards = [] - for suit in range(4): - for rank in range(1, 14): - card = Card(suit, rank) - self.cards.append(card) - self.card_idx = 0 - - - def __str__(self): - """This produces a single string, which the __str__ method is supposed -to do, but the string has 52 lines in it""" - res = [] - for card in self.cards: - res.append(str(card)) - return '\n'.join(res) - - def __iter__(self) : - """Returns an iterable object. In this case, a Deck object is iterable - because it implements a next() function which raises StopIteration when it comes - to the end of the Deck""" - return self - - def next(self) : - """Returns a list for the caller to iterate over. Since the Deck is just a - list of Cards, return the list""" - if self.card_idx < len(self.cards) : - c = self.cards[self.card_idx] - self.card_idx += 1 - return c - else : - self.card_idx = 0 # for the next time we want to iterate over a Deck - raise StopIteration - - - - - def sort(self) : - """This method sorts a deck. It uses the __cmp__ method defined in -class Card """ - self.cards.sort(cmp=Card.__cmp__) - return None - - def shuffle(self): - """This method does an in-place shuffle of the Deck object it is called -on""" - random.shuffle(self.cards) - - def pop_card(self): - return self.cards.pop() - - def add_card(self, card): - self.cards.append(card) - - def move_cards(self, hand, num): - """Move num cards from this Deck object to Deck object hand""" - for i in range(num): - hand.add_card(self.pop_card()) - -# The problem statement for problem 18-3 says: -# Write a Deck method called deal_hands that takes two parameters, the number -# of hands and the number of cards per hand, and that creates new Hand objects, -# deals the appropriate number of cards per hand, and returns a list of Hand -# objects. -# However, there is a problem and that is Hand inherits from Deck, so this -# method must be in class Hand. - - def deal_hand(self, cards_per_hand, num_of_hands) : - list_of_hands=[] - for n in range(num_of_hands) : - h = Hand("Hand %d" % n) - self.move_cards(h, cards_per_hand) - list_of_hands.append(h) - return list_of_hands - - -class Hand(Deck): - """Represents a hand of playing cards.""" - - def __init__(self, label=''): - self.cards = [] - self.label = label - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - print "Testing the constructor and the __str__ function***********" - deck = Deck() - print deck - - print "Testing the iterator *************************************" -# Note that I don't have to know anything about the internals of a Deck object -# All I need to know is that a Deck object is iterable - for card in deck: - print card - - print "Testing shuffle================" - deck.shuffle() -# As a nice side effect, this tests that can I run the iterator more than once -# on an object - for card in deck: - print card - - print "Testing sort+++++++++++++++++++++++++++" - deck.sort() - print deck - - print "Testing deal hands 5 cards/hand 4 hands -----------------------" - list_of_hands = deck.deal_hand(5, 4 ) - for h in list_of_hands : - print h.label - print h - print "----------" - diff --git a/chapter_18/TurtleWorld.ps b/chapter_18/TurtleWorld.ps deleted file mode 100644 index 38cea92..0000000 Binary files a/chapter_18/TurtleWorld.ps and /dev/null differ diff --git a/chapter_18/World_class.ps b/chapter_18/World_class.ps deleted file mode 100644 index ffc4cf6..0000000 Binary files a/chapter_18/World_class.ps and /dev/null differ diff --git a/chapter_18/class_diagrams_exercise_18_4.py b/chapter_18/class_diagrams_exercise_18_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8faddf6..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/class_diagrams_exercise_18_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -from World import * -from TurtleWorld import * - -import Lumpy -lumpy = Lumpy.Lumpy() -lumpy.make_reference() - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle(world) - -lumpy.object_diagram() -lumpy.class_diagram() diff --git a/chapter_18/cmp_Time_exercise_18_1.py b/chapter_18/cmp_Time_exercise_18_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index f7928cf..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/cmp_Time_exercise_18_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 17-1 Write a __cmp__ method for Time objects. Hint: you can use -# tuple comparison, but you also might consider using integer subtraction. - - -class Time : - """A class that holds a time. Attributes are hours, minutes, and seconds""" - - def time_to_int( self ) : -# Look up Horner's rule for an efficient way to calculate polynomials - return (((self.hours*60) + self.minutes) * 60 ) + self.seconds - - def increment (self, secs ): - """A function to increment time by seconds""" - s1 = self.time_to_int() - s1 += secs - time = int2time(s1) - return time - - def __cmp__ (self, other ): - """The built-in function cmp has the same interface as the method __cmp__: -it takes two values and returns a positive number if the first is larger, a -negative number if the second is larger, and 0 if they are equal.""" - si = self.time_to_int() - oi = other.time_to_int() - return si - oi - - @staticmethod - def int_to_time( seconds ): - """This function converts the integer seconds to a time""" - time = Time() - time.hours, secs = divmod(seconds,3600) - time.minutes, time.seconds = divmod(secs, 60) - return time - - - def __str__( self ) : - """A function to print out a time""" - return "%d:%02d:%02d" % (self.hours, self.minutes, self.seconds ) - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - while True : - s = int( raw_input("Enter the first number of seconds ") ) - o = int( raw_input("Enter the second number of seconds ") ) - st = Time.int_to_time(s) - ot = Time.int_to_time(o) - r= cmp(st, ot) - if r > 0 : - print str(st)," > ", str(ot) - elif r == 0 : - print str(st)," = ", str(ot) - else : - print str(st)," < ", str(ot) - - diff --git a/chapter_18/exercise_18_4/PokerHand.py b/chapter_18/exercise_18_4/PokerHand.py deleted file mode 100644 index ab656a6..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/exercise_18_4/PokerHand.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,132 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -"""This module contains code from -Think Python by Allen B. Downey -http://thinkpython.com - -Copyright 2012 Allen B. Downey -License: GNU GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html - -""" - -# Exercise 5 -# The following are the possible hands in poker, in increasing order of value -#(and decreasing order of probability): -# pair: two cards with the same rank -# two pair: two pairs of cards with the same rank -# three of a kind: three cards with the same rank -# straight: five cards with ranks in sequence (aces can be high or low, so -# Ace-2-3-4-5 is a straight and so is 10-Jack-Queen-King-Ace, but -# Queen-King-Ace-2-3 is not.) -# flush: five cards with the same suit -# full house: three cards with one rank, two cards with another -# four of a kind: four cards with the same rank -# straight flush: five cards in sequence (as defined above) and with the same -# suit -# The goal of these exercises is to estimate the probability of drawing these -# various hands. -# Download the following files from thinkpython.com/code: -# Card.py: A complete version of the Card, Deck and Hand classes in this -# chapter. -# PokerHand.py: An incomplete implementation of a class that represents a poker hand, and some code that tests it. -# If you run PokerHand.py, it deals seven 7-card poker hands and checks to see if any of them contains a flush. -# Read this code carefully before you go on. -# Add methods to PokerHand.py named has_pair, has_twopair, etc. that return True or False according to whether or not the hand meets the relevant criteria. Your code should work correctly for “hands” that contain any number of cards (although 5 and 7 are the most common sizes). -# Write a method named classify that figures out the highest-value classification for a hand and sets the label attribute accordingly. For example, a 7-card hand might contain a flush and a pair; it should be labeled “flush”. -# When you are convinced that your classification methods are working, the next step is to estimate the probabilities of the various hands. Write a function in PokerHand.py that shuffles a deck of cards, divides it into hands, classifies the hands, and counts the number of times various classifications appear. -# Print a table of the classifications and their probabilities. Run your -# program with larger and larger numbers of hands until the output values -# converge to a reasonable degree of accuracy. Compare your results to the -# values at wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_rankings - -from Card import * - - -class PokerHand(Hand): - - def suit_hist(self): - """Builds a histogram of the suits that appear in the hand. - - Stores the result in attribute suits. - """ - self.suits = {} - for card in self.cards: - self.suits[card.suit] = self.suits.get(card.suit, 0) + 1 - - def rank_hist(self) : - """Builds a histogram of the ranks that appear in the hand. - - Stores the result in attribute ranks. - """ - self.ranks = {} - for card in self.cards: - self.ranks[card.rank] = self.ranks.get(card.rank, 0) + 1 - - def has_pair(self): - """pair: two cards with the same rank""" - - for val in self.ranks.values() : - if val >= 2 : - return True - return False - - def has_two_pairs(self) : - """ two pair: two pairs of cards with the same rank""" - pair_ctr=0 - for val in self.ranks.values() : - if val >= 2 : - pair_ctr += 1 - if pair_ctr >= 2 : - return True - return False - - def has_three_of_a_kind(self) : - """three of a kind: three cards with the same rank""" - for val in self.ranks.values() : - if val >= 3 : - return True - return False - - - - def has_flush(self): - """Returns True if the hand has a flush, False otherwise. - - Note that this works correctly for hands with more than 5 cards. - """ - for val in self.suits.values(): - if val >= 5: - return True - return False - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - # make a deck - deck = Deck() - deck.shuffle() - - # deal the cards and classify the hands - while True: - print "*"*20 - try : - hand = PokerHand() - except IndexError: - print "New Deck" - deck = Deck() - deck.shuffle() - deck.move_cards(hand, 7) - hand.sort() - hand.suit_hist() - hand.rank_hist() - print hand - print "Has flush:", hand.has_flush() - print "Has pair:", hand.has_pair() - print "Has two pairs:", hand.has_two_pairs() - t = hand.has_three_of_a_kind() - print "Has three of a kind:", t - if t: - break - - - - - diff --git a/chapter_18/markov.py b/chapter_18/markov.py deleted file mode 100644 index be3c84f..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/markov.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,120 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -"""This module contains code from -Think Python by Allen B. Downey -http://thinkpython.com - -Copyright 2012 Allen B. Downey -License: GNU GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html - -""" -# Get the source code from -# http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkpython/code/markov.py - -import sys -import string -import random - -# global variables -suffix_map = {} # map from prefixes to a list of suffixes -prefix = () # current tuple of words - - -def process_file(filename, order=2): - """Reads a file and performs Markov analysis. - - filename: string - order: integer number of words in the prefix - - Returns: map from prefix to list of possible suffixes. - """ - fp = open(filename) -# skip_gutenberg_header(fp) # emma.txt doesn't have a Gutenberg header - - for line in fp: - for word in line.rstrip().split(): - process_word(word, order) - - -def skip_gutenberg_header(fp): - """Reads from fp until it finds the line that ends the header. - - fp: open file object - """ - for line in fp: - if line.startswith('*END*THE SMALL PRINT!'): - break - - -def process_word(word, order=2): - """Processes each word. - - word: string - order: integer - - During the first few iterations, all we do is store up the words; - after that we start adding entries to the dictionary. - """ - global prefix - if len(prefix) < order: - prefix += (word,) - return - - try: - suffix_map[prefix].append(word) - except KeyError: - # if there is no entry for this prefix, make one - suffix_map[prefix] = [word] - - prefix = shift(prefix, word) - - -def random_text(n=100): - """Generates random wordsfrom the analyzed text. - - Starts with a random prefix from the dictionary. - - n: number of words to generate - """ - # choose a random prefix (not weighted by frequency) - map_keys = suffix_map.keys() - start = random.choice(map_keys) - - for i in range(n): - suffixes = suffix_map.get(start, None) - if suffixes == None: - # if the start isn't in map, we got to the end of the - # original text, so we have to start again. - random_text(n-i) - return - - # choose a random suffix - word = random.choice(suffixes) - print word, - start = shift(start, word) - - -def shift(t, word): - """Forms a new tuple by removing the head and adding word to the tail. - - t: tuple of strings - word: string - - Returns: tuple of strings - """ - return t[1:] + (word,) - - -def main(name, filename='', n=100, order=2, *args): - try: - n = int(n) - order = int(order) - except: - print 'Usage: randomtext.py filename [# of words] [prefix length]' - else: - process_file(filename, order) - random_text(n) - - -if __name__ == '__main__': - main(*sys.argv) - diff --git a/chapter_18/sort_Deck_exercise_18_2.py b/chapter_18/sort_Deck_exercise_18_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2a79ebe..0000000 --- a/chapter_18/sort_Deck_exercise_18_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Exercise 18-2 -# Write a Deck method named sort that uses the list method sort to sort the -# cards in a Deck. sort uses the __cmp__ method we defined to determine sort -# order. - - -import Deck -import pdb; pdb.set_trace() - -def main() : - deck = Deck.Deck() - deck.shuffle() - print "*************** After shuffling the deck:" - print deck - deck.sort() - print "************** After sorting the deck:" - print deck - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - main() - diff --git a/chapter_19/skip_html_tags.py b/chapter_19/skip_html_tags.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9c98824..0000000 --- a/chapter_19/skip_html_tags.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# skip_html_tags.py -# This module has some helper functions for processing HTML (and XHTML and XML) -# The only function implemented so far is skip_html_tags which accepts a string, -# which is an HTML file, and removes all of the HTML (or XML or XHTML) tags from -# it. This is rather naive. An improved version is planned which will remove -# the header and also get all of the images. -import re - -def skip_html_tags ( html ) : - """This function strips all of the HTML tags from string html and returns -a string which is html with all the tags removed""" -# Create a new string with all of the HTML tags removed. The regex <.+?> matches -# any string that begins with a <, has at least one character, and ends with a > -# using a not-greedy match. - q = re.sub(r"<.+?>","", html) - return q - -def skip_html_header ( html ) : - """This function skips all of the text between the <head> tag and the </head> -tag.""" - q = re.sub(r"<head>.*</head>","", html) - return q - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - html = """<html><head><meta title="A random title"></head> -<body> -some text -<ul> -<li>List item 1</li> -<li>List item 2</li> -</ul> -<p>This is a paragraph -<p>This is a paragraph, too, although it is compliant with the HTML 3.0 specification -which calls for a required closing </p> tag.</p> -</body> -</html>""" - stripped = skip_html_tags( html ) - print "The input is ",html - print "\n\nThe output of skipped_html_tags is", stripped - - html_body = skip_html_header( html ) - print "The input is ",html - print "\n\nThe output of skip_html_header is", html_body - - - diff --git a/chapter_3/do_twice.py b/chapter_3/do_twice.py deleted file mode 100755 index 8e6976c..0000000 --- a/chapter_3/do_twice.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,56 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 3 exercise 4 -""" -A function object is a value you can assign to a variable or pass as an argument. -For example, do_twice is a function that takes a function object as an argument -and calls it twice: -def do_twice(f): - f() - f() -Here’s an example that uses do_twice to call a function named print_spam twice. -def print_spam(): - print 'spam' - -do_twice(print_spam) -Type this example into a script and test it. -Modify do_twice so that it takes two arguments, a function object and a value, -and calls the function twice, passing the value as an argument. -Write a more general version of print_spam, called print_twice, that takes a -string as a parameter and prints it twice. Use the modified version of do_twice -to call print_twice twice, passing 'spam' as an argument. -Define a new function called do_four that takes a function object and a value and -calls the function four times, passing the value as a parameter. There should be -only two statements in the body of this function, not four. -""" - -def do_twice(f) : - """Execute function f twice""" - - f() - f() - -def print_spam() : - """Print the word "spam" """ - print 'spam' - -def do_twice_v ( f, v ) : - """This function executes function f twice with argument v""" - f(v) - f(v) - -def do_four( f, v ) : - """Define a new function called do_four that takes a function object and a value and -calls the function four times, passing the value as a parameter. There should be -only two statements in the body of this function, not four.""" - do_twice_v ( f, v ) - do_twice_v ( f, v ) - -def print_me ( s ) : - """This function prints the variable s, converting it to a string if necessary""" - print s - -do_twice(print_spam) - -do_four( print_me, "baked beans") -do_four( print_me, "Spam" ) # note uppercase S - diff --git a/chapter_3/grid.py b/chapter_3/grid.py deleted file mode 100755 index 64a59fd..0000000 --- a/chapter_3/grid.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 3 exercise 4 -"""Write a program that draws an 2x2 grid. Each cell of the grid is bounded by -a string with pattern " - - - - ". The corners of the cells are marked by + - -For example, a 2 x 2 grid looks like: - -+ - - - - + - - - - + -| | | -| | | -| | | -| | | -+ - - - - + - - - - + -| | | -| | | -| | | -| | | -+ - - - - + - - - - + - -""" - -def draw_horizontal_line() : - """Draw a horizontal line. The leading plus sign is not printed here, and -must be printed by the caller. The trailing newline is not printed and must -be added by the caller""" - print "+ - - - - + - - - -", - -def draw_vertical_lines() : - """Draw two vertical lines at the right spacing to make the cells. The -trailing | and possibly the trailing newline is not printed and must be -added by the caller""" - print "| | ", - -def draw_1_row_of_2() : - """Draw a row of 2 grid cells. """ - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" #Print trailing | and newline" - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_horizontal_line() - print "+" # print the trailing plus and newline - - -def draw_1_row_of_4() : - """Draw a row of 4 grid cells. """ - draw_vertical_lines() - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" #Print trailing | and newline" - draw_vertical_lines() - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_vertical_lines() - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_vertical_lines() - draw_vertical_lines() - print "|" - draw_horizontal_line() - draw_horizontal_line() - print "+" # print the trailing plus and newline - - -draw_horizontal_line() -print "+" # print the trailing + and the trailing newline - -draw_1_row_of_2() -draw_1_row_of_2() - -print "*"*80 -draw_horizontal_line() -draw_horizontal_line() -print "+" # print the trailing + and the trailing newline -draw_1_row_of_4() -draw_1_row_of_4() -draw_1_row_of_4() -draw_1_row_of_4() diff --git a/chapter_3/order_of_definitions.py b/chapter_3/order_of_definitions.py deleted file mode 100755 index 16a6963..0000000 --- a/chapter_3/order_of_definitions.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 3 exercise 1 -# Chapter 3 exercise 2 - - - -def print_lyrics(): - print "I'm a lumberjack, and I'm okay." - print "I sleep all night and I work all day." - -def repeat_lyrics(): - print_lyrics() - print_lyrics() - -repeat_lyrics() diff --git a/chapter_3/right_justify.py b/chapter_3/right_justify.py deleted file mode 100755 index a336905..0000000 --- a/chapter_3/right_justify.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 3 exerise 3 - -def right_justify(s, align_column=70) : - """Write a function named right_justify that takes a string named s as a parameter -and prints the string with enough leading spaces so that the last letter of the string is -n column 70 of the display.""" - len_s = len(s) - leading_spaces = align_column - len_s -# The careful student will understand the difference between using a comma and a plus -# sign here - print " "*leading_spaces + s - -print "70" -print "."*70 -right_justify("Allen") - -print "60" -print "."*60 -right_justify("Silverman",60) - -print "10" -print "."*10 -right_justify("Sarah",10) - diff --git a/chapter_4/arc.py b/chapter_4/arc.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9c3e3c8..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/arc.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 4 exercises in section 4.3 -from TurtleWorld import * -import math - - - -def arc(t, r, num_sides, angle ) : - """This function uses turtle t and a polygon with number of sides num_sides -to approximate a circle of radius r""" - - circumfrence = math.pi * r - length = circumfrence / num_sides - num_sides_to_draw = int ( num_sides * angle / 360.0 ) - - for i in range(num_sides_to_draw) : - fd(t, length) - lt(t, 360/num_sides) - -# This isn't documented in the book yet, but it is required for code re-use. -# If arc.py is executed directly by the python interpreter, then it is the "main" -# module and __name__ will be "__main__" which means that the code below it will -# execute. However, if this file is imported by another python program, then -# name will be something else, and the code below will not be executed. This is -# important for exercise 4.1 -if __name__ == "__main__" : - world = TurtleWorld() - bob = Turtle() - bob.delay = 0.1 - arc(bob, 120, 20, 90.0) - pu(bob) - fd(bob, 100) # I just wants the arcs to be separated, this isn't fancy - pd(bob) - arc(bob, 80, 40, 180.0) - pu(bob) - fd(bob, 100) # I just wants the arcs to be separated, this isn't fancy - pd(bob) - arc(bob, 200, 20, 270.0 ) - pu(bob) - fd(bob, 100) - pd(bob) - arc(bob, 200, 20, 360.0 ) - wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/circle.py b/chapter_4/circle.py deleted file mode 100644 index f11b914..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/circle.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 4 exercises in section 4.3 -from TurtleWorld import * -import math - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() - -def polygon(t, length, num_sides) : - """This function uses turtle t to draw a polygon with number of sides num_sides""" - for i in range(num_sides) : - fd(t, length) - lt(t, 360/num_sides) - -def circle(t, r, num_sides ) : - """This function uses turtle t and a polygon with number of sides num_sides -to approximate a circle of radius r""" - - circumfrence = math.pi * r - length = circumfrence / num_sides - - polygon(t, length, num_sides) - - -circle(bob, 120, 20) -circle(bob, 80, 40) - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/flower.py b/chapter_4/flower.py deleted file mode 100644 index c466bd7..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/flower.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,78 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# This program draws a flower. A flower is composed of N petals. Each petal is -# 2 arcs, flipping 180 degrees - -from TurtleWorld import * - - - - - -def arc(t, r, num_sides, angle ) : - """This function uses turtle t and a polygon with number of sides num_sides -to approximate a circle of radius r""" - import math - circumfrence = math.pi * r - length = circumfrence / num_sides - num_sides_to_draw = int ( round ( num_sides * angle / 360.0 ) ) - - turn = 360.0/num_sides - lt(t, turn/2.0) - for i in range(num_sides_to_draw) : - fd(t, length) - lt(t, turn) - rt(t, turn/2.0) - - -def petal(t, r, num_sides, angle): - """Draws a petal using two arcs. t is a Turtle, r: radius of the arcs, and -angle (degrees) that subtends the arcs""" - for i in range(2): - arc(t, r, num_sides, angle) # From the exercise in section 4.3. Assume - lt(t, 180-angle) - - -def flower(t, r, n, angle): - """Draws a flower with n petals. t is a Turtle, n is the number of petals -r is radius of the arcs that create the petals, and angle (degrees) is what -subtends the arcs""" - for i in range(n+1): - petal(t, r, 40, angle) # 40 is the number of segments in the arc. - lt(t, (360.0/n) ) - - -def move(t, length): - """Move Turtle t forward length without leaving a trail. Leaves the pen -down. This assumes that the turtle is facing right""" - pu(t) - fd(t, length) - pd(t) - - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() -bob.delay = 0.05 # speed up the turtles - -# draw a sequence of three flowers, as shown in the book. -move(bob, -100) -if 1==1 : - angle = 85.0 - r = 200 - n = 8 - arc(bob, 100, 8, 360.0 ) # draw a circle - move(bob, 100) - flower(bob, r, n, angle ) - - -else: - flower(bob, 80, 6, 60.0) - move(bob, 100) - flower(bob, 80, 8, 45.0) - move(bob, 100) - flower(bob, 80, 8, 90.0) - -#move(bob, 100) -#flower(bob, 20, 140, 20.0) - - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/logarithmic_spiral.py b/chapter_4/logarithmic_spiral.py deleted file mode 100644 index d6b8c36..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/logarithmic_spiral.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Draw an Archimedian spiral - -import math - -from TurtleWorld import * - -def draw_spiral(t, n, length, angle ): - """Draws a logarithmic spiral starting at the origin. Use Turtle t. n is -how many line segments to draw. Length is the length of each line segment. angle -is the angle between a tangent to the spiral and the tangent to the spiral at -the next point - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_spiral """ - - - for i in range(n): - fd(t, length) - lt(t, angle ) - - -def draw_axis(t) : - """Draw X and Y axis. This assumes that the Turtle hasn't moved yet -and is still pointing directly to the right""" - length = 250 - fd(t,length) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length*2) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length) - rt(t,90.0) - fd(t,length) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length*2) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length) - lt(t,90) # Leave the turtle pointing in the same direction - - - - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() -bob.delay = 0 -draw_axis(bob) -draw_spiral(bob, 1000, 5, 15.17 ) - -wait_for_user() - diff --git a/chapter_4/polygon.py b/chapter_4/polygon.py deleted file mode 100644 index d545448..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/polygon.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 4 exercises in section 4.3 -from TurtleWorld import * - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() - -def polygon(t, length, num_sides) : - """This function uses turtle t to draw a polygon with number of sides num_sides""" - for i in range(num_sides) : - fd(t, length) - lt(t, 360/num_sides) - - -polygon(bob, 100, 5) -polygon(bob, 60, 8) -polygon(bob, 40, 12) - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/spiral.py b/chapter_4/spiral.py deleted file mode 100644 index e98b89b..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/spiral.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Draw an Archimedian spiral - -import math - -from TurtleWorld import * - -def draw_spiral(t, n, length, a, b): - """Draws an Archimedian spiral starting at the origin. Use Turtle t. n is -how many line segments to draw. Length is the length of each line segment. a -is how loose the initial spiral starts out (larger is looser). b: how loosly -coiled the spiral is (larger is looser) - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral """ - - theta = 0.0 # the angle that the Turtle is at, measured counter clockwise from the X axis - - for i in range(n): - fd(t, length) - delta_theta = 1.0 / (a + b * theta) - lt(t, delta_theta) - theta += delta_theta - -def draw_axis(t) : - """Draw X and Y axis. This assumes that the Turtle hasn't moved yet -and is still pointing directly to the right""" - length = 250 - fd(t,length) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length*2) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length) - rt(t,90.0) - fd(t,length) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length*2) - rt(t,180.0) - fd(t,length) - lt(t,90) # Leave the turtle pointing in the same direction - - - - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() -bob.delay = 0 -draw_axis(bob) -draw_spiral(bob, 1000, 5, 0.05, 0.0002 ) - -wait_for_user() - diff --git a/chapter_4/square.py b/chapter_4/square.py deleted file mode 100644 index cfe9c1e..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/square.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 4 exercises in sectiib 4.3 -from TurtleWorld import * - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() - -def square(t) : - """This function uses turtle t yo draw a square""" - fd(t, 100) - lt(t) - - fd(t, 100) - lt(t) - - fd(t, 100) - lt(t) - - fd(t, 100) - -square(bob) - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/square_with_length.py b/chapter_4/square_with_length.py deleted file mode 100644 index e4f5ca4..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/square_with_length.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# Chapter 4 exercises in section 4.3 -from TurtleWorld import * - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() - -def square(t, length) : - """This function uses turtle t to draw a square""" - for i in range(4) : - fd(t, length) - lt(t) - -square(bob, 100) -square(bob, 150) -square(bob, 75) - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_4/turtle_pie.py b/chapter_4/turtle_pie.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7aec115..0000000 --- a/chapter_4/turtle_pie.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,60 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Write an appropriately general set of functions that can draw shapes as in Figure 4.2. -# -# Each pie slice is an isoceles triangle with a central angle of 360/N -# The other interior angles are (180 - central_angle) / 2 (The sum of the -# interior angles of a triangle always sum to 180.0. CA+OA+OA=180.0 => CA+2OA=180.0 -# => OA = 90.0 - CA/2. Note that N>=2 -# -import math - -from TurtleWorld import * - - -def isoceles_triangle (t, central_angle, radius ) : - """Using the current orientation of the turtle t as a starting direction, -draw an isoceles triangle with central angle central_angle. The length of the -equal sides will be radius. The length of the outer side will be calculated -using trigonometry. -""" - # The cosine law for general triangles. C = SQRT(A**2 + B**2 - 2*A*B*cos(theta) ) - # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_cosines - - fd(t, radius) - other_angle = 90.0 - central_angle/2.0 - lt(t, 180.0 - other_angle) - fs = math.sqrt( 2*radius**2 - 2 * radius**2 * math.cos( math.radians ( central_angle ) ) ) - fd(t, fs) - lt(t, 180.0 - other_angle) - fd(t, radius) - lt(t, 180.0 - central_angle) # The turtle winds up pointing in the same direction - # it did when it started. - -def draw_pie ( t, N, r ) : - """Draw a pie chart with N triangles and radius r using turtle t""" - central_angle = 360.0 / N - for i in range(N) : - isoceles_triangle ( t, central_angle, r ) - lt(t, central_angle ) - -def move(t, length): - """Move Turtle t forward length without leaving a trail. Leaves the pen -down. This assumes that the turtle is facing right""" - pu(t) - fd(t, length) - pd(t) - - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() -bob.delay = 0.01 # speed up the turtles -move ( bob, -100 ) -draw_pie( bob, 5, 80 ) -move( bob, 100 ) -draw_pie ( bob, 8, 80 ) -move( bob, 100 ) -draw_pie ( bob, 6, 80 ) - -wait_for_user() - diff --git a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-1.py b/chapter_5/Exercise_5-1.py deleted file mode 100644 index bea7d4c..0000000 --- a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -#! -# This is from http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython006.html -# This program tests Fermat's last theorem that, for any n > 2, there are no -# integers a,b,c such as a**n + b**b = c**n - - -def test_fermat ( a, b, c, n ) : - if n>2 and ( a**n + b**n == c**n ) : - print "Holy smokes! Fermat was wrong!" - else : - print "No, that doesn't work" - - -while True : - a = int ( raw_input("Enter a ") ) - b = int ( raw_input("Enter b ") ) - c = int ( raw_input("Enter c ") ) - n = int ( raw_input("Enter n ") ) - - test_fermat ( a, b, c, n ) - diff --git a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-2.py b/chapter_5/Exercise_5-2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2ea12af..0000000 --- a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Chapter 5 Exercise 2 -# If you are given three sticks, you may or may not be able to arrange them in a -# triangle. For example, if one of the sticks is 12 inches long and the other -# two are one inch long, it is clear that you will not be able to get the short -# sticks to meet in the middle. For any three lengths, there is a simple test to -# see if it is possible to form a triangle: -# If any of the three lengths is greater than the sum of the other two, then you -# cannot form a triangle. Otherwise, you can. (If the sum of two lengths equals -# the third, they form what is called a “degenerate” triangle.) -# Write a function named is_triangle that takes three integers as arguments, and -# that prints either “Yes” or “No,” depending on whether you can or cannot form -# a triangle from sticks with the given lengths. -# Write a function that prompts the user to input three stick lengths, converts -# them to integers, and uses is_triangle to check whether sticks with the given -# lengths can form a triangle. - - -def is_triangle ( a, b, c ) : - """Returns True if a, b, c can be a triangle""" - - return not ( ( a + b < c ) or (a + c < b ) or (b + c < a )) - -def user_interface () : - a = int ( raw_input ("Enter a ") ) - b = int ( raw_input ("Enter b ") ) - c = int ( raw_input ("Enter c ") ) - - if is_triangle ( a, b, c ) : - print a, b, c, "is a triangle" - else : - print a, b, c, "is not a triangle" - - -while True : - user_interface () - - diff --git a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-3.py b/chapter_5/Exercise_5-3.py deleted file mode 100644 index aa288e4..0000000 --- a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -# Read the following function and see if you can figure out what it does. Then -# run it (see the examples in Chapter 4). - -from TurtleWorld import * - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() - -def draw(t, length, n): - if n == 0: - return - angle = 50 - fd(t, length*n) - lt(t, angle) - draw(t, length, n-1) - rt(t, 2*angle) - draw(t, length, n-1) - lt(t, angle) - bk(t, length*n) - -length = float ( raw_input ("Enter a starting length ") ) -n = int ( raw_input ( "Enter the number of levels of recursion " ) ) -pu(bob) -bk(bob, length*n ) -pd(bob) -draw ( bob, length, n ) - - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-4.py b/chapter_5/Exercise_5-4.py deleted file mode 100644 index d25d682..0000000 --- a/chapter_5/Exercise_5-4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Chapter 5 Exercise 4 -# The Koch curve is a fractal that looks something like Figure 5.2. To draw a -# Koch curve with length x, all you have to do is -# Draw a Koch curve with length x/3. -# Turn left 60 degrees. -# Draw a Koch curve with length x/3. -# Turn right 120 degrees. -# Draw a Koch curve with length x/3. -# Turn left 60 degrees. -# Draw a Koch curve with length x/3. -# The exception is if x is less than 3: in that case, you can just draw a -# straight line with length x. -# Write a function called koch that takes a turtle and a length as parameters, -# and that uses the turtle to draw a Koch curve with the given length. -# Write a function called snowflake that draws three Koch curves to make the -# outline of a snowflake. - -from TurtleWorld import * - -world = TurtleWorld() -bob = Turtle() -bob.delay = 0 # make the turtle move faster - -def koch ( t, length ) : - """This function draws a koch curve""" - if length > 3 : - l_o_3 = length / 3.0 - koch (t, l_o_3 ) - lt(t, 60 ) - koch (t, l_o_3 ) - rt(t, 120) - koch ( t, l_o_3 ) - lt(t, 60) - koch ( t, l_o_3 ) - else : - fd( t, length ) - -def snowflake ( t, length ) : - t.set_pen_color('green') - for i in range(3) : - koch ( t, length ) - rt (t, 120 ) - -pu(bob) -bk ( bob, 200 ) -pd(bob) -koch ( bob, 81 ) -snowflake ( bob, 3**5 ) - - - - -wait_for_user() diff --git a/chapter_6/Exercise_6-7_power.py b/chapter_6/Exercise_6-7_power.py deleted file mode 100644 index 308b7e0..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/Exercise_6-7_power.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html -# Chapter 6 exercise 7 - -# -# This program determines if a given counting number is a power of another -# counting number - -def is_power(a, b) : - assert ( a > 0 ) - assert ( b > 0 ) - if a < b : - return False - elif a == b : - return True - else : - if a % b == 0 : - return is_power ( a/b, b ) - else : - return False - - -def test ( a, b ) : - if is_power ( a, b ) : - print a, "is a power of", b - else : - print a, "is not a power of ", b - -test ( 9, 3 ) -test ( 3, 3 ) -test ( 10, 3 ) -test ( 27, 3 ) -test ( 3, 9 ) -test ( 3, 10 ) -test ( 1000, 10 ) -test ( 1001, 10 ) -test ( 70, 10 ) -try : - test ( 15, 0 ) -except AssertionError : - print "Successfully checked that b cannot be zero" -try : - test ( 15, -1 ) -except AssertionError : - print "Successfully checked that b cannot be negative" -try : - test ( -100, 10 ) -except AssertionError : - print "Successfully checked that a cannot be negative" - - - diff --git a/chapter_6/exercise_6-8_gcd.py b/chapter_6/exercise_6-8_gcd.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5600f05..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/exercise_6-8_gcd.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html -# Chapter 6 exercise 8 -# Euclid's algorithm to find the greatest common divisor -# One way to find the GCD of two numbers is Euclid’s algorithm, which is based -# on the observation that if r is the remainder when a is divided by b, then -# gcd(a, b) = gcd(b, r). As a base case, we can use gcd(a, 0) = a. - - -def gcd ( a, b ) : - if b == 0 : - return a - else : - r = a % b - return gcd( b, r ) - - -def test ( a, b, g ) : - """This function verifies that the GCD of a and b is g """ - gt = gcd ( a, b ) - if gt == g : - print "The GCD of ",a, b, "is, in fact, ", g - else : - print "PROBLEM: the GCD of ",a,b, "should be ",g, "but ",gt, "was returned" - - -test ( 12, 3, 3 ) -test ( 8, 9, 1 ) -test ( 20, 30, 10 ) -test ( 14, 21, 7 ) -test ( 21, 14, 7 ) -test ( 28, 14, 14 ) - - - diff --git a/chapter_6/exercise_6_1.py b/chapter_6/exercise_6_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 168f048..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/exercise_6_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Write a compare function that returns 1 ix x>y, 0 if x=y, -1 if x<y -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html - -def compare(x, y) : - if x<y : - return -1 - elif x==y : - return 0 - else : - return 1 - - -print "Testing integers" -assert compare(1, 2) == -1 -print "Testing strings" -assert compare("b", "a") == +1 -print "Testing tuples" -assert compare((1,2,3),(1,2,3)) == 0 diff --git a/chapter_6/exercise_6_3.py b/chapter_6/exercise_6_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index cd2a899..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/exercise_6_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html -# Write a function is_between(x, y, z) that returns True if x ≤ y ≤ z or False otherwise. - -def is_between ( x, y, z ) : - return ( x<=y<=z ) - -def test ( x, y, z, expected ) : - """This function documents the testing process. x, y, z are arguments to -the function under test, is_between. exprected is the expected result, either -True or False""" - print "Testing ", x, y, z - assert ( is_between ( x, y, z ) == expected ) - - -test( 1, 2, 3, True ) -test( 1, 2, 2, True ) -test( 1, 1, 3, True ) -test( 1, 1, 1, True ) -test( 1, 3, 2, False ) -test( 3, 1, 2, False ) -test( 1, 2, 1, False ) - diff --git a/chapter_6/exercise_6_4.py b/chapter_6/exercise_6_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index b9649cb..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/exercise_6_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html -# Exercise 6-4 - -def b(z): - prod = a(z, z) - print z, prod - return prod - -def a(x, y): - x = x + 1 - return x * y - -def c(x, y, z): - total = x + y + z - square = b(total)**2 - return square - -x = 1 -y = x + 1 -print c(x, y+3, x+y) diff --git a/chapter_6/exercise_6_5_ackerman.py b/chapter_6/exercise_6_5_ackerman.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3db4f1b..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/exercise_6_5_ackerman.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# The Ackermann function, A(m, n), is defined: -# A(m, n) = -# n+1 if m = 0 -# A(m−1, 1) if m > 0 and n = 0 -# A(m−1, A(m, n−1)) if m > 0 and n > 0. -# -# See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackermann_function. Write a function named -# ack that evaluates Ackerman’s function. Use your function to evaluate -# ack(3, 4), which should be 125. What happens for larger values of m and n? - - -def ack ( m, n ) : - """An implementation of the Ackermann function""" - assert m >= 0 - assert n >= 0 - if m == 0 : - return n + 1 - else : # m > 0, since if m is < 0, then the assert will fail - if n == 0 : - return ack ( m-1, 1 ) - else : # n > 0, since if n is < 0, then the assert will fail - return ( ack ( m-1, ack(m, n-1) ) ) - -print "Testing that the ack(3,4) is 125 ", -assert ack(3,4) == 125 -print "Test passed" -while True : - m = int ( raw_input ( "Enter m >> " ) ) - n = int ( raw_input ( "Enter n >> " ) ) - print "ack(",m,",",n,") is ", ack(m,n) - - diff --git a/chapter_6/palindrome_exercise_6_6.py b/chapter_6/palindrome_exercise_6_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 69c90b9..0000000 --- a/chapter_6/palindrome_exercise_6_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# This program finds palidromic words -# http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython007.html - -DEBUG = False # True if you wish to debug the string functions - -def first(word): - return word[0] - -def last(word): - return word[-1] - -def middle(word): - return word[1:-1] - - -def is_palindrome ( word ) : - """A word is *not* a palindrome if the last character and the first character -are different. A word *is* a palindrom if the first and last characters are the -same and the middle letters are a palindrome""" - if len(word) <= 1 : - return True - elif first(word) != last(word) : - return False - else : - return is_palindrome ( middle ( word ) ) - -if DEBUG : - while True : - word = raw_input("Enter a word >> ") - print "First letter is ", first(word) - print "last letter is ", last(word) - print "middle letter is ", middle(word) - -def test ( word ) : - print word, "is", "not" if not is_palindrome( word) else "", "a palindrome" - - -test("noon") -test("redivider") -test("Jeffrey") diff --git a/chapter_7/exercise_7_1.py b/chapter_7/exercise_7_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 4ef76a8..0000000 --- a/chapter_7/exercise_7_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython008.html -# Chapter 7 exercise 1 -# As another example, we can write a function that prints a string n times. -# -# def print_n(s, n): -# if n <= 0: -# return -# print s -# print_n(s, n-1) -# -# For this exercise, re-write this function using a loop. - -def print_n ( s, n ) : - for i in range(n) : - print s - - -print_n ( "Jeff", 4 ) - diff --git a/chapter_7/exercise_7_2_sqrt.py b/chapter_7/exercise_7_2_sqrt.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8f0a213..0000000 --- a/chapter_7/exercise_7_2_sqrt.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython008.html -# Chapter 7 exercise 2 -# Implement Newton's method to find square roots -# - -epsilon = 1.0E-12 - -def sqrt ( x ) : - while True: - print x - y = (x + a/x) / 2 - if abs(y-x) < epsilon : - break - x = y - return y - -while True : - a = float( raw_input ( "Enter a value to the take the square root of " ) ) - x = sqrt(a) - e = a - x*x - print "The calculated square root is ", x, " and the error is ", e - diff --git a/chapter_7/exercise_7_3_sqrt.py b/chapter_7/exercise_7_3_sqrt.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0dee077..0000000 --- a/chapter_7/exercise_7_3_sqrt.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython008.html -# Chapter 7 exercise 3 -# Implement Newton's method to find square roots -# -import math - -epsilon = 1.0E-12 - -def sqrt ( x ) : - while True: -# print x - y = (x + a/x) / 2 - if abs(y-x) < epsilon : - break - x = y - return y - - -def test_square_root( a ) : - xt = sqrt(a) - xc = math.sqrt(a) - print "%10f %14f %14f %10.4e" % ( a, xt, xc, abs( xc-xt) ) - -for a in range(1,10) : - test_square_root( float(a) ) - - diff --git a/chapter_7/exercise_7_4_eval.py b/chapter_7/exercise_7_4_eval.py deleted file mode 100644 index 83b9f20..0000000 --- a/chapter_7/exercise_7_4_eval.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython008.html -# Chapter 7 exercise 4 -# - -def eval_loop () : - while True : - e = raw_input(" Enter an expression to evaluate (be gentle) or 'done' if done " ) - if e == "done" : - break - r = eval( e ) - print r - -eval_loop() diff --git a/chapter_7/exercise_7_5_pi.py b/chapter_7/exercise_7_5_pi.py deleted file mode 100644 index 437ffc9..0000000 --- a/chapter_7/exercise_7_5_pi.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Use the algorithm found by The mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan which is an -# infinite series that can be used to generate a numerical approximation of pi - -import math - - -k = 0 -series_sum = 0.0 -while True : - k4_factorial = math.factorial( 4 * k ) - numerator = k4_factorial * ( 1103 + 26390 * k ) - denominator = math.factorial(k)**4 * 396 ** (4 * k ) - term = float( numerator ) / ( denominator ) - if abs(term) < 1.0E-15 : - break - series_sum += term - k += 1 - -pi = 9801.0 / ( 2 * math.sqrt(2.0) * series_sum ) - -print "It took ", k, "iterations. pi = ", pi, "The reference value is ", math.pi, "The error is ", pi - math.pi diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_1.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1168984..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# Chapter 8 exercise 1 -# Write a function that takes a string as an argument and displays the letters -# backward, one per line. - -def backwards ( s ) : - i = len(s) - while i > 0 : - print s[i-1] - i -= 1 - - -backwards ("Jeff") - - diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_10.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_10.py deleted file mode 100644 index 13c55eb..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_10.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Exercise 8.10 -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# Write a one-line function that returns True if the input string is a palindrome -# False if not a palindrome - -def is_palindrome(s) : - return s==s[::-1] - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_is_palindrome(s, expected ) : - if is_palindrome(s) == expected : - print "Correct for %s" % s - else : - print "FAILS for %s" % s - - test_is_palindrome ( "alula", True ) - test_is_palindrome ( "Jeff", False ) - test_is_palindrome ( "kinnikinnik", True ) - - # Go to http://www.rinkworks.com/words/palindromes.shtml which has palindromic - # phrases. Does this one liner work for phrases? How would you modify the - # function is_palindrome to work on phrases as well as words? - test_is_palindrome ("I did, did I", True ) diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_12.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_12.py deleted file mode 100644 index d0df1b7..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_12.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,74 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 8.12 -# ROT13 is a weak form of encryption that involves “rotating” each letter in a -# word by 13 places. To rotate a letter means to shift it through the alphabet, -# wrapping around to the beginning if necessary, so ’A’ shifted by 3 is ’D’ -# and ’Z’ shifted by 1 is ’A’. -# Write a function called rotate_word that takes a string and an integer as -# parameters, and that returns a new string that contains the letters from the -# original string “rotated” by the given amount. -# For example, “cheer” rotated by 7 is “jolly” and “melon” rotated by -10 -# is “cubed”. -# You might want to use the built-in functions ord, which converts a character -# to a numeric code, and chr, which converts numeric codes to characters. -# -# Potentially offensive jokes on the Internet are sometimes encoded in ROT13. -# If you are not easily offended, find and decode some of them. -# Solution: http://thinkpython.com/code/rotate.py. - -# import string # You need to do this to get the ord and chr functions - # See - -def rotate_word ( w, i ) : - """Rotate the characters in string w by i places""" - - result = "" - for c in w : - result = result + rotate_char ( c, i ) - return result - -def rotate_char ( c, i ) : - """rotate character c by i places. If c is not an uppercase or lowercase -letter (e.g. if it is a number or punctuation) then do not rotate it. """ -# At least Prof. Downey has that restriction in his example. If you assumed -# that the character set is ASCII and did modulo 127 instead of modulo 26, then -# you could rotate any ASCII character. Food for thought: how would you -# implement rotate_char for Unicode-8? And for you budding cryptologists: why -# is this encryption system weak? - if c.isupper(): - start = ord('A') # Who remembers that the ASCII value for A is 65? - elif c.islower(): - start = ord('a') # Who remembers that the ASCII value for a is 97? -# If this is the kind of trivia that floats your boat and you are running UNIX -# or cygwin, give the command "man ascii" for assistance - else: - return c - - index = ord(c) - start - new_char = chr ( (index + i) % 26 + start ) - return new_char - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_rotate_word ( w , i ) : - """This tests whether word w is rotated properly by rotating it, printing it, -then rotating it back and checking that it is unchanged""" - cypher_text = rotate_word ( w, i ) - print "The cyphertext of %s is %s" % ( w, cypher_text ) - clear_text = rotate_word ( cypher_text, -i ) - if clear_text == w : - print "%s works!" % w - else : - print "%s FAILS. The recovered text is %s" % ( w, clear_text ) - - - test_rotate_word ("Jeff", 4 ) - test_rotate_word ("truck", 10 ) - test_rotate_word ("BLAM!!", 6 ) - test_rotate_word ("We rob the 3:10 at Yuma.", 17 ) - - - - diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_2.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5995527..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# Chapter 8 exercise 2 -# -# In Robert McCloskey's book Make Way for Ducklings, the names of the ducklings are Jack, Kack, Lack, Mack, Nack, -# Ouack, Pack, and Quack. This loop outputs these names in order: - -#prefixes = 'JKLMNOPQ' -#suffix = 'ack' - -#for letter in prefixes: -# print letter + suffix - -# The output is: - -#Jack -#Kack -#Lack -#Mack -#Nack -#Oack -#Pack -#Qack - -#Of course, that's not quite right because "Ouack" and "Quack" are misspelled. -# Exercise 2 - -# Modify the program to fix this error. - -prefixes = 'JKLMNOPQ' -suffix = 'ack' -for letter in prefixes: - if letter in 'OQ' : # This is a trick for strings and other sequences - letter += 'u' - print letter + suffix - diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_4.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index ce42d08..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,32 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From: http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# modify the find function so that it takes a third paratmeter, index, where it -# should start looking. - -def find(word, letter, index) : - while index < len(word): - if word[index] == letter: - return index - index = index + 1 - return -1 - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_find ( word, letter, index, expected ) : - result = find ( word, letter, index ) - if result == expected : - print "word %s letter %s index %d produced the expected result %d" % ( - word, letter, index, result ) - else : - print "word %s letter %s index %d FAILED! Got %d expected %d" % ( - word, letter, index, result, expected ) - - - test_find ( 'apple', 'a', 0, 0 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'a', 1, -1 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'b', 0, -1 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'p', 1, 1 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'w', 3, -1 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'p', 17, -1 ) - test_find ( 'apple', 'e', 3, 4 ) - diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_5.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 07350ba..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From: http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# Encapsulate this code in a function named count, and generalize it so that it accepts the -# string and the letter as arguments. - -def count ( word, sought ) : - """This function counts the number of occurances of a letter in a word""" - - c = 0 - for letter in word: - if letter == sought : - c = c + 1 - return c - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_count ( word, sought, expected ) : - """This function tests the count function""" - r = count ( word, sought ) - if r == expected : - print "count %s %s returned %d as expected" % ( word, sought, r ) - else : - print "Count %s %s FAILED. Returned %d expected %d" % ( word, sought, r, expected ) - - test_count ("apple", "a", 1) - test_count ("apple", "p", 2 ) - test_count ("apple", "e", 1 ) - test_count ("Mississippi", "s", 4 ) - test_count ("Wisconsin", "e", 0 ) - diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_6.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index bbde398..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# Exercise 6 Rewrite this function so that instead of traversing the string, -# it uses the three-parameter version of find from the previous section. -# -# I'm not sure how this is a better version than the version in exercise 8-5, -# because you still have to traverse the string. You do it either in the caller -# or in the called function, find. - -import exercise_8_4 # Get the 3 parameter version of find -# find(word, letter, index) - -def count( word, letter ) : - """Count the number of times the letter letter appears in string word""" - counter = 0 - i = -1 # Because the call to find increments i by 1, so start at -1 - while True : - i = exercise_8_4.find(word, letter, i+1) - if i == -1 : -# find returns -1 if the letter was not found in word - break - counter += 1 - return counter - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_count ( word, letter, expected ) : - result = count ( word, letter ) - if result == expected : - print "word %s letter %s produced the expected result %d" % ( - word, letter, result ) - else : - print "word %s letter %s FAILED! Got %d expected %d" % ( - word, letter, result, expected ) - - - test_count ( 'apple', 'a', 1 ) - test_count ( 'apple', 'b', 0 ) - test_count ( 'apple', 'p', 2 ) - test_count ( 'apple', 'e', 1 ) diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_7.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_7.py deleted file mode 100644 index 825884f..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# From: http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# There is a string method called count that is similar to the function in the -# previous exercise. Read the documentation of this method and write an -# invocation that counts the number of as in 'banana'. -# See http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods - -print "banana".count("a") diff --git a/chapter_8/exercise_8_9.py b/chapter_8/exercise_8_9.py deleted file mode 100644 index 17ff29a..0000000 --- a/chapter_8/exercise_8_9.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Exercise 8.7 -# From http://greenteapress.com/thinkpython/html/thinkpython009.html -# The function in the book as two errors in it. - -def is_reverse(word1, word2): - if len(word1) != len(word2): - return False - - i = 0 - j = len(word2)-1 # First error: the index of the last character in a string - # is the length - 1 - - while j >= 0: # Second error: the index of the first character in a - # string is 0 - if word1[i] != word2[j]: - return False - i = i+1 - j = j-1 - - return True - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - def test_is_reverse ( word_1, word_2, expected ) : - r = is_reverse ( word_1, word_2 ) - if r == expected : - # We have to convert r to a string because it is a boolean - print "%s and %s are the expected value %s" % ( word_1, word_2, str(r) ) - else : - print "%s and %s FAIL! Expected value is %s actual value is %s" % ( - word_1, word_2, str(expected), str(r) ) - - - test_is_reverse( "pots", "stop", True ) - test_is_reverse( "Pots", "stop", False ) - test_is_reverse( "pots", "Stop", False ) # The first fixed version would not return the correct result for this test - test_is_reverse( "poTs", "stop", False ) - test_is_reverse( "pots", "Wisconsin", False ) - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_8_10.py b/chapter_9/exercise_8_10.py deleted file mode 120000 index d760d80..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_8_10.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -../chapter_8/exercise_8_10.py \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_1.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index 00945a5..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 9.1 -# Write a program that reads words.txt and prints only the words with more than -# 20 characters (not counting whitespace). - - -fin = open("words.txt", "r") -for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - if len(word) > 20 : - print word - -fin.close() diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_2.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index d097b83..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 9.2 -# In 1939 Ernest Vincent Wright published a 50,000 word novel called Gadsby that -# does not contain the letter “e.” Since “e” is the most common letter in -# English, that’s not easy to do. In fact, it is difficult to construct a -# solitary thought without using that most common symbol. It is slow going at -# first, but with caution and hours of training you can gradually gain facility. -# Write a function called has_no_e that returns True if the given word doesn’t -# have the letter “e” in it. -# Modify your program from the previous section to print only the words that -# have no “e” and compute the percentage of the words in the list have no “e.” - -fin = open("words.txt", "r") -ctr = 0 -w_ctr = 0 -for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - w_ctr += 1 - if not ( 'e' in word or 'E' in word ) : -# print "%s does not contain the letter 'e'" % word # This takes too long, but is useful for debugging - ctr += 1 -print "There are %d words that do not contain the letter 'e' out of %d words" % ( - ctr, w_ctr ) -print "That is %.2f %%" % (( 100.0 * float(ctr)/float(w_ctr) ),) - -fin.close() diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_3.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 4755bb1..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,48 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# Exercise 9.3 -# Write a function named avoids that takes a word and a string of forbidden -# letters, and that returns True if the word doesn’t use any of the forbidden -# letters. Modify your program to prompt the user to enter a string of -# forbidden letters and then print the number of words that don’t contain any -# of them. Can you find a combination of 5 forbidden letters that excludes the -# smallest number of words? - -TEST = False - -def no_forbidden ( word, forbidden_set ) : - """This function tests the word word to see if it contains any of the -characters in the forbidden set, which is also a string""" - for c in word : - if c in forbidden_set : - return False - return True - - -if TEST : - def test_no_forbidden ( word, forbidden_set, expected ) : - r = no_forbidden ( word, forbidden_set ) - if r == expected : - print "word %s with forbidden set %s works" % ( word, forbidden_set ) - else : - print "word %s with forbidden set %s FAILS returned %s expected %s" % ( word, - forbidden_set, str(r), str(expected ) ) - - test_no_forbidden ( "apple", "wksvQ", True ) - test_no_forbidden ( "apple", "wksva", False ) - test_no_forbidden ( "apple", "eksvQ", False ) - -else : - forbidden_set = raw_input ("Enter a forbidden set of characters ") - not_fb_ctr = 0 - lc = 0 - fin = open("words.txt", "r") - for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - lc = lc + 1 - if no_forbidden ( word, forbidden_set ) : - not_fb_ctr = not_fb_ctr + 1 - print "Out of %d words, %d did not contain any forbidden characters %s" % ( lc, not_fb_ctr, forbidden_set ) - -# if you use the 5 character forbidden set "aeiou" that will exclude all but 107 words - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_4.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index ece34e6..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Write a function named uses_only that takes a word and a string of letters, -# and that returns True if the word contains only letters in the list. Can you -# make a sentence using only the letters acefhlo? Other than “Hoe alfalfa?” -# "Cool each fella" is such a sentence. - -TEST = False - -def uses_only ( word, string ) : - """uses_only returns true if the word word contains only letters in the string -string""" - for c in word : - if c not in string : - return False - return True - -if TEST : - def test_uses_only ( word, string, expected ) : - r = uses_only ( word, string ) - if r == expected : - print "%s %s works as expected" % ( word, string ) - else : - print "%s %s FAILS, returned %s expected %s" % ( word, string, str(r), str(expected) ) - - - test_uses_only ( "Mississippi", "Misp", True ) - test_uses_only ( "apple", "ape", False ) - test_uses_only ( "apple", "aple", True ) - -else : - only_chars = raw_input("Enter letters ") - fin = open("words.txt", "r") - for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - if uses_only ( word, only_chars ) : - print "%s uses only %s" % (word, only_chars ) - - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_5.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 745c052..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,49 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Write a function named uses_all that takes a word and a string of required -# letters, and that returns True if the word uses all the required letters at -# least once. How many words are there that use all the vowels aeiou? How about -# aeiouy? - -TEST = False - -def uses_all ( word, required ) : - """uses all returns True if word uses all of the characters in string""" - - for c in required : - if c not in word : - return False # A required letter isn't used - return True - -if TEST : - def test_uses_all ( word, required, expected ) : - r = uses_all ( word, required ) - if r == expected : - print "The word %s and the required letters %s work" % ( word, required) - else : - print "The word %s and the required letters %s FAIL expected was %s returned was %s" % ( - word, required, str(r), str(expected) ) - - test_uses_all ( "apple", "aple", True ) - test_uses_all ( "pear", "aple", False ) - test_uses_all ( "apple", "peal", True ) - -else : - required = raw_input("Enter the required letters") - fin = open("words.txt", "r") - uses_all_ctr = 0 - for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - if uses_all ( word, required ) : - uses_all_ctr = uses_all_ctr + 1 - print "%s uses only %s" % (word, required ) - - - print "There are %d words that use all the characters %s" % ( - uses_all_ctr, required ) - - fin.close() - - - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_6.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8f71cc3..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Exercise 9.6 -# Write a function called is_abecedarian that returns True if the letters in a -# word appear in alphabetical order (double letters are ok). How many -# abecedarian words are there? - -TEST = False - -def sort_string( s ) : - """This function sorts string s so that the characters in the string are -in order""" -# This implementation is somewhat cheating because it uses lists. If I get some -# time, I will write an all strings version. That's hard because strings are -# immutable. Perhaps a bubble sort... - l = list(s) - l.sort() - s = "".join(l) - return s - -if TEST : - while True : - s = raw_input("Enter a string ") - t = sort_string(s) - if t == s : - print "%s is an abecedarian word" % s - else : - print "%s is NOT an abecedarian word" % s - - -else : - fin = open("words.txt", "r") - abecedarian_ctr = 0 - for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - t = sort_string( word) - if word == t : - abecedarian_ctr = abecedarian_ctr + 1 - print "%s is abecedarian" % word - - - print "There are %d abecedarian words" % ( - abecedarian_ctr ) diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_7.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_7.py deleted file mode 100644 index d4be834..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_7.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 9.7 -# Give me a word with three consecutive double letters. I’ll give you a couple -#of words that almost qualify, but don’t. For example, the word committee, -# c-o-m-m-i-t-t-e-e. It would be great except for the ‘i’ that sneaks in there. -# Or Mississippi: M-i-s-s-i-s-s-i-p-p-i. If you could take out those i’s it -# would work. But there is a word that has three consecutive pairs of letters -# and to the best of my knowledge this may be the only word. Of course there -# are probably 500 more but I can only think of one. What is the word? - -def double_letter ( word ) : - """ Returns True if word begins with a double character """ - if len( word ) < 2 : - return False - return word[0] == word[1] - -fin = open("words.txt", "r") -for line in fin : - word = line.strip() - rep_ctr = 0 - i = 0 - while i < len ( word ) : - if double_letter ( word[i:] ) : - rep_ctr += 1 - i += 2 - else : - rep_ctr = 0 # The double letters have to be consecutive - i += 1 - if rep_ctr >= 3 : - print "%s has three repeating double characters" % word -fin.close() - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_8.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_8.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7cfc3db..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_8.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Exercise 9.8 -# “I was driving on the highway the other day and I happened to notice my -# odometer. Like most odometers, it shows six digits, in whole miles only. So, -# if my car had 300,000 miles, for example, I’d see 3-0-0-0-0-0. -# “Now, what I saw that day was very interesting. I noticed that the last 4 -# digits were palindromic; that is, they read the same forward as backward. For -# example, 5-4-4-5 is a palindrome, so my odometer could have read 3-1-5-4-4-5. -# -# “One mile later, the last 5 numbers were palindromic. For example, it could -# have read 3-6-5-4-5-6. One mile after that, the middle 4 out of 6 numbers were -# palindromic. And you ready for this? One mile later, all 6 were palindromic! -# -# “The question is, what was on the odometer when I first looked?” -# -# I need the is_palindrome function that I wrote for chapter 8. The software -# is organized by chapters so I had to create a symlink from chapter 9 to chapter 8 -# with the linux command -# -# ln -s ../chapter_8/exercise_8_10.py . - -from exercise_8_10 import is_palindrome - - -mile = 0 -while mile <= 999999 : - mile_str = "%06d" % mile - if is_palindrome ( mile_str[-4:] ) : -# print "%s has last 4 digits a palindrome" % mile_str - res_str = mile_str + " " - mile += 1 - mile_str = "%06d" % mile - if is_palindrome ( mile_str[-5:] ) : - res_str = res_str + mile_str + " " - print "*** %s has last 5 digits a palindrome" % mile_str - mile += 1 - mile_str = "%06d" % mile - if is_palindrome ( mile_str[1:4] ) : - res_str = res_str + mile_str + " " - print "<><><><> %s has the middle 4 digits a palindrome" % mile_str - mile += 1 - mile_str = "%06d" % mile - if is_palindrome ( mile_str ) : - res_str = res_str + mile_str + " " - print "mile %d meets the confitions " % mile - print "!!!!!" + res_str - t = raw_input("Hit enter to continue" ) - mile += 1 - - - - diff --git a/chapter_9/exercise_9_9.py b/chapter_9/exercise_9_9.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0ce4a80..0000000 --- a/chapter_9/exercise_9_9.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -# “Recently I had a visit with my mom and we realized that the two digits that -# make up my age when reversed resulted in her age. For example, if she’s 73, -# I’m 37. We wondered how often this has happened over the years but we got -# sidetracked with other topics and we never came up with an answer. -# “When I got home I figured out that the digits of our ages have been -# reversible six times so far. I also figured out that if we’re lucky it would -# happen again in a few years, and if we’re really lucky it would happen one -# more time after that. In other words, it would have happened 8 times over all. -# So the question is, how old am I now?” - -def are_digits_reversed ( v1, v2 ) : - """Accepts two strings, 2 characters long. Returns True if the two strings -are reversed, that is, character 1 from 1 string is the same as character 2 from -the other string""" - return v1[0] == v2[1] and v1[1] == v2[0] - -def number_instances ( diff ) : - """Returns the number of times the digits are reversed given the differnce -in the ages""" - child = 0 - age_list = [] - while True : - parent = child + diff - parent_age_str = "%02d" % parent - child_age_str = "%02d" % child - if are_digits_reversed ( parent_age_str, child_age_str ) : - age_list.append(child) - if parent > 99 : - break - child += 1 - return age_list - -print "Diff\t#instances" -for diff in range ( 10, 70 ) : # seems unlikely that the mother would be 10... - age_list = number_instances ( diff ) - if len(age_list) > 0 : - print "%d\t%d" % ( diff, len(age_list) ) - if len(age_list) == 8 : - print "I am currently %d years old and my parent is %d years olf" \ - % ( age_list[5], age_list[5]+diff ) - - diff --git a/checkerboard.py b/checkerboard.py deleted file mode 100644 index 372cf84..0000000 --- a/checkerboard.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This simulates a checkerboard or a chess board - -def set_square_color ( a, r, c ): - "This sets the square color to what it is supposed to be" - a[r][c] = "*" if (r+c)%2 == 0 else " " - -def return_checkerboard() : - """This function returns an 8x8 checkboard. The white spaces are white and -the black spaces are "*" """ - a=[] - for r in range(8): - a.append([]) - for c in range(8) : - a[r].append([]) - set_square_color( a, r, c) - return a - -def print_checkerboard( b ) : - "This prints an 8x8 checkboard" - for r in range(8) : - for c in range(8) : - print b[r][c], - print - -a = return_checkerboard() -print_checkerboard(a) -print - -a[0][0] = "Q" -a[1][2] = "Q" -a[2][4] = "Q" -a[3][6] = "Q" - -print_checkerboard(a) - - - - diff --git a/class_and_instance_variables.py b/class_and_instance_variables.py deleted file mode 100644 index 36ad7ce..0000000 --- a/class_and_instance_variables.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Demonstrates the differences between instance attributes -# and class attributes - - -class A(object) : - c = 16 # c is a class variable - def __init__ ( self,x ) : - self.i = x -a1 = A(3) -a2 = A(4) -print a1.c, a2.c -print a1 is a2 -print a1.c, a2.c -print a1.c is a2.c -print a1.i, a2.i -a1.c="Vikings" -print a1.c, a2.c -print a1.c is a2.c - diff --git a/class_inheritence_demo_1.py b/class_inheritence_demo_1.py deleted file mode 100644 index a4cee6c..0000000 --- a/class_inheritence_demo_1.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -class A(object) : - x = 1.0 - z = "spam!" - -class B(A) : - y = 2.7 - z = "vikings" - -b = B( ) - -print b.x, b.y, b.z - -a = A( ) -print a.x, a.z - diff --git a/comprehensions.py b/comprehensions.py deleted file mode 100644 index 54ad76f..0000000 --- a/comprehensions.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# demonstration of list comprehension vs. generator comprehension in a loop -import math - -for i in [x for x in range(100) if math.sqrt(x) % 1.0 == 0 ] : - print i, -print - -for i in (x for x in range(100) if math.sqrt(x) % 1.0 == 0 ) : - print i, -print - -S = [x for x in range(100) if math.sqrt(x) % 1.0 == 0 ] -G = (x for x in range(100) if math.sqrt(x) % 1.0 == 0 ) - -print type(S) -for i in S : - print i, -print - -print type(G) -for i in G : - print i, -print diff --git a/comprehensions_jacky.py b/comprehensions_jacky.py deleted file mode 100644 index 2fb7b19..0000000 --- a/comprehensions_jacky.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -""" -More list comprehension explanations and examples -""" - -from route import puget -from phones import phones, physics_dept - -print phones - -# use a loop to build up a list from a source, filter, and pattern: -def physics_people(): - names = [] - for (name, phone) in phones: # phones is the source - if physics_dept(phone): # physics_deptn(phone) is the filter - names.append(name) # name is the pattern - return names - -print physics_people() - -# a list comprehension expresses the same thing in one expression -# [ pattern for item in source if filter ] -print [ name for (name, phone) in phones if physics_dept(phone) ] - -# the pattern can be elaborate -print [ "%s's phone is %s" % (name,phone) - for (name, phone) in phones if physics_dept(phone) ] - - -# note the difference between filter and conditional expr. in pattern - -def odd(i): return i%2 # 1 (true) when i is odd, 0 (false) when even - -print [ (i, 'odd') for i in range(5) if odd(i) ] # filter - -print [ (i, 'odd' if odd(i) else 'even') for i in range(5) ] # pattern - - -# map pattern: apply a function to each element in the source - -print [ odd(i) for i in range(5) ] - -# built-in map function is an alternative - -print map(odd, range(5)) # - -# filter pattern: use a filter (Boolean function) to select elements from source - -print [ i for i in range(5) if odd(i) ] - -# built-in filter function is an alternative - -print filter(odd, range(5)) - - diff --git a/corrector.py b/corrector.py deleted file mode 100644 index f9d2b30..0000000 --- a/corrector.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -""" -Peter Norvig's spelling corrector, from http://www.norvig.com/spell-correct.html -""" - -import re, collections - -def words(text): return re.findall('[a-z]+', text.lower()) - -def train(features): - model = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 1) - for f in features: - model[f] += 1 - return model - -NWORDS = train(words(file('big.txt').read())) - -alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' - -def edits1(word): - splits = [(word[:i], word[i:]) for i in range(len(word) + 1)] - deletes = [a + b[1:] for a, b in splits if b] - transposes = [a + b[1] + b[0] + b[2:] for a, b in splits if len(b)>1] - replaces = [a + c + b[1:] for a, b in splits for c in alphabet if b] - inserts = [a + c + b for a, b in splits for c in alphabet] - return set(deletes + transposes + replaces + inserts) - -def known_edits2(word): - return set(e2 for e1 in edits1(word) for e2 in edits1(e1) if e2 in NWORDS) - -def known(words): return set(w for w in words if w in NWORDS) - -def correct(word): - candidates = known([word]) or known(edits1(word)) or known_edits2(word) or [word] - return max(candidates, key=NWORDS.get) - diff --git a/crosswalk.py b/crosswalk.py deleted file mode 100644 index e94e2d0..0000000 --- a/crosswalk.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,145 +0,0 @@ -''' Phil Larkin's Crosswalks. 2012-12-06 - - - Reference Web Page: - - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04100/04.cfm - - - Original Source Code: - - def Reclass(traffic, spd, lane, med): - if traffic <= 9000: - return "C" - elif (9000 < traffic <= 12000) and (lane <= 4) and not (lane >= 4 and med == "No" and spd == "35"): - return "C" - elif (9000 < traffic <= 12000) and lane >= 4 and med == "no" and spd == "35"): - return "X" - elif (12000 < traffic <= 15000) and (lane == 2): - return "2c" - elif (12000 < traffic <= 15000) and (lane == 3 and (spd == "30" or spd == "25")): - return "2ca" - elif (12000 < traffic <= 15000) and (lane == 3 and spd == "35"): - return "2x" - elif (12000 < traffic <= 15000) and (lane >= 4 and (spd != "60")): - return "2xX" - __esri_field_calculator_splitter__ - - Reclass(!TrfVol2011!, !SPEED!, !Lanes!, !Median!) - ''' - -tst = ( ( ('a', 'b', 'c'), ('d', 'e', 'f'), ('g', 'h', 'i'), ('j', 'k', 'l') ) \ - , ( ('m', 'n', 'o'), ('p', 'q', 'r'), ('s', 't', 'u'), ('v', 'w', 'x') ) \ - , ( ('A', 'B', 'C'), ('D', 'E', 'F'), ('G', 'H', 'I'), ('J', 'K', 'L') ) \ - , ( ('M', 'N', 'O'), ('P', 'Q', 'R'), ('S', 'T', 'U'), ('V', 'W', 'X') ) ) - -t3d = ( ( ('C', 'C', 'P'), ('C', 'C', 'P'), ('C', 'C', 'N'), ('C', 'P', 'N') ) \ - , ( ('C', 'C', 'P'), ('C', 'P', 'P'), ('P', 'P', 'N'), ('P', 'N', 'N') ) \ - , ( ('C', 'C', 'P'), ('C', 'P', 'N'), ('P', 'P', 'N'), ('N', 'N', 'N') ) \ - , ( ('C', 'P', 'N'), ('P', 'P', 'N'), ('N', 'N', 'N'), ('N', 'N', 'N') ) ) - -def valid_index(d): - ''' Check if d is a valid index into a tuple (i.e. is d an integer). ''' - return isinstance(d, int) - -def reclass(traffic, spd, lane, med): - ''' Given traffic, speed, lanes and median, return classification. - - traffic: number - spd : text like '30', '35' or '40' - lane : integer that is 2 or greater - med : text--either 'Yes' or 'No' - x, y, z: indexes into the 3-dimensional tuple, t3d - ''' - x = 0 if lane == 2 else \ - 1 if lane == 3 else \ - 2 if lane >= 4 and med == "Yes" else \ - 3 if lane >= 4 and med == "No" else 'error' - y = 0 if traffic <= 9000 else \ - 1 if traffic <= 12000 else \ - 2 if traffic <= 15000 else \ - 3 if traffic > 15000 else 'error' - z = 0 if spd <= '30' else \ - 1 if spd <= '35' else \ - 2 if spd <= '40' else 'error' - - assert valid_index(x) and valid_index(y) and valid_index(z) - - return t3d[x][y][z] - -def main(): - ''' Output: - 000a 001b 002c 010d 011e 012f 020g 021h 022i 030j 031k 032l - 100m 101n 102o 110p 111q 112r 120s 121t 122u 130v 131w 132x - 200A 201B 202C 210D 211E 212F 220G 221H 222I 230J 231K 232L - 300M 301N 302O 310P 311Q 312R 320S 321T 322U 330V 331W 332X - - 07000, '30', 2, ' ': 'C' - 07000, '30', 3, ' ': 'C' - 07000, '30', 4, 'Yes': 'C' - 07000, '30', 4, 'No' : 'C' - 07000, '35', 2, ' ': 'C' - 07000, '35', 3, ' ': 'C' - 07000, '35', 4, 'Yes': 'C' - 07000, '35', 4, 'No' : 'P' - 07000, '40', 2, ' ': 'P' - 07000, '40', 3, ' ': 'P' - 07000, '40', 4, 'Yes': 'P' - 07000, '40', 4, 'No' : 'N' - - 10000, '30', 2, ' ': 'C' - 10000, '30', 3, ' ': 'C' - 10000, '30', 4, 'Yes': 'C' - 10000, '30', 4, 'No' : 'P' - 10000, '35', 2, ' ': 'C' - 10000, '35', 3, ' ': 'P' - 10000, '35', 4, 'Yes': 'P' - 10000, '35', 4, 'No' : 'P' - 10000, '40', 2, ' ': 'P' - 10000, '40', 3, ' ': 'P' - 10000, '40', 4, 'Yes': 'N' - 10000, '40', 4, 'No' : 'N' - - 13000, '30', 2, ' ': 'C' - 13000, '30', 3, ' ': 'P' - 13000, '30', 4, 'Yes': 'P' - 13000, '30', 4, 'No' : 'N' - 13000, '35', 2, ' ': 'C' - 13000, '35', 3, ' ': 'P' - 13000, '35', 4, 'Yes': 'P' - 13000, '35', 4, 'No' : 'N' - 13000, '40', 2, ' ': 'N' - 13000, '40', 3, ' ': 'N' - 13000, '40', 4, 'Yes': 'N' - 13000, '40', 4, 'No' : 'N' - - 16000, '30', 2, ' ': 'C' - 16000, '30', 3, ' ': 'P' - 16000, '30', 4, 'Yes': 'N' - 16000, '30', 4, 'No' : 'N' - 16000, '35', 2, ' ': 'P' - 16000, '35', 3, ' ': 'N' - 16000, '35', 4, 'Yes': 'N' - 16000, '35', 4, 'No' : 'N' - 16000, '40', 2, ' ': 'N' - 16000, '40', 3, ' ': 'N' - 16000, '40', 4, 'Yes': 'N' - 16000, '40', 4, 'No' : 'N' - ''' - for x in range(4): - for y in range(4): - for z in range(3): - print '%d%d%d%s' % (x, y, z, tst[x][y][z]), - print - print - # print_reclass(7000, '30', 1, ' ') # Raises AssertionError for lane = 1 - for tra in (7000, 10000, 13000, 16000): - for spd in ('30', '35', '40'): - for lan, med in ( (2, ' '), (3, ' '), (4, 'Yes'), (4, 'No' ) ): - extra_space_after_no = ' ' if med == 'No' else '' - print "%.5d, '%s', %1d, '%s'%s: '%s'" % (tra, spd, lan, med \ - , extra_space_after_no, reclass(tra, spd, lan, med) ) - print - -if __name__ == '__main__': - main() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/decorators.py b/decorators.py deleted file mode 100644 index 362002e..0000000 --- a/decorators.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This script gives some examples of decorators - -import time - -def time_it( function, *args ) : - def wrapped_funct( *args ) : - start_time = time.time() - function ( args ) - print "function:", function.__name__, "took", time.time() - start_time, \ - "to execute" - return wrapped_funct - -@time_it -def a_very_complicated_function( *args ) : - """This is a very complicated function that takes a long time to execute""" - print "Starting execution" - time.sleep(4) - print "Ending execution" - - -class Jeffs_class ( object ) : - def class_method (self, a ) : - """This is an example of a class method""" - print "In class_method: a=",a - - @classmethod - def class_method_2 (self, a ) : - """This is another example of a class method which is decorated""" - print "In class_method_2: a=",a - - @staticmethod # This is a built in function, see - # http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#staticmethod - def static_method ( a ) : - """This is an example of a class method that has been converted to a -static method""" - print "In static_method: a=",a - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - a_very_complicated_function( 1, 2, 3 ) - j = Jeffs_class() - j.class_method( 6 ) # This is pythonic - j.class_method( 7.1 ) # This is also pythonic - - Jeffs_class.static_method ( 14 ) - - try : - Jeffs_class.class_method( 22.3 ) # This throws an error because it is a - # class method but it is not called on - # an instance - except TypeError, e : - print "TypeError exception was raised on Jeffs_class.class_method( 22.3)",e - else : - print "TypeError exception was *not* raised on Jeffs_class.class_method( 22.3)" - - try : - Jeffs_class.class_method_2( 22.4 ) # This does not throw an error because it - # was decordated with @classmethod - except TypeError, e : - print "TypeError exception was raised on Jeffs_class.class_method( 22.4)",e - else : - print "TypeError exception was *not* raised on Jeffs_class.class_method( 22.4)" - - Jeffs_class.class_method(j, 12.5 ) # DO NOT DO THIS - IT IS NOT "pythonic" - - j.static_method( (2+3j) ) - Jeffs_class().static_method("Damned Vikings") - - - - - diff --git a/dispatch_table.py b/dispatch_table.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7fafa81..0000000 --- a/dispatch_table.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This demonstrates a weird data structure, a dictinary of functions - - -def f_1() : - print "In function", f_1.func_name - -def f_2() : - print "In function", f_2.func_name - -def f_3() : - print "In function", f_3.func_name - -def f_4() : - print "In function", f_4.func_name - -def f_5() : - print "In function", f_5.func_name - -def initialize_dispatch_table() : - """The dispatch table is a dictionary of functions keyed by integers""" - dt = dict() - dt[1] = f_1 - dt[2] = f_2 - dt[3] = f_3 - dt[4] = f_4 - dt[5] = f_5 - return dt - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - dispatch_table = initialize_dispatch_table() - - while True : - event = int(raw_input("Enter an event between 1 and 5 inclusive ")) - if 1 <= event <= 5 : - dispatch_table[event]() - - - diff --git a/docstrings.py b/docstrings.py deleted file mode 100644 index fccf0f4..0000000 --- a/docstrings.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Demonstrates how to document a very confusing function - -def confusion ( a, b, c ) : - """This is a very confusing function and you are wise to read the documentation -for it. -a is the first argument -b is the second argument -c is the third argument -""" - return ( a,b,c ) - - -print help(confusion) -print "*" * 30 -print confusion.__doc__ - - diff --git a/duck.py b/duck.py deleted file mode 100644 index a122935..0000000 --- a/duck.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -# This program demonstrates "duck typing", which is a form of polymorphism -# Week 8 -# -class A(object) : - pass - -class C(object) : - pass - -class B(A): - def f(self, x): - print "I am in function f in class B, x is ", x - -class D(C): - def f(self, x): - print "I am in function f in class D, x is ", x - - -b = B() -d = D() - -b.f("instance b") -d.f("instance d") - -def do_something(z): - print "In do_something", - y = 42 # A different universe of humor - z.f(y) - - -print "calling do_something with b", -do_something(b) -print "calling do_something with d", -do_something(d) - diff --git a/emma.txt b/emma.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a89b9d6..0000000 --- a/emma.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16233 +0,0 @@ - -Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a comfortable home -and happy disposition, seemed to unite some of the best blessings of -existence; and had lived nearly twenty-one years in the world with very -little to distress or vex her. - -She was the youngest of the two daughters of a most affectionate, -indulgent father; and had, in consequence of her sister's marriage, been -mistress of his house from a very early period. Her mother had died -too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of -her caresses; and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as -governess, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection. - -Sixteen years had Miss Taylor been in Mr. Woodhouse's family, less as a -governess than a friend, very fond of both daughters, but particularly -of Emma. Between _them_ it was more the intimacy of sisters. Even before -Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the -mildness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; -and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been -living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma -doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor's judgment, but -directed chiefly by her own. - -The real evils, indeed, of Emma's situation were the power of having -rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too -well of herself; these were the disadvantages which threatened alloy to -her many enjoyments. The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, -that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her. - -Sorrow came--a gentle sorrow--but not at all in the shape of any -disagreeable consciousness.--Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's -loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this -beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any -continuance. The wedding over, and the bride-people gone, her father and -herself were left to dine together, with no prospect of a third to cheer -a long evening. Her father composed himself to sleep after dinner, as -usual, and she had then only to sit and think of what she had lost. - -The event had every promise of happiness for her friend. Mr. Weston -was a man of unexceptionable character, easy fortune, suitable age, and -pleasant manners; and there was some satisfaction in considering -with what self-denying, generous friendship she had always wished and -promoted the match; but it was a black morning's work for her. The want -of Miss Taylor would be felt every hour of every day. She recalled her -past kindness--the kindness, the affection of sixteen years--how she had -taught and how she had played with her from five years old--how she had -devoted all her powers to attach and amuse her in health--and how -nursed her through the various illnesses of childhood. A large debt of -gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse of the last seven -years, the equal footing and perfect unreserve which had soon followed -Isabella's marriage, on their being left to each other, was yet a -dearer, tenderer recollection. She had been a friend and companion such -as few possessed: intelligent, well-informed, useful, gentle, knowing -all the ways of the family, interested in all its concerns, and -peculiarly interested in herself, in every pleasure, every scheme of -hers--one to whom she could speak every thought as it arose, and who had -such an affection for her as could never find fault. - -How was she to bear the change?--It was true that her friend was going -only half a mile from them; but Emma was aware that great must be the -difference between a Mrs. Weston, only half a mile from them, and a Miss -Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, natural and domestic, -she was now in great danger of suffering from intellectual solitude. She -dearly loved her father, but he was no companion for her. He could not -meet her in conversation, rational or playful. - -The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had -not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; -for having been a valetudinarian all his life, without activity of -mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; and though -everywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart and his amiable -temper, his talents could not have recommended him at any time. - -Her sister, though comparatively but little removed by matrimony, being -settled in London, only sixteen miles off, was much beyond her daily -reach; and many a long October and November evening must be struggled -through at Hartfield, before Christmas brought the next visit from -Isabella and her husband, and their little children, to fill the house, -and give her pleasant society again. - -Highbury, the large and populous village, almost amounting to a town, -to which Hartfield, in spite of its separate lawn, and shrubberies, and -name, did really belong, afforded her no equals. The Woodhouses -were first in consequence there. All looked up to them. She had many -acquaintance in the place, for her father was universally civil, but -not one among them who could be accepted in lieu of Miss Taylor for even -half a day. It was a melancholy change; and Emma could not but sigh over -it, and wish for impossible things, till her father awoke, and made it -necessary to be cheerful. His spirits required support. He was a nervous -man, easily depressed; fond of every body that he was used to, and -hating to part with them; hating change of every kind. Matrimony, as the -origin of change, was always disagreeable; and he was by no means yet -reconciled to his own daughter's marrying, nor could ever speak of her -but with compassion, though it had been entirely a match of affection, -when he was now obliged to part with Miss Taylor too; and from his -habits of gentle selfishness, and of being never able to suppose that -other people could feel differently from himself, he was very much -disposed to think Miss Taylor had done as sad a thing for herself as for -them, and would have been a great deal happier if she had spent all the -rest of her life at Hartfield. Emma smiled and chatted as cheerfully -as she could, to keep him from such thoughts; but when tea came, it was -impossible for him not to say exactly as he had said at dinner, - -"Poor Miss Taylor!--I wish she were here again. What a pity it is that -Mr. Weston ever thought of her!" - -"I cannot agree with you, papa; you know I cannot. Mr. Weston is such -a good-humoured, pleasant, excellent man, that he thoroughly deserves -a good wife;--and you would not have had Miss Taylor live with us for -ever, and bear all my odd humours, when she might have a house of her -own?" - -"A house of her own!--But where is the advantage of a house of her own? -This is three times as large.--And you have never any odd humours, my -dear." - -"How often we shall be going to see them, and they coming to see us!--We -shall be always meeting! _We_ must begin; we must go and pay wedding -visit very soon." - -"My dear, how am I to get so far? Randalls is such a distance. I could -not walk half so far." - -"No, papa, nobody thought of your walking. We must go in the carriage, -to be sure." - -"The carriage! But James will not like to put the horses to for such a -little way;--and where are the poor horses to be while we are paying our -visit?" - -"They are to be put into Mr. Weston's stable, papa. You know we have -settled all that already. We talked it all over with Mr. Weston last -night. And as for James, you may be very sure he will always like going -to Randalls, because of his daughter's being housemaid there. I only -doubt whether he will ever take us anywhere else. That was your doing, -papa. You got Hannah that good place. Nobody thought of Hannah till you -mentioned her--James is so obliged to you!" - -"I am very glad I did think of her. It was very lucky, for I would not -have had poor James think himself slighted upon any account; and I am -sure she will make a very good servant: she is a civil, pretty-spoken -girl; I have a great opinion of her. Whenever I see her, she always -curtseys and asks me how I do, in a very pretty manner; and when you -have had her here to do needlework, I observe she always turns the lock -of the door the right way and never bangs it. I am sure she will be an -excellent servant; and it will be a great comfort to poor Miss Taylor -to have somebody about her that she is used to see. Whenever James goes -over to see his daughter, you know, she will be hearing of us. He will -be able to tell her how we all are." - -Emma spared no exertions to maintain this happier flow of ideas, and -hoped, by the help of backgammon, to get her father tolerably -through the evening, and be attacked by no regrets but her own. The -backgammon-table was placed; but a visitor immediately afterwards walked -in and made it unnecessary. - -Mr. Knightley, a sensible man about seven or eight-and-thirty, was not -only a very old and intimate friend of the family, but particularly -connected with it, as the elder brother of Isabella's husband. He lived -about a mile from Highbury, was a frequent visitor, and always welcome, -and at this time more welcome than usual, as coming directly from their -mutual connexions in London. He had returned to a late dinner, after -some days' absence, and now walked up to Hartfield to say that all were -well in Brunswick Square. It was a happy circumstance, and animated -Mr. Woodhouse for some time. Mr. Knightley had a cheerful manner, which -always did him good; and his many inquiries after "poor Isabella" and -her children were answered most satisfactorily. When this was over, Mr. -Woodhouse gratefully observed, "It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, -to come out at this late hour to call upon us. I am afraid you must have -had a shocking walk." - -"Not at all, sir. It is a beautiful moonlight night; and so mild that I -must draw back from your great fire." - -"But you must have found it very damp and dirty. I wish you may not -catch cold." - -"Dirty, sir! Look at my shoes. Not a speck on them." - -"Well! that is quite surprising, for we have had a vast deal of rain -here. It rained dreadfully hard for half an hour while we were at -breakfast. I wanted them to put off the wedding." - -"By the bye--I have not wished you joy. Being pretty well aware of what -sort of joy you must both be feeling, I have been in no hurry with my -congratulations; but I hope it all went off tolerably well. How did you -all behave? Who cried most?" - -"Ah! poor Miss Taylor! 'Tis a sad business." - -"Poor Mr. and Miss Woodhouse, if you please; but I cannot possibly say -'poor Miss Taylor.' I have a great regard for you and Emma; but when it -comes to the question of dependence or independence!--At any rate, it -must be better to have only one to please than two." - -"Especially when _one_ of those two is such a fanciful, troublesome -creature!" said Emma playfully. "That is what you have in your head, I -know--and what you would certainly say if my father were not by." - -"I believe it is very true, my dear, indeed," said Mr. Woodhouse, with a -sigh. "I am afraid I am sometimes very fanciful and troublesome." - -"My dearest papa! You do not think I could mean _you_, or suppose Mr. -Knightley to mean _you_. What a horrible idea! Oh no! I meant only -myself. Mr. Knightley loves to find fault with me, you know--in a -joke--it is all a joke. We always say what we like to one another." - -Mr. Knightley, in fact, was one of the few people who could see faults -in Emma Woodhouse, and the only one who ever told her of them: and -though this was not particularly agreeable to Emma herself, she knew -it would be so much less so to her father, that she would not have him -really suspect such a circumstance as her not being thought perfect by -every body. - -"Emma knows I never flatter her," said Mr. Knightley, "but I meant no -reflection on any body. Miss Taylor has been used to have two persons -to please; she will now have but one. The chances are that she must be a -gainer." - -"Well," said Emma, willing to let it pass--"you want to hear about -the wedding; and I shall be happy to tell you, for we all behaved -charmingly. Every body was punctual, every body in their best looks: not -a tear, and hardly a long face to be seen. Oh no; we all felt that we -were going to be only half a mile apart, and were sure of meeting every -day." - -"Dear Emma bears every thing so well," said her father. "But, Mr. -Knightley, she is really very sorry to lose poor Miss Taylor, and I am -sure she _will_ miss her more than she thinks for." - -Emma turned away her head, divided between tears and smiles. "It -is impossible that Emma should not miss such a companion," said Mr. -Knightley. "We should not like her so well as we do, sir, if we could -suppose it; but she knows how much the marriage is to Miss Taylor's -advantage; she knows how very acceptable it must be, at Miss Taylor's -time of life, to be settled in a home of her own, and how important to -her to be secure of a comfortable provision, and therefore cannot allow -herself to feel so much pain as pleasure. Every friend of Miss Taylor -must be glad to have her so happily married." - -"And you have forgotten one matter of joy to me," said Emma, "and a very -considerable one--that I made the match myself. I made the match, you -know, four years ago; and to have it take place, and be proved in the -right, when so many people said Mr. Weston would never marry again, may -comfort me for any thing." - -Mr. Knightley shook his head at her. Her father fondly replied, "Ah! -my dear, I wish you would not make matches and foretell things, for -whatever you say always comes to pass. Pray do not make any more -matches." - -"I promise you to make none for myself, papa; but I must, indeed, for -other people. It is the greatest amusement in the world! And after such -success, you know!--Every body said that Mr. Weston would never marry -again. Oh dear, no! Mr. Weston, who had been a widower so long, and who -seemed so perfectly comfortable without a wife, so constantly occupied -either in his business in town or among his friends here, always -acceptable wherever he went, always cheerful--Mr. Weston need not spend -a single evening in the year alone if he did not like it. Oh no! Mr. -Weston certainly would never marry again. Some people even talked of a -promise to his wife on her deathbed, and others of the son and the -uncle not letting him. All manner of solemn nonsense was talked on the -subject, but I believed none of it. - -"Ever since the day--about four years ago--that Miss Taylor and I met -with him in Broadway Lane, when, because it began to drizzle, he darted -away with so much gallantry, and borrowed two umbrellas for us from -Farmer Mitchell's, I made up my mind on the subject. I planned the match -from that hour; and when such success has blessed me in this instance, -dear papa, you cannot think that I shall leave off match-making." - -"I do not understand what you mean by 'success,'" said Mr. Knightley. -"Success supposes endeavour. Your time has been properly and delicately -spent, if you have been endeavouring for the last four years to bring -about this marriage. A worthy employment for a young lady's mind! But -if, which I rather imagine, your making the match, as you call it, means -only your planning it, your saying to yourself one idle day, 'I think it -would be a very good thing for Miss Taylor if Mr. Weston were to marry -her,' and saying it again to yourself every now and then afterwards, why -do you talk of success? Where is your merit? What are you proud of? You -made a lucky guess; and _that_ is all that can be said." - -"And have you never known the pleasure and triumph of a lucky guess?--I -pity you.--I thought you cleverer--for, depend upon it a lucky guess is -never merely luck. There is always some talent in it. And as to my -poor word 'success,' which you quarrel with, I do not know that I am so -entirely without any claim to it. You have drawn two pretty pictures; -but I think there may be a third--a something between the do-nothing and -the do-all. If I had not promoted Mr. Weston's visits here, and given -many little encouragements, and smoothed many little matters, it might -not have come to any thing after all. I think you must know Hartfield -enough to comprehend that." - -"A straightforward, open-hearted man like Weston, and a rational, -unaffected woman like Miss Taylor, may be safely left to manage their -own concerns. You are more likely to have done harm to yourself, than -good to them, by interference." - -"Emma never thinks of herself, if she can do good to others," rejoined -Mr. Woodhouse, understanding but in part. "But, my dear, pray do not -make any more matches; they are silly things, and break up one's family -circle grievously." - -"Only one more, papa; only for Mr. Elton. Poor Mr. Elton! You like Mr. -Elton, papa,--I must look about for a wife for him. There is nobody in -Highbury who deserves him--and he has been here a whole year, and has -fitted up his house so comfortably, that it would be a shame to have him -single any longer--and I thought when he was joining their hands to-day, -he looked so very much as if he would like to have the same kind office -done for him! I think very well of Mr. Elton, and this is the only way I -have of doing him a service." - -"Mr. Elton is a very pretty young man, to be sure, and a very good young -man, and I have a great regard for him. But if you want to shew him any -attention, my dear, ask him to come and dine with us some day. That will -be a much better thing. I dare say Mr. Knightley will be so kind as to -meet him." - -"With a great deal of pleasure, sir, at any time," said Mr. Knightley, -laughing, "and I agree with you entirely, that it will be a much better -thing. Invite him to dinner, Emma, and help him to the best of the fish -and the chicken, but leave him to chuse his own wife. Depend upon it, a -man of six or seven-and-twenty can take care of himself." - - - -CHAPTER II - - -Mr. Weston was a native of Highbury, and born of a respectable family, -which for the last two or three generations had been rising into -gentility and property. He had received a good education, but, on -succeeding early in life to a small independence, had become indisposed -for any of the more homely pursuits in which his brothers were engaged, -and had satisfied an active, cheerful mind and social temper by entering -into the militia of his county, then embodied. - -Captain Weston was a general favourite; and when the chances of his -military life had introduced him to Miss Churchill, of a great Yorkshire -family, and Miss Churchill fell in love with him, nobody was surprized, -except her brother and his wife, who had never seen him, and who were -full of pride and importance, which the connexion would offend. - -Miss Churchill, however, being of age, and with the full command of her -fortune--though her fortune bore no proportion to the family-estate--was -not to be dissuaded from the marriage, and it took place, to the -infinite mortification of Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, who threw her off with -due decorum. It was an unsuitable connexion, and did not produce much -happiness. Mrs. Weston ought to have found more in it, for she had a -husband whose warm heart and sweet temper made him think every thing due -to her in return for the great goodness of being in love with him; -but though she had one sort of spirit, she had not the best. She had -resolution enough to pursue her own will in spite of her brother, -but not enough to refrain from unreasonable regrets at that brother's -unreasonable anger, nor from missing the luxuries of her former home. -They lived beyond their income, but still it was nothing in comparison -of Enscombe: she did not cease to love her husband, but she wanted at -once to be the wife of Captain Weston, and Miss Churchill of Enscombe. - -Captain Weston, who had been considered, especially by the Churchills, -as making such an amazing match, was proved to have much the worst of -the bargain; for when his wife died, after a three years' marriage, he -was rather a poorer man than at first, and with a child to maintain. -From the expense of the child, however, he was soon relieved. The boy -had, with the additional softening claim of a lingering illness of his -mother's, been the means of a sort of reconciliation; and Mr. and Mrs. -Churchill, having no children of their own, nor any other young creature -of equal kindred to care for, offered to take the whole charge of the -little Frank soon after her decease. Some scruples and some reluctance -the widower-father may be supposed to have felt; but as they were -overcome by other considerations, the child was given up to the care and -the wealth of the Churchills, and he had only his own comfort to seek, -and his own situation to improve as he could. - -A complete change of life became desirable. He quitted the militia and -engaged in trade, having brothers already established in a good way in -London, which afforded him a favourable opening. It was a concern which -brought just employment enough. He had still a small house in Highbury, -where most of his leisure days were spent; and between useful occupation -and the pleasures of society, the next eighteen or twenty years of his -life passed cheerfully away. He had, by that time, realised an easy -competence--enough to secure the purchase of a little estate adjoining -Highbury, which he had always longed for--enough to marry a woman as -portionless even as Miss Taylor, and to live according to the wishes of -his own friendly and social disposition. - -It was now some time since Miss Taylor had begun to influence his -schemes; but as it was not the tyrannic influence of youth on youth, -it had not shaken his determination of never settling till he could -purchase Randalls, and the sale of Randalls was long looked forward to; -but he had gone steadily on, with these objects in view, till they were -accomplished. He had made his fortune, bought his house, and obtained -his wife; and was beginning a new period of existence, with every -probability of greater happiness than in any yet passed through. He had -never been an unhappy man; his own temper had secured him from that, -even in his first marriage; but his second must shew him how delightful -a well-judging and truly amiable woman could be, and must give him the -pleasantest proof of its being a great deal better to choose than to be -chosen, to excite gratitude than to feel it. - -He had only himself to please in his choice: his fortune was his own; -for as to Frank, it was more than being tacitly brought up as his -uncle's heir, it had become so avowed an adoption as to have him assume -the name of Churchill on coming of age. It was most unlikely, therefore, -that he should ever want his father's assistance. His father had no -apprehension of it. The aunt was a capricious woman, and governed her -husband entirely; but it was not in Mr. Weston's nature to imagine that -any caprice could be strong enough to affect one so dear, and, as he -believed, so deservedly dear. He saw his son every year in London, and -was proud of him; and his fond report of him as a very fine young man -had made Highbury feel a sort of pride in him too. He was looked on as -sufficiently belonging to the place to make his merits and prospects a -kind of common concern. - -Mr. Frank Churchill was one of the boasts of Highbury, and a lively -curiosity to see him prevailed, though the compliment was so little -returned that he had never been there in his life. His coming to visit -his father had been often talked of but never achieved. - -Now, upon his father's marriage, it was very generally proposed, as a -most proper attention, that the visit should take place. There was not a -dissentient voice on the subject, either when Mrs. Perry drank tea with -Mrs. and Miss Bates, or when Mrs. and Miss Bates returned the visit. Now -was the time for Mr. Frank Churchill to come among them; and the hope -strengthened when it was understood that he had written to his new -mother on the occasion. For a few days, every morning visit in Highbury -included some mention of the handsome letter Mrs. Weston had received. -"I suppose you have heard of the handsome letter Mr. Frank Churchill -has written to Mrs. Weston? I understand it was a very handsome letter, -indeed. Mr. Woodhouse told me of it. Mr. Woodhouse saw the letter, and -he says he never saw such a handsome letter in his life." - -It was, indeed, a highly prized letter. Mrs. Weston had, of course, -formed a very favourable idea of the young man; and such a pleasing -attention was an irresistible proof of his great good sense, and a most -welcome addition to every source and every expression of congratulation -which her marriage had already secured. She felt herself a most -fortunate woman; and she had lived long enough to know how fortunate -she might well be thought, where the only regret was for a partial -separation from friends whose friendship for her had never cooled, and -who could ill bear to part with her. - -She knew that at times she must be missed; and could not think, without -pain, of Emma's losing a single pleasure, or suffering an hour's ennui, -from the want of her companionableness: but dear Emma was of no feeble -character; she was more equal to her situation than most girls would -have been, and had sense, and energy, and spirits that might be hoped -would bear her well and happily through its little difficulties and -privations. And then there was such comfort in the very easy distance of -Randalls from Hartfield, so convenient for even solitary female walking, -and in Mr. Weston's disposition and circumstances, which would make the -approaching season no hindrance to their spending half the evenings in -the week together. - -Her situation was altogether the subject of hours of gratitude to Mrs. -Weston, and of moments only of regret; and her satisfaction--her more -than satisfaction--her cheerful enjoyment, was so just and so apparent, -that Emma, well as she knew her father, was sometimes taken by surprize -at his being still able to pity 'poor Miss Taylor,' when they left her -at Randalls in the centre of every domestic comfort, or saw her go away -in the evening attended by her pleasant husband to a carriage of her -own. But never did she go without Mr. Woodhouse's giving a gentle sigh, -and saying, "Ah, poor Miss Taylor! She would be very glad to stay." - -There was no recovering Miss Taylor--nor much likelihood of ceasing to -pity her; but a few weeks brought some alleviation to Mr. Woodhouse. -The compliments of his neighbours were over; he was no longer teased by -being wished joy of so sorrowful an event; and the wedding-cake, which -had been a great distress to him, was all eat up. His own stomach -could bear nothing rich, and he could never believe other people to be -different from himself. What was unwholesome to him he regarded as unfit -for any body; and he had, therefore, earnestly tried to dissuade them -from having any wedding-cake at all, and when that proved vain, as -earnestly tried to prevent any body's eating it. He had been at the -pains of consulting Mr. Perry, the apothecary, on the subject. Mr. Perry -was an intelligent, gentlemanlike man, whose frequent visits were one -of the comforts of Mr. Woodhouse's life; and upon being applied to, he -could not but acknowledge (though it seemed rather against the bias -of inclination) that wedding-cake might certainly disagree with -many--perhaps with most people, unless taken moderately. With such an -opinion, in confirmation of his own, Mr. Woodhouse hoped to influence -every visitor of the newly married pair; but still the cake was eaten; -and there was no rest for his benevolent nerves till it was all gone. - -There was a strange rumour in Highbury of all the little Perrys being -seen with a slice of Mrs. Weston's wedding-cake in their hands: but Mr. -Woodhouse would never believe it. - - - -CHAPTER III - - -Mr. Woodhouse was fond of society in his own way. He liked very much to -have his friends come and see him; and from various united causes, from -his long residence at Hartfield, and his good nature, from his fortune, -his house, and his daughter, he could command the visits of his -own little circle, in a great measure, as he liked. He had not much -intercourse with any families beyond that circle; his horror of late -hours, and large dinner-parties, made him unfit for any acquaintance but -such as would visit him on his own terms. Fortunately for him, Highbury, -including Randalls in the same parish, and Donwell Abbey in the parish -adjoining, the seat of Mr. Knightley, comprehended many such. Not -unfrequently, through Emma's persuasion, he had some of the chosen and -the best to dine with him: but evening parties were what he preferred; -and, unless he fancied himself at any time unequal to company, there -was scarcely an evening in the week in which Emma could not make up a -card-table for him. - -Real, long-standing regard brought the Westons and Mr. Knightley; and by -Mr. Elton, a young man living alone without liking it, the privilege -of exchanging any vacant evening of his own blank solitude for the -elegancies and society of Mr. Woodhouse's drawing-room, and the smiles -of his lovely daughter, was in no danger of being thrown away. - -After these came a second set; among the most come-at-able of whom were -Mrs. and Miss Bates, and Mrs. Goddard, three ladies almost always at -the service of an invitation from Hartfield, and who were fetched and -carried home so often, that Mr. Woodhouse thought it no hardship for -either James or the horses. Had it taken place only once a year, it -would have been a grievance. - -Mrs. Bates, the widow of a former vicar of Highbury, was a very old -lady, almost past every thing but tea and quadrille. She lived with her -single daughter in a very small way, and was considered with all the -regard and respect which a harmless old lady, under such untoward -circumstances, can excite. Her daughter enjoyed a most uncommon degree -of popularity for a woman neither young, handsome, rich, nor married. -Miss Bates stood in the very worst predicament in the world for having -much of the public favour; and she had no intellectual superiority to -make atonement to herself, or frighten those who might hate her into -outward respect. She had never boasted either beauty or cleverness. Her -youth had passed without distinction, and her middle of life was devoted -to the care of a failing mother, and the endeavour to make a small -income go as far as possible. And yet she was a happy woman, and a woman -whom no one named without good-will. It was her own universal good-will -and contented temper which worked such wonders. She loved every body, -was interested in every body's happiness, quicksighted to every body's -merits; thought herself a most fortunate creature, and surrounded with -blessings in such an excellent mother, and so many good neighbours -and friends, and a home that wanted for nothing. The simplicity and -cheerfulness of her nature, her contented and grateful spirit, were a -recommendation to every body, and a mine of felicity to herself. She was -a great talker upon little matters, which exactly suited Mr. Woodhouse, -full of trivial communications and harmless gossip. - -Mrs. Goddard was the mistress of a School--not of a seminary, or an -establishment, or any thing which professed, in long sentences of -refined nonsense, to combine liberal acquirements with elegant morality, -upon new principles and new systems--and where young ladies for enormous -pay might be screwed out of health and into vanity--but a real, -honest, old-fashioned Boarding-school, where a reasonable quantity of -accomplishments were sold at a reasonable price, and where girls might -be sent to be out of the way, and scramble themselves into a little -education, without any danger of coming back prodigies. Mrs. Goddard's -school was in high repute--and very deservedly; for Highbury was -reckoned a particularly healthy spot: she had an ample house and garden, -gave the children plenty of wholesome food, let them run about a great -deal in the summer, and in winter dressed their chilblains with her own -hands. It was no wonder that a train of twenty young couple now walked -after her to church. She was a plain, motherly kind of woman, who -had worked hard in her youth, and now thought herself entitled to the -occasional holiday of a tea-visit; and having formerly owed much to Mr. -Woodhouse's kindness, felt his particular claim on her to leave her neat -parlour, hung round with fancy-work, whenever she could, and win or lose -a few sixpences by his fireside. - -These were the ladies whom Emma found herself very frequently able to -collect; and happy was she, for her father's sake, in the power; though, -as far as she was herself concerned, it was no remedy for the absence of -Mrs. Weston. She was delighted to see her father look comfortable, and -very much pleased with herself for contriving things so well; but the -quiet prosings of three such women made her feel that every evening so -spent was indeed one of the long evenings she had fearfully anticipated. - -As she sat one morning, looking forward to exactly such a close of the -present day, a note was brought from Mrs. Goddard, requesting, in most -respectful terms, to be allowed to bring Miss Smith with her; a most -welcome request: for Miss Smith was a girl of seventeen, whom Emma knew -very well by sight, and had long felt an interest in, on account of -her beauty. A very gracious invitation was returned, and the evening no -longer dreaded by the fair mistress of the mansion. - -Harriet Smith was the natural daughter of somebody. Somebody had placed -her, several years back, at Mrs. Goddard's school, and somebody -had lately raised her from the condition of scholar to that of -parlour-boarder. This was all that was generally known of her history. -She had no visible friends but what had been acquired at Highbury, and -was now just returned from a long visit in the country to some young -ladies who had been at school there with her. - -She was a very pretty girl, and her beauty happened to be of a sort -which Emma particularly admired. She was short, plump, and fair, with a -fine bloom, blue eyes, light hair, regular features, and a look of great -sweetness, and, before the end of the evening, Emma was as much pleased -with her manners as her person, and quite determined to continue the -acquaintance. - -She was not struck by any thing remarkably clever in Miss Smith's -conversation, but she found her altogether very engaging--not -inconveniently shy, not unwilling to talk--and yet so far from pushing, -shewing so proper and becoming a deference, seeming so pleasantly -grateful for being admitted to Hartfield, and so artlessly impressed -by the appearance of every thing in so superior a style to what she had -been used to, that she must have good sense, and deserve encouragement. -Encouragement should be given. Those soft blue eyes, and all those -natural graces, should not be wasted on the inferior society of Highbury -and its connexions. The acquaintance she had already formed were -unworthy of her. The friends from whom she had just parted, though very -good sort of people, must be doing her harm. They were a family of the -name of Martin, whom Emma well knew by character, as renting a large -farm of Mr. Knightley, and residing in the parish of Donwell--very -creditably, she believed--she knew Mr. Knightley thought highly of -them--but they must be coarse and unpolished, and very unfit to be the -intimates of a girl who wanted only a little more knowledge and elegance -to be quite perfect. _She_ would notice her; she would improve her; she -would detach her from her bad acquaintance, and introduce her into good -society; she would form her opinions and her manners. It would be an -interesting, and certainly a very kind undertaking; highly becoming her -own situation in life, her leisure, and powers. - -She was so busy in admiring those soft blue eyes, in talking and -listening, and forming all these schemes in the in-betweens, that the -evening flew away at a very unusual rate; and the supper-table, which -always closed such parties, and for which she had been used to sit and -watch the due time, was all set out and ready, and moved forwards to the -fire, before she was aware. With an alacrity beyond the common impulse -of a spirit which yet was never indifferent to the credit of doing every -thing well and attentively, with the real good-will of a mind delighted -with its own ideas, did she then do all the honours of the meal, and -help and recommend the minced chicken and scalloped oysters, with an -urgency which she knew would be acceptable to the early hours and civil -scruples of their guests. - -Upon such occasions poor Mr. Woodhouses feelings were in sad warfare. -He loved to have the cloth laid, because it had been the fashion of his -youth, but his conviction of suppers being very unwholesome made him -rather sorry to see any thing put on it; and while his hospitality would -have welcomed his visitors to every thing, his care for their health -made him grieve that they would eat. - -Such another small basin of thin gruel as his own was all that he could, -with thorough self-approbation, recommend; though he might constrain -himself, while the ladies were comfortably clearing the nicer things, to -say: - -"Mrs. Bates, let me propose your venturing on one of these eggs. An egg -boiled very soft is not unwholesome. Serle understands boiling an egg -better than any body. I would not recommend an egg boiled by any body -else; but you need not be afraid, they are very small, you see--one of -our small eggs will not hurt you. Miss Bates, let Emma help you to a -_little_ bit of tart--a _very_ little bit. Ours are all apple-tarts. You -need not be afraid of unwholesome preserves here. I do not advise the -custard. Mrs. Goddard, what say you to _half_ a glass of wine? A -_small_ half-glass, put into a tumbler of water? I do not think it could -disagree with you." - -Emma allowed her father to talk--but supplied her visitors in a much -more satisfactory style, and on the present evening had particular -pleasure in sending them away happy. The happiness of Miss Smith was -quite equal to her intentions. Miss Woodhouse was so great a personage -in Highbury, that the prospect of the introduction had given as much -panic as pleasure; but the humble, grateful little girl went off with -highly gratified feelings, delighted with the affability with which Miss -Woodhouse had treated her all the evening, and actually shaken hands -with her at last! - - - -CHAPTER IV - - -Harriet Smith's intimacy at Hartfield was soon a settled thing. Quick -and decided in her ways, Emma lost no time in inviting, encouraging, and -telling her to come very often; and as their acquaintance increased, so -did their satisfaction in each other. As a walking companion, Emma had -very early foreseen how useful she might find her. In that respect -Mrs. Weston's loss had been important. Her father never went beyond the -shrubbery, where two divisions of the ground sufficed him for his long -walk, or his short, as the year varied; and since Mrs. Weston's marriage -her exercise had been too much confined. She had ventured once alone to -Randalls, but it was not pleasant; and a Harriet Smith, therefore, -one whom she could summon at any time to a walk, would be a valuable -addition to her privileges. But in every respect, as she saw more of -her, she approved her, and was confirmed in all her kind designs. - -Harriet certainly was not clever, but she had a sweet, docile, grateful -disposition, was totally free from conceit, and only desiring to be -guided by any one she looked up to. Her early attachment to herself -was very amiable; and her inclination for good company, and power of -appreciating what was elegant and clever, shewed that there was no -want of taste, though strength of understanding must not be expected. -Altogether she was quite convinced of Harriet Smith's being exactly the -young friend she wanted--exactly the something which her home required. -Such a friend as Mrs. Weston was out of the question. Two such could -never be granted. Two such she did not want. It was quite a different -sort of thing, a sentiment distinct and independent. Mrs. Weston was the -object of a regard which had its basis in gratitude and esteem. Harriet -would be loved as one to whom she could be useful. For Mrs. Weston there -was nothing to be done; for Harriet every thing. - -Her first attempts at usefulness were in an endeavour to find out who -were the parents, but Harriet could not tell. She was ready to tell -every thing in her power, but on this subject questions were vain. Emma -was obliged to fancy what she liked--but she could never believe that in -the same situation _she_ should not have discovered the truth. Harriet -had no penetration. She had been satisfied to hear and believe just what -Mrs. Goddard chose to tell her; and looked no farther. - -Mrs. Goddard, and the teachers, and the girls and the affairs of -the school in general, formed naturally a great part of the -conversation--and but for her acquaintance with the Martins of -Abbey-Mill Farm, it must have been the whole. But the Martins occupied -her thoughts a good deal; she had spent two very happy months with them, -and now loved to talk of the pleasures of her visit, and describe -the many comforts and wonders of the place. Emma encouraged her -talkativeness--amused by such a picture of another set of beings, -and enjoying the youthful simplicity which could speak with so much -exultation of Mrs. Martin's having "_two_ parlours, two very good -parlours, indeed; one of them quite as large as Mrs. Goddard's -drawing-room; and of her having an upper maid who had lived -five-and-twenty years with her; and of their having eight cows, two of -them Alderneys, and one a little Welch cow, a very pretty little Welch -cow indeed; and of Mrs. Martin's saying as she was so fond of it, -it should be called _her_ cow; and of their having a very handsome -summer-house in their garden, where some day next year they were all to -drink tea:--a very handsome summer-house, large enough to hold a dozen -people." - -For some time she was amused, without thinking beyond the immediate -cause; but as she came to understand the family better, other feelings -arose. She had taken up a wrong idea, fancying it was a mother and -daughter, a son and son's wife, who all lived together; but when it -appeared that the Mr. Martin, who bore a part in the narrative, and was -always mentioned with approbation for his great good-nature in doing -something or other, was a single man; that there was no young Mrs. -Martin, no wife in the case; she did suspect danger to her poor little -friend from all this hospitality and kindness, and that, if she were not -taken care of, she might be required to sink herself forever. - -With this inspiriting notion, her questions increased in number and -meaning; and she particularly led Harriet to talk more of Mr. Martin, -and there was evidently no dislike to it. Harriet was very ready to -speak of the share he had had in their moonlight walks and merry evening -games; and dwelt a good deal upon his being so very good-humoured and -obliging. He had gone three miles round one day in order to bring her -some walnuts, because she had said how fond she was of them, and in -every thing else he was so very obliging. He had his shepherd's son into -the parlour one night on purpose to sing to her. She was very fond -of singing. He could sing a little himself. She believed he was very -clever, and understood every thing. He had a very fine flock, and, while -she was with them, he had been bid more for his wool than any body in -the country. She believed every body spoke well of him. His mother and -sisters were very fond of him. Mrs. Martin had told her one day (and -there was a blush as she said it,) that it was impossible for any body -to be a better son, and therefore she was sure, whenever he married, he -would make a good husband. Not that she _wanted_ him to marry. She was -in no hurry at all. - -"Well done, Mrs. Martin!" thought Emma. "You know what you are about." - -"And when she had come away, Mrs. Martin was so very kind as to send -Mrs. Goddard a beautiful goose--the finest goose Mrs. Goddard had ever -seen. Mrs. Goddard had dressed it on a Sunday, and asked all the three -teachers, Miss Nash, and Miss Prince, and Miss Richardson, to sup with -her." - -"Mr. Martin, I suppose, is not a man of information beyond the line of -his own business? He does not read?" - -"Oh yes!--that is, no--I do not know--but I believe he has read a -good deal--but not what you would think any thing of. He reads the -Agricultural Reports, and some other books that lay in one of the window -seats--but he reads all _them_ to himself. But sometimes of an evening, -before we went to cards, he would read something aloud out of the -Elegant Extracts, very entertaining. And I know he has read the Vicar of -Wakefield. He never read the Romance of the Forest, nor The Children of -the Abbey. He had never heard of such books before I mentioned them, but -he is determined to get them now as soon as ever he can." - -The next question was-- - -"What sort of looking man is Mr. Martin?" - -"Oh! not handsome--not at all handsome. I thought him very plain at -first, but I do not think him so plain now. One does not, you know, -after a time. But did you never see him? He is in Highbury every now and -then, and he is sure to ride through every week in his way to Kingston. -He has passed you very often." - -"That may be, and I may have seen him fifty times, but without having -any idea of his name. A young farmer, whether on horseback or on foot, -is the very last sort of person to raise my curiosity. The yeomanry are -precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can have nothing to do. -A degree or two lower, and a creditable appearance might interest me; -I might hope to be useful to their families in some way or other. But -a farmer can need none of my help, and is, therefore, in one sense, as -much above my notice as in every other he is below it." - -"To be sure. Oh yes! It is not likely you should ever have observed him; -but he knows you very well indeed--I mean by sight." - -"I have no doubt of his being a very respectable young man. I know, -indeed, that he is so, and, as such, wish him well. What do you imagine -his age to be?" - -"He was four-and-twenty the 8th of last June, and my birthday is the -23rd just a fortnight and a day's difference--which is very odd." - -"Only four-and-twenty. That is too young to settle. His mother is -perfectly right not to be in a hurry. They seem very comfortable as they -are, and if she were to take any pains to marry him, she would probably -repent it. Six years hence, if he could meet with a good sort of young -woman in the same rank as his own, with a little money, it might be very -desirable." - -"Six years hence! Dear Miss Woodhouse, he would be thirty years old!" - -"Well, and that is as early as most men can afford to marry, who are not -born to an independence. Mr. Martin, I imagine, has his fortune entirely -to make--cannot be at all beforehand with the world. Whatever money he -might come into when his father died, whatever his share of the family -property, it is, I dare say, all afloat, all employed in his stock, and -so forth; and though, with diligence and good luck, he may be rich in -time, it is next to impossible that he should have realised any thing -yet." - -"To be sure, so it is. But they live very comfortably. They have no -indoors man, else they do not want for any thing; and Mrs. Martin talks -of taking a boy another year." - -"I wish you may not get into a scrape, Harriet, whenever he does -marry;--I mean, as to being acquainted with his wife--for though his -sisters, from a superior education, are not to be altogether objected - -to, it does not follow that he might marry any body at all fit for you -to notice. The misfortune of your birth ought to make you particularly -careful as to your associates. There can be no doubt of your being a -gentleman's daughter, and you must support your claim to that station by -every thing within your own power, or there will be plenty of people who -would take pleasure in degrading you." - -"Yes, to be sure, I suppose there are. But while I visit at Hartfield, -and you are so kind to me, Miss Woodhouse, I am not afraid of what any -body can do." - -"You understand the force of influence pretty well, Harriet; but I would -have you so firmly established in good society, as to be independent -even of Hartfield and Miss Woodhouse. I want to see you permanently -well connected, and to that end it will be advisable to have as few odd -acquaintance as may be; and, therefore, I say that if you should still -be in this country when Mr. Martin marries, I wish you may not be drawn -in by your intimacy with the sisters, to be acquainted with the wife, -who will probably be some mere farmer's daughter, without education." - -"To be sure. Yes. Not that I think Mr. Martin would ever marry any body -but what had had some education--and been very well brought up. However, -I do not mean to set up my opinion against yours--and I am sure I shall -not wish for the acquaintance of his wife. I shall always have a great -regard for the Miss Martins, especially Elizabeth, and should be very -sorry to give them up, for they are quite as well educated as me. But -if he marries a very ignorant, vulgar woman, certainly I had better not -visit her, if I can help it." - -Emma watched her through the fluctuations of this speech, and saw no -alarming symptoms of love. The young man had been the first admirer, but -she trusted there was no other hold, and that there would be no serious -difficulty, on Harriet's side, to oppose any friendly arrangement of her -own. - -They met Mr. Martin the very next day, as they were walking on the -Donwell road. He was on foot, and after looking very respectfully at -her, looked with most unfeigned satisfaction at her companion. Emma was -not sorry to have such an opportunity of survey; and walking a few -yards forward, while they talked together, soon made her quick eye -sufficiently acquainted with Mr. Robert Martin. His appearance was very -neat, and he looked like a sensible young man, but his person had no -other advantage; and when he came to be contrasted with gentlemen, -she thought he must lose all the ground he had gained in Harriet's -inclination. Harriet was not insensible of manner; she had voluntarily -noticed her father's gentleness with admiration as well as wonder. Mr. -Martin looked as if he did not know what manner was. - -They remained but a few minutes together, as Miss Woodhouse must not be -kept waiting; and Harriet then came running to her with a smiling face, -and in a flutter of spirits, which Miss Woodhouse hoped very soon to -compose. - -"Only think of our happening to meet him!--How very odd! It was quite -a chance, he said, that he had not gone round by Randalls. He did not -think we ever walked this road. He thought we walked towards Randalls -most days. He has not been able to get the Romance of the Forest yet. -He was so busy the last time he was at Kingston that he quite forgot it, -but he goes again to-morrow. So very odd we should happen to meet! Well, -Miss Woodhouse, is he like what you expected? What do you think of him? -Do you think him so very plain?" - -"He is very plain, undoubtedly--remarkably plain:--but that is nothing -compared with his entire want of gentility. I had no right to expect -much, and I did not expect much; but I had no idea that he could be so -very clownish, so totally without air. I had imagined him, I confess, a -degree or two nearer gentility." - -"To be sure," said Harriet, in a mortified voice, "he is not so genteel -as real gentlemen." - -"I think, Harriet, since your acquaintance with us, you have been -repeatedly in the company of some such very real gentlemen, that you -must yourself be struck with the difference in Mr. Martin. At Hartfield, -you have had very good specimens of well educated, well bred men. I -should be surprized if, after seeing them, you could be in company -with Mr. Martin again without perceiving him to be a very inferior -creature--and rather wondering at yourself for having ever thought him -at all agreeable before. Do not you begin to feel that now? Were not -you struck? I am sure you must have been struck by his awkward look and -abrupt manner, and the uncouthness of a voice which I heard to be wholly -unmodulated as I stood here." - -"Certainly, he is not like Mr. Knightley. He has not such a fine air and -way of walking as Mr. Knightley. I see the difference plain enough. But -Mr. Knightley is so very fine a man!" - -"Mr. Knightley's air is so remarkably good that it is not fair to -compare Mr. Martin with _him_. You might not see one in a hundred with -_gentleman_ so plainly written as in Mr. Knightley. But he is not the -only gentleman you have been lately used to. What say you to Mr. Weston -and Mr. Elton? Compare Mr. Martin with either of _them_. Compare their -manner of carrying themselves; of walking; of speaking; of being silent. -You must see the difference." - -"Oh yes!--there is a great difference. But Mr. Weston is almost an old -man. Mr. Weston must be between forty and fifty." - -"Which makes his good manners the more valuable. The older a person -grows, Harriet, the more important it is that their manners should not -be bad; the more glaring and disgusting any loudness, or coarseness, or -awkwardness becomes. What is passable in youth is detestable in later -age. Mr. Martin is now awkward and abrupt; what will he be at Mr. -Weston's time of life?" - -"There is no saying, indeed," replied Harriet rather solemnly. - -"But there may be pretty good guessing. He will be a completely gross, -vulgar farmer, totally inattentive to appearances, and thinking of -nothing but profit and loss." - -"Will he, indeed? That will be very bad." - -"How much his business engrosses him already is very plain from the -circumstance of his forgetting to inquire for the book you recommended. -He was a great deal too full of the market to think of any thing -else--which is just as it should be, for a thriving man. What has he to -do with books? And I have no doubt that he _will_ thrive, and be a very -rich man in time--and his being illiterate and coarse need not disturb -_us_." - -"I wonder he did not remember the book"--was all Harriet's answer, and -spoken with a degree of grave displeasure which Emma thought might be -safely left to itself. She, therefore, said no more for some time. Her -next beginning was, - -"In one respect, perhaps, Mr. Elton's manners are superior to Mr. -Knightley's or Mr. Weston's. They have more gentleness. They might be -more safely held up as a pattern. There is an openness, a quickness, -almost a bluntness in Mr. Weston, which every body likes in _him_, -because there is so much good-humour with it--but that would not do to -be copied. Neither would Mr. Knightley's downright, decided, commanding -sort of manner, though it suits _him_ very well; his figure, and look, -and situation in life seem to allow it; but if any young man were to set -about copying him, he would not be sufferable. On the contrary, I think -a young man might be very safely recommended to take Mr. Elton as a -model. Mr. Elton is good-humoured, cheerful, obliging, and gentle. -He seems to me to be grown particularly gentle of late. I do not know -whether he has any design of ingratiating himself with either of us, -Harriet, by additional softness, but it strikes me that his manners are -softer than they used to be. If he means any thing, it must be to please -you. Did not I tell you what he said of you the other day?" - -She then repeated some warm personal praise which she had drawn from Mr. -Elton, and now did full justice to; and Harriet blushed and smiled, and -said she had always thought Mr. Elton very agreeable. - -Mr. Elton was the very person fixed on by Emma for driving the young -farmer out of Harriet's head. She thought it would be an excellent -match; and only too palpably desirable, natural, and probable, for her -to have much merit in planning it. She feared it was what every body -else must think of and predict. It was not likely, however, that any -body should have equalled her in the date of the plan, as it had -entered her brain during the very first evening of Harriet's coming to -Hartfield. The longer she considered it, the greater was her sense -of its expediency. Mr. Elton's situation was most suitable, quite the -gentleman himself, and without low connexions; at the same time, not of -any family that could fairly object to the doubtful birth of Harriet. -He had a comfortable home for her, and Emma imagined a very sufficient -income; for though the vicarage of Highbury was not large, he was known -to have some independent property; and she thought very highly of him -as a good-humoured, well-meaning, respectable young man, without any -deficiency of useful understanding or knowledge of the world. - -She had already satisfied herself that he thought Harriet a beautiful -girl, which she trusted, with such frequent meetings at Hartfield, was -foundation enough on his side; and on Harriet's there could be little -doubt that the idea of being preferred by him would have all the usual -weight and efficacy. And he was really a very pleasing young man, a -young man whom any woman not fastidious might like. He was reckoned very -handsome; his person much admired in general, though not by her, -there being a want of elegance of feature which she could not dispense -with:--but the girl who could be gratified by a Robert Martin's riding -about the country to get walnuts for her might very well be conquered by -Mr. Elton's admiration. - - - -CHAPTER V - - -"I do not know what your opinion may be, Mrs. Weston," said Mr. -Knightley, "of this great intimacy between Emma and Harriet Smith, but I -think it a bad thing." - -"A bad thing! Do you really think it a bad thing?--why so?" - -"I think they will neither of them do the other any good." - -"You surprize me! Emma must do Harriet good: and by supplying her with a -new object of interest, Harriet may be said to do Emma good. I have been -seeing their intimacy with the greatest pleasure. How very differently -we feel!--Not think they will do each other any good! This will -certainly be the beginning of one of our quarrels about Emma, Mr. -Knightley." - -"Perhaps you think I am come on purpose to quarrel with you, knowing -Weston to be out, and that you must still fight your own battle." - -"Mr. Weston would undoubtedly support me, if he were here, for he thinks -exactly as I do on the subject. We were speaking of it only yesterday, -and agreeing how fortunate it was for Emma, that there should be such a -girl in Highbury for her to associate with. Mr. Knightley, I shall not -allow you to be a fair judge in this case. You are so much used to live -alone, that you do not know the value of a companion; and, perhaps no -man can be a good judge of the comfort a woman feels in the society of -one of her own sex, after being used to it all her life. I can imagine -your objection to Harriet Smith. She is not the superior young woman -which Emma's friend ought to be. But on the other hand, as Emma wants -to see her better informed, it will be an inducement to her to read more -herself. They will read together. She means it, I know." - -"Emma has been meaning to read more ever since she was twelve years old. -I have seen a great many lists of her drawing-up at various times of -books that she meant to read regularly through--and very good lists -they were--very well chosen, and very neatly arranged--sometimes -alphabetically, and sometimes by some other rule. The list she drew -up when only fourteen--I remember thinking it did her judgment so much -credit, that I preserved it some time; and I dare say she may have made -out a very good list now. But I have done with expecting any course of -steady reading from Emma. She will never submit to any thing -requiring industry and patience, and a subjection of the fancy to the -understanding. Where Miss Taylor failed to stimulate, I may safely -affirm that Harriet Smith will do nothing.--You never could persuade her -to read half so much as you wished.--You know you could not." - -"I dare say," replied Mrs. Weston, smiling, "that I thought so -_then_;--but since we have parted, I can never remember Emma's omitting -to do any thing I wished." - -"There is hardly any desiring to refresh such a memory as _that_,"--said -Mr. Knightley, feelingly; and for a moment or two he had done. "But I," -he soon added, "who have had no such charm thrown over my senses, must -still see, hear, and remember. Emma is spoiled by being the cleverest -of her family. At ten years old, she had the misfortune of being able to -answer questions which puzzled her sister at seventeen. She was always -quick and assured: Isabella slow and diffident. And ever since she -was twelve, Emma has been mistress of the house and of you all. In her -mother she lost the only person able to cope with her. She inherits her -mother's talents, and must have been under subjection to her." - -"I should have been sorry, Mr. Knightley, to be dependent on _your_ -recommendation, had I quitted Mr. Woodhouse's family and wanted another -situation; I do not think you would have spoken a good word for me to -any body. I am sure you always thought me unfit for the office I held." - -"Yes," said he, smiling. "You are better placed _here_; very fit for a -wife, but not at all for a governess. But you were preparing yourself to -be an excellent wife all the time you were at Hartfield. You might -not give Emma such a complete education as your powers would seem to -promise; but you were receiving a very good education from _her_, on the -very material matrimonial point of submitting your own will, and doing -as you were bid; and if Weston had asked me to recommend him a wife, I -should certainly have named Miss Taylor." - -"Thank you. There will be very little merit in making a good wife to -such a man as Mr. Weston." - -"Why, to own the truth, I am afraid you are rather thrown away, and that -with every disposition to bear, there will be nothing to be borne. We -will not despair, however. Weston may grow cross from the wantonness of -comfort, or his son may plague him." - -"I hope not _that_.--It is not likely. No, Mr. Knightley, do not -foretell vexation from that quarter." - -"Not I, indeed. I only name possibilities. I do not pretend to Emma's -genius for foretelling and guessing. I hope, with all my heart, the -young man may be a Weston in merit, and a Churchill in fortune.--But -Harriet Smith--I have not half done about Harriet Smith. I think her the -very worst sort of companion that Emma could possibly have. She knows -nothing herself, and looks upon Emma as knowing every thing. She is a -flatterer in all her ways; and so much the worse, because undesigned. -Her ignorance is hourly flattery. How can Emma imagine she has any -thing to learn herself, while Harriet is presenting such a delightful -inferiority? And as for Harriet, I will venture to say that _she_ cannot -gain by the acquaintance. Hartfield will only put her out of conceit -with all the other places she belongs to. She will grow just refined -enough to be uncomfortable with those among whom birth and circumstances -have placed her home. I am much mistaken if Emma's doctrines give any -strength of mind, or tend at all to make a girl adapt herself rationally -to the varieties of her situation in life.--They only give a little -polish." - -"I either depend more upon Emma's good sense than you do, or am more -anxious for her present comfort; for I cannot lament the acquaintance. -How well she looked last night!" - -"Oh! you would rather talk of her person than her mind, would you? Very -well; I shall not attempt to deny Emma's being pretty." - -"Pretty! say beautiful rather. Can you imagine any thing nearer perfect -beauty than Emma altogether--face and figure?" - -"I do not know what I could imagine, but I confess that I have seldom -seen a face or figure more pleasing to me than hers. But I am a partial -old friend." - -"Such an eye!--the true hazle eye--and so brilliant! regular features, -open countenance, with a complexion! oh! what a bloom of full health, -and such a pretty height and size; such a firm and upright figure! -There is health, not merely in her bloom, but in her air, her head, her -glance. One hears sometimes of a child being 'the picture of health;' -now, Emma always gives me the idea of being the complete picture of -grown-up health. She is loveliness itself. Mr. Knightley, is not she?" - -"I have not a fault to find with her person," he replied. "I think her -all you describe. I love to look at her; and I will add this praise, -that I do not think her personally vain. Considering how very handsome -she is, she appears to be little occupied with it; her vanity lies -another way. Mrs. Weston, I am not to be talked out of my dislike of -Harriet Smith, or my dread of its doing them both harm." - -"And I, Mr. Knightley, am equally stout in my confidence of its not -doing them any harm. With all dear Emma's little faults, she is an -excellent creature. Where shall we see a better daughter, or a kinder -sister, or a truer friend? No, no; she has qualities which may be -trusted; she will never lead any one really wrong; she will make no -lasting blunder; where Emma errs once, she is in the right a hundred -times." - -"Very well; I will not plague you any more. Emma shall be an angel, and -I will keep my spleen to myself till Christmas brings John and Isabella. -John loves Emma with a reasonable and therefore not a blind affection, -and Isabella always thinks as he does; except when he is not quite -frightened enough about the children. I am sure of having their opinions -with me." - -"I know that you all love her really too well to be unjust or unkind; -but excuse me, Mr. Knightley, if I take the liberty (I consider myself, -you know, as having somewhat of the privilege of speech that Emma's -mother might have had) the liberty of hinting that I do not think any -possible good can arise from Harriet Smith's intimacy being made a -matter of much discussion among you. Pray excuse me; but supposing any -little inconvenience may be apprehended from the intimacy, it cannot be -expected that Emma, accountable to nobody but her father, who perfectly -approves the acquaintance, should put an end to it, so long as it is a -source of pleasure to herself. It has been so many years my province to -give advice, that you cannot be surprized, Mr. Knightley, at this little -remains of office." - -"Not at all," cried he; "I am much obliged to you for it. It is very -good advice, and it shall have a better fate than your advice has often -found; for it shall be attended to." - -"Mrs. John Knightley is easily alarmed, and might be made unhappy about -her sister." - -"Be satisfied," said he, "I will not raise any outcry. I will keep my -ill-humour to myself. I have a very sincere interest in Emma. Isabella -does not seem more my sister; has never excited a greater interest; -perhaps hardly so great. There is an anxiety, a curiosity in what one -feels for Emma. I wonder what will become of her!" - -"So do I," said Mrs. Weston gently, "very much." - -"She always declares she will never marry, which, of course, means just -nothing at all. But I have no idea that she has yet ever seen a man she -cared for. It would not be a bad thing for her to be very much in love -with a proper object. I should like to see Emma in love, and in some -doubt of a return; it would do her good. But there is nobody hereabouts -to attach her; and she goes so seldom from home." - -"There does, indeed, seem as little to tempt her to break her resolution -at present," said Mrs. Weston, "as can well be; and while she is so -happy at Hartfield, I cannot wish her to be forming any attachment which -would be creating such difficulties on poor Mr. Woodhouse's account. I -do not recommend matrimony at present to Emma, though I mean no slight -to the state, I assure you." - -Part of her meaning was to conceal some favourite thoughts of her own -and Mr. Weston's on the subject, as much as possible. There were wishes -at Randalls respecting Emma's destiny, but it was not desirable to -have them suspected; and the quiet transition which Mr. Knightley soon -afterwards made to "What does Weston think of the weather; shall we have -rain?" convinced her that he had nothing more to say or surmise about -Hartfield. - - - -CHAPTER VI - - -Emma could not feel a doubt of having given Harriet's fancy a proper -direction and raised the gratitude of her young vanity to a very good -purpose, for she found her decidedly more sensible than before of Mr. -Elton's being a remarkably handsome man, with most agreeable manners; -and as she had no hesitation in following up the assurance of his -admiration by agreeable hints, she was soon pretty confident of creating -as much liking on Harriet's side, as there could be any occasion for. -She was quite convinced of Mr. Elton's being in the fairest way of -falling in love, if not in love already. She had no scruple with regard -to him. He talked of Harriet, and praised her so warmly, that she could -not suppose any thing wanting which a little time would not add. His -perception of the striking improvement of Harriet's manner, since her -introduction at Hartfield, was not one of the least agreeable proofs of -his growing attachment. - -"You have given Miss Smith all that she required," said he; "you have -made her graceful and easy. She was a beautiful creature when she -came to you, but, in my opinion, the attractions you have added are -infinitely superior to what she received from nature." - -"I am glad you think I have been useful to her; but Harriet only wanted -drawing out, and receiving a few, very few hints. She had all the -natural grace of sweetness of temper and artlessness in herself. I have -done very little." - -"If it were admissible to contradict a lady," said the gallant Mr. -Elton-- - -"I have perhaps given her a little more decision of character, have -taught her to think on points which had not fallen in her way before." - -"Exactly so; that is what principally strikes me. So much superadded -decision of character! Skilful has been the hand!" - -"Great has been the pleasure, I am sure. I never met with a disposition -more truly amiable." - -"I have no doubt of it." And it was spoken with a sort of sighing -animation, which had a vast deal of the lover. She was not less pleased -another day with the manner in which he seconded a sudden wish of hers, -to have Harriet's picture. - -"Did you ever have your likeness taken, Harriet?" said she: "did you -ever sit for your picture?" - -Harriet was on the point of leaving the room, and only stopt to say, -with a very interesting naivete, - -"Oh! dear, no, never." - -No sooner was she out of sight, than Emma exclaimed, - -"What an exquisite possession a good picture of her would be! I would -give any money for it. I almost long to attempt her likeness myself. -You do not know it I dare say, but two or three years ago I had a great -passion for taking likenesses, and attempted several of my friends, and -was thought to have a tolerable eye in general. But from one cause or -another, I gave it up in disgust. But really, I could almost venture, -if Harriet would sit to me. It would be such a delight to have her -picture!" - -"Let me entreat you," cried Mr. Elton; "it would indeed be a delight! -Let me entreat you, Miss Woodhouse, to exercise so charming a talent -in favour of your friend. I know what your drawings are. How could -you suppose me ignorant? Is not this room rich in specimens of your -landscapes and flowers; and has not Mrs. Weston some inimitable -figure-pieces in her drawing-room, at Randalls?" - -Yes, good man!--thought Emma--but what has all that to do with taking -likenesses? You know nothing of drawing. Don't pretend to be in raptures -about mine. Keep your raptures for Harriet's face. "Well, if you give me -such kind encouragement, Mr. Elton, I believe I shall try what I can do. -Harriet's features are very delicate, which makes a likeness difficult; -and yet there is a peculiarity in the shape of the eye and the lines -about the mouth which one ought to catch." - -"Exactly so--The shape of the eye and the lines about the mouth--I have -not a doubt of your success. Pray, pray attempt it. As you will do it, -it will indeed, to use your own words, be an exquisite possession." - -"But I am afraid, Mr. Elton, Harriet will not like to sit. She thinks -so little of her own beauty. Did not you observe her manner of answering -me? How completely it meant, 'why should my picture be drawn?'" - -"Oh! yes, I observed it, I assure you. It was not lost on me. But still -I cannot imagine she would not be persuaded." - -Harriet was soon back again, and the proposal almost immediately made; -and she had no scruples which could stand many minutes against the -earnest pressing of both the others. Emma wished to go to work directly, -and therefore produced the portfolio containing her various attempts at -portraits, for not one of them had ever been finished, that they might -decide together on the best size for Harriet. Her many beginnings were -displayed. Miniatures, half-lengths, whole-lengths, pencil, crayon, and -water-colours had been all tried in turn. She had always wanted to do -every thing, and had made more progress both in drawing and music than -many might have done with so little labour as she would ever submit to. -She played and sang;--and drew in almost every style; but steadiness -had always been wanting; and in nothing had she approached the degree of -excellence which she would have been glad to command, and ought not to -have failed of. She was not much deceived as to her own skill either -as an artist or a musician, but she was not unwilling to have others -deceived, or sorry to know her reputation for accomplishment often -higher than it deserved. - -There was merit in every drawing--in the least finished, perhaps the -most; her style was spirited; but had there been much less, or had there -been ten times more, the delight and admiration of her two companions -would have been the same. They were both in ecstasies. A likeness -pleases every body; and Miss Woodhouse's performances must be capital. - -"No great variety of faces for you," said Emma. "I had only my own -family to study from. There is my father--another of my father--but the -idea of sitting for his picture made him so nervous, that I could only -take him by stealth; neither of them very like therefore. Mrs. Weston -again, and again, and again, you see. Dear Mrs. Weston! always my -kindest friend on every occasion. She would sit whenever I asked her. -There is my sister; and really quite her own little elegant figure!--and -the face not unlike. I should have made a good likeness of her, if she -would have sat longer, but she was in such a hurry to have me draw -her four children that she would not be quiet. Then, here come all my -attempts at three of those four children;--there they are, Henry and -John and Bella, from one end of the sheet to the other, and any one of -them might do for any one of the rest. She was so eager to have them -drawn that I could not refuse; but there is no making children of three -or four years old stand still you know; nor can it be very easy to take -any likeness of them, beyond the air and complexion, unless they are -coarser featured than any of mama's children ever were. Here is my -sketch of the fourth, who was a baby. I took him as he was sleeping on -the sofa, and it is as strong a likeness of his cockade as you would -wish to see. He had nestled down his head most conveniently. That's very -like. I am rather proud of little George. The corner of the sofa is very -good. Then here is my last,"--unclosing a pretty sketch of a gentleman -in small size, whole-length--"my last and my best--my brother, Mr. John -Knightley.--This did not want much of being finished, when I put it away -in a pet, and vowed I would never take another likeness. I could not -help being provoked; for after all my pains, and when I had really made -a very good likeness of it--(Mrs. Weston and I were quite agreed in -thinking it _very_ like)--only too handsome--too flattering--but -that was a fault on the right side"--after all this, came poor dear -Isabella's cold approbation of--"Yes, it was a little like--but to be -sure it did not do him justice. We had had a great deal of trouble -in persuading him to sit at all. It was made a great favour of; and -altogether it was more than I could bear; and so I never would finish -it, to have it apologised over as an unfavourable likeness, to every -morning visitor in Brunswick Square;--and, as I said, I did then -forswear ever drawing any body again. But for Harriet's sake, or rather -for my own, and as there are no husbands and wives in the case _at_ -_present_, I will break my resolution now." - -Mr. Elton seemed very properly struck and delighted by the idea, and was -repeating, "No husbands and wives in the case at present indeed, as -you observe. Exactly so. No husbands and wives," with so interesting a -consciousness, that Emma began to consider whether she had not better -leave them together at once. But as she wanted to be drawing, the -declaration must wait a little longer. - -She had soon fixed on the size and sort of portrait. It was to be -a whole-length in water-colours, like Mr. John Knightley's, and was -destined, if she could please herself, to hold a very honourable station -over the mantelpiece. - -The sitting began; and Harriet, smiling and blushing, and afraid of not -keeping her attitude and countenance, presented a very sweet mixture of -youthful expression to the steady eyes of the artist. But there was no -doing any thing, with Mr. Elton fidgeting behind her and watching every -touch. She gave him credit for stationing himself where he might gaze -and gaze again without offence; but was really obliged to put an end to -it, and request him to place himself elsewhere. It then occurred to her -to employ him in reading. - -"If he would be so good as to read to them, it would be a kindness -indeed! It would amuse away the difficulties of her part, and lessen the -irksomeness of Miss Smith's." - -Mr. Elton was only too happy. Harriet listened, and Emma drew in peace. -She must allow him to be still frequently coming to look; any thing less -would certainly have been too little in a lover; and he was ready at the -smallest intermission of the pencil, to jump up and see the progress, -and be charmed.--There was no being displeased with such an encourager, -for his admiration made him discern a likeness almost before it -was possible. She could not respect his eye, but his love and his -complaisance were unexceptionable. - -The sitting was altogether very satisfactory; she was quite enough -pleased with the first day's sketch to wish to go on. There was no want -of likeness, she had been fortunate in the attitude, and as she meant -to throw in a little improvement to the figure, to give a little more -height, and considerably more elegance, she had great confidence of -its being in every way a pretty drawing at last, and of its filling -its destined place with credit to them both--a standing memorial of the -beauty of one, the skill of the other, and the friendship of both; -with as many other agreeable associations as Mr. Elton's very promising -attachment was likely to add. - -Harriet was to sit again the next day; and Mr. Elton, just as he ought, -entreated for the permission of attending and reading to them again. - -"By all means. We shall be most happy to consider you as one of the -party." - -The same civilities and courtesies, the same success and satisfaction, -took place on the morrow, and accompanied the whole progress of the -picture, which was rapid and happy. Every body who saw it was pleased, -but Mr. Elton was in continual raptures, and defended it through every -criticism. - -"Miss Woodhouse has given her friend the only beauty she -wanted,"--observed Mrs. Weston to him--not in the least suspecting that -she was addressing a lover.--"The expression of the eye is most correct, -but Miss Smith has not those eyebrows and eyelashes. It is the fault of -her face that she has them not." - -"Do you think so?" replied he. "I cannot agree with you. It appears -to me a most perfect resemblance in every feature. I never saw such a -likeness in my life. We must allow for the effect of shade, you know." - -"You have made her too tall, Emma," said Mr. Knightley. - -Emma knew that she had, but would not own it; and Mr. Elton warmly -added, - -"Oh no! certainly not too tall; not in the least too tall. Consider, she -is sitting down--which naturally presents a different--which in short -gives exactly the idea--and the proportions must be preserved, you know. -Proportions, fore-shortening.--Oh no! it gives one exactly the idea of -such a height as Miss Smith's. Exactly so indeed!" - -"It is very pretty," said Mr. Woodhouse. "So prettily done! Just as your -drawings always are, my dear. I do not know any body who draws so well -as you do. The only thing I do not thoroughly like is, that she seems -to be sitting out of doors, with only a little shawl over her -shoulders--and it makes one think she must catch cold." - -"But, my dear papa, it is supposed to be summer; a warm day in summer. -Look at the tree." - -"But it is never safe to sit out of doors, my dear." - -"You, sir, may say any thing," cried Mr. Elton, "but I must confess that -I regard it as a most happy thought, the placing of Miss Smith out of -doors; and the tree is touched with such inimitable spirit! Any other -situation would have been much less in character. The naivete of Miss -Smith's manners--and altogether--Oh, it is most admirable! I cannot keep -my eyes from it. I never saw such a likeness." - -The next thing wanted was to get the picture framed; and here were a few -difficulties. It must be done directly; it must be done in London; the -order must go through the hands of some intelligent person whose taste -could be depended on; and Isabella, the usual doer of all commissions, -must not be applied to, because it was December, and Mr. Woodhouse -could not bear the idea of her stirring out of her house in the fogs of -December. But no sooner was the distress known to Mr. Elton, than it -was removed. His gallantry was always on the alert. "Might he be trusted -with the commission, what infinite pleasure should he have in executing -it! he could ride to London at any time. It was impossible to say how -much he should be gratified by being employed on such an errand." - -"He was too good!--she could not endure the thought!--she would not give -him such a troublesome office for the world,"--brought on the desired -repetition of entreaties and assurances,--and a very few minutes settled -the business. - -Mr. Elton was to take the drawing to London, chuse the frame, and give -the directions; and Emma thought she could so pack it as to ensure its -safety without much incommoding him, while he seemed mostly fearful of -not being incommoded enough. - -"What a precious deposit!" said he with a tender sigh, as he received -it. - -"This man is almost too gallant to be in love," thought Emma. "I should -say so, but that I suppose there may be a hundred different ways of -being in love. He is an excellent young man, and will suit Harriet -exactly; it will be an 'Exactly so,' as he says himself; but he does -sigh and languish, and study for compliments rather more than I could -endure as a principal. I come in for a pretty good share as a second. -But it is his gratitude on Harriet's account." - - - -CHAPTER VII - - -The very day of Mr. Elton's going to London produced a fresh occasion -for Emma's services towards her friend. Harriet had been at Hartfield, -as usual, soon after breakfast; and, after a time, had gone home to -return again to dinner: she returned, and sooner than had been -talked of, and with an agitated, hurried look, announcing something -extraordinary to have happened which she was longing to tell. Half a -minute brought it all out. She had heard, as soon as she got back to -Mrs. Goddard's, that Mr. Martin had been there an hour before, and -finding she was not at home, nor particularly expected, had left a -little parcel for her from one of his sisters, and gone away; and on -opening this parcel, she had actually found, besides the two songs which -she had lent Elizabeth to copy, a letter to herself; and this letter was -from him, from Mr. Martin, and contained a direct proposal of marriage. -"Who could have thought it? She was so surprized she did not know what -to do. Yes, quite a proposal of marriage; and a very good letter, -at least she thought so. And he wrote as if he really loved her very -much--but she did not know--and so, she was come as fast as she could to -ask Miss Woodhouse what she should do.--" Emma was half-ashamed of her -friend for seeming so pleased and so doubtful. - -"Upon my word," she cried, "the young man is determined not to lose any -thing for want of asking. He will connect himself well if he can." - -"Will you read the letter?" cried Harriet. "Pray do. I'd rather you -would." - -Emma was not sorry to be pressed. She read, and was surprized. The style -of the letter was much above her expectation. There were not merely no -grammatical errors, but as a composition it would not have disgraced a -gentleman; the language, though plain, was strong and unaffected, and -the sentiments it conveyed very much to the credit of the writer. It was -short, but expressed good sense, warm attachment, liberality, propriety, -even delicacy of feeling. She paused over it, while Harriet stood -anxiously watching for her opinion, with a "Well, well," and was at last -forced to add, "Is it a good letter? or is it too short?" - -"Yes, indeed, a very good letter," replied Emma rather slowly--"so -good a letter, Harriet, that every thing considered, I think one of his -sisters must have helped him. I can hardly imagine the young man whom -I saw talking with you the other day could express himself so well, if -left quite to his own powers, and yet it is not the style of a woman; -no, certainly, it is too strong and concise; not diffuse enough for a -woman. No doubt he is a sensible man, and I suppose may have a natural -talent for--thinks strongly and clearly--and when he takes a pen in -hand, his thoughts naturally find proper words. It is so with some men. -Yes, I understand the sort of mind. Vigorous, decided, with sentiments -to a certain point, not coarse. A better written letter, Harriet -(returning it,) than I had expected." - -"Well," said the still waiting Harriet;--"well--and--and what shall I -do?" - -"What shall you do! In what respect? Do you mean with regard to this -letter?" - -"Yes." - -"But what are you in doubt of? You must answer it of course--and -speedily." - -"Yes. But what shall I say? Dear Miss Woodhouse, do advise me." - -"Oh no, no! the letter had much better be all your own. You will express -yourself very properly, I am sure. There is no danger of your not -being intelligible, which is the first thing. Your meaning must be -unequivocal; no doubts or demurs: and such expressions of gratitude -and concern for the pain you are inflicting as propriety requires, will -present themselves unbidden to _your_ mind, I am persuaded. You need -not be prompted to write with the appearance of sorrow for his -disappointment." - -"You think I ought to refuse him then," said Harriet, looking down. - -"Ought to refuse him! My dear Harriet, what do you mean? Are you in any -doubt as to that? I thought--but I beg your pardon, perhaps I have been -under a mistake. I certainly have been misunderstanding you, if you feel -in doubt as to the _purport_ of your answer. I had imagined you were -consulting me only as to the wording of it." - -Harriet was silent. With a little reserve of manner, Emma continued: - -"You mean to return a favourable answer, I collect." - -"No, I do not; that is, I do not mean--What shall I do? What would you -advise me to do? Pray, dear Miss Woodhouse, tell me what I ought to do." - -"I shall not give you any advice, Harriet. I will have nothing to do -with it. This is a point which you must settle with your feelings." - -"I had no notion that he liked me so very much," said Harriet, -contemplating the letter. For a little while Emma persevered in her -silence; but beginning to apprehend the bewitching flattery of that -letter might be too powerful, she thought it best to say, - -"I lay it down as a general rule, Harriet, that if a woman _doubts_ as -to whether she should accept a man or not, she certainly ought to refuse -him. If she can hesitate as to 'Yes,' she ought to say 'No' directly. -It is not a state to be safely entered into with doubtful feelings, with -half a heart. I thought it my duty as a friend, and older than yourself, -to say thus much to you. But do not imagine that I want to influence -you." - -"Oh! no, I am sure you are a great deal too kind to--but if you would -just advise me what I had best do--No, no, I do not mean that--As -you say, one's mind ought to be quite made up--One should not be -hesitating--It is a very serious thing.--It will be safer to say 'No,' -perhaps.--Do you think I had better say 'No?'" - -"Not for the world," said Emma, smiling graciously, "would I advise you -either way. You must be the best judge of your own happiness. If you -prefer Mr. Martin to every other person; if you think him the most -agreeable man you have ever been in company with, why should you -hesitate? You blush, Harriet.--Does any body else occur to you at -this moment under such a definition? Harriet, Harriet, do not deceive -yourself; do not be run away with by gratitude and compassion. At this -moment whom are you thinking of?" - -The symptoms were favourable.--Instead of answering, Harriet turned away -confused, and stood thoughtfully by the fire; and though the letter was -still in her hand, it was now mechanically twisted about without regard. -Emma waited the result with impatience, but not without strong hopes. At -last, with some hesitation, Harriet said-- - -"Miss Woodhouse, as you will not give me your opinion, I must do as well -as I can by myself; and I have now quite determined, and really almost -made up my mind--to refuse Mr. Martin. Do you think I am right?" - -"Perfectly, perfectly right, my dearest Harriet; you are doing just -what you ought. While you were at all in suspense I kept my feelings to -myself, but now that you are so completely decided I have no hesitation -in approving. Dear Harriet, I give myself joy of this. It would -have grieved me to lose your acquaintance, which must have been the -consequence of your marrying Mr. Martin. While you were in the smallest -degree wavering, I said nothing about it, because I would not influence; -but it would have been the loss of a friend to me. I could not have -visited Mrs. Robert Martin, of Abbey-Mill Farm. Now I am secure of you -for ever." - -Harriet had not surmised her own danger, but the idea of it struck her -forcibly. - -"You could not have visited me!" she cried, looking aghast. "No, to be -sure you could not; but I never thought of that before. That would have -been too dreadful!--What an escape!--Dear Miss Woodhouse, I would not -give up the pleasure and honour of being intimate with you for any thing -in the world." - -"Indeed, Harriet, it would have been a severe pang to lose you; but it -must have been. You would have thrown yourself out of all good society. -I must have given you up." - -"Dear me!--How should I ever have borne it! It would have killed me -never to come to Hartfield any more!" - -"Dear affectionate creature!--_You_ banished to Abbey-Mill Farm!--_You_ -confined to the society of the illiterate and vulgar all your life! I -wonder how the young man could have the assurance to ask it. He must -have a pretty good opinion of himself." - -"I do not think he is conceited either, in general," said Harriet, her -conscience opposing such censure; "at least, he is very good natured, -and I shall always feel much obliged to him, and have a great regard -for--but that is quite a different thing from--and you know, though -he may like me, it does not follow that I should--and certainly I must -confess that since my visiting here I have seen people--and if one comes -to compare them, person and manners, there is no comparison at all, -_one_ is so very handsome and agreeable. However, I do really think Mr. -Martin a very amiable young man, and have a great opinion of him; and -his being so much attached to me--and his writing such a letter--but as -to leaving you, it is what I would not do upon any consideration." - -"Thank you, thank you, my own sweet little friend. We will not be -parted. A woman is not to marry a man merely because she is asked, or -because he is attached to her, and can write a tolerable letter." - -"Oh no;--and it is but a short letter too." - -Emma felt the bad taste of her friend, but let it pass with a "very -true; and it would be a small consolation to her, for the clownish -manner which might be offending her every hour of the day, to know that -her husband could write a good letter." - -"Oh! yes, very. Nobody cares for a letter; the thing is, to be always -happy with pleasant companions. I am quite determined to refuse him. But -how shall I do? What shall I say?" - -Emma assured her there would be no difficulty in the answer, and advised -its being written directly, which was agreed to, in the hope of her -assistance; and though Emma continued to protest against any assistance -being wanted, it was in fact given in the formation of every sentence. -The looking over his letter again, in replying to it, had such a -softening tendency, that it was particularly necessary to brace her up -with a few decisive expressions; and she was so very much concerned at -the idea of making him unhappy, and thought so much of what his mother -and sisters would think and say, and was so anxious that they should not -fancy her ungrateful, that Emma believed if the young man had come in -her way at that moment, he would have been accepted after all. - -This letter, however, was written, and sealed, and sent. The business -was finished, and Harriet safe. She was rather low all the evening, but -Emma could allow for her amiable regrets, and sometimes relieved them by -speaking of her own affection, sometimes by bringing forward the idea of -Mr. Elton. - -"I shall never be invited to Abbey-Mill again," was said in rather a -sorrowful tone. - -"Nor, if you were, could I ever bear to part with you, my Harriet. You -are a great deal too necessary at Hartfield to be spared to Abbey-Mill." - -"And I am sure I should never want to go there; for I am never happy but -at Hartfield." - -Some time afterwards it was, "I think Mrs. Goddard would be very much -surprized if she knew what had happened. I am sure Miss Nash would--for -Miss Nash thinks her own sister very well married, and it is only a -linen-draper." - -"One should be sorry to see greater pride or refinement in the teacher -of a school, Harriet. I dare say Miss Nash would envy you such an -opportunity as this of being married. Even this conquest would appear -valuable in her eyes. As to any thing superior for you, I suppose she -is quite in the dark. The attentions of a certain person can hardly be -among the tittle-tattle of Highbury yet. Hitherto I fancy you and I -are the only people to whom his looks and manners have explained -themselves." - -Harriet blushed and smiled, and said something about wondering that -people should like her so much. The idea of Mr. Elton was certainly -cheering; but still, after a time, she was tender-hearted again towards -the rejected Mr. Martin. - -"Now he has got my letter," said she softly. "I wonder what they are all -doing--whether his sisters know--if he is unhappy, they will be unhappy -too. I hope he will not mind it so very much." - -"Let us think of those among our absent friends who are more cheerfully -employed," cried Emma. "At this moment, perhaps, Mr. Elton is shewing -your picture to his mother and sisters, telling how much more beautiful -is the original, and after being asked for it five or six times, -allowing them to hear your name, your own dear name." - -"My picture!--But he has left my picture in Bond-street." - -"Has he so!--Then I know nothing of Mr. Elton. No, my dear little modest -Harriet, depend upon it the picture will not be in Bond-street till -just before he mounts his horse to-morrow. It is his companion all this -evening, his solace, his delight. It opens his designs to his family, -it introduces you among them, it diffuses through the party those -pleasantest feelings of our nature, eager curiosity and warm -prepossession. How cheerful, how animated, how suspicious, how busy -their imaginations all are!" - -Harriet smiled again, and her smiles grew stronger. - - - -CHAPTER VIII - - -Harriet slept at Hartfield that night. For some weeks past she had been -spending more than half her time there, and gradually getting to have -a bed-room appropriated to herself; and Emma judged it best in every -respect, safest and kindest, to keep her with them as much as possible -just at present. She was obliged to go the next morning for an hour or -two to Mrs. Goddard's, but it was then to be settled that she should -return to Hartfield, to make a regular visit of some days. - -While she was gone, Mr. Knightley called, and sat some time with Mr. -Woodhouse and Emma, till Mr. Woodhouse, who had previously made up his -mind to walk out, was persuaded by his daughter not to defer it, and was -induced by the entreaties of both, though against the scruples of his -own civility, to leave Mr. Knightley for that purpose. Mr. Knightley, -who had nothing of ceremony about him, was offering by his short, -decided answers, an amusing contrast to the protracted apologies and -civil hesitations of the other. - -"Well, I believe, if you will excuse me, Mr. Knightley, if you will not -consider me as doing a very rude thing, I shall take Emma's advice and -go out for a quarter of an hour. As the sun is out, I believe I had -better take my three turns while I can. I treat you without ceremony, -Mr. Knightley. We invalids think we are privileged people." - -"My dear sir, do not make a stranger of me." - -"I leave an excellent substitute in my daughter. Emma will be happy to -entertain you. And therefore I think I will beg your excuse and take my -three turns--my winter walk." - -"You cannot do better, sir." - -"I would ask for the pleasure of your company, Mr. Knightley, but I am a -very slow walker, and my pace would be tedious to you; and, besides, you -have another long walk before you, to Donwell Abbey." - -"Thank you, sir, thank you; I am going this moment myself; and I think -the sooner _you_ go the better. I will fetch your greatcoat and open the -garden door for you." - -Mr. Woodhouse at last was off; but Mr. Knightley, instead of being -immediately off likewise, sat down again, seemingly inclined for more -chat. He began speaking of Harriet, and speaking of her with more -voluntary praise than Emma had ever heard before. - -"I cannot rate her beauty as you do," said he; "but she is a -pretty little creature, and I am inclined to think very well of her -disposition. Her character depends upon those she is with; but in good -hands she will turn out a valuable woman." - -"I am glad you think so; and the good hands, I hope, may not be -wanting." - -"Come," said he, "you are anxious for a compliment, so I will tell you -that you have improved her. You have cured her of her school-girl's -giggle; she really does you credit." - -"Thank you. I should be mortified indeed if I did not believe I had been -of some use; but it is not every body who will bestow praise where they -may. _You_ do not often overpower me with it." - -"You are expecting her again, you say, this morning?" - -"Almost every moment. She has been gone longer already than she -intended." - -"Something has happened to delay her; some visitors perhaps." - -"Highbury gossips!--Tiresome wretches!" - -"Harriet may not consider every body tiresome that you would." - -Emma knew this was too true for contradiction, and therefore said -nothing. He presently added, with a smile, - -"I do not pretend to fix on times or places, but I must tell you that -I have good reason to believe your little friend will soon hear of -something to her advantage." - -"Indeed! how so? of what sort?" - -"A very serious sort, I assure you;" still smiling. - -"Very serious! I can think of but one thing--Who is in love with her? -Who makes you their confidant?" - -Emma was more than half in hopes of Mr. Elton's having dropt a hint. -Mr. Knightley was a sort of general friend and adviser, and she knew Mr. -Elton looked up to him. - -"I have reason to think," he replied, "that Harriet Smith will soon have -an offer of marriage, and from a most unexceptionable quarter:--Robert -Martin is the man. Her visit to Abbey-Mill, this summer, seems to have -done his business. He is desperately in love and means to marry her." - -"He is very obliging," said Emma; "but is he sure that Harriet means to -marry him?" - -"Well, well, means to make her an offer then. Will that do? He came to -the Abbey two evenings ago, on purpose to consult me about it. He knows -I have a thorough regard for him and all his family, and, I believe, -considers me as one of his best friends. He came to ask me whether -I thought it would be imprudent in him to settle so early; whether -I thought her too young: in short, whether I approved his choice -altogether; having some apprehension perhaps of her being considered -(especially since _your_ making so much of her) as in a line of society -above him. I was very much pleased with all that he said. I never hear -better sense from any one than Robert Martin. He always speaks to the -purpose; open, straightforward, and very well judging. He told me every -thing; his circumstances and plans, and what they all proposed doing in -the event of his marriage. He is an excellent young man, both as son and -brother. I had no hesitation in advising him to marry. He proved to me -that he could afford it; and that being the case, I was convinced he -could not do better. I praised the fair lady too, and altogether sent -him away very happy. If he had never esteemed my opinion before, he -would have thought highly of me then; and, I dare say, left the house -thinking me the best friend and counsellor man ever had. This happened -the night before last. Now, as we may fairly suppose, he would not allow -much time to pass before he spoke to the lady, and as he does not appear -to have spoken yesterday, it is not unlikely that he should be at Mrs. -Goddard's to-day; and she may be detained by a visitor, without thinking -him at all a tiresome wretch." - -"Pray, Mr. Knightley," said Emma, who had been smiling to herself -through a great part of this speech, "how do you know that Mr. Martin -did not speak yesterday?" - -"Certainly," replied he, surprized, "I do not absolutely know it; but it -may be inferred. Was not she the whole day with you?" - -"Come," said she, "I will tell you something, in return for what -you have told me. He did speak yesterday--that is, he wrote, and was -refused." - -This was obliged to be repeated before it could be believed; and Mr. -Knightley actually looked red with surprize and displeasure, as he stood -up, in tall indignation, and said, - -"Then she is a greater simpleton than I ever believed her. What is the -foolish girl about?" - -"Oh! to be sure," cried Emma, "it is always incomprehensible to a man -that a woman should ever refuse an offer of marriage. A man always -imagines a woman to be ready for any body who asks her." - -"Nonsense! a man does not imagine any such thing. But what is the -meaning of this? Harriet Smith refuse Robert Martin? madness, if it is -so; but I hope you are mistaken." - -"I saw her answer!--nothing could be clearer." - -"You saw her answer!--you wrote her answer too. Emma, this is your -doing. You persuaded her to refuse him." - -"And if I did, (which, however, I am far from allowing) I should not -feel that I had done wrong. Mr. Martin is a very respectable young man, -but I cannot admit him to be Harriet's equal; and am rather surprized -indeed that he should have ventured to address her. By your account, he -does seem to have had some scruples. It is a pity that they were ever -got over." - -"Not Harriet's equal!" exclaimed Mr. Knightley loudly and warmly; and -with calmer asperity, added, a few moments afterwards, "No, he is -not her equal indeed, for he is as much her superior in sense as in -situation. Emma, your infatuation about that girl blinds you. What are -Harriet Smith's claims, either of birth, nature or education, to any -connexion higher than Robert Martin? She is the natural daughter of -nobody knows whom, with probably no settled provision at all, and -certainly no respectable relations. She is known only as parlour-boarder -at a common school. She is not a sensible girl, nor a girl of any -information. She has been taught nothing useful, and is too young and -too simple to have acquired any thing herself. At her age she can have -no experience, and with her little wit, is not very likely ever to have -any that can avail her. She is pretty, and she is good tempered, and -that is all. My only scruple in advising the match was on his account, -as being beneath his deserts, and a bad connexion for him. I felt that, -as to fortune, in all probability he might do much better; and that as -to a rational companion or useful helpmate, he could not do worse. But I -could not reason so to a man in love, and was willing to trust to there -being no harm in her, to her having that sort of disposition, which, in -good hands, like his, might be easily led aright and turn out very well. -The advantage of the match I felt to be all on her side; and had not the -smallest doubt (nor have I now) that there would be a general cry-out -upon her extreme good luck. Even _your_ satisfaction I made sure of. -It crossed my mind immediately that you would not regret your friend's -leaving Highbury, for the sake of her being settled so well. I remember -saying to myself, 'Even Emma, with all her partiality for Harriet, will -think this a good match.'" - -"I cannot help wondering at your knowing so little of Emma as to say any -such thing. What! think a farmer, (and with all his sense and all his -merit Mr. Martin is nothing more,) a good match for my intimate friend! -Not regret her leaving Highbury for the sake of marrying a man whom -I could never admit as an acquaintance of my own! I wonder you should -think it possible for me to have such feelings. I assure you mine are -very different. I must think your statement by no means fair. You are -not just to Harriet's claims. They would be estimated very differently -by others as well as myself; Mr. Martin may be the richest of the two, -but he is undoubtedly her inferior as to rank in society.--The sphere in -which she moves is much above his.--It would be a degradation." - -"A degradation to illegitimacy and ignorance, to be married to a -respectable, intelligent gentleman-farmer!" - -"As to the circumstances of her birth, though in a legal sense she may -be called Nobody, it will not hold in common sense. She is not to pay -for the offence of others, by being held below the level of those with -whom she is brought up.--There can scarcely be a doubt that her father -is a gentleman--and a gentleman of fortune.--Her allowance is -very liberal; nothing has ever been grudged for her improvement or -comfort.--That she is a gentleman's daughter, is indubitable to me; that -she associates with gentlemen's daughters, no one, I apprehend, will -deny.--She is superior to Mr. Robert Martin." - -"Whoever might be her parents," said Mr. Knightley, "whoever may have -had the charge of her, it does not appear to have been any part of -their plan to introduce her into what you would call good society. After -receiving a very indifferent education she is left in Mrs. Goddard's -hands to shift as she can;--to move, in short, in Mrs. Goddard's line, -to have Mrs. Goddard's acquaintance. Her friends evidently thought -this good enough for her; and it _was_ good enough. She desired nothing -better herself. Till you chose to turn her into a friend, her mind had -no distaste for her own set, nor any ambition beyond it. She was as -happy as possible with the Martins in the summer. She had no sense of -superiority then. If she has it now, you have given it. You have been no -friend to Harriet Smith, Emma. Robert Martin would never have proceeded -so far, if he had not felt persuaded of her not being disinclined to -him. I know him well. He has too much real feeling to address any -woman on the haphazard of selfish passion. And as to conceit, he is -the farthest from it of any man I know. Depend upon it he had -encouragement." - -It was most convenient to Emma not to make a direct reply to this -assertion; she chose rather to take up her own line of the subject -again. - -"You are a very warm friend to Mr. Martin; but, as I said before, -are unjust to Harriet. Harriet's claims to marry well are not so -contemptible as you represent them. She is not a clever girl, but she -has better sense than you are aware of, and does not deserve to have her -understanding spoken of so slightingly. Waiving that point, however, and -supposing her to be, as you describe her, only pretty and good-natured, -let me tell you, that in the degree she possesses them, they are not -trivial recommendations to the world in general, for she is, in fact, a -beautiful girl, and must be thought so by ninety-nine people out of an -hundred; and till it appears that men are much more philosophic on the -subject of beauty than they are generally supposed; till they do fall -in love with well-informed minds instead of handsome faces, a girl, with -such loveliness as Harriet, has a certainty of being admired and sought -after, of having the power of chusing from among many, consequently a -claim to be nice. Her good-nature, too, is not so very slight a claim, -comprehending, as it does, real, thorough sweetness of temper and -manner, a very humble opinion of herself, and a great readiness to -be pleased with other people. I am very much mistaken if your sex in -general would not think such beauty, and such temper, the highest claims -a woman could possess." - -"Upon my word, Emma, to hear you abusing the reason you have, is almost -enough to make me think so too. Better be without sense, than misapply -it as you do." - -"To be sure!" cried she playfully. "I know _that_ is the feeling of -you all. I know that such a girl as Harriet is exactly what every -man delights in--what at once bewitches his senses and satisfies his -judgment. Oh! Harriet may pick and chuse. Were you, yourself, ever to -marry, she is the very woman for you. And is she, at seventeen, just -entering into life, just beginning to be known, to be wondered at -because she does not accept the first offer she receives? No--pray let -her have time to look about her." - -"I have always thought it a very foolish intimacy," said Mr. Knightley -presently, "though I have kept my thoughts to myself; but I now perceive -that it will be a very unfortunate one for Harriet. You will puff her up -with such ideas of her own beauty, and of what she has a claim to, that, -in a little while, nobody within her reach will be good enough for her. -Vanity working on a weak head, produces every sort of mischief. Nothing -so easy as for a young lady to raise her expectations too high. Miss -Harriet Smith may not find offers of marriage flow in so fast, though -she is a very pretty girl. Men of sense, whatever you may chuse to -say, do not want silly wives. Men of family would not be very fond of -connecting themselves with a girl of such obscurity--and most prudent -men would be afraid of the inconvenience and disgrace they might be -involved in, when the mystery of her parentage came to be revealed. Let -her marry Robert Martin, and she is safe, respectable, and happy for -ever; but if you encourage her to expect to marry greatly, and teach her -to be satisfied with nothing less than a man of consequence and large -fortune, she may be a parlour-boarder at Mrs. Goddard's all the rest -of her life--or, at least, (for Harriet Smith is a girl who will marry -somebody or other,) till she grow desperate, and is glad to catch at the -old writing-master's son." - -"We think so very differently on this point, Mr. Knightley, that there -can be no use in canvassing it. We shall only be making each other more -angry. But as to my _letting_ her marry Robert Martin, it is impossible; -she has refused him, and so decidedly, I think, as must prevent any -second application. She must abide by the evil of having refused him, -whatever it may be; and as to the refusal itself, I will not pretend to -say that I might not influence her a little; but I assure you there -was very little for me or for any body to do. His appearance is so much -against him, and his manner so bad, that if she ever were disposed to -favour him, she is not now. I can imagine, that before she had seen -any body superior, she might tolerate him. He was the brother of her -friends, and he took pains to please her; and altogether, having seen -nobody better (that must have been his great assistant) she might not, -while she was at Abbey-Mill, find him disagreeable. But the case -is altered now. She knows now what gentlemen are; and nothing but a -gentleman in education and manner has any chance with Harriet." - -"Nonsense, errant nonsense, as ever was talked!" cried Mr. -Knightley.--"Robert Martin's manners have sense, sincerity, and -good-humour to recommend them; and his mind has more true gentility than -Harriet Smith could understand." - -Emma made no answer, and tried to look cheerfully unconcerned, but was -really feeling uncomfortable and wanting him very much to be gone. She -did not repent what she had done; she still thought herself a better -judge of such a point of female right and refinement than he could be; -but yet she had a sort of habitual respect for his judgment in general, -which made her dislike having it so loudly against her; and to have him -sitting just opposite to her in angry state, was very disagreeable. -Some minutes passed in this unpleasant silence, with only one attempt -on Emma's side to talk of the weather, but he made no answer. He was -thinking. The result of his thoughts appeared at last in these words. - -"Robert Martin has no great loss--if he can but think so; and I hope it -will not be long before he does. Your views for Harriet are best known -to yourself; but as you make no secret of your love of match-making, it -is fair to suppose that views, and plans, and projects you have;--and as -a friend I shall just hint to you that if Elton is the man, I think it -will be all labour in vain." - -Emma laughed and disclaimed. He continued, - -"Depend upon it, Elton will not do. Elton is a very good sort of man, -and a very respectable vicar of Highbury, but not at all likely to make -an imprudent match. He knows the value of a good income as well as any -body. Elton may talk sentimentally, but he will act rationally. He is -as well acquainted with his own claims, as you can be with Harriet's. -He knows that he is a very handsome young man, and a great favourite -wherever he goes; and from his general way of talking in unreserved -moments, when there are only men present, I am convinced that he does -not mean to throw himself away. I have heard him speak with great -animation of a large family of young ladies that his sisters are -intimate with, who have all twenty thousand pounds apiece." - -"I am very much obliged to you," said Emma, laughing again. "If I had -set my heart on Mr. Elton's marrying Harriet, it would have been very -kind to open my eyes; but at present I only want to keep Harriet to -myself. I have done with match-making indeed. I could never hope to -equal my own doings at Randalls. I shall leave off while I am well." - -"Good morning to you,"--said he, rising and walking off abruptly. He was -very much vexed. He felt the disappointment of the young man, and was -mortified to have been the means of promoting it, by the sanction he had -given; and the part which he was persuaded Emma had taken in the affair, -was provoking him exceedingly. - -Emma remained in a state of vexation too; but there was more -indistinctness in the causes of her's, than in his. She did not always -feel so absolutely satisfied with herself, so entirely convinced that -her opinions were right and her adversary's wrong, as Mr. Knightley. He -walked off in more complete self-approbation than he left for her. She -was not so materially cast down, however, but that a little time and -the return of Harriet were very adequate restoratives. Harriet's staying -away so long was beginning to make her uneasy. The possibility of the -young man's coming to Mrs. Goddard's that morning, and meeting with -Harriet and pleading his own cause, gave alarming ideas. The dread -of such a failure after all became the prominent uneasiness; and when -Harriet appeared, and in very good spirits, and without having any -such reason to give for her long absence, she felt a satisfaction which -settled her with her own mind, and convinced her, that let Mr. -Knightley think or say what he would, she had done nothing which woman's -friendship and woman's feelings would not justify. - -He had frightened her a little about Mr. Elton; but when she considered -that Mr. Knightley could not have observed him as she had done, neither -with the interest, nor (she must be allowed to tell herself, in spite of -Mr. Knightley's pretensions) with the skill of such an observer on such -a question as herself, that he had spoken it hastily and in anger, she -was able to believe, that he had rather said what he wished resentfully -to be true, than what he knew any thing about. He certainly might have -heard Mr. Elton speak with more unreserve than she had ever done, and -Mr. Elton might not be of an imprudent, inconsiderate disposition as to -money matters; he might naturally be rather attentive than otherwise -to them; but then, Mr. Knightley did not make due allowance for the -influence of a strong passion at war with all interested motives. Mr. -Knightley saw no such passion, and of course thought nothing of its -effects; but she saw too much of it to feel a doubt of its overcoming -any hesitations that a reasonable prudence might originally suggest; and -more than a reasonable, becoming degree of prudence, she was very sure -did not belong to Mr. Elton. - -Harriet's cheerful look and manner established hers: she came back, not -to think of Mr. Martin, but to talk of Mr. Elton. Miss Nash had been -telling her something, which she repeated immediately with great -delight. Mr. Perry had been to Mrs. Goddard's to attend a sick child, -and Miss Nash had seen him, and he had told Miss Nash, that as he was -coming back yesterday from Clayton Park, he had met Mr. Elton, and -found to his great surprize, that Mr. Elton was actually on his road -to London, and not meaning to return till the morrow, though it was the -whist-club night, which he had been never known to miss before; and Mr. -Perry had remonstrated with him about it, and told him how shabby it -was in him, their best player, to absent himself, and tried very much to -persuade him to put off his journey only one day; but it would not -do; Mr. Elton had been determined to go on, and had said in a _very_ -_particular_ way indeed, that he was going on business which he would -not put off for any inducement in the world; and something about a -very enviable commission, and being the bearer of something exceedingly -precious. Mr. Perry could not quite understand him, but he was very sure -there must be a _lady_ in the case, and he told him so; and Mr. Elton -only looked very conscious and smiling, and rode off in great spirits. -Miss Nash had told her all this, and had talked a great deal more about -Mr. Elton; and said, looking so very significantly at her, "that she did -not pretend to understand what his business might be, but she only -knew that any woman whom Mr. Elton could prefer, she should think the -luckiest woman in the world; for, beyond a doubt, Mr. Elton had not his -equal for beauty or agreeableness." - - - -CHAPTER IX - - -Mr. Knightley might quarrel with her, but Emma could not quarrel with -herself. He was so much displeased, that it was longer than usual before -he came to Hartfield again; and when they did meet, his grave looks -shewed that she was not forgiven. She was sorry, but could not repent. -On the contrary, her plans and proceedings were more and more justified -and endeared to her by the general appearances of the next few days. - -The Picture, elegantly framed, came safely to hand soon after Mr. -Elton's return, and being hung over the mantelpiece of the common -sitting-room, he got up to look at it, and sighed out his half sentences -of admiration just as he ought; and as for Harriet's feelings, they were -visibly forming themselves into as strong and steady an attachment as -her youth and sort of mind admitted. Emma was soon perfectly satisfied -of Mr. Martin's being no otherwise remembered, than as he furnished a -contrast with Mr. Elton, of the utmost advantage to the latter. - -Her views of improving her little friend's mind, by a great deal of -useful reading and conversation, had never yet led to more than a few -first chapters, and the intention of going on to-morrow. It was much -easier to chat than to study; much pleasanter to let her imagination -range and work at Harriet's fortune, than to be labouring to enlarge -her comprehension or exercise it on sober facts; and the only literary -pursuit which engaged Harriet at present, the only mental provision she -was making for the evening of life, was the collecting and transcribing -all the riddles of every sort that she could meet with, into a thin -quarto of hot-pressed paper, made up by her friend, and ornamented with -ciphers and trophies. - -In this age of literature, such collections on a very grand scale are -not uncommon. Miss Nash, head-teacher at Mrs. Goddard's, had written out -at least three hundred; and Harriet, who had taken the first hint of it -from her, hoped, with Miss Woodhouse's help, to get a great many more. -Emma assisted with her invention, memory and taste; and as Harriet wrote -a very pretty hand, it was likely to be an arrangement of the first -order, in form as well as quantity. - -Mr. Woodhouse was almost as much interested in the business as the -girls, and tried very often to recollect something worth their putting -in. "So many clever riddles as there used to be when he was young--he -wondered he could not remember them! but he hoped he should in time." -And it always ended in "Kitty, a fair but frozen maid." - -His good friend Perry, too, whom he had spoken to on the subject, -did not at present recollect any thing of the riddle kind; but he -had desired Perry to be upon the watch, and as he went about so much, -something, he thought, might come from that quarter. - -It was by no means his daughter's wish that the intellects of Highbury -in general should be put under requisition. Mr. Elton was the only one -whose assistance she asked. He was invited to contribute any really good -enigmas, charades, or conundrums that he might recollect; and she had -the pleasure of seeing him most intently at work with his recollections; -and at the same time, as she could perceive, most earnestly careful that -nothing ungallant, nothing that did not breathe a compliment to the -sex should pass his lips. They owed to him their two or three politest -puzzles; and the joy and exultation with which at last he recalled, and -rather sentimentally recited, that well-known charade, - - My first doth affliction denote, - Which my second is destin'd to feel - And my whole is the best antidote - That affliction to soften and heal.-- - -made her quite sorry to acknowledge that they had transcribed it some -pages ago already. - -"Why will not you write one yourself for us, Mr. Elton?" said she; "that -is the only security for its freshness; and nothing could be easier to -you." - -"Oh no! he had never written, hardly ever, any thing of the kind in his -life. The stupidest fellow! He was afraid not even Miss Woodhouse"--he -stopt a moment--"or Miss Smith could inspire him." - -The very next day however produced some proof of inspiration. He -called for a few moments, just to leave a piece of paper on the table -containing, as he said, a charade, which a friend of his had addressed -to a young lady, the object of his admiration, but which, from his -manner, Emma was immediately convinced must be his own. - -"I do not offer it for Miss Smith's collection," said he. "Being my -friend's, I have no right to expose it in any degree to the public eye, -but perhaps you may not dislike looking at it." - -The speech was more to Emma than to Harriet, which Emma could -understand. There was deep consciousness about him, and he found -it easier to meet her eye than her friend's. He was gone the next -moment:--after another moment's pause, - -"Take it," said Emma, smiling, and pushing the paper towards -Harriet--"it is for you. Take your own." - -But Harriet was in a tremor, and could not touch it; and Emma, never -loth to be first, was obliged to examine it herself. - - To Miss-- - - CHARADE. - - My first displays the wealth and pomp of kings, - Lords of the earth! their luxury and ease. - Another view of man, my second brings, - Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! - - But ah! united, what reverse we have! - Man's boasted power and freedom, all are flown; - Lord of the earth and sea, he bends a slave, - And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. - - Thy ready wit the word will soon supply, - May its approval beam in that soft eye! - -She cast her eye over it, pondered, caught the meaning, read it through -again to be quite certain, and quite mistress of the lines, and then -passing it to Harriet, sat happily smiling, and saying to herself, while -Harriet was puzzling over the paper in all the confusion of hope and -dulness, "Very well, Mr. Elton, very well indeed. I have read worse -charades. _Courtship_--a very good hint. I give you credit for it. This -is feeling your way. This is saying very plainly--'Pray, Miss Smith, -give me leave to pay my addresses to you. Approve my charade and my -intentions in the same glance.' - - May its approval beam in that soft eye! - -Harriet exactly. Soft is the very word for her eye--of all epithets, the -justest that could be given. - - Thy ready wit the word will soon supply. - -Humph--Harriet's ready wit! All the better. A man must be very much in -love, indeed, to describe her so. Ah! Mr. Knightley, I wish you had the -benefit of this; I think this would convince you. For once in your life -you would be obliged to own yourself mistaken. An excellent charade -indeed! and very much to the purpose. Things must come to a crisis soon -now." - -She was obliged to break off from these very pleasant observations, -which were otherwise of a sort to run into great length, by the -eagerness of Harriet's wondering questions. - -"What can it be, Miss Woodhouse?--what can it be? I have not an idea--I -cannot guess it in the least. What can it possibly be? Do try to find -it out, Miss Woodhouse. Do help me. I never saw any thing so hard. Is it -kingdom? I wonder who the friend was--and who could be the young lady. -Do you think it is a good one? Can it be woman? - - And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. - -Can it be Neptune? - - Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! - -Or a trident? or a mermaid? or a shark? Oh, no! shark is only one -syllable. It must be very clever, or he would not have brought it. Oh! -Miss Woodhouse, do you think we shall ever find it out?" - -"Mermaids and sharks! Nonsense! My dear Harriet, what are you thinking -of? Where would be the use of his bringing us a charade made by a friend -upon a mermaid or a shark? Give me the paper and listen. - -For Miss ------, read Miss Smith. - - My first displays the wealth and pomp of kings, - Lords of the earth! their luxury and ease. - -That is _court_. - - Another view of man, my second brings; - Behold him there, the monarch of the seas! - -That is _ship_;--plain as it can be.--Now for the cream. - - But ah! united, (_courtship_, you know,) what reverse we have! - Man's boasted power and freedom, all are flown. - Lord of the earth and sea, he bends a slave, - And woman, lovely woman, reigns alone. - -A very proper compliment!--and then follows the application, which -I think, my dear Harriet, you cannot find much difficulty in -comprehending. Read it in comfort to yourself. There can be no doubt of -its being written for you and to you." - -Harriet could not long resist so delightful a persuasion. She read -the concluding lines, and was all flutter and happiness. She could not -speak. But she was not wanted to speak. It was enough for her to feel. -Emma spoke for her. - -"There is so pointed, and so particular a meaning in this compliment," -said she, "that I cannot have a doubt as to Mr. Elton's intentions. You -are his object--and you will soon receive the completest proof of it. I -thought it must be so. I thought I could not be so deceived; but now, it -is clear; the state of his mind is as clear and decided, as my wishes on -the subject have been ever since I knew you. Yes, Harriet, just so long -have I been wanting the very circumstance to happen what has happened. -I could never tell whether an attachment between you and Mr. Elton were -most desirable or most natural. Its probability and its eligibility have -really so equalled each other! I am very happy. I congratulate you, my -dear Harriet, with all my heart. This is an attachment which a woman may -well feel pride in creating. This is a connexion which offers nothing -but good. It will give you every thing that you want--consideration, -independence, a proper home--it will fix you in the centre of all your -real friends, close to Hartfield and to me, and confirm our intimacy -for ever. This, Harriet, is an alliance which can never raise a blush in -either of us." - -"Dear Miss Woodhouse!"--and "Dear Miss Woodhouse," was all that Harriet, -with many tender embraces could articulate at first; but when they did -arrive at something more like conversation, it was sufficiently clear to -her friend that she saw, felt, anticipated, and remembered just as she -ought. Mr. Elton's superiority had very ample acknowledgment. - -"Whatever you say is always right," cried Harriet, "and therefore I -suppose, and believe, and hope it must be so; but otherwise I could not -have imagined it. It is so much beyond any thing I deserve. Mr. Elton, -who might marry any body! There cannot be two opinions about _him_. He -is so very superior. Only think of those sweet verses--'To Miss ------.' -Dear me, how clever!--Could it really be meant for me?" - -"I cannot make a question, or listen to a question about that. It is a -certainty. Receive it on my judgment. It is a sort of prologue to -the play, a motto to the chapter; and will be soon followed by -matter-of-fact prose." - -"It is a sort of thing which nobody could have expected. I am sure, -a month ago, I had no more idea myself!--The strangest things do take -place!" - -"When Miss Smiths and Mr. Eltons get acquainted--they do indeed--and -really it is strange; it is out of the common course that what is so -evidently, so palpably desirable--what courts the pre-arrangement of -other people, should so immediately shape itself into the proper form. -You and Mr. Elton are by situation called together; you belong to one -another by every circumstance of your respective homes. Your marrying -will be equal to the match at Randalls. There does seem to be a -something in the air of Hartfield which gives love exactly the right -direction, and sends it into the very channel where it ought to flow. - - The course of true love never did run smooth-- - -A Hartfield edition of Shakespeare would have a long note on that -passage." - -"That Mr. Elton should really be in love with me,--me, of all people, -who did not know him, to speak to him, at Michaelmas! And he, the very -handsomest man that ever was, and a man that every body looks up to, -quite like Mr. Knightley! His company so sought after, that every body -says he need not eat a single meal by himself if he does not chuse it; -that he has more invitations than there are days in the week. And so -excellent in the Church! Miss Nash has put down all the texts he has -ever preached from since he came to Highbury. Dear me! When I look back -to the first time I saw him! How little did I think!--The two Abbots and -I ran into the front room and peeped through the blind when we heard he -was going by, and Miss Nash came and scolded us away, and staid to look -through herself; however, she called me back presently, and let me -look too, which was very good-natured. And how beautiful we thought he -looked! He was arm-in-arm with Mr. Cole." - -"This is an alliance which, whoever--whatever your friends may be, must -be agreeable to them, provided at least they have common sense; and we -are not to be addressing our conduct to fools. If they are anxious to -see you _happily_ married, here is a man whose amiable character gives -every assurance of it;--if they wish to have you settled in the same -country and circle which they have chosen to place you in, here it will -be accomplished; and if their only object is that you should, in the -common phrase, be _well_ married, here is the comfortable fortune, the -respectable establishment, the rise in the world which must satisfy -them." - -"Yes, very true. How nicely you talk; I love to hear you. You understand -every thing. You and Mr. Elton are one as clever as the other. This -charade!--If I had studied a twelvemonth, I could never have made any -thing like it." - -"I thought he meant to try his skill, by his manner of declining it -yesterday." - -"I do think it is, without exception, the best charade I ever read." - -"I never read one more to the purpose, certainly." - -"It is as long again as almost all we have had before." - -"I do not consider its length as particularly in its favour. Such things -in general cannot be too short." - -Harriet was too intent on the lines to hear. The most satisfactory -comparisons were rising in her mind. - -"It is one thing," said she, presently--her cheeks in a glow--"to have -very good sense in a common way, like every body else, and if there is -any thing to say, to sit down and write a letter, and say just what you -must, in a short way; and another, to write verses and charades like -this." - -Emma could not have desired a more spirited rejection of Mr. Martin's -prose. - -"Such sweet lines!" continued Harriet--"these two last!--But how shall I -ever be able to return the paper, or say I have found it out?--Oh! Miss -Woodhouse, what can we do about that?" - -"Leave it to me. You do nothing. He will be here this evening, I dare -say, and then I will give it him back, and some nonsense or other will -pass between us, and you shall not be committed.--Your soft eyes shall -chuse their own time for beaming. Trust to me." - -"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, what a pity that I must not write this beautiful -charade into my book! I am sure I have not got one half so good." - -"Leave out the two last lines, and there is no reason why you should not -write it into your book." - -"Oh! but those two lines are"-- - ---"The best of all. Granted;--for private enjoyment; and for private -enjoyment keep them. They are not at all the less written you know, -because you divide them. The couplet does not cease to be, nor does its -meaning change. But take it away, and all _appropriation_ ceases, and a -very pretty gallant charade remains, fit for any collection. Depend upon -it, he would not like to have his charade slighted, much better than his -passion. A poet in love must be encouraged in both capacities, or -neither. Give me the book, I will write it down, and then there can be -no possible reflection on you." - -Harriet submitted, though her mind could hardly separate the parts, -so as to feel quite sure that her friend were not writing down a -declaration of love. It seemed too precious an offering for any degree -of publicity. - -"I shall never let that book go out of my own hands," said she. - -"Very well," replied Emma; "a most natural feeling; and the longer it -lasts, the better I shall be pleased. But here is my father coming: you -will not object to my reading the charade to him. It will be giving him -so much pleasure! He loves any thing of the sort, and especially any -thing that pays woman a compliment. He has the tenderest spirit of -gallantry towards us all!--You must let me read it to him." - -Harriet looked grave. - -"My dear Harriet, you must not refine too much upon this charade.--You -will betray your feelings improperly, if you are too conscious and too -quick, and appear to affix more meaning, or even quite all the meaning -which may be affixed to it. Do not be overpowered by such a little -tribute of admiration. If he had been anxious for secrecy, he would not -have left the paper while I was by; but he rather pushed it towards me -than towards you. Do not let us be too solemn on the business. He has -encouragement enough to proceed, without our sighing out our souls over -this charade." - -"Oh! no--I hope I shall not be ridiculous about it. Do as you please." - -Mr. Woodhouse came in, and very soon led to the subject again, by the -recurrence of his very frequent inquiry of "Well, my dears, how does -your book go on?--Have you got any thing fresh?" - -"Yes, papa; we have something to read you, something quite fresh. A -piece of paper was found on the table this morning--(dropt, we suppose, -by a fairy)--containing a very pretty charade, and we have just copied -it in." - -She read it to him, just as he liked to have any thing read, slowly and -distinctly, and two or three times over, with explanations of every -part as she proceeded--and he was very much pleased, and, as she had -foreseen, especially struck with the complimentary conclusion. - -"Aye, that's very just, indeed, that's very properly said. Very true. -'Woman, lovely woman.' It is such a pretty charade, my dear, that I -can easily guess what fairy brought it.--Nobody could have written so -prettily, but you, Emma." - -Emma only nodded, and smiled.--After a little thinking, and a very -tender sigh, he added, - -"Ah! it is no difficulty to see who you take after! Your dear mother -was so clever at all those things! If I had but her memory! But I can -remember nothing;--not even that particular riddle which you have -heard me mention; I can only recollect the first stanza; and there are -several. - - Kitty, a fair but frozen maid, - Kindled a flame I yet deplore, - The hood-wink'd boy I called to aid, - Though of his near approach afraid, - So fatal to my suit before. - -And that is all that I can recollect of it--but it is very clever all -the way through. But I think, my dear, you said you had got it." - -"Yes, papa, it is written out in our second page. We copied it from the -Elegant Extracts. It was Garrick's, you know." - -"Aye, very true.--I wish I could recollect more of it. - - Kitty, a fair but frozen maid. - -The name makes me think of poor Isabella; for she was very near being -christened Catherine after her grandmama. I hope we shall have her here -next week. Have you thought, my dear, where you shall put her--and what -room there will be for the children?" - -"Oh! yes--she will have her own room, of course; the room she always -has;--and there is the nursery for the children,--just as usual, you -know. Why should there be any change?" - -"I do not know, my dear--but it is so long since she was here!--not -since last Easter, and then only for a few days.--Mr. John Knightley's -being a lawyer is very inconvenient.--Poor Isabella!--she is sadly taken -away from us all!--and how sorry she will be when she comes, not to see -Miss Taylor here!" - -"She will not be surprized, papa, at least." - -"I do not know, my dear. I am sure I was very much surprized when I -first heard she was going to be married." - -"We must ask Mr. and Mrs. Weston to dine with us, while Isabella is -here." - -"Yes, my dear, if there is time.--But--(in a very depressed tone)--she -is coming for only one week. There will not be time for any thing." - -"It is unfortunate that they cannot stay longer--but it seems a case of -necessity. Mr. John Knightley must be in town again on the 28th, and we -ought to be thankful, papa, that we are to have the whole of the time -they can give to the country, that two or three days are not to be taken -out for the Abbey. Mr. Knightley promises to give up his claim this -Christmas--though you know it is longer since they were with him, than -with us." - -"It would be very hard, indeed, my dear, if poor Isabella were to be -anywhere but at Hartfield." - -Mr. Woodhouse could never allow for Mr. Knightley's claims on his -brother, or any body's claims on Isabella, except his own. He sat musing -a little while, and then said, - -"But I do not see why poor Isabella should be obliged to go back so -soon, though he does. I think, Emma, I shall try and persuade her to -stay longer with us. She and the children might stay very well." - -"Ah! papa--that is what you never have been able to accomplish, and I -do not think you ever will. Isabella cannot bear to stay behind her -husband." - -This was too true for contradiction. Unwelcome as it was, Mr. Woodhouse -could only give a submissive sigh; and as Emma saw his spirits affected -by the idea of his daughter's attachment to her husband, she immediately -led to such a branch of the subject as must raise them. - -"Harriet must give us as much of her company as she can while my brother -and sister are here. I am sure she will be pleased with the children. -We are very proud of the children, are not we, papa? I wonder which she -will think the handsomest, Henry or John?" - -"Aye, I wonder which she will. Poor little dears, how glad they will be -to come. They are very fond of being at Hartfield, Harriet." - -"I dare say they are, sir. I am sure I do not know who is not." - -"Henry is a fine boy, but John is very like his mama. Henry is the -eldest, he was named after me, not after his father. John, the second, -is named after his father. Some people are surprized, I believe, that -the eldest was not, but Isabella would have him called Henry, which I -thought very pretty of her. And he is a very clever boy, indeed. They -are all remarkably clever; and they have so many pretty ways. They will -come and stand by my chair, and say, 'Grandpapa, can you give me a bit -of string?' and once Henry asked me for a knife, but I told him knives -were only made for grandpapas. I think their father is too rough with -them very often." - -"He appears rough to you," said Emma, "because you are so very gentle -yourself; but if you could compare him with other papas, you would not -think him rough. He wishes his boys to be active and hardy; and if -they misbehave, can give them a sharp word now and then; but he is an -affectionate father--certainly Mr. John Knightley is an affectionate -father. The children are all fond of him." - -"And then their uncle comes in, and tosses them up to the ceiling in a -very frightful way!" - -"But they like it, papa; there is nothing they like so much. It is such -enjoyment to them, that if their uncle did not lay down the rule of -their taking turns, whichever began would never give way to the other." - -"Well, I cannot understand it." - -"That is the case with us all, papa. One half of the world cannot -understand the pleasures of the other." - -Later in the morning, and just as the girls were going to separate -in preparation for the regular four o'clock dinner, the hero of this -inimitable charade walked in again. Harriet turned away; but Emma could -receive him with the usual smile, and her quick eye soon discerned in -his the consciousness of having made a push--of having thrown a die; -and she imagined he was come to see how it might turn up. His ostensible -reason, however, was to ask whether Mr. Woodhouse's party could be made -up in the evening without him, or whether he should be in the smallest -degree necessary at Hartfield. If he were, every thing else must give -way; but otherwise his friend Cole had been saying so much about his -dining with him--had made such a point of it, that he had promised him -conditionally to come. - -Emma thanked him, but could not allow of his disappointing his friend -on their account; her father was sure of his rubber. He re-urged--she -re-declined; and he seemed then about to make his bow, when taking the -paper from the table, she returned it-- - -"Oh! here is the charade you were so obliging as to leave with us; thank -you for the sight of it. We admired it so much, that I have ventured -to write it into Miss Smith's collection. Your friend will not take it -amiss I hope. Of course I have not transcribed beyond the first eight -lines." - -Mr. Elton certainly did not very well know what to say. He looked rather -doubtingly--rather confused; said something about "honour,"--glanced at -Emma and at Harriet, and then seeing the book open on the table, took -it up, and examined it very attentively. With the view of passing off an -awkward moment, Emma smilingly said, - -"You must make my apologies to your friend; but so good a charade -must not be confined to one or two. He may be sure of every woman's -approbation while he writes with such gallantry." - -"I have no hesitation in saying," replied Mr. Elton, though hesitating -a good deal while he spoke; "I have no hesitation in saying--at least -if my friend feels at all as _I_ do--I have not the smallest doubt that, -could he see his little effusion honoured as _I_ see it, (looking at the -book again, and replacing it on the table), he would consider it as the -proudest moment of his life." - -After this speech he was gone as soon as possible. Emma could not think -it too soon; for with all his good and agreeable qualities, there was -a sort of parade in his speeches which was very apt to incline her to -laugh. She ran away to indulge the inclination, leaving the tender and -the sublime of pleasure to Harriet's share. - - - -CHAPTER X - - -Though now the middle of December, there had yet been no weather to -prevent the young ladies from tolerably regular exercise; and on the -morrow, Emma had a charitable visit to pay to a poor sick family, who -lived a little way out of Highbury. - -Their road to this detached cottage was down Vicarage Lane, a lane -leading at right angles from the broad, though irregular, main street of -the place; and, as may be inferred, containing the blessed abode of Mr. -Elton. A few inferior dwellings were first to be passed, and then, about -a quarter of a mile down the lane rose the Vicarage, an old and not -very good house, almost as close to the road as it could be. It had -no advantage of situation; but had been very much smartened up by the -present proprietor; and, such as it was, there could be no possibility -of the two friends passing it without a slackened pace and observing -eyes.--Emma's remark was-- - -"There it is. There go you and your riddle-book one of these -days."--Harriet's was-- - -"Oh, what a sweet house!--How very beautiful!--There are the yellow -curtains that Miss Nash admires so much." - -"I do not often walk this way _now_," said Emma, as they proceeded, "but -_then_ there will be an inducement, and I shall gradually get intimately -acquainted with all the hedges, gates, pools and pollards of this part -of Highbury." - -Harriet, she found, had never in her life been within side the Vicarage, -and her curiosity to see it was so extreme, that, considering exteriors -and probabilities, Emma could only class it, as a proof of love, with -Mr. Elton's seeing ready wit in her. - -"I wish we could contrive it," said she; "but I cannot think of any -tolerable pretence for going in;--no servant that I want to inquire -about of his housekeeper--no message from my father." - -She pondered, but could think of nothing. After a mutual silence of some -minutes, Harriet thus began again-- - -"I do so wonder, Miss Woodhouse, that you should not be married, or -going to be married! so charming as you are!"-- - -Emma laughed, and replied, - -"My being charming, Harriet, is not quite enough to induce me to marry; -I must find other people charming--one other person at least. And I -am not only, not going to be married, at present, but have very little -intention of ever marrying at all." - -"Ah!--so you say; but I cannot believe it." - -"I must see somebody very superior to any one I have seen yet, to be -tempted; Mr. Elton, you know, (recollecting herself,) is out of the -question: and I do _not_ wish to see any such person. I would rather not -be tempted. I cannot really change for the better. If I were to marry, I -must expect to repent it." - -"Dear me!--it is so odd to hear a woman talk so!"-- - -"I have none of the usual inducements of women to marry. Were I to fall -in love, indeed, it would be a different thing! but I never have been in -love; it is not my way, or my nature; and I do not think I ever shall. -And, without love, I am sure I should be a fool to change such a -situation as mine. Fortune I do not want; employment I do not want; -consequence I do not want: I believe few married women are half as much -mistress of their husband's house as I am of Hartfield; and never, never -could I expect to be so truly beloved and important; so always first and -always right in any man's eyes as I am in my father's." - -"But then, to be an old maid at last, like Miss Bates!" - -"That is as formidable an image as you could present, Harriet; and if -I thought I should ever be like Miss Bates! so silly--so satisfied--so -smiling--so prosing--so undistinguishing and unfastidious--and so apt -to tell every thing relative to every body about me, I would marry -to-morrow. But between _us_, I am convinced there never can be any -likeness, except in being unmarried." - -"But still, you will be an old maid! and that's so dreadful!" - -"Never mind, Harriet, I shall not be a poor old maid; and it is poverty -only which makes celibacy contemptible to a generous public! A single -woman, with a very narrow income, must be a ridiculous, disagreeable old -maid! the proper sport of boys and girls, but a single woman, of good -fortune, is always respectable, and may be as sensible and pleasant -as any body else. And the distinction is not quite so much against the -candour and common sense of the world as appears at first; for a very -narrow income has a tendency to contract the mind, and sour the temper. -Those who can barely live, and who live perforce in a very small, and -generally very inferior, society, may well be illiberal and cross. This -does not apply, however, to Miss Bates; she is only too good natured and -too silly to suit me; but, in general, she is very much to the taste -of every body, though single and though poor. Poverty certainly has not -contracted her mind: I really believe, if she had only a shilling in the -world, she would be very likely to give away sixpence of it; and nobody -is afraid of her: that is a great charm." - -"Dear me! but what shall you do? how shall you employ yourself when you -grow old?" - -"If I know myself, Harriet, mine is an active, busy mind, with a great -many independent resources; and I do not perceive why I should be more -in want of employment at forty or fifty than one-and-twenty. Woman's -usual occupations of hand and mind will be as open to me then as they -are now; or with no important variation. If I draw less, I shall read -more; if I give up music, I shall take to carpet-work. And as for -objects of interest, objects for the affections, which is in truth the -great point of inferiority, the want of which is really the great evil -to be avoided in _not_ marrying, I shall be very well off, with all the -children of a sister I love so much, to care about. There will be enough -of them, in all probability, to supply every sort of sensation that -declining life can need. There will be enough for every hope and every -fear; and though my attachment to none can equal that of a parent, it -suits my ideas of comfort better than what is warmer and blinder. My -nephews and nieces!--I shall often have a niece with me." - -"Do you know Miss Bates's niece? That is, I know you must have seen her -a hundred times--but are you acquainted?" - -"Oh! yes; we are always forced to be acquainted whenever she comes to -Highbury. By the bye, _that_ is almost enough to put one out of conceit -with a niece. Heaven forbid! at least, that I should ever bore people -half so much about all the Knightleys together, as she does about Jane -Fairfax. One is sick of the very name of Jane Fairfax. Every letter from -her is read forty times over; her compliments to all friends go round -and round again; and if she does but send her aunt the pattern of a -stomacher, or knit a pair of garters for her grandmother, one hears of -nothing else for a month. I wish Jane Fairfax very well; but she tires -me to death." - -They were now approaching the cottage, and all idle topics were -superseded. Emma was very compassionate; and the distresses of the poor -were as sure of relief from her personal attention and kindness, her -counsel and her patience, as from her purse. She understood their ways, -could allow for their ignorance and their temptations, had no romantic -expectations of extraordinary virtue from those for whom education had -done so little; entered into their troubles with ready sympathy, and -always gave her assistance with as much intelligence as good-will. In -the present instance, it was sickness and poverty together which she -came to visit; and after remaining there as long as she could give -comfort or advice, she quitted the cottage with such an impression of -the scene as made her say to Harriet, as they walked away, - -"These are the sights, Harriet, to do one good. How trifling they make -every thing else appear!--I feel now as if I could think of nothing but -these poor creatures all the rest of the day; and yet, who can say how -soon it may all vanish from my mind?" - -"Very true," said Harriet. "Poor creatures! one can think of nothing -else." - -"And really, I do not think the impression will soon be over," said -Emma, as she crossed the low hedge, and tottering footstep which ended -the narrow, slippery path through the cottage garden, and brought them -into the lane again. "I do not think it will," stopping to look once -more at all the outward wretchedness of the place, and recall the still -greater within. - -"Oh! dear, no," said her companion. - -They walked on. The lane made a slight bend; and when that bend was -passed, Mr. Elton was immediately in sight; and so near as to give Emma -time only to say farther, - -"Ah! Harriet, here comes a very sudden trial of our stability in good -thoughts. Well, (smiling,) I hope it may be allowed that if compassion -has produced exertion and relief to the sufferers, it has done all that -is truly important. If we feel for the wretched, enough to do all we can -for them, the rest is empty sympathy, only distressing to ourselves." - -Harriet could just answer, "Oh! dear, yes," before the gentleman joined -them. The wants and sufferings of the poor family, however, were the -first subject on meeting. He had been going to call on them. His visit -he would now defer; but they had a very interesting parley about -what could be done and should be done. Mr. Elton then turned back to -accompany them. - -"To fall in with each other on such an errand as this," thought Emma; -"to meet in a charitable scheme; this will bring a great increase -of love on each side. I should not wonder if it were to bring on the -declaration. It must, if I were not here. I wish I were anywhere else." - -Anxious to separate herself from them as far as she could, she soon -afterwards took possession of a narrow footpath, a little raised on one -side of the lane, leaving them together in the main road. But she had -not been there two minutes when she found that Harriet's habits of -dependence and imitation were bringing her up too, and that, in short, -they would both be soon after her. This would not do; she immediately -stopped, under pretence of having some alteration to make in the lacing -of her half-boot, and stooping down in complete occupation of the -footpath, begged them to have the goodness to walk on, and she would -follow in half a minute. They did as they were desired; and by the time -she judged it reasonable to have done with her boot, she had the comfort -of farther delay in her power, being overtaken by a child from the -cottage, setting out, according to orders, with her pitcher, to fetch -broth from Hartfield. To walk by the side of this child, and talk to -and question her, was the most natural thing in the world, or would have -been the most natural, had she been acting just then without design; -and by this means the others were still able to keep ahead, without -any obligation of waiting for her. She gained on them, however, -involuntarily: the child's pace was quick, and theirs rather slow; -and she was the more concerned at it, from their being evidently in -a conversation which interested them. Mr. Elton was speaking with -animation, Harriet listening with a very pleased attention; and Emma, -having sent the child on, was beginning to think how she might draw back -a little more, when they both looked around, and she was obliged to join -them. - -Mr. Elton was still talking, still engaged in some interesting detail; -and Emma experienced some disappointment when she found that he was only -giving his fair companion an account of the yesterday's party at his -friend Cole's, and that she was come in herself for the Stilton cheese, -the north Wiltshire, the butter, the celery, the beet-root, and all the -dessert. - -"This would soon have led to something better, of course," was her -consoling reflection; "any thing interests between those who love; and -any thing will serve as introduction to what is near the heart. If I -could but have kept longer away!" - -They now walked on together quietly, till within view of the vicarage -pales, when a sudden resolution, of at least getting Harriet into the -house, made her again find something very much amiss about her boot, and -fall behind to arrange it once more. She then broke the lace off short, -and dexterously throwing it into a ditch, was presently obliged to -entreat them to stop, and acknowledged her inability to put herself to -rights so as to be able to walk home in tolerable comfort. - -"Part of my lace is gone," said she, "and I do not know how I am to -contrive. I really am a most troublesome companion to you both, but I -hope I am not often so ill-equipped. Mr. Elton, I must beg leave to stop -at your house, and ask your housekeeper for a bit of ribband or string, -or any thing just to keep my boot on." - -Mr. Elton looked all happiness at this proposition; and nothing could -exceed his alertness and attention in conducting them into his house and -endeavouring to make every thing appear to advantage. The room they were -taken into was the one he chiefly occupied, and looking forwards; behind -it was another with which it immediately communicated; the door between -them was open, and Emma passed into it with the housekeeper to receive -her assistance in the most comfortable manner. She was obliged to leave -the door ajar as she found it; but she fully intended that Mr. Elton -should close it. It was not closed, however, it still remained ajar; but -by engaging the housekeeper in incessant conversation, she hoped to make -it practicable for him to chuse his own subject in the adjoining -room. For ten minutes she could hear nothing but herself. It could be -protracted no longer. She was then obliged to be finished, and make her -appearance. - -The lovers were standing together at one of the windows. It had a most -favourable aspect; and, for half a minute, Emma felt the glory of having -schemed successfully. But it would not do; he had not come to the point. -He had been most agreeable, most delightful; he had told Harriet that -he had seen them go by, and had purposely followed them; other little -gallantries and allusions had been dropt, but nothing serious. - -"Cautious, very cautious," thought Emma; "he advances inch by inch, and -will hazard nothing till he believes himself secure." - -Still, however, though every thing had not been accomplished by her -ingenious device, she could not but flatter herself that it had been -the occasion of much present enjoyment to both, and must be leading them -forward to the great event. - - - -CHAPTER XI - - -Mr. Elton must now be left to himself. It was no longer in Emma's power -to superintend his happiness or quicken his measures. The coming of her -sister's family was so very near at hand, that first in anticipation, -and then in reality, it became henceforth her prime object of interest; -and during the ten days of their stay at Hartfield it was not to be -expected--she did not herself expect--that any thing beyond occasional, -fortuitous assistance could be afforded by her to the lovers. They might -advance rapidly if they would, however; they must advance somehow or -other whether they would or no. She hardly wished to have more leisure -for them. There are people, who the more you do for them, the less they -will do for themselves. - -Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley, from having been longer than usual absent -from Surry, were exciting of course rather more than the usual interest. -Till this year, every long vacation since their marriage had been -divided between Hartfield and Donwell Abbey; but all the holidays of -this autumn had been given to sea-bathing for the children, and it was -therefore many months since they had been seen in a regular way by their -Surry connexions, or seen at all by Mr. Woodhouse, who could not be -induced to get so far as London, even for poor Isabella's sake; and -who consequently was now most nervously and apprehensively happy in -forestalling this too short visit. - -He thought much of the evils of the journey for her, and not a little -of the fatigues of his own horses and coachman who were to bring some -of the party the last half of the way; but his alarms were needless; -the sixteen miles being happily accomplished, and Mr. and Mrs. John -Knightley, their five children, and a competent number of nursery-maids, -all reaching Hartfield in safety. The bustle and joy of such an arrival, -the many to be talked to, welcomed, encouraged, and variously dispersed -and disposed of, produced a noise and confusion which his nerves could -not have borne under any other cause, nor have endured much longer even -for this; but the ways of Hartfield and the feelings of her father -were so respected by Mrs. John Knightley, that in spite of maternal -solicitude for the immediate enjoyment of her little ones, and for their -having instantly all the liberty and attendance, all the eating and -drinking, and sleeping and playing, which they could possibly wish for, -without the smallest delay, the children were never allowed to be long -a disturbance to him, either in themselves or in any restless attendance -on them. - -Mrs. John Knightley was a pretty, elegant little woman, of gentle, quiet -manners, and a disposition remarkably amiable and affectionate; wrapt -up in her family; a devoted wife, a doating mother, and so tenderly -attached to her father and sister that, but for these higher ties, a -warmer love might have seemed impossible. She could never see a fault -in any of them. She was not a woman of strong understanding or any -quickness; and with this resemblance of her father, she inherited also -much of his constitution; was delicate in her own health, over-careful -of that of her children, had many fears and many nerves, and was as fond -of her own Mr. Wingfield in town as her father could be of Mr. Perry. -They were alike too, in a general benevolence of temper, and a strong -habit of regard for every old acquaintance. - -Mr. John Knightley was a tall, gentleman-like, and very clever man; -rising in his profession, domestic, and respectable in his private -character; but with reserved manners which prevented his being generally -pleasing; and capable of being sometimes out of humour. He was not an -ill-tempered man, not so often unreasonably cross as to deserve such a -reproach; but his temper was not his great perfection; and, indeed, with -such a worshipping wife, it was hardly possible that any natural defects -in it should not be increased. The extreme sweetness of her temper -must hurt his. He had all the clearness and quickness of mind which she -wanted, and he could sometimes act an ungracious, or say a severe thing. - -He was not a great favourite with his fair sister-in-law. Nothing wrong -in him escaped her. She was quick in feeling the little injuries to -Isabella, which Isabella never felt herself. Perhaps she might have -passed over more had his manners been flattering to Isabella's sister, -but they were only those of a calmly kind brother and friend, without -praise and without blindness; but hardly any degree of personal -compliment could have made her regardless of that greatest fault of -all in her eyes which he sometimes fell into, the want of respectful -forbearance towards her father. There he had not always the patience -that could have been wished. Mr. Woodhouse's peculiarities and -fidgetiness were sometimes provoking him to a rational remonstrance or -sharp retort equally ill-bestowed. It did not often happen; for Mr. John -Knightley had really a great regard for his father-in-law, and generally -a strong sense of what was due to him; but it was too often for Emma's -charity, especially as there was all the pain of apprehension frequently -to be endured, though the offence came not. The beginning, however, of -every visit displayed none but the properest feelings, and this being of -necessity so short might be hoped to pass away in unsullied cordiality. -They had not been long seated and composed when Mr. Woodhouse, with a -melancholy shake of the head and a sigh, called his daughter's attention -to the sad change at Hartfield since she had been there last. - -"Ah, my dear," said he, "poor Miss Taylor--It is a grievous business." - -"Oh yes, sir," cried she with ready sympathy, "how you must miss her! -And dear Emma, too!--What a dreadful loss to you both!--I have been so -grieved for you.--I could not imagine how you could possibly do without -her.--It is a sad change indeed.--But I hope she is pretty well, sir." - -"Pretty well, my dear--I hope--pretty well.--I do not know but that the -place agrees with her tolerably." - -Mr. John Knightley here asked Emma quietly whether there were any doubts -of the air of Randalls. - -"Oh! no--none in the least. I never saw Mrs. Weston better in my -life--never looking so well. Papa is only speaking his own regret." - -"Very much to the honour of both," was the handsome reply. - -"And do you see her, sir, tolerably often?" asked Isabella in the -plaintive tone which just suited her father. - -Mr. Woodhouse hesitated.--"Not near so often, my dear, as I could wish." - -"Oh! papa, we have missed seeing them but one entire day since they -married. Either in the morning or evening of every day, excepting one, -have we seen either Mr. Weston or Mrs. Weston, and generally both, -either at Randalls or here--and as you may suppose, Isabella, most -frequently here. They are very, very kind in their visits. Mr. Weston -is really as kind as herself. Papa, if you speak in that melancholy way, -you will be giving Isabella a false idea of us all. Every body must be -aware that Miss Taylor must be missed, but every body ought also to be -assured that Mr. and Mrs. Weston do really prevent our missing her by -any means to the extent we ourselves anticipated--which is the exact -truth." - -"Just as it should be," said Mr. John Knightley, "and just as I hoped -it was from your letters. Her wish of shewing you attention could not be -doubted, and his being a disengaged and social man makes it all easy. I -have been always telling you, my love, that I had no idea of the change -being so very material to Hartfield as you apprehended; and now you have -Emma's account, I hope you will be satisfied." - -"Why, to be sure," said Mr. Woodhouse--"yes, certainly--I cannot -deny that Mrs. Weston, poor Mrs. Weston, does come and see us pretty -often--but then--she is always obliged to go away again." - -"It would be very hard upon Mr. Weston if she did not, papa.--You quite -forget poor Mr. Weston." - -"I think, indeed," said John Knightley pleasantly, "that Mr. Weston has -some little claim. You and I, Emma, will venture to take the part of the -poor husband. I, being a husband, and you not being a wife, the claims -of the man may very likely strike us with equal force. As for Isabella, -she has been married long enough to see the convenience of putting all -the Mr. Westons aside as much as she can." - -"Me, my love," cried his wife, hearing and understanding only in part.-- -"Are you talking about me?--I am sure nobody ought to be, or can be, a -greater advocate for matrimony than I am; and if it had not been for -the misery of her leaving Hartfield, I should never have thought of Miss -Taylor but as the most fortunate woman in the world; and as to slighting -Mr. Weston, that excellent Mr. Weston, I think there is nothing he does -not deserve. I believe he is one of the very best-tempered men that ever -existed. Excepting yourself and your brother, I do not know his equal -for temper. I shall never forget his flying Henry's kite for him that -very windy day last Easter--and ever since his particular kindness last -September twelvemonth in writing that note, at twelve o'clock at night, -on purpose to assure me that there was no scarlet fever at Cobham, I -have been convinced there could not be a more feeling heart nor a better -man in existence.--If any body can deserve him, it must be Miss Taylor." - -"Where is the young man?" said John Knightley. "Has he been here on this -occasion--or has he not?" - -"He has not been here yet," replied Emma. "There was a strong -expectation of his coming soon after the marriage, but it ended in -nothing; and I have not heard him mentioned lately." - -"But you should tell them of the letter, my dear," said her father. -"He wrote a letter to poor Mrs. Weston, to congratulate her, and a very -proper, handsome letter it was. She shewed it to me. I thought it very -well done of him indeed. Whether it was his own idea you know, one -cannot tell. He is but young, and his uncle, perhaps--" - -"My dear papa, he is three-and-twenty. You forget how time passes." - -"Three-and-twenty!--is he indeed?--Well, I could not have thought -it--and he was but two years old when he lost his poor mother! Well, -time does fly indeed!--and my memory is very bad. However, it was an -exceeding good, pretty letter, and gave Mr. and Mrs. Weston a great deal -of pleasure. I remember it was written from Weymouth, and dated Sept. -28th--and began, 'My dear Madam,' but I forget how it went on; and it -was signed 'F. C. Weston Churchill.'--I remember that perfectly." - -"How very pleasing and proper of him!" cried the good-hearted Mrs. John -Knightley. "I have no doubt of his being a most amiable young man. But -how sad it is that he should not live at home with his father! There is -something so shocking in a child's being taken away from his parents and -natural home! I never could comprehend how Mr. Weston could part with -him. To give up one's child! I really never could think well of any body -who proposed such a thing to any body else." - -"Nobody ever did think well of the Churchills, I fancy," observed Mr. -John Knightley coolly. "But you need not imagine Mr. Weston to have felt -what you would feel in giving up Henry or John. Mr. Weston is rather -an easy, cheerful-tempered man, than a man of strong feelings; he takes -things as he finds them, and makes enjoyment of them somehow or other, -depending, I suspect, much more upon what is called society for his -comforts, that is, upon the power of eating and drinking, and playing -whist with his neighbours five times a week, than upon family affection, -or any thing that home affords." - -Emma could not like what bordered on a reflection on Mr. Weston, and had -half a mind to take it up; but she struggled, and let it pass. She -would keep the peace if possible; and there was something honourable and -valuable in the strong domestic habits, the all-sufficiency of home to -himself, whence resulted her brother's disposition to look down on -the common rate of social intercourse, and those to whom it was -important.--It had a high claim to forbearance. - - - -CHAPTER XII - - -Mr. Knightley was to dine with them--rather against the inclination of -Mr. Woodhouse, who did not like that any one should share with him in -Isabella's first day. Emma's sense of right however had decided it; -and besides the consideration of what was due to each brother, she had -particular pleasure, from the circumstance of the late disagreement -between Mr. Knightley and herself, in procuring him the proper -invitation. - -She hoped they might now become friends again. She thought it was time -to make up. Making-up indeed would not do. _She_ certainly had not been -in the wrong, and _he_ would never own that he had. Concession must be -out of the question; but it was time to appear to forget that they had -ever quarrelled; and she hoped it might rather assist the restoration of -friendship, that when he came into the room she had one of the children -with her--the youngest, a nice little girl about eight months old, who -was now making her first visit to Hartfield, and very happy to be danced -about in her aunt's arms. It did assist; for though he began with grave -looks and short questions, he was soon led on to talk of them all in -the usual way, and to take the child out of her arms with all the -unceremoniousness of perfect amity. Emma felt they were friends again; -and the conviction giving her at first great satisfaction, and then -a little sauciness, she could not help saying, as he was admiring the -baby, - -"What a comfort it is, that we think alike about our nephews and nieces. -As to men and women, our opinions are sometimes very different; but with -regard to these children, I observe we never disagree." - -"If you were as much guided by nature in your estimate of men and women, -and as little under the power of fancy and whim in your dealings with -them, as you are where these children are concerned, we might always -think alike." - -"To be sure--our discordancies must always arise from my being in the -wrong." - -"Yes," said he, smiling--"and reason good. I was sixteen years old when -you were born." - -"A material difference then," she replied--"and no doubt you were much -my superior in judgment at that period of our lives; but does not the -lapse of one-and-twenty years bring our understandings a good deal -nearer?" - -"Yes--a good deal _nearer_." - -"But still, not near enough to give me a chance of being right, if we -think differently." - -"I have still the advantage of you by sixteen years' experience, and by -not being a pretty young woman and a spoiled child. Come, my dear Emma, -let us be friends, and say no more about it. Tell your aunt, little -Emma, that she ought to set you a better example than to be renewing old -grievances, and that if she were not wrong before, she is now." - -"That's true," she cried--"very true. Little Emma, grow up a better -woman than your aunt. Be infinitely cleverer and not half so conceited. -Now, Mr. Knightley, a word or two more, and I have done. As far as good -intentions went, we were _both_ right, and I must say that no effects on -my side of the argument have yet proved wrong. I only want to know that -Mr. Martin is not very, very bitterly disappointed." - -"A man cannot be more so," was his short, full answer. - -"Ah!--Indeed I am very sorry.--Come, shake hands with me." - -This had just taken place and with great cordiality, when John Knightley -made his appearance, and "How d'ye do, George?" and "John, how are -you?" succeeded in the true English style, burying under a calmness that -seemed all but indifference, the real attachment which would have led -either of them, if requisite, to do every thing for the good of the -other. - -The evening was quiet and conversable, as Mr. Woodhouse declined cards -entirely for the sake of comfortable talk with his dear Isabella, and -the little party made two natural divisions; on one side he and his -daughter; on the other the two Mr. Knightleys; their subjects totally -distinct, or very rarely mixing--and Emma only occasionally joining in -one or the other. - -The brothers talked of their own concerns and pursuits, but principally -of those of the elder, whose temper was by much the most communicative, -and who was always the greater talker. As a magistrate, he had generally -some point of law to consult John about, or, at least, some curious -anecdote to give; and as a farmer, as keeping in hand the home-farm at -Donwell, he had to tell what every field was to bear next year, and to -give all such local information as could not fail of being interesting -to a brother whose home it had equally been the longest part of his -life, and whose attachments were strong. The plan of a drain, the change -of a fence, the felling of a tree, and the destination of every acre for -wheat, turnips, or spring corn, was entered into with as much equality -of interest by John, as his cooler manners rendered possible; and if his -willing brother ever left him any thing to inquire about, his inquiries -even approached a tone of eagerness. - -While they were thus comfortably occupied, Mr. Woodhouse was enjoying a -full flow of happy regrets and fearful affection with his daughter. - -"My poor dear Isabella," said he, fondly taking her hand, and -interrupting, for a few moments, her busy labours for some one of her -five children--"How long it is, how terribly long since you were here! -And how tired you must be after your journey! You must go to bed early, -my dear--and I recommend a little gruel to you before you go.--You and -I will have a nice basin of gruel together. My dear Emma, suppose we all -have a little gruel." - -Emma could not suppose any such thing, knowing as she did, that both the -Mr. Knightleys were as unpersuadable on that article as herself;--and -two basins only were ordered. After a little more discourse in praise of -gruel, with some wondering at its not being taken every evening by every -body, he proceeded to say, with an air of grave reflection, - -"It was an awkward business, my dear, your spending the autumn at South -End instead of coming here. I never had much opinion of the sea air." - -"Mr. Wingfield most strenuously recommended it, sir--or we should not -have gone. He recommended it for all the children, but particularly for -the weakness in little Bella's throat,--both sea air and bathing." - -"Ah! my dear, but Perry had many doubts about the sea doing her any -good; and as to myself, I have been long perfectly convinced, though -perhaps I never told you so before, that the sea is very rarely of use -to any body. I am sure it almost killed me once." - -"Come, come," cried Emma, feeling this to be an unsafe subject, "I must -beg you not to talk of the sea. It makes me envious and miserable;--I -who have never seen it! South End is prohibited, if you please. My dear -Isabella, I have not heard you make one inquiry about Mr. Perry yet; and -he never forgets you." - -"Oh! good Mr. Perry--how is he, sir?" - -"Why, pretty well; but not quite well. Poor Perry is bilious, and he has -not time to take care of himself--he tells me he has not time to take -care of himself--which is very sad--but he is always wanted all round -the country. I suppose there is not a man in such practice anywhere. But -then there is not so clever a man any where." - -"And Mrs. Perry and the children, how are they? do the children grow? -I have a great regard for Mr. Perry. I hope he will be calling soon. He -will be so pleased to see my little ones." - -"I hope he will be here to-morrow, for I have a question or two to ask -him about myself of some consequence. And, my dear, whenever he comes, -you had better let him look at little Bella's throat." - -"Oh! my dear sir, her throat is so much better that I have hardly any -uneasiness about it. Either bathing has been of the greatest service to -her, or else it is to be attributed to an excellent embrocation of Mr. -Wingfield's, which we have been applying at times ever since August." - -"It is not very likely, my dear, that bathing should have been of use -to her--and if I had known you were wanting an embrocation, I would have -spoken to-- - -"You seem to me to have forgotten Mrs. and Miss Bates," said Emma, "I -have not heard one inquiry after them." - -"Oh! the good Bateses--I am quite ashamed of myself--but you mention -them in most of your letters. I hope they are quite well. Good old Mrs. -Bates--I will call upon her to-morrow, and take my children.--They -are always so pleased to see my children.--And that excellent Miss -Bates!--such thorough worthy people!--How are they, sir?" - -"Why, pretty well, my dear, upon the whole. But poor Mrs. Bates had a -bad cold about a month ago." - -"How sorry I am! But colds were never so prevalent as they have been -this autumn. Mr. Wingfield told me that he has never known them more -general or heavy--except when it has been quite an influenza." - -"That has been a good deal the case, my dear; but not to the degree you -mention. Perry says that colds have been very general, but not so heavy -as he has very often known them in November. Perry does not call it -altogether a sickly season." - -"No, I do not know that Mr. Wingfield considers it _very_ sickly -except-- - -"Ah! my poor dear child, the truth is, that in London it is always -a sickly season. Nobody is healthy in London, nobody can be. It is a -dreadful thing to have you forced to live there! so far off!--and the -air so bad!" - -"No, indeed--_we_ are not at all in a bad air. Our part of London is -very superior to most others!--You must not confound us with London -in general, my dear sir. The neighbourhood of Brunswick Square is very -different from almost all the rest. We are so very airy! I should be -unwilling, I own, to live in any other part of the town;--there is -hardly any other that I could be satisfied to have my children in: -but _we_ are so remarkably airy!--Mr. Wingfield thinks the vicinity of -Brunswick Square decidedly the most favourable as to air." - -"Ah! my dear, it is not like Hartfield. You make the best of it--but -after you have been a week at Hartfield, you are all of you different -creatures; you do not look like the same. Now I cannot say, that I think -you are any of you looking well at present." - -"I am sorry to hear you say so, sir; but I assure you, excepting those -little nervous head-aches and palpitations which I am never entirely -free from anywhere, I am quite well myself; and if the children were -rather pale before they went to bed, it was only because they were a -little more tired than usual, from their journey and the happiness of -coming. I hope you will think better of their looks to-morrow; for I -assure you Mr. Wingfield told me, that he did not believe he had ever -sent us off altogether, in such good case. I trust, at least, that -you do not think Mr. Knightley looking ill," turning her eyes with -affectionate anxiety towards her husband. - -"Middling, my dear; I cannot compliment you. I think Mr. John Knightley -very far from looking well." - -"What is the matter, sir?--Did you speak to me?" cried Mr. John -Knightley, hearing his own name. - -"I am sorry to find, my love, that my father does not think you looking -well--but I hope it is only from being a little fatigued. I could have -wished, however, as you know, that you had seen Mr. Wingfield before you -left home." - -"My dear Isabella,"--exclaimed he hastily--"pray do not concern yourself -about my looks. Be satisfied with doctoring and coddling yourself and -the children, and let me look as I chuse." - -"I did not thoroughly understand what you were telling your brother," -cried Emma, "about your friend Mr. Graham's intending to have a bailiff -from Scotland, to look after his new estate. What will it answer? Will -not the old prejudice be too strong?" - -And she talked in this way so long and successfully that, when forced to -give her attention again to her father and sister, she had nothing -worse to hear than Isabella's kind inquiry after Jane Fairfax; and Jane -Fairfax, though no great favourite with her in general, she was at that -moment very happy to assist in praising. - -"That sweet, amiable Jane Fairfax!" said Mrs. John Knightley.--"It -is so long since I have seen her, except now and then for a moment -accidentally in town! What happiness it must be to her good old -grandmother and excellent aunt, when she comes to visit them! I always -regret excessively on dear Emma's account that she cannot be more at -Highbury; but now their daughter is married, I suppose Colonel and Mrs. -Campbell will not be able to part with her at all. She would be such a -delightful companion for Emma." - -Mr. Woodhouse agreed to it all, but added, - -"Our little friend Harriet Smith, however, is just such another pretty -kind of young person. You will like Harriet. Emma could not have a -better companion than Harriet." - -"I am most happy to hear it--but only Jane Fairfax one knows to be so -very accomplished and superior!--and exactly Emma's age." - -This topic was discussed very happily, and others succeeded of similar -moment, and passed away with similar harmony; but the evening did not -close without a little return of agitation. The gruel came and supplied -a great deal to be said--much praise and many comments--undoubting -decision of its wholesomeness for every constitution, and pretty -severe Philippics upon the many houses where it was never met with -tolerable;--but, unfortunately, among the failures which the daughter -had to instance, the most recent, and therefore most prominent, was in -her own cook at South End, a young woman hired for the time, who never -had been able to understand what she meant by a basin of nice smooth -gruel, thin, but not too thin. Often as she had wished for and ordered -it, she had never been able to get any thing tolerable. Here was a -dangerous opening. - -"Ah!" said Mr. Woodhouse, shaking his head and fixing his eyes on her -with tender concern.--The ejaculation in Emma's ear expressed, "Ah! -there is no end of the sad consequences of your going to South End. It -does not bear talking of." And for a little while she hoped he would not -talk of it, and that a silent rumination might suffice to restore him to -the relish of his own smooth gruel. After an interval of some minutes, -however, he began with, - -"I shall always be very sorry that you went to the sea this autumn, -instead of coming here." - -"But why should you be sorry, sir?--I assure you, it did the children a -great deal of good." - -"And, moreover, if you must go to the sea, it had better not have been -to South End. South End is an unhealthy place. Perry was surprized to -hear you had fixed upon South End." - -"I know there is such an idea with many people, but indeed it is quite -a mistake, sir.--We all had our health perfectly well there, never -found the least inconvenience from the mud; and Mr. Wingfield says it is -entirely a mistake to suppose the place unhealthy; and I am sure he may -be depended on, for he thoroughly understands the nature of the air, and -his own brother and family have been there repeatedly." - -"You should have gone to Cromer, my dear, if you went anywhere.--Perry -was a week at Cromer once, and he holds it to be the best of all the -sea-bathing places. A fine open sea, he says, and very pure air. And, by -what I understand, you might have had lodgings there quite away from -the sea--a quarter of a mile off--very comfortable. You should have -consulted Perry." - -"But, my dear sir, the difference of the journey;--only consider how -great it would have been.--An hundred miles, perhaps, instead of forty." - -"Ah! my dear, as Perry says, where health is at stake, nothing else -should be considered; and if one is to travel, there is not much to -chuse between forty miles and an hundred.--Better not move at all, -better stay in London altogether than travel forty miles to get into -a worse air. This is just what Perry said. It seemed to him a very -ill-judged measure." - -Emma's attempts to stop her father had been vain; and when he -had reached such a point as this, she could not wonder at her -brother-in-law's breaking out. - -"Mr. Perry," said he, in a voice of very strong displeasure, "would do -as well to keep his opinion till it is asked for. Why does he make it -any business of his, to wonder at what I do?--at my taking my family to -one part of the coast or another?--I may be allowed, I hope, the use of -my judgment as well as Mr. Perry.--I want his directions no more than -his drugs." He paused--and growing cooler in a moment, added, with only -sarcastic dryness, "If Mr. Perry can tell me how to convey a wife and -five children a distance of an hundred and thirty miles with no greater -expense or inconvenience than a distance of forty, I should be as -willing to prefer Cromer to South End as he could himself." - -"True, true," cried Mr. Knightley, with most ready interposition--"very -true. That's a consideration indeed.--But John, as to what I was telling -you of my idea of moving the path to Langham, of turning it more to the -right that it may not cut through the home meadows, I cannot conceive -any difficulty. I should not attempt it, if it were to be the means of -inconvenience to the Highbury people, but if you call to mind exactly -the present line of the path.... The only way of proving it, however, -will be to turn to our maps. I shall see you at the Abbey to-morrow -morning I hope, and then we will look them over, and you shall give me -your opinion." - -Mr. Woodhouse was rather agitated by such harsh reflections on his -friend Perry, to whom he had, in fact, though unconsciously, been -attributing many of his own feelings and expressions;--but the soothing -attentions of his daughters gradually removed the present evil, and -the immediate alertness of one brother, and better recollections of the -other, prevented any renewal of it. - - - -CHAPTER XIII - - -There could hardly be a happier creature in the world than Mrs. John -Knightley, in this short visit to Hartfield, going about every morning -among her old acquaintance with her five children, and talking over what -she had done every evening with her father and sister. She had nothing -to wish otherwise, but that the days did not pass so swiftly. It was a -delightful visit;--perfect, in being much too short. - -In general their evenings were less engaged with friends than their -mornings; but one complete dinner engagement, and out of the house too, -there was no avoiding, though at Christmas. Mr. Weston would take no -denial; they must all dine at Randalls one day;--even Mr. Woodhouse was -persuaded to think it a possible thing in preference to a division of -the party. - -How they were all to be conveyed, he would have made a difficulty if he -could, but as his son and daughter's carriage and horses were actually -at Hartfield, he was not able to make more than a simple question on -that head; it hardly amounted to a doubt; nor did it occupy Emma long -to convince him that they might in one of the carriages find room for -Harriet also. - -Harriet, Mr. Elton, and Mr. Knightley, their own especial set, were the -only persons invited to meet them;--the hours were to be early, as -well as the numbers few; Mr. Woodhouse's habits and inclination being -consulted in every thing. - -The evening before this great event (for it was a very great event that -Mr. Woodhouse should dine out, on the 24th of December) had been spent -by Harriet at Hartfield, and she had gone home so much indisposed with -a cold, that, but for her own earnest wish of being nursed by Mrs. -Goddard, Emma could not have allowed her to leave the house. Emma called -on her the next day, and found her doom already signed with regard to -Randalls. She was very feverish and had a bad sore throat: Mrs. Goddard -was full of care and affection, Mr. Perry was talked of, and Harriet -herself was too ill and low to resist the authority which excluded her -from this delightful engagement, though she could not speak of her loss -without many tears. - -Emma sat with her as long as she could, to attend her in Mrs. Goddard's -unavoidable absences, and raise her spirits by representing how much Mr. -Elton's would be depressed when he knew her state; and left her at last -tolerably comfortable, in the sweet dependence of his having a most -comfortless visit, and of their all missing her very much. She had not -advanced many yards from Mrs. Goddard's door, when she was met by Mr. -Elton himself, evidently coming towards it, and as they walked on slowly -together in conversation about the invalid--of whom he, on the rumour -of considerable illness, had been going to inquire, that he might -carry some report of her to Hartfield--they were overtaken by Mr. John -Knightley returning from the daily visit to Donwell, with his two eldest -boys, whose healthy, glowing faces shewed all the benefit of a country -run, and seemed to ensure a quick despatch of the roast mutton and rice -pudding they were hastening home for. They joined company and -proceeded together. Emma was just describing the nature of her friend's -complaint;--"a throat very much inflamed, with a great deal of heat -about her, a quick, low pulse, &c. and she was sorry to find from Mrs. -Goddard that Harriet was liable to very bad sore-throats, and had often -alarmed her with them." Mr. Elton looked all alarm on the occasion, as -he exclaimed, - -"A sore-throat!--I hope not infectious. I hope not of a putrid -infectious sort. Has Perry seen her? Indeed you should take care of -yourself as well as of your friend. Let me entreat you to run no risks. -Why does not Perry see her?" - -Emma, who was not really at all frightened herself, tranquillised this -excess of apprehension by assurances of Mrs. Goddard's experience and -care; but as there must still remain a degree of uneasiness which she -could not wish to reason away, which she would rather feed and assist -than not, she added soon afterwards--as if quite another subject, - -"It is so cold, so very cold--and looks and feels so very much like -snow, that if it were to any other place or with any other party, I -should really try not to go out to-day--and dissuade my father from -venturing; but as he has made up his mind, and does not seem to feel the -cold himself, I do not like to interfere, as I know it would be so great -a disappointment to Mr. and Mrs. Weston. But, upon my word, Mr. Elton, -in your case, I should certainly excuse myself. You appear to me a -little hoarse already, and when you consider what demand of voice and -what fatigues to-morrow will bring, I think it would be no more than -common prudence to stay at home and take care of yourself to-night." - -Mr. Elton looked as if he did not very well know what answer to make; -which was exactly the case; for though very much gratified by the kind -care of such a fair lady, and not liking to resist any advice of her's, -he had not really the least inclination to give up the visit;--but Emma, -too eager and busy in her own previous conceptions and views to hear him -impartially, or see him with clear vision, was very well satisfied with -his muttering acknowledgment of its being "very cold, certainly very -cold," and walked on, rejoicing in having extricated him from Randalls, -and secured him the power of sending to inquire after Harriet every hour -of the evening. - -"You do quite right," said she;--"we will make your apologies to Mr. and -Mrs. Weston." - -But hardly had she so spoken, when she found her brother was civilly -offering a seat in his carriage, if the weather were Mr. Elton's only -objection, and Mr. Elton actually accepting the offer with much prompt -satisfaction. It was a done thing; Mr. Elton was to go, and never had -his broad handsome face expressed more pleasure than at this moment; -never had his smile been stronger, nor his eyes more exulting than when -he next looked at her. - -"Well," said she to herself, "this is most strange!--After I had got -him off so well, to chuse to go into company, and leave Harriet ill -behind!--Most strange indeed!--But there is, I believe, in many men, -especially single men, such an inclination--such a passion for dining -out--a dinner engagement is so high in the class of their pleasures, -their employments, their dignities, almost their duties, that any -thing gives way to it--and this must be the case with Mr. Elton; a most -valuable, amiable, pleasing young man undoubtedly, and very much in love -with Harriet; but still, he cannot refuse an invitation, he must dine -out wherever he is asked. What a strange thing love is! he can see ready -wit in Harriet, but will not dine alone for her." - -Soon afterwards Mr. Elton quitted them, and she could not but do him -the justice of feeling that there was a great deal of sentiment in his -manner of naming Harriet at parting; in the tone of his voice while -assuring her that he should call at Mrs. Goddard's for news of her fair -friend, the last thing before he prepared for the happiness of meeting -her again, when he hoped to be able to give a better report; and -he sighed and smiled himself off in a way that left the balance of -approbation much in his favour. - -After a few minutes of entire silence between them, John Knightley began -with-- - -"I never in my life saw a man more intent on being agreeable than Mr. -Elton. It is downright labour to him where ladies are concerned. With -men he can be rational and unaffected, but when he has ladies to please, -every feature works." - -"Mr. Elton's manners are not perfect," replied Emma; "but where there is -a wish to please, one ought to overlook, and one does overlook a great -deal. Where a man does his best with only moderate powers, he will -have the advantage over negligent superiority. There is such perfect -good-temper and good-will in Mr. Elton as one cannot but value." - -"Yes," said Mr. John Knightley presently, with some slyness, "he seems -to have a great deal of good-will towards you." - -"Me!" she replied with a smile of astonishment, "are you imagining me to -be Mr. Elton's object?" - -"Such an imagination has crossed me, I own, Emma; and if it never -occurred to you before, you may as well take it into consideration now." - -"Mr. Elton in love with me!--What an idea!" - -"I do not say it is so; but you will do well to consider whether it -is so or not, and to regulate your behaviour accordingly. I think your -manners to him encouraging. I speak as a friend, Emma. You had better -look about you, and ascertain what you do, and what you mean to do." - -"I thank you; but I assure you you are quite mistaken. Mr. Elton and -I are very good friends, and nothing more;" and she walked on, amusing -herself in the consideration of the blunders which often arise from a -partial knowledge of circumstances, of the mistakes which people of high -pretensions to judgment are for ever falling into; and not very well -pleased with her brother for imagining her blind and ignorant, and in -want of counsel. He said no more. - -Mr. Woodhouse had so completely made up his mind to the visit, that in -spite of the increasing coldness, he seemed to have no idea of shrinking -from it, and set forward at last most punctually with his eldest -daughter in his own carriage, with less apparent consciousness of the -weather than either of the others; too full of the wonder of his own -going, and the pleasure it was to afford at Randalls to see that it was -cold, and too well wrapt up to feel it. The cold, however, was severe; -and by the time the second carriage was in motion, a few flakes of snow -were finding their way down, and the sky had the appearance of being so -overcharged as to want only a milder air to produce a very white world -in a very short time. - -Emma soon saw that her companion was not in the happiest humour. The -preparing and the going abroad in such weather, with the sacrifice of -his children after dinner, were evils, were disagreeables at least, -which Mr. John Knightley did not by any means like; he anticipated -nothing in the visit that could be at all worth the purchase; and the -whole of their drive to the vicarage was spent by him in expressing his -discontent. - -"A man," said he, "must have a very good opinion of himself when he asks -people to leave their own fireside, and encounter such a day as -this, for the sake of coming to see him. He must think himself a most -agreeable fellow; I could not do such a thing. It is the greatest -absurdity--Actually snowing at this moment!--The folly of not allowing -people to be comfortable at home--and the folly of people's not staying -comfortably at home when they can! If we were obliged to go out such -an evening as this, by any call of duty or business, what a hardship we -should deem it;--and here are we, probably with rather thinner clothing -than usual, setting forward voluntarily, without excuse, in defiance of -the voice of nature, which tells man, in every thing given to his view -or his feelings, to stay at home himself, and keep all under shelter -that he can;--here are we setting forward to spend five dull hours in -another man's house, with nothing to say or to hear that was not said -and heard yesterday, and may not be said and heard again to-morrow. -Going in dismal weather, to return probably in worse;--four horses and -four servants taken out for nothing but to convey five idle, shivering -creatures into colder rooms and worse company than they might have had -at home." - -Emma did not find herself equal to give the pleased assent, which no -doubt he was in the habit of receiving, to emulate the "Very true, -my love," which must have been usually administered by his travelling -companion; but she had resolution enough to refrain from making -any answer at all. She could not be complying, she dreaded being -quarrelsome; her heroism reached only to silence. She allowed him to -talk, and arranged the glasses, and wrapped herself up, without opening -her lips. - -They arrived, the carriage turned, the step was let down, and Mr. Elton, -spruce, black, and smiling, was with them instantly. Emma thought with -pleasure of some change of subject. Mr. Elton was all obligation and -cheerfulness; he was so very cheerful in his civilities indeed, that she -began to think he must have received a different account of Harriet from -what had reached her. She had sent while dressing, and the answer had -been, "Much the same--not better." - -"_My_ report from Mrs. Goddard's," said she presently, "was not so -pleasant as I had hoped--'Not better' was _my_ answer." - -His face lengthened immediately; and his voice was the voice of -sentiment as he answered. - -"Oh! no--I am grieved to find--I was on the point of telling you that -when I called at Mrs. Goddard's door, which I did the very last thing -before I returned to dress, I was told that Miss Smith was not better, -by no means better, rather worse. Very much grieved and concerned--I -had flattered myself that she must be better after such a cordial as I -knew had been given her in the morning." - -Emma smiled and answered--"My visit was of use to the nervous part of -her complaint, I hope; but not even I can charm away a sore throat; -it is a most severe cold indeed. Mr. Perry has been with her, as you -probably heard." - -"Yes--I imagined--that is--I did not--" - -"He has been used to her in these complaints, and I hope to-morrow -morning will bring us both a more comfortable report. But it is -impossible not to feel uneasiness. Such a sad loss to our party to-day!" - -"Dreadful!--Exactly so, indeed.--She will be missed every moment." - -This was very proper; the sigh which accompanied it was really -estimable; but it should have lasted longer. Emma was rather in dismay -when only half a minute afterwards he began to speak of other things, -and in a voice of the greatest alacrity and enjoyment. - -"What an excellent device," said he, "the use of a sheepskin for -carriages. How very comfortable they make it;--impossible to feel cold -with such precautions. The contrivances of modern days indeed have -rendered a gentleman's carriage perfectly complete. One is so fenced -and guarded from the weather, that not a breath of air can find its way -unpermitted. Weather becomes absolutely of no consequence. It is a very -cold afternoon--but in this carriage we know nothing of the matter.--Ha! -snows a little I see." - -"Yes," said John Knightley, "and I think we shall have a good deal of -it." - -"Christmas weather," observed Mr. Elton. "Quite seasonable; and -extremely fortunate we may think ourselves that it did not begin -yesterday, and prevent this day's party, which it might very possibly -have done, for Mr. Woodhouse would hardly have ventured had there been -much snow on the ground; but now it is of no consequence. This is quite -the season indeed for friendly meetings. At Christmas every body invites -their friends about them, and people think little of even the worst -weather. I was snowed up at a friend's house once for a week. Nothing -could be pleasanter. I went for only one night, and could not get away -till that very day se'nnight." - -Mr. John Knightley looked as if he did not comprehend the pleasure, but -said only, coolly, - -"I cannot wish to be snowed up a week at Randalls." - -At another time Emma might have been amused, but she was too much -astonished now at Mr. Elton's spirits for other feelings. Harriet seemed -quite forgotten in the expectation of a pleasant party. - -"We are sure of excellent fires," continued he, "and every thing in the -greatest comfort. Charming people, Mr. and Mrs. Weston;--Mrs. Weston -indeed is much beyond praise, and he is exactly what one values, so -hospitable, and so fond of society;--it will be a small party, but where -small parties are select, they are perhaps the most agreeable of any. -Mr. Weston's dining-room does not accommodate more than ten comfortably; -and for my part, I would rather, under such circumstances, fall short by -two than exceed by two. I think you will agree with me, (turning with -a soft air to Emma,) I think I shall certainly have your approbation, -though Mr. Knightley perhaps, from being used to the large parties of -London, may not quite enter into our feelings." - -"I know nothing of the large parties of London, sir--I never dine with -any body." - -"Indeed! (in a tone of wonder and pity,) I had no idea that the law had -been so great a slavery. Well, sir, the time must come when you will -be paid for all this, when you will have little labour and great -enjoyment." - -"My first enjoyment," replied John Knightley, as they passed through the -sweep-gate, "will be to find myself safe at Hartfield again." - - - -CHAPTER XIV - - -Some change of countenance was necessary for each gentleman as they -walked into Mrs. Weston's drawing-room;--Mr. Elton must compose his -joyous looks, and Mr. John Knightley disperse his ill-humour. Mr. -Elton must smile less, and Mr. John Knightley more, to fit them for the -place.--Emma only might be as nature prompted, and shew herself just as -happy as she was. To her it was real enjoyment to be with the Westons. -Mr. Weston was a great favourite, and there was not a creature in the -world to whom she spoke with such unreserve, as to his wife; not any -one, to whom she related with such conviction of being listened to and -understood, of being always interesting and always intelligible, the -little affairs, arrangements, perplexities, and pleasures of her father -and herself. She could tell nothing of Hartfield, in which Mrs. Weston -had not a lively concern; and half an hour's uninterrupted communication -of all those little matters on which the daily happiness of private life -depends, was one of the first gratifications of each. - -This was a pleasure which perhaps the whole day's visit might not -afford, which certainly did not belong to the present half-hour; but the -very sight of Mrs. Weston, her smile, her touch, her voice was grateful -to Emma, and she determined to think as little as possible of Mr. -Elton's oddities, or of any thing else unpleasant, and enjoy all that -was enjoyable to the utmost. - -The misfortune of Harriet's cold had been pretty well gone through -before her arrival. Mr. Woodhouse had been safely seated long enough -to give the history of it, besides all the history of his own and -Isabella's coming, and of Emma's being to follow, and had indeed just -got to the end of his satisfaction that James should come and see his -daughter, when the others appeared, and Mrs. Weston, who had been almost -wholly engrossed by her attentions to him, was able to turn away and -welcome her dear Emma. - -Emma's project of forgetting Mr. Elton for a while made her rather sorry -to find, when they had all taken their places, that he was close to her. -The difficulty was great of driving his strange insensibility towards -Harriet, from her mind, while he not only sat at her elbow, but -was continually obtruding his happy countenance on her notice, and -solicitously addressing her upon every occasion. Instead of forgetting -him, his behaviour was such that she could not avoid the internal -suggestion of "Can it really be as my brother imagined? can it be -possible for this man to be beginning to transfer his affections from -Harriet to me?--Absurd and insufferable!"--Yet he would be so anxious -for her being perfectly warm, would be so interested about her father, -and so delighted with Mrs. Weston; and at last would begin admiring her -drawings with so much zeal and so little knowledge as seemed terribly -like a would-be lover, and made it some effort with her to preserve her -good manners. For her own sake she could not be rude; and for Harriet's, -in the hope that all would yet turn out right, she was even positively -civil; but it was an effort; especially as something was going on -amongst the others, in the most overpowering period of Mr. Elton's -nonsense, which she particularly wished to listen to. She heard enough -to know that Mr. Weston was giving some information about his son; she -heard the words "my son," and "Frank," and "my son," repeated several -times over; and, from a few other half-syllables very much suspected -that he was announcing an early visit from his son; but before she could -quiet Mr. Elton, the subject was so completely past that any reviving -question from her would have been awkward. - -Now, it so happened that in spite of Emma's resolution of never -marrying, there was something in the name, in the idea of Mr. -Frank Churchill, which always interested her. She had frequently -thought--especially since his father's marriage with Miss Taylor--that -if she _were_ to marry, he was the very person to suit her in age, -character and condition. He seemed by this connexion between the -families, quite to belong to her. She could not but suppose it to be -a match that every body who knew them must think of. That Mr. and Mrs. -Weston did think of it, she was very strongly persuaded; and though -not meaning to be induced by him, or by any body else, to give up a -situation which she believed more replete with good than any she could -change it for, she had a great curiosity to see him, a decided intention -of finding him pleasant, of being liked by him to a certain degree, and -a sort of pleasure in the idea of their being coupled in their friends' -imaginations. - -With such sensations, Mr. Elton's civilities were dreadfully ill-timed; -but she had the comfort of appearing very polite, while feeling very -cross--and of thinking that the rest of the visit could not possibly -pass without bringing forward the same information again, or the -substance of it, from the open-hearted Mr. Weston.--So it proved;--for -when happily released from Mr. Elton, and seated by Mr. Weston, -at dinner, he made use of the very first interval in the cares of -hospitality, the very first leisure from the saddle of mutton, to say to -her, - -"We want only two more to be just the right number. I should like to see -two more here,--your pretty little friend, Miss Smith, and my son--and -then I should say we were quite complete. I believe you did not hear me -telling the others in the drawing-room that we are expecting Frank. -I had a letter from him this morning, and he will be with us within a -fortnight." - -Emma spoke with a very proper degree of pleasure; and fully assented to -his proposition of Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Smith making their party -quite complete. - -"He has been wanting to come to us," continued Mr. Weston, "ever since -September: every letter has been full of it; but he cannot command his -own time. He has those to please who must be pleased, and who (between -ourselves) are sometimes to be pleased only by a good many sacrifices. -But now I have no doubt of seeing him here about the second week in -January." - -"What a very great pleasure it will be to you! and Mrs. Weston is so -anxious to be acquainted with him, that she must be almost as happy as -yourself." - -"Yes, she would be, but that she thinks there will be another put-off. -She does not depend upon his coming so much as I do: but she does not -know the parties so well as I do. The case, you see, is--(but this is -quite between ourselves: I did not mention a syllable of it in the other -room. There are secrets in all families, you know)--The case is, that a -party of friends are invited to pay a visit at Enscombe in January; and -that Frank's coming depends upon their being put off. If they are not -put off, he cannot stir. But I know they will, because it is a family -that a certain lady, of some consequence, at Enscombe, has a particular -dislike to: and though it is thought necessary to invite them once in -two or three years, they always are put off when it comes to the point. -I have not the smallest doubt of the issue. I am as confident of seeing -Frank here before the middle of January, as I am of being here myself: -but your good friend there (nodding towards the upper end of the table) -has so few vagaries herself, and has been so little used to them at -Hartfield, that she cannot calculate on their effects, as I have been -long in the practice of doing." - -"I am sorry there should be any thing like doubt in the case," replied -Emma; "but am disposed to side with you, Mr. Weston. If you think he -will come, I shall think so too; for you know Enscombe." - -"Yes--I have some right to that knowledge; though I have never been at -the place in my life.--She is an odd woman!--But I never allow myself -to speak ill of her, on Frank's account; for I do believe her to be very -fond of him. I used to think she was not capable of being fond of -any body, except herself: but she has always been kind to him (in her -way--allowing for little whims and caprices, and expecting every thing -to be as she likes). And it is no small credit, in my opinion, to him, -that he should excite such an affection; for, though I would not say -it to any body else, she has no more heart than a stone to people in -general; and the devil of a temper." - -Emma liked the subject so well, that she began upon it, to Mrs. Weston, -very soon after their moving into the drawing-room: wishing her joy--yet -observing, that she knew the first meeting must be rather alarming.-- -Mrs. Weston agreed to it; but added, that she should be very glad to be -secure of undergoing the anxiety of a first meeting at the time talked -of: "for I cannot depend upon his coming. I cannot be so sanguine as -Mr. Weston. I am very much afraid that it will all end in nothing. Mr. -Weston, I dare say, has been telling you exactly how the matter stands?" - -"Yes--it seems to depend upon nothing but the ill-humour of Mrs. -Churchill, which I imagine to be the most certain thing in the world." - -"My Emma!" replied Mrs. Weston, smiling, "what is the certainty -of caprice?" Then turning to Isabella, who had not been attending -before--"You must know, my dear Mrs. Knightley, that we are by no means -so sure of seeing Mr. Frank Churchill, in my opinion, as his father -thinks. It depends entirely upon his aunt's spirits and pleasure; in -short, upon her temper. To you--to my two daughters--I may venture on -the truth. Mrs. Churchill rules at Enscombe, and is a very odd-tempered -woman; and his coming now, depends upon her being willing to spare him." - -"Oh, Mrs. Churchill; every body knows Mrs. Churchill," replied Isabella: -"and I am sure I never think of that poor young man without the greatest -compassion. To be constantly living with an ill-tempered person, must -be dreadful. It is what we happily have never known any thing of; but -it must be a life of misery. What a blessing, that she never had any -children! Poor little creatures, how unhappy she would have made them!" - -Emma wished she had been alone with Mrs. Weston. She should then have -heard more: Mrs. Weston would speak to her, with a degree of unreserve -which she would not hazard with Isabella; and, she really believed, -would scarcely try to conceal any thing relative to the Churchills -from her, excepting those views on the young man, of which her own -imagination had already given her such instinctive knowledge. But at -present there was nothing more to be said. Mr. Woodhouse very soon -followed them into the drawing-room. To be sitting long after -dinner, was a confinement that he could not endure. Neither wine nor -conversation was any thing to him; and gladly did he move to those with -whom he was always comfortable. - -While he talked to Isabella, however, Emma found an opportunity of -saying, - -"And so you do not consider this visit from your son as by any means -certain. I am sorry for it. The introduction must be unpleasant, -whenever it takes place; and the sooner it could be over, the better." - -"Yes; and every delay makes one more apprehensive of other delays. Even -if this family, the Braithwaites, are put off, I am still afraid that -some excuse may be found for disappointing us. I cannot bear to imagine -any reluctance on his side; but I am sure there is a great wish on -the Churchills' to keep him to themselves. There is jealousy. They -are jealous even of his regard for his father. In short, I can feel no -dependence on his coming, and I wish Mr. Weston were less sanguine." - -"He ought to come," said Emma. "If he could stay only a couple of days, -he ought to come; and one can hardly conceive a young man's not having -it in his power to do as much as that. A young _woman_, if she fall into -bad hands, may be teased, and kept at a distance from those she wants -to be with; but one cannot comprehend a young _man_'s being under such -restraint, as not to be able to spend a week with his father, if he -likes it." - -"One ought to be at Enscombe, and know the ways of the family, before -one decides upon what he can do," replied Mrs. Weston. "One ought to -use the same caution, perhaps, in judging of the conduct of any one -individual of any one family; but Enscombe, I believe, certainly must -not be judged by general rules: _she_ is so very unreasonable; and every -thing gives way to her." - -"But she is so fond of the nephew: he is so very great a favourite. Now, -according to my idea of Mrs. Churchill, it would be most natural, that -while she makes no sacrifice for the comfort of the husband, to whom she -owes every thing, while she exercises incessant caprice towards _him_, -she should frequently be governed by the nephew, to whom she owes -nothing at all." - -"My dearest Emma, do not pretend, with your sweet temper, to understand -a bad one, or to lay down rules for it: you must let it go its own way. -I have no doubt of his having, at times, considerable influence; but it -may be perfectly impossible for him to know beforehand _when_ it will -be." - -Emma listened, and then coolly said, "I shall not be satisfied, unless -he comes." - -"He may have a great deal of influence on some points," continued Mrs. -Weston, "and on others, very little: and among those, on which she is -beyond his reach, it is but too likely, may be this very circumstance of -his coming away from them to visit us." - - - -CHAPTER XV - - -Mr. Woodhouse was soon ready for his tea; and when he had drank his -tea he was quite ready to go home; and it was as much as his three -companions could do, to entertain away his notice of the lateness of -the hour, before the other gentlemen appeared. Mr. Weston was chatty and -convivial, and no friend to early separations of any sort; but at last -the drawing-room party did receive an augmentation. Mr. Elton, in very -good spirits, was one of the first to walk in. Mrs. Weston and Emma -were sitting together on a sofa. He joined them immediately, and, with -scarcely an invitation, seated himself between them. - -Emma, in good spirits too, from the amusement afforded her mind by -the expectation of Mr. Frank Churchill, was willing to forget his late -improprieties, and be as well satisfied with him as before, and on his -making Harriet his very first subject, was ready to listen with most -friendly smiles. - -He professed himself extremely anxious about her fair friend--her fair, -lovely, amiable friend. "Did she know?--had she heard any thing about -her, since their being at Randalls?--he felt much anxiety--he must -confess that the nature of her complaint alarmed him considerably." -And in this style he talked on for some time very properly, not much -attending to any answer, but altogether sufficiently awake to the terror -of a bad sore throat; and Emma was quite in charity with him. - -But at last there seemed a perverse turn; it seemed all at once as if he -were more afraid of its being a bad sore throat on her account, than on -Harriet's--more anxious that she should escape the infection, than -that there should be no infection in the complaint. He began with great -earnestness to entreat her to refrain from visiting the sick-chamber -again, for the present--to entreat her to _promise_ _him_ not to venture -into such hazard till he had seen Mr. Perry and learnt his opinion; and -though she tried to laugh it off and bring the subject back into its -proper course, there was no putting an end to his extreme solicitude -about her. She was vexed. It did appear--there was no concealing -it--exactly like the pretence of being in love with her, instead of -Harriet; an inconstancy, if real, the most contemptible and abominable! -and she had difficulty in behaving with temper. He turned to Mrs. Weston -to implore her assistance, "Would not she give him her support?--would -not she add her persuasions to his, to induce Miss Woodhouse not to go -to Mrs. Goddard's till it were certain that Miss Smith's disorder had -no infection? He could not be satisfied without a promise--would not she -give him her influence in procuring it?" - -"So scrupulous for others," he continued, "and yet so careless for -herself! She wanted me to nurse my cold by staying at home to-day, and -yet will not promise to avoid the danger of catching an ulcerated sore -throat herself. Is this fair, Mrs. Weston?--Judge between us. Have not I -some right to complain? I am sure of your kind support and aid." - -Emma saw Mrs. Weston's surprize, and felt that it must be great, at an -address which, in words and manner, was assuming to himself the right of -first interest in her; and as for herself, she was too much provoked and -offended to have the power of directly saying any thing to the purpose. -She could only give him a look; but it was such a look as she thought -must restore him to his senses, and then left the sofa, removing to a -seat by her sister, and giving her all her attention. - -She had not time to know how Mr. Elton took the reproof, so rapidly did -another subject succeed; for Mr. John Knightley now came into the room -from examining the weather, and opened on them all with the information -of the ground being covered with snow, and of its still snowing -fast, with a strong drifting wind; concluding with these words to Mr. -Woodhouse: - -"This will prove a spirited beginning of your winter engagements, -sir. Something new for your coachman and horses to be making their way -through a storm of snow." - -Poor Mr. Woodhouse was silent from consternation; but every body else -had something to say; every body was either surprized or not surprized, -and had some question to ask, or some comfort to offer. Mrs. Weston -and Emma tried earnestly to cheer him and turn his attention from his -son-in-law, who was pursuing his triumph rather unfeelingly. - -"I admired your resolution very much, sir," said he, "in venturing out -in such weather, for of course you saw there would be snow very soon. -Every body must have seen the snow coming on. I admired your spirit; and -I dare say we shall get home very well. Another hour or two's snow can -hardly make the road impassable; and we are two carriages; if one is -blown over in the bleak part of the common field there will be the other -at hand. I dare say we shall be all safe at Hartfield before midnight." - -Mr. Weston, with triumph of a different sort, was confessing that he -had known it to be snowing some time, but had not said a word, lest -it should make Mr. Woodhouse uncomfortable, and be an excuse for his -hurrying away. As to there being any quantity of snow fallen or likely -to fall to impede their return, that was a mere joke; he was afraid they -would find no difficulty. He wished the road might be impassable, that -he might be able to keep them all at Randalls; and with the utmost -good-will was sure that accommodation might be found for every body, -calling on his wife to agree with him, that with a little contrivance, -every body might be lodged, which she hardly knew how to do, from the -consciousness of there being but two spare rooms in the house. - -"What is to be done, my dear Emma?--what is to be done?" was Mr. -Woodhouse's first exclamation, and all that he could say for some -time. To her he looked for comfort; and her assurances of safety, her -representation of the excellence of the horses, and of James, and of -their having so many friends about them, revived him a little. - -His eldest daughter's alarm was equal to his own. The horror of being -blocked up at Randalls, while her children were at Hartfield, was full -in her imagination; and fancying the road to be now just passable for -adventurous people, but in a state that admitted no delay, she was eager -to have it settled, that her father and Emma should remain at Randalls, -while she and her husband set forward instantly through all the possible -accumulations of drifted snow that might impede them. - -"You had better order the carriage directly, my love," said she; "I dare -say we shall be able to get along, if we set off directly; and if we -do come to any thing very bad, I can get out and walk. I am not at all -afraid. I should not mind walking half the way. I could change my shoes, -you know, the moment I got home; and it is not the sort of thing that -gives me cold." - -"Indeed!" replied he. "Then, my dear Isabella, it is the most -extraordinary sort of thing in the world, for in general every thing -does give you cold. Walk home!--you are prettily shod for walking home, -I dare say. It will be bad enough for the horses." - -Isabella turned to Mrs. Weston for her approbation of the plan. Mrs. -Weston could only approve. Isabella then went to Emma; but Emma could -not so entirely give up the hope of their being all able to get away; -and they were still discussing the point, when Mr. Knightley, who had -left the room immediately after his brother's first report of the snow, -came back again, and told them that he had been out of doors to examine, -and could answer for there not being the smallest difficulty in their -getting home, whenever they liked it, either now or an hour hence. He -had gone beyond the sweep--some way along the Highbury road--the snow -was nowhere above half an inch deep--in many places hardly enough to -whiten the ground; a very few flakes were falling at present, but the -clouds were parting, and there was every appearance of its being soon -over. He had seen the coachmen, and they both agreed with him in there -being nothing to apprehend. - -To Isabella, the relief of such tidings was very great, and they were -scarcely less acceptable to Emma on her father's account, who -was immediately set as much at ease on the subject as his nervous -constitution allowed; but the alarm that had been raised could not be -appeased so as to admit of any comfort for him while he continued at -Randalls. He was satisfied of there being no present danger in returning -home, but no assurances could convince him that it was safe to stay; and -while the others were variously urging and recommending, Mr. Knightley -and Emma settled it in a few brief sentences: thus-- - -"Your father will not be easy; why do not you go?" - -"I am ready, if the others are." - -"Shall I ring the bell?" - -"Yes, do." - -And the bell was rung, and the carriages spoken for. A few minutes more, -and Emma hoped to see one troublesome companion deposited in his own -house, to get sober and cool, and the other recover his temper and -happiness when this visit of hardship were over. - -The carriage came: and Mr. Woodhouse, always the first object on such -occasions, was carefully attended to his own by Mr. Knightley and Mr. -Weston; but not all that either could say could prevent some renewal -of alarm at the sight of the snow which had actually fallen, and the -discovery of a much darker night than he had been prepared for. "He was -afraid they should have a very bad drive. He was afraid poor Isabella -would not like it. And there would be poor Emma in the carriage behind. -He did not know what they had best do. They must keep as much together -as they could;" and James was talked to, and given a charge to go very -slow and wait for the other carriage. - -Isabella stept in after her father; John Knightley, forgetting that he -did not belong to their party, stept in after his wife very naturally; -so that Emma found, on being escorted and followed into the second -carriage by Mr. Elton, that the door was to be lawfully shut on them, -and that they were to have a tete-a-tete drive. It would not have been -the awkwardness of a moment, it would have been rather a pleasure, -previous to the suspicions of this very day; she could have talked to -him of Harriet, and the three-quarters of a mile would have seemed but -one. But now, she would rather it had not happened. She believed he had -been drinking too much of Mr. Weston's good wine, and felt sure that he -would want to be talking nonsense. - -To restrain him as much as might be, by her own manners, she was -immediately preparing to speak with exquisite calmness and gravity of -the weather and the night; but scarcely had she begun, scarcely had they -passed the sweep-gate and joined the other carriage, than she found her -subject cut up--her hand seized--her attention demanded, and Mr. Elton -actually making violent love to her: availing himself of the precious -opportunity, declaring sentiments which must be already well known, -hoping--fearing--adoring--ready to die if she refused him; but -flattering himself that his ardent attachment and unequalled love and -unexampled passion could not fail of having some effect, and in short, -very much resolved on being seriously accepted as soon as possible. It -really was so. Without scruple--without apology--without much apparent -diffidence, Mr. Elton, the lover of Harriet, was professing himself -_her_ lover. She tried to stop him; but vainly; he would go on, and say -it all. Angry as she was, the thought of the moment made her resolve to -restrain herself when she did speak. She felt that half this folly must -be drunkenness, and therefore could hope that it might belong only to -the passing hour. Accordingly, with a mixture of the serious and the -playful, which she hoped would best suit his half and half state, she -replied, - -"I am very much astonished, Mr. Elton. This to _me_! you forget -yourself--you take me for my friend--any message to Miss Smith I shall -be happy to deliver; but no more of this to _me_, if you please." - -"Miss Smith!--message to Miss Smith!--What could she possibly -mean!"--And he repeated her words with such assurance of accent, such -boastful pretence of amazement, that she could not help replying with -quickness, - -"Mr. Elton, this is the most extraordinary conduct! and I can account -for it only in one way; you are not yourself, or you could not speak -either to me, or of Harriet, in such a manner. Command yourself enough -to say no more, and I will endeavour to forget it." - -But Mr. Elton had only drunk wine enough to elevate his spirits, not at -all to confuse his intellects. He perfectly knew his own meaning; and -having warmly protested against her suspicion as most injurious, and -slightly touched upon his respect for Miss Smith as her friend,--but -acknowledging his wonder that Miss Smith should be mentioned at all,--he -resumed the subject of his own passion, and was very urgent for a -favourable answer. - -As she thought less of his inebriety, she thought more of his -inconstancy and presumption; and with fewer struggles for politeness, -replied, - -"It is impossible for me to doubt any longer. You have made yourself -too clear. Mr. Elton, my astonishment is much beyond any thing I can -express. After such behaviour, as I have witnessed during the last -month, to Miss Smith--such attentions as I have been in the daily -habit of observing--to be addressing me in this manner--this is an -unsteadiness of character, indeed, which I had not supposed possible! -Believe me, sir, I am far, very far, from gratified in being the object -of such professions." - -"Good Heaven!" cried Mr. Elton, "what can be the meaning of this?--Miss -Smith!--I never thought of Miss Smith in the whole course of my -existence--never paid her any attentions, but as your friend: never -cared whether she were dead or alive, but as your friend. If she -has fancied otherwise, her own wishes have misled her, and I am very -sorry--extremely sorry--But, Miss Smith, indeed!--Oh! Miss Woodhouse! -who can think of Miss Smith, when Miss Woodhouse is near! No, upon my -honour, there is no unsteadiness of character. I have thought only of -you. I protest against having paid the smallest attention to any one -else. Every thing that I have said or done, for many weeks past, has -been with the sole view of marking my adoration of yourself. You -cannot really, seriously, doubt it. No!--(in an accent meant to be -insinuating)--I am sure you have seen and understood me." - -It would be impossible to say what Emma felt, on hearing this--which -of all her unpleasant sensations was uppermost. She was too completely -overpowered to be immediately able to reply: and two moments of silence -being ample encouragement for Mr. Elton's sanguine state of mind, he -tried to take her hand again, as he joyously exclaimed-- - -"Charming Miss Woodhouse! allow me to interpret this interesting -silence. It confesses that you have long understood me." - -"No, sir," cried Emma, "it confesses no such thing. So far from having -long understood you, I have been in a most complete error with respect -to your views, till this moment. As to myself, I am very sorry that you -should have been giving way to any feelings--Nothing could be farther -from my wishes--your attachment to my friend Harriet--your pursuit of -her, (pursuit, it appeared,) gave me great pleasure, and I have been -very earnestly wishing you success: but had I supposed that she were not -your attraction to Hartfield, I should certainly have thought you judged -ill in making your visits so frequent. Am I to believe that you have -never sought to recommend yourself particularly to Miss Smith?--that you -have never thought seriously of her?" - -"Never, madam," cried he, affronted in his turn: "never, I assure you. -_I_ think seriously of Miss Smith!--Miss Smith is a very good sort of -girl; and I should be happy to see her respectably settled. I wish -her extremely well: and, no doubt, there are men who might not object -to--Every body has their level: but as for myself, I am not, I think, -quite so much at a loss. I need not so totally despair of an equal -alliance, as to be addressing myself to Miss Smith!--No, madam, my -visits to Hartfield have been for yourself only; and the encouragement I -received--" - -"Encouragement!--I give you encouragement!--Sir, you have been entirely -mistaken in supposing it. I have seen you only as the admirer of my -friend. In no other light could you have been more to me than a common -acquaintance. I am exceedingly sorry: but it is well that the mistake -ends where it does. Had the same behaviour continued, Miss Smith might -have been led into a misconception of your views; not being aware, -probably, any more than myself, of the very great inequality which you -are so sensible of. But, as it is, the disappointment is single, and, I -trust, will not be lasting. I have no thoughts of matrimony at present." - -He was too angry to say another word; her manner too decided to invite -supplication; and in this state of swelling resentment, and mutually -deep mortification, they had to continue together a few minutes longer, -for the fears of Mr. Woodhouse had confined them to a foot-pace. If -there had not been so much anger, there would have been desperate -awkwardness; but their straightforward emotions left no room for the -little zigzags of embarrassment. Without knowing when the carriage -turned into Vicarage Lane, or when it stopped, they found themselves, -all at once, at the door of his house; and he was out before another -syllable passed.--Emma then felt it indispensable to wish him a good -night. The compliment was just returned, coldly and proudly; and, under -indescribable irritation of spirits, she was then conveyed to Hartfield. - -There she was welcomed, with the utmost delight, by her father, who -had been trembling for the dangers of a solitary drive from Vicarage -Lane--turning a corner which he could never bear to think of--and in -strange hands--a mere common coachman--no James; and there it seemed as -if her return only were wanted to make every thing go well: for Mr. -John Knightley, ashamed of his ill-humour, was now all kindness and -attention; and so particularly solicitous for the comfort of her -father, as to seem--if not quite ready to join him in a basin of -gruel--perfectly sensible of its being exceedingly wholesome; and the -day was concluding in peace and comfort to all their little party, -except herself.--But her mind had never been in such perturbation; and -it needed a very strong effort to appear attentive and cheerful till the -usual hour of separating allowed her the relief of quiet reflection. - - - -CHAPTER XVI - - -The hair was curled, and the maid sent away, and Emma sat down to think -and be miserable.--It was a wretched business indeed!--Such an overthrow -of every thing she had been wishing for!--Such a development of every -thing most unwelcome!--Such a blow for Harriet!--that was the worst -of all. Every part of it brought pain and humiliation, of some sort or -other; but, compared with the evil to Harriet, all was light; and -she would gladly have submitted to feel yet more mistaken--more in -error--more disgraced by mis-judgment, than she actually was, could the -effects of her blunders have been confined to herself. - -"If I had not persuaded Harriet into liking the man, I could have -borne any thing. He might have doubled his presumption to me--but poor -Harriet!" - -How she could have been so deceived!--He protested that he had never -thought seriously of Harriet--never! She looked back as well as -she could; but it was all confusion. She had taken up the idea, she -supposed, and made every thing bend to it. His manners, however, must -have been unmarked, wavering, dubious, or she could not have been so -misled. - -The picture!--How eager he had been about the picture!--and the -charade!--and an hundred other circumstances;--how clearly they had -seemed to point at Harriet. To be sure, the charade, with its "ready -wit"--but then the "soft eyes"--in fact it suited neither; it was -a jumble without taste or truth. Who could have seen through such -thick-headed nonsense? - -Certainly she had often, especially of late, thought his manners to -herself unnecessarily gallant; but it had passed as his way, as a mere -error of judgment, of knowledge, of taste, as one proof among others -that he had not always lived in the best society, that with all the -gentleness of his address, true elegance was sometimes wanting; but, -till this very day, she had never, for an instant, suspected it to mean -any thing but grateful respect to her as Harriet's friend. - -To Mr. John Knightley was she indebted for her first idea on the -subject, for the first start of its possibility. There was no denying -that those brothers had penetration. She remembered what Mr. Knightley -had once said to her about Mr. Elton, the caution he had given, -the conviction he had professed that Mr. Elton would never marry -indiscreetly; and blushed to think how much truer a knowledge of his -character had been there shewn than any she had reached herself. It -was dreadfully mortifying; but Mr. Elton was proving himself, in many -respects, the very reverse of what she had meant and believed him; -proud, assuming, conceited; very full of his own claims, and little -concerned about the feelings of others. - -Contrary to the usual course of things, Mr. Elton's wanting to pay his -addresses to her had sunk him in her opinion. His professions and his -proposals did him no service. She thought nothing of his attachment, -and was insulted by his hopes. He wanted to marry well, and having the -arrogance to raise his eyes to her, pretended to be in love; but she was -perfectly easy as to his not suffering any disappointment that need be -cared for. There had been no real affection either in his language or -manners. Sighs and fine words had been given in abundance; but she could -hardly devise any set of expressions, or fancy any tone of voice, less -allied with real love. She need not trouble herself to pity him. He -only wanted to aggrandise and enrich himself; and if Miss Woodhouse -of Hartfield, the heiress of thirty thousand pounds, were not quite so -easily obtained as he had fancied, he would soon try for Miss Somebody -else with twenty, or with ten. - -But--that he should talk of encouragement, should consider her as aware -of his views, accepting his attentions, meaning (in short), to marry -him!--should suppose himself her equal in connexion or mind!--look down -upon her friend, so well understanding the gradations of rank below -him, and be so blind to what rose above, as to fancy himself shewing no -presumption in addressing her!--It was most provoking. - -Perhaps it was not fair to expect him to feel how very much he was her -inferior in talent, and all the elegancies of mind. The very want of -such equality might prevent his perception of it; but he must know that -in fortune and consequence she was greatly his superior. He must -know that the Woodhouses had been settled for several generations at -Hartfield, the younger branch of a very ancient family--and that the -Eltons were nobody. The landed property of Hartfield certainly was -inconsiderable, being but a sort of notch in the Donwell Abbey estate, -to which all the rest of Highbury belonged; but their fortune, from -other sources, was such as to make them scarcely secondary to Donwell -Abbey itself, in every other kind of consequence; and the Woodhouses had -long held a high place in the consideration of the neighbourhood which -Mr. Elton had first entered not two years ago, to make his way as he -could, without any alliances but in trade, or any thing to recommend him -to notice but his situation and his civility.--But he had fancied her -in love with him; that evidently must have been his dependence; and -after raving a little about the seeming incongruity of gentle manners -and a conceited head, Emma was obliged in common honesty to stop -and admit that her own behaviour to him had been so complaisant and -obliging, so full of courtesy and attention, as (supposing her real -motive unperceived) might warrant a man of ordinary observation and -delicacy, like Mr. Elton, in fancying himself a very decided favourite. -If _she_ had so misinterpreted his feelings, she had little right to -wonder that _he_, with self-interest to blind him, should have mistaken -hers. - -The first error and the worst lay at her door. It was foolish, it was -wrong, to take so active a part in bringing any two people together. It -was adventuring too far, assuming too much, making light of what -ought to be serious, a trick of what ought to be simple. She was quite -concerned and ashamed, and resolved to do such things no more. - -"Here have I," said she, "actually talked poor Harriet into being very -much attached to this man. She might never have thought of him but for -me; and certainly never would have thought of him with hope, if I had -not assured her of his attachment, for she is as modest and humble as I -used to think him. Oh! that I had been satisfied with persuading her not -to accept young Martin. There I was quite right. That was well done -of me; but there I should have stopped, and left the rest to time and -chance. I was introducing her into good company, and giving her the -opportunity of pleasing some one worth having; I ought not to have -attempted more. But now, poor girl, her peace is cut up for some time. -I have been but half a friend to her; and if she were _not_ to feel this -disappointment so very much, I am sure I have not an idea of any body -else who would be at all desirable for her;--William Coxe--Oh! no, I -could not endure William Coxe--a pert young lawyer." - -She stopt to blush and laugh at her own relapse, and then resumed a more -serious, more dispiriting cogitation upon what had been, and might be, -and must be. The distressing explanation she had to make to Harriet, and -all that poor Harriet would be suffering, with the awkwardness of -future meetings, the difficulties of continuing or discontinuing the -acquaintance, of subduing feelings, concealing resentment, and avoiding -eclat, were enough to occupy her in most unmirthful reflections some -time longer, and she went to bed at last with nothing settled but the -conviction of her having blundered most dreadfully. - -To youth and natural cheerfulness like Emma's, though under temporary -gloom at night, the return of day will hardly fail to bring return of -spirits. The youth and cheerfulness of morning are in happy analogy, -and of powerful operation; and if the distress be not poignant enough -to keep the eyes unclosed, they will be sure to open to sensations of -softened pain and brighter hope. - -Emma got up on the morrow more disposed for comfort than she had gone -to bed, more ready to see alleviations of the evil before her, and to -depend on getting tolerably out of it. - -It was a great consolation that Mr. Elton should not be really in -love with her, or so particularly amiable as to make it shocking to -disappoint him--that Harriet's nature should not be of that superior -sort in which the feelings are most acute and retentive--and that there -could be no necessity for any body's knowing what had passed except the -three principals, and especially for her father's being given a moment's -uneasiness about it. - -These were very cheering thoughts; and the sight of a great deal of snow -on the ground did her further service, for any thing was welcome that -might justify their all three being quite asunder at present. - -The weather was most favourable for her; though Christmas Day, she -could not go to church. Mr. Woodhouse would have been miserable had his -daughter attempted it, and she was therefore safe from either exciting -or receiving unpleasant and most unsuitable ideas. The ground covered -with snow, and the atmosphere in that unsettled state between frost and -thaw, which is of all others the most unfriendly for exercise, every -morning beginning in rain or snow, and every evening setting in to -freeze, she was for many days a most honourable prisoner. No intercourse -with Harriet possible but by note; no church for her on Sunday any -more than on Christmas Day; and no need to find excuses for Mr. Elton's -absenting himself. - -It was weather which might fairly confine every body at home; and though -she hoped and believed him to be really taking comfort in some society -or other, it was very pleasant to have her father so well satisfied with -his being all alone in his own house, too wise to stir out; and to -hear him say to Mr. Knightley, whom no weather could keep entirely from -them,-- - -"Ah! Mr. Knightley, why do not you stay at home like poor Mr. Elton?" - -These days of confinement would have been, but for her private -perplexities, remarkably comfortable, as such seclusion exactly suited -her brother, whose feelings must always be of great importance to -his companions; and he had, besides, so thoroughly cleared off his -ill-humour at Randalls, that his amiableness never failed him during the -rest of his stay at Hartfield. He was always agreeable and obliging, -and speaking pleasantly of every body. But with all the hopes of -cheerfulness, and all the present comfort of delay, there was still such - -an evil hanging over her in the hour of explanation with Harriet, as -made it impossible for Emma to be ever perfectly at ease. - - - -CHAPTER XVII - - -Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley were not detained long at Hartfield. The -weather soon improved enough for those to move who must move; and Mr. -Woodhouse having, as usual, tried to persuade his daughter to stay -behind with all her children, was obliged to see the whole party -set off, and return to his lamentations over the destiny of poor -Isabella;--which poor Isabella, passing her life with those she doated -on, full of their merits, blind to their faults, and always innocently -busy, might have been a model of right feminine happiness. - -The evening of the very day on which they went brought a note from Mr. -Elton to Mr. Woodhouse, a long, civil, ceremonious note, to say, with -Mr. Elton's best compliments, "that he was proposing to leave Highbury -the following morning in his way to Bath; where, in compliance with -the pressing entreaties of some friends, he had engaged to spend a few -weeks, and very much regretted the impossibility he was under, from -various circumstances of weather and business, of taking a personal -leave of Mr. Woodhouse, of whose friendly civilities he should ever -retain a grateful sense--and had Mr. Woodhouse any commands, should be -happy to attend to them." - -Emma was most agreeably surprized.--Mr. Elton's absence just at this -time was the very thing to be desired. She admired him for contriving -it, though not able to give him much credit for the manner in which it -was announced. Resentment could not have been more plainly spoken than -in a civility to her father, from which she was so pointedly excluded. -She had not even a share in his opening compliments.--Her name was not -mentioned;--and there was so striking a change in all this, and such an -ill-judged solemnity of leave-taking in his graceful acknowledgments, as -she thought, at first, could not escape her father's suspicion. - -It did, however.--Her father was quite taken up with the surprize of so -sudden a journey, and his fears that Mr. Elton might never get safely to -the end of it, and saw nothing extraordinary in his language. It was a -very useful note, for it supplied them with fresh matter for thought -and conversation during the rest of their lonely evening. Mr. Woodhouse -talked over his alarms, and Emma was in spirits to persuade them away -with all her usual promptitude. - -She now resolved to keep Harriet no longer in the dark. She had reason -to believe her nearly recovered from her cold, and it was desirable that -she should have as much time as possible for getting the better of -her other complaint before the gentleman's return. She went to Mrs. -Goddard's accordingly the very next day, to undergo the necessary -penance of communication; and a severe one it was.--She had to destroy -all the hopes which she had been so industriously feeding--to appear in -the ungracious character of the one preferred--and acknowledge herself -grossly mistaken and mis-judging in all her ideas on one subject, all -her observations, all her convictions, all her prophecies for the last -six weeks. - -The confession completely renewed her first shame--and the sight of -Harriet's tears made her think that she should never be in charity with -herself again. - -Harriet bore the intelligence very well--blaming nobody--and in every -thing testifying such an ingenuousness of disposition and lowly opinion -of herself, as must appear with particular advantage at that moment to -her friend. - -Emma was in the humour to value simplicity and modesty to the utmost; -and all that was amiable, all that ought to be attaching, seemed on -Harriet's side, not her own. Harriet did not consider herself as having -any thing to complain of. The affection of such a man as Mr. Elton -would have been too great a distinction.--She never could have deserved -him--and nobody but so partial and kind a friend as Miss Woodhouse would -have thought it possible. - -Her tears fell abundantly--but her grief was so truly artless, that -no dignity could have made it more respectable in Emma's eyes--and -she listened to her and tried to console her with all her heart and -understanding--really for the time convinced that Harriet was the -superior creature of the two--and that to resemble her would be more for -her own welfare and happiness than all that genius or intelligence could -do. - -It was rather too late in the day to set about being simple-minded and -ignorant; but she left her with every previous resolution confirmed of -being humble and discreet, and repressing imagination all the rest of -her life. Her second duty now, inferior only to her father's claims, was -to promote Harriet's comfort, and endeavour to prove her own affection -in some better method than by match-making. She got her to Hartfield, -and shewed her the most unvarying kindness, striving to occupy and -amuse her, and by books and conversation, to drive Mr. Elton from her -thoughts. - -Time, she knew, must be allowed for this being thoroughly done; and -she could suppose herself but an indifferent judge of such matters in -general, and very inadequate to sympathise in an attachment to Mr. Elton -in particular; but it seemed to her reasonable that at Harriet's age, -and with the entire extinction of all hope, such a progress might be -made towards a state of composure by the time of Mr. Elton's return, as -to allow them all to meet again in the common routine of acquaintance, -without any danger of betraying sentiments or increasing them. - -Harriet did think him all perfection, and maintained the non-existence -of any body equal to him in person or goodness--and did, in truth, -prove herself more resolutely in love than Emma had foreseen; but yet -it appeared to her so natural, so inevitable to strive against an -inclination of that sort _unrequited_, that she could not comprehend its -continuing very long in equal force. - -If Mr. Elton, on his return, made his own indifference as evident and -indubitable as she could not doubt he would anxiously do, she could not -imagine Harriet's persisting to place her happiness in the sight or the -recollection of him. - -Their being fixed, so absolutely fixed, in the same place, was bad for -each, for all three. Not one of them had the power of removal, or of -effecting any material change of society. They must encounter each -other, and make the best of it. - -Harriet was farther unfortunate in the tone of her companions at Mrs. -Goddard's; Mr. Elton being the adoration of all the teachers and great -girls in the school; and it must be at Hartfield only that she could -have any chance of hearing him spoken of with cooling moderation or -repellent truth. Where the wound had been given, there must the cure be -found if anywhere; and Emma felt that, till she saw her in the way of -cure, there could be no true peace for herself. - - - -CHAPTER XVIII - - -Mr. Frank Churchill did not come. When the time proposed drew near, Mrs. -Weston's fears were justified in the arrival of a letter of excuse. For -the present, he could not be spared, to his "very great mortification -and regret; but still he looked forward with the hope of coming to -Randalls at no distant period." - -Mrs. Weston was exceedingly disappointed--much more disappointed, in -fact, than her husband, though her dependence on seeing the young man -had been so much more sober: but a sanguine temper, though for ever -expecting more good than occurs, does not always pay for its hopes by -any proportionate depression. It soon flies over the present failure, -and begins to hope again. For half an hour Mr. Weston was surprized and -sorry; but then he began to perceive that Frank's coming two or three -months later would be a much better plan; better time of year; -better weather; and that he would be able, without any doubt, to stay -considerably longer with them than if he had come sooner. - -These feelings rapidly restored his comfort, while Mrs. Weston, of -a more apprehensive disposition, foresaw nothing but a repetition of -excuses and delays; and after all her concern for what her husband was -to suffer, suffered a great deal more herself. - -Emma was not at this time in a state of spirits to care really about Mr. -Frank Churchill's not coming, except as a disappointment at Randalls. -The acquaintance at present had no charm for her. She wanted, rather, to -be quiet, and out of temptation; but still, as it was desirable that she -should appear, in general, like her usual self, she took care to express -as much interest in the circumstance, and enter as warmly into Mr. -and Mrs. Weston's disappointment, as might naturally belong to their -friendship. - -She was the first to announce it to Mr. Knightley; and exclaimed quite -as much as was necessary, (or, being acting a part, perhaps rather -more,) at the conduct of the Churchills, in keeping him away. She then -proceeded to say a good deal more than she felt, of the advantage of -such an addition to their confined society in Surry; the pleasure of -looking at somebody new; the gala-day to Highbury entire, which the -sight of him would have made; and ending with reflections on the -Churchills again, found herself directly involved in a disagreement -with Mr. Knightley; and, to her great amusement, perceived that she was -taking the other side of the question from her real opinion, and making -use of Mrs. Weston's arguments against herself. - -"The Churchills are very likely in fault," said Mr. Knightley, coolly; -"but I dare say he might come if he would." - -"I do not know why you should say so. He wishes exceedingly to come; but -his uncle and aunt will not spare him." - -"I cannot believe that he has not the power of coming, if he made a -point of it. It is too unlikely, for me to believe it without proof." - -"How odd you are! What has Mr. Frank Churchill done, to make you suppose -him such an unnatural creature?" - -"I am not supposing him at all an unnatural creature, in suspecting that -he may have learnt to be above his connexions, and to care very little -for any thing but his own pleasure, from living with those who have -always set him the example of it. It is a great deal more natural than -one could wish, that a young man, brought up by those who are proud, -luxurious, and selfish, should be proud, luxurious, and selfish too. If -Frank Churchill had wanted to see his father, he would have contrived it -between September and January. A man at his age--what is he?--three or -four-and-twenty--cannot be without the means of doing as much as that. -It is impossible." - -"That's easily said, and easily felt by you, who have always been your -own master. You are the worst judge in the world, Mr. Knightley, of the -difficulties of dependence. You do not know what it is to have tempers -to manage." - -"It is not to be conceived that a man of three or four-and-twenty -should not have liberty of mind or limb to that amount. He cannot want -money--he cannot want leisure. We know, on the contrary, that he has so -much of both, that he is glad to get rid of them at the idlest haunts in -the kingdom. We hear of him for ever at some watering-place or other. A -little while ago, he was at Weymouth. This proves that he can leave the -Churchills." - -"Yes, sometimes he can." - -"And those times are whenever he thinks it worth his while; whenever -there is any temptation of pleasure." - -"It is very unfair to judge of any body's conduct, without an intimate -knowledge of their situation. Nobody, who has not been in the interior -of a family, can say what the difficulties of any individual of that -family may be. We ought to be acquainted with Enscombe, and with Mrs. -Churchill's temper, before we pretend to decide upon what her nephew -can do. He may, at times, be able to do a great deal more than he can at -others." - -"There is one thing, Emma, which a man can always do, if he chuses, and -that is, his duty; not by manoeuvring and finessing, but by vigour and -resolution. It is Frank Churchill's duty to pay this attention to his -father. He knows it to be so, by his promises and messages; but if he -wished to do it, it might be done. A man who felt rightly would say at -once, simply and resolutely, to Mrs. Churchill--'Every sacrifice of -mere pleasure you will always find me ready to make to your convenience; -but I must go and see my father immediately. I know he would be hurt by -my failing in such a mark of respect to him on the present occasion. -I shall, therefore, set off to-morrow.'--If he would say so to her -at once, in the tone of decision becoming a man, there would be no -opposition made to his going." - -"No," said Emma, laughing; "but perhaps there might be some made to his -coming back again. Such language for a young man entirely dependent, to -use!--Nobody but you, Mr. Knightley, would imagine it possible. But you -have not an idea of what is requisite in situations directly opposite to -your own. Mr. Frank Churchill to be making such a speech as that to -the uncle and aunt, who have brought him up, and are to provide for -him!--Standing up in the middle of the room, I suppose, and speaking as -loud as he could!--How can you imagine such conduct practicable?" - -"Depend upon it, Emma, a sensible man would find no difficulty in it. He -would feel himself in the right; and the declaration--made, of course, -as a man of sense would make it, in a proper manner--would do him more -good, raise him higher, fix his interest stronger with the people he -depended on, than all that a line of shifts and expedients can ever do. -Respect would be added to affection. They would feel that they could -trust him; that the nephew who had done rightly by his father, would do -rightly by them; for they know, as well as he does, as well as all the -world must know, that he ought to pay this visit to his father; and -while meanly exerting their power to delay it, are in their hearts not -thinking the better of him for submitting to their whims. Respect for -right conduct is felt by every body. If he would act in this sort of -manner, on principle, consistently, regularly, their little minds would -bend to his." - -"I rather doubt that. You are very fond of bending little minds; but -where little minds belong to rich people in authority, I think they have -a knack of swelling out, till they are quite as unmanageable as great -ones. I can imagine, that if you, as you are, Mr. Knightley, were to be -transported and placed all at once in Mr. Frank Churchill's situation, -you would be able to say and do just what you have been recommending for -him; and it might have a very good effect. The Churchills might not have -a word to say in return; but then, you would have no habits of early -obedience and long observance to break through. To him who has, it might -not be so easy to burst forth at once into perfect independence, and set -all their claims on his gratitude and regard at nought. He may have as -strong a sense of what would be right, as you can have, without being so -equal, under particular circumstances, to act up to it." - -"Then it would not be so strong a sense. If it failed to produce equal -exertion, it could not be an equal conviction." - -"Oh, the difference of situation and habit! I wish you would try to -understand what an amiable young man may be likely to feel in directly -opposing those, whom as child and boy he has been looking up to all his -life." - -"Our amiable young man is a very weak young man, if this be the first -occasion of his carrying through a resolution to do right against the -will of others. It ought to have been a habit with him by this time, of -following his duty, instead of consulting expediency. I can allow for -the fears of the child, but not of the man. As he became rational, he -ought to have roused himself and shaken off all that was unworthy in -their authority. He ought to have opposed the first attempt on their -side to make him slight his father. Had he begun as he ought, there -would have been no difficulty now." - -"We shall never agree about him," cried Emma; "but that is nothing -extraordinary. I have not the least idea of his being a weak young man: -I feel sure that he is not. Mr. Weston would not be blind to folly, -though in his own son; but he is very likely to have a more yielding, -complying, mild disposition than would suit your notions of man's -perfection. I dare say he has; and though it may cut him off from some -advantages, it will secure him many others." - -"Yes; all the advantages of sitting still when he ought to move, and -of leading a life of mere idle pleasure, and fancying himself extremely -expert in finding excuses for it. He can sit down and write a fine -flourishing letter, full of professions and falsehoods, and persuade -himself that he has hit upon the very best method in the world of -preserving peace at home and preventing his father's having any right to -complain. His letters disgust me." - -"Your feelings are singular. They seem to satisfy every body else." - -"I suspect they do not satisfy Mrs. Weston. They hardly can satisfy -a woman of her good sense and quick feelings: standing in a mother's -place, but without a mother's affection to blind her. It is on her -account that attention to Randalls is doubly due, and she must doubly -feel the omission. Had she been a person of consequence herself, he -would have come I dare say; and it would not have signified whether -he did or no. Can you think your friend behindhand in these sort of -considerations? Do you suppose she does not often say all this to -herself? No, Emma, your amiable young man can be amiable only in French, -not in English. He may be very 'aimable,' have very good manners, and be -very agreeable; but he can have no English delicacy towards the feelings -of other people: nothing really amiable about him." - -"You seem determined to think ill of him." - -"Me!--not at all," replied Mr. Knightley, rather displeased; "I do not -want to think ill of him. I should be as ready to acknowledge his merits -as any other man; but I hear of none, except what are merely personal; -that he is well-grown and good-looking, with smooth, plausible manners." - -"Well, if he have nothing else to recommend him, he will be a treasure -at Highbury. We do not often look upon fine young men, well-bred and -agreeable. We must not be nice and ask for all the virtues into the -bargain. Cannot you imagine, Mr. Knightley, what a _sensation_ his -coming will produce? There will be but one subject throughout the -parishes of Donwell and Highbury; but one interest--one object of -curiosity; it will be all Mr. Frank Churchill; we shall think and speak -of nobody else." - -"You will excuse my being so much over-powered. If I find him -conversable, I shall be glad of his acquaintance; but if he is only a -chattering coxcomb, he will not occupy much of my time or thoughts." - -"My idea of him is, that he can adapt his conversation to the taste of -every body, and has the power as well as the wish of being universally -agreeable. To you, he will talk of farming; to me, of drawing or music; -and so on to every body, having that general information on all subjects -which will enable him to follow the lead, or take the lead, just as -propriety may require, and to speak extremely well on each; that is my -idea of him." - -"And mine," said Mr. Knightley warmly, "is, that if he turn out any -thing like it, he will be the most insufferable fellow breathing! What! -at three-and-twenty to be the king of his company--the great man--the -practised politician, who is to read every body's character, and make -every body's talents conduce to the display of his own superiority; to -be dispensing his flatteries around, that he may make all appear like -fools compared with himself! My dear Emma, your own good sense could not -endure such a puppy when it came to the point." - -"I will say no more about him," cried Emma, "you turn every thing to -evil. We are both prejudiced; you against, I for him; and we have no -chance of agreeing till he is really here." - -"Prejudiced! I am not prejudiced." - -"But I am very much, and without being at all ashamed of it. My love for -Mr. and Mrs. Weston gives me a decided prejudice in his favour." - -"He is a person I never think of from one month's end to another," said -Mr. Knightley, with a degree of vexation, which made Emma immediately -talk of something else, though she could not comprehend why he should be -angry. - -To take a dislike to a young man, only because he appeared to be of a -different disposition from himself, was unworthy the real liberality of -mind which she was always used to acknowledge in him; for with all the -high opinion of himself, which she had often laid to his charge, she had -never before for a moment supposed it could make him unjust to the merit -of another. - - - - -VOLUME II - - - -CHAPTER I - - -Emma and Harriet had been walking together one morning, and, in Emma's -opinion, had been talking enough of Mr. Elton for that day. She could -not think that Harriet's solace or her own sins required more; and -she was therefore industriously getting rid of the subject as they -returned;--but it burst out again when she thought she had succeeded, -and after speaking some time of what the poor must suffer in winter, and -receiving no other answer than a very plaintive--"Mr. Elton is so good -to the poor!" she found something else must be done. - -They were just approaching the house where lived Mrs. and Miss Bates. -She determined to call upon them and seek safety in numbers. There was -always sufficient reason for such an attention; Mrs. and Miss Bates -loved to be called on, and she knew she was considered by the very few -who presumed ever to see imperfection in her, as rather negligent in -that respect, and as not contributing what she ought to the stock of -their scanty comforts. - -She had had many a hint from Mr. Knightley and some from her own heart, -as to her deficiency--but none were equal to counteract the persuasion -of its being very disagreeable,--a waste of time--tiresome women--and -all the horror of being in danger of falling in with the second-rate and -third-rate of Highbury, who were calling on them for ever, and therefore -she seldom went near them. But now she made the sudden resolution of not -passing their door without going in--observing, as she proposed it to -Harriet, that, as well as she could calculate, they were just now quite -safe from any letter from Jane Fairfax. - -The house belonged to people in business. Mrs. and Miss Bates occupied -the drawing-room floor; and there, in the very moderate-sized apartment, -which was every thing to them, the visitors were most cordially and even -gratefully welcomed; the quiet neat old lady, who with her knitting was -seated in the warmest corner, wanting even to give up her place to -Miss Woodhouse, and her more active, talking daughter, almost ready -to overpower them with care and kindness, thanks for their visit, -solicitude for their shoes, anxious inquiries after Mr. Woodhouse's -health, cheerful communications about her mother's, and sweet-cake from -the beaufet--"Mrs. Cole had just been there, just called in for ten -minutes, and had been so good as to sit an hour with them, and _she_ had -taken a piece of cake and been so kind as to say she liked it very much; -and, therefore, she hoped Miss Woodhouse and Miss Smith would do them -the favour to eat a piece too." - -The mention of the Coles was sure to be followed by that of Mr. Elton. -There was intimacy between them, and Mr. Cole had heard from Mr. Elton -since his going away. Emma knew what was coming; they must have the -letter over again, and settle how long he had been gone, and how much -he was engaged in company, and what a favourite he was wherever he went, -and how full the Master of the Ceremonies' ball had been; and she went -through it very well, with all the interest and all the commendation -that could be requisite, and always putting forward to prevent Harriet's -being obliged to say a word. - -This she had been prepared for when she entered the house; but meant, -having once talked him handsomely over, to be no farther incommoded by -any troublesome topic, and to wander at large amongst all the Mistresses -and Misses of Highbury, and their card-parties. She had not been -prepared to have Jane Fairfax succeed Mr. Elton; but he was actually -hurried off by Miss Bates, she jumped away from him at last abruptly to -the Coles, to usher in a letter from her niece. - -"Oh! yes--Mr. Elton, I understand--certainly as to dancing--Mrs. Cole -was telling me that dancing at the rooms at Bath was--Mrs. Cole was so -kind as to sit some time with us, talking of Jane; for as soon as -she came in, she began inquiring after her, Jane is so very great a -favourite there. Whenever she is with us, Mrs. Cole does not know how to -shew her kindness enough; and I must say that Jane deserves it as much -as any body can. And so she began inquiring after her directly, saying, -'I know you cannot have heard from Jane lately, because it is not her -time for writing;' and when I immediately said, 'But indeed we have, we -had a letter this very morning,' I do not know that I ever saw any body -more surprized. 'Have you, upon your honour?' said she; 'well, that is -quite unexpected. Do let me hear what she says.'" - -Emma's politeness was at hand directly, to say, with smiling interest-- - -"Have you heard from Miss Fairfax so lately? I am extremely happy. I -hope she is well?" - -"Thank you. You are so kind!" replied the happily deceived aunt, while -eagerly hunting for the letter.--"Oh! here it is. I was sure it could -not be far off; but I had put my huswife upon it, you see, without being -aware, and so it was quite hid, but I had it in my hand so very lately -that I was almost sure it must be on the table. I was reading it to Mrs. -Cole, and since she went away, I was reading it again to my mother, for -it is such a pleasure to her--a letter from Jane--that she can never -hear it often enough; so I knew it could not be far off, and here it is, -only just under my huswife--and since you are so kind as to wish to hear -what she says;--but, first of all, I really must, in justice to -Jane, apologise for her writing so short a letter--only two pages you -see--hardly two--and in general she fills the whole paper and crosses -half. My mother often wonders that I can make it out so well. She often -says, when the letter is first opened, 'Well, Hetty, now I think -you will be put to it to make out all that checker-work'--don't you, -ma'am?--And then I tell her, I am sure she would contrive to make it out -herself, if she had nobody to do it for her--every word of it--I am sure -she would pore over it till she had made out every word. And, indeed, -though my mother's eyes are not so good as they were, she can see -amazingly well still, thank God! with the help of spectacles. It is such -a blessing! My mother's are really very good indeed. Jane often says, -when she is here, 'I am sure, grandmama, you must have had very strong -eyes to see as you do--and so much fine work as you have done too!--I -only wish my eyes may last me as well.'" - -All this spoken extremely fast obliged Miss Bates to stop for breath; -and Emma said something very civil about the excellence of Miss -Fairfax's handwriting. - -"You are extremely kind," replied Miss Bates, highly gratified; "you who -are such a judge, and write so beautifully yourself. I am sure there is -nobody's praise that could give us so much pleasure as Miss Woodhouse's. -My mother does not hear; she is a little deaf you know. Ma'am," -addressing her, "do you hear what Miss Woodhouse is so obliging to say -about Jane's handwriting?" - -And Emma had the advantage of hearing her own silly compliment repeated -twice over before the good old lady could comprehend it. She was -pondering, in the meanwhile, upon the possibility, without seeming very -rude, of making her escape from Jane Fairfax's letter, and had almost -resolved on hurrying away directly under some slight excuse, when Miss -Bates turned to her again and seized her attention. - -"My mother's deafness is very trifling you see--just nothing at all. By -only raising my voice, and saying any thing two or three times over, -she is sure to hear; but then she is used to my voice. But it is very -remarkable that she should always hear Jane better than she does me. -Jane speaks so distinct! However, she will not find her grandmama at all -deafer than she was two years ago; which is saying a great deal at my -mother's time of life--and it really is full two years, you know, since -she was here. We never were so long without seeing her before, and as -I was telling Mrs. Cole, we shall hardly know how to make enough of her -now." - -"Are you expecting Miss Fairfax here soon?" - -"Oh yes; next week." - -"Indeed!--that must be a very great pleasure." - -"Thank you. You are very kind. Yes, next week. Every body is so -surprized; and every body says the same obliging things. I am sure she -will be as happy to see her friends at Highbury, as they can be to see -her. Yes, Friday or Saturday; she cannot say which, because Colonel -Campbell will be wanting the carriage himself one of those days. So very -good of them to send her the whole way! But they always do, you know. Oh -yes, Friday or Saturday next. That is what she writes about. That is -the reason of her writing out of rule, as we call it; for, in the -common course, we should not have heard from her before next Tuesday or -Wednesday." - -"Yes, so I imagined. I was afraid there could be little chance of my -hearing any thing of Miss Fairfax to-day." - -"So obliging of you! No, we should not have heard, if it had not been -for this particular circumstance, of her being to come here so soon. My -mother is so delighted!--for she is to be three months with us at -least. Three months, she says so, positively, as I am going to have the -pleasure of reading to you. The case is, you see, that the Campbells are -going to Ireland. Mrs. Dixon has persuaded her father and mother to come -over and see her directly. They had not intended to go over till the -summer, but she is so impatient to see them again--for till she married, -last October, she was never away from them so much as a week, which must -make it very strange to be in different kingdoms, I was going to say, -but however different countries, and so she wrote a very urgent letter -to her mother--or her father, I declare I do not know which it was, but -we shall see presently in Jane's letter--wrote in Mr. Dixon's name as -well as her own, to press their coming over directly, and they would -give them the meeting in Dublin, and take them back to their country -seat, Baly-craig, a beautiful place, I fancy. Jane has heard a great -deal of its beauty; from Mr. Dixon, I mean--I do not know that she ever -heard about it from any body else; but it was very natural, you know, -that he should like to speak of his own place while he was paying his -addresses--and as Jane used to be very often walking out with them--for -Colonel and Mrs. Campbell were very particular about their daughter's -not walking out often with only Mr. Dixon, for which I do not at all -blame them; of course she heard every thing he might be telling Miss -Campbell about his own home in Ireland; and I think she wrote us word -that he had shewn them some drawings of the place, views that he had -taken himself. He is a most amiable, charming young man, I believe. Jane -was quite longing to go to Ireland, from his account of things." - -At this moment, an ingenious and animating suspicion entering Emma's -brain with regard to Jane Fairfax, this charming Mr. Dixon, and the -not going to Ireland, she said, with the insidious design of farther -discovery, - -"You must feel it very fortunate that Miss Fairfax should be allowed to -come to you at such a time. Considering the very particular friendship -between her and Mrs. Dixon, you could hardly have expected her to be -excused from accompanying Colonel and Mrs. Campbell." - -"Very true, very true, indeed. The very thing that we have always been -rather afraid of; for we should not have liked to have her at such a -distance from us, for months together--not able to come if any thing was -to happen. But you see, every thing turns out for the best. They want -her (Mr. and Mrs. Dixon) excessively to come over with Colonel and Mrs. -Campbell; quite depend upon it; nothing can be more kind or pressing -than their _joint_ invitation, Jane says, as you will hear presently; -Mr. Dixon does not seem in the least backward in any attention. He is -a most charming young man. Ever since the service he rendered Jane at -Weymouth, when they were out in that party on the water, and she, by the -sudden whirling round of something or other among the sails, would have -been dashed into the sea at once, and actually was all but gone, if he -had not, with the greatest presence of mind, caught hold of her habit-- -(I can never think of it without trembling!)--But ever since we had the -history of that day, I have been so fond of Mr. Dixon!" - -"But, in spite of all her friends' urgency, and her own wish of seeing -Ireland, Miss Fairfax prefers devoting the time to you and Mrs. Bates?" - -"Yes--entirely her own doing, entirely her own choice; and Colonel -and Mrs. Campbell think she does quite right, just what they should -recommend; and indeed they particularly _wish_ her to try her native -air, as she has not been quite so well as usual lately." - -"I am concerned to hear of it. I think they judge wisely. But Mrs. -Dixon must be very much disappointed. Mrs. Dixon, I understand, has -no remarkable degree of personal beauty; is not, by any means, to be -compared with Miss Fairfax." - -"Oh! no. You are very obliging to say such things--but certainly not. -There is no comparison between them. Miss Campbell always was absolutely -plain--but extremely elegant and amiable." - -"Yes, that of course." - -"Jane caught a bad cold, poor thing! so long ago as the 7th of November, -(as I am going to read to you,) and has never been well since. A long -time, is not it, for a cold to hang upon her? She never mentioned -it before, because she would not alarm us. Just like her! so -considerate!--But however, she is so far from well, that her kind -friends the Campbells think she had better come home, and try an air -that always agrees with her; and they have no doubt that three or four -months at Highbury will entirely cure her--and it is certainly a great -deal better that she should come here, than go to Ireland, if she is -unwell. Nobody could nurse her, as we should do." - -"It appears to me the most desirable arrangement in the world." - -"And so she is to come to us next Friday or Saturday, and the Campbells -leave town in their way to Holyhead the Monday following--as you will -find from Jane's letter. So sudden!--You may guess, dear Miss Woodhouse, -what a flurry it has thrown me in! If it was not for the drawback of -her illness--but I am afraid we must expect to see her grown thin, and -looking very poorly. I must tell you what an unlucky thing happened to -me, as to that. I always make a point of reading Jane's letters through -to myself first, before I read them aloud to my mother, you know, for -fear of there being any thing in them to distress her. Jane desired me -to do it, so I always do: and so I began to-day with my usual caution; -but no sooner did I come to the mention of her being unwell, than I -burst out, quite frightened, with 'Bless me! poor Jane is ill!'--which -my mother, being on the watch, heard distinctly, and was sadly alarmed -at. However, when I read on, I found it was not near so bad as I had -fancied at first; and I make so light of it now to her, that she does -not think much about it. But I cannot imagine how I could be so off my -guard. If Jane does not get well soon, we will call in Mr. Perry. The -expense shall not be thought of; and though he is so liberal, and so -fond of Jane that I dare say he would not mean to charge any thing for -attendance, we could not suffer it to be so, you know. He has a wife and -family to maintain, and is not to be giving away his time. Well, now I -have just given you a hint of what Jane writes about, we will turn to -her letter, and I am sure she tells her own story a great deal better -than I can tell it for her." - -"I am afraid we must be running away," said Emma, glancing at Harriet, -and beginning to rise--"My father will be expecting us. I had no -intention, I thought I had no power of staying more than five minutes, -when I first entered the house. I merely called, because I would not -pass the door without inquiring after Mrs. Bates; but I have been so -pleasantly detained! Now, however, we must wish you and Mrs. Bates good -morning." - -And not all that could be urged to detain her succeeded. She regained -the street--happy in this, that though much had been forced on her -against her will, though she had in fact heard the whole substance of -Jane Fairfax's letter, she had been able to escape the letter itself. - - - -CHAPTER II - - -Jane Fairfax was an orphan, the only child of Mrs. Bates's youngest -daughter. - -The marriage of Lieut. Fairfax of the ----regiment of infantry, -and Miss Jane Bates, had had its day of fame and pleasure, hope -and interest; but nothing now remained of it, save the melancholy -remembrance of him dying in action abroad--of his widow sinking under -consumption and grief soon afterwards--and this girl. - -By birth she belonged to Highbury: and when at three years old, on -losing her mother, she became the property, the charge, the consolation, -the fondling of her grandmother and aunt, there had seemed every -probability of her being permanently fixed there; of her being taught -only what very limited means could command, and growing up with no -advantages of connexion or improvement, to be engrafted on what -nature had given her in a pleasing person, good understanding, and -warm-hearted, well-meaning relations. - -But the compassionate feelings of a friend of her father gave a change -to her destiny. This was Colonel Campbell, who had very highly regarded -Fairfax, as an excellent officer and most deserving young man; and -farther, had been indebted to him for such attentions, during a severe -camp-fever, as he believed had saved his life. These were claims which -he did not learn to overlook, though some years passed away from the -death of poor Fairfax, before his own return to England put any thing in -his power. When he did return, he sought out the child and took notice -of her. He was a married man, with only one living child, a girl, about -Jane's age: and Jane became their guest, paying them long visits and -growing a favourite with all; and before she was nine years old, his -daughter's great fondness for her, and his own wish of being a real -friend, united to produce an offer from Colonel Campbell of undertaking -the whole charge of her education. It was accepted; and from that period -Jane had belonged to Colonel Campbell's family, and had lived with them -entirely, only visiting her grandmother from time to time. - -The plan was that she should be brought up for educating others; the -very few hundred pounds which she inherited from her father making -independence impossible. To provide for her otherwise was out of Colonel -Campbell's power; for though his income, by pay and appointments, was -handsome, his fortune was moderate and must be all his daughter's; -but, by giving her an education, he hoped to be supplying the means of -respectable subsistence hereafter. - -Such was Jane Fairfax's history. She had fallen into good hands, known -nothing but kindness from the Campbells, and been given an excellent -education. Living constantly with right-minded and well-informed people, -her heart and understanding had received every advantage of discipline -and culture; and Colonel Campbell's residence being in London, every -lighter talent had been done full justice to, by the attendance of -first-rate masters. Her disposition and abilities were equally worthy -of all that friendship could do; and at eighteen or nineteen she was, -as far as such an early age can be qualified for the care of children, -fully competent to the office of instruction herself; but she was too -much beloved to be parted with. Neither father nor mother could promote, -and the daughter could not endure it. The evil day was put off. It was -easy to decide that she was still too young; and Jane remained with -them, sharing, as another daughter, in all the rational pleasures of -an elegant society, and a judicious mixture of home and amusement, with -only the drawback of the future, the sobering suggestions of her own -good understanding to remind her that all this might soon be over. - -The affection of the whole family, the warm attachment of Miss -Campbell in particular, was the more honourable to each party from -the circumstance of Jane's decided superiority both in beauty and -acquirements. That nature had given it in feature could not be unseen -by the young woman, nor could her higher powers of mind be unfelt by the -parents. They continued together with unabated regard however, till the -marriage of Miss Campbell, who by that chance, that luck which so often -defies anticipation in matrimonial affairs, giving attraction to what is -moderate rather than to what is superior, engaged the affections of -Mr. Dixon, a young man, rich and agreeable, almost as soon as they were -acquainted; and was eligibly and happily settled, while Jane Fairfax had -yet her bread to earn. - -This event had very lately taken place; too lately for any thing to be -yet attempted by her less fortunate friend towards entering on her path -of duty; though she had now reached the age which her own judgment had -fixed on for beginning. She had long resolved that one-and-twenty -should be the period. With the fortitude of a devoted novitiate, she had -resolved at one-and-twenty to complete the sacrifice, and retire from -all the pleasures of life, of rational intercourse, equal society, peace -and hope, to penance and mortification for ever. - -The good sense of Colonel and Mrs. Campbell could not oppose such -a resolution, though their feelings did. As long as they lived, no -exertions would be necessary, their home might be hers for ever; and for -their own comfort they would have retained her wholly; but this would -be selfishness:--what must be at last, had better be soon. Perhaps they -began to feel it might have been kinder and wiser to have resisted the -temptation of any delay, and spared her from a taste of such enjoyments -of ease and leisure as must now be relinquished. Still, however, -affection was glad to catch at any reasonable excuse for not hurrying -on the wretched moment. She had never been quite well since the time of -their daughter's marriage; and till she should have completely recovered -her usual strength, they must forbid her engaging in duties, which, so -far from being compatible with a weakened frame and varying spirits, -seemed, under the most favourable circumstances, to require something -more than human perfection of body and mind to be discharged with -tolerable comfort. - -With regard to her not accompanying them to Ireland, her account to her -aunt contained nothing but truth, though there might be some truths -not told. It was her own choice to give the time of their absence to -Highbury; to spend, perhaps, her last months of perfect liberty with -those kind relations to whom she was so very dear: and the Campbells, -whatever might be their motive or motives, whether single, or double, or -treble, gave the arrangement their ready sanction, and said, that they -depended more on a few months spent in her native air, for the recovery -of her health, than on any thing else. Certain it was that she was to -come; and that Highbury, instead of welcoming that perfect novelty which -had been so long promised it--Mr. Frank Churchill--must put up for the -present with Jane Fairfax, who could bring only the freshness of a two -years' absence. - -Emma was sorry;--to have to pay civilities to a person she did not like -through three long months!--to be always doing more than she wished, -and less than she ought! Why she did not like Jane Fairfax might be a -difficult question to answer; Mr. Knightley had once told her it was -because she saw in her the really accomplished young woman, which she -wanted to be thought herself; and though the accusation had been eagerly -refuted at the time, there were moments of self-examination in which -her conscience could not quite acquit her. But "she could never get -acquainted with her: she did not know how it was, but there was such -coldness and reserve--such apparent indifference whether she pleased or -not--and then, her aunt was such an eternal talker!--and she was made -such a fuss with by every body!--and it had been always imagined that -they were to be so intimate--because their ages were the same, every -body had supposed they must be so fond of each other." These were her -reasons--she had no better. - -It was a dislike so little just--every imputed fault was so magnified -by fancy, that she never saw Jane Fairfax the first time after any -considerable absence, without feeling that she had injured her; and -now, when the due visit was paid, on her arrival, after a two years' -interval, she was particularly struck with the very appearance and -manners, which for those two whole years she had been depreciating. Jane -Fairfax was very elegant, remarkably elegant; and she had herself the -highest value for elegance. Her height was pretty, just such as almost -every body would think tall, and nobody could think very tall; her -figure particularly graceful; her size a most becoming medium, between -fat and thin, though a slight appearance of ill-health seemed to point -out the likeliest evil of the two. Emma could not but feel all this; and -then, her face--her features--there was more beauty in them altogether -than she had remembered; it was not regular, but it was very pleasing -beauty. Her eyes, a deep grey, with dark eye-lashes and eyebrows, had -never been denied their praise; but the skin, which she had been used to -cavil at, as wanting colour, had a clearness and delicacy which really -needed no fuller bloom. It was a style of beauty, of which elegance was -the reigning character, and as such, she must, in honour, by all her -principles, admire it:--elegance, which, whether of person or of mind, -she saw so little in Highbury. There, not to be vulgar, was distinction, -and merit. - -In short, she sat, during the first visit, looking at Jane Fairfax with -twofold complacency; the sense of pleasure and the sense of rendering -justice, and was determining that she would dislike her no longer. When -she took in her history, indeed, her situation, as well as her beauty; -when she considered what all this elegance was destined to, what she was -going to sink from, how she was going to live, it seemed impossible -to feel any thing but compassion and respect; especially, if to every -well-known particular entitling her to interest, were added the highly -probable circumstance of an attachment to Mr. Dixon, which she had -so naturally started to herself. In that case, nothing could be more -pitiable or more honourable than the sacrifices she had resolved on. -Emma was very willing now to acquit her of having seduced Mr. Dixon's -actions from his wife, or of any thing mischievous which her imagination -had suggested at first. If it were love, it might be simple, single, -successless love on her side alone. She might have been unconsciously -sucking in the sad poison, while a sharer of his conversation with her -friend; and from the best, the purest of motives, might now be -denying herself this visit to Ireland, and resolving to divide herself -effectually from him and his connexions by soon beginning her career of -laborious duty. - -Upon the whole, Emma left her with such softened, charitable feelings, -as made her look around in walking home, and lament that Highbury -afforded no young man worthy of giving her independence; nobody that she -could wish to scheme about for her. - -These were charming feelings--but not lasting. Before she had committed -herself by any public profession of eternal friendship for Jane Fairfax, -or done more towards a recantation of past prejudices and errors, than -saying to Mr. Knightley, "She certainly is handsome; she is better than -handsome!" Jane had spent an evening at Hartfield with her grandmother -and aunt, and every thing was relapsing much into its usual state. -Former provocations reappeared. The aunt was as tiresome as ever; more -tiresome, because anxiety for her health was now added to admiration -of her powers; and they had to listen to the description of exactly how -little bread and butter she ate for breakfast, and how small a slice -of mutton for dinner, as well as to see exhibitions of new caps and new -workbags for her mother and herself; and Jane's offences rose again. -They had music; Emma was obliged to play; and the thanks and praise -which necessarily followed appeared to her an affectation of candour, an -air of greatness, meaning only to shew off in higher style her own very -superior performance. She was, besides, which was the worst of all, so -cold, so cautious! There was no getting at her real opinion. Wrapt up in -a cloak of politeness, she seemed determined to hazard nothing. She was -disgustingly, was suspiciously reserved. - -If any thing could be more, where all was most, she was more reserved on -the subject of Weymouth and the Dixons than any thing. She seemed bent -on giving no real insight into Mr. Dixon's character, or her own value -for his company, or opinion of the suitableness of the match. It was all -general approbation and smoothness; nothing delineated or distinguished. -It did her no service however. Her caution was thrown away. Emma saw -its artifice, and returned to her first surmises. There probably _was_ -something more to conceal than her own preference; Mr. Dixon, perhaps, -had been very near changing one friend for the other, or been fixed only -to Miss Campbell, for the sake of the future twelve thousand pounds. - -The like reserve prevailed on other topics. She and Mr. Frank Churchill -had been at Weymouth at the same time. It was known that they were a -little acquainted; but not a syllable of real information could Emma -procure as to what he truly was. "Was he handsome?"--"She believed -he was reckoned a very fine young man." "Was he agreeable?"--"He was -generally thought so." "Did he appear a sensible young man; a young -man of information?"--"At a watering-place, or in a common London -acquaintance, it was difficult to decide on such points. Manners were -all that could be safely judged of, under a much longer knowledge than -they had yet had of Mr. Churchill. She believed every body found his -manners pleasing." Emma could not forgive her. - - - -CHAPTER III - - -Emma could not forgive her;--but as neither provocation nor resentment -were discerned by Mr. Knightley, who had been of the party, and had -seen only proper attention and pleasing behaviour on each side, he was -expressing the next morning, being at Hartfield again on business with -Mr. Woodhouse, his approbation of the whole; not so openly as he might -have done had her father been out of the room, but speaking plain enough -to be very intelligible to Emma. He had been used to think her unjust to -Jane, and had now great pleasure in marking an improvement. - -"A very pleasant evening," he began, as soon as Mr. Woodhouse had been -talked into what was necessary, told that he understood, and the papers -swept away;--"particularly pleasant. You and Miss Fairfax gave us some -very good music. I do not know a more luxurious state, sir, than sitting -at one's ease to be entertained a whole evening by two such young women; -sometimes with music and sometimes with conversation. I am sure Miss -Fairfax must have found the evening pleasant, Emma. You left nothing -undone. I was glad you made her play so much, for having no instrument -at her grandmother's, it must have been a real indulgence." - -"I am happy you approved," said Emma, smiling; "but I hope I am not -often deficient in what is due to guests at Hartfield." - -"No, my dear," said her father instantly; "_that_ I am sure you are not. -There is nobody half so attentive and civil as you are. If any thing, -you are too attentive. The muffin last night--if it had been handed -round once, I think it would have been enough." - -"No," said Mr. Knightley, nearly at the same time; "you are not often -deficient; not often deficient either in manner or comprehension. I -think you understand me, therefore." - -An arch look expressed--"I understand you well enough;" but she said -only, "Miss Fairfax is reserved." - -"I always told you she was--a little; but you will soon overcome all -that part of her reserve which ought to be overcome, all that has its -foundation in diffidence. What arises from discretion must be honoured." - -"You think her diffident. I do not see it." - -"My dear Emma," said he, moving from his chair into one close by her, -"you are not going to tell me, I hope, that you had not a pleasant -evening." - -"Oh! no; I was pleased with my own perseverance in asking questions; and -amused to think how little information I obtained." - -"I am disappointed," was his only answer. - -"I hope every body had a pleasant evening," said Mr. Woodhouse, in his -quiet way. "I had. Once, I felt the fire rather too much; but then I -moved back my chair a little, a very little, and it did not disturb me. -Miss Bates was very chatty and good-humoured, as she always is, though -she speaks rather too quick. However, she is very agreeable, and Mrs. -Bates too, in a different way. I like old friends; and Miss Jane -Fairfax is a very pretty sort of young lady, a very pretty and a -very well-behaved young lady indeed. She must have found the evening -agreeable, Mr. Knightley, because she had Emma." - -"True, sir; and Emma, because she had Miss Fairfax." - -Emma saw his anxiety, and wishing to appease it, at least for the -present, said, and with a sincerity which no one could question-- - -"She is a sort of elegant creature that one cannot keep one's eyes from. -I am always watching her to admire; and I do pity her from my heart." - -Mr. Knightley looked as if he were more gratified than he cared to -express; and before he could make any reply, Mr. Woodhouse, whose -thoughts were on the Bates's, said-- - -"It is a great pity that their circumstances should be so confined! a -great pity indeed! and I have often wished--but it is so little one can -venture to do--small, trifling presents, of any thing uncommon--Now we -have killed a porker, and Emma thinks of sending them a loin or a leg; -it is very small and delicate--Hartfield pork is not like any other -pork--but still it is pork--and, my dear Emma, unless one could be sure -of their making it into steaks, nicely fried, as ours are fried, without -the smallest grease, and not roast it, for no stomach can bear roast -pork--I think we had better send the leg--do not you think so, my dear?" - -"My dear papa, I sent the whole hind-quarter. I knew you would wish it. -There will be the leg to be salted, you know, which is so very nice, and -the loin to be dressed directly in any manner they like." - -"That's right, my dear, very right. I had not thought of it before, but -that is the best way. They must not over-salt the leg; and then, if it -is not over-salted, and if it is very thoroughly boiled, just as Serle -boils ours, and eaten very moderately of, with a boiled turnip, and a -little carrot or parsnip, I do not consider it unwholesome." - -"Emma," said Mr. Knightley presently, "I have a piece of news for you. -You like news--and I heard an article in my way hither that I think will -interest you." - -"News! Oh! yes, I always like news. What is it?--why do you smile -so?--where did you hear it?--at Randalls?" - -He had time only to say, - -"No, not at Randalls; I have not been near Randalls," when the door was -thrown open, and Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax walked into the room. Full -of thanks, and full of news, Miss Bates knew not which to give quickest. -Mr. Knightley soon saw that he had lost his moment, and that not another -syllable of communication could rest with him. - -"Oh! my dear sir, how are you this morning? My dear Miss Woodhouse--I -come quite over-powered. Such a beautiful hind-quarter of pork! You -are too bountiful! Have you heard the news? Mr. Elton is going to be -married." - -Emma had not had time even to think of Mr. Elton, and she was so -completely surprized that she could not avoid a little start, and a -little blush, at the sound. - -"There is my news:--I thought it would interest you," said Mr. -Knightley, with a smile which implied a conviction of some part of what -had passed between them. - -"But where could _you_ hear it?" cried Miss Bates. "Where could you -possibly hear it, Mr. Knightley? For it is not five minutes since I -received Mrs. Cole's note--no, it cannot be more than five--or at least -ten--for I had got my bonnet and spencer on, just ready to come out--I -was only gone down to speak to Patty again about the pork--Jane was -standing in the passage--were not you, Jane?--for my mother was so -afraid that we had not any salting-pan large enough. So I said I would -go down and see, and Jane said, 'Shall I go down instead? for I think -you have a little cold, and Patty has been washing the kitchen.'--'Oh! -my dear,' said I--well, and just then came the note. A Miss -Hawkins--that's all I know. A Miss Hawkins of Bath. But, Mr. Knightley, -how could you possibly have heard it? for the very moment Mr. Cole told -Mrs. Cole of it, she sat down and wrote to me. A Miss Hawkins--" - -"I was with Mr. Cole on business an hour and a half ago. He had just -read Elton's letter as I was shewn in, and handed it to me directly." - -"Well! that is quite--I suppose there never was a piece of news more -generally interesting. My dear sir, you really are too bountiful. My -mother desires her very best compliments and regards, and a thousand -thanks, and says you really quite oppress her." - -"We consider our Hartfield pork," replied Mr. Woodhouse--"indeed it -certainly is, so very superior to all other pork, that Emma and I cannot -have a greater pleasure than--" - -"Oh! my dear sir, as my mother says, our friends are only too good -to us. If ever there were people who, without having great wealth -themselves, had every thing they could wish for, I am sure it is us. -We may well say that 'our lot is cast in a goodly heritage.' Well, Mr. -Knightley, and so you actually saw the letter; well--" - -"It was short--merely to announce--but cheerful, exulting, of course."-- -Here was a sly glance at Emma. "He had been so fortunate as to--I forget -the precise words--one has no business to remember them. The information -was, as you state, that he was going to be married to a Miss Hawkins. By -his style, I should imagine it just settled." - -"Mr. Elton going to be married!" said Emma, as soon as she could speak. -"He will have every body's wishes for his happiness." - -"He is very young to settle," was Mr. Woodhouse's observation. "He had -better not be in a hurry. He seemed to me very well off as he was. We -were always glad to see him at Hartfield." - -"A new neighbour for us all, Miss Woodhouse!" said Miss Bates, joyfully; -"my mother is so pleased!--she says she cannot bear to have the poor old -Vicarage without a mistress. This is great news, indeed. Jane, you have -never seen Mr. Elton!--no wonder that you have such a curiosity to see -him." - -Jane's curiosity did not appear of that absorbing nature as wholly to -occupy her. - -"No--I have never seen Mr. Elton," she replied, starting on this appeal; -"is he--is he a tall man?" - -"Who shall answer that question?" cried Emma. "My father would say -'yes,' Mr. Knightley 'no;' and Miss Bates and I that he is just the -happy medium. When you have been here a little longer, Miss Fairfax, -you will understand that Mr. Elton is the standard of perfection in -Highbury, both in person and mind." - -"Very true, Miss Woodhouse, so she will. He is the very best young -man--But, my dear Jane, if you remember, I told you yesterday he -was precisely the height of Mr. Perry. Miss Hawkins,--I dare say, an -excellent young woman. His extreme attention to my mother--wanting -her to sit in the vicarage pew, that she might hear the better, for my -mother is a little deaf, you know--it is not much, but she does not -hear quite quick. Jane says that Colonel Campbell is a little deaf. He -fancied bathing might be good for it--the warm bath--but she says it did -him no lasting benefit. Colonel Campbell, you know, is quite our angel. -And Mr. Dixon seems a very charming young man, quite worthy of him. It -is such a happiness when good people get together--and they always do. -Now, here will be Mr. Elton and Miss Hawkins; and there are the Coles, -such very good people; and the Perrys--I suppose there never was a -happier or a better couple than Mr. and Mrs. Perry. I say, sir," turning -to Mr. Woodhouse, "I think there are few places with such society as -Highbury. I always say, we are quite blessed in our neighbours.--My dear -sir, if there is one thing my mother loves better than another, it is -pork--a roast loin of pork--" - -"As to who, or what Miss Hawkins is, or how long he has been acquainted -with her," said Emma, "nothing I suppose can be known. One feels that it -cannot be a very long acquaintance. He has been gone only four weeks." - -Nobody had any information to give; and, after a few more wonderings, -Emma said, - -"You are silent, Miss Fairfax--but I hope you mean to take an interest -in this news. You, who have been hearing and seeing so much of late -on these subjects, who must have been so deep in the business on Miss -Campbell's account--we shall not excuse your being indifferent about Mr. -Elton and Miss Hawkins." - -"When I have seen Mr. Elton," replied Jane, "I dare say I shall be -interested--but I believe it requires _that_ with me. And as it is some -months since Miss Campbell married, the impression may be a little worn -off." - -"Yes, he has been gone just four weeks, as you observe, Miss Woodhouse," -said Miss Bates, "four weeks yesterday.--A Miss Hawkins!--Well, I had -always rather fancied it would be some young lady hereabouts; not that -I ever--Mrs. Cole once whispered to me--but I immediately said, 'No, Mr. -Elton is a most worthy young man--but'--In short, I do not think I am -particularly quick at those sort of discoveries. I do not pretend to it. -What is before me, I see. At the same time, nobody could wonder if -Mr. Elton should have aspired--Miss Woodhouse lets me chatter on, so -good-humouredly. She knows I would not offend for the world. How does -Miss Smith do? She seems quite recovered now. Have you heard from Mrs. -John Knightley lately? Oh! those dear little children. Jane, do you -know I always fancy Mr. Dixon like Mr. John Knightley. I mean in -person--tall, and with that sort of look--and not very talkative." - -"Quite wrong, my dear aunt; there is no likeness at all." - -"Very odd! but one never does form a just idea of any body beforehand. -One takes up a notion, and runs away with it. Mr. Dixon, you say, is -not, strictly speaking, handsome?" - -"Handsome! Oh! no--far from it--certainly plain. I told you he was -plain." - -"My dear, you said that Miss Campbell would not allow him to be plain, -and that you yourself--" - -"Oh! as for me, my judgment is worth nothing. Where I have a regard, -I always think a person well-looking. But I gave what I believed the -general opinion, when I called him plain." - -"Well, my dear Jane, I believe we must be running away. The weather does -not look well, and grandmama will be uneasy. You are too obliging, my -dear Miss Woodhouse; but we really must take leave. This has been a most -agreeable piece of news indeed. I shall just go round by Mrs. Cole's; -but I shall not stop three minutes: and, Jane, you had better go home -directly--I would not have you out in a shower!--We think she is the -better for Highbury already. Thank you, we do indeed. I shall not -attempt calling on Mrs. Goddard, for I really do not think she cares for -any thing but _boiled_ pork: when we dress the leg it will be another -thing. Good morning to you, my dear sir. Oh! Mr. Knightley is coming -too. Well, that is so very!--I am sure if Jane is tired, you will be -so kind as to give her your arm.--Mr. Elton, and Miss Hawkins!--Good -morning to you." - -Emma, alone with her father, had half her attention wanted by him while -he lamented that young people would be in such a hurry to marry--and to -marry strangers too--and the other half she could give to her own view -of the subject. It was to herself an amusing and a very welcome piece -of news, as proving that Mr. Elton could not have suffered long; but she -was sorry for Harriet: Harriet must feel it--and all that she could hope -was, by giving the first information herself, to save her from hearing -it abruptly from others. It was now about the time that she was likely -to call. If she were to meet Miss Bates in her way!--and upon its -beginning to rain, Emma was obliged to expect that the weather would -be detaining her at Mrs. Goddard's, and that the intelligence would -undoubtedly rush upon her without preparation. - -The shower was heavy, but short; and it had not been over five minutes, -when in came Harriet, with just the heated, agitated look which -hurrying thither with a full heart was likely to give; and the "Oh! Miss -Woodhouse, what do you think has happened!" which instantly burst forth, -had all the evidence of corresponding perturbation. As the blow was -given, Emma felt that she could not now shew greater kindness than in -listening; and Harriet, unchecked, ran eagerly through what she had to -tell. "She had set out from Mrs. Goddard's half an hour ago--she had -been afraid it would rain--she had been afraid it would pour down -every moment--but she thought she might get to Hartfield first--she -had hurried on as fast as possible; but then, as she was passing by the -house where a young woman was making up a gown for her, she thought she -would just step in and see how it went on; and though she did not seem -to stay half a moment there, soon after she came out it began to rain, -and she did not know what to do; so she ran on directly, as fast as -she could, and took shelter at Ford's."--Ford's was the principal -woollen-draper, linen-draper, and haberdasher's shop united; the shop -first in size and fashion in the place.--"And so, there she had -set, without an idea of any thing in the world, full ten minutes, -perhaps--when, all of a sudden, who should come in--to be sure it was -so very odd!--but they always dealt at Ford's--who should come in, but -Elizabeth Martin and her brother!--Dear Miss Woodhouse! only think. I -thought I should have fainted. I did not know what to do. I was sitting -near the door--Elizabeth saw me directly; but he did not; he was busy -with the umbrella. I am sure she saw me, but she looked away directly, -and took no notice; and they both went to quite the farther end of the -shop; and I kept sitting near the door!--Oh! dear; I was so miserable! -I am sure I must have been as white as my gown. I could not go away -you know, because of the rain; but I did so wish myself anywhere in the -world but there.--Oh! dear, Miss Woodhouse--well, at last, I fancy, he -looked round and saw me; for instead of going on with her buyings, they -began whispering to one another. I am sure they were talking of me; and -I could not help thinking that he was persuading her to speak to me--(do -you think he was, Miss Woodhouse?)--for presently she came forward--came -quite up to me, and asked me how I did, and seemed ready to shake hands, -if I would. She did not do any of it in the same way that she used; I -could see she was altered; but, however, she seemed to _try_ to be very -friendly, and we shook hands, and stood talking some time; but I know no -more what I said--I was in such a tremble!--I remember she said she -was sorry we never met now; which I thought almost too kind! Dear, Miss -Woodhouse, I was absolutely miserable! By that time, it was beginning to -hold up, and I was determined that nothing should stop me from getting -away--and then--only think!--I found he was coming up towards me -too--slowly you know, and as if he did not quite know what to do; and -so he came and spoke, and I answered--and I stood for a minute, feeling -dreadfully, you know, one can't tell how; and then I took courage, and -said it did not rain, and I must go; and so off I set; and I had not got -three yards from the door, when he came after me, only to say, if I was -going to Hartfield, he thought I had much better go round by Mr. Cole's -stables, for I should find the near way quite floated by this rain. Oh! -dear, I thought it would have been the death of me! So I said, I was -very much obliged to him: you know I could not do less; and then he went -back to Elizabeth, and I came round by the stables--I believe I did--but -I hardly knew where I was, or any thing about it. Oh! Miss Woodhouse, -I would rather done any thing than have it happen: and yet, you know, -there was a sort of satisfaction in seeing him behave so pleasantly and -so kindly. And Elizabeth, too. Oh! Miss Woodhouse, do talk to me and -make me comfortable again." - -Very sincerely did Emma wish to do so; but it was not immediately in -her power. She was obliged to stop and think. She was not thoroughly -comfortable herself. The young man's conduct, and his sister's, seemed -the result of real feeling, and she could not but pity them. As Harriet -described it, there had been an interesting mixture of wounded affection -and genuine delicacy in their behaviour. But she had believed them to be -well-meaning, worthy people before; and what difference did this make -in the evils of the connexion? It was folly to be disturbed by it. Of -course, he must be sorry to lose her--they must be all sorry. Ambition, -as well as love, had probably been mortified. They might all have hoped -to rise by Harriet's acquaintance: and besides, what was the value of -Harriet's description?--So easily pleased--so little discerning;--what -signified her praise? - -She exerted herself, and did try to make her comfortable, by considering -all that had passed as a mere trifle, and quite unworthy of being dwelt -on, - -"It might be distressing, for the moment," said she; "but you seem to -have behaved extremely well; and it is over--and may never--can never, -as a first meeting, occur again, and therefore you need not think about -it." - -Harriet said, "very true," and she "would not think about it;" but still -she talked of it--still she could talk of nothing else; and Emma, at -last, in order to put the Martins out of her head, was obliged to hurry -on the news, which she had meant to give with so much tender caution; -hardly knowing herself whether to rejoice or be angry, ashamed or only -amused, at such a state of mind in poor Harriet--such a conclusion of -Mr. Elton's importance with her! - -Mr. Elton's rights, however, gradually revived. Though she did not feel -the first intelligence as she might have done the day before, or an hour -before, its interest soon increased; and before their first conversation -was over, she had talked herself into all the sensations of curiosity, -wonder and regret, pain and pleasure, as to this fortunate Miss Hawkins, -which could conduce to place the Martins under proper subordination in -her fancy. - -Emma learned to be rather glad that there had been such a meeting. It -had been serviceable in deadening the first shock, without retaining any -influence to alarm. As Harriet now lived, the Martins could not get -at her, without seeking her, where hitherto they had wanted either the -courage or the condescension to seek her; for since her refusal of the -brother, the sisters never had been at Mrs. Goddard's; and a twelvemonth -might pass without their being thrown together again, with any -necessity, or even any power of speech. - - - -CHAPTER IV - - -Human nature is so well disposed towards those who are in interesting -situations, that a young person, who either marries or dies, is sure of -being kindly spoken of. - -A week had not passed since Miss Hawkins's name was first mentioned in -Highbury, before she was, by some means or other, discovered to have -every recommendation of person and mind; to be handsome, elegant, highly -accomplished, and perfectly amiable: and when Mr. Elton himself arrived -to triumph in his happy prospects, and circulate the fame of her merits, -there was very little more for him to do, than to tell her Christian -name, and say whose music she principally played. - -Mr. Elton returned, a very happy man. He had gone away rejected and -mortified--disappointed in a very sanguine hope, after a series of what -appeared to him strong encouragement; and not only losing the right -lady, but finding himself debased to the level of a very wrong one. He -had gone away deeply offended--he came back engaged to another--and -to another as superior, of course, to the first, as under such -circumstances what is gained always is to what is lost. He came back gay -and self-satisfied, eager and busy, caring nothing for Miss Woodhouse, -and defying Miss Smith. - -The charming Augusta Hawkins, in addition to all the usual advantages of -perfect beauty and merit, was in possession of an independent fortune, -of so many thousands as would always be called ten; a point of some -dignity, as well as some convenience: the story told well; he had not -thrown himself away--he had gained a woman of 10,000 l. or thereabouts; -and he had gained her with such delightful rapidity--the first hour of -introduction had been so very soon followed by distinguishing notice; -the history which he had to give Mrs. Cole of the rise and progress -of the affair was so glorious--the steps so quick, from the accidental -rencontre, to the dinner at Mr. Green's, and the party at Mrs. -Brown's--smiles and blushes rising in importance--with consciousness and -agitation richly scattered--the lady had been so easily impressed--so -sweetly disposed--had in short, to use a most intelligible phrase, -been so very ready to have him, that vanity and prudence were equally -contented. - -He had caught both substance and shadow--both fortune and affection, and -was just the happy man he ought to be; talking only of himself and -his own concerns--expecting to be congratulated--ready to be laughed -at--and, with cordial, fearless smiles, now addressing all the young -ladies of the place, to whom, a few weeks ago, he would have been more -cautiously gallant. - -The wedding was no distant event, as the parties had only themselves to -please, and nothing but the necessary preparations to wait for; and -when he set out for Bath again, there was a general expectation, which -a certain glance of Mrs. Cole's did not seem to contradict, that when he -next entered Highbury he would bring his bride. - -During his present short stay, Emma had barely seen him; but just enough -to feel that the first meeting was over, and to give her the impression -of his not being improved by the mixture of pique and pretension, now -spread over his air. She was, in fact, beginning very much to wonder -that she had ever thought him pleasing at all; and his sight was so -inseparably connected with some very disagreeable feelings, that, -except in a moral light, as a penance, a lesson, a source of profitable -humiliation to her own mind, she would have been thankful to be assured -of never seeing him again. She wished him very well; but he gave -her pain, and his welfare twenty miles off would administer most -satisfaction. - -The pain of his continued residence in Highbury, however, must -certainly be lessened by his marriage. Many vain solicitudes would be -prevented--many awkwardnesses smoothed by it. A _Mrs._ _Elton_ would -be an excuse for any change of intercourse; former intimacy might sink -without remark. It would be almost beginning their life of civility -again. - -Of the lady, individually, Emma thought very little. She was good enough -for Mr. Elton, no doubt; accomplished enough for Highbury--handsome -enough--to look plain, probably, by Harriet's side. As to connexion, -there Emma was perfectly easy; persuaded, that after all his own vaunted -claims and disdain of Harriet, he had done nothing. On that article, -truth seemed attainable. _What_ she was, must be uncertain; but _who_ -she was, might be found out; and setting aside the 10,000 l., it did not -appear that she was at all Harriet's superior. She brought no name, no -blood, no alliance. Miss Hawkins was the youngest of the two daughters -of a Bristol--merchant, of course, he must be called; but, as the whole -of the profits of his mercantile life appeared so very moderate, it -was not unfair to guess the dignity of his line of trade had been very -moderate also. Part of every winter she had been used to spend in Bath; -but Bristol was her home, the very heart of Bristol; for though the -father and mother had died some years ago, an uncle remained--in the law -line--nothing more distinctly honourable was hazarded of him, than -that he was in the law line; and with him the daughter had lived. Emma -guessed him to be the drudge of some attorney, and too stupid to rise. -And all the grandeur of the connexion seemed dependent on the elder -sister, who was _very_ _well_ _married_, to a gentleman in a _great_ -_way_, near Bristol, who kept two carriages! That was the wind-up of the -history; that was the glory of Miss Hawkins. - -Could she but have given Harriet her feelings about it all! She had -talked her into love; but, alas! she was not so easily to be talked out -of it. The charm of an object to occupy the many vacancies of Harriet's -mind was not to be talked away. He might be superseded by another; he -certainly would indeed; nothing could be clearer; even a Robert Martin -would have been sufficient; but nothing else, she feared, would cure -her. Harriet was one of those, who, having once begun, would be always -in love. And now, poor girl! she was considerably worse from this -reappearance of Mr. Elton. She was always having a glimpse of him -somewhere or other. Emma saw him only once; but two or three times every -day Harriet was sure _just_ to meet with him, or _just_ to miss him, -_just_ to hear his voice, or see his shoulder, _just_ to have something -occur to preserve him in her fancy, in all the favouring warmth of -surprize and conjecture. She was, moreover, perpetually hearing about -him; for, excepting when at Hartfield, she was always among those who -saw no fault in Mr. Elton, and found nothing so interesting as -the discussion of his concerns; and every report, therefore, every -guess--all that had already occurred, all that might occur in the -arrangement of his affairs, comprehending income, servants, and -furniture, was continually in agitation around her. Her regard was -receiving strength by invariable praise of him, and her regrets kept -alive, and feelings irritated by ceaseless repetitions of Miss -Hawkins's happiness, and continual observation of, how much he seemed -attached!--his air as he walked by the house--the very sitting of his -hat, being all in proof of how much he was in love! - -Had it been allowable entertainment, had there been no pain to her -friend, or reproach to herself, in the waverings of Harriet's mind, -Emma would have been amused by its variations. Sometimes Mr. Elton -predominated, sometimes the Martins; and each was occasionally useful -as a check to the other. Mr. Elton's engagement had been the cure of -the agitation of meeting Mr. Martin. The unhappiness produced by the -knowledge of that engagement had been a little put aside by Elizabeth -Martin's calling at Mrs. Goddard's a few days afterwards. Harriet had -not been at home; but a note had been prepared and left for her, written -in the very style to touch; a small mixture of reproach, with a great -deal of kindness; and till Mr. Elton himself appeared, she had been much -occupied by it, continually pondering over what could be done in return, -and wishing to do more than she dared to confess. But Mr. Elton, in -person, had driven away all such cares. While he staid, the Martins were -forgotten; and on the very morning of his setting off for Bath again, -Emma, to dissipate some of the distress it occasioned, judged it best -for her to return Elizabeth Martin's visit. - -How that visit was to be acknowledged--what would be necessary--and -what might be safest, had been a point of some doubtful consideration. -Absolute neglect of the mother and sisters, when invited to come, would -be ingratitude. It must not be: and yet the danger of a renewal of the -acquaintance--! - -After much thinking, she could determine on nothing better, than -Harriet's returning the visit; but in a way that, if they had -understanding, should convince them that it was to be only a formal -acquaintance. She meant to take her in the carriage, leave her at the -Abbey Mill, while she drove a little farther, and call for her again -so soon, as to allow no time for insidious applications or dangerous -recurrences to the past, and give the most decided proof of what degree -of intimacy was chosen for the future. - -She could think of nothing better: and though there was something in it -which her own heart could not approve--something of ingratitude, merely -glossed over--it must be done, or what would become of Harriet? - - - -CHAPTER V - - -Small heart had Harriet for visiting. Only half an hour before her -friend called for her at Mrs. Goddard's, her evil stars had led her -to the very spot where, at that moment, a trunk, directed to _The Rev. -Philip Elton, White-Hart, Bath_, was to be seen under the operation of -being lifted into the butcher's cart, which was to convey it to where -the coaches past; and every thing in this world, excepting that trunk -and the direction, was consequently a blank. - -She went, however; and when they reached the farm, and she was to be -put down, at the end of the broad, neat gravel walk, which led between -espalier apple-trees to the front door, the sight of every thing which -had given her so much pleasure the autumn before, was beginning to -revive a little local agitation; and when they parted, Emma observed her -to be looking around with a sort of fearful curiosity, which determined -her not to allow the visit to exceed the proposed quarter of an hour. -She went on herself, to give that portion of time to an old servant who -was married, and settled in Donwell. - -The quarter of an hour brought her punctually to the white gate again; -and Miss Smith receiving her summons, was with her without delay, and -unattended by any alarming young man. She came solitarily down the -gravel walk--a Miss Martin just appearing at the door, and parting with -her seemingly with ceremonious civility. - -Harriet could not very soon give an intelligible account. She was -feeling too much; but at last Emma collected from her enough to -understand the sort of meeting, and the sort of pain it was creating. -She had seen only Mrs. Martin and the two girls. They had received her -doubtingly, if not coolly; and nothing beyond the merest commonplace had -been talked almost all the time--till just at last, when Mrs. Martin's -saying, all of a sudden, that she thought Miss Smith was grown, had -brought on a more interesting subject, and a warmer manner. In that very -room she had been measured last September, with her two friends. There -were the pencilled marks and memorandums on the wainscot by the window. -_He_ had done it. They all seemed to remember the day, the hour, -the party, the occasion--to feel the same consciousness, the same -regrets--to be ready to return to the same good understanding; and they -were just growing again like themselves, (Harriet, as Emma must suspect, -as ready as the best of them to be cordial and happy,) when the carriage -reappeared, and all was over. The style of the visit, and the shortness -of it, were then felt to be decisive. Fourteen minutes to be given -to those with whom she had thankfully passed six weeks not six months -ago!--Emma could not but picture it all, and feel how justly they might -resent, how naturally Harriet must suffer. It was a bad business. She -would have given a great deal, or endured a great deal, to have had -the Martins in a higher rank of life. They were so deserving, that a -_little_ higher should have been enough: but as it was, how could she -have done otherwise?--Impossible!--She could not repent. They must be -separated; but there was a great deal of pain in the process--so much -to herself at this time, that she soon felt the necessity of a little -consolation, and resolved on going home by way of Randalls to -procure it. Her mind was quite sick of Mr. Elton and the Martins. The -refreshment of Randalls was absolutely necessary. - -It was a good scheme; but on driving to the door they heard that neither -"master nor mistress was at home;" they had both been out some time; the -man believed they were gone to Hartfield. - -"This is too bad," cried Emma, as they turned away. "And now we shall -just miss them; too provoking!--I do not know when I have been so -disappointed." And she leaned back in the corner, to indulge her -murmurs, or to reason them away; probably a little of both--such being -the commonest process of a not ill-disposed mind. Presently the carriage -stopt; she looked up; it was stopt by Mr. and Mrs. Weston, who were -standing to speak to her. There was instant pleasure in the sight of -them, and still greater pleasure was conveyed in sound--for Mr. Weston -immediately accosted her with, - -"How d'ye do?--how d'ye do?--We have been sitting with your father--glad -to see him so well. Frank comes to-morrow--I had a letter this -morning--we see him to-morrow by dinner-time to a certainty--he is at -Oxford to-day, and he comes for a whole fortnight; I knew it would be -so. If he had come at Christmas he could not have staid three days; I -was always glad he did not come at Christmas; now we are going to have -just the right weather for him, fine, dry, settled weather. We shall -enjoy him completely; every thing has turned out exactly as we could -wish." - -There was no resisting such news, no possibility of avoiding the -influence of such a happy face as Mr. Weston's, confirmed as it all was -by the words and the countenance of his wife, fewer and quieter, but not -less to the purpose. To know that _she_ thought his coming certain was -enough to make Emma consider it so, and sincerely did she rejoice in -their joy. It was a most delightful reanimation of exhausted spirits. -The worn-out past was sunk in the freshness of what was coming; and in -the rapidity of half a moment's thought, she hoped Mr. Elton would now -be talked of no more. - -Mr. Weston gave her the history of the engagements at Enscombe, which -allowed his son to answer for having an entire fortnight at his command, -as well as the route and the method of his journey; and she listened, -and smiled, and congratulated. - -"I shall soon bring him over to Hartfield," said he, at the conclusion. - -Emma could imagine she saw a touch of the arm at this speech, from his -wife. - -"We had better move on, Mr. Weston," said she, "we are detaining the -girls." - -"Well, well, I am ready;"--and turning again to Emma, "but you must -not be expecting such a _very_ fine young man; you have only -had _my_ account you know; I dare say he is really nothing -extraordinary:"--though his own sparkling eyes at the moment were -speaking a very different conviction. - -Emma could look perfectly unconscious and innocent, and answer in a -manner that appropriated nothing. - -"Think of me to-morrow, my dear Emma, about four o'clock," was Mrs. -Weston's parting injunction; spoken with some anxiety, and meant only -for her. - -"Four o'clock!--depend upon it he will be here by three," was Mr. -Weston's quick amendment; and so ended a most satisfactory meeting. -Emma's spirits were mounted quite up to happiness; every thing wore -a different air; James and his horses seemed not half so sluggish as -before. When she looked at the hedges, she thought the elder at least -must soon be coming out; and when she turned round to Harriet, she saw -something like a look of spring, a tender smile even there. - -"Will Mr. Frank Churchill pass through Bath as well as Oxford?"--was a -question, however, which did not augur much. - -But neither geography nor tranquillity could come all at once, and Emma -was now in a humour to resolve that they should both come in time. - -The morning of the interesting day arrived, and Mrs. Weston's faithful -pupil did not forget either at ten, or eleven, or twelve o'clock, that -she was to think of her at four. - -"My dear, dear anxious friend,"--said she, in mental soliloquy, while -walking downstairs from her own room, "always overcareful for every -body's comfort but your own; I see you now in all your little fidgets, -going again and again into his room, to be sure that all is right." -The clock struck twelve as she passed through the hall. "'Tis twelve; -I shall not forget to think of you four hours hence; and by this -time to-morrow, perhaps, or a little later, I may be thinking of the -possibility of their all calling here. I am sure they will bring him -soon." - -She opened the parlour door, and saw two gentlemen sitting with her -father--Mr. Weston and his son. They had been arrived only a few -minutes, and Mr. Weston had scarcely finished his explanation of Frank's -being a day before his time, and her father was yet in the midst of his -very civil welcome and congratulations, when she appeared, to have her -share of surprize, introduction, and pleasure. - -The Frank Churchill so long talked of, so high in interest, was actually -before her--he was presented to her, and she did not think too much had -been said in his praise; he was a _very_ good looking young man; height, -air, address, all were unexceptionable, and his countenance had a great -deal of the spirit and liveliness of his father's; he looked quick and -sensible. She felt immediately that she should like him; and there was -a well-bred ease of manner, and a readiness to talk, which convinced her -that he came intending to be acquainted with her, and that acquainted -they soon must be. - -He had reached Randalls the evening before. She was pleased with the -eagerness to arrive which had made him alter his plan, and travel -earlier, later, and quicker, that he might gain half a day. - -"I told you yesterday," cried Mr. Weston with exultation, "I told you -all that he would be here before the time named. I remembered what I -used to do myself. One cannot creep upon a journey; one cannot help -getting on faster than one has planned; and the pleasure of coming in -upon one's friends before the look-out begins, is worth a great deal -more than any little exertion it needs." - -"It is a great pleasure where one can indulge in it," said the young -man, "though there are not many houses that I should presume on so far; -but in coming _home_ I felt I might do any thing." - -The word _home_ made his father look on him with fresh complacency. -Emma was directly sure that he knew how to make himself agreeable; the -conviction was strengthened by what followed. He was very much pleased -with Randalls, thought it a most admirably arranged house, would hardly -allow it even to be very small, admired the situation, the walk to -Highbury, Highbury itself, Hartfield still more, and professed himself -to have always felt the sort of interest in the country which none but -one's _own_ country gives, and the greatest curiosity to visit it. That -he should never have been able to indulge so amiable a feeling before, -passed suspiciously through Emma's brain; but still, if it were a -falsehood, it was a pleasant one, and pleasantly handled. His manner had -no air of study or exaggeration. He did really look and speak as if in a -state of no common enjoyment. - -Their subjects in general were such as belong to an opening -acquaintance. On his side were the inquiries,--"Was she a -horsewoman?--Pleasant rides?--Pleasant walks?--Had they a large -neighbourhood?--Highbury, perhaps, afforded society enough?--There were -several very pretty houses in and about it.--Balls--had they balls?--Was -it a musical society?" - -But when satisfied on all these points, and their acquaintance -proportionably advanced, he contrived to find an opportunity, while -their two fathers were engaged with each other, of introducing his -mother-in-law, and speaking of her with so much handsome praise, so much -warm admiration, so much gratitude for the happiness she secured to his -father, and her very kind reception of himself, as was an additional -proof of his knowing how to please--and of his certainly thinking it -worth while to try to please her. He did not advance a word of praise -beyond what she knew to be thoroughly deserved by Mrs. Weston; but, -undoubtedly he could know very little of the matter. He understood -what would be welcome; he could be sure of little else. "His father's -marriage," he said, "had been the wisest measure, every friend must -rejoice in it; and the family from whom he had received such a blessing -must be ever considered as having conferred the highest obligation on -him." - -He got as near as he could to thanking her for Miss Taylor's merits, -without seeming quite to forget that in the common course of things it -was to be rather supposed that Miss Taylor had formed Miss Woodhouse's -character, than Miss Woodhouse Miss Taylor's. And at last, as if -resolved to qualify his opinion completely for travelling round to its -object, he wound it all up with astonishment at the youth and beauty of -her person. - -"Elegant, agreeable manners, I was prepared for," said he; "but I -confess that, considering every thing, I had not expected more than a -very tolerably well-looking woman of a certain age; I did not know that -I was to find a pretty young woman in Mrs. Weston." - -"You cannot see too much perfection in Mrs. Weston for my feelings," -said Emma; "were you to guess her to be _eighteen_, I should listen with -pleasure; but _she_ would be ready to quarrel with you for using such -words. Don't let her imagine that you have spoken of her as a pretty -young woman." - -"I hope I should know better," he replied; "no, depend upon it, (with a -gallant bow,) that in addressing Mrs. Weston I should understand whom -I might praise without any danger of being thought extravagant in my -terms." - -Emma wondered whether the same suspicion of what might be expected from -their knowing each other, which had taken strong possession of her mind, -had ever crossed his; and whether his compliments were to be considered -as marks of acquiescence, or proofs of defiance. She must see more -of him to understand his ways; at present she only felt they were -agreeable. - -She had no doubt of what Mr. Weston was often thinking about. His quick -eye she detected again and again glancing towards them with a happy -expression; and even, when he might have determined not to look, she was -confident that he was often listening. - -Her own father's perfect exemption from any thought of the kind, the -entire deficiency in him of all such sort of penetration or suspicion, -was a most comfortable circumstance. Happily he was not farther from -approving matrimony than from foreseeing it.--Though always objecting -to every marriage that was arranged, he never suffered beforehand from -the apprehension of any; it seemed as if he could not think so ill of -any two persons' understanding as to suppose they meant to marry till it -were proved against them. She blessed the favouring blindness. He could -now, without the drawback of a single unpleasant surmise, without a -glance forward at any possible treachery in his guest, give way to all -his natural kind-hearted civility in solicitous inquiries after Mr. -Frank Churchill's accommodation on his journey, through the sad evils -of sleeping two nights on the road, and express very genuine unmixed -anxiety to know that he had certainly escaped catching cold--which, -however, he could not allow him to feel quite assured of himself till -after another night. - -A reasonable visit paid, Mr. Weston began to move.--"He must be going. -He had business at the Crown about his hay, and a great many errands for -Mrs. Weston at Ford's, but he need not hurry any body else." His son, -too well bred to hear the hint, rose immediately also, saying, - -"As you are going farther on business, sir, I will take the opportunity -of paying a visit, which must be paid some day or other, and therefore -may as well be paid now. I have the honour of being acquainted with -a neighbour of yours, (turning to Emma,) a lady residing in or near -Highbury; a family of the name of Fairfax. I shall have no difficulty, -I suppose, in finding the house; though Fairfax, I believe, is not -the proper name--I should rather say Barnes, or Bates. Do you know any -family of that name?" - -"To be sure we do," cried his father; "Mrs. Bates--we passed her -house--I saw Miss Bates at the window. True, true, you are acquainted -with Miss Fairfax; I remember you knew her at Weymouth, and a fine girl -she is. Call upon her, by all means." - -"There is no necessity for my calling this morning," said the young man; -"another day would do as well; but there was that degree of acquaintance -at Weymouth which--" - -"Oh! go to-day, go to-day. Do not defer it. What is right to be done -cannot be done too soon. And, besides, I must give you a hint, Frank; -any want of attention to her _here_ should be carefully avoided. You saw -her with the Campbells, when she was the equal of every body she mixed -with, but here she is with a poor old grandmother, who has barely enough -to live on. If you do not call early it will be a slight." - -The son looked convinced. - -"I have heard her speak of the acquaintance," said Emma; "she is a very -elegant young woman." - -He agreed to it, but with so quiet a "Yes," as inclined her almost to -doubt his real concurrence; and yet there must be a very distinct sort -of elegance for the fashionable world, if Jane Fairfax could be thought -only ordinarily gifted with it. - -"If you were never particularly struck by her manners before," said she, -"I think you will to-day. You will see her to advantage; see her and -hear her--no, I am afraid you will not hear her at all, for she has an -aunt who never holds her tongue." - -"You are acquainted with Miss Jane Fairfax, sir, are you?" said Mr. -Woodhouse, always the last to make his way in conversation; "then give -me leave to assure you that you will find her a very agreeable young -lady. She is staying here on a visit to her grandmama and aunt, very -worthy people; I have known them all my life. They will be extremely -glad to see you, I am sure; and one of my servants shall go with you to -shew you the way." - -"My dear sir, upon no account in the world; my father can direct me." - -"But your father is not going so far; he is only going to the Crown, -quite on the other side of the street, and there are a great many -houses; you might be very much at a loss, and it is a very dirty walk, -unless you keep on the footpath; but my coachman can tell you where you -had best cross the street." - -Mr. Frank Churchill still declined it, looking as serious as he could, -and his father gave his hearty support by calling out, "My good friend, -this is quite unnecessary; Frank knows a puddle of water when he sees -it, and as to Mrs. Bates's, he may get there from the Crown in a hop, -step, and jump." - -They were permitted to go alone; and with a cordial nod from one, and a -graceful bow from the other, the two gentlemen took leave. Emma remained -very well pleased with this beginning of the acquaintance, and could now -engage to think of them all at Randalls any hour of the day, with full -confidence in their comfort. - - - -CHAPTER VI - - -The next morning brought Mr. Frank Churchill again. He came with Mrs. -Weston, to whom and to Highbury he seemed to take very cordially. He had -been sitting with her, it appeared, most companionably at home, till -her usual hour of exercise; and on being desired to chuse their walk, -immediately fixed on Highbury.--"He did not doubt there being very -pleasant walks in every direction, but if left to him, he should always -chuse the same. Highbury, that airy, cheerful, happy-looking Highbury, -would be his constant attraction."--Highbury, with Mrs. Weston, stood -for Hartfield; and she trusted to its bearing the same construction with -him. They walked thither directly. - -Emma had hardly expected them: for Mr. Weston, who had called in for -half a minute, in order to hear that his son was very handsome, knew -nothing of their plans; and it was an agreeable surprize to her, -therefore, to perceive them walking up to the house together, arm in -arm. She was wanting to see him again, and especially to see him in -company with Mrs. Weston, upon his behaviour to whom her opinion of him -was to depend. If he were deficient there, nothing should make amends -for it. But on seeing them together, she became perfectly satisfied. It -was not merely in fine words or hyperbolical compliment that he paid his -duty; nothing could be more proper or pleasing than his whole manner to -her--nothing could more agreeably denote his wish of considering her as -a friend and securing her affection. And there was time enough for Emma -to form a reasonable judgment, as their visit included all the rest of -the morning. They were all three walking about together for an hour -or two--first round the shrubberies of Hartfield, and afterwards -in Highbury. He was delighted with every thing; admired Hartfield -sufficiently for Mr. Woodhouse's ear; and when their going farther was -resolved on, confessed his wish to be made acquainted with the whole -village, and found matter of commendation and interest much oftener than -Emma could have supposed. - -Some of the objects of his curiosity spoke very amiable feelings. He -begged to be shewn the house which his father had lived in so long, and -which had been the home of his father's father; and on recollecting that -an old woman who had nursed him was still living, walked in quest of -her cottage from one end of the street to the other; and though in -some points of pursuit or observation there was no positive merit, they -shewed, altogether, a good-will towards Highbury in general, which must -be very like a merit to those he was with. - -Emma watched and decided, that with such feelings as were now shewn, it -could not be fairly supposed that he had been ever voluntarily absenting -himself; that he had not been acting a part, or making a parade of -insincere professions; and that Mr. Knightley certainly had not done him -justice. - -Their first pause was at the Crown Inn, an inconsiderable house, though -the principal one of the sort, where a couple of pair of post-horses -were kept, more for the convenience of the neighbourhood than from any -run on the road; and his companions had not expected to be detained by -any interest excited there; but in passing it they gave the history of -the large room visibly added; it had been built many years ago for -a ball-room, and while the neighbourhood had been in a particularly -populous, dancing state, had been occasionally used as such;--but such -brilliant days had long passed away, and now the highest purpose for -which it was ever wanted was to accommodate a whist club established -among the gentlemen and half-gentlemen of the place. He was immediately -interested. Its character as a ball-room caught him; and instead of -passing on, he stopt for several minutes at the two superior sashed -windows which were open, to look in and contemplate its capabilities, -and lament that its original purpose should have ceased. He saw no fault -in the room, he would acknowledge none which they suggested. No, it -was long enough, broad enough, handsome enough. It would hold the -very number for comfort. They ought to have balls there at least every -fortnight through the winter. Why had not Miss Woodhouse revived -the former good old days of the room?--She who could do any thing in -Highbury! The want of proper families in the place, and the conviction -that none beyond the place and its immediate environs could be tempted -to attend, were mentioned; but he was not satisfied. He could not be -persuaded that so many good-looking houses as he saw around him, could -not furnish numbers enough for such a meeting; and even when particulars -were given and families described, he was still unwilling to admit that -the inconvenience of such a mixture would be any thing, or that there -would be the smallest difficulty in every body's returning into their -proper place the next morning. He argued like a young man very much bent -on dancing; and Emma was rather surprized to see the constitution of -the Weston prevail so decidedly against the habits of the Churchills. -He seemed to have all the life and spirit, cheerful feelings, and social -inclinations of his father, and nothing of the pride or reserve of -Enscombe. Of pride, indeed, there was, perhaps, scarcely enough; his -indifference to a confusion of rank, bordered too much on inelegance of -mind. He could be no judge, however, of the evil he was holding cheap. -It was but an effusion of lively spirits. - -At last he was persuaded to move on from the front of the Crown; -and being now almost facing the house where the Bateses lodged, Emma -recollected his intended visit the day before, and asked him if he had -paid it. - -"Yes, oh! yes"--he replied; "I was just going to mention it. A very -successful visit:--I saw all the three ladies; and felt very much -obliged to you for your preparatory hint. If the talking aunt had taken -me quite by surprize, it must have been the death of me. As it was, I -was only betrayed into paying a most unreasonable visit. Ten minutes -would have been all that was necessary, perhaps all that was proper; and -I had told my father I should certainly be at home before him--but there -was no getting away, no pause; and, to my utter astonishment, I found, -when he (finding me nowhere else) joined me there at last, that I had -been actually sitting with them very nearly three-quarters of an hour. -The good lady had not given me the possibility of escape before." - -"And how did you think Miss Fairfax looking?" - -"Ill, very ill--that is, if a young lady can ever be allowed to look -ill. But the expression is hardly admissible, Mrs. Weston, is it? Ladies -can never look ill. And, seriously, Miss Fairfax is naturally so -pale, as almost always to give the appearance of ill health.--A most -deplorable want of complexion." - -Emma would not agree to this, and began a warm defence of Miss Fairfax's -complexion. "It was certainly never brilliant, but she would not -allow it to have a sickly hue in general; and there was a softness and -delicacy in her skin which gave peculiar elegance to the character of -her face." He listened with all due deference; acknowledged that he had -heard many people say the same--but yet he must confess, that to him -nothing could make amends for the want of the fine glow of health. Where -features were indifferent, a fine complexion gave beauty to them all; -and where they were good, the effect was--fortunately he need not -attempt to describe what the effect was. - -"Well," said Emma, "there is no disputing about taste.--At least you -admire her except her complexion." - -He shook his head and laughed.--"I cannot separate Miss Fairfax and her -complexion." - -"Did you see her often at Weymouth? Were you often in the same society?" - -At this moment they were approaching Ford's, and he hastily exclaimed, -"Ha! this must be the very shop that every body attends every day of -their lives, as my father informs me. He comes to Highbury himself, he -says, six days out of the seven, and has always business at Ford's. -If it be not inconvenient to you, pray let us go in, that I may prove -myself to belong to the place, to be a true citizen of Highbury. I must -buy something at Ford's. It will be taking out my freedom.--I dare say -they sell gloves." - -"Oh! yes, gloves and every thing. I do admire your patriotism. You will -be adored in Highbury. You were very popular before you came, because -you were Mr. Weston's son--but lay out half a guinea at Ford's, and your -popularity will stand upon your own virtues." - -They went in; and while the sleek, well-tied parcels of "Men's Beavers" -and "York Tan" were bringing down and displaying on the counter, he -said--"But I beg your pardon, Miss Woodhouse, you were speaking to me, -you were saying something at the very moment of this burst of my _amor_ -_patriae_. Do not let me lose it. I assure you the utmost stretch of -public fame would not make me amends for the loss of any happiness in -private life." - -"I merely asked, whether you had known much of Miss Fairfax and her -party at Weymouth." - -"And now that I understand your question, I must pronounce it to be a -very unfair one. It is always the lady's right to decide on the degree -of acquaintance. Miss Fairfax must already have given her account.--I -shall not commit myself by claiming more than she may chuse to allow." - -"Upon my word! you answer as discreetly as she could do herself. But -her account of every thing leaves so much to be guessed, she is so very -reserved, so very unwilling to give the least information about any -body, that I really think you may say what you like of your acquaintance -with her." - -"May I, indeed?--Then I will speak the truth, and nothing suits me so -well. I met her frequently at Weymouth. I had known the Campbells a -little in town; and at Weymouth we were very much in the same set. -Colonel Campbell is a very agreeable man, and Mrs. Campbell a friendly, -warm-hearted woman. I like them all." - -"You know Miss Fairfax's situation in life, I conclude; what she is -destined to be?" - -"Yes--(rather hesitatingly)--I believe I do." - -"You get upon delicate subjects, Emma," said Mrs. Weston smiling; -"remember that I am here.--Mr. Frank Churchill hardly knows what to say -when you speak of Miss Fairfax's situation in life. I will move a little -farther off." - -"I certainly do forget to think of _her_," said Emma, "as having ever -been any thing but my friend and my dearest friend." - -He looked as if he fully understood and honoured such a sentiment. - -When the gloves were bought, and they had quitted the shop again, "Did -you ever hear the young lady we were speaking of, play?" said Frank -Churchill. - -"Ever hear her!" repeated Emma. "You forget how much she belongs to -Highbury. I have heard her every year of our lives since we both began. -She plays charmingly." - -"You think so, do you?--I wanted the opinion of some one who -could really judge. She appeared to me to play well, that is, with -considerable taste, but I know nothing of the matter myself.--I am -excessively fond of music, but without the smallest skill or right -of judging of any body's performance.--I have been used to hear her's -admired; and I remember one proof of her being thought to play well:--a -man, a very musical man, and in love with another woman--engaged to -her--on the point of marriage--would yet never ask that other woman -to sit down to the instrument, if the lady in question could sit down -instead--never seemed to like to hear one if he could hear the other. -That, I thought, in a man of known musical talent, was some proof." - -"Proof indeed!" said Emma, highly amused.--"Mr. Dixon is very musical, -is he? We shall know more about them all, in half an hour, from you, -than Miss Fairfax would have vouchsafed in half a year." - -"Yes, Mr. Dixon and Miss Campbell were the persons; and I thought it a -very strong proof." - -"Certainly--very strong it was; to own the truth, a great deal stronger -than, if _I_ had been Miss Campbell, would have been at all agreeable -to me. I could not excuse a man's having more music than love--more ear -than eye--a more acute sensibility to fine sounds than to my feelings. -How did Miss Campbell appear to like it?" - -"It was her very particular friend, you know." - -"Poor comfort!" said Emma, laughing. "One would rather have a stranger -preferred than one's very particular friend--with a stranger it might -not recur again--but the misery of having a very particular friend -always at hand, to do every thing better than one does oneself!--Poor -Mrs. Dixon! Well, I am glad she is gone to settle in Ireland." - -"You are right. It was not very flattering to Miss Campbell; but she -really did not seem to feel it." - -"So much the better--or so much the worse:--I do not know which. But -be it sweetness or be it stupidity in her--quickness of friendship, or -dulness of feeling--there was one person, I think, who must have felt -it: Miss Fairfax herself. She must have felt the improper and dangerous -distinction." - -"As to that--I do not--" - -"Oh! do not imagine that I expect an account of Miss Fairfax's -sensations from you, or from any body else. They are known to no human -being, I guess, but herself. But if she continued to play whenever she -was asked by Mr. Dixon, one may guess what one chuses." - -"There appeared such a perfectly good understanding among them all--" -he began rather quickly, but checking himself, added, "however, it is -impossible for me to say on what terms they really were--how it might -all be behind the scenes. I can only say that there was smoothness -outwardly. But you, who have known Miss Fairfax from a child, must be -a better judge of her character, and of how she is likely to conduct -herself in critical situations, than I can be." - -"I have known her from a child, undoubtedly; we have been children -and women together; and it is natural to suppose that we should be -intimate,--that we should have taken to each other whenever she visited -her friends. But we never did. I hardly know how it has happened; a -little, perhaps, from that wickedness on my side which was prone to take -disgust towards a girl so idolized and so cried up as she always was, -by her aunt and grandmother, and all their set. And then, her reserve--I -never could attach myself to any one so completely reserved." - -"It is a most repulsive quality, indeed," said he. "Oftentimes very -convenient, no doubt, but never pleasing. There is safety in reserve, -but no attraction. One cannot love a reserved person." - -"Not till the reserve ceases towards oneself; and then the attraction -may be the greater. But I must be more in want of a friend, or an -agreeable companion, than I have yet been, to take the trouble of -conquering any body's reserve to procure one. Intimacy between Miss -Fairfax and me is quite out of the question. I have no reason to think -ill of her--not the least--except that such extreme and perpetual -cautiousness of word and manner, such a dread of giving a distinct idea -about any body, is apt to suggest suspicions of there being something to -conceal." - -He perfectly agreed with her: and after walking together so long, and -thinking so much alike, Emma felt herself so well acquainted with him, -that she could hardly believe it to be only their second meeting. He was -not exactly what she had expected; less of the man of the world in some -of his notions, less of the spoiled child of fortune, therefore better -than she had expected. His ideas seemed more moderate--his feelings -warmer. She was particularly struck by his manner of considering Mr. -Elton's house, which, as well as the church, he would go and look at, -and would not join them in finding much fault with. No, he could not -believe it a bad house; not such a house as a man was to be pitied for -having. If it were to be shared with the woman he loved, he could not -think any man to be pitied for having that house. There must be ample -room in it for every real comfort. The man must be a blockhead who -wanted more. - -Mrs. Weston laughed, and said he did not know what he was talking about. -Used only to a large house himself, and without ever thinking how many -advantages and accommodations were attached to its size, he could be no -judge of the privations inevitably belonging to a small one. But Emma, -in her own mind, determined that he _did_ know what he was talking -about, and that he shewed a very amiable inclination to settle early in -life, and to marry, from worthy motives. He might not be aware of the -inroads on domestic peace to be occasioned by no housekeeper's room, or -a bad butler's pantry, but no doubt he did perfectly feel that Enscombe -could not make him happy, and that whenever he were attached, he would -willingly give up much of wealth to be allowed an early establishment. - - - -CHAPTER VII - - -Emma's very good opinion of Frank Churchill was a little shaken the -following day, by hearing that he was gone off to London, merely to have -his hair cut. A sudden freak seemed to have seized him at breakfast, and -he had sent for a chaise and set off, intending to return to dinner, -but with no more important view that appeared than having his hair cut. -There was certainly no harm in his travelling sixteen miles twice over -on such an errand; but there was an air of foppery and nonsense in it -which she could not approve. It did not accord with the rationality of -plan, the moderation in expense, or even the unselfish warmth of heart, -which she had believed herself to discern in him yesterday. Vanity, -extravagance, love of change, restlessness of temper, which must be -doing something, good or bad; heedlessness as to the pleasure of his -father and Mrs. Weston, indifferent as to how his conduct might appear -in general; he became liable to all these charges. His father only -called him a coxcomb, and thought it a very good story; but that Mrs. -Weston did not like it, was clear enough, by her passing it over as -quickly as possible, and making no other comment than that "all young -people would have their little whims." - -With the exception of this little blot, Emma found that his visit -hitherto had given her friend only good ideas of him. Mrs. Weston -was very ready to say how attentive and pleasant a companion he made -himself--how much she saw to like in his disposition altogether. He -appeared to have a very open temper--certainly a very cheerful and -lively one; she could observe nothing wrong in his notions, a great deal -decidedly right; he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of -talking of him--said he would be the best man in the world if he were -left to himself; and though there was no being attached to the aunt, he -acknowledged her kindness with gratitude, and seemed to mean always to -speak of her with respect. This was all very promising; and, but for -such an unfortunate fancy for having his hair cut, there was nothing to -denote him unworthy of the distinguished honour which her imagination -had given him; the honour, if not of being really in love with her, -of being at least very near it, and saved only by her own -indifference--(for still her resolution held of never marrying)--the -honour, in short, of being marked out for her by all their joint -acquaintance. - -Mr. Weston, on his side, added a virtue to the account which must -have some weight. He gave her to understand that Frank admired her -extremely--thought her very beautiful and very charming; and with so -much to be said for him altogether, she found she must not judge him -harshly. As Mrs. Weston observed, "all young people would have their -little whims." - -There was one person among his new acquaintance in Surry, not so -leniently disposed. In general he was judged, throughout the parishes of -Donwell and Highbury, with great candour; liberal allowances were made -for the little excesses of such a handsome young man--one who smiled so -often and bowed so well; but there was one spirit among them not to be -softened, from its power of censure, by bows or smiles--Mr. Knightley. -The circumstance was told him at Hartfield; for the moment, he was -silent; but Emma heard him almost immediately afterwards say to himself, -over a newspaper he held in his hand, "Hum! just the trifling, silly -fellow I took him for." She had half a mind to resent; but an instant's -observation convinced her that it was really said only to relieve his -own feelings, and not meant to provoke; and therefore she let it pass. - -Although in one instance the bearers of not good tidings, Mr. and -Mrs. Weston's visit this morning was in another respect particularly -opportune. Something occurred while they were at Hartfield, to make Emma -want their advice; and, which was still more lucky, she wanted exactly -the advice they gave. - -This was the occurrence:--The Coles had been settled some years in -Highbury, and were very good sort of people--friendly, liberal, and -unpretending; but, on the other hand, they were of low origin, in trade, -and only moderately genteel. On their first coming into the country, -they had lived in proportion to their income, quietly, keeping little -company, and that little unexpensively; but the last year or two had -brought them a considerable increase of means--the house in town had -yielded greater profits, and fortune in general had smiled on them. With -their wealth, their views increased; their want of a larger house, their -inclination for more company. They added to their house, to their number -of servants, to their expenses of every sort; and by this time were, -in fortune and style of living, second only to the family at Hartfield. -Their love of society, and their new dining-room, prepared every body -for their keeping dinner-company; and a few parties, chiefly among the -single men, had already taken place. The regular and best families Emma -could hardly suppose they would presume to invite--neither Donwell, nor -Hartfield, nor Randalls. Nothing should tempt _her_ to go, if they did; -and she regretted that her father's known habits would be giving -her refusal less meaning than she could wish. The Coles were very -respectable in their way, but they ought to be taught that it was not -for them to arrange the terms on which the superior families would visit -them. This lesson, she very much feared, they would receive only from -herself; she had little hope of Mr. Knightley, none of Mr. Weston. - -But she had made up her mind how to meet this presumption so many weeks -before it appeared, that when the insult came at last, it found her -very differently affected. Donwell and Randalls had received their -invitation, and none had come for her father and herself; and Mrs. -Weston's accounting for it with "I suppose they will not take the -liberty with you; they know you do not dine out," was not quite -sufficient. She felt that she should like to have had the power of -refusal; and afterwards, as the idea of the party to be assembled there, -consisting precisely of those whose society was dearest to her, occurred -again and again, she did not know that she might not have been tempted -to accept. Harriet was to be there in the evening, and the Bateses. They -had been speaking of it as they walked about Highbury the day before, -and Frank Churchill had most earnestly lamented her absence. Might -not the evening end in a dance? had been a question of his. The bare -possibility of it acted as a farther irritation on her spirits; and -her being left in solitary grandeur, even supposing the omission to be -intended as a compliment, was but poor comfort. - -It was the arrival of this very invitation while the Westons were at -Hartfield, which made their presence so acceptable; for though her first -remark, on reading it, was that "of course it must be declined," she so -very soon proceeded to ask them what they advised her to do, that their -advice for her going was most prompt and successful. - -She owned that, considering every thing, she was not absolutely -without inclination for the party. The Coles expressed themselves so -properly--there was so much real attention in the manner of it--so much -consideration for her father. "They would have solicited the honour -earlier, but had been waiting the arrival of a folding-screen from -London, which they hoped might keep Mr. Woodhouse from any draught of -air, and therefore induce him the more readily to give them the honour -of his company." Upon the whole, she was very persuadable; and it being -briefly settled among themselves how it might be done without neglecting -his comfort--how certainly Mrs. Goddard, if not Mrs. Bates, might be -depended on for bearing him company--Mr. Woodhouse was to be talked -into an acquiescence of his daughter's going out to dinner on a day now -near at hand, and spending the whole evening away from him. As for _his_ -going, Emma did not wish him to think it possible, the hours would be -too late, and the party too numerous. He was soon pretty well resigned. - -"I am not fond of dinner-visiting," said he--"I never was. No more is -Emma. Late hours do not agree with us. I am sorry Mr. and Mrs. Cole -should have done it. I think it would be much better if they would come -in one afternoon next summer, and take their tea with us--take us -in their afternoon walk; which they might do, as our hours are so -reasonable, and yet get home without being out in the damp of the -evening. The dews of a summer evening are what I would not expose any -body to. However, as they are so very desirous to have dear Emma dine -with them, and as you will both be there, and Mr. Knightley too, to take -care of her, I cannot wish to prevent it, provided the weather be what -it ought, neither damp, nor cold, nor windy." Then turning to Mrs. -Weston, with a look of gentle reproach--"Ah! Miss Taylor, if you had not -married, you would have staid at home with me." - -"Well, sir," cried Mr. Weston, "as I took Miss Taylor away, it is -incumbent on me to supply her place, if I can; and I will step to Mrs. -Goddard in a moment, if you wish it." - -But the idea of any thing to be done in a _moment_, was increasing, -not lessening, Mr. Woodhouse's agitation. The ladies knew better how -to allay it. Mr. Weston must be quiet, and every thing deliberately -arranged. - -With this treatment, Mr. Woodhouse was soon composed enough for talking -as usual. "He should be happy to see Mrs. Goddard. He had a great regard -for Mrs. Goddard; and Emma should write a line, and invite her. James -could take the note. But first of all, there must be an answer written -to Mrs. Cole." - -"You will make my excuses, my dear, as civilly as possible. You will say -that I am quite an invalid, and go no where, and therefore must decline -their obliging invitation; beginning with my _compliments_, of course. -But you will do every thing right. I need not tell you what is to be -done. We must remember to let James know that the carriage will be -wanted on Tuesday. I shall have no fears for you with him. We have never -been there above once since the new approach was made; but still I have -no doubt that James will take you very safely. And when you get there, -you must tell him at what time you would have him come for you again; -and you had better name an early hour. You will not like staying late. -You will get very tired when tea is over." - -"But you would not wish me to come away before I am tired, papa?" - -"Oh! no, my love; but you will soon be tired. There will be a great many -people talking at once. You will not like the noise." - -"But, my dear sir," cried Mr. Weston, "if Emma comes away early, it will -be breaking up the party." - -"And no great harm if it does," said Mr. Woodhouse. "The sooner every -party breaks up, the better." - -"But you do not consider how it may appear to the Coles. Emma's going -away directly after tea might be giving offence. They are good-natured -people, and think little of their own claims; but still they must -feel that any body's hurrying away is no great compliment; and Miss -Woodhouse's doing it would be more thought of than any other person's in -the room. You would not wish to disappoint and mortify the Coles, I am -sure, sir; friendly, good sort of people as ever lived, and who have -been your neighbours these _ten_ years." - -"No, upon no account in the world, Mr. Weston; I am much obliged to -you for reminding me. I should be extremely sorry to be giving them any -pain. I know what worthy people they are. Perry tells me that Mr. Cole -never touches malt liquor. You would not think it to look at him, but -he is bilious--Mr. Cole is very bilious. No, I would not be the means -of giving them any pain. My dear Emma, we must consider this. I am sure, -rather than run the risk of hurting Mr. and Mrs. Cole, you would stay a -little longer than you might wish. You will not regard being tired. You -will be perfectly safe, you know, among your friends." - -"Oh yes, papa. I have no fears at all for myself; and I should have no -scruples of staying as late as Mrs. Weston, but on your account. I am -only afraid of your sitting up for me. I am not afraid of your not being -exceedingly comfortable with Mrs. Goddard. She loves piquet, you -know; but when she is gone home, I am afraid you will be sitting up by -yourself, instead of going to bed at your usual time--and the idea of -that would entirely destroy my comfort. You must promise me not to sit -up." - -He did, on the condition of some promises on her side: such as that, -if she came home cold, she would be sure to warm herself thoroughly; if -hungry, that she would take something to eat; that her own maid should -sit up for her; and that Serle and the butler should see that every -thing were safe in the house, as usual. - - - -CHAPTER VIII - - -Frank Churchill came back again; and if he kept his father's dinner -waiting, it was not known at Hartfield; for Mrs. Weston was too anxious -for his being a favourite with Mr. Woodhouse, to betray any imperfection -which could be concealed. - -He came back, had had his hair cut, and laughed at himself with a very -good grace, but without seeming really at all ashamed of what he had -done. He had no reason to wish his hair longer, to conceal any confusion -of face; no reason to wish the money unspent, to improve his spirits. -He was quite as undaunted and as lively as ever; and, after seeing him, -Emma thus moralised to herself:-- - -"I do not know whether it ought to be so, but certainly silly things -do cease to be silly if they are done by sensible people in an impudent -way. Wickedness is always wickedness, but folly is not always folly.--It -depends upon the character of those who handle it. Mr. Knightley, he is -_not_ a trifling, silly young man. If he were, he would have done this -differently. He would either have gloried in the achievement, or -been ashamed of it. There would have been either the ostentation of -a coxcomb, or the evasions of a mind too weak to defend its own -vanities.--No, I am perfectly sure that he is not trifling or silly." - -With Tuesday came the agreeable prospect of seeing him again, and for -a longer time than hitherto; of judging of his general manners, and by -inference, of the meaning of his manners towards herself; of guessing -how soon it might be necessary for her to throw coldness into her air; -and of fancying what the observations of all those might be, who were -now seeing them together for the first time. - -She meant to be very happy, in spite of the scene being laid at Mr. -Cole's; and without being able to forget that among the failings of Mr. -Elton, even in the days of his favour, none had disturbed her more than -his propensity to dine with Mr. Cole. - -Her father's comfort was amply secured, Mrs. Bates as well as Mrs. -Goddard being able to come; and her last pleasing duty, before she left -the house, was to pay her respects to them as they sat together after -dinner; and while her father was fondly noticing the beauty of her -dress, to make the two ladies all the amends in her power, by helping -them to large slices of cake and full glasses of wine, for whatever -unwilling self-denial his care of their constitution might have obliged -them to practise during the meal.--She had provided a plentiful dinner -for them; she wished she could know that they had been allowed to eat -it. - -She followed another carriage to Mr. Cole's door; and was pleased to see -that it was Mr. Knightley's; for Mr. Knightley keeping no horses, -having little spare money and a great deal of health, activity, and -independence, was too apt, in Emma's opinion, to get about as he could, -and not use his carriage so often as became the owner of Donwell Abbey. -She had an opportunity now of speaking her approbation while warm from -her heart, for he stopped to hand her out. - -"This is coming as you should do," said she; "like a gentleman.--I am -quite glad to see you." - -He thanked her, observing, "How lucky that we should arrive at the same -moment! for, if we had met first in the drawing-room, I doubt whether -you would have discerned me to be more of a gentleman than usual.--You -might not have distinguished how I came, by my look or manner." - -"Yes I should, I am sure I should. There is always a look of -consciousness or bustle when people come in a way which they know to be -beneath them. You think you carry it off very well, I dare say, but -with you it is a sort of bravado, an air of affected unconcern; I always -observe it whenever I meet you under those circumstances. _Now_ you have -nothing to try for. You are not afraid of being supposed ashamed. You -are not striving to look taller than any body else. _Now_ I shall really -be very happy to walk into the same room with you." - -"Nonsensical girl!" was his reply, but not at all in anger. - -Emma had as much reason to be satisfied with the rest of the party as -with Mr. Knightley. She was received with a cordial respect which could -not but please, and given all the consequence she could wish for. -When the Westons arrived, the kindest looks of love, the strongest of -admiration were for her, from both husband and wife; the son approached -her with a cheerful eagerness which marked her as his peculiar object, -and at dinner she found him seated by her--and, as she firmly believed, -not without some dexterity on his side. - -The party was rather large, as it included one other family, a proper -unobjectionable country family, whom the Coles had the advantage of -naming among their acquaintance, and the male part of Mr. Cox's family, -the lawyer of Highbury. The less worthy females were to come in the -evening, with Miss Bates, Miss Fairfax, and Miss Smith; but already, -at dinner, they were too numerous for any subject of conversation to be -general; and, while politics and Mr. Elton were talked over, Emma could -fairly surrender all her attention to the pleasantness of her neighbour. -The first remote sound to which she felt herself obliged to attend, was -the name of Jane Fairfax. Mrs. Cole seemed to be relating something of -her that was expected to be very interesting. She listened, and found -it well worth listening to. That very dear part of Emma, her fancy, -received an amusing supply. Mrs. Cole was telling that she had been -calling on Miss Bates, and as soon as she entered the room had -been struck by the sight of a pianoforte--a very elegant looking -instrument--not a grand, but a large-sized square pianoforte; and the -substance of the story, the end of all the dialogue which ensued of -surprize, and inquiry, and congratulations on her side, and explanations -on Miss Bates's, was, that this pianoforte had arrived from -Broadwood's the day before, to the great astonishment of both aunt and -niece--entirely unexpected; that at first, by Miss Bates's account, -Jane herself was quite at a loss, quite bewildered to think who could -possibly have ordered it--but now, they were both perfectly satisfied -that it could be from only one quarter;--of course it must be from -Colonel Campbell. - -"One can suppose nothing else," added Mrs. Cole, "and I was only -surprized that there could ever have been a doubt. But Jane, it seems, -had a letter from them very lately, and not a word was said about it. -She knows their ways best; but I should not consider their silence as -any reason for their not meaning to make the present. They might chuse -to surprize her." - -Mrs. Cole had many to agree with her; every body who spoke on the -subject was equally convinced that it must come from Colonel Campbell, -and equally rejoiced that such a present had been made; and there were -enough ready to speak to allow Emma to think her own way, and still -listen to Mrs. Cole. - -"I declare, I do not know when I have heard any thing that has given me -more satisfaction!--It always has quite hurt me that Jane Fairfax, who -plays so delightfully, should not have an instrument. It seemed quite -a shame, especially considering how many houses there are where fine -instruments are absolutely thrown away. This is like giving ourselves -a slap, to be sure! and it was but yesterday I was telling Mr. Cole, -I really was ashamed to look at our new grand pianoforte in the -drawing-room, while I do not know one note from another, and our little -girls, who are but just beginning, perhaps may never make any thing of -it; and there is poor Jane Fairfax, who is mistress of music, has not -any thing of the nature of an instrument, not even the pitifullest old -spinet in the world, to amuse herself with.--I was saying this to -Mr. Cole but yesterday, and he quite agreed with me; only he is so -particularly fond of music that he could not help indulging himself -in the purchase, hoping that some of our good neighbours might be so -obliging occasionally to put it to a better use than we can; and that -really is the reason why the instrument was bought--or else I am sure -we ought to be ashamed of it.--We are in great hopes that Miss Woodhouse -may be prevailed with to try it this evening." - -Miss Woodhouse made the proper acquiescence; and finding that nothing -more was to be entrapped from any communication of Mrs. Cole's, turned -to Frank Churchill. - -"Why do you smile?" said she. - -"Nay, why do you?" - -"Me!--I suppose I smile for pleasure at Colonel Campbell's being so rich -and so liberal.--It is a handsome present." - -"Very." - -"I rather wonder that it was never made before." - -"Perhaps Miss Fairfax has never been staying here so long before." - -"Or that he did not give her the use of their own instrument--which must -now be shut up in London, untouched by any body." - -"That is a grand pianoforte, and he might think it too large for Mrs. -Bates's house." - -"You may _say_ what you chuse--but your countenance testifies that your -_thoughts_ on this subject are very much like mine." - -"I do not know. I rather believe you are giving me more credit for -acuteness than I deserve. I smile because you smile, and shall probably -suspect whatever I find you suspect; but at present I do not see what -there is to question. If Colonel Campbell is not the person, who can -be?" - -"What do you say to Mrs. Dixon?" - -"Mrs. Dixon! very true indeed. I had not thought of Mrs. Dixon. She must -know as well as her father, how acceptable an instrument would be; and -perhaps the mode of it, the mystery, the surprize, is more like a young -woman's scheme than an elderly man's. It is Mrs. Dixon, I dare say. I -told you that your suspicions would guide mine." - -"If so, you must extend your suspicions and comprehend _Mr_. Dixon in -them." - -"Mr. Dixon.--Very well. Yes, I immediately perceive that it must be the -joint present of Mr. and Mrs. Dixon. We were speaking the other day, you -know, of his being so warm an admirer of her performance." - -"Yes, and what you told me on that head, confirmed an idea which I had -entertained before.--I do not mean to reflect upon the good intentions -of either Mr. Dixon or Miss Fairfax, but I cannot help suspecting either -that, after making his proposals to her friend, he had the misfortune -to fall in love with _her_, or that he became conscious of a little -attachment on her side. One might guess twenty things without guessing -exactly the right; but I am sure there must be a particular cause for -her chusing to come to Highbury instead of going with the Campbells -to Ireland. Here, she must be leading a life of privation and penance; -there it would have been all enjoyment. As to the pretence of trying her -native air, I look upon that as a mere excuse.--In the summer it might -have passed; but what can any body's native air do for them in the -months of January, February, and March? Good fires and carriages would -be much more to the purpose in most cases of delicate health, and I dare -say in her's. I do not require you to adopt all my suspicions, though -you make so noble a profession of doing it, but I honestly tell you what -they are." - -"And, upon my word, they have an air of great probability. Mr. Dixon's -preference of her music to her friend's, I can answer for being very -decided." - -"And then, he saved her life. Did you ever hear of that?--A water -party; and by some accident she was falling overboard. He caught her." - -"He did. I was there--one of the party." - -"Were you really?--Well!--But you observed nothing of course, for it -seems to be a new idea to you.--If I had been there, I think I should -have made some discoveries." - -"I dare say you would; but I, simple I, saw nothing but the fact, that -Miss Fairfax was nearly dashed from the vessel and that Mr. Dixon caught -her.--It was the work of a moment. And though the consequent shock and -alarm was very great and much more durable--indeed I believe it was -half an hour before any of us were comfortable again--yet that was too -general a sensation for any thing of peculiar anxiety to be -observable. I do not mean to say, however, that you might not have made -discoveries." - -The conversation was here interrupted. They were called on to share -in the awkwardness of a rather long interval between the courses, and -obliged to be as formal and as orderly as the others; but when the table -was again safely covered, when every corner dish was placed exactly -right, and occupation and ease were generally restored, Emma said, - -"The arrival of this pianoforte is decisive with me. I wanted to know -a little more, and this tells me quite enough. Depend upon it, we shall -soon hear that it is a present from Mr. and Mrs. Dixon." - -"And if the Dixons should absolutely deny all knowledge of it we must -conclude it to come from the Campbells." - -"No, I am sure it is not from the Campbells. Miss Fairfax knows it is -not from the Campbells, or they would have been guessed at first. She -would not have been puzzled, had she dared fix on them. I may not have -convinced you perhaps, but I am perfectly convinced myself that Mr. -Dixon is a principal in the business." - -"Indeed you injure me if you suppose me unconvinced. Your reasonings -carry my judgment along with them entirely. At first, while I supposed -you satisfied that Colonel Campbell was the giver, I saw it only as -paternal kindness, and thought it the most natural thing in the world. -But when you mentioned Mrs. Dixon, I felt how much more probable that it -should be the tribute of warm female friendship. And now I can see it in -no other light than as an offering of love." - -There was no occasion to press the matter farther. The conviction seemed -real; he looked as if he felt it. She said no more, other subjects -took their turn; and the rest of the dinner passed away; the dessert -succeeded, the children came in, and were talked to and admired amid the -usual rate of conversation; a few clever things said, a few downright -silly, but by much the larger proportion neither the one nor the -other--nothing worse than everyday remarks, dull repetitions, old news, -and heavy jokes. - -The ladies had not been long in the drawing-room, before the other -ladies, in their different divisions, arrived. Emma watched the entree -of her own particular little friend; and if she could not exult in her -dignity and grace, she could not only love the blooming sweetness and -the artless manner, but could most heartily rejoice in that light, -cheerful, unsentimental disposition which allowed her so many -alleviations of pleasure, in the midst of the pangs of disappointed -affection. There she sat--and who would have guessed how many tears she -had been lately shedding? To be in company, nicely dressed herself and -seeing others nicely dressed, to sit and smile and look pretty, and say -nothing, was enough for the happiness of the present hour. Jane Fairfax -did look and move superior; but Emma suspected she might have been -glad to change feelings with Harriet, very glad to have purchased the -mortification of having loved--yes, of having loved even Mr. Elton in -vain--by the surrender of all the dangerous pleasure of knowing herself -beloved by the husband of her friend. - -In so large a party it was not necessary that Emma should approach her. -She did not wish to speak of the pianoforte, she felt too much in the -secret herself, to think the appearance of curiosity or interest fair, -and therefore purposely kept at a distance; but by the others, the -subject was almost immediately introduced, and she saw the blush of -consciousness with which congratulations were received, the blush -of guilt which accompanied the name of "my excellent friend Colonel -Campbell." - -Mrs. Weston, kind-hearted and musical, was particularly interested -by the circumstance, and Emma could not help being amused at her -perseverance in dwelling on the subject; and having so much to ask and -to say as to tone, touch, and pedal, totally unsuspicious of that wish -of saying as little about it as possible, which she plainly read in the -fair heroine's countenance. - -They were soon joined by some of the gentlemen; and the very first -of the early was Frank Churchill. In he walked, the first and the -handsomest; and after paying his compliments en passant to Miss Bates -and her niece, made his way directly to the opposite side of the circle, -where sat Miss Woodhouse; and till he could find a seat by her, would -not sit at all. Emma divined what every body present must be thinking. -She was his object, and every body must perceive it. She introduced him -to her friend, Miss Smith, and, at convenient moments afterwards, heard -what each thought of the other. "He had never seen so lovely a face, and -was delighted with her naivete." And she, "Only to be sure it was paying -him too great a compliment, but she did think there were some looks a -little like Mr. Elton." Emma restrained her indignation, and only turned -from her in silence. - -Smiles of intelligence passed between her and the gentleman on first -glancing towards Miss Fairfax; but it was most prudent to avoid speech. -He told her that he had been impatient to leave the dining-room--hated -sitting long--was always the first to move when he could--that his -father, Mr. Knightley, Mr. Cox, and Mr. Cole, were left very busy over -parish business--that as long as he had staid, however, it had been -pleasant enough, as he had found them in general a set of gentlemanlike, -sensible men; and spoke so handsomely of Highbury altogether--thought it -so abundant in agreeable families--that Emma began to feel she had been -used to despise the place rather too much. She questioned him as to the -society in Yorkshire--the extent of the neighbourhood about Enscombe, -and the sort; and could make out from his answers that, as far as -Enscombe was concerned, there was very little going on, that their -visitings were among a range of great families, none very near; and -that even when days were fixed, and invitations accepted, it was an even -chance that Mrs. Churchill were not in health and spirits for going; -that they made a point of visiting no fresh person; and that, though -he had his separate engagements, it was not without difficulty, without -considerable address _at_ _times_, that he could get away, or introduce -an acquaintance for a night. - -She saw that Enscombe could not satisfy, and that Highbury, taken at -its best, might reasonably please a young man who had more retirement at -home than he liked. His importance at Enscombe was very evident. He did -not boast, but it naturally betrayed itself, that he had persuaded his -aunt where his uncle could do nothing, and on her laughing and noticing -it, he owned that he believed (excepting one or two points) he could -_with_ _time_ persuade her to any thing. One of those points on which -his influence failed, he then mentioned. He had wanted very much to -go abroad--had been very eager indeed to be allowed to travel--but she -would not hear of it. This had happened the year before. _Now_, he said, -he was beginning to have no longer the same wish. - -The unpersuadable point, which he did not mention, Emma guessed to be -good behaviour to his father. - -"I have made a most wretched discovery," said he, after a short pause.-- -"I have been here a week to-morrow--half my time. I never knew days fly -so fast. A week to-morrow!--And I have hardly begun to enjoy myself. -But just got acquainted with Mrs. Weston, and others!--I hate the -recollection." - -"Perhaps you may now begin to regret that you spent one whole day, out -of so few, in having your hair cut." - -"No," said he, smiling, "that is no subject of regret at all. I have -no pleasure in seeing my friends, unless I can believe myself fit to be -seen." - -The rest of the gentlemen being now in the room, Emma found herself -obliged to turn from him for a few minutes, and listen to Mr. Cole. When -Mr. Cole had moved away, and her attention could be restored as before, -she saw Frank Churchill looking intently across the room at Miss -Fairfax, who was sitting exactly opposite. - -"What is the matter?" said she. - -He started. "Thank you for rousing me," he replied. "I believe I have -been very rude; but really Miss Fairfax has done her hair in so odd a -way--so very odd a way--that I cannot keep my eyes from her. I never saw -any thing so outree!--Those curls!--This must be a fancy of her own. I -see nobody else looking like her!--I must go and ask her whether it -is an Irish fashion. Shall I?--Yes, I will--I declare I will--and you -shall see how she takes it;--whether she colours." - -He was gone immediately; and Emma soon saw him standing before Miss -Fairfax, and talking to her; but as to its effect on the young lady, -as he had improvidently placed himself exactly between them, exactly in -front of Miss Fairfax, she could absolutely distinguish nothing. - -Before he could return to his chair, it was taken by Mrs. Weston. - -"This is the luxury of a large party," said she:--"one can get near -every body, and say every thing. My dear Emma, I am longing to talk -to you. I have been making discoveries and forming plans, just like -yourself, and I must tell them while the idea is fresh. Do you know how -Miss Bates and her niece came here?" - -"How?--They were invited, were not they?" - -"Oh! yes--but how they were conveyed hither?--the manner of their -coming?" - -"They walked, I conclude. How else could they come?" - -"Very true.--Well, a little while ago it occurred to me how very sad -it would be to have Jane Fairfax walking home again, late at night, and -cold as the nights are now. And as I looked at her, though I never saw -her appear to more advantage, it struck me that she was heated, and -would therefore be particularly liable to take cold. Poor girl! I could -not bear the idea of it; so, as soon as Mr. Weston came into the room, -and I could get at him, I spoke to him about the carriage. You may guess -how readily he came into my wishes; and having his approbation, I made -my way directly to Miss Bates, to assure her that the carriage would be -at her service before it took us home; for I thought it would be making -her comfortable at once. Good soul! she was as grateful as possible, you -may be sure. 'Nobody was ever so fortunate as herself!'--but with many, -many thanks--'there was no occasion to trouble us, for Mr. Knightley's -carriage had brought, and was to take them home again.' I was quite -surprized;--very glad, I am sure; but really quite surprized. Such a -very kind attention--and so thoughtful an attention!--the sort of thing -that so few men would think of. And, in short, from knowing his -usual ways, I am very much inclined to think that it was for their -accommodation the carriage was used at all. I do suspect he would not -have had a pair of horses for himself, and that it was only as an excuse -for assisting them." - -"Very likely," said Emma--"nothing more likely. I know no man more -likely than Mr. Knightley to do the sort of thing--to do any thing -really good-natured, useful, considerate, or benevolent. He is not a -gallant man, but he is a very humane one; and this, considering Jane -Fairfax's ill-health, would appear a case of humanity to him;--and for -an act of unostentatious kindness, there is nobody whom I would fix on -more than on Mr. Knightley. I know he had horses to-day--for we arrived -together; and I laughed at him about it, but he said not a word that -could betray." - -"Well," said Mrs. Weston, smiling, "you give him credit for more simple, -disinterested benevolence in this instance than I do; for while Miss -Bates was speaking, a suspicion darted into my head, and I have never -been able to get it out again. The more I think of it, the more probable -it appears. In short, I have made a match between Mr. Knightley and Jane -Fairfax. See the consequence of keeping you company!--What do you say to -it?" - -"Mr. Knightley and Jane Fairfax!" exclaimed Emma. "Dear Mrs. Weston, how -could you think of such a thing?--Mr. Knightley!--Mr. Knightley must not -marry!--You would not have little Henry cut out from Donwell?--Oh! no, -no, Henry must have Donwell. I cannot at all consent to Mr. Knightley's -marrying; and I am sure it is not at all likely. I am amazed that you -should think of such a thing." - -"My dear Emma, I have told you what led me to think of it. I do not want -the match--I do not want to injure dear little Henry--but the idea has -been given me by circumstances; and if Mr. Knightley really wished to -marry, you would not have him refrain on Henry's account, a boy of six -years old, who knows nothing of the matter?" - -"Yes, I would. I could not bear to have Henry supplanted.--Mr. -Knightley marry!--No, I have never had such an idea, and I cannot adopt -it now. And Jane Fairfax, too, of all women!" - -"Nay, she has always been a first favourite with him, as you very well -know." - -"But the imprudence of such a match!" - -"I am not speaking of its prudence; merely its probability." - -"I see no probability in it, unless you have any better foundation than -what you mention. His good-nature, his humanity, as I tell you, would -be quite enough to account for the horses. He has a great regard for the -Bateses, you know, independent of Jane Fairfax--and is always glad to -shew them attention. My dear Mrs. Weston, do not take to match-making. -You do it very ill. Jane Fairfax mistress of the Abbey!--Oh! no, -no;--every feeling revolts. For his own sake, I would not have him do so -mad a thing." - -"Imprudent, if you please--but not mad. Excepting inequality of fortune, -and perhaps a little disparity of age, I can see nothing unsuitable." - -"But Mr. Knightley does not want to marry. I am sure he has not the -least idea of it. Do not put it into his head. Why should he marry?--He -is as happy as possible by himself; with his farm, and his sheep, and -his library, and all the parish to manage; and he is extremely fond of -his brother's children. He has no occasion to marry, either to fill up -his time or his heart." - -"My dear Emma, as long as he thinks so, it is so; but if he really loves -Jane Fairfax--" - -"Nonsense! He does not care about Jane Fairfax. In the way of love, I am -sure he does not. He would do any good to her, or her family; but--" - -"Well," said Mrs. Weston, laughing, "perhaps the greatest good he could -do them, would be to give Jane such a respectable home." - -"If it would be good to her, I am sure it would be evil to himself; a -very shameful and degrading connexion. How would he bear to have Miss -Bates belonging to him?--To have her haunting the Abbey, and thanking -him all day long for his great kindness in marrying Jane?--'So very -kind and obliging!--But he always had been such a very kind neighbour!' -And then fly off, through half a sentence, to her mother's old -petticoat. 'Not that it was such a very old petticoat either--for still -it would last a great while--and, indeed, she must thankfully say that -their petticoats were all very strong.'" - -"For shame, Emma! Do not mimic her. You divert me against my conscience. -And, upon my word, I do not think Mr. Knightley would be much disturbed -by Miss Bates. Little things do not irritate him. She might talk on; and -if he wanted to say any thing himself, he would only talk louder, and -drown her voice. But the question is not, whether it would be a bad -connexion for him, but whether he wishes it; and I think he does. I have -heard him speak, and so must you, so very highly of Jane Fairfax! The -interest he takes in her--his anxiety about her health--his concern that -she should have no happier prospect! I have heard him express himself -so warmly on those points!--Such an admirer of her performance on the -pianoforte, and of her voice! I have heard him say that he could listen -to her for ever. Oh! and I had almost forgotten one idea that occurred -to me--this pianoforte that has been sent here by somebody--though -we have all been so well satisfied to consider it a present from the -Campbells, may it not be from Mr. Knightley? I cannot help suspecting -him. I think he is just the person to do it, even without being in -love." - -"Then it can be no argument to prove that he is in love. But I do not -think it is at all a likely thing for him to do. Mr. Knightley does -nothing mysteriously." - -"I have heard him lamenting her having no instrument repeatedly; oftener -than I should suppose such a circumstance would, in the common course of -things, occur to him." - -"Very well; and if he had intended to give her one, he would have told -her so." - -"There might be scruples of delicacy, my dear Emma. I have a very strong -notion that it comes from him. I am sure he was particularly silent when -Mrs. Cole told us of it at dinner." - -"You take up an idea, Mrs. Weston, and run away with it; as you have -many a time reproached me with doing. I see no sign of attachment--I -believe nothing of the pianoforte--and proof only shall convince me that -Mr. Knightley has any thought of marrying Jane Fairfax." - -They combated the point some time longer in the same way; Emma rather -gaining ground over the mind of her friend; for Mrs. Weston was the most -used of the two to yield; till a little bustle in the room shewed them -that tea was over, and the instrument in preparation;--and at the same -moment Mr. Cole approaching to entreat Miss Woodhouse would do them the -honour of trying it. Frank Churchill, of whom, in the eagerness of her -conversation with Mrs. Weston, she had been seeing nothing, except that -he had found a seat by Miss Fairfax, followed Mr. Cole, to add his very -pressing entreaties; and as, in every respect, it suited Emma best to -lead, she gave a very proper compliance. - -She knew the limitations of her own powers too well to attempt more than -she could perform with credit; she wanted neither taste nor spirit in -the little things which are generally acceptable, and could accompany -her own voice well. One accompaniment to her song took her agreeably by -surprize--a second, slightly but correctly taken by Frank Churchill. Her -pardon was duly begged at the close of the song, and every thing usual -followed. He was accused of having a delightful voice, and a perfect -knowledge of music; which was properly denied; and that he knew nothing -of the matter, and had no voice at all, roundly asserted. They sang -together once more; and Emma would then resign her place to Miss -Fairfax, whose performance, both vocal and instrumental, she never could -attempt to conceal from herself, was infinitely superior to her own. - -With mixed feelings, she seated herself at a little distance from the -numbers round the instrument, to listen. Frank Churchill sang again. -They had sung together once or twice, it appeared, at Weymouth. But the -sight of Mr. Knightley among the most attentive, soon drew away half -Emma's mind; and she fell into a train of thinking on the subject of -Mrs. Weston's suspicions, to which the sweet sounds of the united voices -gave only momentary interruptions. Her objections to Mr. Knightley's -marrying did not in the least subside. She could see nothing but evil -in it. It would be a great disappointment to Mr. John Knightley; -consequently to Isabella. A real injury to the children--a most -mortifying change, and material loss to them all;--a very great -deduction from her father's daily comfort--and, as to herself, she could -not at all endure the idea of Jane Fairfax at Donwell Abbey. A Mrs. -Knightley for them all to give way to!--No--Mr. Knightley must never -marry. Little Henry must remain the heir of Donwell. - -Presently Mr. Knightley looked back, and came and sat down by her. They -talked at first only of the performance. His admiration was certainly -very warm; yet she thought, but for Mrs. Weston, it would not have -struck her. As a sort of touchstone, however, she began to speak of his -kindness in conveying the aunt and niece; and though his answer was in -the spirit of cutting the matter short, she believed it to indicate only -his disinclination to dwell on any kindness of his own. - -"I often feel concern," said she, "that I dare not make our carriage -more useful on such occasions. It is not that I am without the wish; but -you know how impossible my father would deem it that James should put-to -for such a purpose." - -"Quite out of the question, quite out of the question," he -replied;--"but you must often wish it, I am sure." And he smiled with -such seeming pleasure at the conviction, that she must proceed another -step. - -"This present from the Campbells," said she--"this pianoforte is very -kindly given." - -"Yes," he replied, and without the smallest apparent -embarrassment.--"But they would have done better had they given -her notice of it. Surprizes are foolish things. The pleasure is not -enhanced, and the inconvenience is often considerable. I should have -expected better judgment in Colonel Campbell." - -From that moment, Emma could have taken her oath that Mr. Knightley had -had no concern in giving the instrument. But whether he were -entirely free from peculiar attachment--whether there were no actual -preference--remained a little longer doubtful. Towards the end of Jane's -second song, her voice grew thick. - -"That will do," said he, when it was finished, thinking aloud--"you have -sung quite enough for one evening--now be quiet." - -Another song, however, was soon begged for. "One more;--they would not -fatigue Miss Fairfax on any account, and would only ask for one more." -And Frank Churchill was heard to say, "I think you could manage this -without effort; the first part is so very trifling. The strength of the -song falls on the second." - -Mr. Knightley grew angry. - -"That fellow," said he, indignantly, "thinks of nothing but shewing off -his own voice. This must not be." And touching Miss Bates, who at that -moment passed near--"Miss Bates, are you mad, to let your niece sing -herself hoarse in this manner? Go, and interfere. They have no mercy on -her." - -Miss Bates, in her real anxiety for Jane, could hardly stay even to -be grateful, before she stept forward and put an end to all farther -singing. Here ceased the concert part of the evening, for Miss Woodhouse -and Miss Fairfax were the only young lady performers; but soon (within -five minutes) the proposal of dancing--originating nobody exactly knew -where--was so effectually promoted by Mr. and Mrs. Cole, that every -thing was rapidly clearing away, to give proper space. Mrs. Weston, -capital in her country-dances, was seated, and beginning an irresistible -waltz; and Frank Churchill, coming up with most becoming gallantry to -Emma, had secured her hand, and led her up to the top. - -While waiting till the other young people could pair themselves off, -Emma found time, in spite of the compliments she was receiving on -her voice and her taste, to look about, and see what became of Mr. -Knightley. This would be a trial. He was no dancer in general. If he -were to be very alert in engaging Jane Fairfax now, it might augur -something. There was no immediate appearance. No; he was talking to Mrs. -Cole--he was looking on unconcerned; Jane was asked by somebody else, -and he was still talking to Mrs. Cole. - -Emma had no longer an alarm for Henry; his interest was yet safe; and -she led off the dance with genuine spirit and enjoyment. Not more than -five couple could be mustered; but the rarity and the suddenness of -it made it very delightful, and she found herself well matched in a -partner. They were a couple worth looking at. - -Two dances, unfortunately, were all that could be allowed. It was -growing late, and Miss Bates became anxious to get home, on her mother's -account. After some attempts, therefore, to be permitted to begin again, -they were obliged to thank Mrs. Weston, look sorrowful, and have done. - -"Perhaps it is as well," said Frank Churchill, as he attended Emma to -her carriage. "I must have asked Miss Fairfax, and her languid dancing -would not have agreed with me, after yours." - - - -CHAPTER IX - - -Emma did not repent her condescension in going to the Coles. The visit -afforded her many pleasant recollections the next day; and all that she -might be supposed to have lost on the side of dignified seclusion, must -be amply repaid in the splendour of popularity. She must have delighted -the Coles--worthy people, who deserved to be made happy!--And left a -name behind her that would not soon die away. - -Perfect happiness, even in memory, is not common; and there were two -points on which she was not quite easy. She doubted whether she had not -transgressed the duty of woman by woman, in betraying her suspicions of -Jane Fairfax's feelings to Frank Churchill. It was hardly right; but it -had been so strong an idea, that it would escape her, and his submission -to all that she told, was a compliment to her penetration, which made -it difficult for her to be quite certain that she ought to have held her -tongue. - -The other circumstance of regret related also to Jane Fairfax; and -there she had no doubt. She did unfeignedly and unequivocally regret the -inferiority of her own playing and singing. She did most heartily -grieve over the idleness of her childhood--and sat down and practised -vigorously an hour and a half. - -She was then interrupted by Harriet's coming in; and if Harriet's praise -could have satisfied her, she might soon have been comforted. - -"Oh! if I could but play as well as you and Miss Fairfax!" - -"Don't class us together, Harriet. My playing is no more like her's, -than a lamp is like sunshine." - -"Oh! dear--I think you play the best of the two. I think you play quite -as well as she does. I am sure I had much rather hear you. Every body -last night said how well you played." - -"Those who knew any thing about it, must have felt the difference. The -truth is, Harriet, that my playing is just good enough to be praised, -but Jane Fairfax's is much beyond it." - -"Well, I always shall think that you play quite as well as she does, or -that if there is any difference nobody would ever find it out. Mr. Cole -said how much taste you had; and Mr. Frank Churchill talked a great deal -about your taste, and that he valued taste much more than execution." - -"Ah! but Jane Fairfax has them both, Harriet." - -"Are you sure? I saw she had execution, but I did not know she had any -taste. Nobody talked about it. And I hate Italian singing.--There is no -understanding a word of it. Besides, if she does play so very well, you -know, it is no more than she is obliged to do, because she will have to -teach. The Coxes were wondering last night whether she would get into -any great family. How did you think the Coxes looked?" - -"Just as they always do--very vulgar." - -"They told me something," said Harriet rather hesitatingly; "but it is -nothing of any consequence." - -Emma was obliged to ask what they had told her, though fearful of its -producing Mr. Elton. - -"They told me--that Mr. Martin dined with them last Saturday." - -"Oh!" - -"He came to their father upon some business, and he asked him to stay to -dinner." - -"Oh!" - -"They talked a great deal about him, especially Anne Cox. I do not know -what she meant, but she asked me if I thought I should go and stay there -again next summer." - -"She meant to be impertinently curious, just as such an Anne Cox should -be." - -"She said he was very agreeable the day he dined there. He sat by her at -dinner. Miss Nash thinks either of the Coxes would be very glad to marry -him." - -"Very likely.--I think they are, without exception, the most vulgar -girls in Highbury." - -Harriet had business at Ford's.--Emma thought it most prudent to go with -her. Another accidental meeting with the Martins was possible, and in -her present state, would be dangerous. - -Harriet, tempted by every thing and swayed by half a word, was always -very long at a purchase; and while she was still hanging over muslins -and changing her mind, Emma went to the door for amusement.--Much could -not be hoped from the traffic of even the busiest part of Highbury;--Mr. -Perry walking hastily by, Mr. William Cox letting himself in at the -office-door, Mr. Cole's carriage-horses returning from exercise, or a -stray letter-boy on an obstinate mule, were the liveliest objects she -could presume to expect; and when her eyes fell only on the butcher with -his tray, a tidy old woman travelling homewards from shop with her full -basket, two curs quarrelling over a dirty bone, and a string of dawdling -children round the baker's little bow-window eyeing the gingerbread, she -knew she had no reason to complain, and was amused enough; quite enough -still to stand at the door. A mind lively and at ease, can do with -seeing nothing, and can see nothing that does not answer. - -She looked down the Randalls road. The scene enlarged; two persons -appeared; Mrs. Weston and her son-in-law; they were walking into -Highbury;--to Hartfield of course. They were stopping, however, in the -first place at Mrs. Bates's; whose house was a little nearer -Randalls than Ford's; and had all but knocked, when Emma caught their -eye.--Immediately they crossed the road and came forward to her; and the -agreeableness of yesterday's engagement seemed to give fresh pleasure to -the present meeting. Mrs. Weston informed her that she was going to call -on the Bateses, in order to hear the new instrument. - -"For my companion tells me," said she, "that I absolutely promised Miss -Bates last night, that I would come this morning. I was not aware of it -myself. I did not know that I had fixed a day, but as he says I did, I -am going now." - -"And while Mrs. Weston pays her visit, I may be allowed, I hope," said -Frank Churchill, "to join your party and wait for her at Hartfield--if -you are going home." - -Mrs. Weston was disappointed. - -"I thought you meant to go with me. They would be very much pleased." - -"Me! I should be quite in the way. But, perhaps--I may be equally in the -way here. Miss Woodhouse looks as if she did not want me. My aunt always -sends me off when she is shopping. She says I fidget her to death; and -Miss Woodhouse looks as if she could almost say the same. What am I to -do?" - -"I am here on no business of my own," said Emma; "I am only waiting for -my friend. She will probably have soon done, and then we shall go home. -But you had better go with Mrs. Weston and hear the instrument." - -"Well--if you advise it.--But (with a smile) if Colonel Campbell should -have employed a careless friend, and if it should prove to have an -indifferent tone--what shall I say? I shall be no support to Mrs. -Weston. She might do very well by herself. A disagreeable truth would be -palatable through her lips, but I am the wretchedest being in the world -at a civil falsehood." - -"I do not believe any such thing," replied Emma.--"I am persuaded that -you can be as insincere as your neighbours, when it is necessary; but -there is no reason to suppose the instrument is indifferent. Quite -otherwise indeed, if I understood Miss Fairfax's opinion last night." - -"Do come with me," said Mrs. Weston, "if it be not very disagreeable to -you. It need not detain us long. We will go to Hartfield afterwards. -We will follow them to Hartfield. I really wish you to call with me. It -will be felt so great an attention! and I always thought you meant it." - -He could say no more; and with the hope of Hartfield to reward him, -returned with Mrs. Weston to Mrs. Bates's door. Emma watched them in, -and then joined Harriet at the interesting counter,--trying, with all -the force of her own mind, to convince her that if she wanted plain -muslin it was of no use to look at figured; and that a blue ribbon, be -it ever so beautiful, would still never match her yellow pattern. At -last it was all settled, even to the destination of the parcel. - -"Should I send it to Mrs. Goddard's, ma'am?" asked Mrs. -Ford.--"Yes--no--yes, to Mrs. Goddard's. Only my pattern gown is at -Hartfield. No, you shall send it to Hartfield, if you please. But then, -Mrs. Goddard will want to see it.--And I could take the pattern gown -home any day. But I shall want the ribbon directly--so it had better go -to Hartfield--at least the ribbon. You could make it into two parcels, -Mrs. Ford, could not you?" - -"It is not worth while, Harriet, to give Mrs. Ford the trouble of two -parcels." - -"No more it is." - -"No trouble in the world, ma'am," said the obliging Mrs. Ford. - -"Oh! but indeed I would much rather have it only in one. Then, if you -please, you shall send it all to Mrs. Goddard's--I do not know--No, I -think, Miss Woodhouse, I may just as well have it sent to Hartfield, and -take it home with me at night. What do you advise?" - -"That you do not give another half-second to the subject. To Hartfield, -if you please, Mrs. Ford." - -"Aye, that will be much best," said Harriet, quite satisfied, "I should -not at all like to have it sent to Mrs. Goddard's." - -Voices approached the shop--or rather one voice and two ladies: Mrs. -Weston and Miss Bates met them at the door. - -"My dear Miss Woodhouse," said the latter, "I am just run across to -entreat the favour of you to come and sit down with us a little while, -and give us your opinion of our new instrument; you and Miss Smith. How -do you do, Miss Smith?--Very well I thank you.--And I begged Mrs. Weston -to come with me, that I might be sure of succeeding." - -"I hope Mrs. Bates and Miss Fairfax are--" - -"Very well, I am much obliged to you. My mother is delightfully well; -and Jane caught no cold last night. How is Mr. Woodhouse?--I am so glad -to hear such a good account. Mrs. Weston told me you were here.--Oh! -then, said I, I must run across, I am sure Miss Woodhouse will allow me -just to run across and entreat her to come in; my mother will be so -very happy to see her--and now we are such a nice party, she cannot -refuse.--'Aye, pray do,' said Mr. Frank Churchill, 'Miss Woodhouse's -opinion of the instrument will be worth having.'--But, said I, I shall -be more sure of succeeding if one of you will go with me.--'Oh,' said -he, 'wait half a minute, till I have finished my job;'--For, would you -believe it, Miss Woodhouse, there he is, in the most obliging manner in -the world, fastening in the rivet of my mother's spectacles.--The rivet -came out, you know, this morning.--So very obliging!--For my mother had -no use of her spectacles--could not put them on. And, by the bye, every -body ought to have two pair of spectacles; they should indeed. Jane said -so. I meant to take them over to John Saunders the first thing I did, -but something or other hindered me all the morning; first one thing, -then another, there is no saying what, you know. At one time Patty came -to say she thought the kitchen chimney wanted sweeping. Oh, said I, -Patty do not come with your bad news to me. Here is the rivet of your -mistress's spectacles out. Then the baked apples came home, Mrs. Wallis -sent them by her boy; they are extremely civil and obliging to us, the -Wallises, always--I have heard some people say that Mrs. Wallis can be -uncivil and give a very rude answer, but we have never known any thing -but the greatest attention from them. And it cannot be for the value -of our custom now, for what is our consumption of bread, you know? -Only three of us.--besides dear Jane at present--and she really eats -nothing--makes such a shocking breakfast, you would be quite frightened -if you saw it. I dare not let my mother know how little she eats--so I -say one thing and then I say another, and it passes off. But about the -middle of the day she gets hungry, and there is nothing she likes so -well as these baked apples, and they are extremely wholesome, for I took -the opportunity the other day of asking Mr. Perry; I happened to meet -him in the street. Not that I had any doubt before--I have so often -heard Mr. Woodhouse recommend a baked apple. I believe it is the only -way that Mr. Woodhouse thinks the fruit thoroughly wholesome. We -have apple-dumplings, however, very often. Patty makes an excellent -apple-dumpling. Well, Mrs. Weston, you have prevailed, I hope, and these -ladies will oblige us." - -Emma would be "very happy to wait on Mrs. Bates, &c.," and they did at -last move out of the shop, with no farther delay from Miss Bates than, - -"How do you do, Mrs. Ford? I beg your pardon. I did not see you before. -I hear you have a charming collection of new ribbons from town. Jane -came back delighted yesterday. Thank ye, the gloves do very well--only a -little too large about the wrist; but Jane is taking them in." - -"What was I talking of?" said she, beginning again when they were all in -the street. - -Emma wondered on what, of all the medley, she would fix. - -"I declare I cannot recollect what I was talking of.--Oh! my mother's -spectacles. So very obliging of Mr. Frank Churchill! 'Oh!' said he, -'I do think I can fasten the rivet; I like a job of this kind -excessively.'--Which you know shewed him to be so very.... Indeed I must -say that, much as I had heard of him before and much as I had expected, -he very far exceeds any thing.... I do congratulate you, Mrs. Weston, -most warmly. He seems every thing the fondest parent could.... -'Oh!' said he, 'I can fasten the rivet. I like a job of that sort -excessively.' I never shall forget his manner. And when I brought out -the baked apples from the closet, and hoped our friends would be so very -obliging as to take some, 'Oh!' said he directly, 'there is nothing -in the way of fruit half so good, and these are the finest-looking -home-baked apples I ever saw in my life.' That, you know, was so -very.... And I am sure, by his manner, it was no compliment. Indeed they -are very delightful apples, and Mrs. Wallis does them full justice--only -we do not have them baked more than twice, and Mr. Woodhouse made us -promise to have them done three times--but Miss Woodhouse will be so -good as not to mention it. The apples themselves are the very finest -sort for baking, beyond a doubt; all from Donwell--some of Mr. -Knightley's most liberal supply. He sends us a sack every year; and -certainly there never was such a keeping apple anywhere as one of his -trees--I believe there is two of them. My mother says the orchard was -always famous in her younger days. But I was really quite shocked the -other day--for Mr. Knightley called one morning, and Jane was eating -these apples, and we talked about them and said how much she enjoyed -them, and he asked whether we were not got to the end of our stock. 'I -am sure you must be,' said he, 'and I will send you another supply; for -I have a great many more than I can ever use. William Larkins let me -keep a larger quantity than usual this year. I will send you some more, -before they get good for nothing.' So I begged he would not--for really -as to ours being gone, I could not absolutely say that we had a great -many left--it was but half a dozen indeed; but they should be all kept -for Jane; and I could not at all bear that he should be sending us more, -so liberal as he had been already; and Jane said the same. And when -he was gone, she almost quarrelled with me--No, I should not say -quarrelled, for we never had a quarrel in our lives; but she was quite -distressed that I had owned the apples were so nearly gone; she wished -I had made him believe we had a great many left. Oh, said I, my dear, -I did say as much as I could. However, the very same evening William -Larkins came over with a large basket of apples, the same sort of -apples, a bushel at least, and I was very much obliged, and went down -and spoke to William Larkins and said every thing, as you may suppose. -William Larkins is such an old acquaintance! I am always glad to see -him. But, however, I found afterwards from Patty, that William said it -was all the apples of _that_ sort his master had; he had brought them -all--and now his master had not one left to bake or boil. William did -not seem to mind it himself, he was so pleased to think his master had -sold so many; for William, you know, thinks more of his master's profit -than any thing; but Mrs. Hodges, he said, was quite displeased at their -being all sent away. She could not bear that her master should not be -able to have another apple-tart this spring. He told Patty this, but bid -her not mind it, and be sure not to say any thing to us about it, for -Mrs. Hodges _would_ be cross sometimes, and as long as so many sacks -were sold, it did not signify who ate the remainder. And so Patty told -me, and I was excessively shocked indeed! I would not have Mr. Knightley -know any thing about it for the world! He would be so very.... I wanted -to keep it from Jane's knowledge; but, unluckily, I had mentioned it -before I was aware." - -Miss Bates had just done as Patty opened the door; and her visitors -walked upstairs without having any regular narration to attend to, -pursued only by the sounds of her desultory good-will. - -"Pray take care, Mrs. Weston, there is a step at the turning. Pray take -care, Miss Woodhouse, ours is rather a dark staircase--rather darker -and narrower than one could wish. Miss Smith, pray take care. Miss -Woodhouse, I am quite concerned, I am sure you hit your foot. Miss -Smith, the step at the turning." - - - -CHAPTER X - - -The appearance of the little sitting-room as they entered, was -tranquillity itself; Mrs. Bates, deprived of her usual employment, -slumbering on one side of the fire, Frank Churchill, at a table near -her, most deedily occupied about her spectacles, and Jane Fairfax, -standing with her back to them, intent on her pianoforte. - -Busy as he was, however, the young man was yet able to shew a most happy -countenance on seeing Emma again. - -"This is a pleasure," said he, in rather a low voice, "coming at least -ten minutes earlier than I had calculated. You find me trying to be -useful; tell me if you think I shall succeed." - -"What!" said Mrs. Weston, "have not you finished it yet? you would not -earn a very good livelihood as a working silversmith at this rate." - -"I have not been working uninterruptedly," he replied, "I have been -assisting Miss Fairfax in trying to make her instrument stand steadily, -it was not quite firm; an unevenness in the floor, I believe. You see -we have been wedging one leg with paper. This was very kind of you to be -persuaded to come. I was almost afraid you would be hurrying home." - -He contrived that she should be seated by him; and was sufficiently -employed in looking out the best baked apple for her, and trying to make -her help or advise him in his work, till Jane Fairfax was quite ready -to sit down to the pianoforte again. That she was not immediately ready, -Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet -possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she -must reason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not -but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve -never to expose them to her neighbour again. - -At last Jane began, and though the first bars were feebly given, the -powers of the instrument were gradually done full justice to. Mrs. -Weston had been delighted before, and was delighted again; Emma -joined her in all her praise; and the pianoforte, with every proper -discrimination, was pronounced to be altogether of the highest promise. - -"Whoever Colonel Campbell might employ," said Frank Churchill, with a -smile at Emma, "the person has not chosen ill. I heard a good deal of -Colonel Campbell's taste at Weymouth; and the softness of the upper -notes I am sure is exactly what he and _all_ _that_ _party_ would -particularly prize. I dare say, Miss Fairfax, that he either gave his -friend very minute directions, or wrote to Broadwood himself. Do not you -think so?" - -Jane did not look round. She was not obliged to hear. Mrs. Weston had -been speaking to her at the same moment. - -"It is not fair," said Emma, in a whisper; "mine was a random guess. Do -not distress her." - -He shook his head with a smile, and looked as if he had very little -doubt and very little mercy. Soon afterwards he began again, - -"How much your friends in Ireland must be enjoying your pleasure on this -occasion, Miss Fairfax. I dare say they often think of you, and wonder -which will be the day, the precise day of the instrument's coming to -hand. Do you imagine Colonel Campbell knows the business to be going -forward just at this time?--Do you imagine it to be the consequence -of an immediate commission from him, or that he may have sent only -a general direction, an order indefinite as to time, to depend upon -contingencies and conveniences?" - -He paused. She could not but hear; she could not avoid answering, - -"Till I have a letter from Colonel Campbell," said she, in a voice of -forced calmness, "I can imagine nothing with any confidence. It must be -all conjecture." - -"Conjecture--aye, sometimes one conjectures right, and sometimes one -conjectures wrong. I wish I could conjecture how soon I shall make this -rivet quite firm. What nonsense one talks, Miss Woodhouse, when hard -at work, if one talks at all;--your real workmen, I suppose, hold their -tongues; but we gentlemen labourers if we get hold of a word--Miss -Fairfax said something about conjecturing. There, it is done. I have the -pleasure, madam, (to Mrs. Bates,) of restoring your spectacles, healed -for the present." - -He was very warmly thanked both by mother and daughter; to escape a -little from the latter, he went to the pianoforte, and begged Miss -Fairfax, who was still sitting at it, to play something more. - -"If you are very kind," said he, "it will be one of the waltzes we -danced last night;--let me live them over again. You did not enjoy them -as I did; you appeared tired the whole time. I believe you were glad we -danced no longer; but I would have given worlds--all the worlds one ever -has to give--for another half-hour." - -She played. - -"What felicity it is to hear a tune again which _has_ made one -happy!--If I mistake not that was danced at Weymouth." - -She looked up at him for a moment, coloured deeply, and played something -else. He took some music from a chair near the pianoforte, and turning -to Emma, said, - -"Here is something quite new to me. Do you know it?--Cramer.--And here -are a new set of Irish melodies. That, from such a quarter, one might -expect. This was all sent with the instrument. Very thoughtful of -Colonel Campbell, was not it?--He knew Miss Fairfax could have no music -here. I honour that part of the attention particularly; it shews it to -have been so thoroughly from the heart. Nothing hastily done; nothing -incomplete. True affection only could have prompted it." - -Emma wished he would be less pointed, yet could not help being amused; -and when on glancing her eye towards Jane Fairfax she caught the remains -of a smile, when she saw that with all the deep blush of consciousness, -there had been a smile of secret delight, she had less scruple in the -amusement, and much less compunction with respect to her.--This -amiable, upright, perfect Jane Fairfax was apparently cherishing very -reprehensible feelings. - -He brought all the music to her, and they looked it over together.--Emma -took the opportunity of whispering, - -"You speak too plain. She must understand you." - -"I hope she does. I would have her understand me. I am not in the least -ashamed of my meaning." - -"But really, I am half ashamed, and wish I had never taken up the idea." - -"I am very glad you did, and that you communicated it to me. I have now -a key to all her odd looks and ways. Leave shame to her. If she does -wrong, she ought to feel it." - -"She is not entirely without it, I think." - -"I do not see much sign of it. She is playing _Robin_ _Adair_ at this -moment--_his_ favourite." - -Shortly afterwards Miss Bates, passing near the window, descried Mr. -Knightley on horse-back not far off. - -"Mr. Knightley I declare!--I must speak to him if possible, just to -thank him. I will not open the window here; it would give you all cold; -but I can go into my mother's room you know. I dare say he will come -in when he knows who is here. Quite delightful to have you all meet -so!--Our little room so honoured!" - -She was in the adjoining chamber while she still spoke, and opening the -casement there, immediately called Mr. Knightley's attention, and every -syllable of their conversation was as distinctly heard by the others, as -if it had passed within the same apartment. - -"How d' ye do?--how d'ye do?--Very well, I thank you. So obliged to you -for the carriage last night. We were just in time; my mother just ready -for us. Pray come in; do come in. You will find some friends here." - -So began Miss Bates; and Mr. Knightley seemed determined to be heard in -his turn, for most resolutely and commandingly did he say, - -"How is your niece, Miss Bates?--I want to inquire after you all, but -particularly your niece. How is Miss Fairfax?--I hope she caught no cold -last night. How is she to-day? Tell me how Miss Fairfax is." - -And Miss Bates was obliged to give a direct answer before he would hear -her in any thing else. The listeners were amused; and Mrs. Weston gave -Emma a look of particular meaning. But Emma still shook her head in -steady scepticism. - -"So obliged to you!--so very much obliged to you for the carriage," -resumed Miss Bates. - -He cut her short with, - -"I am going to Kingston. Can I do any thing for you?" - -"Oh! dear, Kingston--are you?--Mrs. Cole was saying the other day she -wanted something from Kingston." - -"Mrs. Cole has servants to send. Can I do any thing for _you_?" - -"No, I thank you. But do come in. Who do you think is here?--Miss -Woodhouse and Miss Smith; so kind as to call to hear the new pianoforte. -Do put up your horse at the Crown, and come in." - -"Well," said he, in a deliberating manner, "for five minutes, perhaps." - -"And here is Mrs. Weston and Mr. Frank Churchill too!--Quite delightful; -so many friends!" - -"No, not now, I thank you. I could not stay two minutes. I must get on -to Kingston as fast as I can." - -"Oh! do come in. They will be so very happy to see you." - -"No, no; your room is full enough. I will call another day, and hear the -pianoforte." - -"Well, I am so sorry!--Oh! Mr. Knightley, what a delightful party last -night; how extremely pleasant.--Did you ever see such dancing?--Was not -it delightful?--Miss Woodhouse and Mr. Frank Churchill; I never saw any -thing equal to it." - -"Oh! very delightful indeed; I can say nothing less, for I suppose Miss -Woodhouse and Mr. Frank Churchill are hearing every thing that passes. -And (raising his voice still more) I do not see why Miss Fairfax should -not be mentioned too. I think Miss Fairfax dances very well; and Mrs. -Weston is the very best country-dance player, without exception, -in England. Now, if your friends have any gratitude, they will say -something pretty loud about you and me in return; but I cannot stay to -hear it." - -"Oh! Mr. Knightley, one moment more; something of consequence--so -shocked!--Jane and I are both so shocked about the apples!" - -"What is the matter now?" - -"To think of your sending us all your store apples. You said you had -a great many, and now you have not one left. We really are so shocked! -Mrs. Hodges may well be angry. William Larkins mentioned it here. You -should not have done it, indeed you should not. Ah! he is off. He never -can bear to be thanked. But I thought he would have staid now, and it -would have been a pity not to have mentioned.... Well, (returning to the -room,) I have not been able to succeed. Mr. Knightley cannot stop. He is -going to Kingston. He asked me if he could do any thing...." - -"Yes," said Jane, "we heard his kind offers, we heard every thing." - -"Oh! yes, my dear, I dare say you might, because you know, the door was -open, and the window was open, and Mr. Knightley spoke loud. You must -have heard every thing to be sure. 'Can I do any thing for you at -Kingston?' said he; so I just mentioned.... Oh! Miss Woodhouse, must you -be going?--You seem but just come--so very obliging of you." - -Emma found it really time to be at home; the visit had already lasted -long; and on examining watches, so much of the morning was perceived -to be gone, that Mrs. Weston and her companion taking leave also, could -allow themselves only to walk with the two young ladies to Hartfield -gates, before they set off for Randalls. - - - -CHAPTER XI - - -It may be possible to do without dancing entirely. Instances have been -known of young people passing many, many months successively, without -being at any ball of any description, and no material injury accrue -either to body or mind;--but when a beginning is made--when the -felicities of rapid motion have once been, though slightly, felt--it -must be a very heavy set that does not ask for more. - -Frank Churchill had danced once at Highbury, and longed to dance again; -and the last half-hour of an evening which Mr. Woodhouse was persuaded -to spend with his daughter at Randalls, was passed by the two young -people in schemes on the subject. Frank's was the first idea; and his -the greatest zeal in pursuing it; for the lady was the best judge of the -difficulties, and the most solicitous for accommodation and appearance. -But still she had inclination enough for shewing people again how -delightfully Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Woodhouse danced--for -doing that in which she need not blush to compare herself with Jane -Fairfax--and even for simple dancing itself, without any of the wicked -aids of vanity--to assist him first in pacing out the room they were in -to see what it could be made to hold--and then in taking the dimensions -of the other parlour, in the hope of discovering, in spite of all that -Mr. Weston could say of their exactly equal size, that it was a little -the largest. - -His first proposition and request, that the dance begun at Mr. Cole's -should be finished there--that the same party should be collected, -and the same musician engaged, met with the readiest acquiescence. Mr. -Weston entered into the idea with thorough enjoyment, and Mrs. Weston -most willingly undertook to play as long as they could wish to dance; -and the interesting employment had followed, of reckoning up exactly who -there would be, and portioning out the indispensable division of space -to every couple. - -"You and Miss Smith, and Miss Fairfax, will be three, and the two Miss -Coxes five," had been repeated many times over. "And there will be the -two Gilberts, young Cox, my father, and myself, besides Mr. Knightley. -Yes, that will be quite enough for pleasure. You and Miss Smith, and -Miss Fairfax, will be three, and the two Miss Coxes five; and for five -couple there will be plenty of room." - -But soon it came to be on one side, - -"But will there be good room for five couple?--I really do not think -there will." - -On another, - -"And after all, five couple are not enough to make it worth while to -stand up. Five couple are nothing, when one thinks seriously about it. -It will not do to _invite_ five couple. It can be allowable only as the -thought of the moment." - -Somebody said that _Miss_ Gilbert was expected at her brother's, and -must be invited with the rest. Somebody else believed _Mrs_. Gilbert -would have danced the other evening, if she had been asked. A word was -put in for a second young Cox; and at last, Mr. Weston naming one family -of cousins who must be included, and another of very old acquaintance -who could not be left out, it became a certainty that the five couple -would be at least ten, and a very interesting speculation in what -possible manner they could be disposed of. - -The doors of the two rooms were just opposite each other. "Might not -they use both rooms, and dance across the passage?" It seemed the -best scheme; and yet it was not so good but that many of them wanted a -better. Emma said it would be awkward; Mrs. Weston was in distress about -the supper; and Mr. Woodhouse opposed it earnestly, on the score of -health. It made him so very unhappy, indeed, that it could not be -persevered in. - -"Oh! no," said he; "it would be the extreme of imprudence. I could not -bear it for Emma!--Emma is not strong. She would catch a dreadful cold. -So would poor little Harriet. So you would all. Mrs. Weston, you would -be quite laid up; do not let them talk of such a wild thing. Pray do -not let them talk of it. That young man (speaking lower) is very -thoughtless. Do not tell his father, but that young man is not quite -the thing. He has been opening the doors very often this evening, -and keeping them open very inconsiderately. He does not think of the -draught. I do not mean to set you against him, but indeed he is not -quite the thing!" - -Mrs. Weston was sorry for such a charge. She knew the importance of -it, and said every thing in her power to do it away. Every door was now -closed, the passage plan given up, and the first scheme of dancing only -in the room they were in resorted to again; and with such good-will on -Frank Churchill's part, that the space which a quarter of an hour before -had been deemed barely sufficient for five couple, was now endeavoured -to be made out quite enough for ten. - -"We were too magnificent," said he. "We allowed unnecessary room. Ten -couple may stand here very well." - -Emma demurred. "It would be a crowd--a sad crowd; and what could be -worse than dancing without space to turn in?" - -"Very true," he gravely replied; "it was very bad." But still he went on -measuring, and still he ended with, - -"I think there will be very tolerable room for ten couple." - -"No, no," said she, "you are quite unreasonable. It would be dreadful -to be standing so close! Nothing can be farther from pleasure than to be -dancing in a crowd--and a crowd in a little room!" - -"There is no denying it," he replied. "I agree with you exactly. A crowd -in a little room--Miss Woodhouse, you have the art of giving pictures -in a few words. Exquisite, quite exquisite!--Still, however, having -proceeded so far, one is unwilling to give the matter up. It would be -a disappointment to my father--and altogether--I do not know that--I am -rather of opinion that ten couple might stand here very well." - -Emma perceived that the nature of his gallantry was a little -self-willed, and that he would rather oppose than lose the pleasure of -dancing with her; but she took the compliment, and forgave the rest. -Had she intended ever to _marry_ him, it might have been worth while to -pause and consider, and try to understand the value of his preference, -and the character of his temper; but for all the purposes of their -acquaintance, he was quite amiable enough. - -Before the middle of the next day, he was at Hartfield; and he entered -the room with such an agreeable smile as certified the continuance of -the scheme. It soon appeared that he came to announce an improvement. - -"Well, Miss Woodhouse," he almost immediately began, "your inclination -for dancing has not been quite frightened away, I hope, by the terrors -of my father's little rooms. I bring a new proposal on the subject:--a -thought of my father's, which waits only your approbation to be acted -upon. May I hope for the honour of your hand for the two first dances -of this little projected ball, to be given, not at Randalls, but at the -Crown Inn?" - -"The Crown!" - -"Yes; if you and Mr. Woodhouse see no objection, and I trust you cannot, -my father hopes his friends will be so kind as to visit him there. -Better accommodations, he can promise them, and not a less grateful -welcome than at Randalls. It is his own idea. Mrs. Weston sees no -objection to it, provided you are satisfied. This is what we all feel. -Oh! you were perfectly right! Ten couple, in either of the Randalls -rooms, would have been insufferable!--Dreadful!--I felt how right you -were the whole time, but was too anxious for securing _any_ _thing_ -to like to yield. Is not it a good exchange?--You consent--I hope you -consent?" - -"It appears to me a plan that nobody can object to, if Mr. and Mrs. -Weston do not. I think it admirable; and, as far as I can answer for -myself, shall be most happy--It seems the only improvement that could -be. Papa, do you not think it an excellent improvement?" - -She was obliged to repeat and explain it, before it was fully -comprehended; and then, being quite new, farther representations were -necessary to make it acceptable. - -"No; he thought it very far from an improvement--a very bad plan--much -worse than the other. A room at an inn was always damp and dangerous; -never properly aired, or fit to be inhabited. If they must dance, they -had better dance at Randalls. He had never been in the room at the Crown -in his life--did not know the people who kept it by sight.--Oh! no--a -very bad plan. They would catch worse colds at the Crown than anywhere." - -"I was going to observe, sir," said Frank Churchill, "that one of the -great recommendations of this change would be the very little danger -of any body's catching cold--so much less danger at the Crown than at -Randalls! Mr. Perry might have reason to regret the alteration, but -nobody else could." - -"Sir," said Mr. Woodhouse, rather warmly, "you are very much mistaken -if you suppose Mr. Perry to be that sort of character. Mr. Perry is -extremely concerned when any of us are ill. But I do not understand how -the room at the Crown can be safer for you than your father's house." - -"From the very circumstance of its being larger, sir. We shall have no -occasion to open the windows at all--not once the whole evening; and it -is that dreadful habit of opening the windows, letting in cold air upon -heated bodies, which (as you well know, sir) does the mischief." - -"Open the windows!--but surely, Mr. Churchill, nobody would think of -opening the windows at Randalls. Nobody could be so imprudent! I never -heard of such a thing. Dancing with open windows!--I am sure, neither -your father nor Mrs. Weston (poor Miss Taylor that was) would suffer -it." - -"Ah! sir--but a thoughtless young person will sometimes step behind a -window-curtain, and throw up a sash, without its being suspected. I have -often known it done myself." - -"Have you indeed, sir?--Bless me! I never could have supposed it. But I -live out of the world, and am often astonished at what I hear. However, -this does make a difference; and, perhaps, when we come to talk it -over--but these sort of things require a good deal of consideration. One -cannot resolve upon them in a hurry. If Mr. and Mrs. Weston will be so -obliging as to call here one morning, we may talk it over, and see what -can be done." - -"But, unfortunately, sir, my time is so limited--" - -"Oh!" interrupted Emma, "there will be plenty of time for talking every -thing over. There is no hurry at all. If it can be contrived to be at -the Crown, papa, it will be very convenient for the horses. They will be -so near their own stable." - -"So they will, my dear. That is a great thing. Not that James ever -complains; but it is right to spare our horses when we can. If I could -be sure of the rooms being thoroughly aired--but is Mrs. Stokes to be -trusted? I doubt it. I do not know her, even by sight." - -"I can answer for every thing of that nature, sir, because it will be -under Mrs. Weston's care. Mrs. Weston undertakes to direct the whole." - -"There, papa!--Now you must be satisfied--Our own dear Mrs. Weston, who -is carefulness itself. Do not you remember what Mr. Perry said, so many -years ago, when I had the measles? 'If _Miss_ _Taylor_ undertakes to -wrap Miss Emma up, you need not have any fears, sir.' How often have I -heard you speak of it as such a compliment to her!" - -"Aye, very true. Mr. Perry did say so. I shall never forget it. Poor -little Emma! You were very bad with the measles; that is, you would have -been very bad, but for Perry's great attention. He came four times a day -for a week. He said, from the first, it was a very good sort--which -was our great comfort; but the measles are a dreadful complaint. I hope -whenever poor Isabella's little ones have the measles, she will send for -Perry." - -"My father and Mrs. Weston are at the Crown at this moment," said Frank -Churchill, "examining the capabilities of the house. I left them there -and came on to Hartfield, impatient for your opinion, and hoping you -might be persuaded to join them and give your advice on the spot. I was -desired to say so from both. It would be the greatest pleasure to -them, if you could allow me to attend you there. They can do nothing -satisfactorily without you." - -Emma was most happy to be called to such a council; and her father, -engaging to think it all over while she was gone, the two young people -set off together without delay for the Crown. There were Mr. and Mrs. -Weston; delighted to see her and receive her approbation, very busy and -very happy in their different way; she, in some little distress; and he, -finding every thing perfect. - -"Emma," said she, "this paper is worse than I expected. Look! in places -you see it is dreadfully dirty; and the wainscot is more yellow and -forlorn than any thing I could have imagined." - -"My dear, you are too particular," said her husband. "What does all that -signify? You will see nothing of it by candlelight. It will be as -clean as Randalls by candlelight. We never see any thing of it on our -club-nights." - -The ladies here probably exchanged looks which meant, "Men never know -when things are dirty or not;" and the gentlemen perhaps thought each to -himself, "Women will have their little nonsenses and needless cares." - -One perplexity, however, arose, which the gentlemen did not disdain. -It regarded a supper-room. At the time of the ballroom's being built, -suppers had not been in question; and a small card-room adjoining, was -the only addition. What was to be done? This card-room would be wanted -as a card-room now; or, if cards were conveniently voted unnecessary -by their four selves, still was it not too small for any comfortable -supper? Another room of much better size might be secured for the -purpose; but it was at the other end of the house, and a long awkward -passage must be gone through to get at it. This made a difficulty. Mrs. -Weston was afraid of draughts for the young people in that passage; -and neither Emma nor the gentlemen could tolerate the prospect of being -miserably crowded at supper. - -Mrs. Weston proposed having no regular supper; merely sandwiches, -&c., set out in the little room; but that was scouted as a wretched -suggestion. A private dance, without sitting down to supper, was -pronounced an infamous fraud upon the rights of men and women; and -Mrs. Weston must not speak of it again. She then took another line of -expediency, and looking into the doubtful room, observed, - -"I do not think it _is_ so very small. We shall not be many, you know." - -And Mr. Weston at the same time, walking briskly with long steps through -the passage, was calling out, - -"You talk a great deal of the length of this passage, my dear. It is a -mere nothing after all; and not the least draught from the stairs." - -"I wish," said Mrs. Weston, "one could know which arrangement our guests -in general would like best. To do what would be most generally pleasing -must be our object--if one could but tell what that would be." - -"Yes, very true," cried Frank, "very true. You want your neighbours' -opinions. I do not wonder at you. If one could ascertain what the chief -of them--the Coles, for instance. They are not far off. Shall I call -upon them? Or Miss Bates? She is still nearer.--And I do not know -whether Miss Bates is not as likely to understand the inclinations of -the rest of the people as any body. I think we do want a larger council. -Suppose I go and invite Miss Bates to join us?" - -"Well--if you please," said Mrs. Weston rather hesitating, "if you think -she will be of any use." - -"You will get nothing to the purpose from Miss Bates," said Emma. "She -will be all delight and gratitude, but she will tell you nothing. She -will not even listen to your questions. I see no advantage in consulting -Miss Bates." - -"But she is so amusing, so extremely amusing! I am very fond of hearing -Miss Bates talk. And I need not bring the whole family, you know." - -Here Mr. Weston joined them, and on hearing what was proposed, gave it -his decided approbation. - -"Aye, do, Frank.--Go and fetch Miss Bates, and let us end the matter at -once. She will enjoy the scheme, I am sure; and I do not know a properer -person for shewing us how to do away difficulties. Fetch Miss Bates. -We are growing a little too nice. She is a standing lesson of how to be -happy. But fetch them both. Invite them both." - -"Both sir! Can the old lady?"... - -"The old lady! No, the young lady, to be sure. I shall think you a great -blockhead, Frank, if you bring the aunt without the niece." - -"Oh! I beg your pardon, sir. I did not immediately recollect. -Undoubtedly if you wish it, I will endeavour to persuade them both." And -away he ran. - -Long before he reappeared, attending the short, neat, brisk-moving aunt, -and her elegant niece,--Mrs. Weston, like a sweet-tempered woman and -a good wife, had examined the passage again, and found the evils of it -much less than she had supposed before--indeed very trifling; and here -ended the difficulties of decision. All the rest, in speculation at -least, was perfectly smooth. All the minor arrangements of table and -chair, lights and music, tea and supper, made themselves; or were left -as mere trifles to be settled at any time between Mrs. Weston and Mrs. -Stokes.--Every body invited, was certainly to come; Frank had already -written to Enscombe to propose staying a few days beyond his fortnight, -which could not possibly be refused. And a delightful dance it was to -be. - -Most cordially, when Miss Bates arrived, did she agree that it must. -As a counsellor she was not wanted; but as an approver, (a much safer -character,) she was truly welcome. Her approbation, at once general -and minute, warm and incessant, could not but please; and for another -half-hour they were all walking to and fro, between the different rooms, -some suggesting, some attending, and all in happy enjoyment of the -future. The party did not break up without Emma's being positively -secured for the two first dances by the hero of the evening, nor without -her overhearing Mr. Weston whisper to his wife, "He has asked her, my -dear. That's right. I knew he would!" - - - -CHAPTER XII - - -One thing only was wanting to make the prospect of the ball completely -satisfactory to Emma--its being fixed for a day within the granted -term of Frank Churchill's stay in Surry; for, in spite of Mr. Weston's -confidence, she could not think it so very impossible that the -Churchills might not allow their nephew to remain a day beyond his -fortnight. But this was not judged feasible. The preparations must take -their time, nothing could be properly ready till the third week were -entered on, and for a few days they must be planning, proceeding and -hoping in uncertainty--at the risk--in her opinion, the great risk, of -its being all in vain. - -Enscombe however was gracious, gracious in fact, if not in word. His -wish of staying longer evidently did not please; but it was not opposed. -All was safe and prosperous; and as the removal of one solicitude -generally makes way for another, Emma, being now certain of her -ball, began to adopt as the next vexation Mr. Knightley's provoking -indifference about it. Either because he did not dance himself, or -because the plan had been formed without his being consulted, he -seemed resolved that it should not interest him, determined against its -exciting any present curiosity, or affording him any future amusement. -To her voluntary communications Emma could get no more approving reply, -than, - -"Very well. If the Westons think it worth while to be at all this -trouble for a few hours of noisy entertainment, I have nothing to say -against it, but that they shall not chuse pleasures for me.--Oh! yes, -I must be there; I could not refuse; and I will keep as much awake as -I can; but I would rather be at home, looking over William Larkins's -week's account; much rather, I confess.--Pleasure in seeing -dancing!--not I, indeed--I never look at it--I do not know who -does.--Fine dancing, I believe, like virtue, must be its own reward. -Those who are standing by are usually thinking of something very -different." - -This Emma felt was aimed at her; and it made her quite angry. It was not -in compliment to Jane Fairfax however that he was so indifferent, or so -indignant; he was not guided by _her_ feelings in reprobating the ball, -for _she_ enjoyed the thought of it to an extraordinary degree. It made -her animated--open hearted--she voluntarily said;-- - -"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, I hope nothing may happen to prevent the ball. -What a disappointment it would be! I do look forward to it, I own, with -_very_ great pleasure." - -It was not to oblige Jane Fairfax therefore that he would have preferred -the society of William Larkins. No!--she was more and more convinced -that Mrs. Weston was quite mistaken in that surmise. There was a great -deal of friendly and of compassionate attachment on his side--but no -love. - -Alas! there was soon no leisure for quarrelling with Mr. Knightley. Two -days of joyful security were immediately followed by the over-throw of -every thing. A letter arrived from Mr. Churchill to urge his nephew's -instant return. Mrs. Churchill was unwell--far too unwell to do without -him; she had been in a very suffering state (so said her husband) -when writing to her nephew two days before, though from her usual -unwillingness to give pain, and constant habit of never thinking of -herself, she had not mentioned it; but now she was too ill to trifle, -and must entreat him to set off for Enscombe without delay. - -The substance of this letter was forwarded to Emma, in a note from Mrs. -Weston, instantly. As to his going, it was inevitable. He must be gone -within a few hours, though without feeling any real alarm for his aunt, -to lessen his repugnance. He knew her illnesses; they never occurred but -for her own convenience. - -Mrs. Weston added, "that he could only allow himself time to hurry to -Highbury, after breakfast, and take leave of the few friends there -whom he could suppose to feel any interest in him; and that he might be -expected at Hartfield very soon." - -This wretched note was the finale of Emma's breakfast. When once it had -been read, there was no doing any thing, but lament and exclaim. The -loss of the ball--the loss of the young man--and all that the young man -might be feeling!--It was too wretched!--Such a delightful evening as -it would have been!--Every body so happy! and she and her partner the -happiest!--"I said it would be so," was the only consolation. - -Her father's feelings were quite distinct. He thought principally of -Mrs. Churchill's illness, and wanted to know how she was treated; and as -for the ball, it was shocking to have dear Emma disappointed; but they -would all be safer at home. - -Emma was ready for her visitor some time before he appeared; but if this -reflected at all upon his impatience, his sorrowful look and total want -of spirits when he did come might redeem him. He felt the going away -almost too much to speak of it. His dejection was most evident. He -sat really lost in thought for the first few minutes; and when rousing -himself, it was only to say, - -"Of all horrid things, leave-taking is the worst." - -"But you will come again," said Emma. "This will not be your only visit -to Randalls." - -"Ah!--(shaking his head)--the uncertainty of when I may be able to -return!--I shall try for it with a zeal!--It will be the object of -all my thoughts and cares!--and if my uncle and aunt go to town this -spring--but I am afraid--they did not stir last spring--I am afraid it -is a custom gone for ever." - -"Our poor ball must be quite given up." - -"Ah! that ball!--why did we wait for any thing?--why not seize the -pleasure at once?--How often is happiness destroyed by preparation, -foolish preparation!--You told us it would be so.--Oh! Miss Woodhouse, -why are you always so right?" - -"Indeed, I am very sorry to be right in this instance. I would much -rather have been merry than wise." - -"If I can come again, we are still to have our ball. My father depends -on it. Do not forget your engagement." - -Emma looked graciously. - -"Such a fortnight as it has been!" he continued; "every day more -precious and more delightful than the day before!--every day making -me less fit to bear any other place. Happy those, who can remain at -Highbury!" - -"As you do us such ample justice now," said Emma, laughing, "I will -venture to ask, whether you did not come a little doubtfully at first? -Do not we rather surpass your expectations? I am sure we do. I am sure -you did not much expect to like us. You would not have been so long in -coming, if you had had a pleasant idea of Highbury." - -He laughed rather consciously; and though denying the sentiment, Emma -was convinced that it had been so. - -"And you must be off this very morning?" - -"Yes; my father is to join me here: we shall walk back together, and I -must be off immediately. I am almost afraid that every moment will bring -him." - -"Not five minutes to spare even for your friends Miss Fairfax and Miss -Bates? How unlucky! Miss Bates's powerful, argumentative mind might have -strengthened yours." - -"Yes--I _have_ called there; passing the door, I thought it better. It -was a right thing to do. I went in for three minutes, and was detained -by Miss Bates's being absent. She was out; and I felt it impossible not -to wait till she came in. She is a woman that one may, that one _must_ -laugh at; but that one would not wish to slight. It was better to pay my -visit, then"-- - -He hesitated, got up, walked to a window. - -"In short," said he, "perhaps, Miss Woodhouse--I think you can hardly be -quite without suspicion"-- - -He looked at her, as if wanting to read her thoughts. She hardly knew -what to say. It seemed like the forerunner of something absolutely -serious, which she did not wish. Forcing herself to speak, therefore, in -the hope of putting it by, she calmly said, - -"You are quite in the right; it was most natural to pay your visit, -then"-- - -He was silent. She believed he was looking at her; probably reflecting -on what she had said, and trying to understand the manner. She heard -him sigh. It was natural for him to feel that he had _cause_ to sigh. -He could not believe her to be encouraging him. A few awkward moments -passed, and he sat down again; and in a more determined manner said, - -"It was something to feel that all the rest of my time might be given to -Hartfield. My regard for Hartfield is most warm"-- - -He stopt again, rose again, and seemed quite embarrassed.--He was more -in love with her than Emma had supposed; and who can say how it might -have ended, if his father had not made his appearance? Mr. Woodhouse -soon followed; and the necessity of exertion made him composed. - -A very few minutes more, however, completed the present trial. Mr. -Weston, always alert when business was to be done, and as incapable of -procrastinating any evil that was inevitable, as of foreseeing any that -was doubtful, said, "It was time to go;" and the young man, though he -might and did sigh, could not but agree, to take leave. - -"I shall hear about you all," said he; "that is my chief consolation. -I shall hear of every thing that is going on among you. I have engaged -Mrs. Weston to correspond with me. She has been so kind as to promise -it. Oh! the blessing of a female correspondent, when one is really -interested in the absent!--she will tell me every thing. In her letters -I shall be at dear Highbury again." - -A very friendly shake of the hand, a very earnest "Good-bye," closed the -speech, and the door had soon shut out Frank Churchill. Short had been -the notice--short their meeting; he was gone; and Emma felt so sorry -to part, and foresaw so great a loss to their little society from his -absence as to begin to be afraid of being too sorry, and feeling it too -much. - -It was a sad change. They had been meeting almost every day since his -arrival. Certainly his being at Randalls had given great spirit to -the last two weeks--indescribable spirit; the idea, the expectation -of seeing him which every morning had brought, the assurance of his -attentions, his liveliness, his manners! It had been a very happy -fortnight, and forlorn must be the sinking from it into the common -course of Hartfield days. To complete every other recommendation, he had -_almost_ told her that he loved her. What strength, or what constancy of -affection he might be subject to, was another point; but at present -she could not doubt his having a decidedly warm admiration, a conscious -preference of herself; and this persuasion, joined to all the rest, -made her think that she _must_ be a little in love with him, in spite of -every previous determination against it. - -"I certainly must," said she. "This sensation of listlessness, -weariness, stupidity, this disinclination to sit down and employ myself, -this feeling of every thing's being dull and insipid about the house!-- -I must be in love; I should be the oddest creature in the world if I -were not--for a few weeks at least. Well! evil to some is always good to -others. I shall have many fellow-mourners for the ball, if not for Frank -Churchill; but Mr. Knightley will be happy. He may spend the evening -with his dear William Larkins now if he likes." - -Mr. Knightley, however, shewed no triumphant happiness. He could not say -that he was sorry on his own account; his very cheerful look would have -contradicted him if he had; but he said, and very steadily, that he -was sorry for the disappointment of the others, and with considerable -kindness added, - -"You, Emma, who have so few opportunities of dancing, you are really out -of luck; you are very much out of luck!" - -It was some days before she saw Jane Fairfax, to judge of her honest -regret in this woeful change; but when they did meet, her composure -was odious. She had been particularly unwell, however, suffering from -headache to a degree, which made her aunt declare, that had the ball -taken place, she did not think Jane could have attended it; and it was -charity to impute some of her unbecoming indifference to the languor of -ill-health. - - - -CHAPTER XIII - - -Emma continued to entertain no doubt of her being in love. Her ideas -only varied as to the how much. At first, she thought it was a good -deal; and afterwards, but little. She had great pleasure in hearing -Frank Churchill talked of; and, for his sake, greater pleasure than ever -in seeing Mr. and Mrs. Weston; she was very often thinking of him, and -quite impatient for a letter, that she might know how he was, how were -his spirits, how was his aunt, and what was the chance of his coming to -Randalls again this spring. But, on the other hand, she could not admit -herself to be unhappy, nor, after the first morning, to be less disposed -for employment than usual; she was still busy and cheerful; and, -pleasing as he was, she could yet imagine him to have faults; and -farther, though thinking of him so much, and, as she sat drawing or -working, forming a thousand amusing schemes for the progress and close -of their attachment, fancying interesting dialogues, and inventing -elegant letters; the conclusion of every imaginary declaration on his -side was that she _refused_ _him_. Their affection was always to subside -into friendship. Every thing tender and charming was to mark their -parting; but still they were to part. When she became sensible of this, -it struck her that she could not be very much in love; for in spite of -her previous and fixed determination never to quit her father, never -to marry, a strong attachment certainly must produce more of a struggle -than she could foresee in her own feelings. - -"I do not find myself making any use of the word _sacrifice_," said -she.--"In not one of all my clever replies, my delicate negatives, is -there any allusion to making a sacrifice. I do suspect that he is not -really necessary to my happiness. So much the better. I certainly will -not persuade myself to feel more than I do. I am quite enough in love. I -should be sorry to be more." - -Upon the whole, she was equally contented with her view of his feelings. - -"_He_ is undoubtedly very much in love--every thing denotes it--very -much in love indeed!--and when he comes again, if his affection -continue, I must be on my guard not to encourage it.--It would be most -inexcusable to do otherwise, as my own mind is quite made up. Not that I -imagine he can think I have been encouraging him hitherto. No, if he -had believed me at all to share his feelings, he would not have been -so wretched. Could he have thought himself encouraged, his looks and -language at parting would have been different.--Still, however, I must -be on my guard. This is in the supposition of his attachment continuing -what it now is; but I do not know that I expect it will; I do not look -upon him to be quite the sort of man--I do not altogether build upon -his steadiness or constancy.--His feelings are warm, but I can imagine -them rather changeable.--Every consideration of the subject, in short, -makes me thankful that my happiness is not more deeply involved.--I -shall do very well again after a little while--and then, it will be a -good thing over; for they say every body is in love once in their lives, -and I shall have been let off easily." - -When his letter to Mrs. Weston arrived, Emma had the perusal of it; and -she read it with a degree of pleasure and admiration which made her -at first shake her head over her own sensations, and think she had -undervalued their strength. It was a long, well-written letter, giving -the particulars of his journey and of his feelings, expressing all the -affection, gratitude, and respect which was natural and honourable, -and describing every thing exterior and local that could be supposed -attractive, with spirit and precision. No suspicious flourishes now of -apology or concern; it was the language of real feeling towards Mrs. -Weston; and the transition from Highbury to Enscombe, the contrast -between the places in some of the first blessings of social life was -just enough touched on to shew how keenly it was felt, and how much more -might have been said but for the restraints of propriety.--The charm -of her own name was not wanting. _Miss_ _Woodhouse_ appeared more than -once, and never without a something of pleasing connexion, either a -compliment to her taste, or a remembrance of what she had said; and in -the very last time of its meeting her eye, unadorned as it was by any -such broad wreath of gallantry, she yet could discern the effect of -her influence and acknowledge the greatest compliment perhaps of all -conveyed. Compressed into the very lowest vacant corner were these -words--"I had not a spare moment on Tuesday, as you know, for Miss -Woodhouse's beautiful little friend. Pray make my excuses and adieus -to her." This, Emma could not doubt, was all for herself. Harriet was -remembered only from being _her_ friend. His information and prospects -as to Enscombe were neither worse nor better than had been anticipated; -Mrs. Churchill was recovering, and he dared not yet, even in his own -imagination, fix a time for coming to Randalls again. - -Gratifying, however, and stimulative as was the letter in the material -part, its sentiments, she yet found, when it was folded up and returned -to Mrs. Weston, that it had not added any lasting warmth, that she could -still do without the writer, and that he must learn to do without her. -Her intentions were unchanged. Her resolution of refusal only grew more -interesting by the addition of a scheme for his subsequent consolation -and happiness. His recollection of Harriet, and the words which -clothed it, the "beautiful little friend," suggested to her the -idea of Harriet's succeeding her in his affections. Was it -impossible?--No.--Harriet undoubtedly was greatly his inferior in -understanding; but he had been very much struck with the loveliness -of her face and the warm simplicity of her manner; and all the -probabilities of circumstance and connexion were in her favour.--For -Harriet, it would be advantageous and delightful indeed. - -"I must not dwell upon it," said she.--"I must not think of it. I know -the danger of indulging such speculations. But stranger things have -happened; and when we cease to care for each other as we do now, it -will be the means of confirming us in that sort of true disinterested -friendship which I can already look forward to with pleasure." - -It was well to have a comfort in store on Harriet's behalf, though it -might be wise to let the fancy touch it seldom; for evil in that quarter -was at hand. As Frank Churchill's arrival had succeeded Mr. Elton's -engagement in the conversation of Highbury, as the latest interest -had entirely borne down the first, so now upon Frank Churchill's -disappearance, Mr. Elton's concerns were assuming the most irresistible -form.--His wedding-day was named. He would soon be among them again; Mr. -Elton and his bride. There was hardly time to talk over the first letter -from Enscombe before "Mr. Elton and his bride" was in every body's -mouth, and Frank Churchill was forgotten. Emma grew sick at the sound. -She had had three weeks of happy exemption from Mr. Elton; and Harriet's -mind, she had been willing to hope, had been lately gaining strength. -With Mr. Weston's ball in view at least, there had been a great deal of -insensibility to other things; but it was now too evident that she had -not attained such a state of composure as could stand against the actual -approach--new carriage, bell-ringing, and all. - -Poor Harriet was in a flutter of spirits which required all the -reasonings and soothings and attentions of every kind that Emma could -give. Emma felt that she could not do too much for her, that Harriet had -a right to all her ingenuity and all her patience; but it was heavy work -to be for ever convincing without producing any effect, for ever agreed -to, without being able to make their opinions the same. Harriet listened -submissively, and said "it was very true--it was just as Miss Woodhouse -described--it was not worth while to think about them--and she would not -think about them any longer" but no change of subject could avail, and -the next half-hour saw her as anxious and restless about the Eltons as -before. At last Emma attacked her on another ground. - -"Your allowing yourself to be so occupied and so unhappy about Mr. -Elton's marrying, Harriet, is the strongest reproach you can make _me_. -You could not give me a greater reproof for the mistake I fell into. -It was all my doing, I know. I have not forgotten it, I assure -you.--Deceived myself, I did very miserably deceive you--and it will -be a painful reflection to me for ever. Do not imagine me in danger of -forgetting it." - -Harriet felt this too much to utter more than a few words of eager -exclamation. Emma continued, - -"I have not said, exert yourself Harriet for my sake; think less, talk -less of Mr. Elton for my sake; because for your own sake rather, I -would wish it to be done, for the sake of what is more important than my -comfort, a habit of self-command in you, a consideration of what is your -duty, an attention to propriety, an endeavour to avoid the suspicions of -others, to save your health and credit, and restore your tranquillity. -These are the motives which I have been pressing on you. They are very -important--and sorry I am that you cannot feel them sufficiently to act -upon them. My being saved from pain is a very secondary consideration. -I want you to save yourself from greater pain. Perhaps I may sometimes -have felt that Harriet would not forget what was due--or rather what -would be kind by me." - -This appeal to her affections did more than all the rest. The idea of -wanting gratitude and consideration for Miss Woodhouse, whom she really -loved extremely, made her wretched for a while, and when the violence -of grief was comforted away, still remained powerful enough to prompt to -what was right and support her in it very tolerably. - -"You, who have been the best friend I ever had in my life--Want -gratitude to you!--Nobody is equal to you!--I care for nobody as I do -for you!--Oh! Miss Woodhouse, how ungrateful I have been!" - -Such expressions, assisted as they were by every thing that look and -manner could do, made Emma feel that she had never loved Harriet so -well, nor valued her affection so highly before. - -"There is no charm equal to tenderness of heart," said she afterwards to -herself. "There is nothing to be compared to it. Warmth and tenderness -of heart, with an affectionate, open manner, will beat all the -clearness of head in the world, for attraction, I am sure it will. It -is tenderness of heart which makes my dear father so generally -beloved--which gives Isabella all her popularity.--I have it not--but -I know how to prize and respect it.--Harriet is my superior in all the -charm and all the felicity it gives. Dear Harriet!--I would not change -you for the clearest-headed, longest-sighted, best-judging female -breathing. Oh! the coldness of a Jane Fairfax!--Harriet is worth a -hundred such--And for a wife--a sensible man's wife--it is invaluable. I -mention no names; but happy the man who changes Emma for Harriet!" - - - -CHAPTER XIV - - -Mrs. Elton was first seen at church: but though devotion might be -interrupted, curiosity could not be satisfied by a bride in a pew, and -it must be left for the visits in form which were then to be paid, to -settle whether she were very pretty indeed, or only rather pretty, or -not pretty at all. - -Emma had feelings, less of curiosity than of pride or propriety, to make -her resolve on not being the last to pay her respects; and she made a -point of Harriet's going with her, that the worst of the business might -be gone through as soon as possible. - -She could not enter the house again, could not be in the same room to -which she had with such vain artifice retreated three months ago, to -lace up her boot, without _recollecting_. A thousand vexatious thoughts -would recur. Compliments, charades, and horrible blunders; and it was -not to be supposed that poor Harriet should not be recollecting too; but -she behaved very well, and was only rather pale and silent. The visit -was of course short; and there was so much embarrassment and occupation -of mind to shorten it, that Emma would not allow herself entirely to -form an opinion of the lady, and on no account to give one, beyond the -nothing-meaning terms of being "elegantly dressed, and very pleasing." - -She did not really like her. She would not be in a hurry to find fault, -but she suspected that there was no elegance;--ease, but not elegance.-- -She was almost sure that for a young woman, a stranger, a bride, there -was too much ease. Her person was rather good; her face not unpretty; -but neither feature, nor air, nor voice, nor manner, were elegant. Emma -thought at least it would turn out so. - -As for Mr. Elton, his manners did not appear--but no, she would not -permit a hasty or a witty word from herself about his manners. It was an -awkward ceremony at any time to be receiving wedding visits, and a man -had need be all grace to acquit himself well through it. The woman -was better off; she might have the assistance of fine clothes, and the -privilege of bashfulness, but the man had only his own good sense to -depend on; and when she considered how peculiarly unlucky poor Mr. -Elton was in being in the same room at once with the woman he had just -married, the woman he had wanted to marry, and the woman whom he had -been expected to marry, she must allow him to have the right to look as -little wise, and to be as much affectedly, and as little really easy as -could be. - -"Well, Miss Woodhouse," said Harriet, when they had quitted the -house, and after waiting in vain for her friend to begin; "Well, Miss -Woodhouse, (with a gentle sigh,) what do you think of her?--Is not she -very charming?" - -There was a little hesitation in Emma's answer. - -"Oh! yes--very--a very pleasing young woman." - -"I think her beautiful, quite beautiful." - -"Very nicely dressed, indeed; a remarkably elegant gown." - -"I am not at all surprized that he should have fallen in love." - -"Oh! no--there is nothing to surprize one at all.--A pretty fortune; and -she came in his way." - -"I dare say," returned Harriet, sighing again, "I dare say she was very -much attached to him." - -"Perhaps she might; but it is not every man's fate to marry the woman -who loves him best. Miss Hawkins perhaps wanted a home, and thought this -the best offer she was likely to have." - -"Yes," said Harriet earnestly, "and well she might, nobody could ever -have a better. Well, I wish them happy with all my heart. And now, Miss -Woodhouse, I do not think I shall mind seeing them again. He is just as -superior as ever;--but being married, you know, it is quite a different -thing. No, indeed, Miss Woodhouse, you need not be afraid; I can sit and -admire him now without any great misery. To know that he has not thrown -himself away, is such a comfort!--She does seem a charming young woman, -just what he deserves. Happy creature! He called her 'Augusta.' How -delightful!" - -When the visit was returned, Emma made up her mind. She could then see -more and judge better. From Harriet's happening not to be at Hartfield, -and her father's being present to engage Mr. Elton, she had a quarter -of an hour of the lady's conversation to herself, and could composedly -attend to her; and the quarter of an hour quite convinced her that -Mrs. Elton was a vain woman, extremely well satisfied with herself, and -thinking much of her own importance; that she meant to shine and be very -superior, but with manners which had been formed in a bad school, pert -and familiar; that all her notions were drawn from one set of people, -and one style of living; that if not foolish she was ignorant, and that -her society would certainly do Mr. Elton no good. - -Harriet would have been a better match. If not wise or refined herself, -she would have connected him with those who were; but Miss Hawkins, it -might be fairly supposed from her easy conceit, had been the best of -her own set. The rich brother-in-law near Bristol was the pride of the -alliance, and his place and his carriages were the pride of him. - -The very first subject after being seated was Maple Grove, "My brother -Mr. Suckling's seat;"--a comparison of Hartfield to Maple Grove. The -grounds of Hartfield were small, but neat and pretty; and the house was -modern and well-built. Mrs. Elton seemed most favourably impressed -by the size of the room, the entrance, and all that she could see or -imagine. "Very like Maple Grove indeed!--She was quite struck by the -likeness!--That room was the very shape and size of the morning-room -at Maple Grove; her sister's favourite room."--Mr. Elton was appealed -to.--"Was not it astonishingly like?--She could really almost fancy -herself at Maple Grove." - -"And the staircase--You know, as I came in, I observed how very like the -staircase was; placed exactly in the same part of the house. I really -could not help exclaiming! I assure you, Miss Woodhouse, it is very -delightful to me, to be reminded of a place I am so extremely partial to -as Maple Grove. I have spent so many happy months there! (with a little -sigh of sentiment). A charming place, undoubtedly. Every body who -sees it is struck by its beauty; but to me, it has been quite a home. -Whenever you are transplanted, like me, Miss Woodhouse, you will -understand how very delightful it is to meet with any thing at all like -what one has left behind. I always say this is quite one of the evils of -matrimony." - -Emma made as slight a reply as she could; but it was fully sufficient -for Mrs. Elton, who only wanted to be talking herself. - -"So extremely like Maple Grove! And it is not merely the house--the -grounds, I assure you, as far as I could observe, are strikingly like. -The laurels at Maple Grove are in the same profusion as here, and stand -very much in the same way--just across the lawn; and I had a glimpse -of a fine large tree, with a bench round it, which put me so exactly in -mind! My brother and sister will be enchanted with this place. People -who have extensive grounds themselves are always pleased with any thing -in the same style." - -Emma doubted the truth of this sentiment. She had a great idea that -people who had extensive grounds themselves cared very little for the -extensive grounds of any body else; but it was not worth while to attack -an error so double-dyed, and therefore only said in reply, - -"When you have seen more of this country, I am afraid you will think you -have overrated Hartfield. Surry is full of beauties." - -"Oh! yes, I am quite aware of that. It is the garden of England, you -know. Surry is the garden of England." - -"Yes; but we must not rest our claims on that distinction. Many -counties, I believe, are called the garden of England, as well as -Surry." - -"No, I fancy not," replied Mrs. Elton, with a most satisfied smile. -"I never heard any county but Surry called so." - -Emma was silenced. - -"My brother and sister have promised us a visit in the spring, or summer -at farthest," continued Mrs. Elton; "and that will be our time for -exploring. While they are with us, we shall explore a great deal, I dare -say. They will have their barouche-landau, of course, which holds four -perfectly; and therefore, without saying any thing of _our_ carriage, -we should be able to explore the different beauties extremely well. They -would hardly come in their chaise, I think, at that season of the -year. Indeed, when the time draws on, I shall decidedly recommend their -bringing the barouche-landau; it will be so very much preferable. -When people come into a beautiful country of this sort, you know, Miss -Woodhouse, one naturally wishes them to see as much as possible; and Mr. -Suckling is extremely fond of exploring. We explored to King's-Weston -twice last summer, in that way, most delightfully, just after their -first having the barouche-landau. You have many parties of that kind -here, I suppose, Miss Woodhouse, every summer?" - -"No; not immediately here. We are rather out of distance of the very -striking beauties which attract the sort of parties you speak of; and we -are a very quiet set of people, I believe; more disposed to stay at home -than engage in schemes of pleasure." - -"Ah! there is nothing like staying at home for real comfort. Nobody can -be more devoted to home than I am. I was quite a proverb for it at Maple -Grove. Many a time has Selina said, when she has been going to Bristol, -'I really cannot get this girl to move from the house. I absolutely must -go in by myself, though I hate being stuck up in the barouche-landau -without a companion; but Augusta, I believe, with her own good-will, -would never stir beyond the park paling.' Many a time has she said so; -and yet I am no advocate for entire seclusion. I think, on the contrary, -when people shut themselves up entirely from society, it is a very -bad thing; and that it is much more advisable to mix in the world in -a proper degree, without living in it either too much or too little. I -perfectly understand your situation, however, Miss Woodhouse--(looking -towards Mr. Woodhouse), Your father's state of health must be a great -drawback. Why does not he try Bath?--Indeed he should. Let me recommend -Bath to you. I assure you I have no doubt of its doing Mr. Woodhouse -good." - -"My father tried it more than once, formerly; but without receiving any -benefit; and Mr. Perry, whose name, I dare say, is not unknown to you, -does not conceive it would be at all more likely to be useful now." - -"Ah! that's a great pity; for I assure you, Miss Woodhouse, where the -waters do agree, it is quite wonderful the relief they give. In my Bath -life, I have seen such instances of it! And it is so cheerful a place, -that it could not fail of being of use to Mr. Woodhouse's spirits, -which, I understand, are sometimes much depressed. And as to its -recommendations to _you_, I fancy I need not take much pains to dwell -on them. The advantages of Bath to the young are pretty generally -understood. It would be a charming introduction for you, who have lived -so secluded a life; and I could immediately secure you some of the best -society in the place. A line from me would bring you a little host of -acquaintance; and my particular friend, Mrs. Partridge, the lady I have -always resided with when in Bath, would be most happy to shew you any -attentions, and would be the very person for you to go into public -with." - -It was as much as Emma could bear, without being impolite. The idea -of her being indebted to Mrs. Elton for what was called an -_introduction_--of her going into public under the auspices of a friend -of Mrs. Elton's--probably some vulgar, dashing widow, who, with the -help of a boarder, just made a shift to live!--The dignity of Miss -Woodhouse, of Hartfield, was sunk indeed! - -She restrained herself, however, from any of the reproofs she could have -given, and only thanked Mrs. Elton coolly; "but their going to Bath was -quite out of the question; and she was not perfectly convinced that -the place might suit her better than her father." And then, to prevent -farther outrage and indignation, changed the subject directly. - -"I do not ask whether you are musical, Mrs. Elton. Upon these occasions, -a lady's character generally precedes her; and Highbury has long known -that you are a superior performer." - -"Oh! no, indeed; I must protest against any such idea. A superior -performer!--very far from it, I assure you. Consider from how partial -a quarter your information came. I am doatingly fond of -music--passionately fond;--and my friends say I am not entirely devoid -of taste; but as to any thing else, upon my honour my performance is -_mediocre_ to the last degree. You, Miss Woodhouse, I well know, play -delightfully. I assure you it has been the greatest satisfaction, -comfort, and delight to me, to hear what a musical society I am got -into. I absolutely cannot do without music. It is a necessary of life to -me; and having always been used to a very musical society, both at -Maple Grove and in Bath, it would have been a most serious sacrifice. I -honestly said as much to Mr. E. when he was speaking of my future -home, and expressing his fears lest the retirement of it should be -disagreeable; and the inferiority of the house too--knowing what I had -been accustomed to--of course he was not wholly without apprehension. -When he was speaking of it in that way, I honestly said that _the_ -_world_ I could give up--parties, balls, plays--for I had no fear of -retirement. Blessed with so many resources within myself, the world was -not necessary to _me_. I could do very well without it. To those who had -no resources it was a different thing; but my resources made me quite -independent. And as to smaller-sized rooms than I had been used to, I -really could not give it a thought. I hoped I was perfectly equal to any -sacrifice of that description. Certainly I had been accustomed to every -luxury at Maple Grove; but I did assure him that two carriages were not -necessary to my happiness, nor were spacious apartments. 'But,' said I, -'to be quite honest, I do not think I can live without something of a -musical society. I condition for nothing else; but without music, life -would be a blank to me.'" - -"We cannot suppose," said Emma, smiling, "that Mr. Elton would hesitate -to assure you of there being a _very_ musical society in Highbury; and -I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than may be -pardoned, in consideration of the motive." - -"No, indeed, I have no doubts at all on that head. I am delighted to -find myself in such a circle. I hope we shall have many sweet little -concerts together. I think, Miss Woodhouse, you and I must establish a -musical club, and have regular weekly meetings at your house, or ours. -Will not it be a good plan? If _we_ exert ourselves, I think we shall -not be long in want of allies. Something of that nature would be -particularly desirable for _me_, as an inducement to keep me in -practice; for married women, you know--there is a sad story against -them, in general. They are but too apt to give up music." - -"But you, who are so extremely fond of it--there can be no danger, -surely?" - -"I should hope not; but really when I look around among my acquaintance, -I tremble. Selina has entirely given up music--never touches the -instrument--though she played sweetly. And the same may be said of Mrs. -Jeffereys--Clara Partridge, that was--and of the two Milmans, now Mrs. -Bird and Mrs. James Cooper; and of more than I can enumerate. Upon my -word it is enough to put one in a fright. I used to be quite angry with -Selina; but really I begin now to comprehend that a married woman has -many things to call her attention. I believe I was half an hour this -morning shut up with my housekeeper." - -"But every thing of that kind," said Emma, "will soon be in so regular a -train--" - -"Well," said Mrs. Elton, laughing, "we shall see." - -Emma, finding her so determined upon neglecting her music, had nothing -more to say; and, after a moment's pause, Mrs. Elton chose another -subject. - -"We have been calling at Randalls," said she, "and found them both at -home; and very pleasant people they seem to be. I like them extremely. -Mr. Weston seems an excellent creature--quite a first-rate favourite -with me already, I assure you. And _she_ appears so truly good--there is -something so motherly and kind-hearted about her, that it wins upon one -directly. She was your governess, I think?" - -Emma was almost too much astonished to answer; but Mrs. Elton hardly -waited for the affirmative before she went on. - -"Having understood as much, I was rather astonished to find her so very -lady-like! But she is really quite the gentlewoman." - -"Mrs. Weston's manners," said Emma, "were always particularly good. -Their propriety, simplicity, and elegance, would make them the safest -model for any young woman." - -"And who do you think came in while we were there?" - -Emma was quite at a loss. The tone implied some old acquaintance--and -how could she possibly guess? - -"Knightley!" continued Mrs. Elton; "Knightley himself!--Was not it -lucky?--for, not being within when he called the other day, I had never -seen him before; and of course, as so particular a friend of Mr. E.'s, -I had a great curiosity. 'My friend Knightley' had been so often -mentioned, that I was really impatient to see him; and I must do my -caro sposo the justice to say that he need not be ashamed of his friend. -Knightley is quite the gentleman. I like him very much. Decidedly, I -think, a very gentleman-like man." - -Happily, it was now time to be gone. They were off; and Emma could -breathe. - -"Insufferable woman!" was her immediate exclamation. "Worse than I had -supposed. Absolutely insufferable! Knightley!--I could not have -believed it. Knightley!--never seen him in her life before, and call -him Knightley!--and discover that he is a gentleman! A little upstart, -vulgar being, with her Mr. E., and her _caro_ _sposo_, and her -resources, and all her airs of pert pretension and underbred finery. -Actually to discover that Mr. Knightley is a gentleman! I doubt whether -he will return the compliment, and discover her to be a lady. I could -not have believed it! And to propose that she and I should unite to -form a musical club! One would fancy we were bosom friends! And Mrs. -Weston!--Astonished that the person who had brought me up should be a -gentlewoman! Worse and worse. I never met with her equal. Much beyond -my hopes. Harriet is disgraced by any comparison. Oh! what would Frank -Churchill say to her, if he were here? How angry and how diverted he -would be! Ah! there I am--thinking of him directly. Always the first -person to be thought of! How I catch myself out! Frank Churchill comes -as regularly into my mind!"-- - -All this ran so glibly through her thoughts, that by the time her father -had arranged himself, after the bustle of the Eltons' departure, and was -ready to speak, she was very tolerably capable of attending. - -"Well, my dear," he deliberately began, "considering we never saw her -before, she seems a very pretty sort of young lady; and I dare say she -was very much pleased with you. She speaks a little too quick. A little -quickness of voice there is which rather hurts the ear. But I believe -I am nice; I do not like strange voices; and nobody speaks like you and -poor Miss Taylor. However, she seems a very obliging, pretty-behaved -young lady, and no doubt will make him a very good wife. Though I think -he had better not have married. I made the best excuses I could for not -having been able to wait on him and Mrs. Elton on this happy occasion; I -said that I hoped I _should_ in the course of the summer. But I ought to -have gone before. Not to wait upon a bride is very remiss. Ah! it shews -what a sad invalid I am! But I do not like the corner into Vicarage -Lane." - -"I dare say your apologies were accepted, sir. Mr. Elton knows you." - -"Yes: but a young lady--a bride--I ought to have paid my respects to her -if possible. It was being very deficient." - -"But, my dear papa, you are no friend to matrimony; and therefore why -should you be so anxious to pay your respects to a _bride_? It ought to -be no recommendation to _you_. It is encouraging people to marry if you -make so much of them." - -"No, my dear, I never encouraged any body to marry, but I would always -wish to pay every proper attention to a lady--and a bride, especially, -is never to be neglected. More is avowedly due to _her_. A bride, you -know, my dear, is always the first in company, let the others be who -they may." - -"Well, papa, if this is not encouragement to marry, I do not know what -is. And I should never have expected you to be lending your sanction to -such vanity-baits for poor young ladies." - -"My dear, you do not understand me. This is a matter of mere -common politeness and good-breeding, and has nothing to do with any -encouragement to people to marry." - -Emma had done. Her father was growing nervous, and could not understand -_her_. Her mind returned to Mrs. Elton's offences, and long, very long, -did they occupy her. - - - -CHAPTER XV - - -Emma was not required, by any subsequent discovery, to retract her ill -opinion of Mrs. Elton. Her observation had been pretty correct. Such as -Mrs. Elton appeared to her on this second interview, such she appeared -whenever they met again,--self-important, presuming, familiar, ignorant, -and ill-bred. She had a little beauty and a little accomplishment, -but so little judgment that she thought herself coming with superior -knowledge of the world, to enliven and improve a country neighbourhood; -and conceived Miss Hawkins to have held such a place in society as Mrs. -Elton's consequence only could surpass. - -There was no reason to suppose Mr. Elton thought at all differently from -his wife. He seemed not merely happy with her, but proud. He had the air -of congratulating himself on having brought such a woman to Highbury, -as not even Miss Woodhouse could equal; and the greater part of her -new acquaintance, disposed to commend, or not in the habit of judging, -following the lead of Miss Bates's good-will, or taking it for granted -that the bride must be as clever and as agreeable as she professed -herself, were very well satisfied; so that Mrs. Elton's praise -passed from one mouth to another as it ought to do, unimpeded by Miss -Woodhouse, who readily continued her first contribution and talked with -a good grace of her being "very pleasant and very elegantly dressed." - -In one respect Mrs. Elton grew even worse than she had appeared at -first. Her feelings altered towards Emma.--Offended, probably, by the -little encouragement which her proposals of intimacy met with, she drew -back in her turn and gradually became much more cold and distant; and -though the effect was agreeable, the ill-will which produced it was -necessarily increasing Emma's dislike. Her manners, too--and Mr. -Elton's, were unpleasant towards Harriet. They were sneering and -negligent. Emma hoped it must rapidly work Harriet's cure; but the -sensations which could prompt such behaviour sunk them both very -much.--It was not to be doubted that poor Harriet's attachment had been -an offering to conjugal unreserve, and her own share in the story, under -a colouring the least favourable to her and the most soothing to him, -had in all likelihood been given also. She was, of course, the object -of their joint dislike.--When they had nothing else to say, it must be -always easy to begin abusing Miss Woodhouse; and the enmity which -they dared not shew in open disrespect to her, found a broader vent in -contemptuous treatment of Harriet. - -Mrs. Elton took a great fancy to Jane Fairfax; and from the first. Not -merely when a state of warfare with one young lady might be supposed to -recommend the other, but from the very first; and she was not satisfied -with expressing a natural and reasonable admiration--but without -solicitation, or plea, or privilege, she must be wanting to assist and -befriend her.--Before Emma had forfeited her confidence, and about the -third time of their meeting, she heard all Mrs. Elton's knight-errantry -on the subject.-- - -"Jane Fairfax is absolutely charming, Miss Woodhouse.--I quite rave -about Jane Fairfax.--A sweet, interesting creature. So mild and -ladylike--and with such talents!--I assure you I think she has very -extraordinary talents. I do not scruple to say that she plays extremely -well. I know enough of music to speak decidedly on that point. Oh! she -is absolutely charming! You will laugh at my warmth--but, upon my word, -I talk of nothing but Jane Fairfax.--And her situation is so calculated -to affect one!--Miss Woodhouse, we must exert ourselves and endeavour -to do something for her. We must bring her forward. Such talent as hers -must not be suffered to remain unknown.--I dare say you have heard those -charming lines of the poet, - - 'Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, - 'And waste its fragrance on the desert air.' - -We must not allow them to be verified in sweet Jane Fairfax." - -"I cannot think there is any danger of it," was Emma's calm answer--"and -when you are better acquainted with Miss Fairfax's situation and -understand what her home has been, with Colonel and Mrs. Campbell, I -have no idea that you will suppose her talents can be unknown." - -"Oh! but dear Miss Woodhouse, she is now in such retirement, such -obscurity, so thrown away.--Whatever advantages she may have enjoyed -with the Campbells are so palpably at an end! And I think she feels it. -I am sure she does. She is very timid and silent. One can see that she -feels the want of encouragement. I like her the better for it. I -must confess it is a recommendation to me. I am a great advocate for -timidity--and I am sure one does not often meet with it.--But in those -who are at all inferior, it is extremely prepossessing. Oh! I assure -you, Jane Fairfax is a very delightful character, and interests me more -than I can express." - -"You appear to feel a great deal--but I am not aware how you or any of -Miss Fairfax's acquaintance here, any of those who have known her longer -than yourself, can shew her any other attention than"-- - -"My dear Miss Woodhouse, a vast deal may be done by those who dare to -act. You and I need not be afraid. If _we_ set the example, many will -follow it as far as they can; though all have not our situations. _We_ -have carriages to fetch and convey her home, and _we_ live in a style -which could not make the addition of Jane Fairfax, at any time, the -least inconvenient.--I should be extremely displeased if Wright were to -send us up such a dinner, as could make me regret having asked _more_ -than Jane Fairfax to partake of it. I have no idea of that sort of -thing. It is not likely that I _should_, considering what I have been -used to. My greatest danger, perhaps, in housekeeping, may be quite the -other way, in doing too much, and being too careless of expense. Maple -Grove will probably be my model more than it ought to be--for we do not -at all affect to equal my brother, Mr. Suckling, in income.--However, my -resolution is taken as to noticing Jane Fairfax.--I shall certainly have -her very often at my house, shall introduce her wherever I can, shall -have musical parties to draw out her talents, and shall be constantly -on the watch for an eligible situation. My acquaintance is so very -extensive, that I have little doubt of hearing of something to suit -her shortly.--I shall introduce her, of course, very particularly to my -brother and sister when they come to us. I am sure they will like her -extremely; and when she gets a little acquainted with them, her fears -will completely wear off, for there really is nothing in the manners -of either but what is highly conciliating.--I shall have her very often -indeed while they are with me, and I dare say we shall sometimes find a -seat for her in the barouche-landau in some of our exploring parties." - -"Poor Jane Fairfax!"--thought Emma.--"You have not deserved this. You -may have done wrong with regard to Mr. Dixon, but this is a punishment -beyond what you can have merited!--The kindness and protection of Mrs. -Elton!--'Jane Fairfax and Jane Fairfax.' Heavens! Let me not suppose -that she dares go about, Emma Woodhouse-ing me!--But upon my honour, -there seems no limits to the licentiousness of that woman's tongue!" - -Emma had not to listen to such paradings again--to any so exclusively -addressed to herself--so disgustingly decorated with a "dear Miss -Woodhouse." The change on Mrs. Elton's side soon afterwards appeared, -and she was left in peace--neither forced to be the very particular -friend of Mrs. Elton, nor, under Mrs. Elton's guidance, the very active -patroness of Jane Fairfax, and only sharing with others in a general -way, in knowing what was felt, what was meditated, what was done. - -She looked on with some amusement.--Miss Bates's gratitude for -Mrs. Elton's attentions to Jane was in the first style of guileless -simplicity and warmth. She was quite one of her worthies--the -most amiable, affable, delightful woman--just as accomplished and -condescending as Mrs. Elton meant to be considered. Emma's only surprize -was that Jane Fairfax should accept those attentions and tolerate Mrs. -Elton as she seemed to do. She heard of her walking with the Eltons, -sitting with the Eltons, spending a day with the Eltons! This was -astonishing!--She could not have believed it possible that the taste or -the pride of Miss Fairfax could endure such society and friendship as -the Vicarage had to offer. - -"She is a riddle, quite a riddle!" said she.--"To chuse to remain here -month after month, under privations of every sort! And now to chuse the -mortification of Mrs. Elton's notice and the penury of her conversation, -rather than return to the superior companions who have always loved her -with such real, generous affection." - -Jane had come to Highbury professedly for three months; the Campbells -were gone to Ireland for three months; but now the Campbells had -promised their daughter to stay at least till Midsummer, and fresh -invitations had arrived for her to join them there. According to Miss -Bates--it all came from her--Mrs. Dixon had written most pressingly. -Would Jane but go, means were to be found, servants sent, friends -contrived--no travelling difficulty allowed to exist; but still she had -declined it! - -"She must have some motive, more powerful than appears, for refusing -this invitation," was Emma's conclusion. "She must be under some sort -of penance, inflicted either by the Campbells or herself. There is great -fear, great caution, great resolution somewhere.--She is _not_ to be -with the _Dixons_. The decree is issued by somebody. But why must she -consent to be with the Eltons?--Here is quite a separate puzzle." - -Upon her speaking her wonder aloud on that part of the subject, before -the few who knew her opinion of Mrs. Elton, Mrs. Weston ventured this -apology for Jane. - -"We cannot suppose that she has any great enjoyment at the Vicarage, -my dear Emma--but it is better than being always at home. Her aunt is a -good creature, but, as a constant companion, must be very tiresome. We -must consider what Miss Fairfax quits, before we condemn her taste for -what she goes to." - -"You are right, Mrs. Weston," said Mr. Knightley warmly, "Miss Fairfax -is as capable as any of us of forming a just opinion of Mrs. Elton. -Could she have chosen with whom to associate, she would not have chosen -her. But (with a reproachful smile at Emma) she receives attentions from -Mrs. Elton, which nobody else pays her." - -Emma felt that Mrs. Weston was giving her a momentary glance; and she -was herself struck by his warmth. With a faint blush, she presently -replied, - -"Such attentions as Mrs. Elton's, I should have imagined, would rather -disgust than gratify Miss Fairfax. Mrs. Elton's invitations I should -have imagined any thing but inviting." - -"I should not wonder," said Mrs. Weston, "if Miss Fairfax were to have -been drawn on beyond her own inclination, by her aunt's eagerness in -accepting Mrs. Elton's civilities for her. Poor Miss Bates may -very likely have committed her niece and hurried her into a greater -appearance of intimacy than her own good sense would have dictated, in -spite of the very natural wish of a little change." - -Both felt rather anxious to hear him speak again; and after a few -minutes silence, he said, - -"Another thing must be taken into consideration too--Mrs. Elton does -not talk _to_ Miss Fairfax as she speaks _of_ her. We all know the -difference between the pronouns he or she and thou, the plainest spoken -amongst us; we all feel the influence of a something beyond common -civility in our personal intercourse with each other--a something more -early implanted. We cannot give any body the disagreeable hints that we -may have been very full of the hour before. We feel things differently. -And besides the operation of this, as a general principle, you may be -sure that Miss Fairfax awes Mrs. Elton by her superiority both of mind -and manner; and that, face to face, Mrs. Elton treats her with all the -respect which she has a claim to. Such a woman as Jane Fairfax probably -never fell in Mrs. Elton's way before--and no degree of vanity can -prevent her acknowledging her own comparative littleness in action, if -not in consciousness." - -"I know how highly you think of Jane Fairfax," said Emma. Little Henry -was in her thoughts, and a mixture of alarm and delicacy made her -irresolute what else to say. - -"Yes," he replied, "any body may know how highly I think of her." - -"And yet," said Emma, beginning hastily and with an arch look, but soon -stopping--it was better, however, to know the worst at once--she hurried -on--"And yet, perhaps, you may hardly be aware yourself how highly it -is. The extent of your admiration may take you by surprize some day or -other." - -Mr. Knightley was hard at work upon the lower buttons of his thick -leather gaiters, and either the exertion of getting them together, or -some other cause, brought the colour into his face, as he answered, - -"Oh! are you there?--But you are miserably behindhand. Mr. Cole gave me -a hint of it six weeks ago." - -He stopped.--Emma felt her foot pressed by Mrs. Weston, and did not -herself know what to think. In a moment he went on-- - -"That will never be, however, I can assure you. Miss Fairfax, I dare -say, would not have me if I were to ask her--and I am very sure I shall -never ask her." - -Emma returned her friend's pressure with interest; and was pleased -enough to exclaim, - -"You are not vain, Mr. Knightley. I will say that for you." - -He seemed hardly to hear her; he was thoughtful--and in a manner which -shewed him not pleased, soon afterwards said, - -"So you have been settling that I should marry Jane Fairfax?" - -"No indeed I have not. You have scolded me too much for match-making, -for me to presume to take such a liberty with you. What I said just now, -meant nothing. One says those sort of things, of course, without any -idea of a serious meaning. Oh! no, upon my word I have not the smallest -wish for your marrying Jane Fairfax or Jane any body. You would not come -in and sit with us in this comfortable way, if you were married." - -Mr. Knightley was thoughtful again. The result of his reverie was, "No, -Emma, I do not think the extent of my admiration for her will ever take -me by surprize.--I never had a thought of her in that way, I assure -you." And soon afterwards, "Jane Fairfax is a very charming young -woman--but not even Jane Fairfax is perfect. She has a fault. She has -not the open temper which a man would wish for in a wife." - -Emma could not but rejoice to hear that she had a fault. "Well," said -she, "and you soon silenced Mr. Cole, I suppose?" - -"Yes, very soon. He gave me a quiet hint; I told him he was mistaken; -he asked my pardon and said no more. Cole does not want to be wiser or -wittier than his neighbours." - -"In that respect how unlike dear Mrs. Elton, who wants to be wiser and -wittier than all the world! I wonder how she speaks of the Coles--what -she calls them! How can she find any appellation for them, deep enough -in familiar vulgarity? She calls you, Knightley--what can she do for -Mr. Cole? And so I am not to be surprized that Jane Fairfax accepts -her civilities and consents to be with her. Mrs. Weston, your argument -weighs most with me. I can much more readily enter into the temptation -of getting away from Miss Bates, than I can believe in the triumph of -Miss Fairfax's mind over Mrs. Elton. I have no faith in Mrs. Elton's -acknowledging herself the inferior in thought, word, or deed; or in her -being under any restraint beyond her own scanty rule of good-breeding. -I cannot imagine that she will not be continually insulting her visitor -with praise, encouragement, and offers of service; that she will not be -continually detailing her magnificent intentions, from the procuring her -a permanent situation to the including her in those delightful exploring -parties which are to take place in the barouche-landau." - -"Jane Fairfax has feeling," said Mr. Knightley--"I do not accuse her -of want of feeling. Her sensibilities, I suspect, are strong--and her -temper excellent in its power of forbearance, patience, self-control; -but it wants openness. She is reserved, more reserved, I think, than -she used to be--And I love an open temper. No--till Cole alluded to my -supposed attachment, it had never entered my head. I saw Jane Fairfax -and conversed with her, with admiration and pleasure always--but with no -thought beyond." - -"Well, Mrs. Weston," said Emma triumphantly when he left them, "what do -you say now to Mr. Knightley's marrying Jane Fairfax?" - -"Why, really, dear Emma, I say that he is so very much occupied by the -idea of _not_ being in love with her, that I should not wonder if it -were to end in his being so at last. Do not beat me." - - - -CHAPTER XVI - - -Every body in and about Highbury who had ever visited Mr. Elton, was -disposed to pay him attention on his marriage. Dinner-parties and -evening-parties were made for him and his lady; and invitations flowed -in so fast that she had soon the pleasure of apprehending they were -never to have a disengaged day. - -"I see how it is," said she. "I see what a life I am to lead among you. -Upon my word we shall be absolutely dissipated. We really seem quite -the fashion. If this is living in the country, it is nothing very -formidable. From Monday next to Saturday, I assure you we have not a -disengaged day!--A woman with fewer resources than I have, need not have -been at a loss." - -No invitation came amiss to her. Her Bath habits made evening-parties -perfectly natural to her, and Maple Grove had given her a taste for -dinners. She was a little shocked at the want of two drawing rooms, at -the poor attempt at rout-cakes, and there being no ice in the Highbury -card-parties. Mrs. Bates, Mrs. Perry, Mrs. Goddard and others, were a -good deal behind-hand in knowledge of the world, but she would soon shew -them how every thing ought to be arranged. In the course of the spring -she must return their civilities by one very superior party--in which -her card-tables should be set out with their separate candles and -unbroken packs in the true style--and more waiters engaged for the -evening than their own establishment could furnish, to carry round the -refreshments at exactly the proper hour, and in the proper order. - -Emma, in the meanwhile, could not be satisfied without a dinner at -Hartfield for the Eltons. They must not do less than others, or she -should be exposed to odious suspicions, and imagined capable of pitiful -resentment. A dinner there must be. After Emma had talked about it for -ten minutes, Mr. Woodhouse felt no unwillingness, and only made the -usual stipulation of not sitting at the bottom of the table himself, -with the usual regular difficulty of deciding who should do it for him. - -The persons to be invited, required little thought. Besides the -Eltons, it must be the Westons and Mr. Knightley; so far it was all of -course--and it was hardly less inevitable that poor little Harriet must -be asked to make the eighth:--but this invitation was not given with -equal satisfaction, and on many accounts Emma was particularly pleased -by Harriet's begging to be allowed to decline it. "She would rather not -be in his company more than she could help. She was not yet quite -able to see him and his charming happy wife together, without feeling -uncomfortable. If Miss Woodhouse would not be displeased, she would -rather stay at home." It was precisely what Emma would have wished, had -she deemed it possible enough for wishing. She was delighted with the -fortitude of her little friend--for fortitude she knew it was in her to -give up being in company and stay at home; and she could now invite the -very person whom she really wanted to make the eighth, Jane Fairfax.-- -Since her last conversation with Mrs. Weston and Mr. Knightley, she -was more conscience-stricken about Jane Fairfax than she had often -been.--Mr. Knightley's words dwelt with her. He had said that Jane -Fairfax received attentions from Mrs. Elton which nobody else paid her. - -"This is very true," said she, "at least as far as relates to me, which -was all that was meant--and it is very shameful.--Of the same age--and -always knowing her--I ought to have been more her friend.--She will -never like me now. I have neglected her too long. But I will shew her -greater attention than I have done." - -Every invitation was successful. They were all disengaged and all -happy.--The preparatory interest of this dinner, however, was not yet -over. A circumstance rather unlucky occurred. The two eldest little -Knightleys were engaged to pay their grandpapa and aunt a visit of some -weeks in the spring, and their papa now proposed bringing them, and -staying one whole day at Hartfield--which one day would be the very day -of this party.--His professional engagements did not allow of his being -put off, but both father and daughter were disturbed by its happening -so. Mr. Woodhouse considered eight persons at dinner together as the -utmost that his nerves could bear--and here would be a ninth--and Emma -apprehended that it would be a ninth very much out of humour at not -being able to come even to Hartfield for forty-eight hours without -falling in with a dinner-party. - -She comforted her father better than she could comfort herself, by -representing that though he certainly would make them nine, yet -he always said so little, that the increase of noise would be very -immaterial. She thought it in reality a sad exchange for herself, to -have him with his grave looks and reluctant conversation opposed to her -instead of his brother. - -The event was more favourable to Mr. Woodhouse than to Emma. John -Knightley came; but Mr. Weston was unexpectedly summoned to town and -must be absent on the very day. He might be able to join them in the -evening, but certainly not to dinner. Mr. Woodhouse was quite at ease; -and the seeing him so, with the arrival of the little boys and the -philosophic composure of her brother on hearing his fate, removed the -chief of even Emma's vexation. - -The day came, the party were punctually assembled, and Mr. John -Knightley seemed early to devote himself to the business of being -agreeable. Instead of drawing his brother off to a window while they -waited for dinner, he was talking to Miss Fairfax. Mrs. Elton, -as elegant as lace and pearls could make her, he looked at in -silence--wanting only to observe enough for Isabella's information--but -Miss Fairfax was an old acquaintance and a quiet girl, and he could talk -to her. He had met her before breakfast as he was returning from a walk -with his little boys, when it had been just beginning to rain. It was -natural to have some civil hopes on the subject, and he said, - -"I hope you did not venture far, Miss Fairfax, this morning, or I am -sure you must have been wet.--We scarcely got home in time. I hope you -turned directly." - -"I went only to the post-office," said she, "and reached home before the -rain was much. It is my daily errand. I always fetch the letters when -I am here. It saves trouble, and is a something to get me out. A walk -before breakfast does me good." - -"Not a walk in the rain, I should imagine." - -"No, but it did not absolutely rain when I set out." - -Mr. John Knightley smiled, and replied, - -"That is to say, you chose to have your walk, for you were not six yards -from your own door when I had the pleasure of meeting you; and Henry -and John had seen more drops than they could count long before. The -post-office has a great charm at one period of our lives. When you have -lived to my age, you will begin to think letters are never worth going -through the rain for." - -There was a little blush, and then this answer, - -"I must not hope to be ever situated as you are, in the midst of every -dearest connexion, and therefore I cannot expect that simply growing -older should make me indifferent about letters." - -"Indifferent! Oh! no--I never conceived you could become indifferent. -Letters are no matter of indifference; they are generally a very -positive curse." - -"You are speaking of letters of business; mine are letters of -friendship." - -"I have often thought them the worst of the two," replied he coolly. -"Business, you know, may bring money, but friendship hardly ever does." - -"Ah! you are not serious now. I know Mr. John Knightley too well--I am -very sure he understands the value of friendship as well as any body. I -can easily believe that letters are very little to you, much less than -to me, but it is not your being ten years older than myself which -makes the difference, it is not age, but situation. You have every -body dearest to you always at hand, I, probably, never shall again; -and therefore till I have outlived all my affections, a post-office, -I think, must always have power to draw me out, in worse weather than -to-day." - -"When I talked of your being altered by time, by the progress of years," -said John Knightley, "I meant to imply the change of situation which -time usually brings. I consider one as including the other. Time will -generally lessen the interest of every attachment not within the daily -circle--but that is not the change I had in view for you. As an old -friend, you will allow me to hope, Miss Fairfax, that ten years hence -you may have as many concentrated objects as I have." - -It was kindly said, and very far from giving offence. A pleasant "thank -you" seemed meant to laugh it off, but a blush, a quivering lip, a tear -in the eye, shewed that it was felt beyond a laugh. Her attention was -now claimed by Mr. Woodhouse, who being, according to his custom on such -occasions, making the circle of his guests, and paying his particular -compliments to the ladies, was ending with her--and with all his mildest -urbanity, said, - -"I am very sorry to hear, Miss Fairfax, of your being out this morning -in the rain. Young ladies should take care of themselves.--Young ladies -are delicate plants. They should take care of their health and their -complexion. My dear, did you change your stockings?" - -"Yes, sir, I did indeed; and I am very much obliged by your kind -solicitude about me." - -"My dear Miss Fairfax, young ladies are very sure to be cared for.--I -hope your good grand-mama and aunt are well. They are some of my very -old friends. I wish my health allowed me to be a better neighbour. You -do us a great deal of honour to-day, I am sure. My daughter and I -are both highly sensible of your goodness, and have the greatest -satisfaction in seeing you at Hartfield." - -The kind-hearted, polite old man might then sit down and feel that he -had done his duty, and made every fair lady welcome and easy. - -By this time, the walk in the rain had reached Mrs. Elton, and her -remonstrances now opened upon Jane. - -"My dear Jane, what is this I hear?--Going to the post-office in the -rain!--This must not be, I assure you.--You sad girl, how could you do -such a thing?--It is a sign I was not there to take care of you." - -Jane very patiently assured her that she had not caught any cold. - -"Oh! do not tell _me_. You really are a very sad girl, and do not know -how to take care of yourself.--To the post-office indeed! Mrs. Weston, -did you ever hear the like? You and I must positively exert our -authority." - -"My advice," said Mrs. Weston kindly and persuasively, "I certainly do -feel tempted to give. Miss Fairfax, you must not run such risks.--Liable -as you have been to severe colds, indeed you ought to be particularly -careful, especially at this time of year. The spring I always think -requires more than common care. Better wait an hour or two, or even -half a day for your letters, than run the risk of bringing on your cough -again. Now do not you feel that you had? Yes, I am sure you are much too -reasonable. You look as if you would not do such a thing again." - -"Oh! she _shall_ _not_ do such a thing again," eagerly rejoined Mrs. -Elton. "We will not allow her to do such a thing again:"--and nodding -significantly--"there must be some arrangement made, there must indeed. -I shall speak to Mr. E. The man who fetches our letters every morning -(one of our men, I forget his name) shall inquire for yours too and -bring them to you. That will obviate all difficulties you know; and from -_us_ I really think, my dear Jane, you can have no scruple to accept -such an accommodation." - -"You are extremely kind," said Jane; "but I cannot give up my early -walk. I am advised to be out of doors as much as I can, I must walk -somewhere, and the post-office is an object; and upon my word, I have -scarcely ever had a bad morning before." - -"My dear Jane, say no more about it. The thing is determined, that is -(laughing affectedly) as far as I can presume to determine any thing -without the concurrence of my lord and master. You know, Mrs. Weston, -you and I must be cautious how we express ourselves. But I do flatter -myself, my dear Jane, that my influence is not entirely worn out. If I -meet with no insuperable difficulties therefore, consider that point as -settled." - -"Excuse me," said Jane earnestly, "I cannot by any means consent to such -an arrangement, so needlessly troublesome to your servant. If the errand -were not a pleasure to me, it could be done, as it always is when I am -not here, by my grandmama's." - -"Oh! my dear; but so much as Patty has to do!--And it is a kindness to -employ our men." - -Jane looked as if she did not mean to be conquered; but instead of -answering, she began speaking again to Mr. John Knightley. - -"The post-office is a wonderful establishment!" said she.--"The -regularity and despatch of it! If one thinks of all that it has to do, -and all that it does so well, it is really astonishing!" - -"It is certainly very well regulated." - -"So seldom that any negligence or blunder appears! So seldom that -a letter, among the thousands that are constantly passing about the -kingdom, is even carried wrong--and not one in a million, I suppose, -actually lost! And when one considers the variety of hands, and of bad -hands too, that are to be deciphered, it increases the wonder." - -"The clerks grow expert from habit.--They must begin with some quickness -of sight and hand, and exercise improves them. If you want any farther -explanation," continued he, smiling, "they are paid for it. That is -the key to a great deal of capacity. The public pays and must be served -well." - -The varieties of handwriting were farther talked of, and the usual -observations made. - -"I have heard it asserted," said John Knightley, "that the same sort -of handwriting often prevails in a family; and where the same master -teaches, it is natural enough. But for that reason, I should imagine -the likeness must be chiefly confined to the females, for boys have very -little teaching after an early age, and scramble into any hand they can -get. Isabella and Emma, I think, do write very much alike. I have not -always known their writing apart." - -"Yes," said his brother hesitatingly, "there is a likeness. I know what -you mean--but Emma's hand is the strongest." - -"Isabella and Emma both write beautifully," said Mr. Woodhouse; "and -always did. And so does poor Mrs. Weston"--with half a sigh and half a -smile at her. - -"I never saw any gentleman's handwriting"--Emma began, looking also at -Mrs. Weston; but stopped, on perceiving that Mrs. Weston was attending -to some one else--and the pause gave her time to reflect, "Now, how am -I going to introduce him?--Am I unequal to speaking his name at once -before all these people? Is it necessary for me to use any roundabout -phrase?--Your Yorkshire friend--your correspondent in Yorkshire;--that -would be the way, I suppose, if I were very bad.--No, I can pronounce -his name without the smallest distress. I certainly get better and -better.--Now for it." - -Mrs. Weston was disengaged and Emma began again--"Mr. Frank Churchill -writes one of the best gentleman's hands I ever saw." - -"I do not admire it," said Mr. Knightley. "It is too small--wants -strength. It is like a woman's writing." - -This was not submitted to by either lady. They vindicated him against -the base aspersion. "No, it by no means wanted strength--it was not a -large hand, but very clear and certainly strong. Had not Mrs. Weston any -letter about her to produce?" No, she had heard from him very lately, -but having answered the letter, had put it away. - -"If we were in the other room," said Emma, "if I had my writing-desk, I -am sure I could produce a specimen. I have a note of his.--Do not you -remember, Mrs. Weston, employing him to write for you one day?" - -"He chose to say he was employed"-- - -"Well, well, I have that note; and can shew it after dinner to convince -Mr. Knightley." - -"Oh! when a gallant young man, like Mr. Frank Churchill," said Mr. -Knightley dryly, "writes to a fair lady like Miss Woodhouse, he will, of -course, put forth his best." - -Dinner was on table.--Mrs. Elton, before she could be spoken to, was -ready; and before Mr. Woodhouse had reached her with his request to be -allowed to hand her into the dining-parlour, was saying-- - -"Must I go first? I really am ashamed of always leading the way." - -Jane's solicitude about fetching her own letters had not escaped Emma. -She had heard and seen it all; and felt some curiosity to know whether -the wet walk of this morning had produced any. She suspected that it -_had_; that it would not have been so resolutely encountered but in full -expectation of hearing from some one very dear, and that it had not been -in vain. She thought there was an air of greater happiness than usual--a -glow both of complexion and spirits. - -She could have made an inquiry or two, as to the expedition and the -expense of the Irish mails;--it was at her tongue's end--but she -abstained. She was quite determined not to utter a word that should hurt -Jane Fairfax's feelings; and they followed the other ladies out of the -room, arm in arm, with an appearance of good-will highly becoming to the -beauty and grace of each. - - - -CHAPTER XVII - - -When the ladies returned to the drawing-room after dinner, Emma found it -hardly possible to prevent their making two distinct parties;--with so -much perseverance in judging and behaving ill did Mrs. Elton engross -Jane Fairfax and slight herself. She and Mrs. Weston were obliged to -be almost always either talking together or silent together. Mrs. Elton -left them no choice. If Jane repressed her for a little time, she -soon began again; and though much that passed between them was in a -half-whisper, especially on Mrs. Elton's side, there was no avoiding -a knowledge of their principal subjects: The post-office--catching -cold--fetching letters--and friendship, were long under discussion; -and to them succeeded one, which must be at least equally unpleasant -to Jane--inquiries whether she had yet heard of any situation likely to -suit her, and professions of Mrs. Elton's meditated activity. - -"Here is April come!" said she, "I get quite anxious about you. June -will soon be here." - -"But I have never fixed on June or any other month--merely looked -forward to the summer in general." - -"But have you really heard of nothing?" - -"I have not even made any inquiry; I do not wish to make any yet." - -"Oh! my dear, we cannot begin too early; you are not aware of the -difficulty of procuring exactly the desirable thing." - -"I not aware!" said Jane, shaking her head; "dear Mrs. Elton, who can -have thought of it as I have done?" - -"But you have not seen so much of the world as I have. You do not know -how many candidates there always are for the _first_ situations. I saw -a vast deal of that in the neighbourhood round Maple Grove. A cousin of -Mr. Suckling, Mrs. Bragge, had such an infinity of applications; every -body was anxious to be in her family, for she moves in the first circle. -Wax-candles in the schoolroom! You may imagine how desirable! Of all -houses in the kingdom Mrs. Bragge's is the one I would most wish to see -you in." - -"Colonel and Mrs. Campbell are to be in town again by midsummer," -said Jane. "I must spend some time with them; I am sure they will want -it;--afterwards I may probably be glad to dispose of myself. But I would -not wish you to take the trouble of making any inquiries at present." - -"Trouble! aye, I know your scruples. You are afraid of giving me -trouble; but I assure you, my dear Jane, the Campbells can hardly be -more interested about you than I am. I shall write to Mrs. Partridge in -a day or two, and shall give her a strict charge to be on the look-out -for any thing eligible." - -"Thank you, but I would rather you did not mention the subject to -her; till the time draws nearer, I do not wish to be giving any body -trouble." - -"But, my dear child, the time is drawing near; here is April, and June, -or say even July, is very near, with such business to accomplish before -us. Your inexperience really amuses me! A situation such as you deserve, -and your friends would require for you, is no everyday occurrence, -is not obtained at a moment's notice; indeed, indeed, we must begin -inquiring directly." - -"Excuse me, ma'am, but this is by no means my intention; I make no -inquiry myself, and should be sorry to have any made by my friends. When -I am quite determined as to the time, I am not at all afraid of being -long unemployed. There are places in town, offices, where inquiry -would soon produce something--Offices for the sale--not quite of human -flesh--but of human intellect." - -"Oh! my dear, human flesh! You quite shock me; if you mean a fling at -the slave-trade, I assure you Mr. Suckling was always rather a friend to -the abolition." - -"I did not mean, I was not thinking of the slave-trade," replied Jane; -"governess-trade, I assure you, was all that I had in view; widely -different certainly as to the guilt of those who carry it on; but as to -the greater misery of the victims, I do not know where it lies. But -I only mean to say that there are advertising offices, and that by -applying to them I should have no doubt of very soon meeting with -something that would do." - -"Something that would do!" repeated Mrs. Elton. "Aye, _that_ may suit -your humble ideas of yourself;--I know what a modest creature you are; -but it will not satisfy your friends to have you taking up with any -thing that may offer, any inferior, commonplace situation, in a family -not moving in a certain circle, or able to command the elegancies of -life." - -"You are very obliging; but as to all that, I am very indifferent; -it would be no object to me to be with the rich; my mortifications, I -think, would only be the greater; I should suffer more from comparison. -A gentleman's family is all that I should condition for." - -"I know you, I know you; you would take up with any thing; but I shall -be a little more nice, and I am sure the good Campbells will be quite -on my side; with your superior talents, you have a right to move in the -first circle. Your musical knowledge alone would entitle you to name -your own terms, have as many rooms as you like, and mix in the family -as much as you chose;--that is--I do not know--if you knew the harp, you -might do all that, I am very sure; but you sing as well as play;--yes, I -really believe you might, even without the harp, stipulate for what -you chose;--and you must and shall be delightfully, honourably and -comfortably settled before the Campbells or I have any rest." - -"You may well class the delight, the honour, and the comfort of such -a situation together," said Jane, "they are pretty sure to be equal; -however, I am very serious in not wishing any thing to be attempted -at present for me. I am exceedingly obliged to you, Mrs. Elton, I am -obliged to any body who feels for me, but I am quite serious in wishing -nothing to be done till the summer. For two or three months longer I -shall remain where I am, and as I am." - -"And I am quite serious too, I assure you," replied Mrs. Elton gaily, -"in resolving to be always on the watch, and employing my friends to -watch also, that nothing really unexceptionable may pass us." - -In this style she ran on; never thoroughly stopped by any thing till Mr. -Woodhouse came into the room; her vanity had then a change of object, -and Emma heard her saying in the same half-whisper to Jane, - -"Here comes this dear old beau of mine, I protest!--Only think of his -gallantry in coming away before the other men!--what a dear creature -he is;--I assure you I like him excessively. I admire all that quaint, -old-fashioned politeness; it is much more to my taste than modern ease; -modern ease often disgusts me. But this good old Mr. Woodhouse, I wish -you had heard his gallant speeches to me at dinner. Oh! I assure you I -began to think my caro sposo would be absolutely jealous. I fancy I -am rather a favourite; he took notice of my gown. How do you like -it?--Selina's choice--handsome, I think, but I do not know whether it -is not over-trimmed; I have the greatest dislike to the idea of being -over-trimmed--quite a horror of finery. I must put on a few ornaments -now, because it is expected of me. A bride, you know, must appear like -a bride, but my natural taste is all for simplicity; a simple style -of dress is so infinitely preferable to finery. But I am quite in the -minority, I believe; few people seem to value simplicity of dress,--show -and finery are every thing. I have some notion of putting such a -trimming as this to my white and silver poplin. Do you think it will -look well?" - -The whole party were but just reassembled in the drawing-room when Mr. -Weston made his appearance among them. He had returned to a late dinner, -and walked to Hartfield as soon as it was over. He had been too much -expected by the best judges, for surprize--but there was great joy. Mr. -Woodhouse was almost as glad to see him now, as he would have been sorry -to see him before. John Knightley only was in mute astonishment.--That -a man who might have spent his evening quietly at home after a day -of business in London, should set off again, and walk half a mile -to another man's house, for the sake of being in mixed company till -bed-time, of finishing his day in the efforts of civility and the noise -of numbers, was a circumstance to strike him deeply. A man who had been -in motion since eight o'clock in the morning, and might now have been -still, who had been long talking, and might have been silent, who had -been in more than one crowd, and might have been alone!--Such a man, to -quit the tranquillity and independence of his own fireside, and on the -evening of a cold sleety April day rush out again into the world!--Could -he by a touch of his finger have instantly taken back his wife, there -would have been a motive; but his coming would probably prolong rather -than break up the party. John Knightley looked at him with amazement, -then shrugged his shoulders, and said, "I could not have believed it -even of _him_." - -Mr. Weston meanwhile, perfectly unsuspicious of the indignation he was -exciting, happy and cheerful as usual, and with all the right of being -principal talker, which a day spent anywhere from home confers, was -making himself agreeable among the rest; and having satisfied the -inquiries of his wife as to his dinner, convincing her that none of all -her careful directions to the servants had been forgotten, and spread -abroad what public news he had heard, was proceeding to a family -communication, which, though principally addressed to Mrs. Weston, he -had not the smallest doubt of being highly interesting to every body in -the room. He gave her a letter, it was from Frank, and to herself; he -had met with it in his way, and had taken the liberty of opening it. - -"Read it, read it," said he, "it will give you pleasure; only a few -lines--will not take you long; read it to Emma." - -The two ladies looked over it together; and he sat smiling and talking -to them the whole time, in a voice a little subdued, but very audible to -every body. - -"Well, he is coming, you see; good news, I think. Well, what do you say -to it?--I always told you he would be here again soon, did not I?--Anne, -my dear, did not I always tell you so, and you would not believe me?--In -town next week, you see--at the latest, I dare say; for _she_ is as -impatient as the black gentleman when any thing is to be done; most -likely they will be there to-morrow or Saturday. As to her illness, all -nothing of course. But it is an excellent thing to have Frank among us -again, so near as town. They will stay a good while when they do come, -and he will be half his time with us. This is precisely what I wanted. -Well, pretty good news, is not it? Have you finished it? Has Emma read -it all? Put it up, put it up; we will have a good talk about it some -other time, but it will not do now. I shall only just mention the -circumstance to the others in a common way." - -Mrs. Weston was most comfortably pleased on the occasion. Her looks -and words had nothing to restrain them. She was happy, she knew she was -happy, and knew she ought to be happy. Her congratulations were warm and -open; but Emma could not speak so fluently. _She_ was a little occupied -in weighing her own feelings, and trying to understand the degree of her -agitation, which she rather thought was considerable. - -Mr. Weston, however, too eager to be very observant, too communicative -to want others to talk, was very well satisfied with what she did say, -and soon moved away to make the rest of his friends happy by a partial -communication of what the whole room must have overheard already. - -It was well that he took every body's joy for granted, or he might -not have thought either Mr. Woodhouse or Mr. Knightley particularly -delighted. They were the first entitled, after Mrs. Weston and Emma, to -be made happy;--from them he would have proceeded to Miss Fairfax, but -she was so deep in conversation with John Knightley, that it would have -been too positive an interruption; and finding himself close to Mrs. -Elton, and her attention disengaged, he necessarily began on the subject -with her. - - - -CHAPTER XVIII - - -"I hope I shall soon have the pleasure of introducing my son to you," -said Mr. Weston. - -Mrs. Elton, very willing to suppose a particular compliment intended her -by such a hope, smiled most graciously. - -"You have heard of a certain Frank Churchill, I presume," he -continued--"and know him to be my son, though he does not bear my name." - -"Oh! yes, and I shall be very happy in his acquaintance. I am sure Mr. -Elton will lose no time in calling on him; and we shall both have great -pleasure in seeing him at the Vicarage." - -"You are very obliging.--Frank will be extremely happy, I am sure.-- -He is to be in town next week, if not sooner. We have notice of it in a -letter to-day. I met the letters in my way this morning, and seeing my -son's hand, presumed to open it--though it was not directed to me--it -was to Mrs. Weston. She is his principal correspondent, I assure you. I -hardly ever get a letter." - -"And so you absolutely opened what was directed to her! Oh! Mr. -Weston--(laughing affectedly) I must protest against that.--A most -dangerous precedent indeed!--I beg you will not let your neighbours -follow your example.--Upon my word, if this is what I am to expect, we -married women must begin to exert ourselves!--Oh! Mr. Weston, I could -not have believed it of you!" - -"Aye, we men are sad fellows. You must take care of yourself, Mrs. -Elton.--This letter tells us--it is a short letter--written in a hurry, -merely to give us notice--it tells us that they are all coming up to -town directly, on Mrs. Churchill's account--she has not been well the -whole winter, and thinks Enscombe too cold for her--so they are all to -move southward without loss of time." - -"Indeed!--from Yorkshire, I think. Enscombe is in Yorkshire?" - -"Yes, they are about one hundred and ninety miles from London, a -considerable journey." - -"Yes, upon my word, very considerable. Sixty-five miles farther than -from Maple Grove to London. But what is distance, Mr. Weston, to people -of large fortune?--You would be amazed to hear how my brother, Mr. -Suckling, sometimes flies about. You will hardly believe me--but twice -in one week he and Mr. Bragge went to London and back again with four -horses." - -"The evil of the distance from Enscombe," said Mr. Weston, "is, that -Mrs. Churchill, _as_ _we_ _understand_, has not been able to leave the -sofa for a week together. In Frank's last letter she complained, he -said, of being too weak to get into her conservatory without having -both his arm and his uncle's! This, you know, speaks a great degree of -weakness--but now she is so impatient to be in town, that she means to -sleep only two nights on the road.--So Frank writes word. Certainly, -delicate ladies have very extraordinary constitutions, Mrs. Elton. You -must grant me that." - -"No, indeed, I shall grant you nothing. I always take the part of my -own sex. I do indeed. I give you notice--You will find me a formidable -antagonist on that point. I always stand up for women--and I assure you, -if you knew how Selina feels with respect to sleeping at an inn, you -would not wonder at Mrs. Churchill's making incredible exertions to -avoid it. Selina says it is quite horror to her--and I believe I have -caught a little of her nicety. She always travels with her own sheets; -an excellent precaution. Does Mrs. Churchill do the same?" - -"Depend upon it, Mrs. Churchill does every thing that any other fine -lady ever did. Mrs. Churchill will not be second to any lady in the land -for"-- - -Mrs. Elton eagerly interposed with, - -"Oh! Mr. Weston, do not mistake me. Selina is no fine lady, I assure -you. Do not run away with such an idea." - -"Is not she? Then she is no rule for Mrs. Churchill, who is as thorough -a fine lady as any body ever beheld." - -Mrs. Elton began to think she had been wrong in disclaiming so warmly. -It was by no means her object to have it believed that her sister was -_not_ a fine lady; perhaps there was want of spirit in the pretence of -it;--and she was considering in what way she had best retract, when Mr. -Weston went on. - -"Mrs. Churchill is not much in my good graces, as you may suspect--but -this is quite between ourselves. She is very fond of Frank, and -therefore I would not speak ill of her. Besides, she is out of health -now; but _that_ indeed, by her own account, she has always been. I would -not say so to every body, Mrs. Elton, but I have not much faith in Mrs. -Churchill's illness." - -"If she is really ill, why not go to Bath, Mr. Weston?--To Bath, or to -Clifton?" "She has taken it into her head that Enscombe is too cold for -her. The fact is, I suppose, that she is tired of Enscombe. She has now -been a longer time stationary there, than she ever was before, and she -begins to want change. It is a retired place. A fine place, but very -retired." - -"Aye--like Maple Grove, I dare say. Nothing can stand more retired from -the road than Maple Grove. Such an immense plantation all round it! You -seem shut out from every thing--in the most complete retirement.--And -Mrs. Churchill probably has not health or spirits like Selina to enjoy -that sort of seclusion. Or, perhaps she may not have resources enough in -herself to be qualified for a country life. I always say a woman cannot -have too many resources--and I feel very thankful that I have so many -myself as to be quite independent of society." - - -"Frank was here in February for a fortnight." - -"So I remember to have heard. He will find an _addition_ to the society -of Highbury when he comes again; that is, if I may presume to call -myself an addition. But perhaps he may never have heard of there being -such a creature in the world." - -This was too loud a call for a compliment to be passed by, and Mr. -Weston, with a very good grace, immediately exclaimed, - -"My dear madam! Nobody but yourself could imagine such a thing possible. -Not heard of you!--I believe Mrs. Weston's letters lately have been full -of very little else than Mrs. Elton." - -He had done his duty and could return to his son. - -"When Frank left us," continued he, "it was quite uncertain when we -might see him again, which makes this day's news doubly welcome. It has -been completely unexpected. That is, _I_ always had a strong persuasion -he would be here again soon, I was sure something favourable would turn -up--but nobody believed me. He and Mrs. Weston were both dreadfully -desponding. 'How could he contrive to come? And how could it be supposed -that his uncle and aunt would spare him again?' and so forth--I always -felt that something would happen in our favour; and so it has, you see. -I have observed, Mrs. Elton, in the course of my life, that if things -are going untowardly one month, they are sure to mend the next." - -"Very true, Mr. Weston, perfectly true. It is just what I used to say to -a certain gentleman in company in the days of courtship, when, because -things did not go quite right, did not proceed with all the rapidity -which suited his feelings, he was apt to be in despair, and exclaim that -he was sure at this rate it would be _May_ before Hymen's saffron robe -would be put on for us. Oh! the pains I have been at to dispel those -gloomy ideas and give him cheerfuller views! The carriage--we had -disappointments about the carriage;--one morning, I remember, he came to -me quite in despair." - -She was stopped by a slight fit of coughing, and Mr. Weston instantly -seized the opportunity of going on. - -"You were mentioning May. May is the very month which Mrs. Churchill -is ordered, or has ordered herself, to spend in some warmer place than -Enscombe--in short, to spend in London; so that we have the agreeable -prospect of frequent visits from Frank the whole spring--precisely the -season of the year which one should have chosen for it: days almost at -the longest; weather genial and pleasant, always inviting one out, and -never too hot for exercise. When he was here before, we made the best -of it; but there was a good deal of wet, damp, cheerless weather; -there always is in February, you know, and we could not do half that we -intended. Now will be the time. This will be complete enjoyment; and I -do not know, Mrs. Elton, whether the uncertainty of our meetings, the -sort of constant expectation there will be of his coming in to-day or -to-morrow, and at any hour, may not be more friendly to happiness than -having him actually in the house. I think it is so. I think it is the -state of mind which gives most spirit and delight. I hope you will be -pleased with my son; but you must not expect a prodigy. He is generally -thought a fine young man, but do not expect a prodigy. Mrs. Weston's -partiality for him is very great, and, as you may suppose, most -gratifying to me. She thinks nobody equal to him." - -"And I assure you, Mr. Weston, I have very little doubt that my opinion -will be decidedly in his favour. I have heard so much in praise of Mr. -Frank Churchill.--At the same time it is fair to observe, that I am one -of those who always judge for themselves, and are by no means implicitly -guided by others. I give you notice that as I find your son, so I shall -judge of him.--I am no flatterer." - -Mr. Weston was musing. - -"I hope," said he presently, "I have not been severe upon poor Mrs. -Churchill. If she is ill I should be sorry to do her injustice; but -there are some traits in her character which make it difficult for me to -speak of her with the forbearance I could wish. You cannot be ignorant, -Mrs. Elton, of my connexion with the family, nor of the treatment I have -met with; and, between ourselves, the whole blame of it is to be laid -to her. She was the instigator. Frank's mother would never have been -slighted as she was but for her. Mr. Churchill has pride; but his pride -is nothing to his wife's: his is a quiet, indolent, gentlemanlike sort -of pride that would harm nobody, and only make himself a little helpless -and tiresome; but her pride is arrogance and insolence! And what -inclines one less to bear, she has no fair pretence of family or blood. -She was nobody when he married her, barely the daughter of a gentleman; -but ever since her being turned into a Churchill she has out-Churchill'd -them all in high and mighty claims: but in herself, I assure you, she is -an upstart." - -"Only think! well, that must be infinitely provoking! I have quite -a horror of upstarts. Maple Grove has given me a thorough disgust to -people of that sort; for there is a family in that neighbourhood who -are such an annoyance to my brother and sister from the airs they give -themselves! Your description of Mrs. Churchill made me think of them -directly. People of the name of Tupman, very lately settled there, and -encumbered with many low connexions, but giving themselves immense airs, -and expecting to be on a footing with the old established families. -A year and a half is the very utmost that they can have lived at West -Hall; and how they got their fortune nobody knows. They came from -Birmingham, which is not a place to promise much, you know, Mr. Weston. -One has not great hopes from Birmingham. I always say there is something -direful in the sound: but nothing more is positively known of the -Tupmans, though a good many things I assure you are suspected; and -yet by their manners they evidently think themselves equal even to -my brother, Mr. Suckling, who happens to be one of their nearest -neighbours. It is infinitely too bad. Mr. Suckling, who has been eleven -years a resident at Maple Grove, and whose father had it before him--I -believe, at least--I am almost sure that old Mr. Suckling had completed -the purchase before his death." - -They were interrupted. Tea was carrying round, and Mr. Weston, having -said all that he wanted, soon took the opportunity of walking away. - -After tea, Mr. and Mrs. Weston, and Mr. Elton sat down with Mr. -Woodhouse to cards. The remaining five were left to their own powers, -and Emma doubted their getting on very well; for Mr. Knightley seemed -little disposed for conversation; Mrs. Elton was wanting notice, which -nobody had inclination to pay, and she was herself in a worry of spirits -which would have made her prefer being silent. - -Mr. John Knightley proved more talkative than his brother. He was to -leave them early the next day; and he soon began with-- - -"Well, Emma, I do not believe I have any thing more to say about the -boys; but you have your sister's letter, and every thing is down at full -length there we may be sure. My charge would be much more concise than -her's, and probably not much in the same spirit; all that I have to -recommend being comprised in, do not spoil them, and do not physic -them." - -"I rather hope to satisfy you both," said Emma, "for I shall do all -in my power to make them happy, which will be enough for Isabella; and -happiness must preclude false indulgence and physic." - -"And if you find them troublesome, you must send them home again." - -"That is very likely. You think so, do not you?" - -"I hope I am aware that they may be too noisy for your father--or even -may be some encumbrance to you, if your visiting engagements continue to -increase as much as they have done lately." - -"Increase!" - -"Certainly; you must be sensible that the last half-year has made a -great difference in your way of life." - -"Difference! No indeed I am not." - -"There can be no doubt of your being much more engaged with company than -you used to be. Witness this very time. Here am I come down for only -one day, and you are engaged with a dinner-party!--When did it happen -before, or any thing like it? Your neighbourhood is increasing, and you -mix more with it. A little while ago, every letter to Isabella brought -an account of fresh gaieties; dinners at Mr. Cole's, or balls at the -Crown. The difference which Randalls, Randalls alone makes in your -goings-on, is very great." - -"Yes," said his brother quickly, "it is Randalls that does it all." - -"Very well--and as Randalls, I suppose, is not likely to have less -influence than heretofore, it strikes me as a possible thing, Emma, that -Henry and John may be sometimes in the way. And if they are, I only beg -you to send them home." - -"No," cried Mr. Knightley, "that need not be the consequence. Let them -be sent to Donwell. I shall certainly be at leisure." - -"Upon my word," exclaimed Emma, "you amuse me! I should like to know how -many of all my numerous engagements take place without your being of -the party; and why I am to be supposed in danger of wanting leisure to -attend to the little boys. These amazing engagements of mine--what have -they been? Dining once with the Coles--and having a ball talked of, -which never took place. I can understand you--(nodding at Mr. John -Knightley)--your good fortune in meeting with so many of your friends at -once here, delights you too much to pass unnoticed. But you, (turning to -Mr. Knightley,) who know how very, very seldom I am ever two hours from -Hartfield, why you should foresee such a series of dissipation for me, I -cannot imagine. And as to my dear little boys, I must say, that if Aunt -Emma has not time for them, I do not think they would fare much better -with Uncle Knightley, who is absent from home about five hours where she -is absent one--and who, when he is at home, is either reading to himself -or settling his accounts." - -Mr. Knightley seemed to be trying not to smile; and succeeded without -difficulty, upon Mrs. Elton's beginning to talk to him. - - - - -VOLUME III - - - -CHAPTER I - - -A very little quiet reflection was enough to satisfy Emma as to the -nature of her agitation on hearing this news of Frank Churchill. She -was soon convinced that it was not for herself she was feeling at all -apprehensive or embarrassed; it was for him. Her own attachment had -really subsided into a mere nothing; it was not worth thinking of;--but -if he, who had undoubtedly been always so much the most in love of the -two, were to be returning with the same warmth of sentiment which he had -taken away, it would be very distressing. If a separation of two -months should not have cooled him, there were dangers and evils before -her:--caution for him and for herself would be necessary. She did -not mean to have her own affections entangled again, and it would be -incumbent on her to avoid any encouragement of his. - -She wished she might be able to keep him from an absolute declaration. -That would be so very painful a conclusion of their present -acquaintance! and yet, she could not help rather anticipating something -decisive. She felt as if the spring would not pass without bringing a -crisis, an event, a something to alter her present composed and tranquil -state. - -It was not very long, though rather longer than Mr. Weston had foreseen, -before she had the power of forming some opinion of Frank Churchill's -feelings. The Enscombe family were not in town quite so soon as had been -imagined, but he was at Highbury very soon afterwards. He rode down -for a couple of hours; he could not yet do more; but as he came from -Randalls immediately to Hartfield, she could then exercise all her quick -observation, and speedily determine how he was influenced, and how she -must act. They met with the utmost friendliness. There could be no doubt -of his great pleasure in seeing her. But she had an almost instant doubt -of his caring for her as he had done, of his feeling the same tenderness -in the same degree. She watched him well. It was a clear thing he was -less in love than he had been. Absence, with the conviction probably -of her indifference, had produced this very natural and very desirable -effect. - -He was in high spirits; as ready to talk and laugh as ever, and seemed -delighted to speak of his former visit, and recur to old stories: and he -was not without agitation. It was not in his calmness that she read -his comparative difference. He was not calm; his spirits were evidently -fluttered; there was restlessness about him. Lively as he was, it seemed -a liveliness that did not satisfy himself; but what decided her belief -on the subject, was his staying only a quarter of an hour, and hurrying -away to make other calls in Highbury. "He had seen a group of old -acquaintance in the street as he passed--he had not stopped, he would -not stop for more than a word--but he had the vanity to think they would -be disappointed if he did not call, and much as he wished to stay longer -at Hartfield, he must hurry off." She had no doubt as to his being less -in love--but neither his agitated spirits, nor his hurrying away, seemed -like a perfect cure; and she was rather inclined to think it implied a -dread of her returning power, and a discreet resolution of not trusting -himself with her long. - -This was the only visit from Frank Churchill in the course of ten days. -He was often hoping, intending to come--but was always prevented. His -aunt could not bear to have him leave her. Such was his own account at -Randall's. If he were quite sincere, if he really tried to come, it was -to be inferred that Mrs. Churchill's removal to London had been of no -service to the wilful or nervous part of her disorder. That she was -really ill was very certain; he had declared himself convinced of it, at -Randalls. Though much might be fancy, he could not doubt, when he looked -back, that she was in a weaker state of health than she had been half a -year ago. He did not believe it to proceed from any thing that care -and medicine might not remove, or at least that she might not have many -years of existence before her; but he could not be prevailed on, by all -his father's doubts, to say that her complaints were merely imaginary, -or that she was as strong as ever. - -It soon appeared that London was not the place for her. She could -not endure its noise. Her nerves were under continual irritation and -suffering; and by the ten days' end, her nephew's letter to Randalls -communicated a change of plan. They were going to remove immediately to -Richmond. Mrs. Churchill had been recommended to the medical skill of -an eminent person there, and had otherwise a fancy for the place. A -ready-furnished house in a favourite spot was engaged, and much benefit -expected from the change. - -Emma heard that Frank wrote in the highest spirits of this arrangement, -and seemed most fully to appreciate the blessing of having two months -before him of such near neighbourhood to many dear friends--for the -house was taken for May and June. She was told that now he wrote with -the greatest confidence of being often with them, almost as often as he -could even wish. - -Emma saw how Mr. Weston understood these joyous prospects. He was -considering her as the source of all the happiness they offered. She -hoped it was not so. Two months must bring it to the proof. - -Mr. Weston's own happiness was indisputable. He was quite delighted. -It was the very circumstance he could have wished for. Now, it would be -really having Frank in their neighbourhood. What were nine miles to -a young man?--An hour's ride. He would be always coming over. The -difference in that respect of Richmond and London was enough to make -the whole difference of seeing him always and seeing him never. Sixteen -miles--nay, eighteen--it must be full eighteen to Manchester-street--was -a serious obstacle. Were he ever able to get away, the day would be -spent in coming and returning. There was no comfort in having him in -London; he might as well be at Enscombe; but Richmond was the very -distance for easy intercourse. Better than nearer! - -One good thing was immediately brought to a certainty by this -removal,--the ball at the Crown. It had not been forgotten before, -but it had been soon acknowledged vain to attempt to fix a day. Now, -however, it was absolutely to be; every preparation was resumed, and -very soon after the Churchills had removed to Richmond, a few lines from -Frank, to say that his aunt felt already much better for the change, and -that he had no doubt of being able to join them for twenty-four hours at -any given time, induced them to name as early a day as possible. - -Mr. Weston's ball was to be a real thing. A very few to-morrows stood -between the young people of Highbury and happiness. - -Mr. Woodhouse was resigned. The time of year lightened the evil to him. -May was better for every thing than February. Mrs. Bates was engaged to -spend the evening at Hartfield, James had due notice, and he sanguinely -hoped that neither dear little Henry nor dear little John would have any -thing the matter with them, while dear Emma were gone. - - - -CHAPTER II - - -No misfortune occurred, again to prevent the ball. The day approached, -the day arrived; and after a morning of some anxious watching, Frank -Churchill, in all the certainty of his own self, reached Randalls before -dinner, and every thing was safe. - -No second meeting had there yet been between him and Emma. The room -at the Crown was to witness it;--but it would be better than a -common meeting in a crowd. Mr. Weston had been so very earnest in his -entreaties for her arriving there as soon as possible after themselves, -for the purpose of taking her opinion as to the propriety and comfort of -the rooms before any other persons came, that she could not refuse him, -and must therefore spend some quiet interval in the young man's company. -She was to convey Harriet, and they drove to the Crown in good time, the -Randalls party just sufficiently before them. - -Frank Churchill seemed to have been on the watch; and though he did not -say much, his eyes declared that he meant to have a delightful evening. -They all walked about together, to see that every thing was as it should -be; and within a few minutes were joined by the contents of another -carriage, which Emma could not hear the sound of at first, without great -surprize. "So unreasonably early!" she was going to exclaim; but she -presently found that it was a family of old friends, who were coming, -like herself, by particular desire, to help Mr. Weston's judgment; and -they were so very closely followed by another carriage of cousins, -who had been entreated to come early with the same distinguishing -earnestness, on the same errand, that it seemed as if half the company -might soon be collected together for the purpose of preparatory -inspection. - -Emma perceived that her taste was not the only taste on which Mr. Weston -depended, and felt, that to be the favourite and intimate of a man -who had so many intimates and confidantes, was not the very first -distinction in the scale of vanity. She liked his open manners, but -a little less of open-heartedness would have made him a higher -character.--General benevolence, but not general friendship, made a -man what he ought to be.--She could fancy such a man. The whole party -walked about, and looked, and praised again; and then, having nothing -else to do, formed a sort of half-circle round the fire, to observe -in their various modes, till other subjects were started, that, though -_May_, a fire in the evening was still very pleasant. - -Emma found that it was not Mr. Weston's fault that the number of privy -councillors was not yet larger. They had stopped at Mrs. Bates's door -to offer the use of their carriage, but the aunt and niece were to be -brought by the Eltons. - -Frank was standing by her, but not steadily; there was a restlessness, -which shewed a mind not at ease. He was looking about, he was going to -the door, he was watching for the sound of other carriages,--impatient -to begin, or afraid of being always near her. - -Mrs. Elton was spoken of. "I think she must be here soon," said he. "I -have a great curiosity to see Mrs. Elton, I have heard so much of her. -It cannot be long, I think, before she comes." - -A carriage was heard. He was on the move immediately; but coming back, -said, - -"I am forgetting that I am not acquainted with her. I have never seen -either Mr. or Mrs. Elton. I have no business to put myself forward." - -Mr. and Mrs. Elton appeared; and all the smiles and the proprieties -passed. - -"But Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax!" said Mr. Weston, looking about. "We -thought you were to bring them." - -The mistake had been slight. The carriage was sent for them now. Emma -longed to know what Frank's first opinion of Mrs. Elton might be; how -he was affected by the studied elegance of her dress, and her smiles of -graciousness. He was immediately qualifying himself to form an opinion, -by giving her very proper attention, after the introduction had passed. - -In a few minutes the carriage returned.--Somebody talked of rain.--"I -will see that there are umbrellas, sir," said Frank to his father: -"Miss Bates must not be forgotten:" and away he went. Mr. Weston was -following; but Mrs. Elton detained him, to gratify him by her opinion -of his son; and so briskly did she begin, that the young man himself, -though by no means moving slowly, could hardly be out of hearing. - -"A very fine young man indeed, Mr. Weston. You know I candidly told you -I should form my own opinion; and I am happy to say that I am extremely -pleased with him.--You may believe me. I never compliment. I think him -a very handsome young man, and his manners are precisely what I like and -approve--so truly the gentleman, without the least conceit or puppyism. -You must know I have a vast dislike to puppies--quite a horror of them. -They were never tolerated at Maple Grove. Neither Mr. Suckling nor -me had ever any patience with them; and we used sometimes to say very -cutting things! Selina, who is mild almost to a fault, bore with them -much better." - -While she talked of his son, Mr. Weston's attention was chained; but -when she got to Maple Grove, he could recollect that there were ladies -just arriving to be attended to, and with happy smiles must hurry away. - -Mrs. Elton turned to Mrs. Weston. "I have no doubt of its being our -carriage with Miss Bates and Jane. Our coachman and horses are so -extremely expeditious!--I believe we drive faster than any body.--What -a pleasure it is to send one's carriage for a friend!--I understand you -were so kind as to offer, but another time it will be quite unnecessary. -You may be very sure I shall always take care of _them_." - -Miss Bates and Miss Fairfax, escorted by the two gentlemen, walked into -the room; and Mrs. Elton seemed to think it as much her duty as Mrs. -Weston's to receive them. Her gestures and movements might be understood -by any one who looked on like Emma; but her words, every body's words, -were soon lost under the incessant flow of Miss Bates, who came in -talking, and had not finished her speech under many minutes after her -being admitted into the circle at the fire. As the door opened she was -heard, - -"So very obliging of you!--No rain at all. Nothing to signify. I do not -care for myself. Quite thick shoes. And Jane declares--Well!--(as soon -as she was within the door) Well! This is brilliant indeed!--This is -admirable!--Excellently contrived, upon my word. Nothing wanting. Could -not have imagined it.--So well lighted up!--Jane, Jane, look!--did you -ever see any thing? Oh! Mr. Weston, you must really have had Aladdin's -lamp. Good Mrs. Stokes would not know her own room again. I saw her as -I came in; she was standing in the entrance. 'Oh! Mrs. Stokes,' said -I--but I had not time for more." She was now met by Mrs. Weston.--"Very -well, I thank you, ma'am. I hope you are quite well. Very happy to hear -it. So afraid you might have a headache!--seeing you pass by so often, -and knowing how much trouble you must have. Delighted to hear it indeed. -Ah! dear Mrs. Elton, so obliged to you for the carriage!--excellent -time. Jane and I quite ready. Did not keep the horses a moment. Most -comfortable carriage.--Oh! and I am sure our thanks are due to you, -Mrs. Weston, on that score. Mrs. Elton had most kindly sent Jane a note, -or we should have been.--But two such offers in one day!--Never were -such neighbours. I said to my mother, 'Upon my word, ma'am--.' Thank -you, my mother is remarkably well. Gone to Mr. Woodhouse's. I made her -take her shawl--for the evenings are not warm--her large new shawl-- -Mrs. Dixon's wedding-present.--So kind of her to think of my mother! -Bought at Weymouth, you know--Mr. Dixon's choice. There were three -others, Jane says, which they hesitated about some time. Colonel -Campbell rather preferred an olive. My dear Jane, are you sure you did -not wet your feet?--It was but a drop or two, but I am so afraid:--but -Mr. Frank Churchill was so extremely--and there was a mat to step -upon--I shall never forget his extreme politeness.--Oh! Mr. Frank -Churchill, I must tell you my mother's spectacles have never been in -fault since; the rivet never came out again. My mother often talks of -your good-nature. Does not she, Jane?--Do not we often talk of Mr. Frank -Churchill?--Ah! here's Miss Woodhouse.--Dear Miss Woodhouse, how do -you do?--Very well I thank you, quite well. This is meeting quite -in fairy-land!--Such a transformation!--Must not compliment, I know -(eyeing Emma most complacently)--that would be rude--but upon my word, -Miss Woodhouse, you do look--how do you like Jane's hair?--You are -a judge.--She did it all herself. Quite wonderful how she does her -hair!--No hairdresser from London I think could.--Ah! Dr. Hughes I -declare--and Mrs. Hughes. Must go and speak to Dr. and Mrs. Hughes for a -moment.--How do you do? How do you do?--Very well, I thank you. This -is delightful, is not it?--Where's dear Mr. Richard?--Oh! there he is. -Don't disturb him. Much better employed talking to the young ladies. How -do you do, Mr. Richard?--I saw you the other day as you rode through -the town--Mrs. Otway, I protest!--and good Mr. Otway, and Miss Otway -and Miss Caroline.--Such a host of friends!--and Mr. George and Mr. -Arthur!--How do you do? How do you all do?--Quite well, I am much -obliged to you. Never better.--Don't I hear another carriage?--Who can -this be?--very likely the worthy Coles.--Upon my word, this is charming -to be standing about among such friends! And such a noble fire!--I am -quite roasted. No coffee, I thank you, for me--never take coffee.--A -little tea if you please, sir, by and bye,--no hurry--Oh! here it comes. -Every thing so good!" - -Frank Churchill returned to his station by Emma; and as soon as Miss -Bates was quiet, she found herself necessarily overhearing the discourse -of Mrs. Elton and Miss Fairfax, who were standing a little way behind -her.--He was thoughtful. Whether he were overhearing too, she could not -determine. After a good many compliments to Jane on her dress and look, -compliments very quietly and properly taken, Mrs. Elton was evidently -wanting to be complimented herself--and it was, "How do you like -my gown?--How do you like my trimming?--How has Wright done my -hair?"--with many other relative questions, all answered with patient -politeness. Mrs. Elton then said, "Nobody can think less of dress in -general than I do--but upon such an occasion as this, when every body's -eyes are so much upon me, and in compliment to the Westons--who I have -no doubt are giving this ball chiefly to do me honour--I would not wish -to be inferior to others. And I see very few pearls in the room except -mine.--So Frank Churchill is a capital dancer, I understand.--We shall -see if our styles suit.--A fine young man certainly is Frank Churchill. -I like him very well." - -At this moment Frank began talking so vigorously, that Emma could not -but imagine he had overheard his own praises, and did not want to hear -more;--and the voices of the ladies were drowned for a while, till -another suspension brought Mrs. Elton's tones again distinctly -forward.--Mr. Elton had just joined them, and his wife was exclaiming, - -"Oh! you have found us out at last, have you, in our seclusion?--I was -this moment telling Jane, I thought you would begin to be impatient for -tidings of us." - -"Jane!"--repeated Frank Churchill, with a look of surprize and -displeasure.--"That is easy--but Miss Fairfax does not disapprove it, I -suppose." - -"How do you like Mrs. Elton?" said Emma in a whisper. - -"Not at all." - -"You are ungrateful." - -"Ungrateful!--What do you mean?" Then changing from a frown to a -smile--"No, do not tell me--I do not want to know what you mean.--Where -is my father?--When are we to begin dancing?" - -Emma could hardly understand him; he seemed in an odd humour. He walked -off to find his father, but was quickly back again with both Mr. and -Mrs. Weston. He had met with them in a little perplexity, which must be -laid before Emma. It had just occurred to Mrs. Weston that Mrs. Elton -must be asked to begin the ball; that she would expect it; which -interfered with all their wishes of giving Emma that distinction.--Emma -heard the sad truth with fortitude. - -"And what are we to do for a proper partner for her?" said Mr. Weston. -"She will think Frank ought to ask her." - -Frank turned instantly to Emma, to claim her former promise; and -boasted himself an engaged man, which his father looked his most perfect -approbation of--and it then appeared that Mrs. Weston was wanting _him_ -to dance with Mrs. Elton himself, and that their business was to help to -persuade him into it, which was done pretty soon.--Mr. Weston and Mrs. -Elton led the way, Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Woodhouse followed. -Emma must submit to stand second to Mrs. Elton, though she had always -considered the ball as peculiarly for her. It was almost enough to make -her think of marrying. Mrs. Elton had undoubtedly the advantage, at this -time, in vanity completely gratified; for though she had intended to -begin with Frank Churchill, she could not lose by the change. Mr. Weston -might be his son's superior.--In spite of this little rub, however, -Emma was smiling with enjoyment, delighted to see the respectable length -of the set as it was forming, and to feel that she had so many hours -of unusual festivity before her.--She was more disturbed by Mr. -Knightley's not dancing than by any thing else.--There he was, among -the standers-by, where he ought not to be; he ought to be dancing,--not -classing himself with the husbands, and fathers, and whist-players, who -were pretending to feel an interest in the dance till their rubbers were -made up,--so young as he looked!--He could not have appeared to greater -advantage perhaps anywhere, than where he had placed himself. His tall, -firm, upright figure, among the bulky forms and stooping shoulders of -the elderly men, was such as Emma felt must draw every body's eyes; -and, excepting her own partner, there was not one among the whole row of -young men who could be compared with him.--He moved a few steps nearer, -and those few steps were enough to prove in how gentlemanlike a manner, -with what natural grace, he must have danced, would he but take the -trouble.--Whenever she caught his eye, she forced him to smile; but -in general he was looking grave. She wished he could love a ballroom -better, and could like Frank Churchill better.--He seemed often -observing her. She must not flatter herself that he thought of her -dancing, but if he were criticising her behaviour, she did not feel -afraid. There was nothing like flirtation between her and her partner. -They seemed more like cheerful, easy friends, than lovers. That Frank -Churchill thought less of her than he had done, was indubitable. - -The ball proceeded pleasantly. The anxious cares, the incessant -attentions of Mrs. Weston, were not thrown away. Every body seemed -happy; and the praise of being a delightful ball, which is seldom -bestowed till after a ball has ceased to be, was repeatedly given in -the very beginning of the existence of this. Of very important, very -recordable events, it was not more productive than such meetings usually -are. There was one, however, which Emma thought something of.--The two -last dances before supper were begun, and Harriet had no partner;--the -only young lady sitting down;--and so equal had been hitherto the -number of dancers, that how there could be any one disengaged was the -wonder!--But Emma's wonder lessened soon afterwards, on seeing Mr. Elton -sauntering about. He would not ask Harriet to dance if it were possible -to be avoided: she was sure he would not--and she was expecting him -every moment to escape into the card-room. - -Escape, however, was not his plan. He came to the part of the room where -the sitters-by were collected, spoke to some, and walked about in front -of them, as if to shew his liberty, and his resolution of maintaining -it. He did not omit being sometimes directly before Miss Smith, or -speaking to those who were close to her.--Emma saw it. She was not yet -dancing; she was working her way up from the bottom, and had therefore -leisure to look around, and by only turning her head a little she saw -it all. When she was half-way up the set, the whole group were exactly -behind her, and she would no longer allow her eyes to watch; but Mr. -Elton was so near, that she heard every syllable of a dialogue which -just then took place between him and Mrs. Weston; and she perceived that -his wife, who was standing immediately above her, was not only -listening also, but even encouraging him by significant glances.--The -kind-hearted, gentle Mrs. Weston had left her seat to join him and say, -"Do not you dance, Mr. Elton?" to which his prompt reply was, "Most -readily, Mrs. Weston, if you will dance with me." - -"Me!--oh! no--I would get you a better partner than myself. I am no -dancer." - -"If Mrs. Gilbert wishes to dance," said he, "I shall have great -pleasure, I am sure--for, though beginning to feel myself rather an old -married man, and that my dancing days are over, it would give me very -great pleasure at any time to stand up with an old friend like Mrs. -Gilbert." - -"Mrs. Gilbert does not mean to dance, but there is a young lady -disengaged whom I should be very glad to see dancing--Miss Smith." "Miss -Smith!--oh!--I had not observed.--You are extremely obliging--and if I -were not an old married man.--But my dancing days are over, Mrs. Weston. -You will excuse me. Any thing else I should be most happy to do, at your -command--but my dancing days are over." - -Mrs. Weston said no more; and Emma could imagine with what surprize and -mortification she must be returning to her seat. This was Mr. Elton! the -amiable, obliging, gentle Mr. Elton.--She looked round for a moment; he -had joined Mr. Knightley at a little distance, and was arranging himself -for settled conversation, while smiles of high glee passed between him -and his wife. - -She would not look again. Her heart was in a glow, and she feared her -face might be as hot. - -In another moment a happier sight caught her;--Mr. Knightley leading -Harriet to the set!--Never had she been more surprized, seldom more -delighted, than at that instant. She was all pleasure and gratitude, -both for Harriet and herself, and longed to be thanking him; and though -too distant for speech, her countenance said much, as soon as she could -catch his eye again. - -His dancing proved to be just what she had believed it, extremely good; -and Harriet would have seemed almost too lucky, if it had not been for -the cruel state of things before, and for the very complete enjoyment -and very high sense of the distinction which her happy features -announced. It was not thrown away on her, she bounded higher than ever, -flew farther down the middle, and was in a continual course of smiles. - -Mr. Elton had retreated into the card-room, looking (Emma trusted) very -foolish. She did not think he was quite so hardened as his wife, though -growing very like her;--_she_ spoke some of her feelings, by observing -audibly to her partner, - -"Knightley has taken pity on poor little Miss Smith!--Very good-natured, -I declare." - -Supper was announced. The move began; and Miss Bates might be heard from -that moment, without interruption, till her being seated at table and -taking up her spoon. - -"Jane, Jane, my dear Jane, where are you?--Here is your tippet. Mrs. -Weston begs you to put on your tippet. She says she is afraid there will -be draughts in the passage, though every thing has been done--One door -nailed up--Quantities of matting--My dear Jane, indeed you must. -Mr. Churchill, oh! you are too obliging! How well you put it on!--so -gratified! Excellent dancing indeed!--Yes, my dear, I ran home, as I -said I should, to help grandmama to bed, and got back again, and -nobody missed me.--I set off without saying a word, just as I told you. -Grandmama was quite well, had a charming evening with Mr. Woodhouse, a -vast deal of chat, and backgammon.--Tea was made downstairs, biscuits -and baked apples and wine before she came away: amazing luck in some -of her throws: and she inquired a great deal about you, how you were -amused, and who were your partners. 'Oh!' said I, 'I shall not forestall -Jane; I left her dancing with Mr. George Otway; she will love to tell -you all about it herself to-morrow: her first partner was Mr. Elton, -I do not know who will ask her next, perhaps Mr. William Cox.' My dear -sir, you are too obliging.--Is there nobody you would not rather?--I am -not helpless. Sir, you are most kind. Upon my word, Jane on one arm, and -me on the other!--Stop, stop, let us stand a little back, Mrs. Elton is -going; dear Mrs. Elton, how elegant she looks!--Beautiful lace!--Now we -all follow in her train. Quite the queen of the evening!--Well, here we -are at the passage. Two steps, Jane, take care of the two steps. Oh! no, -there is but one. Well, I was persuaded there were two. How very odd! -I was convinced there were two, and there is but one. I never saw any -thing equal to the comfort and style--Candles everywhere.--I was telling -you of your grandmama, Jane,--There was a little disappointment.--The -baked apples and biscuits, excellent in their way, you know; but there -was a delicate fricassee of sweetbread and some asparagus brought in at -first, and good Mr. Woodhouse, not thinking the asparagus quite boiled -enough, sent it all out again. Now there is nothing grandmama loves -better than sweetbread and asparagus--so she was rather disappointed, -but we agreed we would not speak of it to any body, for fear of -its getting round to dear Miss Woodhouse, who would be so very much -concerned!--Well, this is brilliant! I am all amazement! could not have -supposed any thing!--Such elegance and profusion!--I have seen nothing -like it since--Well, where shall we sit? where shall we sit? Anywhere, -so that Jane is not in a draught. Where _I_ sit is of no consequence. -Oh! do you recommend this side?--Well, I am sure, Mr. Churchill--only -it seems too good--but just as you please. What you direct in this house -cannot be wrong. Dear Jane, how shall we ever recollect half the dishes -for grandmama? Soup too! Bless me! I should not be helped so soon, but -it smells most excellent, and I cannot help beginning." - -Emma had no opportunity of speaking to Mr. Knightley till after supper; -but, when they were all in the ballroom again, her eyes invited -him irresistibly to come to her and be thanked. He was warm in his -reprobation of Mr. Elton's conduct; it had been unpardonable rudeness; -and Mrs. Elton's looks also received the due share of censure. - -"They aimed at wounding more than Harriet," said he. "Emma, why is it -that they are your enemies?" - -He looked with smiling penetration; and, on receiving no answer, added, -"_She_ ought not to be angry with you, I suspect, whatever he may -be.--To that surmise, you say nothing, of course; but confess, Emma, -that you did want him to marry Harriet." - -"I did," replied Emma, "and they cannot forgive me." - -He shook his head; but there was a smile of indulgence with it, and he -only said, - -"I shall not scold you. I leave you to your own reflections." - -"Can you trust me with such flatterers?--Does my vain spirit ever tell -me I am wrong?" - -"Not your vain spirit, but your serious spirit.--If one leads you wrong, -I am sure the other tells you of it." - -"I do own myself to have been completely mistaken in Mr. Elton. There is -a littleness about him which you discovered, and which I did not: and I -was fully convinced of his being in love with Harriet. It was through a -series of strange blunders!" - -"And, in return for your acknowledging so much, I will do you the -justice to say, that you would have chosen for him better than he has -chosen for himself.--Harriet Smith has some first-rate qualities, which -Mrs. Elton is totally without. An unpretending, single-minded, artless -girl--infinitely to be preferred by any man of sense and taste to such a -woman as Mrs. Elton. I found Harriet more conversable than I expected." - -Emma was extremely gratified.--They were interrupted by the bustle of -Mr. Weston calling on every body to begin dancing again. - -"Come Miss Woodhouse, Miss Otway, Miss Fairfax, what are you all -doing?--Come Emma, set your companions the example. Every body is lazy! -Every body is asleep!" - -"I am ready," said Emma, "whenever I am wanted." - -"Whom are you going to dance with?" asked Mr. Knightley. - -She hesitated a moment, and then replied, "With you, if you will ask -me." - -"Will you?" said he, offering his hand. - -"Indeed I will. You have shewn that you can dance, and you know we are -not really so much brother and sister as to make it at all improper." - -"Brother and sister! no, indeed." - - - -CHAPTER III - - -This little explanation with Mr. Knightley gave Emma considerable -pleasure. It was one of the agreeable recollections of the ball, which -she walked about the lawn the next morning to enjoy.--She was extremely -glad that they had come to so good an understanding respecting the -Eltons, and that their opinions of both husband and wife were so much -alike; and his praise of Harriet, his concession in her favour, was -peculiarly gratifying. The impertinence of the Eltons, which for a few -minutes had threatened to ruin the rest of her evening, had been the -occasion of some of its highest satisfactions; and she looked forward -to another happy result--the cure of Harriet's infatuation.--From -Harriet's manner of speaking of the circumstance before they quitted the -ballroom, she had strong hopes. It seemed as if her eyes were suddenly -opened, and she were enabled to see that Mr. Elton was not the superior -creature she had believed him. The fever was over, and Emma could -harbour little fear of the pulse being quickened again by injurious -courtesy. She depended on the evil feelings of the Eltons for -supplying all the discipline of pointed neglect that could be farther -requisite.--Harriet rational, Frank Churchill not too much in love, and -Mr. Knightley not wanting to quarrel with her, how very happy a summer -must be before her! - -She was not to see Frank Churchill this morning. He had told her that he -could not allow himself the pleasure of stopping at Hartfield, as he was -to be at home by the middle of the day. She did not regret it. - -Having arranged all these matters, looked them through, and put them all -to rights, she was just turning to the house with spirits freshened up -for the demands of the two little boys, as well as of their grandpapa, -when the great iron sweep-gate opened, and two persons entered whom she -had never less expected to see together--Frank Churchill, with Harriet -leaning on his arm--actually Harriet!--A moment sufficed to convince -her that something extraordinary had happened. Harriet looked white -and frightened, and he was trying to cheer her.--The iron gates and the -front-door were not twenty yards asunder;--they were all three soon in -the hall, and Harriet immediately sinking into a chair fainted away. - -A young lady who faints, must be recovered; questions must be answered, -and surprizes be explained. Such events are very interesting, but the -suspense of them cannot last long. A few minutes made Emma acquainted -with the whole. - -Miss Smith, and Miss Bickerton, another parlour boarder at Mrs. -Goddard's, who had been also at the ball, had walked out together, and -taken a road, the Richmond road, which, though apparently public enough -for safety, had led them into alarm.--About half a mile beyond Highbury, -making a sudden turn, and deeply shaded by elms on each side, it became -for a considerable stretch very retired; and when the young ladies -had advanced some way into it, they had suddenly perceived at a small -distance before them, on a broader patch of greensward by the side, a -party of gipsies. A child on the watch, came towards them to beg; and -Miss Bickerton, excessively frightened, gave a great scream, and calling -on Harriet to follow her, ran up a steep bank, cleared a slight hedge at -the top, and made the best of her way by a short cut back to Highbury. -But poor Harriet could not follow. She had suffered very much from cramp -after dancing, and her first attempt to mount the bank brought on such -a return of it as made her absolutely powerless--and in this state, and -exceedingly terrified, she had been obliged to remain. - -How the trampers might have behaved, had the young ladies been more -courageous, must be doubtful; but such an invitation for attack could -not be resisted; and Harriet was soon assailed by half a dozen children, -headed by a stout woman and a great boy, all clamorous, and impertinent -in look, though not absolutely in word.--More and more frightened, she -immediately promised them money, and taking out her purse, gave them a -shilling, and begged them not to want more, or to use her ill.--She -was then able to walk, though but slowly, and was moving away--but her -terror and her purse were too tempting, and she was followed, or rather -surrounded, by the whole gang, demanding more. - -In this state Frank Churchill had found her, she trembling and -conditioning, they loud and insolent. By a most fortunate chance his -leaving Highbury had been delayed so as to bring him to her assistance -at this critical moment. The pleasantness of the morning had induced -him to walk forward, and leave his horses to meet him by another road, -a mile or two beyond Highbury--and happening to have borrowed a pair -of scissors the night before of Miss Bates, and to have forgotten to -restore them, he had been obliged to stop at her door, and go in for a -few minutes: he was therefore later than he had intended; and being -on foot, was unseen by the whole party till almost close to them. The -terror which the woman and boy had been creating in Harriet was then -their own portion. He had left them completely frightened; and Harriet -eagerly clinging to him, and hardly able to speak, had just strength -enough to reach Hartfield, before her spirits were quite overcome. -It was his idea to bring her to Hartfield: he had thought of no other -place. - -This was the amount of the whole story,--of his communication and of -Harriet's as soon as she had recovered her senses and speech.--He dared -not stay longer than to see her well; these several delays left him -not another minute to lose; and Emma engaging to give assurance of her -safety to Mrs. Goddard, and notice of there being such a set of people -in the neighbourhood to Mr. Knightley, he set off, with all the grateful -blessings that she could utter for her friend and herself. - -Such an adventure as this,--a fine young man and a lovely young woman -thrown together in such a way, could hardly fail of suggesting certain -ideas to the coldest heart and the steadiest brain. So Emma thought, at -least. Could a linguist, could a grammarian, could even a mathematician -have seen what she did, have witnessed their appearance together, and -heard their history of it, without feeling that circumstances had been -at work to make them peculiarly interesting to each other?--How much -more must an imaginist, like herself, be on fire with speculation and -foresight!--especially with such a groundwork of anticipation as her -mind had already made. - -It was a very extraordinary thing! Nothing of the sort had ever -occurred before to any young ladies in the place, within her memory; no -rencontre, no alarm of the kind;--and now it had happened to the very -person, and at the very hour, when the other very person was chancing -to pass by to rescue her!--It certainly was very extraordinary!--And -knowing, as she did, the favourable state of mind of each at this -period, it struck her the more. He was wishing to get the better of his -attachment to herself, she just recovering from her mania for Mr. Elton. -It seemed as if every thing united to promise the most interesting -consequences. It was not possible that the occurrence should not be -strongly recommending each to the other. - -In the few minutes' conversation which she had yet had with him, while -Harriet had been partially insensible, he had spoken of her terror, -her naivete, her fervour as she seized and clung to his arm, with a -sensibility amused and delighted; and just at last, after Harriet's -own account had been given, he had expressed his indignation at the -abominable folly of Miss Bickerton in the warmest terms. Every thing was -to take its natural course, however, neither impelled nor assisted. -She would not stir a step, nor drop a hint. No, she had had enough of -interference. There could be no harm in a scheme, a mere passive scheme. -It was no more than a wish. Beyond it she would on no account proceed. - -Emma's first resolution was to keep her father from the knowledge of -what had passed,--aware of the anxiety and alarm it would occasion: but -she soon felt that concealment must be impossible. Within half an hour -it was known all over Highbury. It was the very event to engage those -who talk most, the young and the low; and all the youth and servants in -the place were soon in the happiness of frightful news. The last night's -ball seemed lost in the gipsies. Poor Mr. Woodhouse trembled as he sat, -and, as Emma had foreseen, would scarcely be satisfied without their -promising never to go beyond the shrubbery again. It was some comfort -to him that many inquiries after himself and Miss Woodhouse (for his -neighbours knew that he loved to be inquired after), as well as Miss -Smith, were coming in during the rest of the day; and he had -the pleasure of returning for answer, that they were all very -indifferent--which, though not exactly true, for she was perfectly well, -and Harriet not much otherwise, Emma would not interfere with. She had -an unhappy state of health in general for the child of such a man, -for she hardly knew what indisposition was; and if he did not invent -illnesses for her, she could make no figure in a message. - -The gipsies did not wait for the operations of justice; they took -themselves off in a hurry. The young ladies of Highbury might have -walked again in safety before their panic began, and the whole history -dwindled soon into a matter of little importance but to Emma and her -nephews:--in her imagination it maintained its ground, and Henry and -John were still asking every day for the story of Harriet and the -gipsies, and still tenaciously setting her right if she varied in the -slightest particular from the original recital. - - - -CHAPTER IV - - -A very few days had passed after this adventure, when Harriet came one -morning to Emma with a small parcel in her hand, and after sitting down -and hesitating, thus began: - -"Miss Woodhouse--if you are at leisure--I have something that I should -like to tell you--a sort of confession to make--and then, you know, it -will be over." - -Emma was a good deal surprized; but begged her to speak. There was a -seriousness in Harriet's manner which prepared her, quite as much as her -words, for something more than ordinary. - -"It is my duty, and I am sure it is my wish," she continued, "to have -no reserves with you on this subject. As I am happily quite an altered -creature in _one_ _respect_, it is very fit that you should have -the satisfaction of knowing it. I do not want to say more than is -necessary--I am too much ashamed of having given way as I have done, and -I dare say you understand me." - -"Yes," said Emma, "I hope I do." - -"How I could so long a time be fancying myself!..." cried Harriet, -warmly. "It seems like madness! I can see nothing at all extraordinary -in him now.--I do not care whether I meet him or not--except that of the -two I had rather not see him--and indeed I would go any distance round -to avoid him--but I do not envy his wife in the least; I neither admire -her nor envy her, as I have done: she is very charming, I dare say, and -all that, but I think her very ill-tempered and disagreeable--I shall -never forget her look the other night!--However, I assure you, Miss -Woodhouse, I wish her no evil.--No, let them be ever so happy together, -it will not give me another moment's pang: and to convince you that I -have been speaking truth, I am now going to destroy--what I ought to -have destroyed long ago--what I ought never to have kept--I know that -very well (blushing as she spoke).--However, now I will destroy it -all--and it is my particular wish to do it in your presence, that you -may see how rational I am grown. Cannot you guess what this parcel -holds?" said she, with a conscious look. - -"Not the least in the world.--Did he ever give you any thing?" - -"No--I cannot call them gifts; but they are things that I have valued -very much." - -She held the parcel towards her, and Emma read the words _Most_ -_precious_ _treasures_ on the top. Her curiosity was greatly excited. -Harriet unfolded the parcel, and she looked on with impatience. Within -abundance of silver paper was a pretty little Tunbridge-ware box, -which Harriet opened: it was well lined with the softest cotton; but, -excepting the cotton, Emma saw only a small piece of court-plaister. - -"Now," said Harriet, "you _must_ recollect." - -"No, indeed I do not." - -"Dear me! I should not have thought it possible you could forget what -passed in this very room about court-plaister, one of the very last -times we ever met in it!--It was but a very few days before I had my -sore throat--just before Mr. and Mrs. John Knightley came--I think the -very evening.--Do not you remember his cutting his finger with your new -penknife, and your recommending court-plaister?--But, as you had none -about you, and knew I had, you desired me to supply him; and so I took -mine out and cut him a piece; but it was a great deal too large, and he -cut it smaller, and kept playing some time with what was left, before he -gave it back to me. And so then, in my nonsense, I could not help making -a treasure of it--so I put it by never to be used, and looked at it now -and then as a great treat." - -"My dearest Harriet!" cried Emma, putting her hand before her face, -and jumping up, "you make me more ashamed of myself than I can bear. -Remember it? Aye, I remember it all now; all, except your saving this -relic--I knew nothing of that till this moment--but the cutting the -finger, and my recommending court-plaister, and saying I had none -about me!--Oh! my sins, my sins!--And I had plenty all the while in my -pocket!--One of my senseless tricks!--I deserve to be under a continual -blush all the rest of my life.--Well--(sitting down again)--go on--what -else?" - -"And had you really some at hand yourself? I am sure I never suspected -it, you did it so naturally." - -"And so you actually put this piece of court-plaister by for his sake!" -said Emma, recovering from her state of shame and feeling divided -between wonder and amusement. And secretly she added to herself, "Lord -bless me! when should I ever have thought of putting by in cotton a -piece of court-plaister that Frank Churchill had been pulling about! I -never was equal to this." - -"Here," resumed Harriet, turning to her box again, "here is something -still more valuable, I mean that _has_ _been_ more valuable, because -this is what did really once belong to him, which the court-plaister -never did." - -Emma was quite eager to see this superior treasure. It was the end of an -old pencil,--the part without any lead. - -"This was really his," said Harriet.--"Do not you remember one -morning?--no, I dare say you do not. But one morning--I forget exactly -the day--but perhaps it was the Tuesday or Wednesday before _that_ -_evening_, he wanted to make a memorandum in his pocket-book; it was -about spruce-beer. Mr. Knightley had been telling him something about -brewing spruce-beer, and he wanted to put it down; but when he took out -his pencil, there was so little lead that he soon cut it all away, and -it would not do, so you lent him another, and this was left upon the -table as good for nothing. But I kept my eye on it; and, as soon as I -dared, caught it up, and never parted with it again from that moment." - -"I do remember it," cried Emma; "I perfectly remember it.--Talking -about spruce-beer.--Oh! yes--Mr. Knightley and I both saying we -liked it, and Mr. Elton's seeming resolved to learn to like it too. I -perfectly remember it.--Stop; Mr. Knightley was standing just here, was -not he? I have an idea he was standing just here." - -"Ah! I do not know. I cannot recollect.--It is very odd, but I cannot -recollect.--Mr. Elton was sitting here, I remember, much about where I -am now."-- - -"Well, go on." - -"Oh! that's all. I have nothing more to shew you, or to say--except that -I am now going to throw them both behind the fire, and I wish you to see -me do it." - -"My poor dear Harriet! and have you actually found happiness in -treasuring up these things?" - -"Yes, simpleton as I was!--but I am quite ashamed of it now, and wish I -could forget as easily as I can burn them. It was very wrong of me, you -know, to keep any remembrances, after he was married. I knew it was--but -had not resolution enough to part with them." - -"But, Harriet, is it necessary to burn the court-plaister?--I have not -a word to say for the bit of old pencil, but the court-plaister might be -useful." - -"I shall be happier to burn it," replied Harriet. "It has a disagreeable -look to me. I must get rid of every thing.--There it goes, and there is -an end, thank Heaven! of Mr. Elton." - -"And when," thought Emma, "will there be a beginning of Mr. Churchill?" - -She had soon afterwards reason to believe that the beginning was already -made, and could not but hope that the gipsy, though she had _told_ no -fortune, might be proved to have made Harriet's.--About a fortnight -after the alarm, they came to a sufficient explanation, and quite -undesignedly. Emma was not thinking of it at the moment, which made the -information she received more valuable. She merely said, in the course -of some trivial chat, "Well, Harriet, whenever you marry I would advise -you to do so and so"--and thought no more of it, till after a minute's -silence she heard Harriet say in a very serious tone, "I shall never -marry." - -Emma then looked up, and immediately saw how it was; and after a -moment's debate, as to whether it should pass unnoticed or not, replied, - -"Never marry!--This is a new resolution." - -"It is one that I shall never change, however." - -After another short hesitation, "I hope it does not proceed from--I hope -it is not in compliment to Mr. Elton?" - -"Mr. Elton indeed!" cried Harriet indignantly.--"Oh! no"--and Emma could -just catch the words, "so superior to Mr. Elton!" - -She then took a longer time for consideration. Should she proceed no -farther?--should she let it pass, and seem to suspect nothing?--Perhaps -Harriet might think her cold or angry if she did; or perhaps if she were -totally silent, it might only drive Harriet into asking her to hear too -much; and against any thing like such an unreserve as had been, such -an open and frequent discussion of hopes and chances, she was perfectly -resolved.--She believed it would be wiser for her to say and know at -once, all that she meant to say and know. Plain dealing was always -best. She had previously determined how far she would proceed, on any -application of the sort; and it would be safer for both, to have the -judicious law of her own brain laid down with speed.--She was decided, -and thus spoke-- - -"Harriet, I will not affect to be in doubt of your meaning. Your -resolution, or rather your expectation of never marrying, results from -an idea that the person whom you might prefer, would be too greatly your -superior in situation to think of you. Is not it so?" - -"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, believe me I have not the presumption to suppose-- -Indeed I am not so mad.--But it is a pleasure to me to admire him at a -distance--and to think of his infinite superiority to all the rest of -the world, with the gratitude, wonder, and veneration, which are so -proper, in me especially." - -"I am not at all surprized at you, Harriet. The service he rendered you -was enough to warm your heart." - -"Service! oh! it was such an inexpressible obligation!--The very -recollection of it, and all that I felt at the time--when I saw him -coming--his noble look--and my wretchedness before. Such a change! In -one moment such a change! From perfect misery to perfect happiness!" - -"It is very natural. It is natural, and it is honourable.--Yes, -honourable, I think, to chuse so well and so gratefully.--But that -it will be a fortunate preference is more that I can promise. I do not -advise you to give way to it, Harriet. I do not by any means engage -for its being returned. Consider what you are about. Perhaps it will be -wisest in you to check your feelings while you can: at any rate do not -let them carry you far, unless you are persuaded of his liking you. Be -observant of him. Let his behaviour be the guide of your sensations. I -give you this caution now, because I shall never speak to you again on -the subject. I am determined against all interference. Henceforward I -know nothing of the matter. Let no name ever pass our lips. We were very -wrong before; we will be cautious now.--He is your superior, no doubt, -and there do seem objections and obstacles of a very serious nature; but -yet, Harriet, more wonderful things have taken place, there have been -matches of greater disparity. But take care of yourself. I would not -have you too sanguine; though, however it may end, be assured your -raising your thoughts to _him_, is a mark of good taste which I shall -always know how to value." - -Harriet kissed her hand in silent and submissive gratitude. Emma was -very decided in thinking such an attachment no bad thing for her friend. -Its tendency would be to raise and refine her mind--and it must be -saving her from the danger of degradation. - - - -CHAPTER V - - -In this state of schemes, and hopes, and connivance, June opened upon -Hartfield. To Highbury in general it brought no material change. The -Eltons were still talking of a visit from the Sucklings, and of the use -to be made of their barouche-landau; and Jane Fairfax was still at her -grandmother's; and as the return of the Campbells from Ireland was again -delayed, and August, instead of Midsummer, fixed for it, she was likely -to remain there full two months longer, provided at least she were able -to defeat Mrs. Elton's activity in her service, and save herself from -being hurried into a delightful situation against her will. - -Mr. Knightley, who, for some reason best known to himself, had certainly -taken an early dislike to Frank Churchill, was only growing to dislike -him more. He began to suspect him of some double dealing in his pursuit -of Emma. That Emma was his object appeared indisputable. Every thing -declared it; his own attentions, his father's hints, his mother-in-law's -guarded silence; it was all in unison; words, conduct, discretion, and -indiscretion, told the same story. But while so many were devoting him -to Emma, and Emma herself making him over to Harriet, Mr. Knightley -began to suspect him of some inclination to trifle with Jane Fairfax. He -could not understand it; but there were symptoms of intelligence between -them--he thought so at least--symptoms of admiration on his side, which, -having once observed, he could not persuade himself to think entirely -void of meaning, however he might wish to escape any of Emma's errors -of imagination. _She_ was not present when the suspicion first arose. -He was dining with the Randalls family, and Jane, at the Eltons'; and he -had seen a look, more than a single look, at Miss Fairfax, which, from -the admirer of Miss Woodhouse, seemed somewhat out of place. When he was -again in their company, he could not help remembering what he had seen; -nor could he avoid observations which, unless it were like Cowper and -his fire at twilight, - -"Myself creating what I saw," - -brought him yet stronger suspicion of there being a something of private -liking, of private understanding even, between Frank Churchill and Jane. - -He had walked up one day after dinner, as he very often did, to spend -his evening at Hartfield. Emma and Harriet were going to walk; he joined -them; and, on returning, they fell in with a larger party, who, like -themselves, judged it wisest to take their exercise early, as the -weather threatened rain; Mr. and Mrs. Weston and their son, Miss Bates -and her niece, who had accidentally met. They all united; and, on -reaching Hartfield gates, Emma, who knew it was exactly the sort of -visiting that would be welcome to her father, pressed them all to go in -and drink tea with him. The Randalls party agreed to it immediately; and -after a pretty long speech from Miss Bates, which few persons listened -to, she also found it possible to accept dear Miss Woodhouse's most -obliging invitation. - -As they were turning into the grounds, Mr. Perry passed by on horseback. -The gentlemen spoke of his horse. - -"By the bye," said Frank Churchill to Mrs. Weston presently, "what -became of Mr. Perry's plan of setting up his carriage?" - -Mrs. Weston looked surprized, and said, "I did not know that he ever had -any such plan." - -"Nay, I had it from you. You wrote me word of it three months ago." - -"Me! impossible!" - -"Indeed you did. I remember it perfectly. You mentioned it as what -was certainly to be very soon. Mrs. Perry had told somebody, and was -extremely happy about it. It was owing to _her_ persuasion, as she -thought his being out in bad weather did him a great deal of harm. You -must remember it now?" - -"Upon my word I never heard of it till this moment." - -"Never! really, never!--Bless me! how could it be?--Then I must have -dreamt it--but I was completely persuaded--Miss Smith, you walk as if -you were tired. You will not be sorry to find yourself at home." - -"What is this?--What is this?" cried Mr. Weston, "about Perry and a -carriage? Is Perry going to set up his carriage, Frank? I am glad he can -afford it. You had it from himself, had you?" - -"No, sir," replied his son, laughing, "I seem to have had it from -nobody.--Very odd!--I really was persuaded of Mrs. Weston's having -mentioned it in one of her letters to Enscombe, many weeks ago, with all -these particulars--but as she declares she never heard a syllable of -it before, of course it must have been a dream. I am a great dreamer. -I dream of every body at Highbury when I am away--and when I have gone -through my particular friends, then I begin dreaming of Mr. and Mrs. -Perry." - -"It is odd though," observed his father, "that you should have had such -a regular connected dream about people whom it was not very likely you -should be thinking of at Enscombe. Perry's setting up his carriage! and -his wife's persuading him to it, out of care for his health--just -what will happen, I have no doubt, some time or other; only a little -premature. What an air of probability sometimes runs through a dream! -And at others, what a heap of absurdities it is! Well, Frank, your dream -certainly shews that Highbury is in your thoughts when you are absent. -Emma, you are a great dreamer, I think?" - -Emma was out of hearing. She had hurried on before her guests to -prepare her father for their appearance, and was beyond the reach of Mr. -Weston's hint. - -"Why, to own the truth," cried Miss Bates, who had been trying in vain -to be heard the last two minutes, "if I must speak on this subject, -there is no denying that Mr. Frank Churchill might have--I do not mean -to say that he did not dream it--I am sure I have sometimes the oddest -dreams in the world--but if I am questioned about it, I must acknowledge -that there was such an idea last spring; for Mrs. Perry herself -mentioned it to my mother, and the Coles knew of it as well as -ourselves--but it was quite a secret, known to nobody else, and only -thought of about three days. Mrs. Perry was very anxious that he should -have a carriage, and came to my mother in great spirits one morning -because she thought she had prevailed. Jane, don't you remember -grandmama's telling us of it when we got home? I forget where we -had been walking to--very likely to Randalls; yes, I think it was to -Randalls. Mrs. Perry was always particularly fond of my mother--indeed -I do not know who is not--and she had mentioned it to her in confidence; -she had no objection to her telling us, of course, but it was not to go -beyond: and, from that day to this, I never mentioned it to a soul that -I know of. At the same time, I will not positively answer for my having -never dropt a hint, because I know I do sometimes pop out a thing before -I am aware. I am a talker, you know; I am rather a talker; and now and -then I have let a thing escape me which I should not. I am not like -Jane; I wish I were. I will answer for it _she_ never betrayed the least -thing in the world. Where is she?--Oh! just behind. Perfectly remember -Mrs. Perry's coming.--Extraordinary dream, indeed!" - -They were entering the hall. Mr. Knightley's eyes had preceded Miss -Bates's in a glance at Jane. From Frank Churchill's face, where -he thought he saw confusion suppressed or laughed away, he had -involuntarily turned to hers; but she was indeed behind, and too busy -with her shawl. Mr. Weston had walked in. The two other gentlemen waited -at the door to let her pass. Mr. Knightley suspected in Frank -Churchill the determination of catching her eye--he seemed watching her -intently--in vain, however, if it were so--Jane passed between them -into the hall, and looked at neither. - -There was no time for farther remark or explanation. The dream must be -borne with, and Mr. Knightley must take his seat with the rest round the -large modern circular table which Emma had introduced at Hartfield, and -which none but Emma could have had power to place there and persuade her -father to use, instead of the small-sized Pembroke, on which two of his -daily meals had, for forty years been crowded. Tea passed pleasantly, -and nobody seemed in a hurry to move. - -"Miss Woodhouse," said Frank Churchill, after examining a table behind -him, which he could reach as he sat, "have your nephews taken away their -alphabets--their box of letters? It used to stand here. Where is it? -This is a sort of dull-looking evening, that ought to be treated rather -as winter than summer. We had great amusement with those letters one -morning. I want to puzzle you again." - -Emma was pleased with the thought; and producing the box, the table -was quickly scattered over with alphabets, which no one seemed so much -disposed to employ as their two selves. They were rapidly forming words -for each other, or for any body else who would be puzzled. The quietness -of the game made it particularly eligible for Mr. Woodhouse, who had -often been distressed by the more animated sort, which Mr. Weston had -occasionally introduced, and who now sat happily occupied in lamenting, -with tender melancholy, over the departure of the "poor little boys," -or in fondly pointing out, as he took up any stray letter near him, how -beautifully Emma had written it. - -Frank Churchill placed a word before Miss Fairfax. She gave a slight -glance round the table, and applied herself to it. Frank was next to -Emma, Jane opposite to them--and Mr. Knightley so placed as to see them -all; and it was his object to see as much as he could, with as little -apparent observation. The word was discovered, and with a faint smile -pushed away. If meant to be immediately mixed with the others, and -buried from sight, she should have looked on the table instead of -looking just across, for it was not mixed; and Harriet, eager after -every fresh word, and finding out none, directly took it up, and fell to -work. She was sitting by Mr. Knightley, and turned to him for help. The -word was _blunder_; and as Harriet exultingly proclaimed it, there was a -blush on Jane's cheek which gave it a meaning not otherwise ostensible. -Mr. Knightley connected it with the dream; but how it could all be, -was beyond his comprehension. How the delicacy, the discretion of his -favourite could have been so lain asleep! He feared there must be some -decided involvement. Disingenuousness and double dealing seemed to meet -him at every turn. These letters were but the vehicle for gallantry and -trick. It was a child's play, chosen to conceal a deeper game on Frank -Churchill's part. - -With great indignation did he continue to observe him; with great alarm -and distrust, to observe also his two blinded companions. He saw a short -word prepared for Emma, and given to her with a look sly and demure. He -saw that Emma had soon made it out, and found it highly entertaining, -though it was something which she judged it proper to appear to censure; -for she said, "Nonsense! for shame!" He heard Frank Churchill next say, -with a glance towards Jane, "I will give it to her--shall I?"--and as -clearly heard Emma opposing it with eager laughing warmth. "No, no, you -must not; you shall not, indeed." - -It was done however. This gallant young man, who seemed to love without -feeling, and to recommend himself without complaisance, directly handed -over the word to Miss Fairfax, and with a particular degree of sedate -civility entreated her to study it. Mr. Knightley's excessive curiosity -to know what this word might be, made him seize every possible moment -for darting his eye towards it, and it was not long before he saw it -to be _Dixon_. Jane Fairfax's perception seemed to accompany his; -her comprehension was certainly more equal to the covert meaning, -the superior intelligence, of those five letters so arranged. She was -evidently displeased; looked up, and seeing herself watched, blushed -more deeply than he had ever perceived her, and saying only, "I did not -know that proper names were allowed," pushed away the letters with even -an angry spirit, and looked resolved to be engaged by no other word -that could be offered. Her face was averted from those who had made the -attack, and turned towards her aunt. - -"Aye, very true, my dear," cried the latter, though Jane had not spoken -a word--"I was just going to say the same thing. It is time for us to be -going indeed. The evening is closing in, and grandmama will be looking -for us. My dear sir, you are too obliging. We really must wish you good -night." - -Jane's alertness in moving, proved her as ready as her aunt had -preconceived. She was immediately up, and wanting to quit the table; but -so many were also moving, that she could not get away; and Mr. Knightley -thought he saw another collection of letters anxiously pushed towards -her, and resolutely swept away by her unexamined. She was afterwards -looking for her shawl--Frank Churchill was looking also--it was growing -dusk, and the room was in confusion; and how they parted, Mr. Knightley -could not tell. - -He remained at Hartfield after all the rest, his thoughts full of -what he had seen; so full, that when the candles came to assist his -observations, he must--yes, he certainly must, as a friend--an anxious -friend--give Emma some hint, ask her some question. He could not see her -in a situation of such danger, without trying to preserve her. It was -his duty. - -"Pray, Emma," said he, "may I ask in what lay the great amusement, the -poignant sting of the last word given to you and Miss Fairfax? I saw the -word, and am curious to know how it could be so very entertaining to the -one, and so very distressing to the other." - -Emma was extremely confused. She could not endure to give him the true -explanation; for though her suspicions were by no means removed, she was -really ashamed of having ever imparted them. - -"Oh!" she cried in evident embarrassment, "it all meant nothing; a mere -joke among ourselves." - -"The joke," he replied gravely, "seemed confined to you and Mr. -Churchill." - -He had hoped she would speak again, but she did not. She would rather -busy herself about any thing than speak. He sat a little while in -doubt. A variety of evils crossed his mind. Interference--fruitless -interference. Emma's confusion, and the acknowledged intimacy, seemed to -declare her affection engaged. Yet he would speak. He owed it to her, -to risk any thing that might be involved in an unwelcome interference, -rather than her welfare; to encounter any thing, rather than the -remembrance of neglect in such a cause. - -"My dear Emma," said he at last, with earnest kindness, "do you -think you perfectly understand the degree of acquaintance between the -gentleman and lady we have been speaking of?" - -"Between Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Fairfax? Oh! yes, perfectly.--Why -do you make a doubt of it?" - -"Have you never at any time had reason to think that he admired her, or -that she admired him?" - -"Never, never!" she cried with a most open eagerness--"Never, for the -twentieth part of a moment, did such an idea occur to me. And how could -it possibly come into your head?" - -"I have lately imagined that I saw symptoms of attachment between -them--certain expressive looks, which I did not believe meant to be -public." - -"Oh! you amuse me excessively. I am delighted to find that you can -vouchsafe to let your imagination wander--but it will not do--very sorry -to check you in your first essay--but indeed it will not do. There is no -admiration between them, I do assure you; and the appearances which -have caught you, have arisen from some peculiar circumstances--feelings -rather of a totally different nature--it is impossible exactly to -explain:--there is a good deal of nonsense in it--but the part which is -capable of being communicated, which is sense, is, that they are as far -from any attachment or admiration for one another, as any two beings in -the world can be. That is, I _presume_ it to be so on her side, and I -can _answer_ for its being so on his. I will answer for the gentleman's -indifference." - -She spoke with a confidence which staggered, with a satisfaction -which silenced, Mr. Knightley. She was in gay spirits, and would have -prolonged the conversation, wanting to hear the particulars of his -suspicions, every look described, and all the wheres and hows of a -circumstance which highly entertained her: but his gaiety did not meet -hers. He found he could not be useful, and his feelings were too much -irritated for talking. That he might not be irritated into an absolute -fever, by the fire which Mr. Woodhouse's tender habits required almost -every evening throughout the year, he soon afterwards took a hasty -leave, and walked home to the coolness and solitude of Donwell Abbey. - - - -CHAPTER VI - - -After being long fed with hopes of a speedy visit from Mr. and Mrs. -Suckling, the Highbury world were obliged to endure the mortification -of hearing that they could not possibly come till the autumn. No such -importation of novelties could enrich their intellectual stores at -present. In the daily interchange of news, they must be again restricted -to the other topics with which for a while the Sucklings' coming had -been united, such as the last accounts of Mrs. Churchill, whose health -seemed every day to supply a different report, and the situation of Mrs. -Weston, whose happiness it was to be hoped might eventually be as much -increased by the arrival of a child, as that of all her neighbours was -by the approach of it. - -Mrs. Elton was very much disappointed. It was the delay of a great deal -of pleasure and parade. Her introductions and recommendations must all -wait, and every projected party be still only talked of. So she thought -at first;--but a little consideration convinced her that every thing -need not be put off. Why should not they explore to Box Hill though -the Sucklings did not come? They could go there again with them in the -autumn. It was settled that they should go to Box Hill. That there was -to be such a party had been long generally known: it had even given the -idea of another. Emma had never been to Box Hill; she wished to see what -every body found so well worth seeing, and she and Mr. Weston had agreed -to chuse some fine morning and drive thither. Two or three more of the -chosen only were to be admitted to join them, and it was to be done in a -quiet, unpretending, elegant way, infinitely superior to the bustle and -preparation, the regular eating and drinking, and picnic parade of the -Eltons and the Sucklings. - -This was so very well understood between them, that Emma could not but -feel some surprise, and a little displeasure, on hearing from Mr. Weston -that he had been proposing to Mrs. Elton, as her brother and sister had -failed her, that the two parties should unite, and go together; and that -as Mrs. Elton had very readily acceded to it, so it was to be, if she -had no objection. Now, as her objection was nothing but her very great -dislike of Mrs. Elton, of which Mr. Weston must already be perfectly -aware, it was not worth bringing forward again:--it could not be done -without a reproof to him, which would be giving pain to his wife; and -she found herself therefore obliged to consent to an arrangement which -she would have done a great deal to avoid; an arrangement which would -probably expose her even to the degradation of being said to be of Mrs. -Elton's party! Every feeling was offended; and the forbearance of her -outward submission left a heavy arrear due of secret severity in her -reflections on the unmanageable goodwill of Mr. Weston's temper. - -"I am glad you approve of what I have done," said he very comfortably. -"But I thought you would. Such schemes as these are nothing without -numbers. One cannot have too large a party. A large party secures its -own amusement. And she is a good-natured woman after all. One could not -leave her out." - -Emma denied none of it aloud, and agreed to none of it in private. - -It was now the middle of June, and the weather fine; and Mrs. Elton -was growing impatient to name the day, and settle with Mr. Weston as to -pigeon-pies and cold lamb, when a lame carriage-horse threw every thing -into sad uncertainty. It might be weeks, it might be only a few days, -before the horse were useable; but no preparations could be ventured -on, and it was all melancholy stagnation. Mrs. Elton's resources were -inadequate to such an attack. - -"Is not this most vexatious, Knightley?" she cried.--"And such weather -for exploring!--These delays and disappointments are quite odious. What -are we to do?--The year will wear away at this rate, and nothing -done. Before this time last year I assure you we had had a delightful -exploring party from Maple Grove to Kings Weston." - -"You had better explore to Donwell," replied Mr. Knightley. "That may -be done without horses. Come, and eat my strawberries. They are ripening -fast." - -If Mr. Knightley did not begin seriously, he was obliged to proceed so, -for his proposal was caught at with delight; and the "Oh! I should like -it of all things," was not plainer in words than manner. Donwell was -famous for its strawberry-beds, which seemed a plea for the invitation: -but no plea was necessary; cabbage-beds would have been enough to tempt -the lady, who only wanted to be going somewhere. She promised him again -and again to come--much oftener than he doubted--and was extremely -gratified by such a proof of intimacy, such a distinguishing compliment -as she chose to consider it. - -"You may depend upon me," said she. "I certainly will come. Name your -day, and I will come. You will allow me to bring Jane Fairfax?" - -"I cannot name a day," said he, "till I have spoken to some others whom -I would wish to meet you." - -"Oh! leave all that to me. Only give me a carte-blanche.--I am Lady -Patroness, you know. It is my party. I will bring friends with me." - -"I hope you will bring Elton," said he: "but I will not trouble you to -give any other invitations." - -"Oh! now you are looking very sly. But consider--you need not be afraid -of delegating power to _me_. I am no young lady on her preferment. -Married women, you know, may be safely authorised. It is my party. Leave -it all to me. I will invite your guests." - -"No,"--he calmly replied,--"there is but one married woman in the world -whom I can ever allow to invite what guests she pleases to Donwell, and -that one is--" - -"--Mrs. Weston, I suppose," interrupted Mrs. Elton, rather mortified. - -"No--Mrs. Knightley;--and till she is in being, I will manage such -matters myself." - -"Ah! you are an odd creature!" she cried, satisfied to have no one -preferred to herself.--"You are a humourist, and may say what you -like. Quite a humourist. Well, I shall bring Jane with me--Jane and her -aunt.--The rest I leave to you. I have no objections at all to meeting -the Hartfield family. Don't scruple. I know you are attached to them." - -"You certainly will meet them if I can prevail; and I shall call on Miss -Bates in my way home." - -"That's quite unnecessary; I see Jane every day:--but as you like. It -is to be a morning scheme, you know, Knightley; quite a simple thing. I -shall wear a large bonnet, and bring one of my little baskets hanging -on my arm. Here,--probably this basket with pink ribbon. Nothing can be -more simple, you see. And Jane will have such another. There is to be -no form or parade--a sort of gipsy party. We are to walk about -your gardens, and gather the strawberries ourselves, and sit under -trees;--and whatever else you may like to provide, it is to be all out -of doors--a table spread in the shade, you know. Every thing as natural -and simple as possible. Is not that your idea?" - -"Not quite. My idea of the simple and the natural will be to have -the table spread in the dining-room. The nature and the simplicity of -gentlemen and ladies, with their servants and furniture, I think is -best observed by meals within doors. When you are tired of eating -strawberries in the garden, there shall be cold meat in the house." - -"Well--as you please; only don't have a great set out. And, by the bye, -can I or my housekeeper be of any use to you with our opinion?--Pray be -sincere, Knightley. If you wish me to talk to Mrs. Hodges, or to inspect -anything--" - -"I have not the least wish for it, I thank you." - -"Well--but if any difficulties should arise, my housekeeper is extremely -clever." - -"I will answer for it, that mine thinks herself full as clever, and -would spurn any body's assistance." - -"I wish we had a donkey. The thing would be for us all to come on -donkeys, Jane, Miss Bates, and me--and my caro sposo walking by. I -really must talk to him about purchasing a donkey. In a country life -I conceive it to be a sort of necessary; for, let a woman have ever -so many resources, it is not possible for her to be always shut up at -home;--and very long walks, you know--in summer there is dust, and in -winter there is dirt." - -"You will not find either, between Donwell and Highbury. Donwell Lane is -never dusty, and now it is perfectly dry. Come on a donkey, however, if -you prefer it. You can borrow Mrs. Cole's. I would wish every thing to -be as much to your taste as possible." - -"That I am sure you would. Indeed I do you justice, my good friend. -Under that peculiar sort of dry, blunt manner, I know you have the -warmest heart. As I tell Mr. E., you are a thorough humourist.--Yes, -believe me, Knightley, I am fully sensible of your attention to me in -the whole of this scheme. You have hit upon the very thing to please -me." - -Mr. Knightley had another reason for avoiding a table in the shade. He -wished to persuade Mr. Woodhouse, as well as Emma, to join the party; -and he knew that to have any of them sitting down out of doors to -eat would inevitably make him ill. Mr. Woodhouse must not, under the -specious pretence of a morning drive, and an hour or two spent at -Donwell, be tempted away to his misery. - -He was invited on good faith. No lurking horrors were to upbraid him for -his easy credulity. He did consent. He had not been at Donwell for two -years. "Some very fine morning, he, and Emma, and Harriet, could go -very well; and he could sit still with Mrs. Weston, while the dear girls -walked about the gardens. He did not suppose they could be damp now, -in the middle of the day. He should like to see the old house again -exceedingly, and should be very happy to meet Mr. and Mrs. Elton, and -any other of his neighbours.--He could not see any objection at all to -his, and Emma's, and Harriet's going there some very fine morning. He -thought it very well done of Mr. Knightley to invite them--very kind -and sensible--much cleverer than dining out.--He was not fond of dining -out." - -Mr. Knightley was fortunate in every body's most ready concurrence. The -invitation was everywhere so well received, that it seemed as if, like -Mrs. Elton, they were all taking the scheme as a particular compliment -to themselves.--Emma and Harriet professed very high expectations of -pleasure from it; and Mr. Weston, unasked, promised to get Frank over to -join them, if possible; a proof of approbation and gratitude which could -have been dispensed with.--Mr. Knightley was then obliged to say that -he should be glad to see him; and Mr. Weston engaged to lose no time in -writing, and spare no arguments to induce him to come. - -In the meanwhile the lame horse recovered so fast, that the party to -Box Hill was again under happy consideration; and at last Donwell was -settled for one day, and Box Hill for the next,--the weather appearing -exactly right. - -Under a bright mid-day sun, at almost Midsummer, Mr. Woodhouse was -safely conveyed in his carriage, with one window down, to partake of -this al-fresco party; and in one of the most comfortable rooms in the -Abbey, especially prepared for him by a fire all the morning, he was -happily placed, quite at his ease, ready to talk with pleasure of what -had been achieved, and advise every body to come and sit down, and not -to heat themselves.--Mrs. Weston, who seemed to have walked there on -purpose to be tired, and sit all the time with him, remained, when -all the others were invited or persuaded out, his patient listener and -sympathiser. - -It was so long since Emma had been at the Abbey, that as soon as she was -satisfied of her father's comfort, she was glad to leave him, and look -around her; eager to refresh and correct her memory with more particular -observation, more exact understanding of a house and grounds which must -ever be so interesting to her and all her family. - -She felt all the honest pride and complacency which her alliance with -the present and future proprietor could fairly warrant, as she viewed -the respectable size and style of the building, its suitable, becoming, -characteristic situation, low and sheltered--its ample gardens -stretching down to meadows washed by a stream, of which the Abbey, with -all the old neglect of prospect, had scarcely a sight--and its abundance -of timber in rows and avenues, which neither fashion nor extravagance -had rooted up.--The house was larger than Hartfield, and totally unlike -it, covering a good deal of ground, rambling and irregular, with many -comfortable, and one or two handsome rooms.--It was just what it ought -to be, and it looked what it was--and Emma felt an increasing respect -for it, as the residence of a family of such true gentility, untainted -in blood and understanding.--Some faults of temper John Knightley had; -but Isabella had connected herself unexceptionably. She had given them -neither men, nor names, nor places, that could raise a blush. These were -pleasant feelings, and she walked about and indulged them till it -was necessary to do as the others did, and collect round the -strawberry-beds.--The whole party were assembled, excepting Frank -Churchill, who was expected every moment from Richmond; and Mrs. Elton, -in all her apparatus of happiness, her large bonnet and her basket, -was very ready to lead the way in gathering, accepting, or -talking--strawberries, and only strawberries, could now be thought or -spoken of.--"The best fruit in England--every body's favourite--always -wholesome.--These the finest beds and finest sorts.--Delightful to -gather for one's self--the only way of really enjoying them.--Morning -decidedly the best time--never tired--every sort good--hautboy -infinitely superior--no comparison--the others hardly eatable--hautboys -very scarce--Chili preferred--white wood finest flavour of all--price -of strawberries in London--abundance about Bristol--Maple -Grove--cultivation--beds when to be renewed--gardeners thinking exactly -different--no general rule--gardeners never to be put out of their -way--delicious fruit--only too rich to be eaten much of--inferior -to cherries--currants more refreshing--only objection to gathering -strawberries the stooping--glaring sun--tired to death--could bear it no -longer--must go and sit in the shade." - -Such, for half an hour, was the conversation--interrupted only once by -Mrs. Weston, who came out, in her solicitude after her son-in-law, to -inquire if he were come--and she was a little uneasy.--She had some -fears of his horse. - -Seats tolerably in the shade were found; and now Emma was obliged -to overhear what Mrs. Elton and Jane Fairfax were talking of.--A -situation, a most desirable situation, was in question. Mrs. Elton had -received notice of it that morning, and was in raptures. It was not -with Mrs. Suckling, it was not with Mrs. Bragge, but in felicity and -splendour it fell short only of them: it was with a cousin of Mrs. -Bragge, an acquaintance of Mrs. Suckling, a lady known at Maple Grove. -Delightful, charming, superior, first circles, spheres, lines, ranks, -every thing--and Mrs. Elton was wild to have the offer closed with -immediately.--On her side, all was warmth, energy, and triumph--and she -positively refused to take her friend's negative, though Miss Fairfax -continued to assure her that she would not at present engage in any -thing, repeating the same motives which she had been heard to urge -before.--Still Mrs. Elton insisted on being authorised to write an -acquiescence by the morrow's post.--How Jane could bear it at all, was -astonishing to Emma.--She did look vexed, she did speak pointedly--and -at last, with a decision of action unusual to her, proposed a -removal.--"Should not they walk? Would not Mr. Knightley shew them the -gardens--all the gardens?--She wished to see the whole extent."--The -pertinacity of her friend seemed more than she could bear. - -It was hot; and after walking some time over the gardens in a scattered, -dispersed way, scarcely any three together, they insensibly followed one -another to the delicious shade of a broad short avenue of limes, which -stretching beyond the garden at an equal distance from the river, seemed -the finish of the pleasure grounds.--It led to nothing; nothing but a -view at the end over a low stone wall with high pillars, which seemed -intended, in their erection, to give the appearance of an approach to -the house, which never had been there. Disputable, however, as might be -the taste of such a termination, it was in itself a charming walk, and -the view which closed it extremely pretty.--The considerable slope, at -nearly the foot of which the Abbey stood, gradually acquired a steeper -form beyond its grounds; and at half a mile distant was a bank of -considerable abruptness and grandeur, well clothed with wood;--and at -the bottom of this bank, favourably placed and sheltered, rose the -Abbey Mill Farm, with meadows in front, and the river making a close and -handsome curve around it. - -It was a sweet view--sweet to the eye and the mind. English verdure, -English culture, English comfort, seen under a sun bright, without being -oppressive. - -In this walk Emma and Mr. Weston found all the others assembled; and -towards this view she immediately perceived Mr. Knightley and Harriet -distinct from the rest, quietly leading the way. Mr. Knightley and -Harriet!--It was an odd tete-a-tete; but she was glad to see it.--There -had been a time when he would have scorned her as a companion, and -turned from her with little ceremony. Now they seemed in pleasant -conversation. There had been a time also when Emma would have been sorry -to see Harriet in a spot so favourable for the Abbey Mill Farm; but now -she feared it not. It might be safely viewed with all its appendages of -prosperity and beauty, its rich pastures, spreading flocks, orchard in -blossom, and light column of smoke ascending.--She joined them at the -wall, and found them more engaged in talking than in looking around. He -was giving Harriet information as to modes of agriculture, etc. and Emma -received a smile which seemed to say, "These are my own concerns. I have -a right to talk on such subjects, without being suspected of -introducing Robert Martin."--She did not suspect him. It was too old -a story.--Robert Martin had probably ceased to think of Harriet.--They -took a few turns together along the walk.--The shade was most -refreshing, and Emma found it the pleasantest part of the day. - -The next remove was to the house; they must all go in and eat;--and they -were all seated and busy, and still Frank Churchill did not come. Mrs. -Weston looked, and looked in vain. His father would not own himself -uneasy, and laughed at her fears; but she could not be cured of wishing -that he would part with his black mare. He had expressed himself as to -coming, with more than common certainty. "His aunt was so much better, -that he had not a doubt of getting over to them."--Mrs. Churchill's -state, however, as many were ready to remind her, was liable to such -sudden variation as might disappoint her nephew in the most reasonable -dependence--and Mrs. Weston was at last persuaded to believe, or to say, -that it must be by some attack of Mrs. Churchill that he was -prevented coming.--Emma looked at Harriet while the point was under -consideration; she behaved very well, and betrayed no emotion. - -The cold repast was over, and the party were to go out once more to see -what had not yet been seen, the old Abbey fish-ponds; perhaps get as far -as the clover, which was to be begun cutting on the morrow, or, at -any rate, have the pleasure of being hot, and growing cool again.--Mr. -Woodhouse, who had already taken his little round in the highest part -of the gardens, where no damps from the river were imagined even by him, -stirred no more; and his daughter resolved to remain with him, that -Mrs. Weston might be persuaded away by her husband to the exercise and -variety which her spirits seemed to need. - -Mr. Knightley had done all in his power for Mr. Woodhouse's -entertainment. Books of engravings, drawers of medals, cameos, corals, -shells, and every other family collection within his cabinets, had been -prepared for his old friend, to while away the morning; and the kindness -had perfectly answered. Mr. Woodhouse had been exceedingly well amused. -Mrs. Weston had been shewing them all to him, and now he would shew them -all to Emma;--fortunate in having no other resemblance to a child, than -in a total want of taste for what he saw, for he was slow, constant, and -methodical.--Before this second looking over was begun, however, Emma -walked into the hall for the sake of a few moments' free observation of -the entrance and ground-plot of the house--and was hardly there, when -Jane Fairfax appeared, coming quickly in from the garden, and with a -look of escape.--Little expecting to meet Miss Woodhouse so soon, there -was a start at first; but Miss Woodhouse was the very person she was in -quest of. - -"Will you be so kind," said she, "when I am missed, as to say that I am -gone home?--I am going this moment.--My aunt is not aware how late it -is, nor how long we have been absent--but I am sure we shall be wanted, -and I am determined to go directly.--I have said nothing about it to any -body. It would only be giving trouble and distress. Some are gone to the -ponds, and some to the lime walk. Till they all come in I shall not be -missed; and when they do, will you have the goodness to say that I am -gone?" - -"Certainly, if you wish it;--but you are not going to walk to Highbury -alone?" - -"Yes--what should hurt me?--I walk fast. I shall be at home in twenty -minutes." - -"But it is too far, indeed it is, to be walking quite alone. Let my -father's servant go with you.--Let me order the carriage. It can be -round in five minutes." - -"Thank you, thank you--but on no account.--I would rather walk.--And -for _me_ to be afraid of walking alone!--I, who may so soon have to -guard others!" - -She spoke with great agitation; and Emma very feelingly replied, "That -can be no reason for your being exposed to danger now. I must order the -carriage. The heat even would be danger.--You are fatigued already." - -"I am,"--she answered--"I am fatigued; but it is not the sort of -fatigue--quick walking will refresh me.--Miss Woodhouse, we all know -at times what it is to be wearied in spirits. Mine, I confess, are -exhausted. The greatest kindness you can shew me, will be to let me have -my own way, and only say that I am gone when it is necessary." - -Emma had not another word to oppose. She saw it all; and entering into -her feelings, promoted her quitting the house immediately, and -watched her safely off with the zeal of a friend. Her parting look was -grateful--and her parting words, "Oh! Miss Woodhouse, the comfort of -being sometimes alone!"--seemed to burst from an overcharged heart, and -to describe somewhat of the continual endurance to be practised by her, -even towards some of those who loved her best. - -"Such a home, indeed! such an aunt!" said Emma, as she turned back into -the hall again. "I do pity you. And the more sensibility you betray of -their just horrors, the more I shall like you." - -Jane had not been gone a quarter of an hour, and they had only -accomplished some views of St. Mark's Place, Venice, when Frank -Churchill entered the room. Emma had not been thinking of him, she had -forgotten to think of him--but she was very glad to see him. Mrs. Weston -would be at ease. The black mare was blameless; _they_ were right -who had named Mrs. Churchill as the cause. He had been detained by -a temporary increase of illness in her; a nervous seizure, which had -lasted some hours--and he had quite given up every thought of coming, -till very late;--and had he known how hot a ride he should have, and -how late, with all his hurry, he must be, he believed he should not have -come at all. The heat was excessive; he had never suffered any thing -like it--almost wished he had staid at home--nothing killed him -like heat--he could bear any degree of cold, etc., but heat was -intolerable--and he sat down, at the greatest possible distance from the -slight remains of Mr. Woodhouse's fire, looking very deplorable. - -"You will soon be cooler, if you sit still," said Emma. - -"As soon as I am cooler I shall go back again. I could very ill be -spared--but such a point had been made of my coming! You will all be -going soon I suppose; the whole party breaking up. I met _one_ as I -came--Madness in such weather!--absolute madness!" - -Emma listened, and looked, and soon perceived that Frank Churchill's -state might be best defined by the expressive phrase of being out of -humour. Some people were always cross when they were hot. Such might be -his constitution; and as she knew that eating and drinking were often -the cure of such incidental complaints, she recommended his taking -some refreshment; he would find abundance of every thing in the -dining-room--and she humanely pointed out the door. - -"No--he should not eat. He was not hungry; it would only make him -hotter." In two minutes, however, he relented in his own favour; and -muttering something about spruce-beer, walked off. Emma returned all her -attention to her father, saying in secret-- - -"I am glad I have done being in love with him. I should not like a man -who is so soon discomposed by a hot morning. Harriet's sweet easy temper -will not mind it." - -He was gone long enough to have had a very comfortable meal, and came -back all the better--grown quite cool--and, with good manners, like -himself--able to draw a chair close to them, take an interest in their -employment; and regret, in a reasonable way, that he should be so late. -He was not in his best spirits, but seemed trying to improve them; and, -at last, made himself talk nonsense very agreeably. They were looking -over views in Swisserland. - -"As soon as my aunt gets well, I shall go abroad," said he. "I shall -never be easy till I have seen some of these places. You will have my -sketches, some time or other, to look at--or my tour to read--or my -poem. I shall do something to expose myself." - -"That may be--but not by sketches in Swisserland. You will never go to -Swisserland. Your uncle and aunt will never allow you to leave England." - -"They may be induced to go too. A warm climate may be prescribed for -her. I have more than half an expectation of our all going abroad. I -assure you I have. I feel a strong persuasion, this morning, that I -shall soon be abroad. I ought to travel. I am tired of doing nothing. I -want a change. I am serious, Miss Woodhouse, whatever your penetrating -eyes may fancy--I am sick of England--and would leave it to-morrow, if -I could." - -"You are sick of prosperity and indulgence. Cannot you invent a few -hardships for yourself, and be contented to stay?" - -"_I_ sick of prosperity and indulgence! You are quite mistaken. I do -not look upon myself as either prosperous or indulged. I am thwarted -in every thing material. I do not consider myself at all a fortunate -person." - -"You are not quite so miserable, though, as when you first came. Go and -eat and drink a little more, and you will do very well. Another slice of -cold meat, another draught of Madeira and water, will make you nearly on -a par with the rest of us." - -"No--I shall not stir. I shall sit by you. You are my best cure." - -"We are going to Box Hill to-morrow;--you will join us. It is not -Swisserland, but it will be something for a young man so much in want of -a change. You will stay, and go with us?" - -"No, certainly not; I shall go home in the cool of the evening." - -"But you may come again in the cool of to-morrow morning." - -"No--It will not be worth while. If I come, I shall be cross." - -"Then pray stay at Richmond." - -"But if I do, I shall be crosser still. I can never bear to think of you -all there without me." - -"These are difficulties which you must settle for yourself. Chuse your -own degree of crossness. I shall press you no more." - -The rest of the party were now returning, and all were soon collected. -With some there was great joy at the sight of Frank Churchill; others -took it very composedly; but there was a very general distress and -disturbance on Miss Fairfax's disappearance being explained. That it was -time for every body to go, concluded the subject; and with a short final -arrangement for the next day's scheme, they parted. Frank Churchill's -little inclination to exclude himself increased so much, that his last -words to Emma were, - -"Well;--if _you_ wish me to stay and join the party, I will." - -She smiled her acceptance; and nothing less than a summons from Richmond -was to take him back before the following evening. - - - -CHAPTER VII - - -They had a very fine day for Box Hill; and all the other outward -circumstances of arrangement, accommodation, and punctuality, were in -favour of a pleasant party. Mr. Weston directed the whole, officiating -safely between Hartfield and the Vicarage, and every body was in good -time. Emma and Harriet went together; Miss Bates and her niece, with -the Eltons; the gentlemen on horseback. Mrs. Weston remained with Mr. -Woodhouse. Nothing was wanting but to be happy when they got there. -Seven miles were travelled in expectation of enjoyment, and every body -had a burst of admiration on first arriving; but in the general amount -of the day there was deficiency. There was a languor, a want of spirits, -a want of union, which could not be got over. They separated too much -into parties. The Eltons walked together; Mr. Knightley took charge of -Miss Bates and Jane; and Emma and Harriet belonged to Frank Churchill. -And Mr. Weston tried, in vain, to make them harmonise better. It seemed -at first an accidental division, but it never materially varied. Mr. and -Mrs. Elton, indeed, shewed no unwillingness to mix, and be as agreeable -as they could; but during the two whole hours that were spent on the -hill, there seemed a principle of separation, between the other parties, -too strong for any fine prospects, or any cold collation, or any -cheerful Mr. Weston, to remove. - -At first it was downright dulness to Emma. She had never seen Frank -Churchill so silent and stupid. He said nothing worth hearing--looked -without seeing--admired without intelligence--listened without knowing -what she said. While he was so dull, it was no wonder that Harriet -should be dull likewise; and they were both insufferable. - -When they all sat down it was better; to her taste a great deal better, -for Frank Churchill grew talkative and gay, making her his first object. -Every distinguishing attention that could be paid, was paid to her. -To amuse her, and be agreeable in her eyes, seemed all that he cared -for--and Emma, glad to be enlivened, not sorry to be flattered, was gay -and easy too, and gave him all the friendly encouragement, the admission -to be gallant, which she had ever given in the first and most animating -period of their acquaintance; but which now, in her own estimation, -meant nothing, though in the judgment of most people looking on it must -have had such an appearance as no English word but flirtation could very -well describe. "Mr. Frank Churchill and Miss Woodhouse flirted together -excessively." They were laying themselves open to that very phrase--and -to having it sent off in a letter to Maple Grove by one lady, to -Ireland by another. Not that Emma was gay and thoughtless from any -real felicity; it was rather because she felt less happy than she had -expected. She laughed because she was disappointed; and though she liked -him for his attentions, and thought them all, whether in friendship, -admiration, or playfulness, extremely judicious, they were not winning -back her heart. She still intended him for her friend. - -"How much I am obliged to you," said he, "for telling me to come -to-day!--If it had not been for you, I should certainly have lost all -the happiness of this party. I had quite determined to go away again." - -"Yes, you were very cross; and I do not know what about, except that you -were too late for the best strawberries. I was a kinder friend than you -deserved. But you were humble. You begged hard to be commanded to come." - -"Don't say I was cross. I was fatigued. The heat overcame me." - -"It is hotter to-day." - -"Not to my feelings. I am perfectly comfortable to-day." - -"You are comfortable because you are under command." - -"Your command?--Yes." - -"Perhaps I intended you to say so, but I meant self-command. You had, -somehow or other, broken bounds yesterday, and run away from your own -management; but to-day you are got back again--and as I cannot be always -with you, it is best to believe your temper under your own command -rather than mine." - -"It comes to the same thing. I can have no self-command without a -motive. You order me, whether you speak or not. And you can be always -with me. You are always with me." - -"Dating from three o'clock yesterday. My perpetual influence could not -begin earlier, or you would not have been so much out of humour before." - -"Three o'clock yesterday! That is your date. I thought I had seen you -first in February." - -"Your gallantry is really unanswerable. But (lowering her voice)--nobody -speaks except ourselves, and it is rather too much to be talking -nonsense for the entertainment of seven silent people." - -"I say nothing of which I am ashamed," replied he, with lively -impudence. "I saw you first in February. Let every body on the Hill -hear me if they can. Let my accents swell to Mickleham on one side, -and Dorking on the other. I saw you first in February." And then -whispering--"Our companions are excessively stupid. What shall we do -to rouse them? Any nonsense will serve. They _shall_ talk. Ladies -and gentlemen, I am ordered by Miss Woodhouse (who, wherever she is, -presides) to say, that she desires to know what you are all thinking -of?" - -Some laughed, and answered good-humouredly. Miss Bates said a great -deal; Mrs. Elton swelled at the idea of Miss Woodhouse's presiding; Mr. -Knightley's answer was the most distinct. - -"Is Miss Woodhouse sure that she would like to hear what we are all -thinking of?" - -"Oh! no, no"--cried Emma, laughing as carelessly as she could--"Upon no -account in the world. It is the very last thing I would stand the brunt -of just now. Let me hear any thing rather than what you are all thinking -of. I will not say quite all. There are one or two, perhaps, (glancing -at Mr. Weston and Harriet,) whose thoughts I might not be afraid of -knowing." - -"It is a sort of thing," cried Mrs. Elton emphatically, "which _I_ -should not have thought myself privileged to inquire into. Though, -perhaps, as the _Chaperon_ of the party--_I_ never was in any -circle--exploring parties--young ladies--married women--" - -Her mutterings were chiefly to her husband; and he murmured, in reply, - -"Very true, my love, very true. Exactly so, indeed--quite unheard -of--but some ladies say any thing. Better pass it off as a joke. Every -body knows what is due to _you_." - -"It will not do," whispered Frank to Emma; "they are most of them -affronted. I will attack them with more address. Ladies and gentlemen--I -am ordered by Miss Woodhouse to say, that she waives her right of -knowing exactly what you may all be thinking of, and only requires -something very entertaining from each of you, in a general way. Here -are seven of you, besides myself, (who, she is pleased to say, am very -entertaining already,) and she only demands from each of you either one -thing very clever, be it prose or verse, original or repeated--or two -things moderately clever--or three things very dull indeed, and she -engages to laugh heartily at them all." - -"Oh! very well," exclaimed Miss Bates, "then I need not be uneasy. -'Three things very dull indeed.' That will just do for me, you know. I -shall be sure to say three dull things as soon as ever I open my mouth, -shan't I? (looking round with the most good-humoured dependence on every -body's assent)--Do not you all think I shall?" - -Emma could not resist. - -"Ah! ma'am, but there may be a difficulty. Pardon me--but you will be -limited as to number--only three at once." - -Miss Bates, deceived by the mock ceremony of her manner, did not -immediately catch her meaning; but, when it burst on her, it could not -anger, though a slight blush shewed that it could pain her. - -"Ah!--well--to be sure. Yes, I see what she means, (turning to Mr. -Knightley,) and I will try to hold my tongue. I must make myself very -disagreeable, or she would not have said such a thing to an old friend." - -"I like your plan," cried Mr. Weston. "Agreed, agreed. I will do my -best. I am making a conundrum. How will a conundrum reckon?" - -"Low, I am afraid, sir, very low," answered his son;--"but we shall be -indulgent--especially to any one who leads the way." - -"No, no," said Emma, "it will not reckon low. A conundrum of Mr. -Weston's shall clear him and his next neighbour. Come, sir, pray let me -hear it." - -"I doubt its being very clever myself," said Mr. Weston. "It is too much -a matter of fact, but here it is.--What two letters of the alphabet are -there, that express perfection?" - -"What two letters!--express perfection! I am sure I do not know." - -"Ah! you will never guess. You, (to Emma), I am certain, will never -guess.--I will tell you.--M. and A.--Em-ma.--Do you understand?" - -Understanding and gratification came together. It might be a very -indifferent piece of wit, but Emma found a great deal to laugh at and -enjoy in it--and so did Frank and Harriet.--It did not seem to touch -the rest of the party equally; some looked very stupid about it, and Mr. -Knightley gravely said, - -"This explains the sort of clever thing that is wanted, and Mr. Weston -has done very well for himself; but he must have knocked up every body -else. _Perfection_ should not have come quite so soon." - -"Oh! for myself, I protest I must be excused," said Mrs. Elton; "_I_ -really cannot attempt--I am not at all fond of the sort of thing. I had -an acrostic once sent to me upon my own name, which I was not at all -pleased with. I knew who it came from. An abominable puppy!--You know -who I mean (nodding to her husband). These kind of things are very -well at Christmas, when one is sitting round the fire; but quite out of -place, in my opinion, when one is exploring about the country in summer. -Miss Woodhouse must excuse me. I am not one of those who have witty -things at every body's service. I do not pretend to be a wit. I have a -great deal of vivacity in my own way, but I really must be allowed to -judge when to speak and when to hold my tongue. Pass us, if you please, -Mr. Churchill. Pass Mr. E., Knightley, Jane, and myself. We have nothing -clever to say--not one of us. - -"Yes, yes, pray pass _me_," added her husband, with a sort of sneering -consciousness; "_I_ have nothing to say that can entertain Miss -Woodhouse, or any other young lady. An old married man--quite good for -nothing. Shall we walk, Augusta?" - -"With all my heart. I am really tired of exploring so long on one spot. -Come, Jane, take my other arm." - -Jane declined it, however, and the husband and wife walked off. -"Happy couple!" said Frank Churchill, as soon as they were out of -hearing:--"How well they suit one another!--Very lucky--marrying as they -did, upon an acquaintance formed only in a public place!--They only knew -each other, I think, a few weeks in Bath! Peculiarly lucky!--for as to -any real knowledge of a person's disposition that Bath, or any public -place, can give--it is all nothing; there can be no knowledge. It is -only by seeing women in their own homes, among their own set, just as -they always are, that you can form any just judgment. Short of that, it -is all guess and luck--and will generally be ill-luck. How many a man -has committed himself on a short acquaintance, and rued it all the rest -of his life!" - -Miss Fairfax, who had seldom spoken before, except among her own -confederates, spoke now. - -"Such things do occur, undoubtedly."--She was stopped by a cough. Frank -Churchill turned towards her to listen. - -"You were speaking," said he, gravely. She recovered her voice. - -"I was only going to observe, that though such unfortunate circumstances -do sometimes occur both to men and women, I cannot imagine them to be -very frequent. A hasty and imprudent attachment may arise--but there is -generally time to recover from it afterwards. I would be understood to -mean, that it can be only weak, irresolute characters, (whose happiness -must be always at the mercy of chance,) who will suffer an unfortunate -acquaintance to be an inconvenience, an oppression for ever." - -He made no answer; merely looked, and bowed in submission; and soon -afterwards said, in a lively tone, - -"Well, I have so little confidence in my own judgment, that whenever I -marry, I hope some body will chuse my wife for me. Will you? (turning to -Emma.) Will you chuse a wife for me?--I am sure I should like any body -fixed on by you. You provide for the family, you know, (with a smile at -his father). Find some body for me. I am in no hurry. Adopt her, educate -her." - -"And make her like myself." - -"By all means, if you can." - -"Very well. I undertake the commission. You shall have a charming wife." - -"She must be very lively, and have hazle eyes. I care for nothing else. -I shall go abroad for a couple of years--and when I return, I shall come -to you for my wife. Remember." - -Emma was in no danger of forgetting. It was a commission to touch every -favourite feeling. Would not Harriet be the very creature described? -Hazle eyes excepted, two years more might make her all that he wished. -He might even have Harriet in his thoughts at the moment; who could say? -Referring the education to her seemed to imply it. - -"Now, ma'am," said Jane to her aunt, "shall we join Mrs. Elton?" - -"If you please, my dear. With all my heart. I am quite ready. I was -ready to have gone with her, but this will do just as well. We shall -soon overtake her. There she is--no, that's somebody else. That's one -of the ladies in the Irish car party, not at all like her.--Well, I -declare--" - -They walked off, followed in half a minute by Mr. Knightley. Mr. Weston, -his son, Emma, and Harriet, only remained; and the young man's spirits -now rose to a pitch almost unpleasant. Even Emma grew tired at last of -flattery and merriment, and wished herself rather walking quietly about -with any of the others, or sitting almost alone, and quite unattended -to, in tranquil observation of the beautiful views beneath her. The -appearance of the servants looking out for them to give notice of the -carriages was a joyful sight; and even the bustle of collecting and -preparing to depart, and the solicitude of Mrs. Elton to have _her_ -carriage first, were gladly endured, in the prospect of the quiet drive -home which was to close the very questionable enjoyments of this day of -pleasure. Such another scheme, composed of so many ill-assorted people, -she hoped never to be betrayed into again. - -While waiting for the carriage, she found Mr. Knightley by her side. He -looked around, as if to see that no one were near, and then said, - -"Emma, I must once more speak to you as I have been used to do: a -privilege rather endured than allowed, perhaps, but I must still use it. -I cannot see you acting wrong, without a remonstrance. How could you be -so unfeeling to Miss Bates? How could you be so insolent in your wit to -a woman of her character, age, and situation?--Emma, I had not thought -it possible." - -Emma recollected, blushed, was sorry, but tried to laugh it off. - -"Nay, how could I help saying what I did?--Nobody could have helped it. -It was not so very bad. I dare say she did not understand me." - -"I assure you she did. She felt your full meaning. She has talked of -it since. I wish you could have heard how she talked of it--with what -candour and generosity. I wish you could have heard her honouring your -forbearance, in being able to pay her such attentions, as she was for -ever receiving from yourself and your father, when her society must be -so irksome." - -"Oh!" cried Emma, "I know there is not a better creature in the world: -but you must allow, that what is good and what is ridiculous are most -unfortunately blended in her." - -"They are blended," said he, "I acknowledge; and, were she prosperous, -I could allow much for the occasional prevalence of the ridiculous over -the good. Were she a woman of fortune, I would leave every harmless -absurdity to take its chance, I would not quarrel with you for any -liberties of manner. Were she your equal in situation--but, Emma, -consider how far this is from being the case. She is poor; she has sunk -from the comforts she was born to; and, if she live to old age, must -probably sink more. Her situation should secure your compassion. It was -badly done, indeed! You, whom she had known from an infant, whom she had -seen grow up from a period when her notice was an honour, to have you -now, in thoughtless spirits, and the pride of the moment, laugh at her, -humble her--and before her niece, too--and before others, many of whom -(certainly _some_,) would be entirely guided by _your_ treatment -of her.--This is not pleasant to you, Emma--and it is very far from -pleasant to me; but I must, I will,--I will tell you truths while I can; -satisfied with proving myself your friend by very faithful counsel, and -trusting that you will some time or other do me greater justice than you -can do now." - -While they talked, they were advancing towards the carriage; it was -ready; and, before she could speak again, he had handed her in. He had -misinterpreted the feelings which had kept her face averted, and her -tongue motionless. They were combined only of anger against herself, -mortification, and deep concern. She had not been able to speak; and, on -entering the carriage, sunk back for a moment overcome--then reproaching -herself for having taken no leave, making no acknowledgment, parting in -apparent sullenness, she looked out with voice and hand eager to shew a -difference; but it was just too late. He had turned away, and the horses -were in motion. She continued to look back, but in vain; and soon, with -what appeared unusual speed, they were half way down the hill, and -every thing left far behind. She was vexed beyond what could have been -expressed--almost beyond what she could conceal. Never had she felt so -agitated, mortified, grieved, at any circumstance in her life. She was -most forcibly struck. The truth of this representation there was no -denying. She felt it at her heart. How could she have been so brutal, -so cruel to Miss Bates! How could she have exposed herself to such ill -opinion in any one she valued! And how suffer him to leave her without -saying one word of gratitude, of concurrence, of common kindness! - -Time did not compose her. As she reflected more, she seemed but to feel -it more. She never had been so depressed. Happily it was not necessary -to speak. There was only Harriet, who seemed not in spirits herself, -fagged, and very willing to be silent; and Emma felt the tears running -down her cheeks almost all the way home, without being at any trouble to -check them, extraordinary as they were. - - - -CHAPTER VIII - - -The wretchedness of a scheme to Box Hill was in Emma's thoughts all the -evening. How it might be considered by the rest of the party, she could -not tell. They, in their different homes, and their different ways, -might be looking back on it with pleasure; but in her view it was -a morning more completely misspent, more totally bare of rational -satisfaction at the time, and more to be abhorred in recollection, than -any she had ever passed. A whole evening of back-gammon with her father, -was felicity to it. _There_, indeed, lay real pleasure, for there she -was giving up the sweetest hours of the twenty-four to his comfort; and -feeling that, unmerited as might be the degree of his fond affection and -confiding esteem, she could not, in her general conduct, be open to any -severe reproach. As a daughter, she hoped she was not without a heart. -She hoped no one could have said to her, "How could you be so unfeeling -to your father?--I must, I will tell you truths while I can." Miss -Bates should never again--no, never! If attention, in future, could do -away the past, she might hope to be forgiven. She had been often remiss, -her conscience told her so; remiss, perhaps, more in thought than fact; -scornful, ungracious. But it should be so no more. In the warmth of true -contrition, she would call upon her the very next morning, and it should -be the beginning, on her side, of a regular, equal, kindly intercourse. - -She was just as determined when the morrow came, and went early, that -nothing might prevent her. It was not unlikely, she thought, that she -might see Mr. Knightley in her way; or, perhaps, he might come in -while she were paying her visit. She had no objection. She would not be -ashamed of the appearance of the penitence, so justly and truly hers. -Her eyes were towards Donwell as she walked, but she saw him not. - -"The ladies were all at home." She had never rejoiced at the sound -before, nor ever before entered the passage, nor walked up the stairs, -with any wish of giving pleasure, but in conferring obligation, or of -deriving it, except in subsequent ridicule. - -There was a bustle on her approach; a good deal of moving and talking. -She heard Miss Bates's voice, something was to be done in a hurry; the -maid looked frightened and awkward; hoped she would be pleased to wait a -moment, and then ushered her in too soon. The aunt and niece seemed both -escaping into the adjoining room. Jane she had a distinct glimpse of, -looking extremely ill; and, before the door had shut them out, she heard -Miss Bates saying, "Well, my dear, I shall _say_ you are laid down upon -the bed, and I am sure you are ill enough." - -Poor old Mrs. Bates, civil and humble as usual, looked as if she did not -quite understand what was going on. - -"I am afraid Jane is not very well," said she, "but I do not know; they -_tell_ me she is well. I dare say my daughter will be here presently, -Miss Woodhouse. I hope you find a chair. I wish Hetty had not gone. I am -very little able--Have you a chair, ma'am? Do you sit where you like? I -am sure she will be here presently." - -Emma seriously hoped she would. She had a moment's fear of Miss Bates -keeping away from her. But Miss Bates soon came--"Very happy and -obliged"--but Emma's conscience told her that there was not the same -cheerful volubility as before--less ease of look and manner. A very -friendly inquiry after Miss Fairfax, she hoped, might lead the way to a -return of old feelings. The touch seemed immediate. - -"Ah! Miss Woodhouse, how kind you are!--I suppose you have heard--and -are come to give us joy. This does not seem much like joy, indeed, in -me--(twinkling away a tear or two)--but it will be very trying for us -to part with her, after having had her so long, and she has a dreadful -headache just now, writing all the morning:--such long letters, you -know, to be written to Colonel Campbell, and Mrs. Dixon. 'My dear,' said -I, 'you will blind yourself'--for tears were in her eyes perpetually. -One cannot wonder, one cannot wonder. It is a great change; and though -she is amazingly fortunate--such a situation, I suppose, as no -young woman before ever met with on first going out--do not think us -ungrateful, Miss Woodhouse, for such surprising good fortune--(again -dispersing her tears)--but, poor dear soul! if you were to see what a -headache she has. When one is in great pain, you know one cannot feel -any blessing quite as it may deserve. She is as low as possible. To -look at her, nobody would think how delighted and happy she is to have -secured such a situation. You will excuse her not coming to you--she is -not able--she is gone into her own room--I want her to lie down upon the -bed. 'My dear,' said I, 'I shall say you are laid down upon the bed:' -but, however, she is not; she is walking about the room. But, now that -she has written her letters, she says she shall soon be well. She will -be extremely sorry to miss seeing you, Miss Woodhouse, but your -kindness will excuse her. You were kept waiting at the door--I was quite -ashamed--but somehow there was a little bustle--for it so happened that -we had not heard the knock, and till you were on the stairs, we did not -know any body was coming. 'It is only Mrs. Cole,' said I, 'depend upon -it. Nobody else would come so early.' 'Well,' said she, 'it must be -borne some time or other, and it may as well be now.' But then Patty -came in, and said it was you. 'Oh!' said I, 'it is Miss Woodhouse: I am -sure you will like to see her.'--'I can see nobody,' said she; and -up she got, and would go away; and that was what made us keep you -waiting--and extremely sorry and ashamed we were. 'If you must go, my -dear,' said I, 'you must, and I will say you are laid down upon the -bed.'" - -Emma was most sincerely interested. Her heart had been long growing -kinder towards Jane; and this picture of her present sufferings acted -as a cure of every former ungenerous suspicion, and left her nothing but -pity; and the remembrance of the less just and less gentle sensations of -the past, obliged her to admit that Jane might very naturally resolve on -seeing Mrs. Cole or any other steady friend, when she might not bear -to see herself. She spoke as she felt, with earnest regret and -solicitude--sincerely wishing that the circumstances which she collected -from Miss Bates to be now actually determined on, might be as much for -Miss Fairfax's advantage and comfort as possible. "It must be a severe -trial to them all. She had understood it was to be delayed till Colonel -Campbell's return." - -"So very kind!" replied Miss Bates. "But you are always kind." - -There was no bearing such an "always;" and to break through her dreadful -gratitude, Emma made the direct inquiry of-- - -"Where--may I ask?--is Miss Fairfax going?" - -"To a Mrs. Smallridge--charming woman--most superior--to have the charge -of her three little girls--delightful children. Impossible that any -situation could be more replete with comfort; if we except, perhaps, -Mrs. Suckling's own family, and Mrs. Bragge's; but Mrs. Smallridge is -intimate with both, and in the very same neighbourhood:--lives only four -miles from Maple Grove. Jane will be only four miles from Maple Grove." - -"Mrs. Elton, I suppose, has been the person to whom Miss Fairfax owes--" - -"Yes, our good Mrs. Elton. The most indefatigable, true friend. She -would not take a denial. She would not let Jane say, 'No;' for when Jane -first heard of it, (it was the day before yesterday, the very morning -we were at Donwell,) when Jane first heard of it, she was quite decided -against accepting the offer, and for the reasons you mention; exactly -as you say, she had made up her mind to close with nothing till Colonel -Campbell's return, and nothing should induce her to enter into any -engagement at present--and so she told Mrs. Elton over and over -again--and I am sure I had no more idea that she would change her -mind!--but that good Mrs. Elton, whose judgment never fails her, saw -farther than I did. It is not every body that would have stood out in -such a kind way as she did, and refuse to take Jane's answer; but she -positively declared she would _not_ write any such denial yesterday, as -Jane wished her; she would wait--and, sure enough, yesterday evening it -was all settled that Jane should go. Quite a surprize to me! I had not -the least idea!--Jane took Mrs. Elton aside, and told her at once, that -upon thinking over the advantages of Mrs. Smallridge's situation, she -had come to the resolution of accepting it.--I did not know a word of it -till it was all settled." - -"You spent the evening with Mrs. Elton?" - -"Yes, all of us; Mrs. Elton would have us come. It was settled so, upon -the hill, while we were walking about with Mr. Knightley. 'You _must_ -_all_ spend your evening with us,' said she--'I positively must have you -_all_ come.'" - -"Mr. Knightley was there too, was he?" - -"No, not Mr. Knightley; he declined it from the first; and though I -thought he would come, because Mrs. Elton declared she would not let him -off, he did not;--but my mother, and Jane, and I, were all there, and -a very agreeable evening we had. Such kind friends, you know, Miss -Woodhouse, one must always find agreeable, though every body seemed -rather fagged after the morning's party. Even pleasure, you know, is -fatiguing--and I cannot say that any of them seemed very much to have -enjoyed it. However, _I_ shall always think it a very pleasant party, -and feel extremely obliged to the kind friends who included me in it." - -"Miss Fairfax, I suppose, though you were not aware of it, had been -making up her mind the whole day?" - -"I dare say she had." - -"Whenever the time may come, it must be unwelcome to her and all her -friends--but I hope her engagement will have every alleviation that is -possible--I mean, as to the character and manners of the family." - -"Thank you, dear Miss Woodhouse. Yes, indeed, there is every thing -in the world that can make her happy in it. Except the Sucklings and -Bragges, there is not such another nursery establishment, so liberal -and elegant, in all Mrs. Elton's acquaintance. Mrs. Smallridge, a most -delightful woman!--A style of living almost equal to Maple Grove--and as -to the children, except the little Sucklings and little Bragges, there -are not such elegant sweet children anywhere. Jane will be treated with -such regard and kindness!--It will be nothing but pleasure, a life of -pleasure.--And her salary!--I really cannot venture to name her salary -to you, Miss Woodhouse. Even you, used as you are to great sums, would -hardly believe that so much could be given to a young person like Jane." - -"Ah! madam," cried Emma, "if other children are at all like what I -remember to have been myself, I should think five times the amount of -what I have ever yet heard named as a salary on such occasions, dearly -earned." - -"You are so noble in your ideas!" - -"And when is Miss Fairfax to leave you?" - -"Very soon, very soon, indeed; that's the worst of it. Within a -fortnight. Mrs. Smallridge is in a great hurry. My poor mother does not -know how to bear it. So then, I try to put it out of her thoughts, and -say, Come ma'am, do not let us think about it any more." - -"Her friends must all be sorry to lose her; and will not Colonel and -Mrs. Campbell be sorry to find that she has engaged herself before their -return?" - -"Yes; Jane says she is sure they will; but yet, this is such a situation -as she cannot feel herself justified in declining. I was so astonished -when she first told me what she had been saying to Mrs. Elton, and when -Mrs. Elton at the same moment came congratulating me upon it! It was -before tea--stay--no, it could not be before tea, because we were -just going to cards--and yet it was before tea, because I remember -thinking--Oh! no, now I recollect, now I have it; something happened -before tea, but not that. Mr. Elton was called out of the room before -tea, old John Abdy's son wanted to speak with him. Poor old John, I -have a great regard for him; he was clerk to my poor father twenty-seven -years; and now, poor old man, he is bed-ridden, and very poorly with the -rheumatic gout in his joints--I must go and see him to-day; and so will -Jane, I am sure, if she gets out at all. And poor John's son came to -talk to Mr. Elton about relief from the parish; he is very well to do -himself, you know, being head man at the Crown, ostler, and every thing -of that sort, but still he cannot keep his father without some help; -and so, when Mr. Elton came back, he told us what John ostler had been -telling him, and then it came out about the chaise having been sent to -Randalls to take Mr. Frank Churchill to Richmond. That was what happened -before tea. It was after tea that Jane spoke to Mrs. Elton." - -Miss Bates would hardly give Emma time to say how perfectly new this -circumstance was to her; but as without supposing it possible that she -could be ignorant of any of the particulars of Mr. Frank Churchill's -going, she proceeded to give them all, it was of no consequence. - -What Mr. Elton had learned from the ostler on the subject, being the -accumulation of the ostler's own knowledge, and the knowledge of the -servants at Randalls, was, that a messenger had come over from Richmond -soon after the return of the party from Box Hill--which messenger, -however, had been no more than was expected; and that Mr. Churchill had -sent his nephew a few lines, containing, upon the whole, a tolerable -account of Mrs. Churchill, and only wishing him not to delay coming -back beyond the next morning early; but that Mr. Frank Churchill having -resolved to go home directly, without waiting at all, and his horse -seeming to have got a cold, Tom had been sent off immediately for the -Crown chaise, and the ostler had stood out and seen it pass by, the boy -going a good pace, and driving very steady. - -There was nothing in all this either to astonish or interest, and it -caught Emma's attention only as it united with the subject which already -engaged her mind. The contrast between Mrs. Churchill's importance in -the world, and Jane Fairfax's, struck her; one was every thing, the -other nothing--and she sat musing on the difference of woman's destiny, -and quite unconscious on what her eyes were fixed, till roused by Miss -Bates's saying, - -"Aye, I see what you are thinking of, the pianoforte. What is to become -of that?--Very true. Poor dear Jane was talking of it just now.--'You -must go,' said she. 'You and I must part. You will have no business -here.--Let it stay, however,' said she; 'give it houseroom till Colonel -Campbell comes back. I shall talk about it to him; he will settle for -me; he will help me out of all my difficulties.'--And to this day, I do -believe, she knows not whether it was his present or his daughter's." - -Now Emma was obliged to think of the pianoforte; and the remembrance of -all her former fanciful and unfair conjectures was so little pleasing, -that she soon allowed herself to believe her visit had been long enough; -and, with a repetition of every thing that she could venture to say of -the good wishes which she really felt, took leave. - - - -CHAPTER IX - - -Emma's pensive meditations, as she walked home, were not interrupted; -but on entering the parlour, she found those who must rouse her. Mr. -Knightley and Harriet had arrived during her absence, and were sitting -with her father.--Mr. Knightley immediately got up, and in a manner -decidedly graver than usual, said, - -"I would not go away without seeing you, but I have no time to spare, -and therefore must now be gone directly. I am going to London, to spend -a few days with John and Isabella. Have you any thing to send or say, -besides the 'love,' which nobody carries?" - -"Nothing at all. But is not this a sudden scheme?" - -"Yes--rather--I have been thinking of it some little time." - -Emma was sure he had not forgiven her; he looked unlike himself. Time, -however, she thought, would tell him that they ought to be friends -again. While he stood, as if meaning to go, but not going--her father -began his inquiries. - -"Well, my dear, and did you get there safely?--And how did you find my -worthy old friend and her daughter?--I dare say they must have been very -much obliged to you for coming. Dear Emma has been to call on Mrs. -and Miss Bates, Mr. Knightley, as I told you before. She is always so -attentive to them!" - -Emma's colour was heightened by this unjust praise; and with a -smile, and shake of the head, which spoke much, she looked at Mr. -Knightley.--It seemed as if there were an instantaneous impression in -her favour, as if his eyes received the truth from her's, and all that -had passed of good in her feelings were at once caught and honoured.-- -He looked at her with a glow of regard. She was warmly gratified--and in -another moment still more so, by a little movement of more than common -friendliness on his part.--He took her hand;--whether she had not -herself made the first motion, she could not say--she might, perhaps, -have rather offered it--but he took her hand, pressed it, and certainly -was on the point of carrying it to his lips--when, from some fancy or -other, he suddenly let it go.--Why he should feel such a scruple, why -he should change his mind when it was all but done, she could not -perceive.--He would have judged better, she thought, if he had not -stopped.--The intention, however, was indubitable; and whether it was -that his manners had in general so little gallantry, or however else it -happened, but she thought nothing became him more.--It was with him, -of so simple, yet so dignified a nature.--She could not but recall the -attempt with great satisfaction. It spoke such perfect amity.--He left -them immediately afterwards--gone in a moment. He always moved with the -alertness of a mind which could neither be undecided nor dilatory, but -now he seemed more sudden than usual in his disappearance. - -Emma could not regret her having gone to Miss Bates, but she wished she -had left her ten minutes earlier;--it would have been a great pleasure -to talk over Jane Fairfax's situation with Mr. Knightley.--Neither -would she regret that he should be going to Brunswick Square, for she -knew how much his visit would be enjoyed--but it might have happened -at a better time--and to have had longer notice of it, would have been -pleasanter.--They parted thorough friends, however; she could not -be deceived as to the meaning of his countenance, and his unfinished -gallantry;--it was all done to assure her that she had fully recovered -his good opinion.--He had been sitting with them half an hour, she -found. It was a pity that she had not come back earlier! - -In the hope of diverting her father's thoughts from the disagreeableness -of Mr. Knightley's going to London; and going so suddenly; and going on -horseback, which she knew would be all very bad; Emma communicated her -news of Jane Fairfax, and her dependence on the effect was justified; -it supplied a very useful check,--interested, without disturbing him. He -had long made up his mind to Jane Fairfax's going out as governess, and -could talk of it cheerfully, but Mr. Knightley's going to London had -been an unexpected blow. - -"I am very glad, indeed, my dear, to hear she is to be so comfortably -settled. Mrs. Elton is very good-natured and agreeable, and I dare say -her acquaintance are just what they ought to be. I hope it is a dry -situation, and that her health will be taken good care of. It ought to -be a first object, as I am sure poor Miss Taylor's always was with me. -You know, my dear, she is going to be to this new lady what Miss Taylor -was to us. And I hope she will be better off in one respect, and not be -induced to go away after it has been her home so long." - -The following day brought news from Richmond to throw every thing else -into the background. An express arrived at Randalls to announce the -death of Mrs. Churchill! Though her nephew had had no particular reason -to hasten back on her account, she had not lived above six-and-thirty -hours after his return. A sudden seizure of a different nature from any -thing foreboded by her general state, had carried her off after a short -struggle. The great Mrs. Churchill was no more. - -It was felt as such things must be felt. Every body had a degree of -gravity and sorrow; tenderness towards the departed, solicitude for the -surviving friends; and, in a reasonable time, curiosity to know where -she would be buried. Goldsmith tells us, that when lovely woman stoops -to folly, she has nothing to do but to die; and when she stoops to be -disagreeable, it is equally to be recommended as a clearer of ill-fame. -Mrs. Churchill, after being disliked at least twenty-five years, was -now spoken of with compassionate allowances. In one point she was fully -justified. She had never been admitted before to be seriously ill. The -event acquitted her of all the fancifulness, and all the selfishness of -imaginary complaints. - -"Poor Mrs. Churchill! no doubt she had been suffering a great deal: -more than any body had ever supposed--and continual pain would try the -temper. It was a sad event--a great shock--with all her faults, what -would Mr. Churchill do without her? Mr. Churchill's loss would be -dreadful indeed. Mr. Churchill would never get over it."--Even Mr. -Weston shook his head, and looked solemn, and said, "Ah! poor woman, -who would have thought it!" and resolved, that his mourning should be as -handsome as possible; and his wife sat sighing and moralising over her -broad hems with a commiseration and good sense, true and steady. How it -would affect Frank was among the earliest thoughts of both. It was also -a very early speculation with Emma. The character of Mrs. Churchill, -the grief of her husband--her mind glanced over them both with awe and -compassion--and then rested with lightened feelings on how Frank might -be affected by the event, how benefited, how freed. She saw in a moment -all the possible good. Now, an attachment to Harriet Smith would have -nothing to encounter. Mr. Churchill, independent of his wife, was feared -by nobody; an easy, guidable man, to be persuaded into any thing by his -nephew. All that remained to be wished was, that the nephew should form -the attachment, as, with all her goodwill in the cause, Emma could feel -no certainty of its being already formed. - -Harriet behaved extremely well on the occasion, with great self-command. -What ever she might feel of brighter hope, she betrayed nothing. Emma -was gratified, to observe such a proof in her of strengthened character, -and refrained from any allusion that might endanger its maintenance. -They spoke, therefore, of Mrs. Churchill's death with mutual -forbearance. - -Short letters from Frank were received at Randalls, communicating all -that was immediately important of their state and plans. Mr. Churchill -was better than could be expected; and their first removal, on the -departure of the funeral for Yorkshire, was to be to the house of a very -old friend in Windsor, to whom Mr. Churchill had been promising a -visit the last ten years. At present, there was nothing to be done for -Harriet; good wishes for the future were all that could yet be possible -on Emma's side. - -It was a more pressing concern to shew attention to Jane Fairfax, whose -prospects were closing, while Harriet's opened, and whose engagements -now allowed of no delay in any one at Highbury, who wished to shew her -kindness--and with Emma it was grown into a first wish. She had scarcely -a stronger regret than for her past coldness; and the person, whom she -had been so many months neglecting, was now the very one on whom she -would have lavished every distinction of regard or sympathy. She wanted -to be of use to her; wanted to shew a value for her society, and testify -respect and consideration. She resolved to prevail on her to spend a day -at Hartfield. A note was written to urge it. The invitation was refused, -and by a verbal message. "Miss Fairfax was not well enough to write;" -and when Mr. Perry called at Hartfield, the same morning, it appeared -that she was so much indisposed as to have been visited, though against -her own consent, by himself, and that she was suffering under severe -headaches, and a nervous fever to a degree, which made him doubt the -possibility of her going to Mrs. Smallridge's at the time proposed. -Her health seemed for the moment completely deranged--appetite quite -gone--and though there were no absolutely alarming symptoms, nothing -touching the pulmonary complaint, which was the standing apprehension -of the family, Mr. Perry was uneasy about her. He thought she had -undertaken more than she was equal to, and that she felt it so herself, -though she would not own it. Her spirits seemed overcome. Her -present home, he could not but observe, was unfavourable to a nervous -disorder:--confined always to one room;--he could have wished it -otherwise--and her good aunt, though his very old friend, he must -acknowledge to be not the best companion for an invalid of that -description. Her care and attention could not be questioned; they were, -in fact, only too great. He very much feared that Miss Fairfax derived -more evil than good from them. Emma listened with the warmest concern; -grieved for her more and more, and looked around eager to discover some -way of being useful. To take her--be it only an hour or two--from -her aunt, to give her change of air and scene, and quiet rational -conversation, even for an hour or two, might do her good; and the -following morning she wrote again to say, in the most feeling language -she could command, that she would call for her in the carriage at any -hour that Jane would name--mentioning that she had Mr. Perry's decided -opinion, in favour of such exercise for his patient. The answer was only -in this short note: - -"Miss Fairfax's compliments and thanks, but is quite unequal to any -exercise." - -Emma felt that her own note had deserved something better; but it was -impossible to quarrel with words, whose tremulous inequality shewed -indisposition so plainly, and she thought only of how she might best -counteract this unwillingness to be seen or assisted. In spite of the -answer, therefore, she ordered the carriage, and drove to Mrs. Bates's, -in the hope that Jane would be induced to join her--but it would not -do;--Miss Bates came to the carriage door, all gratitude, and agreeing -with her most earnestly in thinking an airing might be of the greatest -service--and every thing that message could do was tried--but all in -vain. Miss Bates was obliged to return without success; Jane was -quite unpersuadable; the mere proposal of going out seemed to make her -worse.--Emma wished she could have seen her, and tried her own powers; -but, almost before she could hint the wish, Miss Bates made it appear -that she had promised her niece on no account to let Miss Woodhouse in. -"Indeed, the truth was, that poor dear Jane could not bear to see any -body--any body at all--Mrs. Elton, indeed, could not be denied--and -Mrs. Cole had made such a point--and Mrs. Perry had said so much--but, -except them, Jane would really see nobody." - -Emma did not want to be classed with the Mrs. Eltons, the Mrs. Perrys, -and the Mrs. Coles, who would force themselves anywhere; neither could -she feel any right of preference herself--she submitted, therefore, and -only questioned Miss Bates farther as to her niece's appetite and diet, -which she longed to be able to assist. On that subject poor Miss Bates -was very unhappy, and very communicative; Jane would hardly eat any -thing:--Mr. Perry recommended nourishing food; but every thing -they could command (and never had any body such good neighbours) was -distasteful. - -Emma, on reaching home, called the housekeeper directly, to an -examination of her stores; and some arrowroot of very superior quality -was speedily despatched to Miss Bates with a most friendly note. In half -an hour the arrowroot was returned, with a thousand thanks from Miss -Bates, but "dear Jane would not be satisfied without its being sent -back; it was a thing she could not take--and, moreover, she insisted on -her saying, that she was not at all in want of any thing." - -When Emma afterwards heard that Jane Fairfax had been seen wandering -about the meadows, at some distance from Highbury, on the afternoon of -the very day on which she had, under the plea of being unequal to any -exercise, so peremptorily refused to go out with her in the carriage, -she could have no doubt--putting every thing together--that Jane was -resolved to receive no kindness from _her_. She was sorry, very sorry. -Her heart was grieved for a state which seemed but the more pitiable -from this sort of irritation of spirits, inconsistency of action, and -inequality of powers; and it mortified her that she was given so little -credit for proper feeling, or esteemed so little worthy as a friend: but -she had the consolation of knowing that her intentions were good, and of -being able to say to herself, that could Mr. Knightley have been privy -to all her attempts of assisting Jane Fairfax, could he even have seen -into her heart, he would not, on this occasion, have found any thing to -reprove. - - - -CHAPTER X - - -One morning, about ten days after Mrs. Churchill's decease, Emma was -called downstairs to Mr. Weston, who "could not stay five minutes, -and wanted particularly to speak with her."--He met her at the -parlour-door, and hardly asking her how she did, in the natural key of -his voice, sunk it immediately, to say, unheard by her father, - -"Can you come to Randalls at any time this morning?--Do, if it be -possible. Mrs. Weston wants to see you. She must see you." - -"Is she unwell?" - -"No, no, not at all--only a little agitated. She would have ordered the -carriage, and come to you, but she must see you _alone_, and that you -know--(nodding towards her father)--Humph!--Can you come?" - -"Certainly. This moment, if you please. It is impossible to refuse what -you ask in such a way. But what can be the matter?--Is she really not -ill?" - -"Depend upon me--but ask no more questions. You will know it all in -time. The most unaccountable business! But hush, hush!" - -To guess what all this meant, was impossible even for Emma. Something -really important seemed announced by his looks; but, as her friend was -well, she endeavoured not to be uneasy, and settling it with her father, -that she would take her walk now, she and Mr. Weston were soon out of -the house together and on their way at a quick pace for Randalls. - -"Now,"--said Emma, when they were fairly beyond the sweep gates,--"now -Mr. Weston, do let me know what has happened." - -"No, no,"--he gravely replied.--"Don't ask me. I promised my wife to -leave it all to her. She will break it to you better than I can. Do not -be impatient, Emma; it will all come out too soon." - -"Break it to me," cried Emma, standing still with terror.--"Good -God!--Mr. Weston, tell me at once.--Something has happened in Brunswick -Square. I know it has. Tell me, I charge you tell me this moment what it -is." - -"No, indeed you are mistaken."-- - -"Mr. Weston do not trifle with me.--Consider how many of my dearest -friends are now in Brunswick Square. Which of them is it?--I charge you -by all that is sacred, not to attempt concealment." - -"Upon my word, Emma."-- - -"Your word!--why not your honour!--why not say upon your honour, that -it has nothing to do with any of them? Good Heavens!--What can be to be -_broke_ to me, that does not relate to one of that family?" - -"Upon my honour," said he very seriously, "it does not. It is not in -the smallest degree connected with any human being of the name of -Knightley." - -Emma's courage returned, and she walked on. - -"I was wrong," he continued, "in talking of its being _broke_ to you. -I should not have used the expression. In fact, it does not concern -you--it concerns only myself,--that is, we hope.--Humph!--In short, my -dear Emma, there is no occasion to be so uneasy about it. I don't -say that it is not a disagreeable business--but things might be much -worse.--If we walk fast, we shall soon be at Randalls." - -Emma found that she must wait; and now it required little effort. She -asked no more questions therefore, merely employed her own fancy, and -that soon pointed out to her the probability of its being some money -concern--something just come to light, of a disagreeable nature in the -circumstances of the family,--something which the late event at Richmond -had brought forward. Her fancy was very active. Half a dozen natural -children, perhaps--and poor Frank cut off!--This, though very -undesirable, would be no matter of agony to her. It inspired little more -than an animating curiosity. - -"Who is that gentleman on horseback?" said she, as they -proceeded--speaking more to assist Mr. Weston in keeping his secret, -than with any other view. - -"I do not know.--One of the Otways.--Not Frank;--it is not Frank, I -assure you. You will not see him. He is half way to Windsor by this -time." - -"Has your son been with you, then?" - -"Oh! yes--did not you know?--Well, well, never mind." - -For a moment he was silent; and then added, in a tone much more guarded -and demure, - -"Yes, Frank came over this morning, just to ask us how we did." - -They hurried on, and were speedily at Randalls.--"Well, my dear," said -he, as they entered the room--"I have brought her, and now I hope you -will soon be better. I shall leave you together. There is no use in -delay. I shall not be far off, if you want me."--And Emma distinctly -heard him add, in a lower tone, before he quitted the room,--"I have -been as good as my word. She has not the least idea." - -Mrs. Weston was looking so ill, and had an air of so much perturbation, -that Emma's uneasiness increased; and the moment they were alone, she -eagerly said, - -"What is it my dear friend? Something of a very unpleasant nature, I -find, has occurred;--do let me know directly what it is. I have been -walking all this way in complete suspense. We both abhor suspense. -Do not let mine continue longer. It will do you good to speak of your -distress, whatever it may be." - -"Have you indeed no idea?" said Mrs. Weston in a trembling voice. -"Cannot you, my dear Emma--cannot you form a guess as to what you are to -hear?" - -"So far as that it relates to Mr. Frank Churchill, I do guess." - -"You are right. It does relate to him, and I will tell you directly;" -(resuming her work, and seeming resolved against looking up.) "He has -been here this very morning, on a most extraordinary errand. It is -impossible to express our surprize. He came to speak to his father on a -subject,--to announce an attachment--" - -She stopped to breathe. Emma thought first of herself, and then of -Harriet. - -"More than an attachment, indeed," resumed Mrs. Weston; "an -engagement--a positive engagement.--What will you say, Emma--what will -any body say, when it is known that Frank Churchill and Miss Fairfax are -engaged;--nay, that they have been long engaged!" - -Emma even jumped with surprize;--and, horror-struck, exclaimed, - -"Jane Fairfax!--Good God! You are not serious? You do not mean it?" - -"You may well be amazed," returned Mrs. Weston, still averting her eyes, -and talking on with eagerness, that Emma might have time to recover-- -"You may well be amazed. But it is even so. There has been a solemn -engagement between them ever since October--formed at Weymouth, and -kept a secret from every body. Not a creature knowing it but -themselves--neither the Campbells, nor her family, nor his.--It is so -wonderful, that though perfectly convinced of the fact, it is yet almost -incredible to myself. I can hardly believe it.--I thought I knew him." - -Emma scarcely heard what was said.--Her mind was divided between two -ideas--her own former conversations with him about Miss Fairfax; and -poor Harriet;--and for some time she could only exclaim, and require -confirmation, repeated confirmation. - -"Well," said she at last, trying to recover herself; "this is a -circumstance which I must think of at least half a day, before I can at -all comprehend it. What!--engaged to her all the winter--before either -of them came to Highbury?" - -"Engaged since October,--secretly engaged.--It has hurt me, Emma, very -much. It has hurt his father equally. _Some_ _part_ of his conduct we -cannot excuse." - -Emma pondered a moment, and then replied, "I will not pretend _not_ to -understand you; and to give you all the relief in my power, be assured -that no such effect has followed his attentions to me, as you are -apprehensive of." - -Mrs. Weston looked up, afraid to believe; but Emma's countenance was as -steady as her words. - -"That you may have less difficulty in believing this boast, of my -present perfect indifference," she continued, "I will farther tell you, -that there was a period in the early part of our acquaintance, when I -did like him, when I was very much disposed to be attached to him--nay, -was attached--and how it came to cease, is perhaps the wonder. -Fortunately, however, it did cease. I have really for some time past, -for at least these three months, cared nothing about him. You may -believe me, Mrs. Weston. This is the simple truth." - -Mrs. Weston kissed her with tears of joy; and when she could find -utterance, assured her, that this protestation had done her more good -than any thing else in the world could do. - -"Mr. Weston will be almost as much relieved as myself," said she. "On -this point we have been wretched. It was our darling wish that you -might be attached to each other--and we were persuaded that it was so.-- -Imagine what we have been feeling on your account." - -"I have escaped; and that I should escape, may be a matter of grateful -wonder to you and myself. But this does not acquit _him_, Mrs. Weston; -and I must say, that I think him greatly to blame. What right had he -to come among us with affection and faith engaged, and with manners -so _very_ disengaged? What right had he to endeavour to please, as -he certainly did--to distinguish any one young woman with persevering -attention, as he certainly did--while he really belonged to -another?--How could he tell what mischief he might be doing?--How could -he tell that he might not be making me in love with him?--very wrong, -very wrong indeed." - -"From something that he said, my dear Emma, I rather imagine--" - -"And how could _she_ bear such behaviour! Composure with a witness! -to look on, while repeated attentions were offering to another woman, -before her face, and not resent it.--That is a degree of placidity, -which I can neither comprehend nor respect." - -"There were misunderstandings between them, Emma; he said so expressly. -He had not time to enter into much explanation. He was here only a -quarter of an hour, and in a state of agitation which did not allow -the full use even of the time he could stay--but that there had been -misunderstandings he decidedly said. The present crisis, indeed, -seemed to be brought on by them; and those misunderstandings might very -possibly arise from the impropriety of his conduct." - -"Impropriety! Oh! Mrs. Weston--it is too calm a censure. Much, much -beyond impropriety!--It has sunk him, I cannot say how it has sunk him -in my opinion. So unlike what a man should be!--None of that upright -integrity, that strict adherence to truth and principle, that disdain of -trick and littleness, which a man should display in every transaction of -his life." - -"Nay, dear Emma, now I must take his part; for though he has been wrong -in this instance, I have known him long enough to answer for his having -many, very many, good qualities; and--" - -"Good God!" cried Emma, not attending to her.--"Mrs. Smallridge, too! -Jane actually on the point of going as governess! What could he mean by -such horrible indelicacy? To suffer her to engage herself--to suffer her -even to think of such a measure!" - -"He knew nothing about it, Emma. On this article I can fully acquit -him. It was a private resolution of hers, not communicated to him--or at -least not communicated in a way to carry conviction.--Till yesterday, I -know he said he was in the dark as to her plans. They burst on him, I do -not know how, but by some letter or message--and it was the discovery of -what she was doing, of this very project of hers, which determined him -to come forward at once, own it all to his uncle, throw himself on -his kindness, and, in short, put an end to the miserable state of -concealment that had been carrying on so long." - -Emma began to listen better. - -"I am to hear from him soon," continued Mrs. Weston. "He told me at -parting, that he should soon write; and he spoke in a manner which -seemed to promise me many particulars that could not be given now. Let -us wait, therefore, for this letter. It may bring many extenuations. It -may make many things intelligible and excusable which now are not to -be understood. Don't let us be severe, don't let us be in a hurry to -condemn him. Let us have patience. I must love him; and now that I am -satisfied on one point, the one material point, I am sincerely anxious -for its all turning out well, and ready to hope that it may. They must -both have suffered a great deal under such a system of secresy and -concealment." - -"_His_ sufferings," replied Emma dryly, "do not appear to have done him -much harm. Well, and how did Mr. Churchill take it?" - -"Most favourably for his nephew--gave his consent with scarcely a -difficulty. Conceive what the events of a week have done in that family! -While poor Mrs. Churchill lived, I suppose there could not have been a -hope, a chance, a possibility;--but scarcely are her remains at rest in -the family vault, than her husband is persuaded to act exactly opposite -to what she would have required. What a blessing it is, when undue -influence does not survive the grave!--He gave his consent with very -little persuasion." - -"Ah!" thought Emma, "he would have done as much for Harriet." - -"This was settled last night, and Frank was off with the light this -morning. He stopped at Highbury, at the Bates's, I fancy, some time--and -then came on hither; but was in such a hurry to get back to his uncle, -to whom he is just now more necessary than ever, that, as I tell you, -he could stay with us but a quarter of an hour.--He was very much -agitated--very much, indeed--to a degree that made him appear quite -a different creature from any thing I had ever seen him before.--In -addition to all the rest, there had been the shock of finding her so -very unwell, which he had had no previous suspicion of--and there was -every appearance of his having been feeling a great deal." - -"And do you really believe the affair to have been carrying on with such -perfect secresy?--The Campbells, the Dixons, did none of them know of -the engagement?" - -Emma could not speak the name of Dixon without a little blush. - -"None; not one. He positively said that it had been known to no being in -the world but their two selves." - -"Well," said Emma, "I suppose we shall gradually grow reconciled to the -idea, and I wish them very happy. But I shall always think it a -very abominable sort of proceeding. What has it been but a system of -hypocrisy and deceit,--espionage, and treachery?--To come among us with -professions of openness and simplicity; and such a league in secret -to judge us all!--Here have we been, the whole winter and spring, -completely duped, fancying ourselves all on an equal footing of truth -and honour, with two people in the midst of us who may have been -carrying round, comparing and sitting in judgment on sentiments and -words that were never meant for both to hear.--They must take the -consequence, if they have heard each other spoken of in a way not -perfectly agreeable!" - -"I am quite easy on that head," replied Mrs. Weston. "I am very sure -that I never said any thing of either to the other, which both might not -have heard." - -"You are in luck.--Your only blunder was confined to my ear, when you -imagined a certain friend of ours in love with the lady." - -"True. But as I have always had a thoroughly good opinion of Miss -Fairfax, I never could, under any blunder, have spoken ill of her; and -as to speaking ill of him, there I must have been safe." - -At this moment Mr. Weston appeared at a little distance from the window, -evidently on the watch. His wife gave him a look which invited him -in; and, while he was coming round, added, "Now, dearest Emma, let me -intreat you to say and look every thing that may set his heart at ease, -and incline him to be satisfied with the match. Let us make the best of -it--and, indeed, almost every thing may be fairly said in her favour. It -is not a connexion to gratify; but if Mr. Churchill does not feel that, -why should we? and it may be a very fortunate circumstance for him, for -Frank, I mean, that he should have attached himself to a girl of such -steadiness of character and good judgment as I have always given her -credit for--and still am disposed to give her credit for, in spite of -this one great deviation from the strict rule of right. And how much may -be said in her situation for even that error!" - -"Much, indeed!" cried Emma feelingly. "If a woman can ever be -excused for thinking only of herself, it is in a situation like Jane -Fairfax's.--Of such, one may almost say, that 'the world is not their's, -nor the world's law.'" - -She met Mr. Weston on his entrance, with a smiling countenance, -exclaiming, - -"A very pretty trick you have been playing me, upon my word! This was a -device, I suppose, to sport with my curiosity, and exercise my talent of -guessing. But you really frightened me. I thought you had lost half -your property, at least. And here, instead of its being a matter of -condolence, it turns out to be one of congratulation.--I congratulate -you, Mr. Weston, with all my heart, on the prospect of having one of the -most lovely and accomplished young women in England for your daughter." - -A glance or two between him and his wife, convinced him that all was as -right as this speech proclaimed; and its happy effect on his spirits was -immediate. His air and voice recovered their usual briskness: he shook -her heartily and gratefully by the hand, and entered on the subject in -a manner to prove, that he now only wanted time and persuasion to think -the engagement no very bad thing. His companions suggested only what -could palliate imprudence, or smooth objections; and by the time they -had talked it all over together, and he had talked it all over again -with Emma, in their walk back to Hartfield, he was become perfectly -reconciled, and not far from thinking it the very best thing that Frank -could possibly have done. - - - -CHAPTER XI - - -"Harriet, poor Harriet!"--Those were the words; in them lay the -tormenting ideas which Emma could not get rid of, and which constituted -the real misery of the business to her. Frank Churchill had behaved very -ill by herself--very ill in many ways,--but it was not so much _his_ -behaviour as her _own_, which made her so angry with him. It was the -scrape which he had drawn her into on Harriet's account, that gave the -deepest hue to his offence.--Poor Harriet! to be a second time the -dupe of her misconceptions and flattery. Mr. Knightley had spoken -prophetically, when he once said, "Emma, you have been no friend -to Harriet Smith."--She was afraid she had done her nothing but -disservice.--It was true that she had not to charge herself, in this -instance as in the former, with being the sole and original author of -the mischief; with having suggested such feelings as might otherwise -never have entered Harriet's imagination; for Harriet had acknowledged -her admiration and preference of Frank Churchill before she had ever -given her a hint on the subject; but she felt completely guilty -of having encouraged what she might have repressed. She might have -prevented the indulgence and increase of such sentiments. Her influence -would have been enough. And now she was very conscious that she ought -to have prevented them.--She felt that she had been risking her friend's -happiness on most insufficient grounds. Common sense would have directed -her to tell Harriet, that she must not allow herself to think of him, -and that there were five hundred chances to one against his ever caring -for her.--"But, with common sense," she added, "I am afraid I have had -little to do." - -She was extremely angry with herself. If she could not have been angry -with Frank Churchill too, it would have been dreadful.--As for Jane -Fairfax, she might at least relieve her feelings from any present -solicitude on her account. Harriet would be anxiety enough; she need -no longer be unhappy about Jane, whose troubles and whose ill-health -having, of course, the same origin, must be equally under cure.--Her -days of insignificance and evil were over.--She would soon be well, and -happy, and prosperous.--Emma could now imagine why her own attentions -had been slighted. This discovery laid many smaller matters open. No -doubt it had been from jealousy.--In Jane's eyes she had been a rival; -and well might any thing she could offer of assistance or regard be -repulsed. An airing in the Hartfield carriage would have been the rack, -and arrowroot from the Hartfield storeroom must have been poison. She -understood it all; and as far as her mind could disengage itself from -the injustice and selfishness of angry feelings, she acknowledged that -Jane Fairfax would have neither elevation nor happiness beyond her -desert. But poor Harriet was such an engrossing charge! There was little -sympathy to be spared for any body else. Emma was sadly fearful -that this second disappointment would be more severe than the first. -Considering the very superior claims of the object, it ought; and -judging by its apparently stronger effect on Harriet's mind, producing -reserve and self-command, it would.--She must communicate the painful -truth, however, and as soon as possible. An injunction of secresy had -been among Mr. Weston's parting words. "For the present, the whole -affair was to be completely a secret. Mr. Churchill had made a point of -it, as a token of respect to the wife he had so very recently lost; -and every body admitted it to be no more than due decorum."--Emma had -promised; but still Harriet must be excepted. It was her superior duty. - -In spite of her vexation, she could not help feeling it almost -ridiculous, that she should have the very same distressing and delicate -office to perform by Harriet, which Mrs. Weston had just gone through by -herself. The intelligence, which had been so anxiously announced to her, -she was now to be anxiously announcing to another. Her heart beat quick -on hearing Harriet's footstep and voice; so, she supposed, had poor Mrs. -Weston felt when _she_ was approaching Randalls. Could the event of -the disclosure bear an equal resemblance!--But of that, unfortunately, -there could be no chance. - -"Well, Miss Woodhouse!" cried Harriet, coming eagerly into the room--"is -not this the oddest news that ever was?" - -"What news do you mean?" replied Emma, unable to guess, by look or -voice, whether Harriet could indeed have received any hint. - -"About Jane Fairfax. Did you ever hear any thing so strange? Oh!--you -need not be afraid of owning it to me, for Mr. Weston has told me -himself. I met him just now. He told me it was to be a great secret; -and, therefore, I should not think of mentioning it to any body but you, -but he said you knew it." - -"What did Mr. Weston tell you?"--said Emma, still perplexed. - -"Oh! he told me all about it; that Jane Fairfax and Mr. Frank Churchill -are to be married, and that they have been privately engaged to one -another this long while. How very odd!" - -It was, indeed, so odd; Harriet's behaviour was so extremely odd, -that Emma did not know how to understand it. Her character appeared -absolutely changed. She seemed to propose shewing no agitation, or -disappointment, or peculiar concern in the discovery. Emma looked at -her, quite unable to speak. - -"Had you any idea," cried Harriet, "of his being in love with her?--You, -perhaps, might.--You (blushing as she spoke) who can see into every -body's heart; but nobody else--" - -"Upon my word," said Emma, "I begin to doubt my having any such talent. -Can you seriously ask me, Harriet, whether I imagined him attached -to another woman at the very time that I was--tacitly, if not -openly--encouraging you to give way to your own feelings?--I never -had the slightest suspicion, till within the last hour, of Mr. Frank -Churchill's having the least regard for Jane Fairfax. You may be very -sure that if I had, I should have cautioned you accordingly." - -"Me!" cried Harriet, colouring, and astonished. "Why should you caution -me?--You do not think I care about Mr. Frank Churchill." - -"I am delighted to hear you speak so stoutly on the subject," replied -Emma, smiling; "but you do not mean to deny that there was a time--and -not very distant either--when you gave me reason to understand that you -did care about him?" - -"Him!--never, never. Dear Miss Woodhouse, how could you so mistake me?" -turning away distressed. - -"Harriet!" cried Emma, after a moment's pause--"What do you mean?--Good -Heaven! what do you mean?--Mistake you!--Am I to suppose then?--" - -She could not speak another word.--Her voice was lost; and she sat down, -waiting in great terror till Harriet should answer. - -Harriet, who was standing at some distance, and with face turned from -her, did not immediately say any thing; and when she did speak, it was -in a voice nearly as agitated as Emma's. - -"I should not have thought it possible," she began, "that you could have -misunderstood me! I know we agreed never to name him--but considering -how infinitely superior he is to every body else, I should not have -thought it possible that I could be supposed to mean any other person. -Mr. Frank Churchill, indeed! I do not know who would ever look at him in -the company of the other. I hope I have a better taste than to think of -Mr. Frank Churchill, who is like nobody by his side. And that you should -have been so mistaken, is amazing!--I am sure, but for believing that -you entirely approved and meant to encourage me in my attachment, I -should have considered it at first too great a presumption almost, -to dare to think of him. At first, if you had not told me that more -wonderful things had happened; that there had been matches of greater -disparity (those were your very words);--I should not have dared to -give way to--I should not have thought it possible--But if _you_, who -had been always acquainted with him--" - -"Harriet!" cried Emma, collecting herself resolutely--"Let us understand -each other now, without the possibility of farther mistake. Are you -speaking of--Mr. Knightley?" - -"To be sure I am. I never could have an idea of any body else--and so -I thought you knew. When we talked about him, it was as clear as -possible." - -"Not quite," returned Emma, with forced calmness, "for all that you then -said, appeared to me to relate to a different person. I could almost -assert that you had _named_ Mr. Frank Churchill. I am sure the service -Mr. Frank Churchill had rendered you, in protecting you from the -gipsies, was spoken of." - -"Oh! Miss Woodhouse, how you do forget!" - -"My dear Harriet, I perfectly remember the substance of what I said on -the occasion. I told you that I did not wonder at your attachment; -that considering the service he had rendered you, it was extremely -natural:--and you agreed to it, expressing yourself very warmly as to -your sense of that service, and mentioning even what your sensations had -been in seeing him come forward to your rescue.--The impression of it is -strong on my memory." - -"Oh, dear," cried Harriet, "now I recollect what you mean; but I -was thinking of something very different at the time. It was not the -gipsies--it was not Mr. Frank Churchill that I meant. No! (with some -elevation) I was thinking of a much more precious circumstance--of Mr. -Knightley's coming and asking me to dance, when Mr. Elton would not -stand up with me; and when there was no other partner in the room. That -was the kind action; that was the noble benevolence and generosity; that -was the service which made me begin to feel how superior he was to every -other being upon earth." - -"Good God!" cried Emma, "this has been a most unfortunate--most -deplorable mistake!--What is to be done?" - -"You would not have encouraged me, then, if you had understood me? At -least, however, I cannot be worse off than I should have been, if the -other had been the person; and now--it _is_ possible--" - -She paused a few moments. Emma could not speak. - -"I do not wonder, Miss Woodhouse," she resumed, "that you should feel a -great difference between the two, as to me or as to any body. You must -think one five hundred million times more above me than the other. But -I hope, Miss Woodhouse, that supposing--that if--strange as it may -appear--. But you know they were your own words, that _more_ wonderful -things had happened, matches of _greater_ disparity had taken place than -between Mr. Frank Churchill and me; and, therefore, it seems as if such -a thing even as this, may have occurred before--and if I should be so -fortunate, beyond expression, as to--if Mr. Knightley should really--if -_he_ does not mind the disparity, I hope, dear Miss Woodhouse, you will -not set yourself against it, and try to put difficulties in the way. But -you are too good for that, I am sure." - -Harriet was standing at one of the windows. Emma turned round to look at -her in consternation, and hastily said, - -"Have you any idea of Mr. Knightley's returning your affection?" - -"Yes," replied Harriet modestly, but not fearfully--"I must say that I -have." - -Emma's eyes were instantly withdrawn; and she sat silently meditating, -in a fixed attitude, for a few minutes. A few minutes were sufficient -for making her acquainted with her own heart. A mind like hers, -once opening to suspicion, made rapid progress. She touched--she -admitted--she acknowledged the whole truth. Why was it so much worse -that Harriet should be in love with Mr. Knightley, than with Frank -Churchill? Why was the evil so dreadfully increased by Harriet's having -some hope of a return? It darted through her, with the speed of an -arrow, that Mr. Knightley must marry no one but herself! - -Her own conduct, as well as her own heart, was before her in the same -few minutes. She saw it all with a clearness which had never blessed -her before. How improperly had she been acting by Harriet! How -inconsiderate, how indelicate, how irrational, how unfeeling had been -her conduct! What blindness, what madness, had led her on! It struck her -with dreadful force, and she was ready to give it every bad name in the -world. Some portion of respect for herself, however, in spite of all -these demerits--some concern for her own appearance, and a strong sense -of justice by Harriet--(there would be no need of _compassion_ to the -girl who believed herself loved by Mr. Knightley--but justice required -that she should not be made unhappy by any coldness now,) gave Emma the -resolution to sit and endure farther with calmness, with even apparent -kindness.--For her own advantage indeed, it was fit that the utmost -extent of Harriet's hopes should be enquired into; and Harriet had done -nothing to forfeit the regard and interest which had been so voluntarily -formed and maintained--or to deserve to be slighted by the person, whose -counsels had never led her right.--Rousing from reflection, therefore, -and subduing her emotion, she turned to Harriet again, and, in a more -inviting accent, renewed the conversation; for as to the subject which -had first introduced it, the wonderful story of Jane Fairfax, that was -quite sunk and lost.--Neither of them thought but of Mr. Knightley and -themselves. - -Harriet, who had been standing in no unhappy reverie, was yet very glad -to be called from it, by the now encouraging manner of such a judge, and -such a friend as Miss Woodhouse, and only wanted invitation, to give -the history of her hopes with great, though trembling delight.--Emma's -tremblings as she asked, and as she listened, were better concealed than -Harriet's, but they were not less. Her voice was not unsteady; but her -mind was in all the perturbation that such a development of self, such -a burst of threatening evil, such a confusion of sudden and perplexing -emotions, must create.--She listened with much inward suffering, but -with great outward patience, to Harriet's detail.--Methodical, or well -arranged, or very well delivered, it could not be expected to be; but it -contained, when separated from all the feebleness and tautology of -the narration, a substance to sink her spirit--especially with the -corroborating circumstances, which her own memory brought in favour of -Mr. Knightley's most improved opinion of Harriet. - -Harriet had been conscious of a difference in his behaviour ever since -those two decisive dances.--Emma knew that he had, on that occasion, -found her much superior to his expectation. From that evening, or at -least from the time of Miss Woodhouse's encouraging her to think of him, -Harriet had begun to be sensible of his talking to her much more than he -had been used to do, and of his having indeed quite a different manner -towards her; a manner of kindness and sweetness!--Latterly she had been -more and more aware of it. When they had been all walking together, -he had so often come and walked by her, and talked so very -delightfully!--He seemed to want to be acquainted with her. Emma knew it -to have been very much the case. She had often observed the change, to -almost the same extent.--Harriet repeated expressions of approbation -and praise from him--and Emma felt them to be in the closest agreement -with what she had known of his opinion of Harriet. He praised her for -being without art or affectation, for having simple, honest, generous, -feelings.--She knew that he saw such recommendations in Harriet; he -had dwelt on them to her more than once.--Much that lived in Harriet's -memory, many little particulars of the notice she had received from -him, a look, a speech, a removal from one chair to another, a compliment -implied, a preference inferred, had been unnoticed, because unsuspected, -by Emma. Circumstances that might swell to half an hour's relation, -and contained multiplied proofs to her who had seen them, had passed -undiscerned by her who now heard them; but the two latest occurrences to -be mentioned, the two of strongest promise to Harriet, were not without -some degree of witness from Emma herself.--The first, was his walking -with her apart from the others, in the lime-walk at Donwell, where they -had been walking some time before Emma came, and he had taken pains (as -she was convinced) to draw her from the rest to himself--and at first, -he had talked to her in a more particular way than he had ever done -before, in a very particular way indeed!--(Harriet could not recall -it without a blush.) He seemed to be almost asking her, whether her -affections were engaged.--But as soon as she (Miss Woodhouse) appeared -likely to join them, he changed the subject, and began talking about -farming:--The second, was his having sat talking with her nearly half -an hour before Emma came back from her visit, the very last morning of -his being at Hartfield--though, when he first came in, he had said that -he could not stay five minutes--and his having told her, during their -conversation, that though he must go to London, it was very much against -his inclination that he left home at all, which was much more (as -Emma felt) than he had acknowledged to _her_. The superior degree of -confidence towards Harriet, which this one article marked, gave her -severe pain. - -On the subject of the first of the two circumstances, she did, after a -little reflection, venture the following question. "Might he not?--Is -not it possible, that when enquiring, as you thought, into the state of -your affections, he might be alluding to Mr. Martin--he might have -Mr. Martin's interest in view? But Harriet rejected the suspicion with -spirit. - -"Mr. Martin! No indeed!--There was not a hint of Mr. Martin. I hope I -know better now, than to care for Mr. Martin, or to be suspected of it." - -When Harriet had closed her evidence, she appealed to her dear Miss -Woodhouse, to say whether she had not good ground for hope. - -"I never should have presumed to think of it at first," said she, "but -for you. You told me to observe him carefully, and let his behaviour -be the rule of mine--and so I have. But now I seem to feel that I may -deserve him; and that if he does chuse me, it will not be any thing so -very wonderful." - -The bitter feelings occasioned by this speech, the many bitter feelings, -made the utmost exertion necessary on Emma's side, to enable her to say -on reply, - -"Harriet, I will only venture to declare, that Mr. Knightley is the last -man in the world, who would intentionally give any woman the idea of his -feeling for her more than he really does." - -Harriet seemed ready to worship her friend for a sentence so -satisfactory; and Emma was only saved from raptures and fondness, which -at that moment would have been dreadful penance, by the sound of her -father's footsteps. He was coming through the hall. Harriet was too -much agitated to encounter him. "She could not compose herself-- -Mr. Woodhouse would be alarmed--she had better go;"--with most ready -encouragement from her friend, therefore, she passed off through another -door--and the moment she was gone, this was the spontaneous burst of -Emma's feelings: "Oh God! that I had never seen her!" - -The rest of the day, the following night, were hardly enough for her -thoughts.--She was bewildered amidst the confusion of all that had -rushed on her within the last few hours. Every moment had brought a -fresh surprize; and every surprize must be matter of humiliation to -her.--How to understand it all! How to understand the deceptions she had -been thus practising on herself, and living under!--The blunders, the -blindness of her own head and heart!--she sat still, she walked about, -she tried her own room, she tried the shrubbery--in every place, every -posture, she perceived that she had acted most weakly; that she had -been imposed on by others in a most mortifying degree; that she had -been imposing on herself in a degree yet more mortifying; that she -was wretched, and should probably find this day but the beginning of -wretchedness. - -To understand, thoroughly understand her own heart, was the first -endeavour. To that point went every leisure moment which her father's -claims on her allowed, and every moment of involuntary absence of mind. - -How long had Mr. Knightley been so dear to her, as every feeling -declared him now to be? When had his influence, such influence begun?-- -When had he succeeded to that place in her affection, which Frank -Churchill had once, for a short period, occupied?--She looked back; -she compared the two--compared them, as they had always stood in her -estimation, from the time of the latter's becoming known to her--and as -they must at any time have been compared by her, had it--oh! had it, by -any blessed felicity, occurred to her, to institute the comparison.--She -saw that there never had been a time when she did not consider Mr. -Knightley as infinitely the superior, or when his regard for her had not -been infinitely the most dear. She saw, that in persuading herself, -in fancying, in acting to the contrary, she had been entirely under a -delusion, totally ignorant of her own heart--and, in short, that she had -never really cared for Frank Churchill at all! - -This was the conclusion of the first series of reflection. This was -the knowledge of herself, on the first question of inquiry, which -she reached; and without being long in reaching it.--She was most -sorrowfully indignant; ashamed of every sensation but the one revealed -to her--her affection for Mr. Knightley.--Every other part of her mind -was disgusting. - -With insufferable vanity had she believed herself in the secret of every -body's feelings; with unpardonable arrogance proposed to arrange every -body's destiny. She was proved to have been universally mistaken; and -she had not quite done nothing--for she had done mischief. She had -brought evil on Harriet, on herself, and she too much feared, on Mr. -Knightley.--Were this most unequal of all connexions to take place, on -her must rest all the reproach of having given it a beginning; for his -attachment, she must believe to be produced only by a consciousness of -Harriet's;--and even were this not the case, he would never have known -Harriet at all but for her folly. - -Mr. Knightley and Harriet Smith!--It was a union to distance every -wonder of the kind.--The attachment of Frank Churchill and Jane Fairfax -became commonplace, threadbare, stale in the comparison, exciting no -surprize, presenting no disparity, affording nothing to be said or -thought.--Mr. Knightley and Harriet Smith!--Such an elevation on her -side! Such a debasement on his! It was horrible to Emma to think how it -must sink him in the general opinion, to foresee the smiles, the sneers, -the merriment it would prompt at his expense; the mortification and -disdain of his brother, the thousand inconveniences to himself.--Could -it be?--No; it was impossible. And yet it was far, very far, from -impossible.--Was it a new circumstance for a man of first-rate abilities -to be captivated by very inferior powers? Was it new for one, perhaps -too busy to seek, to be the prize of a girl who would seek him?--Was -it new for any thing in this world to be unequal, inconsistent, -incongruous--or for chance and circumstance (as second causes) to direct -the human fate? - -Oh! had she never brought Harriet forward! Had she left her where she -ought, and where he had told her she ought!--Had she not, with a -folly which no tongue could express, prevented her marrying the -unexceptionable young man who would have made her happy and respectable -in the line of life to which she ought to belong--all would have been -safe; none of this dreadful sequel would have been. - -How Harriet could ever have had the presumption to raise her thoughts to -Mr. Knightley!--How she could dare to fancy herself the chosen of such -a man till actually assured of it!--But Harriet was less humble, had -fewer scruples than formerly.--Her inferiority, whether of mind or -situation, seemed little felt.--She had seemed more sensible of Mr. -Elton's being to stoop in marrying her, than she now seemed of Mr. -Knightley's.--Alas! was not that her own doing too? Who had been at -pains to give Harriet notions of self-consequence but herself?--Who but -herself had taught her, that she was to elevate herself if possible, -and that her claims were great to a high worldly establishment?--If -Harriet, from being humble, were grown vain, it was her doing too. - - - -CHAPTER XII - - -Till now that she was threatened with its loss, Emma had never known -how much of her happiness depended on being _first_ with Mr. Knightley, -first in interest and affection.--Satisfied that it was so, and feeling -it her due, she had enjoyed it without reflection; and only in the -dread of being supplanted, found how inexpressibly important it had -been.--Long, very long, she felt she had been first; for, having no -female connexions of his own, there had been only Isabella whose claims -could be compared with hers, and she had always known exactly how far -he loved and esteemed Isabella. She had herself been first with him for -many years past. She had not deserved it; she had often been negligent -or perverse, slighting his advice, or even wilfully opposing him, -insensible of half his merits, and quarrelling with him because he would -not acknowledge her false and insolent estimate of her own--but still, -from family attachment and habit, and thorough excellence of mind, he -had loved her, and watched over her from a girl, with an endeavour to -improve her, and an anxiety for her doing right, which no other creature -had at all shared. In spite of all her faults, she knew she was dear -to him; might she not say, very dear?--When the suggestions of hope, -however, which must follow here, presented themselves, she could not -presume to indulge them. Harriet Smith might think herself not unworthy -of being peculiarly, exclusively, passionately loved by Mr. Knightley. -_She_ could not. She could not flatter herself with any idea of -blindness in his attachment to _her_. She had received a very recent -proof of its impartiality.--How shocked had he been by her behaviour to -Miss Bates! How directly, how strongly had he expressed himself to her -on the subject!--Not too strongly for the offence--but far, far too -strongly to issue from any feeling softer than upright justice and -clear-sighted goodwill.--She had no hope, nothing to deserve the name -of hope, that he could have that sort of affection for herself which was -now in question; but there was a hope (at times a slight one, at -times much stronger,) that Harriet might have deceived herself, and be -overrating his regard for _her_.--Wish it she must, for his sake--be the -consequence nothing to herself, but his remaining single all his life. -Could she be secure of that, indeed, of his never marrying at all, she -believed she should be perfectly satisfied.--Let him but continue the -same Mr. Knightley to her and her father, the same Mr. Knightley to -all the world; let Donwell and Hartfield lose none of their precious -intercourse of friendship and confidence, and her peace would be -fully secured.--Marriage, in fact, would not do for her. It would be -incompatible with what she owed to her father, and with what she felt -for him. Nothing should separate her from her father. She would not -marry, even if she were asked by Mr. Knightley. - -It must be her ardent wish that Harriet might be disappointed; and she -hoped, that when able to see them together again, she might at least -be able to ascertain what the chances for it were.--She should see them -henceforward with the closest observance; and wretchedly as she had -hitherto misunderstood even those she was watching, she did not know how -to admit that she could be blinded here.--He was expected back every -day. The power of observation would be soon given--frightfully soon it -appeared when her thoughts were in one course. In the meanwhile, she -resolved against seeing Harriet.--It would do neither of them good, -it would do the subject no good, to be talking of it farther.--She was -resolved not to be convinced, as long as she could doubt, and yet had -no authority for opposing Harriet's confidence. To talk would be only to -irritate.--She wrote to her, therefore, kindly, but decisively, to beg -that she would not, at present, come to Hartfield; acknowledging it to -be her conviction, that all farther confidential discussion of _one_ -topic had better be avoided; and hoping, that if a few days were allowed -to pass before they met again, except in the company of others--she -objected only to a tete-a-tete--they might be able to act as if they -had forgotten the conversation of yesterday.--Harriet submitted, and -approved, and was grateful. - -This point was just arranged, when a visitor arrived to tear Emma's -thoughts a little from the one subject which had engrossed them, -sleeping or waking, the last twenty-four hours--Mrs. Weston, who had -been calling on her daughter-in-law elect, and took Hartfield in her -way home, almost as much in duty to Emma as in pleasure to herself, to -relate all the particulars of so interesting an interview. - -Mr. Weston had accompanied her to Mrs. Bates's, and gone through his -share of this essential attention most handsomely; but she having then -induced Miss Fairfax to join her in an airing, was now returned with -much more to say, and much more to say with satisfaction, than a quarter -of an hour spent in Mrs. Bates's parlour, with all the encumbrance of -awkward feelings, could have afforded. - -A little curiosity Emma had; and she made the most of it while her -friend related. Mrs. Weston had set off to pay the visit in a good deal -of agitation herself; and in the first place had wished not to go at all -at present, to be allowed merely to write to Miss Fairfax instead, and -to defer this ceremonious call till a little time had passed, and Mr. -Churchill could be reconciled to the engagement's becoming known; as, -considering every thing, she thought such a visit could not be paid -without leading to reports:--but Mr. Weston had thought differently; he -was extremely anxious to shew his approbation to Miss Fairfax and her -family, and did not conceive that any suspicion could be excited by it; -or if it were, that it would be of any consequence; for "such things," -he observed, "always got about." Emma smiled, and felt that Mr. Weston -had very good reason for saying so. They had gone, in short--and very -great had been the evident distress and confusion of the lady. She had -hardly been able to speak a word, and every look and action had shewn -how deeply she was suffering from consciousness. The quiet, heart-felt -satisfaction of the old lady, and the rapturous delight of her -daughter--who proved even too joyous to talk as usual, had been a -gratifying, yet almost an affecting, scene. They were both so truly -respectable in their happiness, so disinterested in every sensation; -thought so much of Jane; so much of every body, and so little of -themselves, that every kindly feeling was at work for them. Miss -Fairfax's recent illness had offered a fair plea for Mrs. Weston to -invite her to an airing; she had drawn back and declined at first, but, -on being pressed had yielded; and, in the course of their drive, -Mrs. Weston had, by gentle encouragement, overcome so much of her -embarrassment, as to bring her to converse on the important subject. -Apologies for her seemingly ungracious silence in their first reception, -and the warmest expressions of the gratitude she was always feeling -towards herself and Mr. Weston, must necessarily open the cause; but -when these effusions were put by, they had talked a good deal of the -present and of the future state of the engagement. Mrs. Weston was -convinced that such conversation must be the greatest relief to her -companion, pent up within her own mind as every thing had so long been, -and was very much pleased with all that she had said on the subject. - -"On the misery of what she had suffered, during the concealment of so -many months," continued Mrs. Weston, "she was energetic. This was one -of her expressions. 'I will not say, that since I entered into the -engagement I have not had some happy moments; but I can say, that I have -never known the blessing of one tranquil hour:'--and the quivering lip, -Emma, which uttered it, was an attestation that I felt at my heart." - -"Poor girl!" said Emma. "She thinks herself wrong, then, for having -consented to a private engagement?" - -"Wrong! No one, I believe, can blame her more than she is disposed -to blame herself. 'The consequence,' said she, 'has been a state of -perpetual suffering to me; and so it ought. But after all the punishment -that misconduct can bring, it is still not less misconduct. Pain is no -expiation. I never can be blameless. I have been acting contrary to all -my sense of right; and the fortunate turn that every thing has taken, -and the kindness I am now receiving, is what my conscience tells me -ought not to be.' 'Do not imagine, madam,' she continued, 'that I was -taught wrong. Do not let any reflection fall on the principles or the -care of the friends who brought me up. The error has been all my own; -and I do assure you that, with all the excuse that present circumstances -may appear to give, I shall yet dread making the story known to Colonel -Campbell.'" - -"Poor girl!" said Emma again. "She loves him then excessively, I -suppose. It must have been from attachment only, that she could be -led to form the engagement. Her affection must have overpowered her -judgment." - -"Yes, I have no doubt of her being extremely attached to him." - -"I am afraid," returned Emma, sighing, "that I must often have -contributed to make her unhappy." - -"On your side, my love, it was very innocently done. But she -probably had something of that in her thoughts, when alluding to the -misunderstandings which he had given us hints of before. One natural -consequence of the evil she had involved herself in," she said, "was -that of making her _unreasonable_. The consciousness of having done -amiss, had exposed her to a thousand inquietudes, and made her captious -and irritable to a degree that must have been--that had been--hard for -him to bear. 'I did not make the allowances,' said she, 'which I ought -to have done, for his temper and spirits--his delightful spirits, and -that gaiety, that playfulness of disposition, which, under any other -circumstances, would, I am sure, have been as constantly bewitching to -me, as they were at first.' She then began to speak of you, and of the -great kindness you had shewn her during her illness; and with a blush -which shewed me how it was all connected, desired me, whenever I had -an opportunity, to thank you--I could not thank you too much--for every -wish and every endeavour to do her good. She was sensible that you had -never received any proper acknowledgment from herself." - -"If I did not know her to be happy now," said Emma, seriously, "which, -in spite of every little drawback from her scrupulous conscience, she -must be, I could not bear these thanks;--for, oh! Mrs. Weston, if there -were an account drawn up of the evil and the good I have done Miss -Fairfax!--Well (checking herself, and trying to be more lively), this -is all to be forgotten. You are very kind to bring me these interesting -particulars. They shew her to the greatest advantage. I am sure she is -very good--I hope she will be very happy. It is fit that the fortune -should be on his side, for I think the merit will be all on hers." - -Such a conclusion could not pass unanswered by Mrs. Weston. She thought -well of Frank in almost every respect; and, what was more, she loved him -very much, and her defence was, therefore, earnest. She talked with a -great deal of reason, and at least equal affection--but she had too much -to urge for Emma's attention; it was soon gone to Brunswick Square or -to Donwell; she forgot to attempt to listen; and when Mrs. Weston ended -with, "We have not yet had the letter we are so anxious for, you know, -but I hope it will soon come," she was obliged to pause before she -answered, and at last obliged to answer at random, before she could at -all recollect what letter it was which they were so anxious for. - -"Are you well, my Emma?" was Mrs. Weston's parting question. - -"Oh! perfectly. I am always well, you know. Be sure to give me -intelligence of the letter as soon as possible." - -Mrs. Weston's communications furnished Emma with more food for -unpleasant reflection, by increasing her esteem and compassion, and her -sense of past injustice towards Miss Fairfax. She bitterly regretted -not having sought a closer acquaintance with her, and blushed for the -envious feelings which had certainly been, in some measure, the cause. -Had she followed Mr. Knightley's known wishes, in paying that attention -to Miss Fairfax, which was every way her due; had she tried to know her -better; had she done her part towards intimacy; had she endeavoured -to find a friend there instead of in Harriet Smith; she must, in all -probability, have been spared from every pain which pressed on her -now.--Birth, abilities, and education, had been equally marking one as -an associate for her, to be received with gratitude; and the other--what -was she?--Supposing even that they had never become intimate friends; -that she had never been admitted into Miss Fairfax's confidence on this -important matter--which was most probable--still, in knowing her as -she ought, and as she might, she must have been preserved from the -abominable suspicions of an improper attachment to Mr. Dixon, which she -had not only so foolishly fashioned and harboured herself, but had so -unpardonably imparted; an idea which she greatly feared had been made a -subject of material distress to the delicacy of Jane's feelings, by the -levity or carelessness of Frank Churchill's. Of all the sources of evil -surrounding the former, since her coming to Highbury, she was persuaded -that she must herself have been the worst. She must have been a -perpetual enemy. They never could have been all three together, without -her having stabbed Jane Fairfax's peace in a thousand instances; and on -Box Hill, perhaps, it had been the agony of a mind that would bear no -more. - -The evening of this day was very long, and melancholy, at Hartfield. -The weather added what it could of gloom. A cold stormy rain set in, and -nothing of July appeared but in the trees and shrubs, which the wind was -despoiling, and the length of the day, which only made such cruel sights -the longer visible. - -The weather affected Mr. Woodhouse, and he could only be kept tolerably -comfortable by almost ceaseless attention on his daughter's side, and by -exertions which had never cost her half so much before. It reminded -her of their first forlorn tete-a-tete, on the evening of Mrs. Weston's -wedding-day; but Mr. Knightley had walked in then, soon after tea, -and dissipated every melancholy fancy. Alas! such delightful proofs of -Hartfield's attraction, as those sort of visits conveyed, might shortly -be over. The picture which she had then drawn of the privations of the -approaching winter, had proved erroneous; no friends had deserted them, -no pleasures had been lost.--But her present forebodings she feared -would experience no similar contradiction. The prospect before her now, -was threatening to a degree that could not be entirely dispelled--that -might not be even partially brightened. If all took place that -might take place among the circle of her friends, Hartfield must be -comparatively deserted; and she left to cheer her father with the -spirits only of ruined happiness. - -The child to be born at Randalls must be a tie there even dearer than -herself; and Mrs. Weston's heart and time would be occupied by it. -They should lose her; and, probably, in great measure, her husband -also.--Frank Churchill would return among them no more; and Miss -Fairfax, it was reasonable to suppose, would soon cease to belong to -Highbury. They would be married, and settled either at or near Enscombe. -All that were good would be withdrawn; and if to these losses, the -loss of Donwell were to be added, what would remain of cheerful or -of rational society within their reach? Mr. Knightley to be no longer -coming there for his evening comfort!--No longer walking in at all -hours, as if ever willing to change his own home for their's!--How was -it to be endured? And if he were to be lost to them for Harriet's sake; -if he were to be thought of hereafter, as finding in Harriet's society -all that he wanted; if Harriet were to be the chosen, the first, -the dearest, the friend, the wife to whom he looked for all the best -blessings of existence; what could be increasing Emma's wretchedness but -the reflection never far distant from her mind, that it had been all her -own work? - -When it came to such a pitch as this, she was not able to refrain from -a start, or a heavy sigh, or even from walking about the room for a -few seconds--and the only source whence any thing like consolation -or composure could be drawn, was in the resolution of her own better -conduct, and the hope that, however inferior in spirit and gaiety might -be the following and every future winter of her life to the past, it -would yet find her more rational, more acquainted with herself, and -leave her less to regret when it were gone. - - - -CHAPTER XIII - - -The weather continued much the same all the following morning; and -the same loneliness, and the same melancholy, seemed to reign at -Hartfield--but in the afternoon it cleared; the wind changed into a -softer quarter; the clouds were carried off; the sun appeared; it was -summer again. With all the eagerness which such a transition gives, Emma -resolved to be out of doors as soon as possible. Never had the exquisite -sight, smell, sensation of nature, tranquil, warm, and brilliant after -a storm, been more attractive to her. She longed for the serenity they -might gradually introduce; and on Mr. Perry's coming in soon after -dinner, with a disengaged hour to give her father, she lost no time -ill hurrying into the shrubbery.--There, with spirits freshened, and -thoughts a little relieved, she had taken a few turns, when she saw Mr. -Knightley passing through the garden door, and coming towards her.--It -was the first intimation of his being returned from London. She had -been thinking of him the moment before, as unquestionably sixteen miles -distant.--There was time only for the quickest arrangement of mind. She -must be collected and calm. In half a minute they were together. The -"How d'ye do's" were quiet and constrained on each side. She asked after -their mutual friends; they were all well.--When had he left them?--Only -that morning. He must have had a wet ride.--Yes.--He meant to walk with -her, she found. "He had just looked into the dining-room, and as he was -not wanted there, preferred being out of doors."--She thought he neither -looked nor spoke cheerfully; and the first possible cause for it, -suggested by her fears, was, that he had perhaps been communicating his -plans to his brother, and was pained by the manner in which they had -been received. - -They walked together. He was silent. She thought he was often looking -at her, and trying for a fuller view of her face than it suited her to -give. And this belief produced another dread. Perhaps he wanted to -speak to her, of his attachment to Harriet; he might be watching for -encouragement to begin.--She did not, could not, feel equal to lead the -way to any such subject. He must do it all himself. Yet she could -not bear this silence. With him it was most unnatural. She -considered--resolved--and, trying to smile, began-- - -"You have some news to hear, now you are come back, that will rather -surprize you." - -"Have I?" said he quietly, and looking at her; "of what nature?" - -"Oh! the best nature in the world--a wedding." - -After waiting a moment, as if to be sure she intended to say no more, he -replied, - -"If you mean Miss Fairfax and Frank Churchill, I have heard that -already." - -"How is it possible?" cried Emma, turning her glowing cheeks towards -him; for, while she spoke, it occurred to her that he might have called -at Mrs. Goddard's in his way. - -"I had a few lines on parish business from Mr. Weston this morning, and -at the end of them he gave me a brief account of what had happened." - -Emma was quite relieved, and could presently say, with a little more -composure, - -"_You_ probably have been less surprized than any of us, for you have -had your suspicions.--I have not forgotten that you once tried to give -me a caution.--I wish I had attended to it--but--(with a sinking voice -and a heavy sigh) I seem to have been doomed to blindness." - -For a moment or two nothing was said, and she was unsuspicious of having -excited any particular interest, till she found her arm drawn within -his, and pressed against his heart, and heard him thus saying, in a tone -of great sensibility, speaking low, - -"Time, my dearest Emma, time will heal the wound.--Your own excellent -sense--your exertions for your father's sake--I know you will not allow -yourself--." Her arm was pressed again, as he added, in a more -broken and subdued accent, "The feelings of the warmest -friendship--Indignation--Abominable scoundrel!"--And in a louder, -steadier tone, he concluded with, "He will soon be gone. They will soon -be in Yorkshire. I am sorry for _her_. She deserves a better fate." - -Emma understood him; and as soon as she could recover from the flutter -of pleasure, excited by such tender consideration, replied, - -"You are very kind--but you are mistaken--and I must set you right.-- -I am not in want of that sort of compassion. My blindness to what was -going on, led me to act by them in a way that I must always be ashamed -of, and I was very foolishly tempted to say and do many things which may -well lay me open to unpleasant conjectures, but I have no other reason -to regret that I was not in the secret earlier." - -"Emma!" cried he, looking eagerly at her, "are you, indeed?"--but -checking himself--"No, no, I understand you--forgive me--I am pleased -that you can say even so much.--He is no object of regret, indeed! and -it will not be very long, I hope, before that becomes the acknowledgment -of more than your reason.--Fortunate that your affections were not -farther entangled!--I could never, I confess, from your manners, assure -myself as to the degree of what you felt--I could only be certain that -there was a preference--and a preference which I never believed him to -deserve.--He is a disgrace to the name of man.--And is he to be rewarded -with that sweet young woman?--Jane, Jane, you will be a miserable -creature." - -"Mr. Knightley," said Emma, trying to be lively, but really confused--"I -am in a very extraordinary situation. I cannot let you continue in your -error; and yet, perhaps, since my manners gave such an impression, I -have as much reason to be ashamed of confessing that I never have been -at all attached to the person we are speaking of, as it might be natural -for a woman to feel in confessing exactly the reverse.--But I never -have." - -He listened in perfect silence. She wished him to speak, but he would -not. She supposed she must say more before she were entitled to his -clemency; but it was a hard case to be obliged still to lower herself in -his opinion. She went on, however. - -"I have very little to say for my own conduct.--I was tempted by his -attentions, and allowed myself to appear pleased.--An old story, -probably--a common case--and no more than has happened to hundreds of my -sex before; and yet it may not be the more excusable in one who sets up -as I do for Understanding. Many circumstances assisted the temptation. -He was the son of Mr. Weston--he was continually here--I always found -him very pleasant--and, in short, for (with a sigh) let me swell out the -causes ever so ingeniously, they all centre in this at last--my vanity -was flattered, and I allowed his attentions. Latterly, however--for some -time, indeed--I have had no idea of their meaning any thing.--I thought -them a habit, a trick, nothing that called for seriousness on my side. -He has imposed on me, but he has not injured me. I have never been -attached to him. And now I can tolerably comprehend his behaviour. He -never wished to attach me. It was merely a blind to conceal his real -situation with another.--It was his object to blind all about him; and -no one, I am sure, could be more effectually blinded than myself--except -that I was _not_ blinded--that it was my good fortune--that, in short, I -was somehow or other safe from him." - -She had hoped for an answer here--for a few words to say that her -conduct was at least intelligible; but he was silent; and, as far as she -could judge, deep in thought. At last, and tolerably in his usual tone, -he said, - -"I have never had a high opinion of Frank Churchill.--I can suppose, -however, that I may have underrated him. My acquaintance with him has -been but trifling.--And even if I have not underrated him hitherto, he -may yet turn out well.--With such a woman he has a chance.--I have no -motive for wishing him ill--and for her sake, whose happiness will be -involved in his good character and conduct, I shall certainly wish him -well." - -"I have no doubt of their being happy together," said Emma; "I believe -them to be very mutually and very sincerely attached." - -"He is a most fortunate man!" returned Mr. Knightley, with energy. "So -early in life--at three-and-twenty--a period when, if a man chuses a -wife, he generally chuses ill. At three-and-twenty to have drawn such -a prize! What years of felicity that man, in all human calculation, -has before him!--Assured of the love of such a woman--the disinterested -love, for Jane Fairfax's character vouches for her disinterestedness; -every thing in his favour,--equality of situation--I mean, as far as -regards society, and all the habits and manners that are important; -equality in every point but one--and that one, since the purity of her -heart is not to be doubted, such as must increase his felicity, for it -will be his to bestow the only advantages she wants.--A man would always -wish to give a woman a better home than the one he takes her from; -and he who can do it, where there is no doubt of _her_ regard, must, -I think, be the happiest of mortals.--Frank Churchill is, indeed, the -favourite of fortune. Every thing turns out for his good.--He meets -with a young woman at a watering-place, gains her affection, cannot even -weary her by negligent treatment--and had he and all his family sought -round the world for a perfect wife for him, they could not have found -her superior.--His aunt is in the way.--His aunt dies.--He has only to -speak.--His friends are eager to promote his happiness.--He had used -every body ill--and they are all delighted to forgive him.--He is a -fortunate man indeed!" - -"You speak as if you envied him." - -"And I do envy him, Emma. In one respect he is the object of my envy." - -Emma could say no more. They seemed to be within half a sentence -of Harriet, and her immediate feeling was to avert the subject, if -possible. She made her plan; she would speak of something totally -different--the children in Brunswick Square; and she only waited for -breath to begin, when Mr. Knightley startled her, by saying, - -"You will not ask me what is the point of envy.--You are determined, I -see, to have no curiosity.--You are wise--but _I_ cannot be wise. Emma, -I must tell you what you will not ask, though I may wish it unsaid the -next moment." - -"Oh! then, don't speak it, don't speak it," she eagerly cried. "Take a -little time, consider, do not commit yourself." - -"Thank you," said he, in an accent of deep mortification, and not -another syllable followed. - -Emma could not bear to give him pain. He was wishing to confide in -her--perhaps to consult her;--cost her what it would, she would listen. -She might assist his resolution, or reconcile him to it; she might give -just praise to Harriet, or, by representing to him his own independence, -relieve him from that state of indecision, which must be more -intolerable than any alternative to such a mind as his.--They had -reached the house. - -"You are going in, I suppose?" said he. - -"No,"--replied Emma--quite confirmed by the depressed manner in which -he still spoke--"I should like to take another turn. Mr. Perry is not -gone." And, after proceeding a few steps, she added--"I stopped you -ungraciously, just now, Mr. Knightley, and, I am afraid, gave you -pain.--But if you have any wish to speak openly to me as a friend, or -to ask my opinion of any thing that you may have in contemplation--as -a friend, indeed, you may command me.--I will hear whatever you like. I -will tell you exactly what I think." - -"As a friend!"--repeated Mr. Knightley.--"Emma, that I fear is a -word--No, I have no wish--Stay, yes, why should I hesitate?--I -have gone too far already for concealment.--Emma, I accept your -offer--Extraordinary as it may seem, I accept it, and refer myself to -you as a friend.--Tell me, then, have I no chance of ever succeeding?" - -He stopped in his earnestness to look the question, and the expression -of his eyes overpowered her. - -"My dearest Emma," said he, "for dearest you will always be, whatever -the event of this hour's conversation, my dearest, most beloved -Emma--tell me at once. Say 'No,' if it is to be said."--She could -really say nothing.--"You are silent," he cried, with great animation; -"absolutely silent! at present I ask no more." - -Emma was almost ready to sink under the agitation of this moment. The -dread of being awakened from the happiest dream, was perhaps the most -prominent feeling. - -"I cannot make speeches, Emma:" he soon resumed; and in a tone of -such sincere, decided, intelligible tenderness as was tolerably -convincing.--"If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it -more. But you know what I am.--You hear nothing but truth from me.--I -have blamed you, and lectured you, and you have borne it as no other -woman in England would have borne it.--Bear with the truths I would -tell you now, dearest Emma, as well as you have borne with them. The -manner, perhaps, may have as little to recommend them. God knows, I have -been a very indifferent lover.--But you understand me.--Yes, you see, -you understand my feelings--and will return them if you can. At present, -I ask only to hear, once to hear your voice." - -While he spoke, Emma's mind was most busy, and, with all the wonderful -velocity of thought, had been able--and yet without losing a word--to -catch and comprehend the exact truth of the whole; to see that Harriet's -hopes had been entirely groundless, a mistake, a delusion, as complete a -delusion as any of her own--that Harriet was nothing; that she was every -thing herself; that what she had been saying relative to Harriet -had been all taken as the language of her own feelings; and that her -agitation, her doubts, her reluctance, her discouragement, had been all -received as discouragement from herself.--And not only was there time -for these convictions, with all their glow of attendant happiness; there -was time also to rejoice that Harriet's secret had not escaped her, and -to resolve that it need not, and should not.--It was all the service -she could now render her poor friend; for as to any of that heroism of -sentiment which might have prompted her to entreat him to transfer his -affection from herself to Harriet, as infinitely the most worthy of the -two--or even the more simple sublimity of resolving to refuse him at -once and for ever, without vouchsafing any motive, because he could not -marry them both, Emma had it not. She felt for Harriet, with pain and -with contrition; but no flight of generosity run mad, opposing all that -could be probable or reasonable, entered her brain. She had led her -friend astray, and it would be a reproach to her for ever; but her -judgment was as strong as her feelings, and as strong as it had ever -been before, in reprobating any such alliance for him, as most unequal -and degrading. Her way was clear, though not quite smooth.--She spoke -then, on being so entreated.--What did she say?--Just what she ought, -of course. A lady always does.--She said enough to shew there need not -be despair--and to invite him to say more himself. He _had_ despaired at -one period; he had received such an injunction to caution and silence, -as for the time crushed every hope;--she had begun by refusing to hear -him.--The change had perhaps been somewhat sudden;--her proposal of -taking another turn, her renewing the conversation which she had -just put an end to, might be a little extraordinary!--She felt its -inconsistency; but Mr. Knightley was so obliging as to put up with it, -and seek no farther explanation. - -Seldom, very seldom, does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; -seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, or a -little mistaken; but where, as in this case, though the conduct is -mistaken, the feelings are not, it may not be very material.--Mr. -Knightley could not impute to Emma a more relenting heart than she -possessed, or a heart more disposed to accept of his. - -He had, in fact, been wholly unsuspicious of his own influence. He had -followed her into the shrubbery with no idea of trying it. He had come, -in his anxiety to see how she bore Frank Churchill's engagement, with no -selfish view, no view at all, but of endeavouring, if she allowed him an -opening, to soothe or to counsel her.--The rest had been the work of -the moment, the immediate effect of what he heard, on his feelings. The -delightful assurance of her total indifference towards Frank Churchill, -of her having a heart completely disengaged from him, had given birth -to the hope, that, in time, he might gain her affection himself;--but -it had been no present hope--he had only, in the momentary conquest of -eagerness over judgment, aspired to be told that she did not forbid his -attempt to attach her.--The superior hopes which gradually opened were -so much the more enchanting.--The affection, which he had been asking -to be allowed to create, if he could, was already his!--Within half -an hour, he had passed from a thoroughly distressed state of mind, to -something so like perfect happiness, that it could bear no other name. - -_Her_ change was equal.--This one half-hour had given to each the same -precious certainty of being beloved, had cleared from each the same -degree of ignorance, jealousy, or distrust.--On his side, there had been -a long-standing jealousy, old as the arrival, or even the expectation, -of Frank Churchill.--He had been in love with Emma, and jealous of Frank -Churchill, from about the same period, one sentiment having probably -enlightened him as to the other. It was his jealousy of Frank Churchill -that had taken him from the country.--The Box Hill party had decided -him on going away. He would save himself from witnessing again -such permitted, encouraged attentions.--He had gone to learn to be -indifferent.--But he had gone to a wrong place. There was too much -domestic happiness in his brother's house; woman wore too amiable a form -in it; Isabella was too much like Emma--differing only in those striking -inferiorities, which always brought the other in brilliancy before -him, for much to have been done, even had his time been longer.--He had -stayed on, however, vigorously, day after day--till this very morning's -post had conveyed the history of Jane Fairfax.--Then, with the gladness -which must be felt, nay, which he did not scruple to feel, having never -believed Frank Churchill to be at all deserving Emma, was there so much -fond solicitude, so much keen anxiety for her, that he could stay no -longer. He had ridden home through the rain; and had walked up directly -after dinner, to see how this sweetest and best of all creatures, -faultless in spite of all her faults, bore the discovery. - -He had found her agitated and low.--Frank Churchill was a villain.-- -He heard her declare that she had never loved him. Frank Churchill's -character was not desperate.--She was his own Emma, by hand and word, -when they returned into the house; and if he could have thought of Frank -Churchill then, he might have deemed him a very good sort of fellow. - - - -CHAPTER XIV - - -What totally different feelings did Emma take back into the house from -what she had brought out!--she had then been only daring to hope for -a little respite of suffering;--she was now in an exquisite flutter of -happiness, and such happiness moreover as she believed must still be -greater when the flutter should have passed away. - -They sat down to tea--the same party round the same table--how often -it had been collected!--and how often had her eyes fallen on the same -shrubs in the lawn, and observed the same beautiful effect of the -western sun!--But never in such a state of spirits, never in any thing -like it; and it was with difficulty that she could summon enough of her -usual self to be the attentive lady of the house, or even the attentive -daughter. - -Poor Mr. Woodhouse little suspected what was plotting against him in the -breast of that man whom he was so cordially welcoming, and so anxiously -hoping might not have taken cold from his ride.--Could he have seen the -heart, he would have cared very little for the lungs; but without the -most distant imagination of the impending evil, without the slightest -perception of any thing extraordinary in the looks or ways of either, -he repeated to them very comfortably all the articles of news he had -received from Mr. Perry, and talked on with much self-contentment, -totally unsuspicious of what they could have told him in return. - -As long as Mr. Knightley remained with them, Emma's fever continued; -but when he was gone, she began to be a little tranquillised and -subdued--and in the course of the sleepless night, which was the tax -for such an evening, she found one or two such very serious points -to consider, as made her feel, that even her happiness must have some -alloy. Her father--and Harriet. She could not be alone without feeling -the full weight of their separate claims; and how to guard the comfort -of both to the utmost, was the question. With respect to her father, -it was a question soon answered. She hardly knew yet what Mr. Knightley -would ask; but a very short parley with her own heart produced the most -solemn resolution of never quitting her father.--She even wept over -the idea of it, as a sin of thought. While he lived, it must be only an -engagement; but she flattered herself, that if divested of the danger of -drawing her away, it might become an increase of comfort to him.--How -to do her best by Harriet, was of more difficult decision;--how to spare -her from any unnecessary pain; how to make her any possible atonement; -how to appear least her enemy?--On these subjects, her perplexity -and distress were very great--and her mind had to pass again and -again through every bitter reproach and sorrowful regret that had ever -surrounded it.--She could only resolve at last, that she would still -avoid a meeting with her, and communicate all that need be told by -letter; that it would be inexpressibly desirable to have her removed -just now for a time from Highbury, and--indulging in one scheme -more--nearly resolve, that it might be practicable to get an invitation -for her to Brunswick Square.--Isabella had been pleased with Harriet; -and a few weeks spent in London must give her some amusement.--She did -not think it in Harriet's nature to escape being benefited by novelty -and variety, by the streets, the shops, and the children.--At any rate, -it would be a proof of attention and kindness in herself, from whom -every thing was due; a separation for the present; an averting of the -evil day, when they must all be together again. - -She rose early, and wrote her letter to Harriet; an employment which -left her so very serious, so nearly sad, that Mr. Knightley, in walking -up to Hartfield to breakfast, did not arrive at all too soon; and half -an hour stolen afterwards to go over the same ground again with him, -literally and figuratively, was quite necessary to reinstate her in a -proper share of the happiness of the evening before. - -He had not left her long, by no means long enough for her to have the -slightest inclination for thinking of any body else, when a letter was -brought her from Randalls--a very thick letter;--she guessed what it -must contain, and deprecated the necessity of reading it.--She was now -in perfect charity with Frank Churchill; she wanted no explanations, she -wanted only to have her thoughts to herself--and as for understanding -any thing he wrote, she was sure she was incapable of it.--It must be -waded through, however. She opened the packet; it was too surely so;--a -note from Mrs. Weston to herself, ushered in the letter from Frank to -Mrs. Weston. - -"I have the greatest pleasure, my dear Emma, in forwarding to you the -enclosed. I know what thorough justice you will do it, and have scarcely -a doubt of its happy effect.--I think we shall never materially disagree -about the writer again; but I will not delay you by a long preface.--We -are quite well.--This letter has been the cure of all the little -nervousness I have been feeling lately.--I did not quite like your looks -on Tuesday, but it was an ungenial morning; and though you will never -own being affected by weather, I think every body feels a north-east -wind.--I felt for your dear father very much in the storm of Tuesday -afternoon and yesterday morning, but had the comfort of hearing last -night, by Mr. Perry, that it had not made him ill. - - "Yours ever, - "A. W." - - [To Mrs. Weston.] - - - WINDSOR-JULY. -MY DEAR MADAM, - -"If I made myself intelligible yesterday, this letter will be -expected; but expected or not, I know it will be read with candour and -indulgence.--You are all goodness, and I believe there will be need of -even all your goodness to allow for some parts of my past conduct.--But -I have been forgiven by one who had still more to resent. My courage -rises while I write. It is very difficult for the prosperous to be -humble. I have already met with such success in two applications for -pardon, that I may be in danger of thinking myself too sure of yours, -and of those among your friends who have had any ground of offence.--You -must all endeavour to comprehend the exact nature of my situation when I -first arrived at Randalls; you must consider me as having a secret which -was to be kept at all hazards. This was the fact. My right to place -myself in a situation requiring such concealment, is another question. -I shall not discuss it here. For my temptation to _think_ it a right, -I refer every caviller to a brick house, sashed windows below, and -casements above, in Highbury. I dared not address her openly; my -difficulties in the then state of Enscombe must be too well known to -require definition; and I was fortunate enough to prevail, before we -parted at Weymouth, and to induce the most upright female mind in the -creation to stoop in charity to a secret engagement.--Had she refused, I -should have gone mad.--But you will be ready to say, what was your -hope in doing this?--What did you look forward to?--To any thing, every -thing--to time, chance, circumstance, slow effects, sudden bursts, -perseverance and weariness, health and sickness. Every possibility of -good was before me, and the first of blessings secured, in obtaining her -promises of faith and correspondence. If you need farther explanation, -I have the honour, my dear madam, of being your husband's son, and -the advantage of inheriting a disposition to hope for good, which no -inheritance of houses or lands can ever equal the value of.--See -me, then, under these circumstances, arriving on my first visit to -Randalls;--and here I am conscious of wrong, for that visit might have -been sooner paid. You will look back and see that I did not come till -Miss Fairfax was in Highbury; and as _you_ were the person slighted, you -will forgive me instantly; but I must work on my father's compassion, by -reminding him, that so long as I absented myself from his house, so long -I lost the blessing of knowing you. My behaviour, during the very -happy fortnight which I spent with you, did not, I hope, lay me open to -reprehension, excepting on one point. And now I come to the principal, -the only important part of my conduct while belonging to you, which -excites my own anxiety, or requires very solicitous explanation. With -the greatest respect, and the warmest friendship, do I mention Miss -Woodhouse; my father perhaps will think I ought to add, with the deepest -humiliation.--A few words which dropped from him yesterday spoke his -opinion, and some censure I acknowledge myself liable to.--My behaviour -to Miss Woodhouse indicated, I believe, more than it ought.--In order to -assist a concealment so essential to me, I was led on to make more than -an allowable use of the sort of intimacy into which we were immediately -thrown.--I cannot deny that Miss Woodhouse was my ostensible object--but -I am sure you will believe the declaration, that had I not been -convinced of her indifference, I would not have been induced by any -selfish views to go on.--Amiable and delightful as Miss Woodhouse is, -she never gave me the idea of a young woman likely to be attached; and -that she was perfectly free from any tendency to being attached to me, -was as much my conviction as my wish.--She received my attentions with -an easy, friendly, goodhumoured playfulness, which exactly suited me. -We seemed to understand each other. From our relative situation, those -attentions were her due, and were felt to be so.--Whether Miss Woodhouse -began really to understand me before the expiration of that fortnight, -I cannot say;--when I called to take leave of her, I remember that I was -within a moment of confessing the truth, and I then fancied she was not -without suspicion; but I have no doubt of her having since detected me, -at least in some degree.--She may not have surmised the whole, but her -quickness must have penetrated a part. I cannot doubt it. You will find, -whenever the subject becomes freed from its present restraints, that it -did not take her wholly by surprize. She frequently gave me hints of it. -I remember her telling me at the ball, that I owed Mrs. Elton gratitude -for her attentions to Miss Fairfax.--I hope this history of my conduct -towards her will be admitted by you and my father as great extenuation -of what you saw amiss. While you considered me as having sinned against -Emma Woodhouse, I could deserve nothing from either. Acquit me here, and -procure for me, when it is allowable, the acquittal and good wishes -of that said Emma Woodhouse, whom I regard with so much brotherly -affection, as to long to have her as deeply and as happily in love as -myself.--Whatever strange things I said or did during that fortnight, -you have now a key to. My heart was in Highbury, and my business was to -get my body thither as often as might be, and with the least suspicion. -If you remember any queernesses, set them all to the right account.--Of -the pianoforte so much talked of, I feel it only necessary to say, that -its being ordered was absolutely unknown to Miss F--, who would never -have allowed me to send it, had any choice been given her.--The -delicacy of her mind throughout the whole engagement, my dear madam, -is much beyond my power of doing justice to. You will soon, I earnestly -hope, know her thoroughly yourself.--No description can describe her. -She must tell you herself what she is--yet not by word, for never -was there a human creature who would so designedly suppress her own -merit.--Since I began this letter, which will be longer than I foresaw, -I have heard from her.--She gives a good account of her own health; but -as she never complains, I dare not depend. I want to have your opinion -of her looks. I know you will soon call on her; she is living in dread -of the visit. Perhaps it is paid already. Let me hear from you without -delay; I am impatient for a thousand particulars. Remember how few -minutes I was at Randalls, and in how bewildered, how mad a state: and -I am not much better yet; still insane either from happiness or -misery. When I think of the kindness and favour I have met with, of her -excellence and patience, and my uncle's generosity, I am mad with joy: -but when I recollect all the uneasiness I occasioned her, and how little -I deserve to be forgiven, I am mad with anger. If I could but see her -again!--But I must not propose it yet. My uncle has been too good for me -to encroach.--I must still add to this long letter. You have not heard -all that you ought to hear. I could not give any connected detail -yesterday; but the suddenness, and, in one light, the unseasonableness -with which the affair burst out, needs explanation; for though the event -of the 26th ult., as you will conclude, immediately opened to me the -happiest prospects, I should not have presumed on such early measures, -but from the very particular circumstances, which left me not an hour to -lose. I should myself have shrunk from any thing so hasty, and she -would have felt every scruple of mine with multiplied strength and -refinement.--But I had no choice. The hasty engagement she had entered -into with that woman--Here, my dear madam, I was obliged to leave off -abruptly, to recollect and compose myself.--I have been walking over -the country, and am now, I hope, rational enough to make the rest of -my letter what it ought to be.--It is, in fact, a most mortifying -retrospect for me. I behaved shamefully. And here I can admit, that -my manners to Miss W., in being unpleasant to Miss F., were highly -blameable. _She_ disapproved them, which ought to have been enough.--My -plea of concealing the truth she did not think sufficient.--She was -displeased; I thought unreasonably so: I thought her, on a thousand -occasions, unnecessarily scrupulous and cautious: I thought her even -cold. But she was always right. If I had followed her judgment, and -subdued my spirits to the level of what she deemed proper, I should have -escaped the greatest unhappiness I have ever known.--We quarrelled.-- -Do you remember the morning spent at Donwell?--_There_ every little -dissatisfaction that had occurred before came to a crisis. I was late; -I met her walking home by herself, and wanted to walk with her, but she -would not suffer it. She absolutely refused to allow me, which I then -thought most unreasonable. Now, however, I see nothing in it but a very -natural and consistent degree of discretion. While I, to blind the -world to our engagement, was behaving one hour with objectionable -particularity to another woman, was she to be consenting the next to a -proposal which might have made every previous caution useless?--Had we -been met walking together between Donwell and Highbury, the truth must -have been suspected.--I was mad enough, however, to resent.--I doubted -her affection. I doubted it more the next day on Box Hill; when, -provoked by such conduct on my side, such shameful, insolent neglect -of her, and such apparent devotion to Miss W., as it would have been -impossible for any woman of sense to endure, she spoke her resentment in -a form of words perfectly intelligible to me.--In short, my dear -madam, it was a quarrel blameless on her side, abominable on mine; and -I returned the same evening to Richmond, though I might have staid with -you till the next morning, merely because I would be as angry with -her as possible. Even then, I was not such a fool as not to mean to -be reconciled in time; but I was the injured person, injured by her -coldness, and I went away determined that she should make the first -advances.--I shall always congratulate myself that you were not of -the Box Hill party. Had you witnessed my behaviour there, I can hardly -suppose you would ever have thought well of me again. Its effect upon -her appears in the immediate resolution it produced: as soon as she -found I was really gone from Randalls, she closed with the offer of that -officious Mrs. Elton; the whole system of whose treatment of her, by the -bye, has ever filled me with indignation and hatred. I must not quarrel -with a spirit of forbearance which has been so richly extended towards -myself; but, otherwise, I should loudly protest against the share of it -which that woman has known.--'Jane,' indeed!--You will observe that I -have not yet indulged myself in calling her by that name, even to you. -Think, then, what I must have endured in hearing it bandied between -the Eltons with all the vulgarity of needless repetition, and all the -insolence of imaginary superiority. Have patience with me, I shall soon -have done.--She closed with this offer, resolving to break with me -entirely, and wrote the next day to tell me that we never were to meet -again.--_She_ _felt_ _the_ _engagement_ _to_ _be_ _a_ _source_ _of_ -_repentance_ _and_ _misery_ _to_ _each_: _she_ _dissolved_ _it_.--This -letter reached me on the very morning of my poor aunt's death. I -answered it within an hour; but from the confusion of my mind, and the -multiplicity of business falling on me at once, my answer, instead of -being sent with all the many other letters of that day, was locked up in -my writing-desk; and I, trusting that I had written enough, though but -a few lines, to satisfy her, remained without any uneasiness.--I was -rather disappointed that I did not hear from her again speedily; but I -made excuses for her, and was too busy, and--may I add?--too cheerful -in my views to be captious.--We removed to Windsor; and two -days afterwards I received a parcel from her, my own letters all -returned!--and a few lines at the same time by the post, stating her -extreme surprize at not having had the smallest reply to her last; and -adding, that as silence on such a point could not be misconstrued, -and as it must be equally desirable to both to have every subordinate -arrangement concluded as soon as possible, she now sent me, by a safe -conveyance, all my letters, and requested, that if I could not directly -command hers, so as to send them to Highbury within a week, I would -forward them after that period to her at--: in short, the full direction -to Mr. Smallridge's, near Bristol, stared me in the face. I knew the -name, the place, I knew all about it, and instantly saw what she had -been doing. It was perfectly accordant with that resolution of character -which I knew her to possess; and the secrecy she had maintained, as to -any such design in her former letter, was equally descriptive of its -anxious delicacy. For the world would not she have seemed to threaten -me.--Imagine the shock; imagine how, till I had actually detected my -own blunder, I raved at the blunders of the post.--What was to be -done?--One thing only.--I must speak to my uncle. Without his sanction I -could not hope to be listened to again.--I spoke; circumstances were -in my favour; the late event had softened away his pride, and he was, -earlier than I could have anticipated, wholly reconciled and complying; -and could say at last, poor man! with a deep sigh, that he wished I -might find as much happiness in the marriage state as he had done.--I -felt that it would be of a different sort.--Are you disposed to pity -me for what I must have suffered in opening the cause to him, for my -suspense while all was at stake?--No; do not pity me till I reached -Highbury, and saw how ill I had made her. Do not pity me till I saw her -wan, sick looks.--I reached Highbury at the time of day when, from my -knowledge of their late breakfast hour, I was certain of a good chance -of finding her alone.--I was not disappointed; and at last I was not -disappointed either in the object of my journey. A great deal of very -reasonable, very just displeasure I had to persuade away. But it is -done; we are reconciled, dearer, much dearer, than ever, and no moment's -uneasiness can ever occur between us again. Now, my dear madam, I will -release you; but I could not conclude before. A thousand and a thousand -thanks for all the kindness you have ever shewn me, and ten thousand for -the attentions your heart will dictate towards her.--If you think me in -a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of your opinion.--Miss -W. calls me the child of good fortune. I hope she is right.--In one -respect, my good fortune is undoubted, that of being able to subscribe -myself, - - Your obliged and affectionate Son, - - F. C. WESTON CHURCHILL. - - - -CHAPTER XV - - -This letter must make its way to Emma's feelings. She was obliged, in -spite of her previous determination to the contrary, to do it all the -justice that Mrs. Weston foretold. As soon as she came to her own name, -it was irresistible; every line relating to herself was interesting, -and almost every line agreeable; and when this charm ceased, the subject -could still maintain itself, by the natural return of her former regard -for the writer, and the very strong attraction which any picture of -love must have for her at that moment. She never stopt till she had gone -through the whole; and though it was impossible not to feel that he had -been wrong, yet he had been less wrong than she had supposed--and he had -suffered, and was very sorry--and he was so grateful to Mrs. Weston, and -so much in love with Miss Fairfax, and she was so happy herself, that -there was no being severe; and could he have entered the room, she must -have shaken hands with him as heartily as ever. - -She thought so well of the letter, that when Mr. Knightley came again, -she desired him to read it. She was sure of Mrs. Weston's wishing it to -be communicated; especially to one, who, like Mr. Knightley, had seen so -much to blame in his conduct. - -"I shall be very glad to look it over," said he; "but it seems long. I -will take it home with me at night." - -But that would not do. Mr. Weston was to call in the evening, and she -must return it by him. - -"I would rather be talking to you," he replied; "but as it seems a -matter of justice, it shall be done." - -He began--stopping, however, almost directly to say, "Had I been offered -the sight of one of this gentleman's letters to his mother-in-law a few -months ago, Emma, it would not have been taken with such indifference." - -He proceeded a little farther, reading to himself; and then, with a -smile, observed, "Humph! a fine complimentary opening: But it is his -way. One man's style must not be the rule of another's. We will not be -severe." - -"It will be natural for me," he added shortly afterwards, "to speak my -opinion aloud as I read. By doing it, I shall feel that I am near you. -It will not be so great a loss of time: but if you dislike it--" - -"Not at all. I should wish it." - -Mr. Knightley returned to his reading with greater alacrity. - -"He trifles here," said he, "as to the temptation. He knows he is wrong, -and has nothing rational to urge.--Bad.--He ought not to have formed the -engagement.--'His father's disposition:'--he is unjust, however, to his -father. Mr. Weston's sanguine temper was a blessing on all his upright -and honourable exertions; but Mr. Weston earned every present comfort -before he endeavoured to gain it.--Very true; he did not come till Miss -Fairfax was here." - -"And I have not forgotten," said Emma, "how sure you were that he might -have come sooner if he would. You pass it over very handsomely--but you -were perfectly right." - -"I was not quite impartial in my judgment, Emma:--but yet, I think--had -_you_ not been in the case--I should still have distrusted him." - -When he came to Miss Woodhouse, he was obliged to read the whole of it -aloud--all that related to her, with a smile; a look; a shake of the -head; a word or two of assent, or disapprobation; or merely of love, as -the subject required; concluding, however, seriously, and, after steady -reflection, thus-- - -"Very bad--though it might have been worse.--Playing a most dangerous -game. Too much indebted to the event for his acquittal.--No judge of -his own manners by you.--Always deceived in fact by his own wishes, and -regardless of little besides his own convenience.--Fancying you to have -fathomed his secret. Natural enough!--his own mind full of intrigue, -that he should suspect it in others.--Mystery; Finesse--how they pervert -the understanding! My Emma, does not every thing serve to prove more -and more the beauty of truth and sincerity in all our dealings with each -other?" - -Emma agreed to it, and with a blush of sensibility on Harriet's account, -which she could not give any sincere explanation of. - -"You had better go on," said she. - -He did so, but very soon stopt again to say, "the pianoforte! Ah! That -was the act of a very, very young man, one too young to consider whether -the inconvenience of it might not very much exceed the pleasure. A -boyish scheme, indeed!--I cannot comprehend a man's wishing to give a -woman any proof of affection which he knows she would rather dispense -with; and he did know that she would have prevented the instrument's -coming if she could." - -After this, he made some progress without any pause. Frank Churchill's -confession of having behaved shamefully was the first thing to call for -more than a word in passing. - -"I perfectly agree with you, sir,"--was then his remark. "You did behave -very shamefully. You never wrote a truer line." And having gone through -what immediately followed of the basis of their disagreement, and his -persisting to act in direct opposition to Jane Fairfax's sense of right, -he made a fuller pause to say, "This is very bad.--He had induced her -to place herself, for his sake, in a situation of extreme difficulty and -uneasiness, and it should have been his first object to prevent her from -suffering unnecessarily.--She must have had much more to contend -with, in carrying on the correspondence, than he could. He should have -respected even unreasonable scruples, had there been such; but hers were -all reasonable. We must look to her one fault, and remember that she -had done a wrong thing in consenting to the engagement, to bear that she -should have been in such a state of punishment." - -Emma knew that he was now getting to the Box Hill party, and grew -uncomfortable. Her own behaviour had been so very improper! She was -deeply ashamed, and a little afraid of his next look. It was all read, -however, steadily, attentively, and without the smallest remark; and, -excepting one momentary glance at her, instantly withdrawn, in the fear -of giving pain--no remembrance of Box Hill seemed to exist. - -"There is no saying much for the delicacy of our good friends, the -Eltons," was his next observation.--"His feelings are natural.--What! -actually resolve to break with him entirely!--She felt the engagement to -be a source of repentance and misery to each--she dissolved it.--What a -view this gives of her sense of his behaviour!--Well, he must be a most -extraordinary--" - -"Nay, nay, read on.--You will find how very much he suffers." - -"I hope he does," replied Mr. Knightley coolly, and resuming the letter. -"'Smallridge!'--What does this mean? What is all this?" - -"She had engaged to go as governess to Mrs. Smallridge's children--a -dear friend of Mrs. Elton's--a neighbour of Maple Grove; and, by the -bye, I wonder how Mrs. Elton bears the disappointment?" - -"Say nothing, my dear Emma, while you oblige me to read--not even of -Mrs. Elton. Only one page more. I shall soon have done. What a letter -the man writes!" - -"I wish you would read it with a kinder spirit towards him." - -"Well, there _is_ feeling here.--He does seem to have suffered in -finding her ill.--Certainly, I can have no doubt of his being fond of -her. 'Dearer, much dearer than ever.' I hope he may long continue to -feel all the value of such a reconciliation.--He is a very liberal -thanker, with his thousands and tens of thousands.--'Happier than I -deserve.' Come, he knows himself there. 'Miss Woodhouse calls me the -child of good fortune.'--Those were Miss Woodhouse's words, were they?-- -And a fine ending--and there is the letter. The child of good fortune! -That was your name for him, was it?" - -"You do not appear so well satisfied with his letter as I am; but still -you must, at least I hope you must, think the better of him for it. I -hope it does him some service with you." - -"Yes, certainly it does. He has had great faults, faults of -inconsideration and thoughtlessness; and I am very much of his opinion -in thinking him likely to be happier than he deserves: but still as he -is, beyond a doubt, really attached to Miss Fairfax, and will soon, it -may be hoped, have the advantage of being constantly with her, I am very -ready to believe his character will improve, and acquire from hers the -steadiness and delicacy of principle that it wants. And now, let me talk -to you of something else. I have another person's interest at present -so much at heart, that I cannot think any longer about Frank Churchill. -Ever since I left you this morning, Emma, my mind has been hard at work -on one subject." - -The subject followed; it was in plain, unaffected, gentlemanlike -English, such as Mr. Knightley used even to the woman he was in love -with, how to be able to ask her to marry him, without attacking the -happiness of her father. Emma's answer was ready at the first word. -"While her dear father lived, any change of condition must be impossible -for her. She could never quit him." Part only of this answer, however, -was admitted. The impossibility of her quitting her father, Mr. -Knightley felt as strongly as herself; but the inadmissibility of any -other change, he could not agree to. He had been thinking it over most -deeply, most intently; he had at first hoped to induce Mr. Woodhouse to -remove with her to Donwell; he had wanted to believe it feasible, but -his knowledge of Mr. Woodhouse would not suffer him to deceive himself -long; and now he confessed his persuasion, that such a transplantation -would be a risk of her father's comfort, perhaps even of his life, which -must not be hazarded. Mr. Woodhouse taken from Hartfield!--No, he felt -that it ought not to be attempted. But the plan which had arisen on the -sacrifice of this, he trusted his dearest Emma would not find in any -respect objectionable; it was, that he should be received at Hartfield; -that so long as her father's happiness in other words his life--required -Hartfield to continue her home, it should be his likewise. - -Of their all removing to Donwell, Emma had already had her own passing -thoughts. Like him, she had tried the scheme and rejected it; but such -an alternative as this had not occurred to her. She was sensible of all -the affection it evinced. She felt that, in quitting Donwell, he must -be sacrificing a great deal of independence of hours and habits; that -in living constantly with her father, and in no house of his own, there -would be much, very much, to be borne with. She promised to think of it, -and advised him to think of it more; but he was fully convinced, that no -reflection could alter his wishes or his opinion on the subject. He had -given it, he could assure her, very long and calm consideration; he had -been walking away from William Larkins the whole morning, to have his -thoughts to himself. - -"Ah! there is one difficulty unprovided for," cried Emma. "I am sure -William Larkins will not like it. You must get his consent before you -ask mine." - -She promised, however, to think of it; and pretty nearly promised, -moreover, to think of it, with the intention of finding it a very good -scheme. - -It is remarkable, that Emma, in the many, very many, points of view in -which she was now beginning to consider Donwell Abbey, was never -struck with any sense of injury to her nephew Henry, whose rights as -heir-expectant had formerly been so tenaciously regarded. Think she must -of the possible difference to the poor little boy; and yet she only -gave herself a saucy conscious smile about it, and found amusement in -detecting the real cause of that violent dislike of Mr. Knightley's -marrying Jane Fairfax, or any body else, which at the time she had -wholly imputed to the amiable solicitude of the sister and the aunt. - -This proposal of his, this plan of marrying and continuing at -Hartfield--the more she contemplated it, the more pleasing it became. -His evils seemed to lessen, her own advantages to increase, their mutual -good to outweigh every drawback. Such a companion for herself in the -periods of anxiety and cheerlessness before her!--Such a partner in -all those duties and cares to which time must be giving increase of -melancholy! - -She would have been too happy but for poor Harriet; but every blessing -of her own seemed to involve and advance the sufferings of her friend, -who must now be even excluded from Hartfield. The delightful family -party which Emma was securing for herself, poor Harriet must, in mere -charitable caution, be kept at a distance from. She would be a loser in -every way. Emma could not deplore her future absence as any deduction -from her own enjoyment. In such a party, Harriet would be rather a -dead weight than otherwise; but for the poor girl herself, it seemed a -peculiarly cruel necessity that was to be placing her in such a state of -unmerited punishment. - -In time, of course, Mr. Knightley would be forgotten, that is, -supplanted; but this could not be expected to happen very early. Mr. -Knightley himself would be doing nothing to assist the cure;--not -like Mr. Elton. Mr. Knightley, always so kind, so feeling, so truly -considerate for every body, would never deserve to be less worshipped -than now; and it really was too much to hope even of Harriet, that she -could be in love with more than _three_ men in one year. - - - -CHAPTER XVI - - -It was a very great relief to Emma to find Harriet as desirous as -herself to avoid a meeting. Their intercourse was painful enough by -letter. How much worse, had they been obliged to meet! - -Harriet expressed herself very much as might be supposed, without -reproaches, or apparent sense of ill-usage; and yet Emma fancied there -was a something of resentment, a something bordering on it in her style, -which increased the desirableness of their being separate.--It might be -only her own consciousness; but it seemed as if an angel only could have -been quite without resentment under such a stroke. - -She had no difficulty in procuring Isabella's invitation; and she was -fortunate in having a sufficient reason for asking it, without resorting -to invention.--There was a tooth amiss. Harriet really wished, and -had wished some time, to consult a dentist. Mrs. John Knightley was -delighted to be of use; any thing of ill health was a recommendation to -her--and though not so fond of a dentist as of a Mr. Wingfield, she was -quite eager to have Harriet under her care.--When it was thus settled -on her sister's side, Emma proposed it to her friend, and found her -very persuadable.--Harriet was to go; she was invited for at least a -fortnight; she was to be conveyed in Mr. Woodhouse's carriage.--It was -all arranged, it was all completed, and Harriet was safe in Brunswick -Square. - -Now Emma could, indeed, enjoy Mr. Knightley's visits; now she could -talk, and she could listen with true happiness, unchecked by that sense -of injustice, of guilt, of something most painful, which had haunted her -when remembering how disappointed a heart was near her, how much might -at that moment, and at a little distance, be enduring by the feelings -which she had led astray herself. - -The difference of Harriet at Mrs. Goddard's, or in London, made perhaps -an unreasonable difference in Emma's sensations; but she could not think -of her in London without objects of curiosity and employment, which must -be averting the past, and carrying her out of herself. - -She would not allow any other anxiety to succeed directly to the place -in her mind which Harriet had occupied. There was a communication before -her, one which _she_ only could be competent to make--the confession of -her engagement to her father; but she would have nothing to do with it -at present.--She had resolved to defer the disclosure till Mrs. Weston -were safe and well. No additional agitation should be thrown at this -period among those she loved--and the evil should not act on herself -by anticipation before the appointed time.--A fortnight, at least, of -leisure and peace of mind, to crown every warmer, but more agitating, -delight, should be hers. - -She soon resolved, equally as a duty and a pleasure, to employ half an -hour of this holiday of spirits in calling on Miss Fairfax.--She ought -to go--and she was longing to see her; the resemblance of their present -situations increasing every other motive of goodwill. It would be a -_secret_ satisfaction; but the consciousness of a similarity of prospect -would certainly add to the interest with which she should attend to any -thing Jane might communicate. - -She went--she had driven once unsuccessfully to the door, but had not -been into the house since the morning after Box Hill, when poor Jane had -been in such distress as had filled her with compassion, though all the -worst of her sufferings had been unsuspected.--The fear of being still -unwelcome, determined her, though assured of their being at home, to -wait in the passage, and send up her name.--She heard Patty announcing -it; but no such bustle succeeded as poor Miss Bates had before made so -happily intelligible.--No; she heard nothing but the instant reply of, -"Beg her to walk up;"--and a moment afterwards she was met on the stairs -by Jane herself, coming eagerly forward, as if no other reception of her -were felt sufficient.--Emma had never seen her look so well, so lovely, -so engaging. There was consciousness, animation, and warmth; there was -every thing which her countenance or manner could ever have wanted.-- -She came forward with an offered hand; and said, in a low, but very -feeling tone, - -"This is most kind, indeed!--Miss Woodhouse, it is impossible for me -to express--I hope you will believe--Excuse me for being so entirely -without words." - -Emma was gratified, and would soon have shewn no want of words, if the -sound of Mrs. Elton's voice from the sitting-room had not checked -her, and made it expedient to compress all her friendly and all her -congratulatory sensations into a very, very earnest shake of the hand. - -Mrs. Bates and Mrs. Elton were together. Miss Bates was out, which -accounted for the previous tranquillity. Emma could have wished Mrs. -Elton elsewhere; but she was in a humour to have patience with every -body; and as Mrs. Elton met her with unusual graciousness, she hoped the -rencontre would do them no harm. - -She soon believed herself to penetrate Mrs. Elton's thoughts, and -understand why she was, like herself, in happy spirits; it was being in -Miss Fairfax's confidence, and fancying herself acquainted with what was -still a secret to other people. Emma saw symptoms of it immediately in -the expression of her face; and while paying her own compliments to Mrs. -Bates, and appearing to attend to the good old lady's replies, she saw -her with a sort of anxious parade of mystery fold up a letter which she -had apparently been reading aloud to Miss Fairfax, and return it into -the purple and gold reticule by her side, saying, with significant nods, - -"We can finish this some other time, you know. You and I shall not want -opportunities. And, in fact, you have heard all the essential already. I -only wanted to prove to you that Mrs. S. admits our apology, and is -not offended. You see how delightfully she writes. Oh! she is a sweet -creature! You would have doated on her, had you gone.--But not a word -more. Let us be discreet--quite on our good behaviour.--Hush!--You -remember those lines--I forget the poem at this moment: - - "For when a lady's in the case, - "You know all other things give place." - -Now I say, my dear, in _our_ case, for _lady_, read----mum! a word to -the wise.--I am in a fine flow of spirits, an't I? But I want to set -your heart at ease as to Mrs. S.--_My_ representation, you see, has -quite appeased her." - -And again, on Emma's merely turning her head to look at Mrs. Bates's -knitting, she added, in a half whisper, - -"I mentioned no _names_, you will observe.--Oh! no; cautious as a -minister of state. I managed it extremely well." - -Emma could not doubt. It was a palpable display, repeated on every -possible occasion. When they had all talked a little while in harmony of -the weather and Mrs. Weston, she found herself abruptly addressed with, - -"Do not you think, Miss Woodhouse, our saucy little friend here is -charmingly recovered?--Do not you think her cure does Perry the highest -credit?--(here was a side-glance of great meaning at Jane.) Upon my -word, Perry has restored her in a wonderful short time!--Oh! if you had -seen her, as I did, when she was at the worst!"--And when Mrs. Bates -was saying something to Emma, whispered farther, "We do not say a word -of any _assistance_ that Perry might have; not a word of a certain young -physician from Windsor.--Oh! no; Perry shall have all the credit." - -"I have scarce had the pleasure of seeing you, Miss Woodhouse," she -shortly afterwards began, "since the party to Box Hill. Very pleasant -party. But yet I think there was something wanting. Things did not -seem--that is, there seemed a little cloud upon the spirits of some.--So -it appeared to me at least, but I might be mistaken. However, I think -it answered so far as to tempt one to go again. What say you both to our -collecting the same party, and exploring to Box Hill again, while the -fine weather lasts?--It must be the same party, you know, quite the -same party, not _one_ exception." - -Soon after this Miss Bates came in, and Emma could not help being -diverted by the perplexity of her first answer to herself, resulting, -she supposed, from doubt of what might be said, and impatience to say -every thing. - -"Thank you, dear Miss Woodhouse, you are all kindness.--It is impossible -to say--Yes, indeed, I quite understand--dearest Jane's prospects--that -is, I do not mean.--But she is charmingly recovered.--How is Mr. -Woodhouse?--I am so glad.--Quite out of my power.--Such a happy little -circle as you find us here.--Yes, indeed.--Charming young man!--that -is--so very friendly; I mean good Mr. Perry!--such attention to -Jane!"--And from her great, her more than commonly thankful delight -towards Mrs. Elton for being there, Emma guessed that there had been a -little show of resentment towards Jane, from the vicarage quarter, -which was now graciously overcome.--After a few whispers, indeed, which -placed it beyond a guess, Mrs. Elton, speaking louder, said, - -"Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, that -anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise; but, the truth -is, that I am waiting for my lord and master. He promised to join me -here, and pay his respects to you." - -"What! are we to have the pleasure of a call from Mr. Elton?--That will -be a favour indeed! for I know gentlemen do not like morning visits, and -Mr. Elton's time is so engaged." - -"Upon my word it is, Miss Bates.--He really is engaged from morning to -night.--There is no end of people's coming to him, on some pretence or -other.--The magistrates, and overseers, and churchwardens, are always -wanting his opinion. They seem not able to do any thing without -him.--'Upon my word, Mr. E.,' I often say, 'rather you than I.--I do -not know what would become of my crayons and my instrument, if I had -half so many applicants.'--Bad enough as it is, for I absolutely neglect -them both to an unpardonable degree.--I believe I have not played a bar -this fortnight.--However, he is coming, I assure you: yes, indeed, on -purpose to wait on you all." And putting up her hand to screen her -words from Emma--"A congratulatory visit, you know.--Oh! yes, quite -indispensable." - -Miss Bates looked about her, so happily--! - -"He promised to come to me as soon as he could disengage himself -from Knightley; but he and Knightley are shut up together in deep -consultation.--Mr. E. is Knightley's right hand." - -Emma would not have smiled for the world, and only said, "Is Mr. Elton -gone on foot to Donwell?--He will have a hot walk." - -"Oh! no, it is a meeting at the Crown, a regular meeting. Weston and -Cole will be there too; but one is apt to speak only of those who -lead.--I fancy Mr. E. and Knightley have every thing their own way." - -"Have not you mistaken the day?" said Emma. "I am almost certain that -the meeting at the Crown is not till to-morrow.--Mr. Knightley was at -Hartfield yesterday, and spoke of it as for Saturday." - -"Oh! no, the meeting is certainly to-day," was the abrupt answer, which -denoted the impossibility of any blunder on Mrs. Elton's side.--"I do -believe," she continued, "this is the most troublesome parish that ever -was. We never heard of such things at Maple Grove." - -"Your parish there was small," said Jane. - -"Upon my word, my dear, I do not know, for I never heard the subject -talked of." - -"But it is proved by the smallness of the school, which I have heard -you speak of, as under the patronage of your sister and Mrs. Bragge; the -only school, and not more than five-and-twenty children." - -"Ah! you clever creature, that's very true. What a thinking brain you -have! I say, Jane, what a perfect character you and I should make, if we -could be shaken together. My liveliness and your solidity would produce -perfection.--Not that I presume to insinuate, however, that _some_ -people may not think _you_ perfection already.--But hush!--not a word, -if you please." - -It seemed an unnecessary caution; Jane was wanting to give her words, -not to Mrs. Elton, but to Miss Woodhouse, as the latter plainly saw. -The wish of distinguishing her, as far as civility permitted, was very -evident, though it could not often proceed beyond a look. - -Mr. Elton made his appearance. His lady greeted him with some of her -sparkling vivacity. - -"Very pretty, sir, upon my word; to send me on here, to be an -encumbrance to my friends, so long before you vouchsafe to come!--But -you knew what a dutiful creature you had to deal with. You knew I should -not stir till my lord and master appeared.--Here have I been sitting -this hour, giving these young ladies a sample of true conjugal -obedience--for who can say, you know, how soon it may be wanted?" - -Mr. Elton was so hot and tired, that all this wit seemed thrown away. -His civilities to the other ladies must be paid; but his subsequent -object was to lament over himself for the heat he was suffering, and the -walk he had had for nothing. - -"When I got to Donwell," said he, "Knightley could not be found. Very -odd! very unaccountable! after the note I sent him this morning, and the -message he returned, that he should certainly be at home till one." - -"Donwell!" cried his wife.--"My dear Mr. E., you have not been to -Donwell!--You mean the Crown; you come from the meeting at the Crown." - -"No, no, that's to-morrow; and I particularly wanted to see Knightley -to-day on that very account.--Such a dreadful broiling morning!--I went -over the fields too--(speaking in a tone of great ill-usage,) which made -it so much the worse. And then not to find him at home! I assure you -I am not at all pleased. And no apology left, no message for me. The -housekeeper declared she knew nothing of my being expected.--Very -extraordinary!--And nobody knew at all which way he was gone. Perhaps -to Hartfield, perhaps to the Abbey Mill, perhaps into his woods.--Miss -Woodhouse, this is not like our friend Knightley!--Can you explain it?" - -Emma amused herself by protesting that it was very extraordinary, -indeed, and that she had not a syllable to say for him. - -"I cannot imagine," said Mrs. Elton, (feeling the indignity as a wife -ought to do,) "I cannot imagine how he could do such a thing by you, of -all people in the world! The very last person whom one should expect to -be forgotten!--My dear Mr. E., he must have left a message for you, I am -sure he must.--Not even Knightley could be so very eccentric;--and his -servants forgot it. Depend upon it, that was the case: and very likely -to happen with the Donwell servants, who are all, I have often observed, -extremely awkward and remiss.--I am sure I would not have such a -creature as his Harry stand at our sideboard for any consideration. And -as for Mrs. Hodges, Wright holds her very cheap indeed.--She promised -Wright a receipt, and never sent it." - -"I met William Larkins," continued Mr. Elton, "as I got near the house, -and he told me I should not find his master at home, but I did not -believe him.--William seemed rather out of humour. He did not know what -was come to his master lately, he said, but he could hardly ever get the -speech of him. I have nothing to do with William's wants, but it really -is of very great importance that _I_ should see Knightley to-day; and it -becomes a matter, therefore, of very serious inconvenience that I should -have had this hot walk to no purpose." - -Emma felt that she could not do better than go home directly. In -all probability she was at this very time waited for there; and Mr. -Knightley might be preserved from sinking deeper in aggression towards -Mr. Elton, if not towards William Larkins. - -She was pleased, on taking leave, to find Miss Fairfax determined to -attend her out of the room, to go with her even downstairs; it gave her -an opportunity which she immediately made use of, to say, - -"It is as well, perhaps, that I have not had the possibility. Had you -not been surrounded by other friends, I might have been tempted to -introduce a subject, to ask questions, to speak more openly than might -have been strictly correct.--I feel that I should certainly have been -impertinent." - -"Oh!" cried Jane, with a blush and an hesitation which Emma thought -infinitely more becoming to her than all the elegance of all her usual -composure--"there would have been no danger. The danger would have -been of my wearying you. You could not have gratified me more than -by expressing an interest--. Indeed, Miss Woodhouse, (speaking more -collectedly,) with the consciousness which I have of misconduct, very -great misconduct, it is particularly consoling to me to know that those -of my friends, whose good opinion is most worth preserving, are not -disgusted to such a degree as to--I have not time for half that I could -wish to say. I long to make apologies, excuses, to urge something for -myself. I feel it so very due. But, unfortunately--in short, if your -compassion does not stand my friend--" - -"Oh! you are too scrupulous, indeed you are," cried Emma warmly, and -taking her hand. "You owe me no apologies; and every body to whom you -might be supposed to owe them, is so perfectly satisfied, so delighted -even--" - -"You are very kind, but I know what my manners were to you.--So -cold and artificial!--I had always a part to act.--It was a life of -deceit!--I know that I must have disgusted you." - -"Pray say no more. I feel that all the apologies should be on my side. -Let us forgive each other at once. We must do whatever is to be done -quickest, and I think our feelings will lose no time there. I hope you -have pleasant accounts from Windsor?" - -"Very." - -"And the next news, I suppose, will be, that we are to lose you--just as -I begin to know you." - -"Oh! as to all that, of course nothing can be thought of yet. I am here -till claimed by Colonel and Mrs. Campbell." - -"Nothing can be actually settled yet, perhaps," replied Emma, -smiling--"but, excuse me, it must be thought of." - -The smile was returned as Jane answered, - -"You are very right; it has been thought of. And I will own to you, (I -am sure it will be safe), that so far as our living with Mr. Churchill -at Enscombe, it is settled. There must be three months, at least, of -deep mourning; but when they are over, I imagine there will be nothing -more to wait for." - -"Thank you, thank you.--This is just what I wanted to be assured -of.--Oh! if you knew how much I love every thing that is decided and -open!--Good-bye, good-bye." - - - -CHAPTER XVII - - -Mrs. Weston's friends were all made happy by her safety; and if the -satisfaction of her well-doing could be increased to Emma, it was by -knowing her to be the mother of a little girl. She had been decided in -wishing for a Miss Weston. She would not acknowledge that it was with -any view of making a match for her, hereafter, with either of Isabella's -sons; but she was convinced that a daughter would suit both father -and mother best. It would be a great comfort to Mr. Weston, as he grew -older--and even Mr. Weston might be growing older ten years hence--to -have his fireside enlivened by the sports and the nonsense, the freaks -and the fancies of a child never banished from home; and Mrs. Weston--no -one could doubt that a daughter would be most to her; and it would be -quite a pity that any one who so well knew how to teach, should not have -their powers in exercise again. - -"She has had the advantage, you know, of practising on me," she -continued--"like La Baronne d'Almane on La Comtesse d'Ostalis, in Madame -de Genlis' Adelaide and Theodore, and we shall now see her own little -Adelaide educated on a more perfect plan." - -"That is," replied Mr. Knightley, "she will indulge her even more than -she did you, and believe that she does not indulge her at all. It will -be the only difference." - -"Poor child!" cried Emma; "at that rate, what will become of her?" - -"Nothing very bad.--The fate of thousands. She will be disagreeable -in infancy, and correct herself as she grows older. I am losing all my -bitterness against spoilt children, my dearest Emma. I, who am owing all -my happiness to _you_, would not it be horrible ingratitude in me to be -severe on them?" - -Emma laughed, and replied: "But I had the assistance of all your -endeavours to counteract the indulgence of other people. I doubt whether -my own sense would have corrected me without it." - -"Do you?--I have no doubt. Nature gave you understanding:--Miss Taylor -gave you principles. You must have done well. My interference was quite -as likely to do harm as good. It was very natural for you to say, what -right has he to lecture me?--and I am afraid very natural for you to -feel that it was done in a disagreeable manner. I do not believe I did -you any good. The good was all to myself, by making you an object of the -tenderest affection to me. I could not think about you so much without -doating on you, faults and all; and by dint of fancying so many errors, -have been in love with you ever since you were thirteen at least." - -"I am sure you were of use to me," cried Emma. "I was very often -influenced rightly by you--oftener than I would own at the time. I -am very sure you did me good. And if poor little Anna Weston is to be -spoiled, it will be the greatest humanity in you to do as much for her -as you have done for me, except falling in love with her when she is -thirteen." - -"How often, when you were a girl, have you said to me, with one of your -saucy looks--'Mr. Knightley, I am going to do so-and-so; papa says I -may, or I have Miss Taylor's leave'--something which, you knew, I -did not approve. In such cases my interference was giving you two bad -feelings instead of one." - -"What an amiable creature I was!--No wonder you should hold my speeches -in such affectionate remembrance." - -"'Mr. Knightley.'--You always called me, 'Mr. Knightley;' and, from -habit, it has not so very formal a sound.--And yet it is formal. I want -you to call me something else, but I do not know what." - -"I remember once calling you 'George,' in one of my amiable fits, about -ten years ago. I did it because I thought it would offend you; but, as -you made no objection, I never did it again." - -"And cannot you call me 'George' now?" - -"Impossible!--I never can call you any thing but 'Mr. Knightley.' I -will not promise even to equal the elegant terseness of Mrs. Elton, by -calling you Mr. K.--But I will promise," she added presently, laughing -and blushing--"I will promise to call you once by your Christian name. -I do not say when, but perhaps you may guess where;--in the building in -which N. takes M. for better, for worse." - -Emma grieved that she could not be more openly just to one important -service which his better sense would have rendered her, to the -advice which would have saved her from the worst of all her womanly -follies--her wilful intimacy with Harriet Smith; but it was too tender a -subject.--She could not enter on it.--Harriet was very seldom mentioned -between them. This, on his side, might merely proceed from her not being -thought of; but Emma was rather inclined to attribute it to delicacy, -and a suspicion, from some appearances, that their friendship were -declining. She was aware herself, that, parting under any other -circumstances, they certainly should have corresponded more, and that -her intelligence would not have rested, as it now almost wholly did, on -Isabella's letters. He might observe that it was so. The pain of being -obliged to practise concealment towards him, was very little inferior to -the pain of having made Harriet unhappy. - -Isabella sent quite as good an account of her visitor as could be -expected; on her first arrival she had thought her out of spirits, which -appeared perfectly natural, as there was a dentist to be consulted; but, -since that business had been over, she did not appear to find Harriet -different from what she had known her before.--Isabella, to be sure, -was no very quick observer; yet if Harriet had not been equal to playing -with the children, it would not have escaped her. Emma's comforts and -hopes were most agreeably carried on, by Harriet's being to stay longer; -her fortnight was likely to be a month at least. Mr. and Mrs. John -Knightley were to come down in August, and she was invited to remain -till they could bring her back. - -"John does not even mention your friend," said Mr. Knightley. "Here is -his answer, if you like to see it." - -It was the answer to the communication of his intended marriage. Emma -accepted it with a very eager hand, with an impatience all alive to know -what he would say about it, and not at all checked by hearing that her -friend was unmentioned. - -"John enters like a brother into my happiness," continued Mr. Knightley, -"but he is no complimenter; and though I well know him to have, -likewise, a most brotherly affection for you, he is so far from making -flourishes, that any other young woman might think him rather cool in -her praise. But I am not afraid of your seeing what he writes." - -"He writes like a sensible man," replied Emma, when she had read the -letter. "I honour his sincerity. It is very plain that he considers the -good fortune of the engagement as all on my side, but that he is not -without hope of my growing, in time, as worthy of your affection, as -you think me already. Had he said any thing to bear a different -construction, I should not have believed him." - -"My Emma, he means no such thing. He only means--" - -"He and I should differ very little in our estimation of the two," -interrupted she, with a sort of serious smile--"much less, perhaps, than -he is aware of, if we could enter without ceremony or reserve on the -subject." - -"Emma, my dear Emma--" - -"Oh!" she cried with more thorough gaiety, "if you fancy your brother -does not do me justice, only wait till my dear father is in the secret, -and hear his opinion. Depend upon it, he will be much farther from doing -_you_ justice. He will think all the happiness, all the advantage, on -your side of the question; all the merit on mine. I wish I may not -sink into 'poor Emma' with him at once.--His tender compassion towards -oppressed worth can go no farther." - -"Ah!" he cried, "I wish your father might be half as easily convinced as -John will be, of our having every right that equal worth can give, to be -happy together. I am amused by one part of John's letter--did you notice -it?--where he says, that my information did not take him wholly by -surprize, that he was rather in expectation of hearing something of the -kind." - -"If I understand your brother, he only means so far as your having -some thoughts of marrying. He had no idea of me. He seems perfectly -unprepared for that." - -"Yes, yes--but I am amused that he should have seen so far into my -feelings. What has he been judging by?--I am not conscious of any -difference in my spirits or conversation that could prepare him at -this time for my marrying any more than at another.--But it was so, I -suppose. I dare say there was a difference when I was staying with them -the other day. I believe I did not play with the children quite so much -as usual. I remember one evening the poor boys saying, 'Uncle seems -always tired now.'" - -The time was coming when the news must spread farther, and other -persons' reception of it tried. As soon as Mrs. Weston was sufficiently -recovered to admit Mr. Woodhouse's visits, Emma having it in view that -her gentle reasonings should be employed in the cause, resolved first to -announce it at home, and then at Randalls.--But how to break it to her -father at last!--She had bound herself to do it, in such an hour of Mr. -Knightley's absence, or when it came to the point her heart would have -failed her, and she must have put it off; but Mr. Knightley was to come -at such a time, and follow up the beginning she was to make.--She was -forced to speak, and to speak cheerfully too. She must not make it a -more decided subject of misery to him, by a melancholy tone herself. -She must not appear to think it a misfortune.--With all the spirits she -could command, she prepared him first for something strange, and then, -in a few words, said, that if his consent and approbation could be -obtained--which, she trusted, would be attended with no difficulty, -since it was a plan to promote the happiness of all--she and Mr. -Knightley meant to marry; by which means Hartfield would receive the -constant addition of that person's company whom she knew he loved, next -to his daughters and Mrs. Weston, best in the world. - -Poor man!--it was at first a considerable shock to him, and he tried -earnestly to dissuade her from it. She was reminded, more than once, of -having always said she would never marry, and assured that it would be -a great deal better for her to remain single; and told of poor Isabella, -and poor Miss Taylor.--But it would not do. Emma hung about him -affectionately, and smiled, and said it must be so; and that he must -not class her with Isabella and Mrs. Weston, whose marriages taking them -from Hartfield, had, indeed, made a melancholy change: but she was not -going from Hartfield; she should be always there; she was introducing -no change in their numbers or their comforts but for the better; and she -was very sure that he would be a great deal the happier for having Mr. -Knightley always at hand, when he were once got used to the idea.--Did -he not love Mr. Knightley very much?--He would not deny that he did, -she was sure.--Whom did he ever want to consult on business but Mr. -Knightley?--Who was so useful to him, who so ready to write his letters, -who so glad to assist him?--Who so cheerful, so attentive, so attached -to him?--Would not he like to have him always on the spot?--Yes. That -was all very true. Mr. Knightley could not be there too often; he should -be glad to see him every day;--but they did see him every day as it -was.--Why could not they go on as they had done? - -Mr. Woodhouse could not be soon reconciled; but the worst was overcome, -the idea was given; time and continual repetition must do the rest.--To -Emma's entreaties and assurances succeeded Mr. Knightley's, whose fond -praise of her gave the subject even a kind of welcome; and he was soon -used to be talked to by each, on every fair occasion.--They had all -the assistance which Isabella could give, by letters of the strongest -approbation; and Mrs. Weston was ready, on the first meeting, to -consider the subject in the most serviceable light--first, as a settled, -and, secondly, as a good one--well aware of the nearly equal importance -of the two recommendations to Mr. Woodhouse's mind.--It was agreed -upon, as what was to be; and every body by whom he was used to be -guided assuring him that it would be for his happiness; and having some -feelings himself which almost admitted it, he began to think that some -time or other--in another year or two, perhaps--it might not be so very -bad if the marriage did take place. - -Mrs. Weston was acting no part, feigning no feelings in all that she -said to him in favour of the event.--She had been extremely surprized, -never more so, than when Emma first opened the affair to her; but she -saw in it only increase of happiness to all, and had no scruple in -urging him to the utmost.--She had such a regard for Mr. Knightley, as -to think he deserved even her dearest Emma; and it was in every respect -so proper, suitable, and unexceptionable a connexion, and in one -respect, one point of the highest importance, so peculiarly eligible, -so singularly fortunate, that now it seemed as if Emma could not safely -have attached herself to any other creature, and that she had herself -been the stupidest of beings in not having thought of it, and wished it -long ago.--How very few of those men in a rank of life to address Emma -would have renounced their own home for Hartfield! And who but Mr. -Knightley could know and bear with Mr. Woodhouse, so as to make such -an arrangement desirable!--The difficulty of disposing of poor Mr. -Woodhouse had been always felt in her husband's plans and her own, for -a marriage between Frank and Emma. How to settle the claims of Enscombe -and Hartfield had been a continual impediment--less acknowledged by Mr. -Weston than by herself--but even he had never been able to finish -the subject better than by saying--"Those matters will take care of -themselves; the young people will find a way." But here there was -nothing to be shifted off in a wild speculation on the future. It was -all right, all open, all equal. No sacrifice on any side worth the name. -It was a union of the highest promise of felicity in itself, and without -one real, rational difficulty to oppose or delay it. - -Mrs. Weston, with her baby on her knee, indulging in such reflections -as these, was one of the happiest women in the world. If any thing could -increase her delight, it was perceiving that the baby would soon have -outgrown its first set of caps. - -The news was universally a surprize wherever it spread; and Mr. Weston -had his five minutes share of it; but five minutes were enough to -familiarise the idea to his quickness of mind.--He saw the advantages -of the match, and rejoiced in them with all the constancy of his wife; -but the wonder of it was very soon nothing; and by the end of an hour he -was not far from believing that he had always foreseen it. - -"It is to be a secret, I conclude," said he. "These matters are always a -secret, till it is found out that every body knows them. Only let me be -told when I may speak out.--I wonder whether Jane has any suspicion." - -He went to Highbury the next morning, and satisfied himself on that -point. He told her the news. Was not she like a daughter, his eldest -daughter?--he must tell her; and Miss Bates being present, it passed, -of course, to Mrs. Cole, Mrs. Perry, and Mrs. Elton, immediately -afterwards. It was no more than the principals were prepared for; they -had calculated from the time of its being known at Randalls, how soon it -would be over Highbury; and were thinking of themselves, as the evening -wonder in many a family circle, with great sagacity. - -In general, it was a very well approved match. Some might think him, and -others might think her, the most in luck. One set might recommend their -all removing to Donwell, and leaving Hartfield for the John Knightleys; -and another might predict disagreements among their servants; but yet, -upon the whole, there was no serious objection raised, except in one -habitation, the Vicarage.--There, the surprize was not softened by any -satisfaction. Mr. Elton cared little about it, compared with his wife; -he only hoped "the young lady's pride would now be contented;" and -supposed "she had always meant to catch Knightley if she could;" and, -on the point of living at Hartfield, could daringly exclaim, "Rather -he than I!"--But Mrs. Elton was very much discomposed indeed.--"Poor -Knightley! poor fellow!--sad business for him."--She was extremely -concerned; for, though very eccentric, he had a thousand good -qualities.--How could he be so taken in?--Did not think him at all in -love--not in the least.--Poor Knightley!--There would be an end of all -pleasant intercourse with him.--How happy he had been to come and dine -with them whenever they asked him! But that would be all over now.--Poor -fellow!--No more exploring parties to Donwell made for _her_. Oh! -no; there would be a Mrs. Knightley to throw cold water on every -thing.--Extremely disagreeable! But she was not at all sorry that -she had abused the housekeeper the other day.--Shocking plan, living -together. It would never do. She knew a family near Maple Grove who -had tried it, and been obliged to separate before the end of the first -quarter. - - - -CHAPTER XVIII - - -Time passed on. A few more to-morrows, and the party from London would -be arriving. It was an alarming change; and Emma was thinking of it one -morning, as what must bring a great deal to agitate and grieve her, when -Mr. Knightley came in, and distressing thoughts were put by. After the -first chat of pleasure he was silent; and then, in a graver tone, began -with, - -"I have something to tell you, Emma; some news." - -"Good or bad?" said she, quickly, looking up in his face. - -"I do not know which it ought to be called." - -"Oh! good I am sure.--I see it in your countenance. You are trying not -to smile." - -"I am afraid," said he, composing his features, "I am very much afraid, -my dear Emma, that you will not smile when you hear it." - -"Indeed! but why so?--I can hardly imagine that any thing which pleases -or amuses you, should not please and amuse me too." - -"There is one subject," he replied, "I hope but one, on which we do not -think alike." He paused a moment, again smiling, with his eyes fixed on -her face. "Does nothing occur to you?--Do not you recollect?--Harriet -Smith." - -Her cheeks flushed at the name, and she felt afraid of something, though -she knew not what. - -"Have you heard from her yourself this morning?" cried he. "You have, I -believe, and know the whole." - -"No, I have not; I know nothing; pray tell me." - -"You are prepared for the worst, I see--and very bad it is. Harriet -Smith marries Robert Martin." - -Emma gave a start, which did not seem like being prepared--and her eyes, -in eager gaze, said, "No, this is impossible!" but her lips were closed. - -"It is so, indeed," continued Mr. Knightley; "I have it from Robert -Martin himself. He left me not half an hour ago." - -She was still looking at him with the most speaking amazement. - -"You like it, my Emma, as little as I feared.--I wish our opinions were -the same. But in time they will. Time, you may be sure, will make one -or the other of us think differently; and, in the meanwhile, we need not -talk much on the subject." - -"You mistake me, you quite mistake me," she replied, exerting herself. -"It is not that such a circumstance would now make me unhappy, but I -cannot believe it. It seems an impossibility!--You cannot mean to say, -that Harriet Smith has accepted Robert Martin. You cannot mean that he -has even proposed to her again--yet. You only mean, that he intends it." - -"I mean that he has done it," answered Mr. Knightley, with smiling but -determined decision, "and been accepted." - -"Good God!" she cried.--"Well!"--Then having recourse to her workbasket, -in excuse for leaning down her face, and concealing all the exquisite -feelings of delight and entertainment which she knew she must be -expressing, she added, "Well, now tell me every thing; make this -intelligible to me. How, where, when?--Let me know it all. I never was -more surprized--but it does not make me unhappy, I assure you.--How--how -has it been possible?" - -"It is a very simple story. He went to town on business three days ago, -and I got him to take charge of some papers which I was wanting to send -to John.--He delivered these papers to John, at his chambers, and was -asked by him to join their party the same evening to Astley's. They were -going to take the two eldest boys to Astley's. The party was to be our -brother and sister, Henry, John--and Miss Smith. My friend Robert could -not resist. They called for him in their way; were all extremely amused; -and my brother asked him to dine with them the next day--which he -did--and in the course of that visit (as I understand) he found an -opportunity of speaking to Harriet; and certainly did not speak -in vain.--She made him, by her acceptance, as happy even as he is -deserving. He came down by yesterday's coach, and was with me this -morning immediately after breakfast, to report his proceedings, first -on my affairs, and then on his own. This is all that I can relate of -the how, where, and when. Your friend Harriet will make a much -longer history when you see her.--She will give you all the minute -particulars, which only woman's language can make interesting.--In our -communications we deal only in the great.--However, I must say, that -Robert Martin's heart seemed for _him_, and to _me_, very overflowing; -and that he did mention, without its being much to the purpose, that -on quitting their box at Astley's, my brother took charge of Mrs. John -Knightley and little John, and he followed with Miss Smith and Henry; -and that at one time they were in such a crowd, as to make Miss Smith -rather uneasy." - -He stopped.--Emma dared not attempt any immediate reply. To speak, she -was sure would be to betray a most unreasonable degree of happiness. -She must wait a moment, or he would think her mad. Her silence disturbed -him; and after observing her a little while, he added, - -"Emma, my love, you said that this circumstance would not now make you -unhappy; but I am afraid it gives you more pain than you expected. His -situation is an evil--but you must consider it as what satisfies your -friend; and I will answer for your thinking better and better of him -as you know him more. His good sense and good principles would delight -you.--As far as the man is concerned, you could not wish your friend -in better hands. His rank in society I would alter if I could, which is -saying a great deal I assure you, Emma.--You laugh at me about William -Larkins; but I could quite as ill spare Robert Martin." - -He wanted her to look up and smile; and having now brought herself not -to smile too broadly--she did--cheerfully answering, - -"You need not be at any pains to reconcile me to the match. I think -Harriet is doing extremely well. _Her_ connexions may be worse than -_his_. In respectability of character, there can be no doubt that they -are. I have been silent from surprize merely, excessive surprize. You -cannot imagine how suddenly it has come on me! how peculiarly unprepared -I was!--for I had reason to believe her very lately more determined -against him, much more, than she was before." - -"You ought to know your friend best," replied Mr. Knightley; "but I -should say she was a good-tempered, soft-hearted girl, not likely to be -very, very determined against any young man who told her he loved her." - -Emma could not help laughing as she answered, "Upon my word, I believe -you know her quite as well as I do.--But, Mr. Knightley, are you -perfectly sure that she has absolutely and downright _accepted_ him. -I could suppose she might in time--but can she already?--Did not you -misunderstand him?--You were both talking of other things; of business, -shows of cattle, or new drills--and might not you, in the confusion of -so many subjects, mistake him?--It was not Harriet's hand that he was -certain of--it was the dimensions of some famous ox." - -The contrast between the countenance and air of Mr. Knightley and Robert -Martin was, at this moment, so strong to Emma's feelings, and so strong -was the recollection of all that had so recently passed on Harriet's -side, so fresh the sound of those words, spoken with such emphasis, -"No, I hope I know better than to think of Robert Martin," that she was -really expecting the intelligence to prove, in some measure, premature. -It could not be otherwise. - -"Do you dare say this?" cried Mr. Knightley. "Do you dare to suppose me -so great a blockhead, as not to know what a man is talking of?--What do -you deserve?" - -"Oh! I always deserve the best treatment, because I never put up with -any other; and, therefore, you must give me a plain, direct answer. Are -you quite sure that you understand the terms on which Mr. Martin and -Harriet now are?" - -"I am quite sure," he replied, speaking very distinctly, "that he -told me she had accepted him; and that there was no obscurity, nothing -doubtful, in the words he used; and I think I can give you a proof that -it must be so. He asked my opinion as to what he was now to do. He knew -of no one but Mrs. Goddard to whom he could apply for information of -her relations or friends. Could I mention any thing more fit to be done, -than to go to Mrs. Goddard? I assured him that I could not. Then, he -said, he would endeavour to see her in the course of this day." - -"I am perfectly satisfied," replied Emma, with the brightest smiles, -"and most sincerely wish them happy." - -"You are materially changed since we talked on this subject before." - -"I hope so--for at that time I was a fool." - -"And I am changed also; for I am now very willing to grant you all -Harriet's good qualities. I have taken some pains for your sake, and for -Robert Martin's sake, (whom I have always had reason to believe as much -in love with her as ever,) to get acquainted with her. I have often -talked to her a good deal. You must have seen that I did. Sometimes, -indeed, I have thought you were half suspecting me of pleading poor -Martin's cause, which was never the case; but, from all my observations, -I am convinced of her being an artless, amiable girl, with very good -notions, very seriously good principles, and placing her happiness in -the affections and utility of domestic life.--Much of this, I have no -doubt, she may thank you for." - -"Me!" cried Emma, shaking her head.--"Ah! poor Harriet!" - -She checked herself, however, and submitted quietly to a little more -praise than she deserved. - -Their conversation was soon afterwards closed by the entrance of her -father. She was not sorry. She wanted to be alone. Her mind was in a -state of flutter and wonder, which made it impossible for her to be -collected. She was in dancing, singing, exclaiming spirits; and till she -had moved about, and talked to herself, and laughed and reflected, she -could be fit for nothing rational. - -Her father's business was to announce James's being gone out to put the -horses to, preparatory to their now daily drive to Randalls; and she -had, therefore, an immediate excuse for disappearing. - -The joy, the gratitude, the exquisite delight of her sensations may be -imagined. The sole grievance and alloy thus removed in the prospect of -Harriet's welfare, she was really in danger of becoming too happy for -security.--What had she to wish for? Nothing, but to grow more worthy of -him, whose intentions and judgment had been ever so superior to her own. -Nothing, but that the lessons of her past folly might teach her humility -and circumspection in future. - -Serious she was, very serious in her thankfulness, and in her -resolutions; and yet there was no preventing a laugh, sometimes in the -very midst of them. She must laugh at such a close! Such an end of the -doleful disappointment of five weeks back! Such a heart--such a Harriet! - -Now there would be pleasure in her returning--Every thing would be a -pleasure. It would be a great pleasure to know Robert Martin. - -High in the rank of her most serious and heartfelt felicities, was the -reflection that all necessity of concealment from Mr. Knightley would -soon be over. The disguise, equivocation, mystery, so hateful to her to -practise, might soon be over. She could now look forward to giving him -that full and perfect confidence which her disposition was most ready to -welcome as a duty. - -In the gayest and happiest spirits she set forward with her father; not -always listening, but always agreeing to what he said; and, whether in -speech or silence, conniving at the comfortable persuasion of his -being obliged to go to Randalls every day, or poor Mrs. Weston would be -disappointed. - -They arrived.--Mrs. Weston was alone in the drawing-room:--but hardly -had they been told of the baby, and Mr. Woodhouse received the thanks -for coming, which he asked for, when a glimpse was caught through the -blind, of two figures passing near the window. - -"It is Frank and Miss Fairfax," said Mrs. Weston. "I was just going to -tell you of our agreeable surprize in seeing him arrive this morning. He -stays till to-morrow, and Miss Fairfax has been persuaded to spend the -day with us.--They are coming in, I hope." - -In half a minute they were in the room. Emma was extremely glad to -see him--but there was a degree of confusion--a number of embarrassing -recollections on each side. They met readily and smiling, but with a -consciousness which at first allowed little to be said; and having all -sat down again, there was for some time such a blank in the circle, that -Emma began to doubt whether the wish now indulged, which she had long -felt, of seeing Frank Churchill once more, and of seeing him with Jane, -would yield its proportion of pleasure. When Mr. Weston joined the - -party, however, and when the baby was fetched, there was no longer a -want of subject or animation--or of courage and opportunity for Frank -Churchill to draw near her and say, - -"I have to thank you, Miss Woodhouse, for a very kind forgiving message -in one of Mrs. Weston's letters. I hope time has not made you less -willing to pardon. I hope you do not retract what you then said." - -"No, indeed," cried Emma, most happy to begin, "not in the least. I am -particularly glad to see and shake hands with you--and to give you joy -in person." - -He thanked her with all his heart, and continued some time to speak with -serious feeling of his gratitude and happiness. - -"Is not she looking well?" said he, turning his eyes towards Jane. -"Better than she ever used to do?--You see how my father and Mrs. Weston -doat upon her." - -But his spirits were soon rising again, and with laughing eyes, after -mentioning the expected return of the Campbells, he named the name of -Dixon.--Emma blushed, and forbade its being pronounced in her hearing. - -"I can never think of it," she cried, "without extreme shame." - -"The shame," he answered, "is all mine, or ought to be. But is it -possible that you had no suspicion?--I mean of late. Early, I know, you -had none." - -"I never had the smallest, I assure you." - -"That appears quite wonderful. I was once very near--and I wish I -had--it would have been better. But though I was always doing wrong -things, they were very bad wrong things, and such as did me no -service.--It would have been a much better transgression had I broken -the bond of secrecy and told you every thing." - -"It is not now worth a regret," said Emma. - -"I have some hope," resumed he, "of my uncle's being persuaded to pay a -visit at Randalls; he wants to be introduced to her. When the Campbells -are returned, we shall meet them in London, and continue there, I trust, -till we may carry her northward.--But now, I am at such a distance from -her--is not it hard, Miss Woodhouse?--Till this morning, we have not -once met since the day of reconciliation. Do not you pity me?" - -Emma spoke her pity so very kindly, that with a sudden accession of gay -thought, he cried, - -"Ah! by the bye," then sinking his voice, and looking demure for the -moment--"I hope Mr. Knightley is well?" He paused.--She coloured and -laughed.--"I know you saw my letter, and think you may remember my wish -in your favour. Let me return your congratulations.--I assure you that -I have heard the news with the warmest interest and satisfaction.--He is -a man whom I cannot presume to praise." - -Emma was delighted, and only wanted him to go on in the same style; but -his mind was the next moment in his own concerns and with his own Jane, -and his next words were, - -"Did you ever see such a skin?--such smoothness! such delicacy!--and -yet without being actually fair.--One cannot call her fair. It is a -most uncommon complexion, with her dark eye-lashes and hair--a most -distinguishing complexion! So peculiarly the lady in it.--Just colour -enough for beauty." - -"I have always admired her complexion," replied Emma, archly; "but -do not I remember the time when you found fault with her for being so -pale?--When we first began to talk of her.--Have you quite forgotten?" - -"Oh! no--what an impudent dog I was!--How could I dare--" - -But he laughed so heartily at the recollection, that Emma could not help -saying, - -"I do suspect that in the midst of your perplexities at that time, you -had very great amusement in tricking us all.--I am sure you had.--I am -sure it was a consolation to you." - -"Oh! no, no, no--how can you suspect me of such a thing? I was the most -miserable wretch!" - -"Not quite so miserable as to be insensible to mirth. I am sure it was a -source of high entertainment to you, to feel that you were taking us -all in.--Perhaps I am the readier to suspect, because, to tell you the -truth, I think it might have been some amusement to myself in the same -situation. I think there is a little likeness between us." - -He bowed. - -"If not in our dispositions," she presently added, with a look of true -sensibility, "there is a likeness in our destiny; the destiny which bids -fair to connect us with two characters so much superior to our own." - -"True, true," he answered, warmly. "No, not true on your side. You can -have no superior, but most true on mine.--She is a complete angel. Look -at her. Is not she an angel in every gesture? Observe the turn of her -throat. Observe her eyes, as she is looking up at my father.--You will -be glad to hear (inclining his head, and whispering seriously) that my -uncle means to give her all my aunt's jewels. They are to be new set. -I am resolved to have some in an ornament for the head. Will not it be -beautiful in her dark hair?" - -"Very beautiful, indeed," replied Emma; and she spoke so kindly, that he -gratefully burst out, - -"How delighted I am to see you again! and to see you in such excellent -looks!--I would not have missed this meeting for the world. I should -certainly have called at Hartfield, had you failed to come." - -The others had been talking of the child, Mrs. Weston giving an account -of a little alarm she had been under, the evening before, from the -infant's appearing not quite well. She believed she had been foolish, -but it had alarmed her, and she had been within half a minute of sending -for Mr. Perry. Perhaps she ought to be ashamed, but Mr. Weston had been -almost as uneasy as herself.--In ten minutes, however, the child had -been perfectly well again. This was her history; and particularly -interesting it was to Mr. Woodhouse, who commended her very much for -thinking of sending for Perry, and only regretted that she had not done -it. "She should always send for Perry, if the child appeared in the -slightest degree disordered, were it only for a moment. She could not be -too soon alarmed, nor send for Perry too often. It was a pity, perhaps, -that he had not come last night; for, though the child seemed well now, -very well considering, it would probably have been better if Perry had -seen it." - -Frank Churchill caught the name. - -"Perry!" said he to Emma, and trying, as he spoke, to catch Miss -Fairfax's eye. "My friend Mr. Perry! What are they saying about Mr. -Perry?--Has he been here this morning?--And how does he travel now?--Has -he set up his carriage?" - -Emma soon recollected, and understood him; and while she joined in the -laugh, it was evident from Jane's countenance that she too was really -hearing him, though trying to seem deaf. - -"Such an extraordinary dream of mine!" he cried. "I can never think of -it without laughing.--She hears us, she hears us, Miss Woodhouse. I see -it in her cheek, her smile, her vain attempt to frown. Look at her. Do -not you see that, at this instant, the very passage of her own letter, -which sent me the report, is passing under her eye--that the whole -blunder is spread before her--that she can attend to nothing else, -though pretending to listen to the others?" - -Jane was forced to smile completely, for a moment; and the smile partly -remained as she turned towards him, and said in a conscious, low, yet -steady voice, - -"How you can bear such recollections, is astonishing to me!--They -_will_ sometimes obtrude--but how you can court them!" - -He had a great deal to say in return, and very entertainingly; but -Emma's feelings were chiefly with Jane, in the argument; and on leaving -Randalls, and falling naturally into a comparison of the two men, she -felt, that pleased as she had been to see Frank Churchill, and really -regarding him as she did with friendship, she had never been more -sensible of Mr. Knightley's high superiority of character. The happiness -of this most happy day, received its completion, in the animated -contemplation of his worth which this comparison produced. - - - -CHAPTER XIX - - -If Emma had still, at intervals, an anxious feeling for Harriet, a -momentary doubt of its being possible for her to be really cured of her -attachment to Mr. Knightley, and really able to accept another man from -unbiased inclination, it was not long that she had to suffer from the -recurrence of any such uncertainty. A very few days brought the party -from London, and she had no sooner an opportunity of being one hour -alone with Harriet, than she became perfectly satisfied--unaccountable -as it was!--that Robert Martin had thoroughly supplanted Mr. Knightley, -and was now forming all her views of happiness. - -Harriet was a little distressed--did look a little foolish at first: -but having once owned that she had been presumptuous and silly, and -self-deceived, before, her pain and confusion seemed to die away with -the words, and leave her without a care for the past, and with the -fullest exultation in the present and future; for, as to her friend's -approbation, Emma had instantly removed every fear of that nature, by -meeting her with the most unqualified congratulations.--Harriet was -most happy to give every particular of the evening at Astley's, and the -dinner the next day; she could dwell on it all with the utmost delight. -But what did such particulars explain?--The fact was, as Emma could now -acknowledge, that Harriet had always liked Robert Martin; and that his -continuing to love her had been irresistible.--Beyond this, it must ever -be unintelligible to Emma. - -The event, however, was most joyful; and every day was giving her fresh -reason for thinking so.--Harriet's parentage became known. She proved -to be the daughter of a tradesman, rich enough to afford her the -comfortable maintenance which had ever been hers, and decent enough to -have always wished for concealment.--Such was the blood of gentility -which Emma had formerly been so ready to vouch for!--It was likely to -be as untainted, perhaps, as the blood of many a gentleman: but what -a connexion had she been preparing for Mr. Knightley--or for the -Churchills--or even for Mr. Elton!--The stain of illegitimacy, -unbleached by nobility or wealth, would have been a stain indeed. - -No objection was raised on the father's side; the young man was treated -liberally; it was all as it should be: and as Emma became acquainted -with Robert Martin, who was now introduced at Hartfield, she fully -acknowledged in him all the appearance of sense and worth which could -bid fairest for her little friend. She had no doubt of Harriet's -happiness with any good-tempered man; but with him, and in the home he -offered, there would be the hope of more, of security, stability, and -improvement. She would be placed in the midst of those who loved her, -and who had better sense than herself; retired enough for safety, -and occupied enough for cheerfulness. She would be never led into -temptation, nor left for it to find her out. She would be respectable -and happy; and Emma admitted her to be the luckiest creature in the -world, to have created so steady and persevering an affection in such a -man;--or, if not quite the luckiest, to yield only to herself. - -Harriet, necessarily drawn away by her engagements with the Martins, -was less and less at Hartfield; which was not to be regretted.--The -intimacy between her and Emma must sink; their friendship must change -into a calmer sort of goodwill; and, fortunately, what ought to be, -and must be, seemed already beginning, and in the most gradual, natural -manner. - -Before the end of September, Emma attended Harriet to church, and saw -her hand bestowed on Robert Martin with so complete a satisfaction, as -no remembrances, even connected with Mr. Elton as he stood before them, -could impair.--Perhaps, indeed, at that time she scarcely saw Mr. Elton, -but as the clergyman whose blessing at the altar might next fall on -herself.--Robert Martin and Harriet Smith, the latest couple engaged of -the three, were the first to be married. - -Jane Fairfax had already quitted Highbury, and was restored to the -comforts of her beloved home with the Campbells.--The Mr. Churchills -were also in town; and they were only waiting for November. - -The intermediate month was the one fixed on, as far as they dared, by -Emma and Mr. Knightley.--They had determined that their marriage ought -to be concluded while John and Isabella were still at Hartfield, to -allow them the fortnight's absence in a tour to the seaside, which was -the plan.--John and Isabella, and every other friend, were agreed in -approving it. But Mr. Woodhouse--how was Mr. Woodhouse to be induced -to consent?--he, who had never yet alluded to their marriage but as a -distant event. - -When first sounded on the subject, he was so miserable, that they were -almost hopeless.--A second allusion, indeed, gave less pain.--He -began to think it was to be, and that he could not prevent it--a very -promising step of the mind on its way to resignation. Still, however, he -was not happy. Nay, he appeared so much otherwise, that his daughter's -courage failed. She could not bear to see him suffering, to know -him fancying himself neglected; and though her understanding almost -acquiesced in the assurance of both the Mr. Knightleys, that when -once the event were over, his distress would be soon over too, she -hesitated--she could not proceed. - -In this state of suspense they were befriended, not by any sudden -illumination of Mr. Woodhouse's mind, or any wonderful change of his -nervous system, but by the operation of the same system in another -way.--Mrs. Weston's poultry-house was robbed one night of all her -turkeys--evidently by the ingenuity of man. Other poultry-yards in -the neighbourhood also suffered.--Pilfering was _housebreaking_ to Mr. -Woodhouse's fears.--He was very uneasy; and but for the sense of his -son-in-law's protection, would have been under wretched alarm every -night of his life. The strength, resolution, and presence of mind of the -Mr. Knightleys, commanded his fullest dependence. While either of them -protected him and his, Hartfield was safe.--But Mr. John Knightley must -be in London again by the end of the first week in November. - -The result of this distress was, that, with a much more voluntary, -cheerful consent than his daughter had ever presumed to hope for at the -moment, she was able to fix her wedding-day--and Mr. Elton was called -on, within a month from the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Martin, to -join the hands of Mr. Knightley and Miss Woodhouse. - -The wedding was very much like other weddings, where the parties have -no taste for finery or parade; and Mrs. Elton, from the particulars -detailed by her husband, thought it all extremely shabby, and very -inferior to her own.--"Very little white satin, very few lace veils; a -most pitiful business!--Selina would stare when she heard of it."--But, -in spite of these deficiencies, the wishes, the hopes, the confidence, -the predictions of the small band of true friends who witnessed the -ceremony, were fully answered in the perfect happiness of the union. - - - -FINIS - - - - - - - diff --git a/file_exception.py b/file_exception.py deleted file mode 100644 index 01df6d7..0000000 --- a/file_exception.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -while True : - filename = raw_input("Enter the filename (a.txt) ") - try : - f=file(filename,"r") - except IOError: - print "Unable to open "+filename - opened = False - else : - break -print "opened file "+filename+" for reading" - -for line in f : - try : - a_float_num = float(line) - print "Read %g" % a_float_num - except ValueError, e: - print "Read something that wasn't a floating point number\n%s" % e - except IOError: - print "An I/O error occurred - continuing" - -f.close() - diff --git a/generator.py b/generator.py deleted file mode 100644 index aaf91a5..0000000 --- a/generator.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# - -class Jeffs_generator(object): - """This class demonstrates a generator built as a class -A generator creates a next method and raises the StopIteration exception when -it is done iterating""" - def __init__ ( self, end, start=0 ) : - assert end >= start,"end should be greater than start" - self.counter=start - self.end=end - - def a_very_complicated_function(self, x) : - """This is a very complicated method that does something you probably -won't understand. For every imput x, it returns an output""" - return x+1 - - def jeff_generate(self) : - """This method returns the next value in the series. It limites the -series to a certain number of values. Note that this method invokes a -very complicated function""" - while self.counter < self.end : - yield self.counter - self.counter = self.a_very_complicated_function(self.counter) - raise StopIteration - -def jeff_generate_1(start, end) : - """This function demonstrates a generator built as a function""" - counter = start - while end > counter : - yield counter - counter+=1 - -def jeff_generate_2() : - yield "Hewey" - yield "Lewey" - yield "Dewey" - - - -# Here is an example from the Python documentation -# http://docs.python.org/2/reference/expressions.html#yieldexpr -def echo(value=None): - print "Execution starts when 'next()' is called for the first time." - try: - while True: - try: - value = (yield value) - except Exception, e: - value = e - finally: - print "Don't forget to clean up when 'close()' is called." - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - j = Jeffs_generator(8,4) - print "Using a generator function defined in a class" - for i in j.jeff_generate() : - print i - - print "Using a generator function" - for i in jeff_generate_1(2,5) : - print i - - print "Running the generator function 'echo()'" - echo_obj = echo(1) - print echo_obj.next() - print "Next line should be 'None'" - print echo_obj.next() - print "Next line should be 2" - print echo_obj.send(2) - print echo_obj.next() - try : - echo_obj.throw(TypeError, "spam") - except TypeError,e : - print "The generator object threw a TypeError exception:",e - print echo_obj.next() - echo_obj.close() - - print "The attributes of jeff_generate_2()" - print dir(jeff_generate_2) - g = jeff_generate_2() - print "The attributes of g" - print dir(g) - print "3 calls to jeff_generate_2()" - print g.next() - print g.next() - print g.next() - try : - print g.next() - except StopIteration,e : - print "StopIteration was raised",e - else : - print "Stop Iteration was *not* raised" - - - diff --git a/hello_world.py b/hello_world.py deleted file mode 100755 index 0d5b5f0..0000000 --- a/hello_world.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This program verifies that the python system is installed and working -# properly -print "Hello, World" - diff --git a/ibm_linux-02.avi b/ibm_linux-02.avi deleted file mode 100755 index 197f493..0000000 Binary files a/ibm_linux-02.avi and /dev/null differ diff --git a/intro_to_constructors.py b/intro_to_constructors.py deleted file mode 100644 index 167a516..0000000 --- a/intro_to_constructors.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -class C(object) : - w = 18 - def __init__(self, x, y) : - self.n = 16 - self.x = x - self.y = y - -i = C("Kg","Slug") - -print i.x, i.y, i.n, i.w - -j = C("slush", 32.3) -print j.x, j.y, j.n, j.w - -j.w = "Hah!" - -print j.w, i.w - -C.w = "Ireland" - -print j.w, i.w - -del j.w - -print j.w, i.w - -try : - k = C("yes","no","maybe") -except TypeError, e: - print "This didn't work so good "+str(e) - - - - diff --git a/intro_to_inheritence.py b/intro_to_inheritence.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8a19c8b..0000000 --- a/intro_to_inheritence.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# - -class A(object) : - c = "Sea" - def who_am_i(self): - print "I am in class A" - favorite_color = "Blue" - y = "Why?" - -class B(A) : - c = "Ocean" - def who_am_i(self): - print "I am in class B" - favorite_color = "Green" - x = 42 - -a = A() -a.who_am_i() -print a.c -try : - print a.x -except AttributeError, e : - print "WHOOPS!", e -print a.y - -b = B() -b.who_am_i() -print b.c -print b.x -print b.y - -print "a ",("is" if isinstance(a, A) else "is not"), "an instance of A" -print "a ",("is" if isinstance(a, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" -print "b ",("is" if isinstance(b, A) else "is not"), "an instance of A" -print "b ",("is" if isinstance(b, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" - - - diff --git a/intro_to_methods.py b/intro_to_methods.py deleted file mode 100644 index ddbdee1..0000000 --- a/intro_to_methods.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -# intro_to_methods.py -# -class F(object): - def f(self,x) : - self.x = x - def p(self) : - print self.x - - def __str__(self): - return "x="+str(self.x) - - -f = F() -try : - print f.x -except AttributeError, e: - print "I guess you can't do that: " + str(e) -f.f(4) -print f.x -f.p() -print str(f) - diff --git a/intro_to_polymorphism.py b/intro_to_polymorphism.py deleted file mode 100644 index 49f2979..0000000 --- a/intro_to_polymorphism.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# -import multiple_inheritence as mi - -def test_instance_of ( obj, obj_name, obj_class ) : - print obj_name, "is", "" if isinstance(obj, obj_class) else "not", \ - "an instance of ", obj_class.__name__ - - - -def dispatcher ( g ): - if isinstance(g, mi.A) : - print g.a - elif isinstance(g, mi.C) : - print g.c - else : - print g.e - -test_instance_of ( mi.e, 'e', mi.E ) -test_instance_of ( mi.a, 'a', mi.E ) -test_instance_of ( mi.e, 'e', mi.A ) -test_instance_of ( mi.b, 'b', mi.A ) - -dispatcher ( mi.a ) -dispatcher ( mi.b ) # b is of type class B which inherits from A -dispatcher ( mi.c ) -dispatcher ( mi.d ) # d is of type class D which inherits from C -dispatcher ( mi.e ) # e is of type class E which inherits from B (and from A) - # and D (and from C), so dispatcher never prints e.e -try : - dispatcher ( "gee" ) -except AttributeError, err : - print "WHOOPS!", err - - - diff --git a/iterators.py b/iterators.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9f5690e..0000000 --- a/iterators.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# This is some examples of a interators - -# This is an example from Wesley Chun's book, "Core Python Programming, 2nd ed" -# page 578 -class AnyIter(object) : - def __init__(self, data, safe=False) : - self.safe=safe -# See http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#iter - self.iter = iter(data) - - def __iter__(self) : - return self - - def next(self, howmany=1): - """This method returns a list of howmany objects out of data (which was -passed in when the object was instantited) until the list of ojects is exhausted.""" - retval =[] - for each_item in range(howmany) : - try : - retval.append( self.iter.next() ) - except StopIteration : - if self.safe : - break - else : - raise - return retval - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - d = {"one":1, "two": 2, "three": 3} - print "The attributes of a dictionary object" - print dir(d) - for i in d: - print i, - print - - s = "spam" - print "The attributes of a string object" - print dir(s) - for c in s : - print c, - print - - print "Run AnyIter with safe set to false and the list is not exchausted" - i = AnyIter(range(10), safe=False ) -# i = iter(a) - for j in range(1,5) : - print j,":",i.next() - - print "Run AnyIter with safe set to false and the list is exhausted" -# i = iter(a) - try : - i.next(14) - print j,":",i.next() - except StopIteration,e : - print "StopIteration was raised",e - else : - print "StopIteration was *not* raised" - - print "Run AnyIter with safe set to True and the list is exhausted" - i = AnyIter(range(10), safe=True) -# i = iter(a) - print i.next(14) - - diff --git a/multiple_inheritence.py b/multiple_inheritence.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3110002..0000000 --- a/multiple_inheritence.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# Week 8 -class A(object) : - def who_am_i(self) : - print "Defined in A" - a = "eh?" # a and c are class attributes - v = "Parsley" - -class B(A) : - def who_am_i(self) : - print "Defined in B" - b = "bee" - -class C(object) : - def who_am_i(self) : - print "Defined in C" - c = "sea" - v = "Rosemary" - -class D(C) : - def who_am_i(self) : - print "Defined in D" - d = "Dee" # A river in Wales, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Dee_(Wales) - -class E(B,D) : - def who_am_i(self) : - print "Defined in E" - e = "ea." # an abbreviation for "each" - -class F(D,B) : - def who_ami_i(self) : - print "Defined in F" - f = "foolish" # It's a good thing I am in computers, because if I were - # a poet, I would starve - -# These statements have to be here because multiple_inheritence.py is imported -# by intro_to_polymorphism.py -a = A() -b = B() -c = C() -d = D() -e = E() -f = F() - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - print "a.v=",a.v - print "b.v=",b.v - print "c.v=",c.v - print "d.v=",d.v - print "e.v=",e.v - print "f.v=",f.v - - a.who_am_i() - b.who_am_i() - c.who_am_i() - d.who_am_i() - e.who_am_i() - f.who_am_i() - - print "e.a=",e.a,"e.b=", e.b,"e.c=", e.c,"e.d=", e.d,"e.e=", e.e, "f.f=", f.f - print "a ",("is" if isinstance(a, A) else "is not"), "an instance of A" - print "a ",("is" if isinstance(a, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" - print "b ",("is" if isinstance(b, A) else "is not"), "an instance of A" - print "b ",("is" if isinstance(b, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" - print "e ",("is" if isinstance(e, E) else "is not"), "an instance of E" - print "e ",("is" if isinstance(e, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" - print "e ",("is" if isinstance(e, C) else "is not"), "an instance of C" - print "f ",("is" if isinstance(f, F) else "is not"), "an instance of F" - print "f ",("is" if isinstance(f, B) else "is not"), "an instance of B" - print "f ",("is" if isinstance(f, C) else "is not"), "an instance of C" - print "f ",("is" if isinstance(f, E) else "is not"), "an instance of E" - diff --git a/multiple_inheritence.pyc b/multiple_inheritence.pyc deleted file mode 100644 index 7d564c8..0000000 Binary files a/multiple_inheritence.pyc and /dev/null differ diff --git a/nested.py b/nested.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7b0880a..0000000 --- a/nested.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -""" -print nested data structure with increasing indentation at each level - - [ 'I....', 'II...', [ 'A...', 'B...' ], 'III....' ] - -is printed - - I... - II... - A... - B... - III... -""" - -outline = [ 'I....', 'II...', [ 'A...', [ 1, 2 ], 'B...' ], 'III....' ] - -def print_nested(spaces, data): - """ - print nested data with increasing indentation at each level - data is list of non-lists (strings, numbers...) and/or nested lists - spaces is indentation, typically '' (empty string) at top level - """ - if isinstance(data, list): - for item in data: - print_nested(spaces + ' ', item) # recursive calls - else: - print '%s%s' % (spaces, data) # base case - -if __name__ == '__main__': - print_nested('', outline) diff --git a/os_path_walk.py b/os_path_walk.py deleted file mode 100644 index 7fcd318..0000000 --- a/os_path_walk.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -# 20121111jdr os_path_walk.py - -BASE_DIR = r"C:\_dev\aaa" -MAKE_LOC = "Number of levels to make (or return for none): " -TAKE_LOC = "Number of levels to take (or return for none): " - -import os - -def get_input(L): - ''' Obtain input from the user for the number of levels.''' - L = raw_input(L) - return int(L if L else 0) - -def make_tree(L): - ''' Make a file and folder tree for demonstration purposes.''' - s = os.getcwd() # remember starting directory - os.chdir(BASE_DIR) - for x in range(L + 1): - d = "dir%d" % (L - x) - os.mkdir(d) - os.chdir(d) - print "In %s" % os.getcwd() - for y in range(L - x): - f = "fil%d" % (y + 1) - fout = open(f, "w"); fout.write("Hello, world!\n"); fout.close() - - os.chdir(s) # go back to starting directory - print "Back in %s" % os.getcwd() - -def del_files(L): - ''' Delete files level L and lower. Delete empty folders.''' - for r, d, f in os.walk(BASE_DIR, topdown = False): - for name in f: - if int(name[-1]) <= L: - try: - os.remove(os.path.join(r, name)) - except OSError, e: - print "Hit OSError: %s" % e - except Exception, e: - print e - for name in d: - try: - os.rmdir(os.path.join(r, name)) - except OSError, e: - print "Hit OSError: %s" % e - except Exception, e: - print e - -make_tree(get_input(MAKE_LOC)) -del_files(get_input(TAKE_LOC)) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/overloaded.py b/overloaded.py deleted file mode 100644 index a09f330..0000000 --- a/overloaded.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# Operator overloading demonstration -import numbers - -class Vector_3 ( object ) : - """This class implements vector arithmetic for three dimensional vectors. -The class includes overloaded operators for addition, subtraction, and -multiplication (inner product)""" - - def __init__ (self, x, y, z ) : - """Constructor""" - self.x = x - self.y = y - self.z = z - - - def __str__ ( self ) : - return "["+str(self.x)+", "+str(self.y)+", "+str(self.z)+" ]" - - def __add__ (self, v ) : - """Implements vector_3 addition""" - assert isinstance ( v, Vector_3 ),"Passed something that was not a Vector_3 to __add__" - xt = self.x + v.x - yt = self.y + v.y - zt = self.z + v.z - r = Vector_3(xt, yt, zt) - return r - - def __mul__ ( self, v ) : - """Implements either vector inner product if v is a Vector_3 or linear -scaling if v is a float, int, or complex""" - if isinstance(v, numbers.Number ) : # numbers.Number is the base class - # of ints, floats, and complex - xt = self.x * v - yt = self.y * v - zt = self.z * v - r = Vector_3(xt, yt, zt) - elif isinstance(v, Vector_3) : - r = self.x * v.x + self.y * v.y + self.z * v.z - else : - raise AssertionError("__mul__ was passed an argument that isn't a Vector_3 or a numeric") - return r - - def __rmul__( self, v ): - """Just like __mul__ only the arguments are reversed. The combination -of __rmul__ and __mul__ make multiplication commutative""" - return self.__mul__(v) - - def __eq__ ( self, v ) : - """Compares two vectors for equality""" - assert isinstance ( v, Vector_3 ),"Passed something that was not a Vector_3 to __eq__" - return self.x == v.x and self.y == v.y and self.z == v.z - - def __ne__ ( self, v ) : - """Compares two vectors for inequality""" - assert isinstance ( v, Vector_3 ),"Passed something that was not a Vector_3 to __ne__" - # De Morgan's laws http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Morgan's_laws - return self.x != v.x or self.y != v.y or self.z != v.z - - - - -if __name__ == "__main__" : - z = Vector_3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) - one = Vector_3(3., 4., 5.) - r = z + one - print r,"should be [3.0, 4.0, 5.0]" - assert r == Vector_3(3., 4., 5.), "First Equality or 2 operand vector addition failed" - two = Vector_3(2.0, 1.0, 7.0 ) - r = one + two - print r,"should be [5.0, 5.0, 12.0]" - assert r == Vector_3(5.0, 5.0, 12.0 ), "Second Equality or 2 operand vector addition failed" - r += Vector_3(1., 2., -3.0) - print r,"should be [6.0, 7.0, 9.0]" - assert r == Vector_3(6.0, 7.0, 9.0 ), "Equality or 1 operand vector addition failed" - r *= 0.5 - t = Vector_3(3.0, 3.5, 4.5 ) - print r,"should be",t - assert r == t, "Multiplication by floating scalar failed" - r *= 4 - t = Vector_3(12.0, 14.0, 18.0) - print r,"should be",t - assert r == t, "Multiplication by integer scalar failed" - r = 0.25 * t - t = Vector_3(3.0, 3.5, 4.5 ) - print r,"should be",t - assert r == t, "Reverse multiplication by a scalar failed" - r *= 4.0*(2+1j) - t = Vector_3((24.0+12j), (28.0+14j), (36.0+18j)) - print r,"should be",t - assert r == t, "Multiplication by complex scalar failed" - a = Vector_3(2, 3, 4) - b = Vector_3(4, 5, 6) - c = a * b - t = 47 # (2*4) + (3*5) + (4*6) note that this is an integer - print c,"should be",t - assert c == t, "Multiplication by inner product failed" - a *= b - print a,"should be",t - assert a == t, "Multiplication by inner product failed" - a = Vector_3(2., 3., 4.) - b = Vector_3(4., 5., 6.) - c = a * b - t = 47. # (2*4) + (3*5) + (4*6) note that this is a float - print c,"should be",t - assert c == t, "Multiplication by inner product failed" - a *= b - print a,"should be",t - assert a == t, "Multiplication by inner product failed" - print "This should raise an AssertionError" - v2 = (3, 4, 5) - a = Vector_3(2., 3., 4.) - try : - a = a * v2 - except AssertionError,e : - print "AssertionError exception was raised %s" % e - print a - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/parameters.py b/parameters.py deleted file mode 100644 index 118407f..0000000 --- a/parameters.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -""" -Demonstrate three forms of parameter declarations and argument passing -""" - -def f(a,b,c): - 'positional parameters' - print a,b,c - -s = (1,2,3) -d = { 'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3 } - -f(1,2,3) # 1,2,3 arguments matched to parameters by position -f(c=3,b=2,a=1) # 1,2,3 arguments matched to parameters by keyword -f(*s) # 1,2,3 * scatters tuple argument to positional parameters -f(**d) # 1,2,3 ** scatters dictionary argument to positional paramerters - -# f(s) # TypeError: f() takes exactly 3 arguments (1 given) - - -def g(*args): - 'optional parameters, gather multiple arguments into tuple' - print args - -g() # () -g(1) # (1,) -g(1,2,3) # (1,2,3) - - -def h(**kwargs): - 'keyword parameters, gather multiple keyword args into dictionary' - print kwargs - -h(a=1) # { 'a':1 } -h(a=1, b=2) # { 'a':1, 'b':2 } -h(a=1, b=2, c=3) # { 'a':1, 'c':3, 'b':2 } - diff --git a/phones.py b/phones.py deleted file mode 100644 index 1234cac..0000000 --- a/phones.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -""" -Phone number database -""" - -# A list of tuples can be a simple database - -phones = [('Jon', 4117), - ('Doug', 6218), - ('Aki', 6014), - ('Alan', 4017)] - -# blocks of phone numbers are assigned to departments - -def physics_dept(phone): - return 4000 <= phone < 5000 - -# A list comprehension can be a database query: -# -# [ pattern for item in source if condition ] - -# names of people in the physics department - -print [ name for (name, phone) in phones if physics_dept(phone) ] - - - - - diff --git a/putty_URLs.txt b/putty_URLs.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 723e24b..0000000 --- a/putty_URLs.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ - Here's the text for a slide. If I have time, I'd also like to show Pageant so we only have to type a key passphrase once. - - - - How to: - - * generate a private/public key pair - - * send the public key to the server - - * use nano and paste it in from the Windows clipboard - - * put it into a new .ssh/authorized_keys, or - - * add it to the other keys already there - - - - Use PuTTY and PuTTYgen available from: - - http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html - - - - Follow these instructions: - - http://www.howtoforge.com/ssh_key_based_logins_putty - - - - The non-Windows users won't need any of this. So I have a fun exercise I'd like for them to try, which is to use a 3D tuple to code a Dept. of Trans. classification system described at: - - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04100/04.cfm - diff --git a/quiz_2.py b/quiz_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 341f23a..0000000 --- a/quiz_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -# Name: - -""" -Quiz Week 2 - -By each numbered comment, write the value of the expression that appears on that line -(that would be printed if you typed the expression in an interactive session). -If the expression (or its predecessor) is erroneous (could not be evaluated), - just write "error" or a big "X" -If you don't know the value, just write "?" or leave it blank. -""" - -# Parameter passing, scope - -x = 1 - -def f(x): - return 2*x - -f(x) # 1. -x # 2. - -def g(x): - x = 2*x - return x - -g(2*x) # 3. -x # 4. - -# Definition and use - -def p(x): - return 2*f(2*x) - -p(x) # 5. - -def q(x): - return 2*r(x) - -q(x) # 6. diff --git a/quiz_3.py b/quiz_3.py deleted file mode 100644 index 39d9344..0000000 --- a/quiz_3.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -# Name: - -""" -Quiz Week 3 - -On this sheet, write down the output produced by executing this module -""" - -def fsum(n): - sum = 0 - for i in range(n): - sum = sum + i - print i, sum - return sum - -def rsum(n): - if n == 0: - sum = n - else: - sum = n + rsum(n-1) - print n, sum - return sum - -print fsum(5) -print -print rsum(4) - - diff --git a/quiz_4.py b/quiz_4.py deleted file mode 100644 index 79c1e61..0000000 --- a/quiz_4.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -# Name: - -""" -Quiz Week 4 -""" - -s = 'supercalafragilistic' -t = 'expialidocious' - -print s[0] - -print s[-1] - -print s[:3] - -print s[-3:] - -print s[3:6] - -print s.find('cal') - -for c in s[:3]: - print c - -fd = open('test.txt', 'w') -fd.write(s + '\n') -fd.write(t) -fd.close() - -fd = open('test.txt', 'r') - -for line in fd: - pass - -print line[:3] - - diff --git a/quiz_5.py b/quiz_5.py deleted file mode 100644 index 0363124..0000000 --- a/quiz_5.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -# Name: - -""" -Quiz Week 5 -""" - -s = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] - -print s + [ 'd' ] - -print s - -print s.append('d') - -print s - -s.append([ 'e', 'f' ]) - -print s - -x = [ 1, 2, 3 ] - -y = x - -y[1] = 99 - -print y - -print x diff --git a/quiz_6.py b/quiz_6.py deleted file mode 100644 index a46db9b..0000000 --- a/quiz_6.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -# Name: - -""" -Quiz Week 6 - -On this sheet, write down the output from each print statement in this module. - -If different orderings of items in the printed output are possible, -just write down one of the correct orders. - -If executing the print statement would raise an exception, -just write ERROR -""" - -gertrude = 'a rose is a rose is a rose' - -def freq(line): - histo = {} - for word in line.split(): - if word not in histo: - histo[word] = 1 - else: - histo[word] += 1 - return histo - -histo = freq(gertrude) - -print histo - -print histo['is'], histo['a'] - -for word in histo: - print word - -print histo.keys() - -print histo.values() - -print histo['violet'] - diff --git a/recursion.py b/recursion.py deleted file mode 100644 index 096ca91..0000000 --- a/recursion.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ -""" -Demonstrate recursion with print statements -Similar to factorial in Downey, PySD sect. 6.9, p. 70 -""" - -def rsum_p(prefix, n): - print '%sEntering rsum with n = %s' % (prefix, n) - if n == 0: - sum = n # base case - else: - sum = n + rsum_p(prefix + ' ', n-1) # make progress toward base - print '%sn = %s, return sum = %s' % (prefix, n, sum) - return sum - - -print rsum_p('', 4) diff --git a/redis_demo_spider.py b/redis_demo_spider.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6010879..0000000 --- a/redis_demo_spider.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -"""This software traverses the web and loads the data into a redis database -The key to the database is a URL, the values of the keys are a list of -outbound links. If the link has already been visited, then it is skipped""" - -import chilkat -import redis - -# Open a connection to the database -r_server = redis.Redis("localhost") - -# The Chilkat Spider component/library is free. -spider = chilkat.CkSpider() - -# The Initialize method may be called with just the domain name, -# such as "www.joelonsoftware.com" or a full URL. If you pass only -# the domain name, you must add URLs to the unspidered list by calling -# AddUnspidered. Otherwise, the URL you pass to Initialize is the 1st -# URL in the unspidered list. -spider.Initialize("www.commercialventvac.com") - -spider.AddUnspidered("http://www.commercialventvac.com/") - -visited_list = [] -for ctr in range(0,10000): # This should be limited by something. - success = spider.CrawlNext() - this_page = spider.lastUrl() -# This is necessary because if this key already exists and it is not a list -# type, then the rpush command throws a -# "Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value" -# The kludge is to delete the key if it exists - if r_server.exists(this_page) : - try: - v = r_server.get(this_page) - print "%s is already in the database, and it is of type %s and contains %s" %\ - ( this_page, type(v), v ) - r_server.delete(this_page) - except redis.exceptions.ResponseError,e: - print "Deleting the key %s caused exception %s of type %s" %\ - ( this_page, e, type(e) ) - visited_list.append(this_page) - print "**** Crawling %s "% this_page - for i in range(0,spider.get_NumOutboundLinks()): - link = spider.getOutboundLink(i) - r_server.rpush(this_page, [link]) - print link, - if r_server.exists(link): - print "has been seen before" - else: - print "is new" - spider.AddUnspidered( link ) - - -for page in visited_list : -# http://redis.io/commands#list - referenced_pages_list = r_server.lrange(page, 0, -1) - print "The pages from %s are:" % page - for ref_page in referenced_pages_list : - print " "*5,ref_page - - diff --git a/repetition.py b/repetition.py deleted file mode 100644 index c454408..0000000 --- a/repetition.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ -""" -Demonstrate for, while, and recursion on the same problem -""" - -def fact_for(n): - fact = 1 - for i in range(n): - fact *= i+1 # same as fact = fact*(i+1) - return fact - -def fact_while(n): - fact = 1 - while n > 0: - fact *= n # same as fact = fact*n - n -= 1 # same as n = n - 1, must make progress - return fact - -def fact_recurse(n): - if n == 0: - return 1 # base case - else: - return n*fact_recurse(n-1) # recurse on smaller argument - -print 'fact_for(3) %s' % fact_for(3) -print 'fact_while(3) %s' % fact_while(3) -print 'fact_recurse(3) %s' % fact_recurse(3) - -# show typical errors: no progress in while, no smaller arg in recurse -# show debugger - diff --git a/return_error.py b/return_error.py deleted file mode 100644 index 625c5c8..0000000 --- a/return_error.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# This doesn't work when run as a script, but works fine in the interpreter. -def f(x) : - y = x**2 - return y - -a = float(raw_input("Enter a floating point number")) -f(a) - - - diff --git a/roman.py b/roman.py deleted file mode 100644 index 45310be..0000000 --- a/roman.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -""" -Roman numeral to integer converter, based on Janos Juhasz in -http://mail.python.org/pipermail/tutor/2007-5March.txt -Turn Juhasz' script into a function, streamline, revise names and comments -""" - -# lookup table from single Roman numeral to integer -numerals = {'M':1000, 'D':500, 'C':100, 'L':50, 'X':10, 'V':5, 'I':1} - -def roman_to_int(roman): - """ - Convert string of roman numerals to an integer - Numerals may be upper or lowercase, other chars raise KeyError - """ - # convert string of roman numerals to list of integers - digits = [numerals[ch] for ch in roman.upper()] - result = 0 - while digits: - digit = digits.pop(0) # take leftmost digit - # if a larger digit remains, subtract this one from result - if digits and digit < max(digits): digit = -digit - result += digit - return result - -# just to demo comprehension, define this function at module level -def digits(roman): return [numerals[ch] for ch in roman.upper()] - -if __name__ == '__main__': - while True: - roman = raw_input('Enter a roman number: ') - if not roman: break # loop until empty input - print roman, '=', roman_to_int(roman) - diff --git a/route.py b/route.py deleted file mode 100644 index e85ad6e..0000000 --- a/route.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ -"""" -Graphs and paths -""" - -# A collection of pairs can describe a graph of nodes connected by edges - -puget = (('Seattle', 'Bremerton'), - ('Seattle', 'Tacoma'), - ('Tacoma', 'Olympia'), - ('Tacoma', 'Shelton'), - ('Bremerton', 'Shelton'), - ('Shelton', 'Olympia')) - -def check(graph, *path): - """ - True when path given by sequence of args exists in graph - """ - assert len(path) > 1 - for i in range(len(path)-1): - if not path[i:i+2] in graph: - return False - return True - -if __name__ == '__main__': - print check(puget, 'Seattle', 'Bremerton', 'Shelton', 'Olympia') # True - print check(puget, 'Seattle', 'Tacoma', 'Shelton', 'Olympia') # True - print check(puget, 'Seattle', 'Bremerton', 'Tacoma', 'Olympia') # False - - - - - - - diff --git a/sarah.py b/sarah.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9ad9107..0000000 --- a/sarah.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# -sarah = u"הרש" - - - -ali=u" علي اصغر‎" - -sheshech=u"현륜식" - -unknown=u" 昨晩の障害について" - -def decode_unicode(s) : - """This function decodes a unicode string, character by character""" - print s - for c in s: - print c, ord(c) - -decode_unicode(sarah) -decode_unicode(ali) -decode_unicode(sheshech) -decode_unicode(unknown) - - - - diff --git a/scope.py b/scope.py deleted file mode 100644 index ae0ae3e..0000000 --- a/scope.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/python -# -# This program demonstrates scope rules - -x=1 - -def f ( y ) : - z = x + y # global variable already exists, can be referenced - return z - -def g ( ) : - global x # explicitly added to scope - x = x + 1 - -def h ( y ): - x = 4 + y # Create a new x in the local scope - print "In h: x=", x - -def epic_fail ( w ) : - x = x + w # So why does this fail? - return x - - -a = f(2) -print a -g() -print x -h(3.7) -print "After h: x=", x -q = epic_fail ( 6 ) -print q - - diff --git a/snafu.py b/snafu.py deleted file mode 100644 index 9b0be57..0000000 --- a/snafu.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# snafu.py -# This program is hopelessly screwed up - it is an exercise in using the -# debugger -# -# -import math -import pdb -pdb.set_trace() # for ipython, cpython doesn't need it - -def discriminant(A, B, C) : - """Return the discriminant of the quadratic: B^2-4AC""" - r = math.sqrt(B*B - 2*A*C) - return r - -def abs_err(a, b): - return abs(a-b) - -def test_function (A, B, C, x, yt, err_limit ) : - y = A*x*x+B*x+C - assert abs_err(y, yt) <= err_limit,\ - "The test function returns an incorrect value %f should be %f" % (y, yt) - return - -# This is a useless comment -print "Good values to try include 32,16,0, 32,16,4 and 0,16,32" -A = float(raw_input("Enter A ")) -B = float(raw_input("Enter B ")) -C = float(raw_input("Enter C ")) - -d = discriminant(C, B, A) - - -r1 = (-B + d)/(2*A) -r2 = (-B - d)/(2*A) -test_function( A, B, C, r1, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) -test_function( A, B, C, r2, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) - - -print "The roots are %f and %f" % ( r1, r2) - - - diff --git a/snafu.txt b/snafu.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 21b78dd..0000000 --- a/snafu.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,66 +0,0 @@ -python snafy.py - -then c 0.16.32 note that the program throws a float division by 0 exception but does not throw an assertion error. Also, the program exits when float divide by zero exception, compared to - -python -m pdb snafu.py -0 16 32 - -Try different coefficients -python -m pdb snafu.py -1,4,3 - -Throws AssertionError at line 23 -l -w - -Set a breakpoint at line 15 in function discriminant - -b 15 - -Note that the breakpoint isn't taken - -ipython snafu.py -b 15 -1,4,3 -The breakpoint is taken -w -print r -print A,B,C - -Arguments A,B,C are reversed. -diff snafu.py snafu_1.py - -ipython snafu_1.py -1,4,3 -Throws AssertionError in test_function. Why? - - -ipython snafu_2.py -b 15 -1,4,3 - -python -m pdb snafu_2.py -b 15 -1,4,3 - -python -m pdb snafu_2.py -b 14 -0,16,32 - - -ipython snafu_2.py -b 14 -0,16,32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - diff --git a/snafu_2.py b/snafu_2.py deleted file mode 100644 index 86de5ef..0000000 --- a/snafu_2.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,44 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# snafu.py -# This program is hopelessly screwed up - it is an exercise in using the -# debugger -# -# -import math -import pdb -pdb.set_trace() # for ipython, cpython doesn't need it - -def discriminant(A, B, C) : - """Return the discriminant of the quadratic: B^2-4AC""" - r = math.sqrt(B*B - 4*A*C) - return r - -def abs_err(a, b): - return abs(a-b) - -def test_function (A, B, C, x, yt, err_limit ) : - y = A*x*x+B*x+C - assert abs_err(y, yt) <= err_limit,\ - "The test function returns an incorrect value %f should be %f" % (y, yt) - return - -# This is a useless comment -print "Good values to try include 32,16,0, 1,4,3 and 0,16,32" -A = float(raw_input("Enter A ")) -B = float(raw_input("Enter B ")) -C = float(raw_input("Enter C ")) - -d = discriminant(A, B, C) - - -r1 = (-B + d)/(2*A) -r2 = (-B - d)/(2*A) -test_function( A, B, C, r1, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) -test_function( A, B, C, r2, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) - - -print "The roots are %f and %f" % ( r1, r2) - - - diff --git a/snafu_ORIGINAL.py b/snafu_ORIGINAL.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6f3755b..0000000 --- a/snafu_ORIGINAL.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# snafu.py -# This program is hopelessly screwed up - it is an exercise in using the -# debugger -# -# -import math -import pdb -pdb.set_trace() # for ipython, cpython doesn't need it - -def discriminant(A, B, C) : - assert A != 0.0, "The quadratic coefficient is 0.0" -# Really should be 4 instead of 2, in case you forgot - r = math.sqrt(B*B - 2*A*C) - return r - -def abs_err(a, b): - return abs(a-b) - -def test_function (A, B, C, x, yt, err_limit ) : - y = A*x*x+B*x+C - assert abs_err(y, yt) <= err_limit,\ - "The test function returns an incorrect value %f should be %f" % (y, yt) - return y - -# This is a useless comment -print "Good values to try include 32,16,0, 0,32,16, and 0,16,32" -A = float(raw_input("Enter A ")) -B = float(raw_input("Enter B ")) -C = float(raw_input("Enter C ")) - -try : - d = discriminant(C, B, A) -except AssertionError, e: - print "AssertionError raised, reason is %s" % e - pdb.set_trace() -except ValueError, e: - print "ValueError raised, reason is %s" % e - pdb.set_trace() - - -r1 = (-B + d)/(2*A) -r2 = (-B - d)/(2*A) -test_function( A, B, C, r1, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) -test_function( A, B, C, r2, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) - - -print "The roots are %f and %f" % ( r1, r2) - - - diff --git a/special_attributes.py b/special_attributes.py deleted file mode 100644 index 6c72452..0000000 --- a/special_attributes.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# -import overloaded - -attribute_list = dir(overloaded.Vector_3) -print attribute_list -print overloaded.Vector_3.__doc__ diff --git a/sql_demo.py b/sql_demo.py deleted file mode 100644 index e5dc696..0000000 --- a/sql_demo.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,247 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# An SQL demo. This builds a simple customer database -# However, it will work with either sqlite3 or mysql -# The hierarchy of objects is -# business CONTAINS databases -# databases CONTAINS tables -# tables CONTAINS records -# records CONTAINS fields - -import datetime -import sys -import string - -def print_users_by_state(state): - cursor.execute("""SELECT first_name, last_name, city, state FROM customer where state="%s";"""%state) - for row in cursor.fetchall(): - print row[0],row[1],row[2],row[3] - -def print_db(): - cursor.execute("""SELECT first_name, last_name, city, state FROM customer;""") - for row in cursor.fetchall(): - print row[0],row[1],row[2],row[3] - -def get_credentials(db) : - """This function opens the credentials file, which is under the control of the system -administrator. The software engineer cannot see it""" - credentials_file = 'credentials_file.txt' - try : - f = open(credentials_file,'r') - except IOError, e: - print """Problems opening the credentials file %s - check file protection -and EUID this database is running under""" - sys.exit(1) - credentials = f.readlines() - lineno = 0 - for c in credentials : - lineno += 1 - fields = c.split(":") - if len(fields) != 4 : - raise ValueError("Line %d of file %s has the wrong number of fields,\ -should be 4 actually is %d" % (lineno, credentials_file, len(fields) )) - if fields[0] == db : - fields[3] = string.strip( fields[3] ) - f.close() - return fields[1:4] - else : - raise ValueError("The credentials file %s does not contain a host/user/password tuple\ -for database %s") % ( credentials, db) - f.close() - return - -def populate_database() : - """This subroutine populates the database. Note that cursor and connection are passed globally""" - today = datetime.date.today() - - customers=[\ - ("Jeff","Silverman","924 20th AVE E","","Seattle","WA","98112", today, "1"), - ("Robin","Finch","The Aviary","1100 Nowhere st","Utopia","KS","75024", today, "2"), - ("Felix","Felis","1103 SW 23rd st","","Chicago","IL","68123", today, "3"), - ("Jay","Inslee","Governors Mansion","Capitol Grounds", "Olympia", "WA", "98501", today, "4" ), - ] - - try : - for customer in customers: - cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO customer ( - first_name, last_name, address_1, address_2, city, state, zipcode, signup_date, customer_number) - VALUES ( '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', %s )''' % customer ) - finally : - connection.commit() - - -def update_database( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : - """This subroutine updates the database. Note that cursor and connection are passed globally""" - - - try : - cursor.execute('''UPDATE customer SET city="%s", zipcode="%s", state="IL" - WHERE customer_number=%s ''' % ( new_city, zipcode, customer_number ) ) - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The update failed" - raise - else : - print "The update succeeded" - - - -def update_database_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : - """This subroutine updates the database. Note that cursor and connection are passed globally -This version is better because it sanitizes the input customer_number""" - - - try : - customer_number = int ( customer_number ) # Guarantees that the customer number will be an integer - cursor.execute('''UPDATE customer SET city="%s", zipcode="%s", state="IL" - WHERE customer_number=%s ''' % ( new_city, zipcode, customer_number ) ) - except ValueError, e : - print "Converting the customer number to an integer caused a ValueError exception. %s" % \ - customer_number - raise - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The update failed" - raise - else : - print "The update succeeded" - -def update_database_even_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : - """This subroutine does an even better job of updating the database than update_database_better -because it checks all arguments""" - try : - sql_str_arg_filter ( new_city ) - sql_str_arg_filter ( new_state ) - sql_zipcode_arg_filter ( zipcode ) - except ValueError, e : - print "The check on the args caused a ValueError exception. %s" % \ - customer_number - raise - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The update failed" - raise - else : - print "The update succeeded" - - -def sql_str_arg_filter( s ) : - """This subroutine verifies that string s contains only the characters -[A-Za-z0-9]. In particular, the characters ", ', and ; are filtered out, however -any effort to manipulate the database in an illicit way are prevented. If this -subroutine detects an illegal character, then it raises ValueError. The subroutine -always returns None""" - import re - illicit_match_set = """[^A-Za-z0-9]""" # This matches any char except legal ones - r = re.search(illicit_match_set, s, flags=0) - if r != None : - raise ValueError - -def sql_zipcode_arg_filter ( z ) : - """This function validates zipcodes. A zipcode can be a 5 digit number, or a 5 digit -number, a hyphen, and a 4 digit number. If this subroutine detects an illegal character, then -it raises ValueError. The subroutine always returns None""" - -# match a 5 digit number with an optional hyphen followed by a 4 digit number - licit_match_set = """([0-9]{5})(-([0-9]{4}))?""" - r = re.search(licit_match_set, z, flags=0 ) - if r==None : - raise ValueError - -argv1 = str.lower(sys.argv[1]) -if argv1 == "sqlite3" : - import sqlite3 as sql - connection = sql.connect('business.db') -elif argv1 == "mysql" : - import MySQLdb as sql - DB = 'business' - (host, user, password ) = get_credentials(DB) - connection = sql.connect(host=host, user=user, passwd=password, db=DB) -else : - print "Usage is \npython %s sqlite3\nor\npython %s mysql\n" % ( sys.argv[0], - sys.argv[0] ) - sys.exit(1) - -cursor = connection.cursor() - -# Since we are starting from scratch, delete the table if it already exists. -cursor.execute("""DROP TABLE IF EXISTS customer""") - -cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE customer ( -first_name VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, -last_name VARCHAR(15) NOT NULL, -address_1 VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, -address_2 VARCHAR(30), -city VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, -state CHAR(2) NOT NULL, -zipcode CHAR(5) NOT NULL, -signup_date DATE, -customer_number INT ) """) - -populate_database() - -print_users_by_state("WA") - -new_city="Cairo" -new_state="IL" -zipcode="62914" -customer_number = "3" - -update_database(new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number) - -print_users_by_state("IL") - -if len(sys.argv) == 3 and sys.argv[2]=="evil" : - """Let's do an SQL injection attack""" - new_city="Aurora" - new_state="IL" - zipcode="60503" - customer_number = "3" - evil = " OR 'x'='x'" - try : - update_database ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number + evil ) - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack failed" - else : - print "The SQL injection attack succeeded" - - print_users_by_state("IL") - new_city="Miami" - new_state="FL" - zipcode="33101" - customer_number = "3" - try : - update_database_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number + evil ) - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack failed by update_database_better" - except ValueError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack was prevented by update_database_better" - else : - print "The SQL injection attack succeeded by update_database_better" - - print_users_by_state("FL") - new_state = "ME" - try : - update_database_better ( new_city, new_state + evil, zipcode, customer_number ) - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack failed by update_database_better" - except ValueError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack was prevented by update_database_better" - else : - print "The SQL injection attack succeeded by update_database_better" - - print_users_by_state("ME") - - - new_state = "WY" - try : - update_database_even_better ( new_city, new_state + evil, zipcode, customer_number ) - except sql.ProgrammingError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack failed by update_database_even_better" - except ValueError,e : - print "The SQL injection attack was prevented by update_database_even_better" - else : - print "The SQL injection attack succeeded by update_database_even_better" - - print_db() - - -connection.close() - diff --git a/strings_files.py b/strings_files.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8e397eb..0000000 --- a/strings_files.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,72 +0,0 @@ -""" -strings_files.py -""" - -# strings - -s = 'happy' -t = 'sad' - -# strings belong to a type - -type(s) - -# strings have operations == < > + * analogous to numeric types - -s == 'happy' -s == t -s < t -s > t -s + t -s*3 - -# strings also have operations of their own: in, find, ... - -'pp' in s -s.find('pp') - -# strings are addressable, indexable - -s[0] -s[-1] -s[1:3] -s[:3] -s[3:] - -# strings are iterable - -for c in s: - print c - -# strings are immutable - -# s[1] = 'o' # not allowed - -# files are a type - -fd = open('ceru_human.sp') - -type(fd) - -# files are iterable - -for line in fd: - print line - -# several things work like files: processes, web pages ... - -import os -pd = os.popen('ls') - -import urllib -wd = urllib.urlopen('http://staff.washington.edu/jon/') - -# exceptions - -try: - fd = open('missing.txt') -except IOError: - print "couldn't open missing.txt" - - - diff --git a/student_list.txt b/student_list.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 3a5cdd8..0000000 --- a/student_list.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -Wilson Bull -Jesse Langdon -John Comstock -Albert Gamponia -Christopher Overly -Connor Heathcote -Ganesh Manika -Allen Su -Pho Diep -David Hatch -Andrew Nelson -John Ross -Jason Carnevale -Steve Minor -Paul Cogswell -Kristin Gannon -Henry Fischer -Divesh Angula -Larry Maley - diff --git a/traffic.py b/traffic.py deleted file mode 100644 index 83f1ee8..0000000 --- a/traffic.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# By Prof. Jonathan Jacky, University of Washington -# -# Week 7 showing object oriented design - -""" -Monte Carlo simulation of a queue of vehicles at an intersection -""" - -import random - -vehicles = ('bus','auto','bike','truck') - -queue = [] # intially empty - -def arrive(): - """ - select random vehicle and add to end of queue, return vehicle - """ - v = random.choice(vehicles) - queue.append(v) - return v - -def depart(): - """ - remove vehicle from head of queue, return vehicle - """ - return queue.pop(0) - -def run(n=3, s=None): - """ - Run simulation of a queue of vehicles at an intersection - n = number of vehicles that arrive - seed = random seed, use any seed > 0 to make run reproducible - """ - random.seed(s) - while n > 0 or queue: - f = random.choice((arrive, depart)) # a typle of functions - if (f == arrive and n > 0) or (f == depart and queue): - v = f() - print '%s %s: %s' % (v, f.__name__, queue) - if f == arrive: - n -= 1 - -if __name__ == '__main__': - run(10) - - - - - - - - diff --git a/traffic_duplicate.py b/traffic_duplicate.py deleted file mode 100644 index 83f1ee8..0000000 --- a/traffic_duplicate.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -# By Prof. Jonathan Jacky, University of Washington -# -# Week 7 showing object oriented design - -""" -Monte Carlo simulation of a queue of vehicles at an intersection -""" - -import random - -vehicles = ('bus','auto','bike','truck') - -queue = [] # intially empty - -def arrive(): - """ - select random vehicle and add to end of queue, return vehicle - """ - v = random.choice(vehicles) - queue.append(v) - return v - -def depart(): - """ - remove vehicle from head of queue, return vehicle - """ - return queue.pop(0) - -def run(n=3, s=None): - """ - Run simulation of a queue of vehicles at an intersection - n = number of vehicles that arrive - seed = random seed, use any seed > 0 to make run reproducible - """ - random.seed(s) - while n > 0 or queue: - f = random.choice((arrive, depart)) # a typle of functions - if (f == arrive and n > 0) or (f == depart and queue): - v = f() - print '%s %s: %s' % (v, f.__name__, queue) - if f == arrive: - n -= 1 - -if __name__ == '__main__': - run(10) - - - - - - - - diff --git a/traverse.py b/traverse.py deleted file mode 100644 index 06d688b..0000000 --- a/traverse.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,29 +0,0 @@ -""" -Generate random path through graph -""" - -import random -from route import puget - -def traverse(graph, n): - """ - Generate random path of length up to n through graph - """ - assert n > 0 - start = random.choice([ here for (here,there) in graph]) - path = [ start ] - n -= 1 - while n > 0: - neighbors = [ there for (here,there) in graph - if here == path[-1]] - if neighbors: - path.append(random.choice(neighbors)) - n -= 1 - else: - break - return path - -print traverse(puget, 4) - - - diff --git a/week-01/code/circle.py b/week-01/code/circle.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..113c1b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/circle.py @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Circle class -- an example class with a few properties + +""" + +import math + + +class Circle(object): + """ + A class that defines a circle. + + You can get and set either the radius or the diameter with properties. + + setable: + + Circle.radius + Circle.diameter + + getable: + + Circle.area + + """ + def __init__(self, radius): + """ + Initialize a new Circle + + :param radius: the radius of the circle + + """ + self.radius = float(radius) + + @property + def diameter(self): + return self.radius * 2.0 + + @diameter.setter + def diameter(self, value): + self.radius = value / 2.0 + + @property + def area(self): + return self.radius**2 * math.pi + + def __add__(self, other): + return Circle(self.radius + other.radius) + + def __repr__(self): + return "Circle(%f)"%self.radius + + def __str__(self): + return "Circle Object with radius: %f"%self.radius + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import doctest + print doctest.testmod() diff --git a/week-01/code/circle_with_doctest.py b/week-01/code/circle_with_doctest.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..9e039a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/circle_with_doctest.py @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Circle class -- an example class with a few properties + +This version with doctests... + +""" + +import math + +class Circle(object): + """ + A class that defines a circle. + + You can get and set either the radius or the diameter with properties. + + setable: + + Circle.radius + Circle.diameter + + getable: + + Circle.area + + Example: + + >>> c = Circle(4) + >>> c.radius + 4.0 + >>> c.diameter + 8.0 + >>> c.diameter = 4 + >>> c.radius + 2.0 + >>> c.area + 12.566370614359172 + >>> c2 = Circle(6) + >>> c + c2 + Circle(8.000000) + >>> str(c2) + 'Circle Object with radius: 6.000000' + >>> + """ + def __init__(self, radius): + """ + Initialize a new Circle + + :param radius: the radius of the circle + + """ + self.radius = float(radius) + + @property + def diameter(self): + return self.radius * 2.0 + @diameter.setter + def diameter(self, value): + self.radius = value / 2.0 + + @property + def area(self): + return self.radius**2 * math.pi + + def __add__(self, other): + return Circle(self.radius + other.radius) + + def __repr__(self): + return "Circle(%f)"%self.radius + + def __str__(self): + return "Circle Object with radius: %f"%self.radius + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import doctest + print doctest.testmod() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-01/code/codingbat.py b/week-01/code/codingbat.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bb34eb --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/codingbat.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Examples from: http://codingbat.com + +Put here so we can write unit tests for them ourselves +""" + +# Python > Warmup-1 > sleep_in + +def sleep_in(weekday, vacation): + return not (weekday == True and vacation == False) + + diff --git a/week-01/code/codingbat_unittest.py b/week-01/code/codingbat_unittest.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..c242e26 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/codingbat_unittest.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +test file for codingbat module + +This version used unittest +""" + +import unittest +from codingbat import sleep_in + +class Test_sleep_in(unittest.TestCase): + + def test_false_false(self): + self.assertTrue( sleep_in(False, False) ) + + def test_true_false(self): + self.assertFalse( sleep_in(True, False) ) + + def test_false_true(self): + self.assertTrue( sleep_in(False, True) ) + + def test_true_true(self): + self.assertTrue( sleep_in(True, True) ) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + unittest.main() + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-01/code/test_codingbat.py b/week-01/code/test_codingbat.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..4923ebf --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/test_codingbat.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +test file for codingbat module + +This version can be run with nose or py.test +""" + +from codingbat import sleep_in + +def test_false_false(): + assert sleep_in(False, False) + +def test_true_false(): + assert not ( sleep_in(True, False) ) + +def test_false_true(): + assert sleep_in(False, True) + +def test_true_true(): + assert sleep_in(True, True) + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-01/code/test_pytest_parameter.py b/week-01/code/test_pytest_parameter.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7f23f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/test_pytest_parameter.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +pytest example of a parameterized test +""" +import pytest + +# a (really simple) function to test +def add(a, b): + """ + returns the sum of a and b + """ + return a + b + +# now some test data: + +test_data = [ ( ( 2, 3), 5), + ( (-3, 2), -1), + ( ( 2, 0.5), 2.5), + ( ( "this", "that"), "this that"), + ( ( [1,2,3], [6,7,8]), [1,2,3,6,7,8]), + ] + +@pytest.mark.parametrize(("input", "result"), test_data) +def test_add(input, result): + assert add(*input) == result diff --git a/week-01/code/test_random_nose.py b/week-01/code/test_random_nose.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6b631b --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/test_random_nose.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +port of the random unit tests from the python docs to nose/py.test +""" + +import random +import nose.tools + +seq = range(10) + +def test_shuffle(): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(seq) + seq.sort() + print seq + assert seq == range(10) + +@nose.tools.raises(TypeError) +def test_shuffle_immutable(): + # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence + random.shuffle( (1,2,3) ) + +def test_choice(): + element = random.choice(seq) + assert (element in seq) + +def test_sample(): + for element in random.sample(seq, 5): + assert element in seq + +@nose.tools.raises(ValueError) +def test_sample_too_large(): + random.sample(seq, 20) diff --git a/week-01/code/test_random_pytest.py b/week-01/code/test_random_pytest.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a245b30 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/test_random_pytest.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +port of the random unit tests from the python docs to nose/py.test +""" + +import random +import pytest + + +seq = range(10) + +def test_shuffle(): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(seq) + seq.sort() + print "seq:", seq + assert seq == range(8) + +def test_shuffle_immutable(): + pytest.raises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3) ) + +def test_choice(): + element = random.choice(seq) + assert (element in seq) + +def test_sample(): + for element in random.sample(seq, 5): + assert element in seq + +def test_sample_too_large(): + with pytest.raises(ValueError): + random.sample(seq, 20) diff --git a/week-01/code/the_answer.py b/week-01/code/the_answer.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65053d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/the_answer.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +really simple doctest example: +""" + +def get_the_answer(): + """ + get_the_answer() -> return the answer to everything + + >>> print get_the_answer() + 42 + """ + return 42 + diff --git a/week-01/code/unittest_example.py b/week-01/code/unittest_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6458e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/code/unittest_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +import random +import unittest + +class TestSequenceFunctions(unittest.TestCase): + + def setUp(self): + self.seq = range(10) + + def test_shuffle(self): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(self.seq) + self.seq.sort() + self.assertEqual(self.seq, range(10)) + + # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence + self.assertRaises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3) ) + + def test_choice(self): + element = random.choice(self.seq) + self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) + + def test_sample(self): + with self.assertRaises(ValueError): + random.sample(self.seq, 20) + for element in random.sample(self.seq, 5): + self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-01/presentation-week01.pdf b/week-01/presentation-week01.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..495c592 Binary files /dev/null and b/week-01/presentation-week01.pdf differ diff --git a/week-01/presentation-week01.tex b/week-01/presentation-week01.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba31609 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-01/presentation-week01.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usetheme{Warsaw} +\title[Python Certificate: System Development]{System Development with Python: Week 1} +\author{Christopher Barker} +\institute{UW Continuing Education} +\date{March 26, 2013} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Table of Contents} +%\tableofcontents[currentsection] + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + + +\section{Class Overview} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Class Structure} + +{\Large +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item Lecture + \item Labs + \item Summary + \item Project time +\end{itemize} +} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Testing} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Testing} + +\vfill +{\Large I hope I don't need to tell you why testing is important} + +\vfill +{\Large I'll focus on testing your Python code -- not another system} + +\vfill +{\Large Mostly unit testing} + +\vfill +{\Large And an introduction to some of the tools} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Python Testing Taxonomy} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item Unit Testing Tools + \item Mock Testing Tools + \item Fuzz Testing Tools + \item Web Testing Tools + \item Acceptance/Business Logic Testing Tools + \item GUI Testing Tools + \item Source Code Checking Tools + \item Code Coverage Tools + \item Continuous Integration Tools + \item Automatic Test Runners + \item Test Fixtures + \item Miscellaneous Python Testing Tools +\end{enumerate} + +\vfill +\url{http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Testing} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Regression Testing:} + +\vfill +{\Large Regression testing is any type of software testing that seeks to +uncover new software bugs, or regressions, in existing functional and +non-functional areas of a system after changes} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Unit Testing:} + +\vfill +{\Large Unit testing is a method by which individual units of source code, +sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control +data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine if +they are fit for use} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{doctest} + +{\LARGEdoctest} + +\vfill +{\Large \vspace{0.3in} -- In the stdlib} + +\vfill +{\Large \vspace{0.3in} -- Unique to Python?} + +\vfill +{\Large \vspace{0.3in} -- Literate programming} + +\vfill +{\Large \vspace{0.3in} -- Verify examples in the docs} + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html} + + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{doctest example} + + +\begin{verbatim} +def get_the_answer(): + """ + get_the_answer() -> return the answer to everything + + >>> print get_the_answer() + 42 + """ + return 42 +\end{verbatim} + +(\verb|code/the_answer.py|) + +\vfill +{\Large An exact dump of the command line output} + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{doctest uses} + +{\large +`` +As mentioned in the introduction, doctest has grown to have three primary uses: + +\begin{itemize} + \item Checking examples in docstrings. + \item Regression testing. + \item Executable documentation / literate testing. +\end{itemize} + +These uses have different requirements, and it is important to distinguish them. +In particular, filling your docstrings with obscure test cases makes for bad +documentation.'' +} + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{running doctests} + +{\Large In \verb|__name__ == "__main__"| block:} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +if __name__ == "__main__": + import doctest + doctest.testmod() +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\large (Tests the current module) } + + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/doctest.html} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{running doctests} + +\vfill +{\Large In an external file:} + +\begin{verbatim} + doctest.testfile("name_of_test_file.txt") +\end{verbatim} + +{\large Tests the docs in the file (ReSt format...) } + + +\vfill +{\large With a test runner: more on that later} + +\vfill +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{running doctests} + +\vfill +{\large In a documentation system:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Sphinx:} + +\vfill +{\Large Sphinx is a tool that makes it easy to create intelligent and beautiful documentation} + +\vfill +{\Large -- Lots of output options: html, pdf, epub, etc, etc...} + +\vfill +{\Large -- Can auto-generate docs from docstrings} + +\vfill +{\Large -- And run the doctests} + +\vfill +\url{http://sphinx.pocoo.org/} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Code Checking} + +{\LARGE Not Really testing, but...} + +\vfill +{\LARGE pychecker}\\ +\url{http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/} + +\vfill +{\LARGE pylint}\\ +\url{http://www.logilab.org/857/} + +\vfill +{\LARGE pyflakes}\\ +\url{http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyflakes} + +\vfill +{\Large Will help you keep your source code clean} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Coding Style} + +{\Large Coding style really helps readability} + +Keep it consistent within your project + +\vfill + +{\Large Options:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Your company style guide + + \item PEP 8 \\ + \url{http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/} + + \item Another Established Style (Google's is pretty good) \\ + \url{http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pyguide.html} +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Coding Style} + + +{\LARGE\verb|pep8.py|} + +\vfill +{\Large Tells you when you have code \\ + that doesn't follow PEP 8} + +\vfill +{\large \verb| pip install pep8 | } + +\vfill +\url{http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pep8/} + +\end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\Large doctests:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item doctest + \begin{itemize} + \item Add doctests to the Circle class in the code dir + \item Run it from the \verb|if __name__ == "__main__"| clause\\ + (\verb|code\circle.py|) + \end{itemize} + \item Code style + \begin{itemize} + \item Try running \verb|pylint, pychecker or pyflakes| on it + \item Run pep8 on it + \item (or your own code) + \end{itemize} + +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +\section{Unit Testing} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Unit Testing} + +{\LARGE Gaining Traction} + +\vfill +{\Large You need to test your code when you write it -- why not preserve those tests?} + +\vfill +{\Large And allow you to auto-run them later?} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Test-Driven development:}\\[0.1in] +{\Large \hspace{0.3in} Write the tests before the code} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Unit Testing} + +{\LARGE My thoughts:} + +\vfill +{\Large Unit testing encourages clean, decoupled design} + +\vfill +{\Large If it's hard to write unit tests for -- it's not well designed} + +\vfill +{\Large but...} + +\vfill +{\Large ``complete'' test coverage is a fantasy} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{PyUnit} + +{\LARGE PyUnit: the stdlib unit testing framework} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|import unittest|} + +\vfill +{\Large More or less a port of Junit from Java} + +\vfill +{\Large A bit verbose: you have to write classes \& methods} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{unittest example} + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +import random +import unittest + +class TestSequenceFunctions(unittest.TestCase): + + def setUp(self): + self.seq = range(10) + + def test_shuffle(self): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(self.seq) + self.seq.sort() + self.assertEqual(self.seq, range(10)) + + # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence + self.assertRaises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3)) +\end{verbatim} +} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{unittest example (cont)} + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} + def test_choice(self): + element = random.choice(self.seq) + self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) + + def test_sample(self): + with self.assertRaises(ValueError): + random.sample(self.seq, 20) + for element in random.sample(self.seq, 5): + self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() +\end{verbatim} +} + +\vfill +(\verb|code/unitest_example.py|) + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/unittest.html} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{unittest} + +{\Large Lots of good tutorials out there:} + +\vfill +{\Large Google: ``python unittest tutorial''} + +\vfill +{\Large I first learned from this one:}\\[0.1in] +\url{http://www.diveintopython.net/unit_testing/index.html} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{nose and pytest} + +{\Large Due to its Java heritage, unittest is kind of verbose} + +\vfill +{\Large Also no test discovery}\\ +\hspace{0.2in}(though unittest2 does add that...) + +\vfill +{\Large So folks invented nose and pytest} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{nose} + +{\LARGE \verb|nose|} + +\vfill +{\Large \hspace{0.2in} Is nicer testing for python} + +\vfill +{\Large \hspace{0.2in} nose extends unittest to make testing easier.} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} + $ pip install nose + + $ nosetests unittest_example.py +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\url{http://nose.readthedocs.org/en/latest/} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{nose example} + +{\Large The same example -- with nose} + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +import random +import nose.tools + +seq = range(10) + +def test_shuffle(): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(seq) + seq.sort() + assert seq == range(10) + +@nose.tools.raises(TypeError) +def test_shuffle_immutable(): + # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence + random.shuffle( (1,2,3) ) +\end{verbatim} +} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{nose example (cont) } + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +def test_choice(): + element = random.choice(seq) + assert (element in seq) + +def test_sample(): + for element in random.sample(seq, 5): + assert element in seq + +@nose.tools.raises(ValueError) +def test_sample_too_large(): + random.sample(seq, 20) +\end{verbatim} +} + +\vfill +(\verb|code/test_random_nose.py|) + +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{pytest} + +{\LARGE \verb|pytest|} + +\vfill +{\Large \hspace{0.2in} A mature full-featured testing tool} + +\vfill +{\Large \hspace{0.2in} Provides no-boilerplate testing} + +\vfill +{\Large \hspace{0.2in} Integrates many common testing methods} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} + $ pip install pytest + + $ py.test unittest_example.py +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\url{http://pytest.org/latest/} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{pytest example} + +{\Large The same example -- with pytest} + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +import random +import pytest + +seq = range(10) + +def test_shuffle(): + # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements + random.shuffle(seq) + seq.sort() + assert seq == range(10) + +def test_shuffle_immutable(): + pytest.raises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3) ) +\end{verbatim} +} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{pytest example (cont) } + +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +def test_choice(): + element = random.choice(seq) + assert (element in seq) + +def test_sample(): + for element in random.sample(seq, 5): + assert element in seq + +def test_sample_too_large(): + with pytest.raises(ValueError): + random.sample(seq, 20) +\end{verbatim} +} + +\vfill +(\verb|code/test_random_pytest.py|) + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{A Diversion:} + +{\LARGE Context Managers:} {\Large the \verb|with| statement} + +\vfill +{\Large A class with \verb|__enter__()| and \verb|__exit__()| methods.} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|__enter__()| is run before your block of code} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|__exit__()| is run after your block of code} + +\vfill +{\Large Can be used to setup/cleanup before and after: open/closing files, db connections, etc} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{A Diversion } + +{\Large ``PEP 343: the \verb|with| statement''} \\ +\hspace{0.2in} -- A.M. Kuchling + +\url{http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/2.6.html#pep-343-the-with-statement} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Understanding Python's \verb|with| statement''} \\ +\hspace{0.2in} -- Fredrik Lundh + +\url{http://effbot.org/zone/python-with-statement.htm} + +\vfill +{\Large ``The Python \verb|with| Statement by Example''} \\ +\hspace{0.2in} -- Jeff Preshing + +\url{http://preshing.com/20110920/the-python-with-statement-by-example} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Parameterized Tests} + +{\Large A whole set of inputs and outputs to test?} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|pytest| has a nice way to do that (so does nose...)} + +\begin{verbatim} +import pytest +@pytest.mark.parametrize(("input", "expected"), [ + ("3+5", 8), + ("2+4", 6), + ("6*9", 42), +]) +def test_eval(input, expected): + assert eval(input) == expected +\end{verbatim} + +\url{http://pytest.org/latest/example/parametrize.html} + +\vfill +(\verb|code/test_pytest_parameter.py|) +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Test Coverage} + +{\LARGE \verb|coverage.py |} + +\vfill +{\Large Uses debugging hook to see which lines of code are actually executed +-- plugins exist for most (all?) test runners} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|pip install coverage |} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|nosetests --with-coverage test_codingbat.py|} + +\vfill +\url{http://nedbatchelder.com/code/coverage/} +\end{frame} + +% -------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Coding Bat} + +{\LARGE Coding Bat:} + +\url{http://codingbat.com/python} + +\vfill +{\Large Quicky little code excercises} + +\vfill +{\Large Tells you what unit tests to write:} + +\url{http://codingbat.com/prob/p118406} + +\vfill +{\Large We'll use them for our lab} + +\vfill +{\large ...and you might want to do a few for practice anyway...} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\Large Unit Testing:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item unittest + \begin{itemize} + \item Pick a \url{codingbat.com} example + \item Write a set of unit tests using \verb|unittest| + (\verb|code\codingbat.py codingbat_unittest.py|) + \end{itemize} + \item pytest / nose + \begin{itemize} + \item Test a \url{codingbat.com} with nose or pytest + \item Try doing test-driven development + (\verb|code\test_codingbat.py|) + \end{itemize} + + \item try running your circle doctest with nose, pytest\\ + (and/or add doctests to your codingbat example) + \item try running \verb|coverage| on your tests +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +\section{Packaging Your Stuff} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Distributing} + +{\LARGE What if you need to distribute you own code?} + +\vfill +{\Large Scripts} + +\vfill +{\Large Libraries } + +\vfill +{\Large Applications } +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Scripts} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Often you can just copy, share, or check in the script to source +control and call it good.} + +\vfill +{\large (But only if it's a single file, and doesn't need anything non-standard) } +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Scripts} + +\vfill +{\LARGE When the script needs more than just the stdlib (or your company standard environment)} + +\vfill +{\LARGE You have an application, not a script} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Libraries} + +\vfill +{\LARGE When you read the distutils docs, it's usually libraries they're talking about} + + +\vfill +{\LARGE Scripts + library is the same...} + + +\vfill +(\url{http://docs.python.org/distutils/}) +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{distutils} + +\vfill +{\LARGE \verb|distutils| makes it easy to do the easy stuff:} + +\vfill +{\Large Distribute and install to multiple platforms, etc.} + +\vfill +{\Large Even binaries, installers and compiled packages} + +\vfill +{\Large (Except dependencies)} + +\vfill +(\url{http://docs.python.org/distutils/}) +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{distutils basics} + +\vfill +{\Large It's all in the \verb|setup.py file|:} + +\begin{verbatim} +from distutils.core import setup +setup(name='Distutils', + version='1.0', + description='Python Distribution Utilities', + author='Greg Ward', + author_email='gward@python.net', + url='http://www.python.org/sigs/distutils-sig/', + packages=['distutils', 'distutils.command'], + ) +\end{verbatim} +\vfill +(\url{http://docs.python.org/distutils/}) +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{distutils basics} + +{\Large Once your setup.py is written, you can:} + +\begin{verbatim} +python setup.py ... + +build build everything needed to install +install install everything from build directory +sdist create a source distribution + (tarball, zip file, etc.) +bdist create a built (binary) distribution +bdist_rpm create an RPM distribution +bdist_wininst create an executable installer for MS Windows +upload upload binary package to PyPI +\end{verbatim} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{More Complex Packaging} + +{\Large For a complex package:} + +\vfill +{\Large You want to use a well structured setup:} + +\vfill +\url{http://guide.python-distribute.org/creation.html} +\vfill +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Package Structure} + +\begin{verbatim} +ProjectName/ + scripts/ + CHANGES.txt + docs/ + LICENSE.txt + setup.py + project_package/ + __init__.py + module1.py + module2.py + tests/ + test_module1.py + test_module2.py +\end{verbatim} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{develop mode} + +{\Large While you are developing your package, Installing it is a pain.} + +\vfill +{\Large But you want your code to be able to import, etc. as though it were installed.} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|setup.py develop| +\vfill +installs links to your code, rather than copies + -- so it looks like it's installed, but it's using the original source} + +\vfill +{\Large You need \verb|distribute| (or \verb|setuptools|) to use it.} +\vfill +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Applications} + +{\Large For a complete application:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Web apps + \item GUI apps +\end{itemize} + +{\Large Multiple options:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Virtualenv + RCS + \item zc.buildout ( \url{http://www.buildout.org/} ) + \item System packages (rpm, deb, ...) + \item Bundles... +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Bundles} + +{\Large +Bundles are Python + all your code + plus all the dependencies -- +all in one single ``bundle'' + +\vfill +Most popular on Windows and OS-X +} +\begin{verbatim} + py2exe + py2app + pyinstaller + ... +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large User doesn't even have to know it's python } + +\vfill +Examples: \\ +\hspace{0.5in} \url{http://www.bitpim.org/} \\ +\hspace{0.5in} \url{http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/nucos} + +\end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap up} + +\vfill +{\Large Hopefully you've got a bit of an idea how to do\\[0.1in] + unit testing in Python.} + +\vfill +{\Large And will now start doing it.} + +\vfill +{\Large And an idea how to set up your package...} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Next Week:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE The python debugger pdb} + +\vfill +{\Large -- Jeff} + +\vfill +{\Large And of course, your projects...} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Homework} + +For the entire quarter, your homework is to work on your projects + +For next week: + +\begin{itemize} + \item Set up the package structure + \item Put it in gitHub (or some RCS) + \item Map out the design + \item Develop a "plan of attack" + \item Determine major third party packages you will need. + \item Write at least a few unit tests (even if they all fail!) +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Homework} + +{\Large A Plan of Attack} +\vfill +A plan of attack is an outline for how you intend to tackle you project -- what you will do first, second, etc, and how long you think each component will take. +\vfill +It doesn't need to be terribly detailed -- perhaps mapped out week by week. +\vfill +Note that at the end of the class you will present your work -- and you should have \emph{something} working -- I'd rather see one working feature than 10 semi-completed but disfunctional ones. + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Project Time!} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Do you have a project? + \item Do you have a team? + \item Do you know what modules you'll need? + \item Let's get to work! +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + + diff --git a/week-02/placeholder.txt b/week-02/placeholder.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..badc77d --- /dev/null +++ b/week-02/placeholder.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +Slides on pdb, the python debugger, are at https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1BNrdSU1fcYsMhCy-Zi0Opf7WSnPZTtiVFwop8F1gSQY/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 +The slides on lambda functions are at https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1GMMrDXzYFMFRn9ufrVUGb0vSBGO7VkV6GLAdu46CVzA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000 + + diff --git a/snafu_1.py b/week-02/snafu_3.py similarity index 77% rename from snafu_1.py rename to week-02/snafu_3.py index 1b4f6e0..d522d94 100644 --- a/snafu_1.py +++ b/week-02/snafu_3.py @@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ # debugger # # -import math +import cmath import pdb pdb.set_trace() # for ipython, cpython doesn't need it def discriminant(A, B, C) : """Return the discriminant of the quadratic: B^2-4AC""" - r = math.sqrt(B*B - 2*A*C) + r = cmath.sqrt(B*B - 4*A*C) return r def abs_err(a, b): @@ -20,12 +20,17 @@ def abs_err(a, b): def test_function (A, B, C, x, yt, err_limit ) : y = A*x*x+B*x+C assert abs_err(y, yt) <= err_limit,\ - "The test function returns an incorrect value %f should be %f" % (y, yt) + "The test function returns an incorrect value %f should be %f" % (y.real, yt) return # This is a useless comment print "Good values to try include 32,16,0, 1,4,3 and 0,16,32" -A = float(raw_input("Enter A ")) +while True: + A = float(raw_input("Enter A ")) + if A != 0.0 : + break + print "Do not enter the value 0.0 for A" + B = float(raw_input("Enter B ")) C = float(raw_input("Enter C ")) @@ -38,7 +43,7 @@ def test_function (A, B, C, x, yt, err_limit ) : test_function( A, B, C, r2, 0.0, 1.0E-15 ) -print "The roots are %f and %f" % ( r1, r2) +print "The roots are %s and %s" % ( str(r1), str(r2) ) diff --git a/week-02/sort_lambda.py b/week-02/sort_lambda.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ffe2c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-02/sort_lambda.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# This program demonstrates the use of the lambda function to sort a list of +# tuples +# +# +my_list = [('one',2,['eggs','cheese']), + ('seventeen',17,['oregano','paparika']), + ('six',6,['steak','lobster']), + ('twelve',12,['beer','soda'])] + +print "Before", my_list +my_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[1]) +print "\nAfter", my_list + + + diff --git a/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.ipynb b/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73128d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "StringFormatDemo" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "fp = 3.4\n", + "complex = 3+4j" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"%f\"%(fp)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"%f, %f\"%(fp, complex)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"%f, %f+%fj\"%(fp, complex.real, complex.imag)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "But what if you don't know what kind of object you need to format in your string?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"%s\"%(\"The string formatter\")" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# works for anything...\n", + "\"%s, %s\"%(fp, complex)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "What it does is call the __str__ method on the object.\n", + "\n", + "There is also \"%r\" which calls the __repr__ method." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"%r, %r\"%(fp, complex)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "class test(object):\n", + " def __str__(self):\n", + " return \"This is the ouput of the __str__ method\"\n", + " def __repr__(self):\n", + " return \"This is the ouput of the __repr__ method\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "t = test()\n", + "\"%s\"%t" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\"%r\"%t" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.py b/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78faae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/StringFormatDemo.py @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# <nbformat>3.0</nbformat> + +# <codecell> + +fp = 3.4 +complex = 3+4j + +# <codecell> + +print "%f"%(fp) + +# <codecell> + +print "%f, %f"%(fp, complex) + +# <codecell> + +print "%f, %f+%fj"%(fp, complex.real, complex.imag) + +# <markdowncell> + +# But what if you don't know what kind of object you need to format in your string? + +# <codecell> + +print "%s"%("The string formatter") + +# <codecell> + +# works for anything... +"%s, %s"%(fp, complex) + +# <markdowncell> + +# What it does is call the __str__ method on the object. +# +# There is also "%r" which calls the __repr__ method. + +# <codecell> + +"%r, %r"%(fp, complex) + +# <codecell> + +class test(object): + def __str__(self): + return "This is the ouput of the __str__ method" + def __repr__(self): + return "This is the ouput of the __repr__ method" + +# <codecell> + +t = test() +"%s"%t + +# <codecell> + +"%r"%t + +# <codecell> + + diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.ipynb b/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc1d055 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,379 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "DecoratorDemo" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Demostration of Decorators:\n", + "\n", + " (Adapted from Jon Jacky's Intro to Python class)\n", + "\n", + "Creating a function in a function...." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def addn(n):\n", + " def adder(i):\n", + " return i + n\n", + " return adder" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "NOTE: you oculd use lambda for something as simple as this..." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add2 = addn(2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add2 (1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add3 = addn(3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add3(1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "A function that takes a function as an argument, and returns a function can be a decorator.\n", + "\n", + "It usually creates a function inside its scope..." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Pass a function as an argument, use that to define the function you return.\n", + "\n", + "(first a couple functions to use...)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def odd(i):\n", + " return i%2\n", + "def even(i):\n", + " return not odd(i)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "And write a wrapper for them...." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def sieve(f):\n", + " def siever(s):\n", + " return [x for x in s if f(x)]\n", + " return siever" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Make a couple of sieves:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "oddsieve = sieve(odd)\n", + "evensieve = sieve(even)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "And try them out:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "s = range(10)\n", + "s" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "oddsieve(s)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "evensieve(s)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "The decorator operator @ abbreviates the preceding pattern\n", + "\n", + "`@f\n", + " def g\n", + "`\n", + "means\n", + "\n", + "`g = f(g)`" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "@sieve\n", + "def osieve(i):\n", + " return i % 2\n", + "\n", + "@sieve\n", + "def esieve(i):\n", + " return not (i % 2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "osieve(s)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "esieve(s)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "A callable class can be used as a function, so \n", + "you can also use a class as a decorator\n", + "\n", + "(classes and objects are callable (via `__init__` and `__call__`))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "class Memoize:\n", + " \"\"\"\n", + " memoize decorator from avinash.vora\n", + " http://avinashv.net/2008/04/python-decorators-syntactic-sugar/\n", + " \"\"\"\n", + " def __init__(self, function): # runs when memoize class is called\n", + " self.function = function\n", + " self.memoized = {}\n", + "\n", + " def __call__(self, *args): # runs when memoize instance is called\n", + " try:\n", + " return self.memoized[args]\n", + " except KeyError:\n", + " self.memoized[args] = self.function(*args)\n", + " return self.memoized[args]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "To use it -- the nifty decorator syntax:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "@Memoize # same effect as sum2x = memoize(sum2x)\n", + "def sum2x(n):\n", + " return sum(2 * i for i in xrange(n)) # takes time when n > 10 million" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "call it:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "sum2x(10)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "sum2x(10)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "But slow if you call it with a big number:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import time\n", + "start = time.clock()\n", + "sum2x(10000000)\n", + "print \"it took %f seconds to run\"%(time.clock() - start)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "But the second time..." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import time\n", + "start = time.clock()\n", + "sum2x(10000000)\n", + "print \"it took %f seconds to run\"%(time.clock() - start)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Quiz time: what is sum2x ?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "repr(sum2x)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.py b/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37b82c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/DecoratorDemo.py @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# <nbformat>3.0</nbformat> + +# <markdowncell> + +# Demostration of Decorators: +# +# (Adapted from Jon Jacky's Intro to Python class) +# +# Creating a function in a function.... + +# <codecell> + +def addn(n): + def adder(i): + return i + n + return adder + +# <markdowncell> + +# NOTE: you oculd use lambda for something as simple as this... + +# <codecell> + +add2 = addn(2) + +# <codecell> + +add2 (1) + +# <codecell> + +add3 = addn(3) + +# <codecell> + +add3(1) + +# <markdowncell> + +# A function that takes a function as an argument, and returns a function can be a decorator. +# +# It usually creates a function inside its scope... + +# <markdowncell> + +# Pass a function as an argument, use that to define the function you return. +# +# (first a couple functions to use...) + +# <codecell> + +def odd(i): + return i%2 +def even(i): + return not odd(i) + +# <markdowncell> + +# And write a wrapper for them.... + +# <codecell> + +def sieve(f): + def siever(s): + return [x for x in s if f(x)] + return siever + +# <markdowncell> + +# Make a couple of sieves: + +# <codecell> + +oddsieve = sieve(odd) +evensieve = sieve(even) + +# <markdowncell> + +# And try them out: + +# <codecell> + +s = range(10) +s + +# <codecell> + +oddsieve(s) + +# <codecell> + +evensieve(s) + +# <markdowncell> + +# The decorator operator @ abbreviates the preceding pattern +# +# `@f +# def g +# ` +# means +# +# `g = f(g)` + +# <codecell> + +@sieve +def osieve(i): + return i % 2 + +@sieve +def esieve(i): + return not (i % 2) + +# <codecell> + +osieve(s) + +# <codecell> + +esieve(s) + +# <markdowncell> + +# A callable class can be used as a function, so +# you can also use a class as a decorator +# +# (classes and objects are callable (via `__init__` and `__call__`)) + +# <codecell> + +class Memoize: + """ + memoize decorator from avinash.vora + http://avinashv.net/2008/04/python-decorators-syntactic-sugar/ + """ + def __init__(self, function): # runs when memoize class is called + self.function = function + self.memoized = {} + + def __call__(self, *args): # runs when memoize instance is called + try: + return self.memoized[args] + except KeyError: + self.memoized[args] = self.function(*args) + return self.memoized[args] + +# <markdowncell> + +# To use it -- the nifty decorator syntax: + +# <codecell> + +@Memoize # same effect as sum2x = memoize(sum2x) +def sum2x(n): + return sum(2 * i for i in xrange(n)) # takes time when n > 10 million + +# <markdowncell> + +# call it: + +# <codecell> + +sum2x(10) + +# <codecell> + +sum2x(10) + +# <markdowncell> + +# But slow if you call it with a big number: + +# <codecell> + +import time +start = time.clock() +sum2x(10000000) +print "it took %f seconds to run"%(time.clock() - start) + +# <markdowncell> + +# But the second time... + +# <codecell> + +import time +start = time.clock() +sum2x(10000000) +print "it took %f seconds to run"%(time.clock() - start) + +# <markdowncell> + +# Quiz time: what is sum2x ? + +# <codecell> + +repr(sum2x) + +# <codecell> + + diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/MattExample.py b/week-03/code/decorators/MattExample.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b47941a --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/MattExample.py @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +class DecTest(object): + """ + Testing the use of decorators and an init method. + """ + + def __init__(self, inName='NoName'): + """Set some defaults for this class""" + # Changing '_name' to 'name' still works, why? + self._internal_name = inName + + @property + def name(self): + return self._internal_name + + @name.setter + def name(self, value): + if isinstance(value, str): + # Why do i need to use '_name' and not 'name'? + self._internal_name = value + else: + raise ValueError('Expected String! Got %s' % type(value)) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + # Should Use Setter and Getter + decNoInit = DecTest() + decNoInit.name = 'Matt' + assert decNoInit.name == 'Matt' + print 'decNoInit: %s' % decNoInit.name + + # Attempting to alter a 'private' variable directly. + decAlterPrivateAttr = DecTest('Matt') + assert decAlterPrivateAttr.name == 'Matt' + print 'decAlterPrivateAttr Default Value: %s' % decAlterPrivateAttr.name + decAlterPrivateAttr._internal_name = 'Steven' + assert decAlterPrivateAttr.name == 'Steven' + print 'decAlterPrivateAttr Altered Private Variable Directly: %s' % decAlterPrivateAttr.name + + # Defer to default value. + decDefault = DecTest() + assert decDefault.name == 'NoName' + print 'decDefault.name: %s' % decDefault.name + + # Init method will allow us to store an int, bypassing the setter method. + """ + # TODO: How can i use my setter function within my __init__() method, + # To perform type checking when an instance is constructed? + """ + decUseInit = DecTest(2) + print 'decUseInit Init Value: %s' % decUseInit.name + # Here we use the setter method, and an error is thrown. + decUseInit.name = 100 + print 'decUseInit Setter Value: %s' % decUseInit.name \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.ipynb b/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78f9522 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "basicmath" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def add(a,b):\n", + " return a+b" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add(3,4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "What if we want to log when that function is called?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def logged_add(a, b):\n", + " print '### %s(%r, %r)' % ('add', a, b)\n", + " result = add(a, b)\n", + " print '### %s(%r, %r) --> %r' % ('add', a, b, result)\n", + " return result" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "could change all calls to this -- blech!\n", + "\n", + "so instead write a wrapper:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def logged(func):\n", + " def wrapper(a, b):\n", + " print '### %s(%r, %r)' % (func.func_name, a, b)\n", + " result = func(a, b)\n", + " print '### %s(%r, %r) --> %r' % (func.func_name, a, b, result)\n", + " return result\n", + " return wrapper" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "re-define add..." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add = logged(add)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "add(3,4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "And use it for other functions, too:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def subtract(a, b):\n", + " \"\"\"subtract() subtracts two things\"\"\"\n", + " return a - b\n", + "subtract = logged(subtract)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "subtract(7,4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Make it more general -- to take any number of arguments:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def logged(func):\n", + " def wrapper(*args):\n", + " print '### %s(%s)' % (func.func_name, args)\n", + " result = func(*args)\n", + " print '### %s(%s) --> %r' % (func.func_name, args, result)\n", + " return result\n", + " return wrapper" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "A function with one argument:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def even(a):\n", + " \"\"\"even() returns True if the value is even\"\"\"\n", + " return a % 2 == 0\n", + "even = logged(even)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "even(3)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "even(4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.py b/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..567440d --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/basicmath.py @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# <nbformat>3.0</nbformat> + +# <codecell> + +def add(a,b): + return a+b + +# <codecell> + +add(3,4) + +# <markdowncell> + +# What if we want to log when that function is called? + +# <codecell> + +def logged_add(a, b): + print '### %s(%r, %r)' % ('add', a, b) + result = add(a, b) + print '### %s(%r, %r) --> %r' % ('add', a, b, result) + return result + +# <markdowncell> + +# could change all calls to this -- blech! +# +# so instead write a wrapper: + +# <codecell> + +def logged(func): + def wrapper(a, b): + print '### %s(%r, %r)' % (func.func_name, a, b) + result = func(a, b) + print '### %s(%r, %r) --> %r' % (func.func_name, a, b, result) + return result + return wrapper + +# <markdowncell> + +# re-define add... + +# <codecell> + +add = logged(add) + +# <codecell> + +add(3,4) + +# <markdowncell> + +# And use it for other functions, too: + +# <codecell> + +def subtract(a, b): + """subtract() subtracts two things""" + return a - b +subtract = logged(subtract) + +# <codecell> + +subtract(7,4) + +# <markdowncell> + +# Make it more general -- to take any number of arguments: + +# <codecell> + +def logged(func): + def wrapper(*args): + print '### %s(%s)' % (func.func_name, args) + result = func(*args) + print '### %s(%s) --> %r' % (func.func_name, args, result) + return result + return wrapper + +# <markdowncell> + +# A function with one argument: + +# <codecell> + +def even(a): + """even() returns True if the value is even""" + return a % 2 == 0 +even = logged(even) + +# <codecell> + +even(3) + +# <codecell> + +even(4) + +# <markdowncell> + +# Wouldn't it be nice to have a cleaner syntax that this??? + diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper.py b/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7ac0a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper.py @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +""" +Python decorator example + +simple decorator that turns any function that returns a string +into one that returns that string wrapped in the html <p> tag: + +@p_wrapper +def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + +func() + +Advanced: + +Try using a class to make a decorator that will wrap a +specified tag around a function that returns a string -- i.e: + +@tag_wrapper('h1') +def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + +>>> print func2(3,4) +<h1>the sum of 3 and 4 and 2 is 9</h1> + + +""" + +# the simple decorator + +def p_wrapper(f): + """ + fill in decorator here + """ + pass + + + +# give it a try: +if __name__ == "__main__": + + def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + + print "the raw version" + + print func() + + # now add the decorator: + @p_wrapper + def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + + print "the decorated version" + + print func() + + # try it with another function + + @p_wrapper + def func2(x,y): + return "the sum of %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, x+y) + + # call it: + print func2(3,4) + + # and one with keyword arguments + + @p_wrapper + def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + # call it: + print func2(3) + print func2(3, 5) + print func2(3, 5, 7) + + + # ## and try the class version: + + # @tag_wrapper('h1') + # def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + # return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + # print func2(3,4) + + # @tag_wrapper('div') + # def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + # return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + # print func2(5,6,7) + diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper_solution.py b/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper_solution.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a277c67 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/p_wrapper_solution.py @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +""" +Python decorator example + +simple decorator that turns any function that returns a string +into one that returns that string wrapped in the html <p> tag: + +@p_wrapper +def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + +func() + +""" + +# the simple decorator + +def p_wrapper(func): + def function(*args, **kwargs): + result = func(*args, **kwargs) + return "<p>" + result + "</p>" + return function + + +# fancy one using a class: +# this lets you make a decorator with some custom input +# the argument to the __init__ sets what tag you want +# this creates a custom decorator +# the __call__ method is the decorator itself. +class tag_wrapper(object): + def __init__(self, tag='p' ): + """ + inititilze the decorator class with the tag you want + """ + self.open_tag = "<%s>"%tag + self.close_tag = "</%s>"%tag + + def __call__(self, func, *args, **kwargs): + """ + The actual decorator function. + + using lambda - 'cause why not? + """ + return lambda *args, **kwargs: self.open_tag + func(*args, **kwargs) + self.close_tag + + +# give it a try: +if __name__ == "__main__": + + def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + + print "the raw version" + + print func() + + # now add the decorator: + @p_wrapper + def func(): + " simplest example possible" + return "this is the returned string" + + print "the decorated version" + + print func() + + # try it with another function + + @p_wrapper + def func2(x,y): + return "the sum of %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, x+y) + + # call it: + print func2(3,4) + + # and one with keyword arguments + + @p_wrapper + def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + # call it: + print func2(3) + print func2(3, 5) + print func2(3, 5, 7) + + ## and try the class version: + + @tag_wrapper('h1') + def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + print func2(3,4) + + @tag_wrapper('div') + def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + print func2(5,6,7) + + diff --git a/week-03/code/decorators/test_circle_properties.py b/week-03/code/decorators/test_circle_properties.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63db6bf --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/decorators/test_circle_properties.py @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +import pytest + +""" +code that tests the circle class defined in circle.py + +designed to be run with py.test + +(but most will run with nose, too) + +""" + +#from circle_properties import Circle +from circle_properties_solution import Circle + + +def test_basic(): + c = Circle(4) + print "the radius:", c.radius + print "the diameter:", c.diameter + print "the area:", c.area + print "the repr():", repr(c) + print "the str():", str(c) + assert c.radius == 4 + assert c.diameter == 8 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 50.26548 + + +def test_change_r(): + """ + testing changing the radius + """ + c = Circle(4) + + #"setting the radius to 2:" + c.radius = 2 + assert c.radius == 2 + assert c.diameter == 4 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 12.56637 + +def test_change_d(): + """ + testing changing the diameter + """ + c = Circle(4) + + c.diameter = 4 + assert c.radius == 2 + assert c.diameter == 4 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 12.56637 + +## tesing properties errors +## These require pytest + +def test_delete(): + # trying to delete the diameter + c = Circle(4) + with pytest.raises(AttributeError): + del c.diameter + +def test_set_area(): + # trying to set the area + c = Circle(4) + with pytest.raises(AttributeError): + c.area = 12 + +def test_add_circles(): + """ + testing the addition of two circle objects + """ + c1 = Circle(2) + c2 = Circle(4) + c3 = c1 + c2 + assert c3.radius == 6 + assert c3.diameter == 12 + +def test_repr(): + c = Circle(5) + assert repr(c) == 'Circle(5.000000)' + +def test_str(): + c = Circle(5) + print str(c) + assert str(c) == 'Circle Object with radius: 5.000000' + +def test_from_diameter(): + c = Circle.from_diameter(6.0) + assert c.radius == 3.0 + + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_demo.py b/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_demo.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be5ee36 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_demo.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# <nbformat>3.0</nbformat> + +# <markdowncell> + +# ## keyword argument scope demo + +# <markdowncell> + +# Define a variable in the global scope: + +# <codecell> + +a = 5 + +# <markdowncell> + +# Use that variable in a function: + +# <codecell> + +def add(x): + return x + a + +# <markdowncell> + +# call the function -- a is used: + +# <codecell> + +add(3) + +# <markdowncell> + +# change a + +# <codecell> + +a = 12 + +# <codecell> + +add(3) + +# <markdowncell> + +# The new a is used + +# <markdowncell> + +# But what if I don't want the results to depend on what a gets re-set to. +# +# But I don't want a constant, either... +# +# Set a keyword argument: + +# <codecell> + +def add(x, a=a): + return x + a + +# try it: +add(3) + +# <markdowncell> + +# it used the last value. +# +# reset a + +# <codecell> + +a = 100 +add(3) + +# <markdowncell> + +# Still used the original value! + +# <markdowncell> + +# ## Lesson: +# +# The keyword arguments are evaluted _when the function is defined, NOT when it is called. + +# <codecell> + + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_scope_demo.txt b/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_scope_demo.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..202dd90 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/keyword_scope_demo.txt @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +# we define a variable in the global scope +In [28]: a = 5 + +# use that variable in a fucntion +In [29]: def add(x): + ....: return x + a + +# call the function -- a is used. +In [30]: add(3) +Out[30]: 8 + +# change a +In [31]: a = 12 + +# now what? +In [32]: add(3) +Out[32]: 15 +# the new a is used + +# but what if I don't want the results to depend on what a gets re-set to. +# but I don't want a constant, either. + +# set a keyword argument: +In [34]: def add(x, a=a): + return x + a + ....: + +# try it: +In [35]: add(3) +Out[35]: 15 +# it used the last a value + +# reset a +In [36]: a = 100 + +# try it +In [37]: add(3) +Out[37]: 15 + +# still using that earlier value! + +## Lesson: the keyword arguments are evaluted _when the function is defined_, NOT when it is called. + + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_functions_global_scope.py b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_functions_global_scope.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e70b678 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_functions_global_scope.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# +# This program demonstrates how lambda functions interact with surrounding scopes + +glob = 8 + +f = lambda x: x-glob + +print f(2) + +glob = 15 + +print f(3) + +def incr(n): return lambda x: x-n +h = incr(2) +i = incr(4) +print h(3), i(3) +print incr(6)(9) + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword.py b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f8b500 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example code for using lambda, keywords, and keyword scope + +The challenge: + +Write a function that returns a list of n functions, +such that each one, when called, will return the input value, +incremented by an increaseing number. + +you should use a for loop, lambda, and a keyword argument + +Not clear? here's what you should get: + +In [96]: the_list = function_builder(4) + +In [97]: the_list[0](2) +Out[97]: 2 + +In [98]: the_list[1](2) +Out[98]: 3 + +In [100]: for f in the_list: + print f(5) + .....: +5 +6 +7 +8 + +extra credit: do it with a list comprhension, instead of a for loop + +""" + +def function_builder(n): + ## put somethingin here... + pass diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword_solution.py b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword_solution.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5ecd790 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_keyword_solution.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example code for using lambda, keywords, and keyword scope + + +The challenge: + +Write a function that returns a list of n functions, +such that each one, when called, will return the input value, +incremented by an increaseing number. + +you should use a for loop, lambda, and a keyword argument + +extra credit: do it with a list comprhension, instead of a for loop + +""" + +def function_builder(n): + + l = [] + for i in range(n): + l.append( lambda x, i=i: x+i ) + return l + +def function_builder2(n): + + return [ lambda x, i=i: x+i for i in range(n) ] + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_mount_points.py b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_mount_points.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..09c51ce --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_mount_points.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# Demonstration of using lambda functions for common UNIX system +# administration tasks +import subprocess + +lines = subprocess.check_output(['mount', '-v']) +lines = lines.splitlines() +mount_points = map(lambda line: line.split()[2], lines) +print mount_points diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_wrong.py b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_wrong.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cc7f72 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/lambda_wrong.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# Do not make this common error + +def wrong(w): + return lambda x: x+n + +print wrong(2.3) +e = wrong(11.2) + +try: + q = e(0.75) +except NameError,m: + print "Well, I guess there was a name error \n%s" % m + +n = 14 +q2 = e(0.85) +print q2 + diff --git a/week-03/code/lambda/test_lambda_keyword.py b/week-03/code/lambda/test_lambda_keyword.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..038f2e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/lambda/test_lambda_keyword.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +unit tests for the lambda_keyword excercise +""" + +from lambda_keyword import function_builder +#from lambda_keyword_solution import function_builder + +def test_length(): + """ + the function should return a list of the length input + """ + assert len(function_builder(0)) == 0 + + assert len(function_builder(3)) == 3 + + assert len(function_builder(5)) == 5 + +def test_result(): + """ + the functions in the list should increment the input values + """ + func_list = function_builder(5) + + assert func_list[0](3) == 3 + + assert func_list[1](3) == 4 + + assert func_list[2](3) == 5 + + assert func_list[3](3) == 6 + +def test_result2(): + """ + the functions in the list should increment the input values + + same test as above, but with different values + """ + func_list = function_builder(10) + + assert func_list[0](12) == 12 + + assert func_list[1](10) == 11 + + assert func_list[9](3) == 12 + + + + diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f2bb6b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +circle class -- + +basic skeleton: fill in with properties.. + +Write a Circle class with decorator syntax for properties: + instantiate with a radius: c = Circle(4) + +Use a property for the diameter: get and settable: + d = c.diameter + c.diameter = 5 + +use a property for the area: only gettable + a = c.area + a.area = 5 => AttributeError + +add methods so that str(circle) and repr(circle) + produce something reasonable. + +extra credit: make it so you can add two circles: + +>>> Circle(2) + Circle(3) +Circle(5.000000) + + +see test_circle_properties.y for requirements. + +""" + +import math + +class Circle(object): + def __init__(self, radius): + self.radius = radius + + # put the rest in here... \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties_solution.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties_solution.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee84e06 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/circle_properties_solution.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +circle class -- my solution to the exercise + +test code to run it is in test_circle.py +""" + +import math + +class Circle(object): + def __init__(self, radius): + self.radius = radius + + @classmethod + def from_diameter(cls, diameter): + return cls(diameter/2.0) + + @staticmethod + def circumference(radius): + return math.pi * 2 * radius + + @property + def diameter(self): + return self.radius * 2 + @diameter.setter + def diameter(self, value): + self.radius = value / 2.0 + + @property + def area(self): + return self.radius**2 * math.pi + + def __add__(self, other): + return Circle(self.radius + other.radius) + + def __repr__(self): + return "Circle(%f)"%self.radius + + def __str__(self): + return "Circle Object with radius: %f"%self.radius + diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/class_method.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/class_method.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e5769e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/class_method.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example of a class method +""" + +class C(object): + def __init__(self, x, y): + self.x = x + self.y = y + + @classmethod + def a_class_method(cls, x): + print "in a_class_method", klass + return cls( x, x**2 ) + +#plays well with subclassing: +class C2(C): + pass + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + c = C(3, 4) + print type(c), c.x, c.y + + c2 = C.a_class_method(3) + print type(c2), c2.x, c2.y + + c3 = C2.a_class_method(2) + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_dec_example.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_dec_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68ea23f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_dec_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example code for properties using the decorator syntax +""" + +class C(object): + _x = None + @property + def x(self): + return self._x + @x.setter + def x(self, value): + self._x = value + @x.deleter + def x(self): + del (self._x) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + c = C() + c.x = 5 + print c.x + c.x = 7 + print c.x + del c.x + print c.x diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_example.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c56a809 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/properties_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example code for properties +""" + +class C(object): + _x = None + def getx(self): + return self._x + def setx(self, value): + self._x = value + def delx(self): + del self._x + x = property(getx, setx, delx, "docstring") + +if __name__ == "__main__": + c = C() + c.x = 5 + print c.x + c.x = 3 + print c.x + diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/static_method.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/static_method.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..773f094 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/static_method.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +examples of a static method +""" + +class C(object): + + @staticmethod + def add(a, b): + print "in a_static_method" + return a+b + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + # called from the class object + print C.add(3,4) + + # called from a class instance + c = C() + print c.add(4,5) + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-03/code/properties-etc/test_circle_properties.py b/week-03/code/properties-etc/test_circle_properties.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9b8ed8 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/code/properties-etc/test_circle_properties.py @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +import math + +import pytest + +""" +code that tests the circle class defined in circle.py + +designed to be run with py.test + +(but most will run with nose, too) + +""" + +from circle_properties import Circle +#from circle_properties_solution import Circle + + +def test_basic(): + c = Circle(4) + print "the radius:", c.radius + print "the diameter:", c.diameter + print "the area:", c.area + print "the repr():", repr(c) + print "the str():", str(c) + assert c.radius == 4 + assert c.diameter == 8 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 50.26548 + + +def test_change_r(): + """ + testing changing the radius + """ + c = Circle(4) + + #"setting the radius to 2:" + c.radius = 2 + assert c.radius == 2 + assert c.diameter == 4 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 12.56637 + +def test_change_d(): + """ + testing changing the diameter + """ + c = Circle(4) + + c.diameter = 4 + assert c.radius == 2 + assert c.diameter == 4 + assert round(c.area, 5) == 12.56637 + +## tesing properties errors +## These require pytest + +def test_delete(): + # trying to delete the diameter + c = Circle(4) + with pytest.raises(AttributeError): + del c.diameter + +def test_set_area(): + # trying to set the area + c = Circle(4) + with pytest.raises(AttributeError): + c.area = 12 + +def test_add_circles(): + """ + testing the addition of two circle objects + """ + c1 = Circle(2) + c2 = Circle(4) + c3 = c1 + c2 + assert c3.radius == 6 + assert c3.diameter == 12 + +def test_repr(): + c = Circle(5) + assert repr(c) == 'Circle(5.000000)' + +def test_str(): + c = Circle(5) + print str(c) + assert str(c) == 'Circle Object with radius: 5.000000' + +def test_from_diameter(): + c = Circle.from_diameter(6.0) + assert c.radius == 3.0 + +def test_circumference(): + c = Circle.circumference(3.0) + assert c == math.pi * 3.0 * 2 diff --git a/week-03/link_to_lambda_slides.html b/week-03/link_to_lambda_slides.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a06ef2 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/link_to_lambda_slides.html @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +<html> +<body> + +<h1>Link to Lambda Presentation</h1> + +<p>This is kino of an ugly link, so I embedded it in HTML tomake it "clickable":</p> + +<a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1GMMrDXzYFMFRn9ufrVUGb0vSBGO7VkV6GLAdu46CVzA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000"> + Jeff's Lambda presentation</a> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/week-03/presentation-week03.pdf b/week-03/presentation-week03.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..773d73a Binary files /dev/null and b/week-03/presentation-week03.pdf differ diff --git a/week-03/presentation-week03.tex b/week-03/presentation-week03.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f7d327 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-03/presentation-week03.tex @@ -0,0 +1,778 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usetheme{Warsaw} +\title[Python Certificate: System Development]{Week 3: Advanced OO and Special Topics} +\author{Christopher Barker} +\institute{UW Continuing Education} +\date{March 26, 2013} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Table of Contents} +%\tableofcontents[currentsection] + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{A diversion...} + +\Large{A number of you are already using \verb|iPython|} + +\vfill +\Large{It's a very useful tool} + +\vfill +\Large{And the \verb|iPython| notebook is even cooler .. paticularly for in-class demos.} + +\vfill +\Large{So I'll use it some today:} + +\vfill +\url{http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/dev/interactive/htmlnotebook.html} + + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{String formating...} + +\Large{A handy note about something that came up in last week's debugging excercise:} + +\vfill +\small{ +\begin{verbatim} +In [85]: fp, complex +Out[85]: (3.14, (3+4j)) + +In [86]: print "%f, %f"%(fp, complex) +-------------------------------------------- +TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) +<ipython-input-86-a9786f6eb207> in <module>() +----> 1 print "%f, %f"%(fp, complex) + +TypeError: float argument required, not complex + +\end{verbatim} +} + +\vfill +\large{(Demo in the iPython notebook...)} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{lambda} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{lambda} + +\vfill +\Large{We didn't get to it last class, so let's do it now:} + +\vfill +\url{https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1GMMrDXzYFMFRn9ufrVUGb0vSBGO7VkV6GLAdu46CVzA/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000} + +(that should be clickable...) +\vfill +If not, open: \verb'code\link_to_lambda_slides.html' + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\Large When are keyword arguments defined?} + +\vfill +{\large (demo in iPython notebook)} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item Write a function that returns a list of n functions, +such that each one, when called, will return the input value, +incremented by an increaseing number. + + \item you should use a for loop, lambda, and a keyword argument +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +\verb|code/lambda_keyword.py| \\ +\verb|code/test_lambda_keyword.py| \\ + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Decorators} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Decorators} + +{\LARGE Decorators are wrappers around functions} + +\vfill +{\LARGE They let you add code before and after the execution of a function} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Creating a custom version of that function} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Decorators} + +{\LARGE Syntax:} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +@logged +def add(a, b): + """add() adds things""" + return a + b +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large Demo and Motivation: \\ + \verb|code\decorators\basicmath.py| } + +\vfill +PEP: \url{http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Decorators} + +{\LARGE \verb|@| decorator operator is an abbreviation:} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +@f +def g: + pass +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +same as + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +def g: + pass +g = f(g) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Syntactic Sugar'' -- but really quite nice} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{examples} + +{\LARGE CherryPy} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +import cherrypy +class HelloWorld(object): + @cherrypy.expose + def index(self): + return "Hello World!" +cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld()) +\end{verbatim} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{examples} + +{\LARGE Pyramid} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} + +@template +def A_view_function(request) + ..... +@json +def A_view_function(request) + ...... + + +\end{verbatim} + +so you don't need to think about what your view is returning... + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Writing Decorators} + +{\LARGE But how to you write one?} + +\vfill +{\Large +demo in iPython notebook + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +code\decorators\DecoratorDemo.py +\end{verbatim} +} + +\vfill +{\large For more detail: (and talks about closures...):}\\ + +\url{http://simeonfranklin.com/blog/2012/jul/1/python-decorators-in-12-steps/} + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Write a decorator that can be used to wrap any function that returns a string in a \verb|<p>| element -- auto-generation of simple html. + (\verb|p_wrapper.py|) + + \item Try using a class to make a decorator that will wrap a + specified tag around a function that returns a string: + \begin{verbatim} + @tag_wrapper('h1') + def func2(x, y=4, z=2): + return "the sum of %s and %s and %s is %s"%(x, y, z, x+y+z) + + >>> print func2(3,4) + <h1>the sum of 3 and 4 and 2 is 9</h1> + \end{verbatim} +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Properties} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Accessing Attributes} + +{\Large One of the strengths of Python is lack of clutter} + +\vfill +{\Large Simple attributes:} + +\begin{verbatim} +In [5]: class C(object): + def __init__(self): + self.x = 5 +In [6]: c = C() +In [7]: c.x +Out[7]: 5 +In [8]: c.x = 8 +\end{verbatim} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Getter and Setters?} + +{\Large What if you need to add behavior later?} + +\begin{itemize} + \item do some calculation + \item check data validity + \item keep things in sync +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Getter and Setters?} +\begin{verbatim} +class C(object): + def get_x(self): + return self.x + def set_x(self, x): + self.x = x +>>> c = C(5) +>>> c.get_x() +>>> 5 +>>> c.set_x(8) +>>> c.get_x() +>>> 8 +\end{verbatim} +{\Large Ugly and verbose -- Java?} + +\url{http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{properties} + +{ \Large When (and if) you need them: } + +\begin{verbatim} +class C(object): + def getx(self): + return self._x + def setx(self, value): + self._x = value + def delx(self): + del self._x + x = property(getx, setx, delx, "docstring") +\end{verbatim} +{\Large Interface is still like simple attribute access} +(\verb|properties_sample.py| ) +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{properties} + +{ \Large Properties with decorator syntax: } + +\begin{verbatim} +class C(object): + @property + def x(self): + return self._x + @x.setter + def x(self, value): + self._x = value + @x.deleter + def x(self): + del self._x +\end{verbatim} +{\Large Interface is still like simple attribute access} +(\verb|properties_dec_sample.py| ) +\end{frame} + + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{staticmethod} + +{ \Large A method that doesn't get self: } + +\begin{verbatim} +class C(object): + @staticmethod + def add(a, b): + return a + b +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large When you don't need self -- function doesn't need any data from the instance} + +\vfill +{\Large Used when it makes logical sense to group things in a class namespace} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{staticmethod} + +{ \Large Can be called from either the class object or an instance } + +\begin{verbatim} +>>> type(C) +type +>>>C.add(3,4) +in a_static_method +7 +>>> type(c) +__main__.C +>>> c.add(2,3) +in a_static_method +5 +\end{verbatim} + + + +\vfill +see: \verb|properties-etc/static_method.py| +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{classmethod} + +{ \Large Method gets the class object, rather than an instance, as the first argument:} + +\begin{verbatim} +class C(object): + def __init__(self, x, y): + self.x = x + self.y = y + @classmethod + def a_class_method(cls, x): + print "in a_class_method", klass + return cls( x, x**2 ) +\end{verbatim} +{\Large When you need the class object rather than an instance} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{classmethod} + +{ \Large \verb|classmethod| often used for alternate constructors:} + +\begin{verbatim} +>>> d = dict([1,2,3]) +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> +TypeError: cannot convert dictionary update +sequence element #0 to a sequence +>>> d = dict.fromkeys([1,2,3]) +>>> d +{1: None, 2: None, 3: None} +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large -- plays well with subclassing} +\vfill +see: \verb|properties-etc/class_method.py| +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{dict.fromkeys()} + +\begin{verbatim} +class Dict: ... + def fromkeys(klass, iterable, value=None): + "Emulate dict_fromkeys() in dictobject.c" + d = klass() + for key in iterable: + d[key] = value + return d + fromkeys = classmethod(fromkeys) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large See also datetime.datetime.now(), etc....} + +\vfill +For a low-level look:\\ +\url{http://docs.python.org/howto/descriptor.html} + +\end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Write a \verb|Circle| class with decorator syntax for properties: + \begin{itemize} + \item instantiate with a radius: \verb|c = Circle(4)| + \item use a property for the diameter: get and settable:\\ + \verb|d = c.diameter| \\ + \verb|c.diameter = 5| + \item use a property for the area: only gettable\\ + \verb|a = c.area| \\ + \verb|a.area = 5 => AttributeError| + \end{itemize} + + \item add a \verb|classmethod| for an alternate contructor:\\ + \verb|c = Circle.from_diameter(d)| + + \item add a \verb|staticmethod| that computes the circumference of a circle from the radius:\\ + \verb|circ = Circle.circumference(r)| + + +\end{itemize} + + +\vfill +(\verb|circle_properties.py| and \verb|test_circle_properties.py|) + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Advanced-OO} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large What happens when a class instance is created?} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(object): + def __init__(self, arg1, arg2): + self.arg1 = arg1 + self.arg2 = arg2 + ..... +\end{verbatim} +\vfill + +\begin{itemize} + \item A new instance is created + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large What if you need to do something before creation?} + +\vfill +{\Large Enter: \verb|__new__|} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(object): + def __new__(cls, arg1, arg2): + some_code_here + return cls() + ..... +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb|__new__| is called: it returns a new instance + \item The code in \verb|__new__| is run to pre-initialize + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\large \verb|__new__| is a static method -- but it must be called with a class object as the first argument. And it should return a class instance: } + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(superclass): + def __new__(cls, arg1, arg2): + some_code_here + return superclass.__new__(cls) + ..... +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb|__new__| is called: it returns a new instance + \item The code in \verb|__new__| is run to pre-initialize + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large When would you need to use it:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item subclassing an immutable type:\\ + -- It's too late to change it once you get to \verb|__init__| + + \item When \verb|__init__| not called: + \begin{itemize} + \item unpickling + \item copying + \end{itemize} + + {\large You may need to put some code in \verb|__new__| to make sure things go right} + +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large More detail here:} +\url{http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/#__new__} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\large Demo: \verb|code/__new__/new_example.py|} + +\vfill +{\Large Write a subclass of int that will always be an even number: round the input to the closest even number} + +\vfill +{\large \verb|code/__new__/even_int.py|} + +\vfill +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{multiple inheritance} + +{\Large Multiple inheritance:\\ +\hspace{0.2in} Pulling from more than one class} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Combined(Super1, Super2, Super3): + def __init__(self, something, something else): + Super1.__init__(self, ......) + Super2.__init__(self, ......) + Super3.__init__(self, ......) +\end{verbatim} +(calls to the super class \verb|__init__| are optional -- case dependent) + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{multiple inheritance} + +\vfill +{\Large Method Resolution Order -- left to right} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item Is it an instance attribute ? + \item Is it a class attribute ? + \item Is it a superclass attribute ? + \begin{enumerate} + \item is the it an attribute of the left-most superclass? + \item is the it an attribute of the next superclass? + \item .... + \end{enumerate} + \item Is it a super-superclass attribute ? + \item ...also left to right... +\end{enumerate} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{mix-ins} + +{\Large Why would you want to do this?} + +\vfill +{\Large Hierarchies are not always simple:} +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item Animal + \begin{itemize} + \item Mammal + \begin{itemize} + \item GiveBirth() + \end{itemize} + \item Bird + \begin{itemize} + \item LayEggs() + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +\vfill +{\Large Where do you put a Platypus or an Armadillo?} + +\vfill +{\Large Real World Example: \verb|FloatCanvas|} +\end{frame} + + +%-------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super} + +{\Large getting the superclass:} +\begin{verbatim} +class SafeVehicle(Vehicle): + """ + Safe Vehicle subclass of Vehicle base class... + """ + def __init__(self, position=0, velocity=0, icon='S'): + Vehicle.__init__(self, position, velocity, icon) +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large +\vfill +not DRY +\vfill +also, what if we had a bunch of references to superclass? +} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super} + +{\Large getting the superclass:} +\begin{verbatim} +class SafeVehicle(Vehicle): + """ + Safe Vehicle subclass of Vehicle base class + """ + def __init__(self, position=0, velocity=0, icon='S'): + super(SafeVehicle, self).__init__(position, velocity, icon) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large ``super() considered super!'' by Raymond Hettinger } +\vfill +\url{http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/} +\end{frame} + + + + +%\section{Initializing classes} + +%\section{super()} + +%\section{mix-ins} + +%\section{meta-classes} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap up} + +\vfill +{\Large Some nifty features of OO in Python} + +\vfill +{\Large Do you see a use for any of this in your projects?} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Next Week:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Relational databases, SQL} + +{\Large -- Jeff} + +\vfill +{\Large If we have time: super() and metaclasses} + + +\vfill +{\Large And of course, your projects...} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Project Time!} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Have you got your structure in place? + \item Are your goals clear? + \item Anyone want a public code review? + \item Let's get to work! +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/credentials_file.txt b/week-04/credentials_file.txt similarity index 100% rename from credentials_file.txt rename to week-04/credentials_file.txt diff --git a/week-04/link_to_sql_slides.html b/week-04/link_to_sql_slides.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e58fbd --- /dev/null +++ b/week-04/link_to_sql_slides.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +<html> +<head> +<title>Link to SQL slides + + +The slides for SQL are here on Google Docs + + + diff --git a/week-04/sql_demo.py b/week-04/sql_demo.py index dc6197b..6615881 100644 --- a/week-04/sql_demo.py +++ b/week-04/sql_demo.py @@ -8,10 +8,14 @@ # tables CONTAINS records # records CONTAINS fields - import datetime import sys import string +# Import either sqlite3 or MySQL making the decision at runtime via command line argument + +# import sqlite3 as sql +# import MySQLdb as sql + def print_users_by_state(state): cursor.execute("""SELECT first_name, last_name, city, state FROM customer where state="%s";"""%state) @@ -83,6 +87,8 @@ def update_database( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : raise else : print "The update succeeded" + finally : + connection.commit() @@ -104,6 +110,9 @@ def update_database_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : raise else : print "The update succeeded" + finally : + connection.commit() + def update_database_even_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number ) : """This subroutine does an even better job of updating the database than update_database_better @@ -121,6 +130,8 @@ def update_database_even_better ( new_city, new_state, zipcode, customer_number raise else : print "The update succeeded" + finally : + connection.commit() def sql_str_arg_filter( s ) : @@ -145,21 +156,29 @@ def sql_zipcode_arg_filter ( z ) : r = re.search(licit_match_set, z, flags=0 ) if r==None : raise ValueError - -argv1 = str.lower(sys.argv[1]) -if argv1 == "sqlite3" : - import sqlite3 as sql - connection = sql.connect('business.db') -elif argv1 == "mysql" : - import MySQLdb as sql - DB = 'business' - (host, user, password ) = get_credentials(DB) - connection = sql.connect(host=host, user=user, passwd=password, db=DB) -else : +def usage(): print "Usage is \npython %s sqlite3\nor\npython %s mysql\n" % ( sys.argv[0], - sys.argv[0] ) + sys.argv[0] ) + print "Append 'evil' if you want to see an SQL injection attack" sys.exit(1) - + + +if len(sys.argv)>1: + argv1 = str.lower(sys.argv[1]) + if argv1 == "sqlite3" : + import sqlite3 as sql + connection = sql.connect('business.db') + elif argv1 == "mysql" : + import MySQLdb as sql + DB = 'business' +# Credentials are stored in a file under the control of the sysadmin. The application developer +# can't see the system passwords. The sysadmin can't see the code. + (host, user, password ) = get_credentials(DB) + connection = sql.connect(host=host, user=user, passwd=password, db=DB) + else : + usage() +else: + usage() cursor = connection.cursor() # Since we are starting from scratch, delete the table if it already exists. diff --git a/week-05/persistence_results_on_32_bit.txt b/week-05/persistence_results_on_32_bit.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb0afb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-05/persistence_results_on_32_bit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +jeffs@jeffs-Latitude-D620 ~/PythonCDB/week-05 $ redis-server --version +Redis server v=2.6.10 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-3.2.0 bits=32 +jeffs@jeffs-Latitude-D620 ~/PythonCDB/week-05 $ sudo python test_redis_persistence.py +value is 0.337110851943 +Shutting down the server after saving state +Stopping redis-server: redis-server. +Starting redis-server: redis-server. +Waiting for the daemon to start +results of the get is 0.337110851943 +The value was preserved across daemon restart. save is True +value is 0.358144326697 +Shutting down the server without saving state first +Stopping redis-server: redis-server. +Starting redis-server: redis-server. +Waiting for the daemon to start +results of the get is 0.358144326697 +The value was preserved across daemon restart. save is False +jeffs@jeffs-Latitude-D620 ~/PythonCDB/week-05 $ md5sum /etc/redis/redis.conf +1da5e8e7dbb36488d6380222cbd053d7 /etc/redis/redis.conf diff --git a/week-05/persistence_results_on_64_bit.txt b/week-05/persistence_results_on_64_bit.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a885087 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-05/persistence_results_on_64_bit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/python/teaching$ redis-server --version +Redis server v=2.6.10 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-3.2.0 bits=64 +jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/python/teaching$ sudo python test_redis_persistence.py +value is 0.280306238938 +Shutting down the server after saving state +Stopping redis-server: redis-server. +Starting redis-server: redis-server. +Waiting for the daemon to start +results of the get is 0.280306238938 +The value was preserved across daemon restart. save is True +value is 0.0186679373777 +Shutting down the server without saving state first +Stopping redis-server: redis-server. +Starting redis-server: redis-server. +Waiting for the daemon to start +results of the get is 0.280306238938 +The value was not persisted when the state of the database was not saved +jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/python/teaching$ md5sum /etc/redis/redis.conf +1da5e8e7dbb36488d6380222cbd053d7 /etc/redis/redis.conf +jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/python/teaching$ diff --git a/week-05/placeholder.txt b/week-05/placeholder.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e86e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-05/placeholder.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1n94UhTE7LNwbKiroracByxqGigm8QBrz-W46KZ00rjU/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000#slide=id.gb2932f20_00 diff --git a/week-05/redis_demo_bs_spider.py b/week-05/redis_demo_bs_spider.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a270c04 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-05/redis_demo_bs_spider.py @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +"""This software traverses the web and loads the data into a redis database +The key to the database is a URL, the values of the keys are a list of +outbound urls. If the url has already been visited, then it is skipped""" + +from bs4 import BeautifulSoup +import redis +import time +import urllib2 +import socket # because we might handle a socket timeout exception +import pydot # python library to generate graphs +import sys + +if len(sys.argv) > 1 : + max_num_of_links = int(sys.argv[1]) +else: + max_num_of_links = 100 # reasonable default value + +VISITED_LIST = "redis_demo_bs_spider_visited_list" # keyname of the visited list +TO_VISIT_SET = "redis_demo_bs_spider_to_visit_set" # keyname of the set of pages + # to visit +# Open a connection to the database +# r_server = redis.Redis("108.59.89.216", port=6379, db=0) +r_server = redis.Redis("localhost", port=6379, db=0) + + +# Clear out the keys in the database that hold the list of sites that we have visited +# and the set of sites to visit. +r_server.delete(VISITED_LIST ) +r_server.delete(TO_VISIT_SET ) +# Insert all the specified values at the tail of the list stored at key. If key +# does not exist, it is created as empty list before performing the push +# operation. Start at commercialventvac.com, which is well connected. +r_server.sadd(TO_VISIT_SET, "http://www.commercialventvac.com/") +start_time = time.time() +for link_cnt in range(0,max_num_of_links): +# Removes and returns a random element from the set value stored at key. + this_page = r_server.spop(TO_VISIT_SET) + print "**** Crawling %s visited %d " % ( this_page, r_server.llen( VISITED_LIST )) + try: + response = urllib2.urlopen(this_page, timeout=15) # timeout is in seconds + except (urllib2.URLError, socket.timeout, urllib2.HTTPError, ValueError),e: + print "The URL %s failed due to %s - skipping" % ( this_page, e) + continue + + html_doc = response.read() +# Push this_page to the end of the visited list + r_server.rpush(VISITED_LIST, this_page) + soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html5lib") + link_list = soup.find_all('a') + for link in link_list: + if 'href' in link.attrs : + url = link.attrs['href'] + + # This is necessary because if this key already exists and it is not a set + # type, then the sadd command throws a + # "Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value" + # This is a leftover from previous runs of this software, which used a different + # data structure + if r_server.exists(url) : + # Returns the string representation of the type of the value stored at key. The + # different types that can be returned are: string, list, set, zset and hash. + if r_server.type(url) != "set" : + r_server.delete(url) + # Add the url to the set of urls that we need to visit. If the URL is already + # in the set, then this doesn't do anything. + r_server.sadd(TO_VISIT_SET, url) + r_server.sadd(this_page, url) + +end_time = time.time() +g = pydot.Dot(graph_type='digraph') # digraph => directed graph +while r_server.llen(VISITED_LIST) > 0: +# Get the next URL in the list of URLs that we visited + url = r_server.lpop(VISITED_LIST) + source_node = pydot.Node(url) + g.add_node( source_node ) +# is the set of links that URL points to empty? + while r_server.scard(url) > 0 : + link = r_server.spop(url) + print "%s => %s"% ( url, link ) + destination_node = pydot.Node(link) + g.add_node(destination_node) + g.add_edge(pydot.Edge(source_node, destination_node)) +r_server.bgsave() # Tell the Redis server to save its data to disk. Unlike + # save(), this method is asynchronous and returns + # immediately. +g.write_png('example2_graph.png') +g.write_dot('example2_graph.dot') +execution_time = end_time - start_time +print "Execution time was %f to collect %d links or %f links/second" % (execution_time, + max_num_of_links, max_num_of_links/execution_time) diff --git a/week-05/test_redis_persistence.py b/week-05/test_redis_persistence.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a076e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/week-05/test_redis_persistence.py @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# This script tests the persistence of a redis database +import redis +import socket # because we might handle a socket timeout exception +import os +import sys +import subprocess +import random +import time + +def check_super_user(): + """This function checks that the process has super user (root) privileges. +This software will only run on UNIX. It will not run under Cygwin. I don't +know if this software will run under MS-Windows""" + + egid = os.getegid() + euid = os.geteuid() + + return egid == 0 and euid == 0 + +def stop_start_redis(op): + """This function either starts or stops the redis-server daemon, depending +on the value of op. If op is start, then the daemon is started. If op is stop +then the daemon is stopped. If other values are used, then the results are +unpredictable""" + ret_status = subprocess.call('service redis-server %s' % op, shell=True) + if ret_status != 0 : + print "Failed to %s the redis-server" % op + sys.exit(1) + + +def test_persistence ( r_server, save=True ): + # Generate a random string, and see if it is preserved across database calls + value = str(random.random()) + print "value is %s" % value + + r_server.set('foo', value) + if save : + r_server.save() # synchronous save - will block until complete + print "Shutting down the server after saving state" + else : + print "Shutting down the server without saving state first" + stop_start_redis("stop") + stop_start_redis("start") + + while True: + print "Waiting for the daemon to start" + time.sleep(5.0) + try: + results = r_server.get('foo') + except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError: + print "The daemon isn't accepting connections yet - wait" + else: + print "results of the get is %s" % results + break + assert results == value, """The value was *not* preserved across daemon +restarts. save is %s""" % str(save) + print "The value was preserved across daemon restart. save is %s" % str(save) + + +if __name__ == "__main__" : + if not check_super_user() : + print """This program must run with root privileges because it stops and +the restarts the redis server""" + sys.exit(1) + # Open a connection to the database + # r_server = redis.Redis("108.59.89.216", port=6379, db=0) + r_server = redis.Redis("localhost", port=6379, db=1) + + test_persistence ( r_server, save=True ) + try : + test_persistence ( r_server, save=False ) + + except AssertionError: + print "The value was not persisted when the state of the database was not saved" + diff --git a/week-06/code/__new__/even_int.py b/week-06/code/__new__/even_int.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddfba88 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/__new__/even_int.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Using new to create an even integer + +rounds the input to the nearest even integer. + +will even convert a string to an int... + +""" + +##subclassing an int + +class EvenInt(int): + """ + An integer that is always even + """ + pass + +## And some tests -- try with py.test or nosetests... +def test_subclass(): + assert issubclass(EvenInt, int) + +def test_instance(): + i = EvenInt(3) + assert isinstance(i, int) + +def test_even(): + assert EvenInt(4) == 4 + +def test_odd1(): + assert EvenInt(3) == 4 + +def test_odd2(): + assert EvenInt(2.99) == 2 + +def test_negative(): + assert EvenInt(-2) == -2 + +def test_negative_odd(): + assert EvenInt(-1) == -2 + +def test_negative_odd2(): + assert EvenInt(-1.1) == -2 + +def test_string_odd(): + assert EvenInt("3") == 4 + +def test_string_even(): + assert EvenInt("12") == 12 + diff --git a/week-06/code/__new__/even_int_solution.py b/week-06/code/__new__/even_int_solution.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77d7a92 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/__new__/even_int_solution.py @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Using new to create an always-positive even integer + +rounds the input to the nearest even integer. + +will even convert a string to an int... + +""" + +##subclassing an int + +class EvenInt(int): + """ + An integer that is always even + """ + def __new__(cls, val): + print "in EvenInt.__new__", val + val = round(float(val) / 2) * 2 + print val + return int.__new__(cls, val ) + #return int(val) + +## And some tests -- try with py.test or nosetests... + +def test_instance1(): + i = EvenInt(3) + assert isinstance(i, EvenInt) + +def test_subclass(): + assert issubclass(EvenInt, int) + +def test_instance(): + i = EvenInt(3) + assert isinstance(i, int) + +def test_even(): + assert EvenInt(4) == 4 + +def test_odd1(): + assert EvenInt(3) == 4 + +def test_odd2(): + assert EvenInt(2.99) == 2 + +def test_negative(): + assert EvenInt(-2) == -2 + +def test_negative_odd(): + assert EvenInt(-1) == -2 + +def test_negative_odd2(): + assert EvenInt(-1.1) == -2 + +def test_string_odd(): + assert EvenInt("3") == 4 + +def test_string_even(): + assert EvenInt("12") == 12 + + + diff --git a/week-06/code/__new__/new_example.py b/week-06/code/__new__/new_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9625479 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/__new__/new_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +example of __new__ +""" + + + +## the general case: +class Test(object): + def __new__(cls, arg): + print "in __new__", + print arg + obj = object.__new__(cls, arg) + obj.this = arg # but you probably don't want to do this! + return obj + + def __init__(self, arg): + print "in __init__", + print arg + self.that = arg + + +##subclassing a string + +class CapitalString(str): + """ + A string class that is always capitalized... + """ + def __new__(cls, in_string): + print "in CapitalString.__new__" + return str.__new__(cls, in_string.title() ) + +# try it: +if __name__ == "__main__": + print CapitalString("this is a string") + + + + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/basic.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/basic.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13d34cf --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/basic.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "basic" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Reshaping" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a = np.arange(12)\n", + "a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 4, + "text": [ + "array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a.shape" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 5, + "text": [ + "(12,)" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.reshape(a, (2,6) )" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 0 1 2 3 4 5]\n", + " [ 6 7 8 9 10 11]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# unknown dimension\n", + "a.shape = ( -1, 2)\n", + "print a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 0 1]\n", + " [ 2 3]\n", + " [ 4 5]\n", + " [ 6 7]\n", + " [ 8 9]\n", + " [10 11]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# flatten\n", + "for i in a.flat: # iterator\n", + " print i " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0\n", + "1\n", + "2\n", + "3\n", + "4\n", + "5\n", + "6\n", + "7\n", + "8\n", + "9\n", + "10\n", + "11\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "np.ravel(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 9, + "text": [ + "array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a.T" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 10, + "text": [ + "array([[ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10],\n", + " [ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]])" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a = np.ravel(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 12, + "text": [ + "array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Checking dimensions:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a = np.atleast_2d(a)\n", + "a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 15, + "text": [ + "array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]])" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a.shape" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 16, + "text": [ + "(1, 12)" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# reducing:\n", + "a.shape = (2,1,6)\n", + "a.shape" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 19, + "text": [ + "(2, 1, 6)" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "b = np.squeeze(a)\n", + "b.shape" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 20, + "text": [ + "(2, 6)" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# re-arranging:\n", + "b\n", + "print np.flipud(b)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 6 7 8 9 10 11]\n", + " [ 0 1 2 3 4 5]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.fliplr(b)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 5 4 3 2 1 0]\n", + " [11 10 9 8 7 6]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/basic.py b/week-06/code/numpy/basic.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..969dc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/basic.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +# basic array methods: +from start import * + +# reshaping: + +a = np.arange(12) + +print a.shape +a.shape = (3,4) +print a + +print np.reshape(a, (2,6) ) + +# unknown dimension +a.shape = ( -1, 2) +print a + +# flatten +for i in a.flat: # iterator + print i # iterator + +print np.ravel(a) + +print a.T + +print + +# checking dimensions: +a = np.ravel(a) + +print np.atleast_2d(a) + +# reducing: +a.shape = (2,1,6) +b = np.squeeze(a) +print b.shape + +# re-arranging: +print b +print np.flipud(b) +print np.fliplr(b) + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8389c87 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "broadcasting" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# intro to broadcasting:\n", + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "a = np.ones((3,4))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print a * 3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 3. 3. 3. 3.]\n", + " [ 3. 3. 3. 3.]\n", + " [ 3. 3. 3. 3.]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "x = np.linspace(0,10,4)\n", + "y = np.linspace(100,200,3)\n", + "\n", + "x.shape = (1, -1)\n", + "y.shape = (-1, 1)\n", + "\n", + "print x\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 0. 3.33333333 6.66666667 10. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print y" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 100.]\n", + " [ 150.]\n", + " [ 200.]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print a * x" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 0. 3.33333333 6.66666667 10. ]\n", + " [ 0. 3.33333333 6.66666667 10. ]\n", + " [ 0. 3.33333333 6.66666667 10. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print a * y" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 100. 100. 100. 100.]\n", + " [ 150. 150. 150. 150.]\n", + " [ 200. 200. 200. 200.]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.sqrt(x**2 * y**2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[ 0. 333.33333333 666.66666667 1000. ]\n", + " [ 0. 500. 1000. 1500. ]\n", + " [ 0. 666.66666667 1333.33333333 2000. ]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.py b/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..d9de929 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/broadcasting.py @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + + +# intro to broadcasting: +from start import * + + +# + +a = np.ones((3,4)) + + +# + +print a * 3 + + +# + +x = np.linspace(0,10,4) +y = np.linspace(100,200,3) + +x.shape = (1, -1) +y.shape = (-1, 1) + +print x +print y + +# + +print a * x +print a * y + + +# + +print np.sqrt(x**2 * y**2) + + +# + + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f7f522 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "constructors" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# data types\n", + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# from scratch:\n", + "print np.ones((3,)) # default dtype is float64" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.zeros((2,3), dtype=np.int32)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.empty((3,3), dtype=np.float32) # not initilized!" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# for a range:\n", + "# integers:\n", + "print np.arange(10)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# for floats\n", + "print np.linspace(0, 1, 11)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.logspace(0, 3, 4)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# from existing data:\n", + " \n", + "print np.array([(1, 2),\n", + " (3, 4.0),\n", + " (5, 6)]) # auto-determined dtype" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# maybe an array?\n", + "a = np.arange(5)\n", + "b = np.asarray(a)\n", + "print a is b" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#or not:\n", + "a = range(5)\n", + "b = np.asarray(a)\n", + "print a is b" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.ascontiguousarray(a)# forces contiguous datablock" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# from binary data:\n", + "s = 'abcdefg'\n", + "a = np.frombuffer(s, dtype=np.uint8)\n", + "print a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.fromstring('\\x12\\x04', dtype=np.uint8) # really should be bytes..." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# from (and to) binary file:\n", + "a = np.arange(5, dtype=np.float32) # jsut a binary dump!\n", + "a.tofile('junk.dat')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print np.fromfile('junk.dat', dtype=np.float32) # need dtype!" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.py b/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..13b7dea --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/constructors.py @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + +# data types +from start import * + + +# + +# from scratch: +print np.ones((3,)) # default dtype is float64 + + +# + +print np.zeros((2,3), dtype=np.int32) + + +# + +print np.empty((3,3), dtype=np.float32) # not initilized! + + +# + +# for a range: +# integers: +print np.arange(10) + + +# + +# for floats +print np.linspace(0, 1, 11) + + +# + +print np.logspace(0, 3, 4) + + + +# + +# from existing data: + +print np.array([(1, 2), + (3, 4.0), + (5, 6)]) # auto-determined dtype + + +# + +# maybe an array? +a = np.arange(5) +b = np.asarray(a) +print a is b + + +# + +#or not: +a = range(5) +b = np.asarray(a) +print a is b + + +# + +print np.ascontiguousarray(a)# forces contiguous datablock + + +# + +# from binary data: +s = 'abcdefg' +a = np.frombuffer(s, dtype=np.uint8) +print a + + +# + +print np.fromstring('\x12\x04', dtype=np.uint8) # really should be bytes... + + +# + +# from (and to) binary file: +a = np.arange(5, dtype=np.float32) # jsut a binary dump! +a.tofile('junk.dat') + + +# + +print np.fromfile('junk.dat', dtype=np.float32) # need dtype! + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffd84b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "dtypes" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# data types\n", + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# a custom dtype:\n", + "dt = np.dtype([('first_name', np.str_, 16),\n", + " ('last_name', np.str_, 24),\n", + " ('grades', np.float64, (2,)),\n", + " ])" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# create an array of this type:\n", + "\n", + "a = np.empty((3,), dtype=dt)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Fill it up:\n", + " \n", + "a[0] = ('Fred', 'Jones', (92.3, 86.2)) \n", + "a[1] = ('Bob', 'Smith', (85.1, 88.4)) \n", + "a[2] = ('George', 'Roberts', (76.3, 91.5)) \n", + "\n", + "print_info(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# extract a field:\n", + "\n", + "print a['first_name']" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# do some math on a field:\n", + "\n", + "grades = a['grades']\n", + "print grades" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# do some math:\n", + "print grades.mean()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# still a view on the data\n", + "\n", + "print_info(grades) # note the strides!" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.py b/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..1aa2ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/dtypes.py @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + +# data types +from start import * + + +# + +# a custom dtype: +dt = np.dtype([('first_name', np.str_, 16), + ('last_name', np.str_, 24), + ('grades', np.float64, (2,)), + ]) + + +# + +# create an array of this type: + +a = np.empty((3,), dtype=dt) + + +# + +#Fill it up: + +a[0] = ('Fred', 'Jones', (92.3, 86.2)) +a[1] = ('Bob', 'Smith', (85.1, 88.4)) +a[2] = ('George', 'Roberts', (76.3, 91.5)) + +print_info(a) + + +# + +# extract a field: + +print a['first_name'] + + +# + +# do some math on a field: + +grades = a['grades'] +print grades + + +# + +# do some math: +print grades.mean() + + +# + +# still a view on the data + +print_info(grades) # note the strides! + + + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/memory.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/memory.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..835acd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/memory.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "memory" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"size of empty list:\"\n", + "print sys.getsizeof([])" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "size of empty list:\n", + "36\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"size of empty ndarray:\"\n", + "print sys.getsizeof(np.array([]))" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "size of empty ndarray:\n", + "40\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"size of python float:\"\n", + "print sys.getsizeof(1.0)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "size of python float:\n", + "16\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"size of numpy float64:\"\n", + "print np.array(1.0).itemsize" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "size of numpy float64:\n", + "8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"A 1000 element list of floats:\"\n", + "print 36 + 1000*32 + 1000*16, 'bytes'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "A 1000 element list of floats:\n", + "48036 bytes\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"A 1000 element list of floats:\"\n", + "print 40 + 1000*8, 'bytes'" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "A 1000 element list of floats:\n", + "8040 bytes\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/memory.py b/week-06/code/numpy/memory.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..fc58415 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/memory.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + +from start import * + +# + +print "size of empty list:" +print sys.getsizeof([]) + + +# + +print "size of empty ndarray:" +print sys.getsizeof(np.array([])) + + +# + +print "size of python float:" +print sys.getsizeof(1.0) + + +# + +print "size of numpy float64:" +print np.array(1.0).itemsize + + +# + +print "A 1000 element list of floats:" +print 36 + 1000*32 + 1000*16, 'bytes' + + +# + +print "A 1000 element list of floats:" +print 40 + 1000*8, 'bytes' + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/object.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/object.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a26e4b --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/object.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "object" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "\n", + "#from start import *\n", + "\n", + "# assorted data types:" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# usually defaults to float(64 bit)\n", + "a = np.ones(3)\n", + "print a.dtype" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "float64\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# smart enough to match input:\n", + "a = np.array((3,5,7,8))\n", + "print a.dtype" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "int32\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# smart enough to match input:\n", + "a = np.array((3.0,5,7,8))\n", + "print a.dtype" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "float64\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# or you can specify:\n", + "a = np.array( (1,2,3), dtype=np.uint8 )\n", + "print a.dtype" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "uint8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#careful: integers overflow:\n", + "a = np.array( (1, 10, 100,), dtype=np.uint8)\n", + "\n", + "print a\n", + "\n", + "a *= 3\n", + "\n", + "print a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[ 1 10 100]\n", + "[ 3 30 44]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# Object arrays:\n", + "\n", + "# create an empty array:\n", + "\n", + "a = np.empty((2,3), dtype=np.object)\n", + "\n", + "print a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[None None None]\n", + " [None None None]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# put stuff into it:\n", + "\n", + "a[0,0] = \"a string\"\n", + "a[0,1] = 4.5\n", + "a[0,2] = (1,2,3)\n", + "a[1,:] = [6, {'a':3}, 3.4]\n", + "\n", + "print a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[[a string 4.5 (1, 2, 3)]\n", + " [6 {'a': 3} 3.4]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# a row:\n", + "print a[1,:]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[6 {'a': 3} 3.4]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# a column:\n", + "print a[:,1]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[4.5 {'a': 3}]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# an item (a dict in this case)\n", + "print a[1,1]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "{'a': 3}\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print a[1,1]['a']" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/object.py b/week-06/code/numpy/object.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..e70595b --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/object.py @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + + + +import numpy as np + +#from start import * + +# assorted data types: + + +# + +# usually defaults to float(64 bit) +a = np.ones(3) +print a.dtype + + +# + +# smart enough to match input: +a = np.array((3,5,7,8)) +print a.dtype + + +# + +# smart enough to match input: +a = np.array((3.0,5,7,8)) +print a.dtype + + +# + +# or you can specify: +a = np.array( (1,2,3), dtype=np.uint8 ) +print a.dtype + + +# + +#careful: integers overflow: +a = np.array( (1, 10, 100,), dtype=np.uint8) + +print a + +a *= 3 + +print a + + + +# + +# Object arrays: + +# create an empty array: + +a = np.empty((2,3), dtype=np.object) + +print a + + +# + +# put stuff into it: + +a[0,0] = "a string" +a[0,1] = 4.5 +a[0,2] = (1,2,3) +a[1,:] = [6, {'a':3}, 3.4] + +print a + + +# + +# a row: +print a[1,:] + + +# + +# a column: +print a[:,1] + + +# + +# an item (a dict in this case) +print a[1,1] + +# + +print a[1,1]['a'] + + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/slice.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/slice.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e713733 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/slice.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "slice" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "from start import *" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# create an array:\n", + "a = np.arange(12)\n", + "print_info(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "arr :\n", + "[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]\n", + "arr.shape: (12,)\n", + "arr.dtype: int32\n", + "arr.itemsize 4\n", + "arr.ndim: 1\n", + "arr.strides (4,)\n", + "arr.flags:\n", + " C_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " F_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " OWNDATA : True\n", + " WRITEABLE : True\n", + " ALIGNED : True\n", + " UPDATEIFCOPY : False\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# A slice is a view:\n", + "b = a[3:6]\n", + "print b\n", + "print_info(b, 'b')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[3 4 5]\n", + "b :\n", + "[3 4 5]\n", + "b.shape: (3,)\n", + "b.dtype: int32\n", + "b.itemsize 4\n", + "b.ndim: 1\n", + "b.strides (4,)\n", + "b.flags:\n", + " C_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " F_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " OWNDATA : False\n", + " WRITEABLE : True\n", + " ALIGNED : True\n", + " UPDATEIFCOPY : False\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# note \"OWNDATA\" flag -- b does not \"own\" its data.\n", + "\n", + "b[0] = 44\n", + "\n", + "print b\n", + "print a\n", + "\n", + "# a has changed!" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "[44 4 5]\n", + "[ 0 1 2 44 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# what about slicing higher-dim arrays:\n", + "a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4)\n", + "print_info(a,'a')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a :\n", + "[[ 0 1 2 3]\n", + " [ 4 5 6 7]\n", + " [ 8 9 10 11]]\n", + "a.shape: (3, 4)\n", + "a.dtype: int32\n", + "a.itemsize 4\n", + "a.ndim: 2\n", + "a.strides (16, 4)\n", + "a.flags:\n", + " C_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " F_CONTIGUOUS : False\n", + " OWNDATA : False\n", + " WRITEABLE : True\n", + " ALIGNED : True\n", + " UPDATEIFCOPY : False\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# \"row\" slice:\n", + "b = a[1,:]\n", + "print_info(b,'b')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "b :\n", + "[4 5 6 7]\n", + "b.shape: (4,)\n", + "b.dtype: int32\n", + "b.itemsize 4\n", + "b.ndim: 1\n", + "b.strides (4,)\n", + "b.flags:\n", + " C_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " F_CONTIGUOUS : True\n", + " OWNDATA : False\n", + " WRITEABLE : True\n", + " ALIGNED : True\n", + " UPDATEIFCOPY : False\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# \"column\" slice:\n", + "b = a[:,1]\n", + "print_info(b,'b')" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "b :\n", + "[1 5 9]\n", + "b.shape: (3,)\n", + "b.dtype: int32\n", + "b.itemsize 4\n", + "b.ndim: 1\n", + "b.strides (16,)\n", + "b.flags:\n", + " C_CONTIGUOUS : False\n", + " F_CONTIGUOUS : False\n", + " OWNDATA : False\n", + " WRITEABLE : True\n", + " ALIGNED : True\n", + " UPDATEIFCOPY : False\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/slice.py b/week-06/code/numpy/slice.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..ea38235 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/slice.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + + +import numpy as np +from start import * + + +# + +# create an array: +a = np.arange(12) +print_info(a) + + +# + +# A slice is a view: +b = a[3:6] +print b +print_info(b, 'b') + + +# + +# note "OWNDATA" flag -- b does not "own" its data. + +b[0] = 44 + +print b +print a + +# a has changed! + + +# + +# what about slicing higher-dim arrays: +a = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4) +print_info(a,'a') + + +# + +# "row" slice: +b = a[1,:] +print_info(b,'b') + + +# + +# "column" slice: +b = a[:,1] +print_info(b,'b') + + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/start.py b/week-06/code/numpy/start.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..610bf88 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/start.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +script to start up demo for numpy talk +""" + +import numpy as np +import sys + +def print_info(a, name="arr"): + print name, ":" + print a + print "%s.shape:"%name, a.shape + print "%s.dtype:"%name, a.dtype + print "%s.itemsize"%name, a.itemsize + print "%s.ndim:"%name, a.ndim + print "%s.strides"%name, a.strides + print "%s.flags:\n"%name, a.flags + + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/structure.ipynb b/week-06/code/numpy/structure.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf74d5d --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/structure.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "structure" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import numpy as np\n", + "from start import print_info" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# create an array:\n", + "a = np.arange(12)\n", + "print_info(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# reshape it\n", + "a.shape = (3,4)\n", + "print_info(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# transpose it\n", + "\n", + "b = a.transpose()\n", + "print_info(b) " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# reshape again\n", + "a.shape = (2,2,3)\n", + "print_info(a)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# take a slice:\n", + "s = a[:,1,:]\n", + "print_info(s)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/structure.py b/week-06/code/numpy/structure.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..ceab84d --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/structure.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + +import numpy as np +from start import print_info + +# + +# create an array: +a = np.arange(12) +print_info(a) + + +# + +# reshape it +a.shape = (3,4) +print_info(a) + + +# + +# transpose it + +b = a.transpose() +print_info(b) + + +# + +# reshape again +a.shape = (2,2,3) +print_info(a) + + +# + +# take a slice: +s = a[:,1,:] +print_info(s) + + +# + diff --git a/week-06/code/numpy/sudoku-chb.py b/week-06/code/numpy/sudoku-chb.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..1689c4f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/numpy/sudoku-chb.py @@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Yet another Sudoku Puzzle program. + +This one does not help you solve puzzles. + +However, it does display them, and will highlight the appropriate row, column, +or box if there is an error in the puzzle at any time, as you add numbers, etc. + +What's unique about this one is the use of numpy arrays. Numpy arrays have two +properties that make them handy for this problem: + +1) n-d arrays (in this case 2-d) +2) slices as views on the data + +The whole puzzle is a 9x9 array + each box is a 3x3 sub-array + each row is a length 9 sub-array + each column is a length 9 sub-array + +These all share the same memory + + -Chris Barker: PythonCHB@gmail.com + +""" + +licence="""This code is released under the creative commons Public Domain dedication: + +I have dedicated this work to the public domain by waiving all of my rights to +the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring +rights, to the extent allowed by law. + +You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial +purposes, all without asking permission + +http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ + +(that being said,it would be nice to give me credit where credit is due...) +""" + +import random +import wx +import numpy as np + +class PuzzleGrid(object): + def __init__(self): + self.Grid = np.zeros((9,9), np.uint8) + Boxes = [] + for i in range(3): + for j in range(3): + Boxes.append(self.Grid[3*i:3*i+3, 3*j:3*j+3]) + + self.Boxes = Boxes + + def SetValue(self, (r,c), v): + self.Grid[r,c] = v + + def GetValue(self, (r, c)): + return self.Grid[r,c] + + def Solved(self): + """ + returns True if the puzzle is solved, False otherwise + """ + raise NotImplementedError + + def CheckRows(self): + """ + returns a values for each row: + 0 -- repeated values + 1 -- valid, but not solved + 2 -- solved + + """ + results = np.zeros((9,), np.uint8 ) + for i in range(9): + results[i] = self.CheckValid(self.Grid[i,:]) + return results + + def CheckColumns(self): + """ + returns a values for each row: + 0 -- repeated values + 1 -- valid, but not solved + 2 -- solved + + """ + results = np.zeros((9,), np.uint8 ) + for i in range(9): + results[i] = self.CheckValid(self.Grid[:,i]) + return results + + def CheckBoxes(self): + """ + returns a values for each row: + 0 -- repeated values + 1 -- valid, but not solved + 2 -- solved + + """ + results = np.zeros((9,), np.uint8 ) + for i in range(9): + results[i] = self.CheckValid(self.Boxes[i]) + return results + + + def CheckValid(self, A): + """ + CheckValid(A) -- checks if A has any digits repeated. + + returns 0 is there are any digits repeated (invalid) + returns 1 if none are repeated, but there are zeros (valid, but not solved) + returns 2 if all digits, 1-9 are there (solved) + + A should be a numpy array that has 9 elements + """ + + there = [] + for i in A.flat: + if i>0 and i in there: + return 0 + else: + there.append(i) + if 0 in there: + return 1 + return 2 + + def LoadFromString(self, str): + """ + loads a puzzle from a single "flat" ascii string of all the entries + """ + self.Grid.flat[:] = np.fromstring(str, dtype=np.uint8)-48 + + def __str__(self): + msg = [] + for i in range(9): + if not i%3: + msg.append("|-----------------------|\n") + msg.append("| %i %i %i | %i %i %i | %i %i %i |\n"%tuple(self.Grid[i])) + msg.append("|-----------------------|\n") + return "".join(msg) + + +class Grid(object): + def __init__(self, w, h): + size = min(w,h) + self.d = d = (size - 20) / 9 + self.x0 = (w - (self.d * 9)) / 2 + self.y0 = (h - (self.d * 9)) / 2 + self.font_size = int(11 * d/16.0) + ##figure out the text offset + dc = wx.ScreenDC() + dc.SetFont(wx.FontFromPixelSize((self.font_size, self.font_size), + wx.FONTFAMILY_SWISS, + wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, + wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD, + ) + ) + w,h = dc.GetTextExtent("5") + self.text_off_x = ( d - w )/2+2 # I don't know why I need to add the 2! + self.text_off_y = ( d - h )/2+2 + +class GridWindow(wx.Window): + def __init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, *args, **kwargs) + self.SetBackgroundColour("White") + + self.Puzzle = PuzzleGrid() + + self.InvalidRows = [] + self.InvalidColumns = [] + self.InvalidBoxes = [] + + self.Selected = (0,0) + + self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_KEY_DOWN, self.OnKeyDown) + + self.OnSize() + def NewPuzzle(self, str): + """ + sets up a new puzzle from the given ascii string + """ + self.Puzzle.LoadFromString(str) + self.DrawNow() + + def InitBuffer(self): + w, h = self.GetClientSize() + self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(w, h) + self.DrawNow() + + def OnSize(self, event=None): + size = self.GetClientSize() + if size[0] > 0 and size[1] > 1: + self.Grid = Grid(*size) + self.InitBuffer() + + def DrawNow(self): + dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer) + self.Draw(dc) + + def Draw(self, dc): + # Make grid info local: + d = self.Grid.d + x0 = self.Grid.x0 + y0 = self.Grid.y0 + font_size = self.Grid.font_size + text_off_x = self.Grid.text_off_x + text_off_y = self.Grid.text_off_y + + # draw the background: + dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) + dc.Clear() + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Color(128,128,255))) + dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN) + dc.DrawRectangle(x0, y0, d*9, d*9 ) + + #draw The invalid rows + for i in self.InvalidRows: + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("Purple", wx.SOLID)) + dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN) + dc.DrawRectangle(x0, y0 + i*d, 9*d, d ) + + #draw The invalid columns + for i in self.InvalidColumns: + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("Purple", wx.SOLID)) + dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN) + dc.DrawRectangle(x0 + i*d, y0, d, 9*d ) + + #draw The invalid boxes + for i in self.InvalidBoxes: + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("Purple", wx.SOLID)) + dc.SetPen(wx.TRANSPARENT_PEN) + r = i//3 + c = i%3 + dc.DrawRectangle(x0 + c*3*d, y0 + r*3*d, 3*d, 3*d ) + + # draw the selected cell: + dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("Red", wx.SOLID)) + dc.DrawRectangle(x0 + d*self.Selected[1], y0 + d*self.Selected[0], d, d) + + # draw the white lines: + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen("White", 2, wx.SOLID) ) + for i in range(10): + dc.DrawLine(x0, y0 + d*i, x0 + d*9, y0 + d*i) + dc.DrawLine(x0 + d*i, y0, x0 + d*i, y0 + d*9) + + # draw the numbers: + dc.SetFont(wx.FontFromPixelSize((font_size,font_size), + wx.FONTFAMILY_SWISS, + wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, + wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD)) + for i in range(9): + for j in range(9): + val = self.Puzzle.Grid[i,j] + if val > 0: + dc.DrawText('%i'%val, x0 + d*j + text_off_x, y0 + d*i + text_off_y) + + # Draw the Big Grid + dc.SetPen(wx.Pen("Black", 3, wx.SOLID)) + dc.SetBrush(wx.TRANSPARENT_BRUSH) + + d*=3 + for i in range(4): + dc.DrawLine(x0, y0 + d*i, x0 + d*3, y0 + d*i) + dc.DrawLine(x0 + d*i, y0, x0 + d*i, y0 + d*3) + + + def OnPaint(self, event): + dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer) + + def CheckValid(self): + self.InvalidRows = np.nonzero(self.Puzzle.CheckRows() == 0)[0] + self.InvalidColumns = np.nonzero(self.Puzzle.CheckColumns() == 0)[0] + self.InvalidBoxes = np.nonzero(self.Puzzle.CheckBoxes() == 0)[0] + + def OnLeftDown(self, e): + """called when the left mouse button is pressed""" + x, y = e.GetPositionTuple() + i = (y - self.Grid.y0) / self.Grid.d + j = (x - self.Grid.x0) / self.Grid.d + if i >= 0 and i < 9 and j >= 0 and j < 9: + self.Selected = (i,j) + self.DrawNow() + + def OnKeyDown(self, e): + keycode = e.GetKeyCode() + i, j = self.Selected + if (keycode == wx.WXK_TAB or + keycode == wx.WXK_RIGHT or + keycode == wx.WXK_RETURN or + keycode == wx.WXK_SPACE): + j += 1 + elif keycode == wx.WXK_UP: + i -= 1 + elif keycode == wx.WXK_DOWN: + i += 1 + elif keycode == wx.WXK_LEFT: + j -= 1 + elif (keycode == wx.WXK_DELETE or + keycode == wx.WXK_BACK): + self.Puzzle.Grid[self.Selected] = 0 + self.CheckValid() + elif keycode >= ord("0") and keycode <= ord("9"): + self.Puzzle.Grid[self.Selected] = (keycode - ord("0")) + self.CheckValid() + j += 1 + if j > 8: + j = 0 + i += 1 + if j < 0: + j = 8 + i -= 1 + if i > 8: + i = 0 + if i < 0: + i = 8 + + self.Selected = (i,j) + self.DrawNow() + + def SetValue(self, value): + self.Puzzle.Grid[self.Selected] = value + +def test_PuzzleGrid(): + P = PuzzleGrid() + print P + print "These should all be true:" + # all valid, butnot solved + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,2,0,4,0,6,0,8,9), dtype=np.uint8 ) ) == 1 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), dtype=np.uint8 ) ) == 1 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,2,0,4,5,6,7,8,9), dtype=np.uint8) ) == 1 + + # solved + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9), dtype=np.uint8) ) == 2 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,2,9,4,5,6,7,8,3), dtype=np.uint8) ) == 2 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1), dtype=np.uint8) ) == 2 + + # all not valid + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,1,0,4,0,6,0,8,9), dtype=np.uint8 ) ) == 0 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,0,0,4,0,6,0,9,9), dtype=np.uint8 ) ) == 0 + print P.CheckValid(np.array( (1,1,1,4,4,6,0,1,1), dtype=np.uint8 ) ) == 0 + + +class MainFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, parent): + wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title="Sudoku Machine", size=(500, 500)) + self.grid = GridWindow(self) + wx.CallAfter(self.OnNewGame)# so that the grid is fully initialized + ## Build the menu + MenuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + FileMenu = wx.Menu() + item = FileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, text = "&New Game") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnNewGame, item) + item = FileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, text = "&Exit") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnQuit, item) + MenuBar.Append(FileMenu, "&File") + + HelpMenu = wx.Menu() + item = HelpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "&Help", + "Help for this simple test") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnHelp, item) + item = HelpMenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT, "&About", + "More information About this program") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, item) + MenuBar.Append(HelpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(MenuBar) + + def OnNewGame(self,evt=None): + """ + Sets up a new randomly chosen game + """ + i = random.randint(0, len(Puzzles)-1) + self.grid.NewPuzzle(Puzzles[i]) + + def OnQuit(self,evt=None): + self.Destroy() + + def OnHelp(self, event): + dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, "This would be help\n" + "If there was any\n", + "Test Help", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION) + dlg.ShowModal() + dlg.Destroy() + + def OnAbout(self, event): + dlg = AboutDialog(None, + #icon1=wx.Bitmap("Images/GNOME64.png"), + #icon2=wx.Bitmap("Images/NOAA.png"), + short_name='Suduko', + long_name='A Sudoko Puzzle demo program', + version = "1.0", + description="This is a simple Sudoku puzzle program, written in Python, designed to demonstrate some features of the wxPython and numpy packages", + urls = ["http://www.seapig.org/SudukoGameBoard", + "mailto:PythonCHB@gmail.com"], + licence=licence, + developers = ["Chris Barker"]) + dlg.ShowModal() + dlg.Destroy() + + +## these are a bunch of puzzles I found here: +## http://mapleta.maths.uwa.edu.au/~gordon/sudokumin.php +## +## there are a LOT there, this is just a few of them +## +## they are licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 License. +## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ + +Puzzles = """000000010400000000020000000000050407008000300001090000300400200050100000000806000 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+000000054700030000000000000000400016380070000020000000000500800105000000006000300 +000000054900700000000000060006052000800000300000000700020300100040070000005000000 +000000056003800000400000000000062000000000410000000300000450100060100000720000000 +000000056080010000002000030000203000300600000010000900600700000000080400000000100 +000000057000040000000000003000307060800500400100000000000080100070000200030600000 +000000057000080010070020000301000000000600400500000600040000200000103000000500000 +000000059000130000000000000340000020050009000000800600800000307000054000000000100 +000000059700600000000300000059001000020040000000000130807000300000050000400000000 +000000061000027000000000000704000200000100040300000000510000700000048000090600000""".split('\n') + + +""" +Simple about Dialog class -- I like it better than the one that wxPython comes with + +-Chris Barker + + + +""" + +import wx +from wx.lib.hyperlink import HyperLinkCtrl + +class AboutDialog(wx.Dialog): + """ + + """ + def __init__(self, parent, icon1=None, + icon2=None, + short_name=None, + long_name=None, + version=None, + description=None, + urls=None, + licence=None, + developers = []): + wx.Dialog.__init__(self, parent) + + self.icon1 = icon1 + self.icon2 = icon2 + self.short_name = short_name + self.long_name = long_name + self.version = version + self.version = version + self.description = description + self.urls = urls + self.licence = licence + self.developers = developers + + self.Build() + + def Build(self): + + # Build the header + Header = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) + if self.icon1: + Header.Add(wx.StaticBitmap(self, bitmap=self.icon1), 0) + else: + Header.Add((64,64)) + Header.Add((20,1),1) + if self.short_name: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label=self.short_name) + of = Label.GetFont() + Font = wx.Font(int(of.GetPointSize() * 2), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD) + Label.SetFont(Font) + Header.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL, 5) + else: + Header.Add((1,1), 1) + Header.Add((20,1),1) + if self.icon2: + Header.Add(wx.StaticBitmap(self, bitmap=self.icon2), 0) + else: + Header.Add((64,64)) + width = Header.MinSize[0] + + # Now the rest; + MainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + + MainSizer.Add(Header, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALIGN_CENTER|wx.ALL, 5) + + if self.long_name: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label=self.long_name) + of = Label.GetFont() + Font = wx.Font(int(of.GetPointSize() * 1.5), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.NORMAL) + Label.SetFont(Font) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.TOP|wx.RIGHT|wx.LEFT|wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 5) + width = max(width, Label.Size[0]) + + if self.version: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label="version: "+self.version) + #of = Label.GetFont() + #Font = wx.Font(int(of.GetPointSize() * 1.5), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.NORMAL) + #Label.SetFont(Font) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.BOTTOM|wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 5) + + if self.description: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label=self.description) + #of = Label.GetFont() + #Font = wx.Font(int(of.GetPointSize() * 1.5), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.NORMAL) + #Label.SetFont(Font) + + Label.Wrap(max(250, 0.9*width)) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 5) + + + if self.licence: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label="License:") + of = Label.GetFont() + Font = wx.Font(of.GetPointSize(), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD) + Label.SetFont(Font) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_LEFT, 5) + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label=self.licence) + Label.Wrap(max(250, 0.9*width)) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 2) + + if self.developers: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label="Developed by:") + of = Label.GetFont() + Font = wx.Font(of.GetPointSize(), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD) + Label.SetFont(Font) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_LEFT, 5) + + for developer in self.developers: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label=" "+developer) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_LEFT, 0) + + if self.urls: + Label = wx.StaticText(self, label="For more information:") + of = Label.GetFont() + Font = wx.Font(of.GetPointSize(), of.GetFamily(), wx.NORMAL, wx.BOLD) + Label.SetFont(Font) + MainSizer.Add(Label, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_LEFT, 5) + for url in self.urls: + Link = HyperLinkCtrl(self, + label=url, + URL=url) + MainSizer.Add(Link, 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_CENTER, 2) + + MainSizer.Add((1,5),1) + MainSizer.Add(wx.Button(self, id=wx.ID_OK, label="Dismiss"), 0, wx.ALL|wx.ALIGN_RIGHT,5) + SpaceSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + SpaceSizer.Add(MainSizer, 0, wx.ALL, 10) + self.SetSizerAndFit(SpaceSizer) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + import sys + if len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1].lower() == 'test': + test_PuzzleGrid() + else: + app = wx.App(0) + frame = MainFrame(None) + frame.Show(True) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-06/code/super/super_test.ipynb b/week-06/code/super/super_test.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f30b94 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/super/super_test.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### some example code, demostrating some super() behaviour\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "class A(object):\n", + " def __init__(self):\n", + " print \"in A __init__\"\n", + " s = super(A, self).__init__()\n", + "\n", + "class B(object):\n", + " def __init__(self):\n", + " print \"in B.__init__\"\n", + " s = super(B, self).__init__()\n", + "\n", + "class C(object):\n", + " def __init__(self):\n", + " print \"in C.__init__\"\n", + " s = super(C, self).__init__()\n", + "\n", + "class D(C, B, A):\n", + " def __init__(self):\n", + " print \"in D.__init__\"\n", + " super(D, self).__init__()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "d = D()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "in D.__init__\n", + "in C.__init__\n", + "in B.__init__\n", + "in A __init__\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "s_c = super(C, d)\n", + "print s_c" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + ", >\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "s_a = super(A, d)\n", + "print s_a" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + ", >\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "s_b = super(B, d)\n", + "print s_b" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + ", >\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print D.__mro__" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(, , , , )\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/super/super_test.py b/week-06/code/super/super_test.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d76e04f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/super/super_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# + +""" +some example code, demostrating some super() behaviour +""" + + +# + +class A(object): + def __init__(self): + print "in A __init__" + s = super(A, self).__init__() + +class B(object): + def __init__(self): + print "in B.__init__" + s = super(B, self).__init__() + +class C(object): + def __init__(self): + print "in C.__init__" + s = super(C, self).__init__() + +class D(C, B, A): + def __init__(self): + print "in D.__init__" + super(D, self).__init__() + + +# + +d = D() + + +# + +s_c = super(C, d) +print s_c + +# + +s_a = super(A, d) +print s_a + +# + +s_b = super(B, d) +print s_b + + +# + +print D.__mro__ + + diff --git a/week-06/code/super/super_test2.ipynb b/week-06/code/super/super_test2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2078d0e --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/super/super_test2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## some test code to teach me something about how super() works\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# the \"old way\":\n", + "\n", + "class A(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in A.this\"\n", + "\n", + "class B(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in B.this\"\n", + "\n", + "class C(A,B):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in C.this\"\n", + " A.this(self)\n", + " B.this(self)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"running traditional way\"\n", + "c = C()\n", + "c.this()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "running traditional way\n", + "in C.this\n", + "in A.this\n", + "in B.this\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### using super in just C:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "class A(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in A.this\"\n", + "\n", + "class B(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in B.this\"\n", + "\n", + "class C(A,B):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in C.this\"\n", + " super(C, self).this()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "c = C()\n", + "c.this()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "in C.this\n", + "in A.this\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### using super everywhere:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "class Base(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " pass # just so there is a base that has the method\n", + "\n", + "class A(Base):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in A.this\"\n", + " super(A, self).this()\n", + "\n", + "class B(Base):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in B.this\"\n", + " super(B, self).this()\n", + "class C(A,B):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in C.this\"\n", + " super(C, self).this()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "c = C()\n", + "c.this()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "in C.this\n", + "in A.this\n", + "in B.this\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# using super everywhere:\n", + "\n", + "class Base(object):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " pass # just so there is a base that has the method\n", + "\n", + "class A(Base):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in A.this\"\n", + " s = super(A, self)\n", + " print s\n", + " print s.this\n", + " s.this()\n", + "\n", + "class B(Base):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in B.this\"\n", + " s = super(B, self)\n", + " print s\n", + " print s.this\n", + " s.this()\n", + "\n", + "class C(A,B):\n", + " def this(self):\n", + " print \"in C.this\"\n", + " A.this(self)\n", + " B.this(self)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "print \"using super everywhere but C\"\n", + "c = C()\n", + "c.this()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "using super everywhere but C\n", + "in C.this\n", + "in A.this\n", + ", >\n", + ">\n", + "in B.this\n", + ", >\n", + ">\n", + "in B.this\n", + ", >\n", + ">\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 8 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-06/code/super/super_test2.py b/week-06/code/super/super_test2.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f68afe --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/code/super/super_test2.py @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# 3.0 + +# +""" +some test code to teach me something about how super() works +""" + +# + +# the "old way": + +class A(object): + def this(self): + print "in A.this" + +class B(object): + def this(self): + print "in B.this" + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print "in C.this" + A.this(self) + B.this(self) + + +# + +print "running traditional way" +c = C() +c.this() + + + +# + +# using super in just C: + +class A(object): + def this(self): + print "in A.this" + +class B(object): + def this(self): + print "in B.this" + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print "in C.this" + super(C, self).this() + + +# + +print "using super in just C" +c = C() +c.this() + + +# + +# using super everywhere: + + +# + +class Base(object): + def this(self): + pass # just so there is a base that has the method + + +# + +class A(Base): + def this(self): + print "in A.this" + super(A, self).this() + + +# + +class B(Base): + def this(self): + print "in B.this" + super(B, self).this() + + +# + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print "in C.this" + super(C, self).this() + + +# + +print "using super everywhere" +c = C() +c.this() + + +# + +# using super everywhere: + +class Base(object): + def this(self): + pass # just so there is a base that has the method + +class A(Base): + def this(self): + print "in A.this" + s = super(A, self) + print s + print s.this + s.this() + +class B(Base): + def this(self): + print "in B.this" + s = super(B, self) + print s + print s.this + s.this() + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print "in C.this" + A.this(self) + B.this(self) + + +# + +print "using super everywhere but C" +c = C() +c.this() + + +# + diff --git a/week-06/presentation-week-06.pdf b/week-06/presentation-week-06.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff6e103 Binary files /dev/null and b/week-06/presentation-week-06.pdf differ diff --git a/week-06/presentation-week-06.tex b/week-06/presentation-week-06.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e693c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-06/presentation-week-06.tex @@ -0,0 +1,751 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usetheme{Warsaw} +\title[Python Certificate: System Development]{Week 6: Advanced OO -- Numpy} +\author{Christopher Barker} +\institute{UW Continuing Education} +\date{April 30, 2013} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Table of Contents} +%\tableofcontents[currentsection] + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Some updates:} + +\Large{Some folks have asked to learn about Desktop GUIs} + +\vfill +\Large{And the class is smaller than it may have been} + +\vfill +\Large{So: week 9 will be Desktop GUIS with wxPython} + +\vfill +\Large{And we'll do all the student presentations on week 10: May 28th} + + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{BlueBox VMs} + +\Large{Does anyone still need their BlueBox VMs?} + + +\vfill +\large{ ( Conor, you're all set) } + +\end{frame} + +\section{Advanced-OO} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large What happens when a class instance is created?} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(object): + def __init__(self, arg1, arg2): + self.arg1 = arg1 + self.arg2 = arg2 + ..... +\end{verbatim} +\vfill + +\begin{itemize} + \item A new instance is created + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large What if you need to do something before creation?} + +\vfill +{\Large Enter: \verb|__new__|} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(object): + def __new__(cls, arg1, arg2): + some_code_here + return cls() + ..... +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb|__new__| is called: it returns a new instance + \item The code in \verb|__new__| is run to pre-initialize + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\large \verb|__new__| is a static method -- but it must be called with a class object as the first argument. And it should return a class instance: } + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Class(superclass): + def __new__(cls, arg1, arg2): + some_code_here + return superclass.__new__(cls) + ..... +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb|__new__| is called: it returns a new instance + \item The code in \verb|__new__| is run to pre-initialize + \item \verb|__init__| is called + \item The code in \verb|__init__| is run to initialize the instance +\end{itemize} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{class creation} + +{\Large When would you need to use it:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item subclassing an immutable type:\\ + -- It's too late to change it once you get to \verb|__init__| + + \item When \verb|__init__| not called: + \begin{itemize} + \item unpickling + \item copying + \end{itemize} + + {\large You may need to put some code in \verb|__new__| to make sure things go right} + +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large More detail here:} +\url{http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/#__new__} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\large Demo: \verb|code/__new__/new_example.py|} + +\vfill +{\Large Write a subclass of int that will always be an even number: round the input to the closest even number} + +\vfill +{\large \verb|code/__new__/even_int.py|} + +\vfill +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{multiple inheritance} + +{\Large Multiple inheritance:\\ +\hspace{0.2in} Pulling from more than one class} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +class Combined(Super1, Super2, Super3): + def __init__(self, something, something else): + Super1.__init__(self, ......) + Super2.__init__(self, ......) + Super3.__init__(self, ......) +\end{verbatim} +(calls to the super classes \verb|__init__| are optional -- case dependent) + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{multiple inheritance} + +\vfill +{\Large Method Resolution Order -- left to right} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item Is it an instance attribute ? + \item Is it a class attribute ? + \item Is it a superclass attribute ? + \begin{enumerate} + \item is it an attribute of the left-most superclass? + \item is it an attribute of the next superclass? + \item .... + \end{enumerate} + \item Is it a super-superclass attribute ? + \item ...also left to right... +\end{enumerate} + +\vfill +{\large ( This can get complicated...more on that later...)} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{mix-ins} + +{\Large Why would you want to do this?} + +\vfill +{\Large Hierarchies are not always simple:} +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item Animal + \begin{itemize} + \item Mammal + \begin{itemize} + \item GiveBirth() + \end{itemize} + \item Bird + \begin{itemize} + \item LayEggs() + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} +\vfill +{\Large Where do you put a Platypus or an Armadillo?} + +\vfill +{\Large Real World Example: \verb|wxPython FloatCanvas|} +\end{frame} + + +%-------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super} + +{\Large getting the superclass:} +\begin{verbatim} +class SafeVehicle(Vehicle): + """ + Safe Vehicle subclass of Vehicle base class... + """ + def __init__(self, position=0, velocity=0, icon='S'): + Vehicle.__init__(self, position, velocity, icon) +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large +\vfill +not DRY +\vfill +also, what if we had a bunch of references to superclass? +} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super} + +{\Large getting the superclass:} +\begin{verbatim} +class SafeVehicle(Vehicle): + """ + Safe Vehicle subclass of Vehicle base class + """ + def __init__(self, position=0, velocity=0, icon='S'): + super(SafeVehicle, self).__init__(position, velocity, icon) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\Large but super is about more than just DRY...} + +\vfill +{\Large Remember the method resolution order?} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{What does super() do?} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|super| returns a \\ +``proxy object that delegates method calls''} + +\vfill +{\Large It's not returning the object itself -- but you can call methods on it} + +\vfill +{\Large It runs through the method resolution order (MRO) to find the method you call.} + +\vfill +{\Large Key point: the MRO is determined \emph{at run time} } + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#super} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{What does super() do?} + +\vfill +{\Large Not the same as calling one superclass method...} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|super()| will call all the sibling superclass methods} + +\begin{verbatim} +class D(C, B, A): + def __init__(self): + super(D, self).__init__() +\end{verbatim} +same as +\begin{verbatim} +class D(C, B, A): + def __init__(self): + C.__init__() + B.__init__() + A.__init__() +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large you may not want that...} + +\end{frame} + + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super} + +{\Large Two seminal articles about \verb|super()|:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE ``Super Considered Harmful''}\\[0.1in] +{\Large \hspace{0.5in}-- James Knight } + +\vfill +\url{https://fuhm.net/super-harmful/} + + +\vfill +{\LARGE ``super() considered super!''}\\[0.1in] +{\Large \hspace{0.5in}-- Raymond Hettinger } + +\vfill +\url{http://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/} +\vfill + +{\large (Both worth reading....)} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{super issues...} + +{\Large Both actually say similar things:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item The method being called by super() needs to exist + \item Every occurrence of the method needs to use super():\\ + Use it consistently, and document that you use it, as it is part of the external interface for your class, like it or not. + \item The caller and callee need to have a matching argument signature: + \begin{itemize} + \item Never call super with anything but the exact arguments you received, unless you really know what you're doing. + \item When you use it on methods whose acceptable arguments can be altered on a subclass via addition of more optional arguments, always accept *args, **kwargs, and call super like \verb|super(MyClass, self).method(args_declared, *args, **kwargs)|. + \end{itemize} + +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +%\section{meta-classes} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap Up} + +{\LARGE Thinking OO in Python:} + +\vfill +{\large Think about what makes sense for your code:} +\begin{itemize} + \item {\large Code re-use} + \item {\large Clean APIs} + \item {\large ... } +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large Don't be a slave to what OO is \emph{supposed} to look like. } + +\vfill +{\large Let OO work for you, not \emph{create} work for you} + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap Up} + +{\Large OO in Python:} + +\vfill +{\Large The Art of Subclassing}: Raymond Hettinger + +\vfill +{\small \url{http://pyvideo.org/video/879/the-art-of-subclassing}} + +\vfill +''classes are for code re-use -- not creating taxonomies'' + +\vfill +{\Large Stop Writing Classes}: Jack Diederich + +\vfill +{\small \url{http://pyvideo.org/video/880/stop-writing-classes}} + +\vfill +``If your class has only two methods -- and one of them is \verb|__init__| +-- you don't need a class '' +\end{frame} + + +\section{numpy} + +%--------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{numpy} + +\vfill +\begin{center} +{\LARGE numpy} + +\vfill +{\Large Not just for lots of numbers!\\[0.1in] +(but it's great for that!)} +\end{center} +\vfill +\url{http://www.numpy.org/} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{what is numpy?} + +{\Large An N-Dimensional array object} + +\vfill +{\Large A whole pile of tools for operations on/with that object.} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Why numpy?} + +{\Large Classic answer: Lots of numbers} + +\vfill +\begin{itemize} + \item Faster + \item Less memory + \item More data types +\end{itemize} + + +\vfill +{\Large Even if you don't have lot of numbers:} +\begin{itemize} + \item N-d array slicing + \item Vector operations + \item Flexible data types +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +% %---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{why numpy?} + +{\Large Wrapper for a block of memory:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Interfacing with C libs + \item PyOpenGL + \item GDAL + \item NetCDF4 + \item Shapely +\end{itemize} + +{\Large Image processing:} +\begin{itemize} + \item PIL + \item WxImage + \item ndimage +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{What is an nd array?} +\begin{itemize} + \item N-dimensional (up to 32!) + \item Homogeneous array: + \begin{itemize} + \item Every element is the same type\\ + (but that type can be a pyObject) + \item Int, float, char -- more exotic types + \end{itemize} + \item ``rank'' – number of dimensions + \item Strided data: + \begin{itemize} + \item Describes how to index into block of memory + \item PEP 3118 -- Revising the buffer protocol + \end{itemize} +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large demos: \verb|memory.py| and \verb|structure.py|} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Built-in Data Types} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Signed and unsigned Integers\\ + 8, 16, 32, 64 bits + \item Floating Point\\ + 32, 64, 96, 128 bits (not all platforms) + \item Complex\\ + 64, 128, 192, 256 bits + \item String and unicode\\ + Static length + \item Bool \\ + 8 bit + \item Python Object \\ + Really a pointer +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large demo: \verb|object.py|} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Compund dtypes} + +{\Large +\begin{itemize} + \item Can define any combination of other types \\ + Still Homogenous: Array of structs. + \item Can name the fields + \item Can be like a database table + \item Useful for reading binary data +\end{itemize} +} + +\vfill +{\Large demo: \verb|dtypes.py|} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Array Constructors:} + +{\Large From scratch:} + +\verb|ones(), zeros(), empty(), arange(), linspace(), logspace()| + +( Default dtype: np.float64 ) + + +\vfill +{\Large From sequences:} + +\verb|array(), asarray()| + +( Build from any sequence ) + +\vfill +{\Large From binary data:} +\verb|fromstring(), frombuffer(), fromfile()| + +\vfill +{\Large Assorted linear algebra standards:} +\verb|eye(), diag(), etc.| + +\vfill +{\large demo: \verb|constructors.py|} +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Broadcasting:} + +{\Large Element-wise operations among two different rank arrays:} + +\vfill +{\Large Simple case: scalar and array:} + +\begin{verbatim} +In [37]: a +Out[37]: array([1, 2, 3]) + +In [38]: a*3 +Out[38]: array([3, 6, 9]) +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large Great for functions of more than one variable on a grid} + +\vfill +{\large demo: \verb|broadcasting.py|} +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Slicing -- views:} + +{\Large a slice is a ``view'' on the array:\\ +new object, but shares memory:} + +\begin{verbatim} +In [12]: a = np.array((1,2,3,4)) +In [13]: b = a[:] +# for lists -- [:] means copy -- not for arrays! +In [15]: a is b +Out[15]: False +# it's new array, but... +In [16]: b[2] = 5 +In [17]: a +Out[17]: array([1, 2, 5, 4]) +# a and b share data +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\large demo: \verb|slice.py|} +\end{frame} + + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Working with compiled code:} + +{\Large Wrapper around a C pointer to a block of data} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Some code can't be vectorized + \item Interface with existing libraries +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\Large Tools:} +\begin{itemize} + \item C API: you don't want to do that! + \item Cython: typed arrays + \item Ctypes + \item SWIG: numpy.i + \item Boost: boost array + \item f2py +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +Example of numpy+cython: \url{http://wiki.cython.org/examples/mandelbrot} +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{numpy persistance:} + +{\Large \verb|.tofile() / fromfile()|}\\ + -- Just the raw bytes, no metadata + +\vfill +{\Large pickle } + +\vfill +{\Large \verb|savez()| -- numpy zip format}\\ +Compact: binary dump plus metadata + +\vfill +{\Large netcdf} + +\vfill +{\Large Hdf} +\begin{itemize} + \item Pyhdf + \item pytables +\end{itemize} + + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Other stuff:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Masked arrays + \item Memory-mapped files + \item Set operations: unique, etc + \item Random numbers + \item Polynomials + \item FFT + \item Sorting and searching + \item Linear Algebra + \item Statistics +\end{itemize} + +{\large (And all of scipy!)} + +\end{frame} + +%---------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{numpy docs:} + +\url{www.numpy.org}\\ + -- Numpy reference Downloads, etc + +\vfill +\url{www.scipy.org}\\ + -- lots of docs + +\vfill +{\large Scipy cookbook}\\ +\url{http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook} + +\vfill +{\large ``The Numpy Book''}\\ +\url{http://www.tramy.us/numpybook.pdf} + + +\end{frame} + +% %---------------------------------- +% \begin{frame}[fragile]{Other stuff:} + +% \end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Next Week:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Threading / Multiprocessing}\\[0.2in] +{\Large \hspace{0.5in} -- Jeff} + + +\vfill +{\Large And of course, your projects...} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + + +\end{document} + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/redis_demo_bs_spider.py b/week-06/redis_demo_bs_spider.py similarity index 100% rename from redis_demo_bs_spider.py rename to week-06/redis_demo_bs_spider.py diff --git a/week-07/comparison_results.html b/week-07/comparison_results.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..336d014 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/comparison_results.html @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ + + + + + Multithreading vs. Multiprocessing execution times comparison + + +

Comparison of performance using multithreaded vs multiprocessing

+

Machine with two microprocessors, each with 4 cores, 1600 MHz
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
# of iterations
+ 		execution time (seconds) threaded
+ 		execution time (seconds) multiprocesses
+
200000000
+ 		42.17.74
40000000056.215.6
+
700000000
+ 		69.326.5
1300000000 (single threaded)
+ 		49.3
+ 		48.7
+
+
+ 
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/PythonCertSpring/week-07$ python mtrun3.py 
starting at: Tue Apr 23 15:23:51 2013
start loop 0 at: Tue Apr 23 15:23:51 2013
start loop 1start loop 2 at: Tue Apr 23 15:23:51 2013
+ at: Tue Apr 23 15:23:51 2013
loop 1 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:24:33 2013 Elapsed time is 42.105129 seconds
loop 0 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:24:47 2013 Elapsed time is 56.186746 seconds
loop 2 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:25:00 2013 Elapsed time is 69.339135 seconds
all DONE at: Tue Apr 23 15:25:00 2013 Elapsed time is 69.345841 seconds
start a single thread at: Tue Apr 23 15:25:00 2013 PID is  7906
done at: Tue Apr 23 15:25:49 2013 elapsed time is 49.341978 seconds
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/PythonCertSpring/week-07$ python mprun3.py 
starting at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:15 2013 PID is 7923
start loop 0 at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:15 2013 PID is  7924
start loop 1 at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:15 2013 PID is  7925
start loop 2 at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:15 2013 PID is  7926
loop 1 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:23 2013 Elapsed time is 7.737115 seconds
loop 0 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:31 2013 Elapsed time is 15.584738 seconds
loop 2 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:42 2013 Elapsed time is 26.527979 seconds
Multiprocessing all DONE at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:42 2013 elapsed time is 26.530449 seconds
start a single process at: Tue Apr 23 15:28:42 2013 PID is  7923
done at: Tue Apr 23 15:29:30 2013 elapsed time is 48.690228 seconds
jeffs@jeffs-desktop:~/PythonCertSpring/week-07$
+
+

Machine with one microprocessor,  2 cores, 1000 MHz
+

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
# of iterations
+ 		execution time (seconds) threaded
+ 		execution time (seconds) multiprocesses
+
200000000
+ 		67.6
+ 		29.1
+
400000000118
+ 		51.6
+
700000000
+ 		145
+ 		75.6
+
1300000000 (single threaded)
+ 		117
+ 		128
+
+ 

jeffs@jeffs-Latitude-D620 ~/PythonCDB/week-07 $ python mtrun3.py; python mprun3.py
+starting at: Tue Apr 23 15:52:44 2013
+start loop 0 at: Tue Apr 23 15:52:44 2013
+start loop 1 at: Tue Apr 23 15:52:44 2013
+start loop 2 at: Tue Apr 23 15:52:44 2013
+loop 1 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:53:52 2013 Elapsed time is 67.534337 seconds
+loop 0 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:54:43 2013 Elapsed time is 118.884741 seconds
+loop 2 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:55:09 2013 Elapsed time is 144.973048 seconds
+all DONE at: Tue Apr 23 15:55:09 2013 Elapsed time is 144.986876 seconds
+start a single thread at: Tue Apr 23 15:55:09 2013 PID is  9368
+done at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:07 2013 elapsed time is 117.963718 seconds
+starting at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:07 2013 PID is 9381
+start loop 2 at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:07 2013 PID is  9384
+start loop 0 at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:07 2013 PID is  9382
+start loop 1 at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:07 2013 PID is  9383
+loop 1 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:36 2013 Elapsed time is 29.050676 seconds
+loop 0 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:57:59 2013 Elapsed time is 51.618494 seconds
+loop 2 done at: Tue Apr 23 15:58:23 2013 Elapsed time is 75.552120 seconds
+Multiprocessing all DONE at: Tue Apr 23 15:58:23 2013 elapsed time is 75.557489 seconds
+start a single process at: Tue Apr 23 15:58:23 2013 PID is  9381
+done at: Tue Apr 23 16:00:31 2013 elapsed time is 128.608262 seconds
+jeffs@jeffs-Latitude-D620 ~/PythonCDB/week-07 $ 
+
+
+ + diff --git a/week-07/link_to_slides.html b/week-07/link_to_slides.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f21a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/link_to_slides.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + Link to slides for Week 7 + + + + + The slides are at Google + + Docs.
+ + diff --git a/week-07/mprun3.py b/week-07/mprun3.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6462d70 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mprun3.py @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python + +# This program demonstrates that using processes does improve the execution +# time of a multiprocess program +from multiprocessing import Process +from time import time, ctime +import os + +iterations = [4, 2, 7] +scaling_factor = 100000000 # Change this number so that the subprocess takes a + # reasonable amount of time. CPU dependent + + + +for i in range(len(iterations)): + iterations[i] *= scaling_factor + +def loop(nloop, iterations): + start_time = time() + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(iterations): + l += 1.0 + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime(),'Elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) + +def main(): + start_time = time() + print 'starting at:', ctime(), 'PID is', os.getpid() + processes = [] + n_iterations = range(len(iterations)) + + for i in n_iterations: + p = Process(target=loop, args=(i, iterations[i])) + processes.append(p) + + for i in n_iterations: + processes[i].start() + + for i in n_iterations: + processes[i].join() + + + print 'Multiprocessing all DONE at:', ctime(), "elapsed time is %f seconds" % (time()-start_time) + +# Now, try the same trick without multiprocessing + n_iterations = sum(iterations) + start_time = time() + print 'start a single process at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(n_iterations): + l += 1.0 + print 'done at:', ctime(), 'elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) + + + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mprun_q3.py b/week-07/mprun_q3.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..042d6a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mprun_q3.py @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python + +# This program demonstrates that using processes does improve the execution +# time of a multiprocess program +from multiprocessing import Process, Queue +from time import time, ctime +import os + +iterations = [4, 2, 7] +scaling_factor = 100000000 # Change this number so that the subprocess takes a + # reasonable amount of time. CPU dependent + + + +for i in range(len(iterations)): + iterations[i] *= scaling_factor + +def loop(nloop, iterations, q): + start_time = time() + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(iterations): + l += 1.0 +# Process puts the results in the queue and then keeps going. + q.put( l ) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime(),'Elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) +# process now goes to sleep until parent joins it. + +def main(): + start_time = time() + print 'starting at:', ctime(), 'PID is', os.getpid() + processes = [] + q_list = [] + n_iterations = range(len(iterations)) + + for i in n_iterations: + q = Queue() + q_list.append(q) + p = Process(target=loop, args=(i, iterations[i], q)) + processes.append(p) + + + for i in n_iterations: + processes[i].start() + + all_sum = 0.0 + for i in n_iterations: + all_sum += q_list[i].get() + processes[i].join() + print "Sum is %f" % all_sum + + print 'Multiprocessing all DONE at:', ctime(), "elapsed time is %f seconds" % (time()-start_time) + +# Now, try the same trick without multiprocessing + n_iterations = sum(iterations) + start_time = time() + print 'start a single process at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(n_iterations): + l += 1.0 + print 'done at:', ctime(), 'elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) + print "Sum is %f" % l + + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mpsleep3.py b/week-07/mpsleep3.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..723c051 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mpsleep3.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python + +from multiprocessing import Process +from time import sleep, ctime +import os + +loops = [4, 2, 7] + +def loop(nloop, nsec): + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + sleep(nsec) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime() + +def main(): + print 'starting at:', ctime(), 'PID is', os.getpid() + processes = [] + nloops = range(len(loops)) + + for i in nloops: + p = Process(target=loop, args=(i, loops[i])) + processes.append(p) + + for i in nloops: + processes[i].start() + + for i in nloops: + processes[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime() + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mpsleep5.py b/week-07/mpsleep5.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f03f353 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mpsleep5.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#!python + +import multiprocessing +from time import sleep, ctime + +loops = [4, 2, 7] + +class My_thread ( threading.Thread ): + def __init__(self, func, args, name=''): +# This is the way the documentation says to do it +# threading.Thread.__init__(self) # intialize the superclass +# This is the way we did it in week 6 + threading.super().__init__(self) + self.name = name + self.func = func + self.args = args + + def run(self): + self.func ( *self.args ) + +def loop(nloop, nsec): + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime() + sleep(nsec) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime() + +def main(): + print 'starting at:', ctime() + threads = [] + nloops = range(len(loops)) + + for i in nloops: + t = My_thread(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime() + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mtrun3.py b/week-07/mtrun3.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cf1d1ca --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mtrun3.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# This program demonstrates that using threads does not improve the execution +# time of a multithreaded program +import threading +from time import time, ctime +import os + +iterations = [4, 2, 7] +scaling_factor = 100000000 # Change this number so that the subprocess takes a + # reasonable amount of time. CPU dependent + + + +for i in range(len(iterations)): + iterations[i] *= scaling_factor + +def loop(nloop, iterations): + start_time = time() + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(iterations): + l += 1.0 + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime(),'Elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) + +def main(): + start_time = time() + print 'starting at:', ctime() + threads = [] + n_iterations = range(len(iterations)) + + for i in n_iterations: + t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i, iterations[i])) + threads.append(t) + + for i in n_iterations: + threads[i].start() + + for i in n_iterations: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime(), 'Elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) +# Now, try the same trick without multiprocessing + n_iterations = sum(iterations) + start_time = time() + print 'start a single thread at:', ctime(), 'PID is ', os.getpid() + l = 0.0 + for i in xrange(n_iterations): + l += 1.0 + print 'done at:', ctime(), 'elapsed time is %f seconds' % (time()-start_time) + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mtsleep3.py b/week-07/mtsleep3.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5192f97 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mtsleep3.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#!python + +import threading +from time import sleep, ctime + +loops = [4, 2] + +def loop(nloop, nsec): + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime() + sleep(nsec) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime() + +def main(): + print 'starting at:', ctime() + threads = [] + nloops = range(len(loops)) + + for i in nloops: + t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i, loops[i])) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime() + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mtsleep4.py b/week-07/mtsleep4.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2ff1bc --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mtsleep4.py @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# This is from Wesley Chun, Core Python Programming 2nd Ed. page 805 with some +# modifications by Jeff Silverman + + +import threading +from time import sleep, ctime + +loops = [4, 2] + +class ThreadFunc(object): + def __init__(self, func, args, name=''): + self.name = name + self.func = func + self.args = args + + def __call__(self): +# apply(self.func, self.args) Obsolete usage + self.func( *self.args ) + +def loop(nloop, nsec): + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime() + sleep(nsec) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime() + +def main(): + print 'starting at:', ctime() + threads = [] + nloops = range(len(loops)) + + for i in nloops: + t = threading.Thread(target=ThreadFunc(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__)) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime() + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mtsleep5.py b/week-07/mtsleep5.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3958f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mtsleep5.py @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python + +import threading +from time import sleep, ctime + +loops = [4, 2, 7] + +class My_thread ( threading.Thread ): + def __init__(self, func, args, name=''): + threading.Thread.__init__(self) + self.name = name + self.func = func + self.args = args + + def run(self): + self.func ( *self.args ) + +def loop(nloop, nsec): + print 'start loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime() + sleep(nsec) + print 'loop', nloop, 'done at:', ctime() + +def main(): + print 'starting at:', ctime() + threads = [] + nloops = range(len(loops)) + + for i in nloops: + t = My_thread(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nloops: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE at:', ctime() + +if __name__=='__main__': + main() diff --git a/week-07/mythread.py b/week-07/mythread.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c413309 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/mythread.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#! /usr/bin/env python +# +# +import threading +from time import ctime + +class My_thread ( threading.Thread ): + def __init__(self, func, args, name=''): + threading.Thread.__init__(self) # intialize the superclass + self.name = name + self.func = func + self.args = args + + def run(self): + print "Starting ", self.name, "at:", ctime() + self.func ( *self.args ) + print self.name, "finished at", ctime() + + + def get_result( self ): + return self.res + + diff --git a/week-07/prodcons.py b/week-07/prodcons.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..909a0db --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/prodcons.py @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +from random import randint +from time import sleep +from Queue import Queue +from mythread import My_thread +QUEUE_SIZE = 6 + +def writeQ(queue): + print 'Producing object for Q...', + if queue.full() : + print "queue is full, writeQ will block" + block = True + else : + block = False + queue.put('xxx', block=1) + if block : + print "writeQ is now unblocked" + print 'size now', queue.qsize() + +def readQ(queue): + if queue.empty() : + print "readQ will block" + block = True + else : + block = False + val = queue.get(block=1) + if block : + print "readQ is now unblocked" + print 'consumed object from Q... size now', queue.qsize() + +def writer(queue, loops): + for i in range(loops): + writeQ(queue) + sleep(randint(1, 3)) + +def reader(queue, loops): + for i in range(loops): + readQ(queue) + sleep(randint(2, 5)) + +funcs = [writer, reader] +nfuncs = range(len(funcs)) + +def main(): + nloops = randint(8, 20) + q = Queue(QUEUE_SIZE) + + threads = [] + for i in nfuncs: + t = My_thread(funcs[i], (q, nloops), funcs[i].__name__) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nfuncs: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nfuncs: + threads[i].join() + + print 'all DONE' + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() + diff --git a/week-07/prodcons_mutex.py b/week-07/prodcons_mutex.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4b8b548 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-07/prodcons_mutex.py @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +from random import randint +from time import sleep +from Queue import Queue +from mythread import My_thread +from threading import RLock + + +QUEUE_SIZE = 6 + +def writeQ(queue): + mutex_print ( 'Producing object for Q...' ) + if queue.full() : + mutex_print ( "queue is full, writeQ will block" ) + block = True + else : + block = False + queue.put('xxx', block=1) + if block : + mutex_print ( "writeQ is now unblocked" ) + mutex_print ( 'size now %d'% queue.qsize() ) + +def readQ(queue): + if queue.empty() : + mutex_print ( "readQ will block" ) + block = True + else : + block = False + val = queue.get(block=1) + if block : + mutex_print ( "readQ is now unblocked" ) + mutex_print ('consumed object from Q... size now %d' % queue.qsize() ) + +def writer(queue, loops): + for i in range(loops): + writeQ(queue) + sleep(randint(1, 3)) + +def reader(queue, loops): + for i in range(loops): + readQ(queue) + sleep(randint(2, 5)) + +def mutex_print( string ): + """If you have multiple threads printing at random, then the output looks +awful. Using a lock around a print statement insures that only one thread can +print at any time. All other threads that wish to print block when they try to +acquire the lock, until the thread that blocks the lock releases it""" + print_lock.acquire() + print string + print_lock.release() + + +funcs = [writer, reader] +nfuncs = range(len(funcs)) +print_lock = RLock() + +def main(): + nloops = 20 + q = Queue(QUEUE_SIZE) + + threads = [] + for i in nfuncs: + t = My_thread(funcs[i], (q, nloops), funcs[i].__name__) + threads.append(t) + + for i in nfuncs: + threads[i].start() + + for i in nfuncs: + threads[i].join() + +# no need to invoke mutex_print here because all of the threads are terminated + print 'all DONE' + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() + diff --git a/week-08/code/PerformanceTweeks.ipynb b/week-08/code/PerformanceTweeks.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5025a9e --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/PerformanceTweeks.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "PerformanceTweeks" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Some performance tests..." + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Function calls" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def add(a,b):\n", + " return a+b" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def func_call():\n", + " for i in xrange(1000):\n", + " x = add(i, 2*i)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit func_call()\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1000 loops, best of 3: 278 us per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def inline():\n", + " for i in xrange(1000):\n", + " x = i + 2*i" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit inline()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "10000 loops, best of 3: 108 us per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Name lookup" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "this = 5\n", + "def a_func():\n", + " # define another func in there\n", + " def test(n):\n", + " for i in xrange(n):\n", + " x = i * this\n", + " \n", + " test(1000)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit a_func()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "10000 loops, best of 3: 107 us per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "this = 5\n", + "def a_func2():\n", + " # define another func in there\n", + " def test(n):\n", + " # create a local variable before the loop\n", + " that = this\n", + " for i in xrange(n):\n", + " x = i * that\n", + " \n", + " test(1000)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit a_func2()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "10000 loops, best of 3: 96.1 us per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Looping methods: are for loops slow?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def for_loop():\n", + " l = []\n", + " for i in xrange(1000000):\n", + " l.append(i*i)\n", + " return l" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit for_loop()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 366 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit [i*i for i in xrange(1000000)]" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 240 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit map(lambda i: i*i, xrange(1000000)) # note extra function call..." + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 369 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-08/code/for_loop_test.ipynb b/week-08/code/for_loop_test.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6158388 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/for_loop_test.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,234 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "for_loop_test" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Is a for loop really slow?\n", + "(from a LinkedIn discussion)\n", + "\n", + "## task: convert list of tuples to a dict:\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "# some data\n", + "# generate some large test data (million entries) \n", + "raw_data = [('a%i'%i, 'value%i'%i) for i in xrange(1000000)] " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### for loop method" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def for_loop(raw_data): \n", + " d = {} \n", + " for key, val in raw_data: \n", + " d[key] = val \n", + " return d " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### dict constructor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def dict_const(raw_data): \n", + " d = dict(raw_data) \n", + " return d " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### map and lambda" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def map_lambda(raw_data): \n", + " d = {} \n", + " map(lambda each: d.setdefault(each[0], each[1]), raw_data) \n", + " return d " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### list comprehension" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "def list_comp(raw_data): \n", + " d = {} \n", + " [d.setdefault(key, val) for (key, val) in raw_data] \n", + " return d " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## and the timings:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit for_loop(raw_data)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 291 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit dict_const(raw_data)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 225 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit map_lambda(raw_data)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 740 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "timeit list_comp(raw_data)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1 loops, best of 3: 488 ms per loop\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## Lessons:\n", + "\n", + "The dict constructor does it all inside the python interpreter, and doesn't need to do much extra -- hash the key, and just toss in the pointer to the value -- the least amount of work possible. \n", + "\n", + "The for loop doesn't generate an extra list it doesn't need, so really as little as possible but with the extra indexing operation over dict() \n", + "\n", + "The list comp is similar to for loop, but also creates an unneeded, and then tossed out, extra list. \n", + "\n", + "map+lambda requires an extra function call (the lambda) each time through the loop. \n", + "\n", + "### Conclusions: \n", + "\n", + "- use built-in constructors when possible. \n", + "- for loops are not slow -- it's what you do in them that may be slow \n", + "- list comps are used for clean, compact code, not performance \n", + "- map has little advantage over list_comps, and it's less flexible, as it only does a function of one variable. \n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-08/code/line_prof_example.py b/week-08/code/line_prof_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79959eb --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/line_prof_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +timing example -- set up for running with line_profiler + +$ pip install line_profiler + +$ kernprof.py -l -v line_prof_example.py + +""" + +@profile +def primes_stupid(N): + """ + a really simple way to compute the first N prime numbers + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in range(2, i): + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 1 + + return primes + +primes_stupid(100) + + + diff --git a/week-08/code/profile_example.py b/week-08/code/profile_example.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e521ac1 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/profile_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +code for testing profiling + +borrowed from: + +http://pysnippet.blogspot.com/2009/12/profiling-your-python-code.html +""" + +def odd_numbers(max): + """ Returns a list with all odd numbers between 0 to max (inclusive) """ + l = list() + for i in xrange(max+1): + if (i & 1): + l.append(i) + return l + +def sum_odd_numbers(max): + """ Sum all odd numbers between 0 to max (inclusive) """ + odd_nbrs = odd_numbers(max) + + res = 0 + for odd in odd_nbrs: + res += odd + return res + +def main(): + # Run this 100 times to make it measurable + for i in xrange(100): + print sum_odd_numbers(1024) + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() + diff --git a/week-08/code/pstats_demo.ipynb b/week-08/code/pstats_demo.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb9689d --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/pstats_demo.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "pstats_demo" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Pstats example:\n", + "\n", + "first build the profile data with:\n", + "\n", + "$ python -m cProfile -o profile_dump profile_example.py\n" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import pstats\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p = pstats.Stats(\"profile_dump\")\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p.print_stats()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Tue May 14 17:42:50 2013 profile_dump\n", + "\n", + " 51403 function calls in 0.028 seconds\n", + "\n", + " Random listing order was used\n", + "\n", + " ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)\n", + " 51200 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.000 {method 'append' of 'list' objects}\n", + " 1 0.000 0.000 0.028 0.028 profile_example.py:9()\n", + " 1 0.001 0.001 0.028 0.028 profile_example.py:28(main)\n", + " 100 0.020 0.000 0.024 0.000 profile_example.py:11(odd_numbers)\n", + " 100 0.003 0.000 0.028 0.000 profile_example.py:19(sum_odd_numbers)\n", + " 1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 4, + "text": [ + "" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p.sort_stats('time').print_stats()" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Tue May 14 17:42:50 2013 profile_dump\n", + "\n", + " 51403 function calls in 0.028 seconds\n", + "\n", + " Ordered by: internal time\n", + "\n", + " ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function)\n", + " 100 0.020 0.000 0.024 0.000 profile_example.py:11(odd_numbers)\n", + " 51200 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.000 {method 'append' of 'list' objects}\n", + " 100 0.003 0.000 0.028 0.000 profile_example.py:19(sum_odd_numbers)\n", + " 1 0.001 0.001 0.028 0.028 profile_example.py:28(main)\n", + " 1 0.000 0.000 0.028 0.028 profile_example.py:9()\n", + " 1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects}\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "pyout", + "prompt_number": 6, + "text": [ + "" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-08/code/string_building.py b/week-08/code/string_building.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ec1412 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/string_building.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +NOTE: common wisdom is don't build up strings by adding. + rather, build in a list, then .join() + +But time these to see the actual difference! + +""" + +def build1(N): + a_string = 'something' + string = "" + for i in xrange(N): + string += a_string + return string + + +def build2(N): + a_string = 'something' + string = [] + for i in xrange(N): + string.append(a_string) + return "".join(string) + + + diff --git a/week-08/code/test_primes.py b/week-08/code/test_primes.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee8b76c --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/test_primes.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +test code for factorial code in timing.py +""" + +from timing import primes_stupid as primes +#from timing_solution import primes_stupid_4 as primes + +def test_1(): + """make sure you get the first one!""" + assert primes(1) == [2] + +def test_2(): + """make sure you get the first one!""" + assert primes(2) == [2, 3] + +def test_3(): + """make sure you get the first one!""" + assert primes(3) == [2, 3, 5] + +def test_5(): + """make sure you get the first one!""" + assert primes(5) == [2, 3, 5, 7, 11] + +def test_12(): + """make sure you get the first one!""" + assert primes(12) == [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61] diff --git a/week-08/code/timing.py b/week-08/code/timing.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..2684833 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/timing.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +timing example +""" + +@profile +def primes_stupid(N): + """ + a really simple way to compute the first N prime numbers + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in range(2, i): + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 1 + + return primes + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import timeit + + + print "running the timer on primes_stupid:" + run_time = timeit.timeit("primes_stupid(100)", + setup="from __main__ import primes_stupid", + number=500) # default: 1000000 + print "it took: %f seconds"%run_time + primes_stupid(100) + + + diff --git a/week-08/code/timing_solution.py b/week-08/code/timing_solution.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..946dc3f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/code/timing_solution.py @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +timing example, with a couple faster versions.... +""" + +def primes_stupid(N): + """ + a really simple way to compute the first N prime numbers + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in range(2, i): # the "/2" is an optimization -- no point in checking even numbers + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 1 + + return primes + +def primes_stupid_2(N): + """ + a slightly less simple way to compute the first N prime numbers + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in range(2, i): # the "/2" is an optimization -- no point in checking even numbers + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 2 # no reason to check the even numbers + + return primes + +def primes_stupid_3(N): + """ + a slightly less simple way to compute the first N prime numbers + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in range(2, i/2): # no point in checking up to more than half the value + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 2 # no reason to check the even numbers + + return primes + + + +def primes_stupid_4(N): + """ + yet antoher improvement + """ + primes = [2] + i = 3 + while len(primes) < N: + for j in primes: # only have to check if divisible by primes less than the current value + if not i % j: # it's not prime + break + else: + primes.append(i) + i += 2 # no reason to check the even numbers + + return primes + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import timeit + + print "running the timer:" + run_time = timeit.timeit("primes_stupid(100)", + setup="from __main__ import primes_stupid", + number=500) # default: 1000000 + print "it took: %f seconds"%run_time + + print "running the timer on primes_stupid_2:" + run_time = timeit.timeit("primes_stupid_2(100)", + setup="from __main__ import primes_stupid_2", + number=500) # default: 1000000 + print "it took: %f seconds"%run_time + + print "running the timer on primes_stupid_3:" + run_time = timeit.timeit("primes_stupid_3(100)", + setup="from __main__ import primes_stupid_3", + number=500) # default: 1000000 + print "it took: %f seconds"%run_time + + print "running the timer on primes_stupid_4:" + run_time = timeit.timeit("primes_stupid_4(100)", + setup="from __main__ import primes_stupid_4", + number=500) # default: 1000000 + print "it took: %f seconds"%run_time + diff --git a/week-08/presentation-week08.pdf b/week-08/presentation-week08.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07751fd Binary files /dev/null and b/week-08/presentation-week08.pdf differ diff --git a/week-08/presentation-week08.tex b/week-08/presentation-week08.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db10e8b --- /dev/null +++ b/week-08/presentation-week08.tex @@ -0,0 +1,515 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usetheme{Warsaw} +\title[Python Certificate: System Development]{System Development with Python: Week 8} +\author{Christopher Barker} +\institute{UW Continuing Education} +\date{May 14, 2013} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Table of Contents} +%\tableofcontents[currentsection] + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + + +\section{Introduction} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Performance Testing} + +{\Large ``Premature optimization is the root of all evil''}\\[0.1in] +{\large \hspace{0.5in} -- Donald Knuth} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Optimizing} + +{\Large Optimizing procedure:} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item Get it right. + \item Test it's right. + \item Profile if slow. + \item Optimise (the bits that matter) + \item Repeat from 2 (until it's good enough) +\end{enumerate} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Optimizing} + +{\Large Anecdote:} + + +\vfill +{\large I once optimized a portion of the start-up routine for a oil spill modeling project -- numpy+custom C extensions} + +\vfill +{\large The portion I worked on I sped up by a factor of 100} + +\vfill +{\large That made the start-up time twice as fast} + +\vfill +{\large But the start up took 20 seconds (was 40), and the whole run took hours.} + +\vfill +{\large It was a total waste of my time (though I learned a lot)} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Profiling/timing} + +\vfill +{\Large You can't optimize your code without knowing where the bottlenecks are.} + +\vfill +{\Large Smarter people than me have said they they are almost always wrong +when they try to logically determine where the slow code is. (I know I am)} + +\vfill +{\Large ... and how to speed it up} + +\vfill +{\Large Profiling: finding where the bottlenecks are} + +\vfill +{\Large Timing: Comparing different implementations} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Timing} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{time.clock()} + +{\Large The really easy way:} + +\begin{verbatim} +import time + +start = time.clock() + ... do_some_stuff ... +print "It took %f seconds to run"%(time.clock - start) +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large It works, it's easy, and it gives a gross approximation} + +\vfill +(use \verb|time.clock()|, rather than \verb|time.time()|, unless you want to time network access, etc.) + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{timeit} + +{\Large The good way:} + +\begin{verbatim} +import timeit + +timeit.timeit( statement, setup=some_stuff) + +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large It's kind of a pain, but gives meaningful results.} + +(can also be called on the command line) + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/timeit.html} +\vfill +(\verb|code/timing.py|) +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{\%timeit} + +{\Large The easy {\bf and} good way:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE \verb|iPython|:} +\begin{verbatim} + +In [52]: import timing + +In [53]: %timeit timing.primes_stupid(5) +100000 loops, best of 3: 10.9 us per loop + +\end{verbatim} + +{\Large Takes care of the setup/namespace and number of iterations for you} + +\vfill +(demo) + +\vfill +\url{http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/dev/interactive/tutorial.html} +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{timing} + +{\LARGE NOTE:} + +\vfill +{\Large All these timing methods depend a lot on hardware, system load, etc.} + + +\vfill +{\Large So really only good for relative timing -- comparing one method to another -- on the same machine, under same load.} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\Large Timing Lab} +\begin{itemize} + \item run \verb|timeit| on some code of yours (or timing.py, or..) + \item run iPython's \%timeit on the same code. + \item try to make the primes code in timing.py faster, and time the difference. + \item write some code that tests one of the performance issues in:\\ + {\small \url{http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonSpeed/PerformanceTips} }\\ + use one of the \verb|timeit|s to see if you can make a difference. + \item Is string concatenation really slower than building in a list and joining? +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Profiling} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Profiling} + +{\Large A profiler is a tool that describes the run time performance of a +program, providing a variety of statistics} + +\vfill +{\Large Helpful when you don't yet know where your bottlenecks are} + +\vfill +{\Large The python profiler} + +\begin{verbatim} +python -m cProfile -o profile_dump profile_example.py +\end{verbatim} +{\Large spews some stats} + + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/profile.html} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{python profiler} + +{\Large What you get:} + +\begin{description} + \item[ncalls] the number of calls. + \item[tottime] the total time spent in the given function (and excluding time made in calls to sub-functions), + \item[percall] the quotient of tottime divided by ncalls + \item[cumtime] the total time spent in this and all subfunctions (from invocation till exit). This figure is accurate even for recursive functions. + \item[percall] the quotient of cumtime divided by primitive calls +\end{description} +(demo: \verb|python -m cProfile profile_example.py|) +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{python profiler} + +{\Large You can also dump to a file:} + +\vfill +{\verb|$ python -m cProfile -o profile_dump profile_example.py|} + +\vfill +{\large This gives you a binary file you can examine with \verb|pstats|:} + +\vfill +{demo: \verb|$ python -m pstats|} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{pstats} + +{\Large Running \verb|pstats|} +{\small +\begin{verbatim} +$ +$ python -m pstats +Welcome to the profile statistics browser. +% read profile_dump +profile_dump% stats +Wed Aug 29 16:21:39 2012 profile_dump + + 51403 function calls in 0.032 seconds + + Random listing order was used + + ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) + 51200 0.006 0.000 0.006 0.000 {method 'append' of 'list' objects} + 1 0.000 0.000 0.032 0.032 profile_example.py:9() + 1 0.001 0.001 0.032 0.032 profile_example.py:28(main) + 100 0.022 0.000 0.027 0.000 profile_example.py:11(odd_numbers) + 100 0.003 0.000 0.031 0.000 profile_example.py:19(sum_odd_numbers) + 1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler' objects} +profile_dump% +\end{verbatim} +} +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{pstats commands} + +{\Large Commands:} + +\begin{description} + \item[help] help on pstats or particular command + \item[stats] print the profile statistics + \item[sort] sort by various data fields + \item[strip] strips the leading path info from file names + \item[callers] Print callers statistics + \item[callees] Print callees statistics + \item[quit] quits +\end{description} +{\large Each has options to customize output} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{automating profile stats} + +{\Large \verb|cProfile| and \verb|pstats| are also modules} + +\vfill +{\Large So you can script collection of profiles and stats} + +\vfill +\url{http://docs.python.org/library/profile.html} + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{``Run Snake Run''} + +\vfill +{\Large For a visual look at your profiling results:} + +\vfill +\url{http://www.vrplumber.com/programming/runsnakerun/} + +\vfill +(pretty cool stuff!) + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{line profiler} + +\vfill +{\large \verb|$ pip install line_profile|} + +\vfill +{\large decorate the function you want to profile:} + +\begin{verbatim} +@profile +def primes_stupid(N): + ... +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\large decorate the function you want to profile:} + +{\large \verb|$ kernprof.py -l -v line_prof_example.py|} + + +\vfill +\url{http://pythonhosted.org/line_profiler/} + +\vfill +\url{http://www.huyng.com/posts/python-performance-analysis/} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Performance Tuning} + +% --------------------------------------------- + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{``big O'' notation} + +\vfill +{\Large Computer scientists describe the efficency of an algorithm in ``big O'' notation.} + +\vfill +{\Large It describes how much longer a algorithm takes as a function of how much data it is working with} + +\vfill +\begin{description} + \item[O(1)] time stays the same regardless of how much data (adding to dicts) + \item[O(n)] goes up linearly with number of items\\ + (searching lists) + \item[$O(n^2)$] goes up quadratically with number of items\\ + \item[$O(log(n))$] goes up with the log of how many items\\ + (bisection search) +\end{description} + +Choosing the right data structure / algorithm is key. + +\url{http://wiki.python.org/moin/TimeComplexity} + +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Performance Tips} + +\vfill +{\Large Some common python performance issues:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item function calls can be slow(ish) -- sometimes worth in-lining. + \item looking up names -- particular global ones:\\ + can be worth making local copies + \item looping: list comps, maps, etc {\bf can} be faster. +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +\url{http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonSpeed/PerformanceTips/} + +\vfill +(some nifty profiling tools described there, too) + +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Memory} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Don't forget memory:} + +\vfill +{\Large Processors are fast} + +\vfill +{\Large It often takes longer to push the memory around than do the computation} + +\vfill +{\Large So keep in in mind for big data sets:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Use efficient data structures: \verb|array.array|, numpy + \item Use efficient algorithms ( $O( \log n )$ ) + \item Use generators, rather than lists: \verb|xrange|, etc. + \item Use suck in the data you need from databases, etc. +\end{itemize} + + +\vfill +\url{http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonSpeed/PerformanceTips/} + +and: + +\url{http://www.python.org/doc/essays/list2str.html} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{for loops redux...} + +{\LARGE Are for loops really slow?} + +\vfill +{\Large From Linkedin Discussion:} + +\vfill +{\large For loop is extremely slow} + +I retrieved 2 million lines of data from the database (each line has two columns), and i would like to restructure the tuple-format data to a dict, + +it's really unacceptable in case i use a for loop, it takes a lot of memory and very very slow. + +finally after long time searching for the solution in the network, i replace the for loop with a map + lambda. i think it's hundreds of times faster. + + +\vfill +demo: \verb|for_loop_test.ipynb| + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +{\Large Profiling lab} +\begin{itemize} + \item try the profile tutorial at:\\ + {\small \url{http://pysnippet.blogspot.com/2009/12/profiling-your-python-code.html} } + + \item run cprofile on your code:\\ + any surprises? +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap up} + +\vfill +{\Large I hope you have an idea how to profile and time your code.} +\vfill +{\Large Try it on a part of your project} +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}{Next Week:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE wxPython Desktop GUIs} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Project Time!} + +\vfill +\Large{Profile your project} + +\vfill +\Large{Performance tune part of it} + +\vfill +\Large{Get ready to present} + +\vfill +\Large{Anyone want a public code review?} + +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + + diff --git a/week-09/code/CalculatorDemo.py b/week-09/code/CalculatorDemo.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..0fb035f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/CalculatorDemo.py @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +wxPython Calculator Demo in 50 lines of code + +This demo was pulled from the wxPython Wiki: + +http://wiki.wxpython.org/CalculatorDemo +by Miki Tebeka + +It has been altered to allow it to be "driven" by an external script, +plus a little layout improvement + +See CalcualtorDemoDriver.py + +for an example +""" + + +# Calculator GUI: + +# ___________v +# [7][8][9][/] +# [4][5][6][*] +# [1][2][3][-] +# [0][.][C][+] +# [ = ] + +from __future__ import division # So that 8/3 will be 2.6666 and not 2 +import wx +from math import * # So we can evaluate "sqrt(8)" + + +class Calculator(wx.Panel): + '''Main calculator dialog''' + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) # Main vertical sizer + + self.display = wx.ComboBox(self, -1) # Current calculation + sizer.Add(self.display, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.BOTTOM, 8) # Add to main sizer + + # [7][8][9][/] + # [4][5][6][*] + # [1][2][3][-] + # [0][.][C][+] + gsizer = wx.GridSizer(4, 4, 8, 8) + for row in (("7", "8", "9", "/"), + ("4", "5", "6", "*"), + ("1", "2", "3", "-"), + ("0", ".", "C", "+")): + for label in row: + b = wx.Button(self, label=label, size=(40,-1)) + gsizer.Add(b) + b.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton) + sizer.Add(gsizer, 1, wx.EXPAND) + + # [ = ] + b = wx.Button(self, label="=") + b.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnButton) + sizer.Add(b, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 8) + self.equal = b + + # Set sizer and center + self.SetSizerAndFit(sizer) + + def OnButton(self, evt): + '''Handle button click event''' + + # Get title of clicked button + label = evt.GetEventObject().GetLabel() + + if label == "=": # Calculate + self.Calculate() + elif label == "C": # Clear + self.display.SetValue("") + + else: # Just add button text to current calculation + self.display.SetValue(self.display.GetValue() + label) + self.display.SetInsertionPointEnd() + self.equal.SetFocus() # Set the [=] button in focus + + def Calculate(self): + """ + do the calculation itself + + in a separate method, so it can be called outside of a button event handler + """ + try: + compute = self.display.GetValue() + # Ignore empty calculation + if not compute.strip(): + return + + # Calculate result + result = eval(compute) + + # Add to history + self.display.Insert(compute, 0) + + # Show result + self.display.SetValue(str(result)) + except Exception, e: + wx.LogError(str(e)) + return + + def ComputeExpression(self, expression): + """ + Compute the expression passed in. + + This can be called from another class, module, etc. + """ + print "ComputeExpression called with:", expression + self.display.SetValue(expression) + self.Calculate() + +class MainFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Calculator") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.calcPanel = Calculator(self) + + # put the panel on -- in a sizer to give it some space + S = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + S.Add(self.calcPanel, 1, wx.GROW|wx.ALL, 10) + self.SetSizerAndFit(S) + self.CenterOnScreen() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + # Run the application + app = wx.App(False) + frame = MainFrame(None) + frame.Show() + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/address_book/a_book.json b/week-09/code/address_book/a_book.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a58a0c --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/address_book/a_book.json @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +[ + { + "phone": "123-456-7890", + "first_name": "Chris", + "last_name": "Barker", + "email": "PythonCHB@gmail.com" + }, + { + "phone": "510-555-1234", + "first_name": "Fred", + "last_name": "Jones", + "email": "FredJones@some_company.com" + }, + { + "phone": "423-321-9876", + "first_name": "Nancy", + "last_name": "Wilson", + "email": "Wilson.Nancy@gmail.com" + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-09/code/address_book/a_book_complex.json b/week-09/code/address_book/a_book_complex.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5df5286 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/address_book/a_book_complex.json @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +[ + { + "first_name": "Chris", + "last_name": "Barker", + "office_phone": "123-456-7890", + "home_phone": "206-555-1234", + "address": { + "line_1": "835 NE 33rd St", + "city": "Seattle", + "state": "WA", + "line_2": "", + "zip": "96543" + }, + "cell_phone": "234-567-8901", + "email": "PythonCHB@gmail.com" + }, + { + "first_name": "Fred", + "last_name": "Jones", + "office_phone": "564-466-7990", + "home_phone": "510-555-1234", + "address": { + "line_1": "123 SE 13th St", + "city": "Tacoma", + "state": "WA", + "line_2": "Apt. 43", + "zip": "93465" + }, + "cell_phone": "403-561-8911", + "email": "FredJones@some_company.com" + }, + { + "first_name": "Nancy", + "last_name": "Wilson", + "office_phone": "123-765-9877", + "home_phone": "423-321-9876", + "address": { + "line_1": "8654 Walnut St", + "city": "Pasadena", + "state": "CA", + "line_2": "Suite 567", + "zip": "12345" + }, + "cell_phone": "432-567-8466", + "email": "Wilson.Nancy@gmail.com" + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_app.py b/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_app.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..1dacd5e --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal wxPython address book application + +This module defines the main Frame +""" + +import os + +import wx +from address_book_data import AddressBook +from entry_form import AddBookForm + +class AddBookFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, add_book, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Micro Address Book") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.add_book = add_book + self.current_index = 1 + + # put the Panel on the frame + self.entryPanel = AddBookForm(add_book.book[self.current_index], self) + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easily + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multiple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( + self, message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard="*.json", + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.add_book.save_to_file( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.add_book.close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + +class AddBookApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + a_book = AddressBook() + a_book.load_from_file() + + f = AddBookFrame(a_book, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + app = AddBookApp(False) + + + + ## set up the WIT -- to help debug sizers +# import wx.lib.inspection +# wx.lib.inspection.InspectionTool().Show() + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_data.py b/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_data.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..2892332 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/address_book/address_book_data.py @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +application logic code for ultra simple +address book app... +""" + +import json + +class AddressBook(object): + """ + very simple data model -- just a list of dicts + + each dict represents an entry in the address book + """ + def __init__(self): + self.book = [{},] + self.filename = "a_book.json" + + def save_to_file(self, filename=None): + if filename is not None : + self.filename = filename + json.dump(self.book, open(self.filename, 'wb'), indent=4 ) + + def load_from_file(self, filename=None): + if filename is not None : + self.filename = filename + self.book = json.load( open(self.filename, 'rb') ) + + def close(self): + """ + clear out the data... + leave it with one empty dict + """ + del self.book[:] + self.book.append({}) + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import pprint + a_book = AddressBook() + a_book.load_from_file() + + print "the data in the address book is:" + pprint.pprint(a_book.book) + diff --git a/week-09/code/address_book/entry_form.py b/week-09/code/address_book/entry_form.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..9d34ca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/address_book/entry_form.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +The basic from for the address book + +This gets a Panel to itself +""" + +import wx + +class AddBookForm(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, a_entry, *args, **kwargs): + """ + create a new AddBookForm + + :param a_entry: a dict for the address book entry + """ + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.a_entry = a_entry + + ## create text boxes to edit: first name, last name, phone, email. + self.fname_text = wx.TextCtrl(self) + self.lname_text = wx.TextCtrl(self) + self.phone_text = wx.TextCtrl(self) + self.email_text = wx.TextCtrl(self) + + ## use a FlexGridSizer: + S = wx.FlexGridSizer(rows=0, cols=2, vgap=8, hgap=8) + S.AddGrowableCol(idx=1, proportion=1) + + S.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="First Name:"), 0, + wx.ALIGN_RIGHT|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL) + S.Add(self.fname_text, flag=wx.EXPAND) + + S.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="Last Name:"), 0, + wx.ALIGN_RIGHT|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL) + S.Add(self.lname_text, flag=wx.EXPAND) + + S.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="Phone Number:"), 0, + wx.ALIGN_RIGHT|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL) + S.Add(self.phone_text, flag=wx.EXPAND) + + S.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="Email Address:"), 0, + wx.ALIGN_RIGHT|wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL) + S.Add(self.email_text, flag=wx.EXPAND) + + # Save and Cancel buttons + sav_but = wx.Button(self, label="Save") + sav_but.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onSave) + can_but = wx.Button(self, label="Cancel") + can_but.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onCancel) + + # a sizer for the buttons: + but_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) + but_sizer.Add((1,1), 1) #stretchable spave to shift buttons right + but_sizer.Add(can_but, 0, wx.ALL, 4) + but_sizer.Add(sav_but, 0, wx.ALL, 4) + + #Put the whole thing in another sizer to + # layout the buttons... + Outer_Sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + Outer_Sizer.Add(S, 0, wx.ALL|wx.EXPAND, 10) + Outer_Sizer.Add(but_sizer, 0, wx.EXPAND|wx.RIGHT, 10) + self.SetSizerAndFit(Outer_Sizer) + + self.load_data() + + def onSave(self, evt=None): + # save the data in the form + self.save_data() + + def onCancel(self, evt=None): + # restore the form + self.load_data() + + def load_data(self): + """ + load the data into the form from the data dict + """ + data = self.a_entry + self.fname_text.Value = data.setdefault( u'first_name', "" ) + self.lname_text.Value = data.setdefault( u'last_name', "" ) + self.phone_text.Value = data.setdefault( u'phone', "" ) + self.email_text.Value = data.setdefault( u'email', "" ) + + def save_data(self): + """ + save the data from the form from the data dict + """ + data = self.a_entry + data[u'first_name'] = self.fname_text.Value + data[u'last_name'] = self.lname_text.Value + data[u'phone'] = self.phone_text.Value + data[u'email'] = self.email_text.Value + + +# I like to have a little test app so it can be run on its own +if __name__ == "__main__": + + # a sample entry: + entry = {u'email': u'PythonCHB@gmail.com', + u'first_name': u'Chris', + u'last_name': u'Barker', + u'phone': u'123-456-7890'} + + app = wx.App(False) + f = wx.Frame(None) + p = AddBookForm(entry, f) + f.Show() + app.MainLoop() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_1.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_1.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..57cc337 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal farmework for a wxPython application. +""" + +import wx + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + f = TestFrame(None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_2.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_2.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..452a7af --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_2.py @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal farmework for a wxPython application + +This version adds a basic menu bar with a file menu +""" + +import wx + + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # Add a panel so it looks the correct on all platforms + self.panel = wx.Panel(self, wx.ID_ANY) + + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + print "open menu selected" + self.app_logic.file_open() + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.app_logic.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_3.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_3.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..d2e5018 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_3.py @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This version adds a basic menu bar with a file menu +""" + +import wx +import os + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that the dialog +# only shows the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # Add a panel so it looks the correct on all platforms + self.panel = wx.Panel(self, wx.ID_ANY) + + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + + newMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Save As...", "Create a new file") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onNew, newMenuItem ) + + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open an existing file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + def onNew ( self, evt=None ): + """This method creates a new file""" + + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'save' dialog. + # + # Unlike the 'open dialog' example found elsewhere, this example does NOT + # force the current working directory to change if the user chooses a different + # directory than the one initially set. + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, + message="Save file as ...", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.SAVE ) + + # This sets the default filter that the user will initially see. Otherwise, + # the first filter in the list will be used by default. + dlg.SetFilterIndex(2) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "In onNew, the path is %s" % path + # Normally, at this point you would save your data using the file and path + # data that the user provided to you, but since we didn't actually start + # with any data to work with, that would be difficult. + # + # The code to do so would be similar to this, assuming 'data' contains + # the data you want to save: + # + # fp = file(path, 'w') # Create file anew + # fp.write(data) + # fp.close() + # + # You might want to add some error checking :-) + # + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Note that the current working dir didn't change. This is good since + # that's the way we set it up. + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multitple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( self, + message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_4.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_4.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..ba9103b --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_4.py @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This version adds a single button +""" + +import wx +import os + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that the dialog +# only shows the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + + newMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Save As...", "Create a new file") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onNew, newMenuItem ) + + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open an existing file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + ## add just a single button: + self.theButton = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.onButton) + + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed the button!" + evt.Skip() + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + def onNew ( self, evt=None ): + """This method creates a new file""" + + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'save' dialog. + # + # Unlike the 'open dialog' example found elsewhere, this example does NOT + # force the current working directory to change if the user chooses a different + # directory than the one initially set. + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, + message="Save file as ...", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.SAVE ) + + # This sets the default filter that the user will initially see. Otherwise, + # the first filter in the list will be used by default. + dlg.SetFilterIndex(2) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "In onNew, the path is %s" % path + # Normally, at this point you would save your data using the file and path + # data that the user provided to you, but since we didn't actually start + # with any data to work with, that would be difficult. + # + # The code to do so would be similar to this, assuming 'data' contains + # the data you want to save: + # + # fp = file(path, 'w') # Create file anew + # fp.write(data) + # fp.close() + # + # You might want to add some error checking :-) + # + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Note that the current working dir didn't change. This is good since + # that's the way we set it up. + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multitple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( self, + message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_5.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_5.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..5e89496 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_5.py @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This version puts the button on a Panel, where it belongs. +""" + +import wx +import os + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that the dialog +# only shows the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class ButtonPanel(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + #self.SetBackgroundColour(wx.Colour('red')) + ## add just a single button: + self.theButton = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed the button!" + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # put the Panel on the frame + self.buttonPanel = ButtonPanel(self) + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + + newMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Save As...", "Create a new file") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onNew, newMenuItem ) + + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open an existing file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + ## add just a single button: + self.theButton = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed the button!" + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + def onNew ( self, evt=None ): + """This method creates a new file""" + + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'save' dialog. + # + # Unlike the 'open dialog' example found elsewhere, this example does NOT + # force the current working directory to change if the user chooses a different + # directory than the one initially set. + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, + message="Save file as ...", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.SAVE ) + + # This sets the default filter that the user will initially see. Otherwise, + # the first filter in the list will be used by default. + dlg.SetFilterIndex(2) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "In onNew, the path is %s" % path + # Normally, at this point you would save your data using the file and path + # data that the user provided to you, but since we didn't actually start + # with any data to work with, that would be difficult. + # + # The code to do so would be similar to this, assuming 'data' contains + # the data you want to save: + # + # fp = file(path, 'w') # Create file anew + # fp.write(data) + # fp.close() + # + # You might want to add some error checking :-) + # + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Note that the current working dir didn't change. This is good since + # that's the way we set it up. + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multitple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( self, + message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_6.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_6.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..0afc927 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_6.py @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This version adds a BoxSizer for laying out two buttons on the panel +""" + +import wx +import os + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that the dialog +# only shows the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#-------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class ButtonPanel(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + ## add two buttons: + theButton1 = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + theButton1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + ## add two buttons: + theButton2 = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me Also") + theButton2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + ## do the layout + ## (try uncommenting the other, and see what happens...) + #S = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + S = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) + + S.Add(theButton1, 1, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + S.Add(theButton2, 2, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + + self.SetSizerAndFit(S) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + but_label = evt.EventObject.Label + print "You pushed buttons:", but_label + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # put the Panel on the frame + self.buttonPanel = ButtonPanel(self) + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + + newMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Save As...", "Create a new file") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onNew, newMenuItem ) + + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open an existing file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + def onNew ( self, evt=None ): + """This method creates a new file""" + + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'save' dialog. + # + # Unlike the 'open dialog' example found elsewhere, this example does NOT + # force the current working directory to change if the user chooses a different + # directory than the one initially set. + dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, + message="Save file as ...", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.SAVE ) + + # This sets the default filter that the user will initially see. Otherwise, + # the first filter in the list will be used by default. + dlg.SetFilterIndex(2) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "In onNew, the path is %s" % path + # Normally, at this point you would save your data using the file and path + # data that the user provided to you, but since we didn't actually start + # with any data to work with, that would be difficult. + # + # The code to do so would be similar to this, assuming 'data' contains + # the data you want to save: + # + # fp = file(path, 'w') # Create file anew + # fp.write(data) + # fp.close() + # + # You might want to add some error checking :-) + # + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Note that the current working dir didn't change. This is good since + # that's the way we set it up. + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easilly + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multitple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( self, + message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + app = TestApp(False) + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_7.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_7.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..b2e583f --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_7.py @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This one adds another sizer to fix the layout -- and the WIT! +""" + + +import wx + +#--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that file dialogs +# only show the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class ButtonPanel(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + ## add a button: + theButton1 = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + theButton1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + ## add another button: + theButton2 = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me Also") + theButton2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + ## do the layout + buttonSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + + buttonSizer.Add(theButton1, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + buttonSizer.Add(theButton2, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + + ## need another sizer to get the horizonal placement right: + mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) + mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space + mainSizer.Add(buttonSizer, 0, wx.ALIGN_LEFT) # the sizer with the buttons in it + mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space + + self.SetSizer(mainSizer) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed one of the buttons!" + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # put the Panel on the frame + self.buttonPanel = ButtonPanel(self) + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easily + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multiple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( + self, message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.app_logic.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + app = TestApp(False) + ## set up the WIT -- to help debug sizers + import wx.lib.inspection + wx.lib.inspection.InspectionTool().Show() + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/code/basic_app_8.py b/week-09/code/basic_app_8.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..6cf43e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/code/basic_app_8.py @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example of the very basic, minimal framework for a wxPython application + +This adds a text box and reads the input from it, and writes it +to another text box +""" + + +import wx + +#--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# This is how you pre-establish a file filter so that file dialogs +# only show the extension(s) you want it to. +wildcard = "Python source (*.py)|*.py|" \ + "Compiled Python (*.pyc)|*.pyc|" \ + "SPAM files (*.spam)|*.spam|" \ + "Egg file (*.egg)|*.egg|" \ + "All files (*.*)|*.*" + +#--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class AppLogic(object): + """ + A class to hold the application Application Logic. + + You generally don't want the real logic of the app mixed + in with the GUI + + In a real app, this would be a substantial collection of + modules, classes, etc... + """ + def file_open(self, filename="default_name"): + """This method opens a file""" + print "Open a file: " + print "I'd be opening file: %s now"%filename + + def file_close(self): + """This method closes a file""" + print "Close a file: " + print "I'd be closing a file now" + + +class MainForm(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + ## add a button: + theButton1 = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + theButton1.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + ## add a static text lable: + label1 = wx.StaticText(self, label="Input Box:") + + ## add a text control: + self.inTextControl = wx.TextCtrl(self) + + ## add another button: + theButton2 = wx.Button(self, label="GetData") + theButton2.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onGetData) + + ## add a static text lable: + label2 = wx.StaticText(self, label="Output Box:") + ## and another text control: + self.outTextControl = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_READONLY) + + + ## do the layout + buttonSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + + buttonSizer.Add(theButton1, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + buttonSizer.Add(label1, 0, wx.ALIGN_LEFT | wx.TOP, 4) + buttonSizer.Add(self.inTextControl, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + buttonSizer.Add((150, 10)) + buttonSizer.Add(theButton2, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + buttonSizer.Add(label2, 0, wx.ALIGN_LEFT | wx.TOP, 4) + buttonSizer.Add(self.outTextControl, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + + ## need another sizer to get the horizonal placement right: + mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) + mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space + mainSizer.Add(buttonSizer, 0, wx.ALIGN_TOP) # the sizer with the buttons in it + mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space + + self.SetSizer(mainSizer) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed one of the buttons!" + + def onGetData(self, evt=None): + print "get data button pressed" + contents = self.inTextControl.Value + print "the contents are:", contents + + self.outTextControl.Value = self.inTextControl.Value + + +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, app_logic, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + self.app_logic = app_logic + + # put the Panel on the frame + self.buttonPanel = MainForm(self) + + # Build up the menu bar: + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + closeMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Close", "Close a file" ) + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onClose, closeMenuItem) + + exitMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT, "Exit", "Exit the application") + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onExit, exitMenuItem) + menuBar.Append(fileMenu, "&File") + + helpMenu = wx.Menu() + helpMenuItem = helpMenu.Append(wx.ID_HELP, "Help", "Get help") + menuBar.Append(helpMenu, "&Help") + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) + + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + """This method opens an existing file""" + print "Open a file: " + # Create the dialog. In this case the current directory is forced as the starting + # directory for the dialog, and no default file name is forced. This can easily + # be changed in your program. This is an 'open' dialog, and allows multiple + # file selections as well. + # + # Finally, if the directory is changed in the process of getting files, this + # dialog is set up to change the current working directory to the path chosen. + dlg = wx.FileDialog( + self, message="Choose a file", + defaultDir=os.getcwd(), + defaultFile="", + wildcard=wildcard, + style=wx.OPEN | wx.CHANGE_DIR + ) + + # Show the dialog and retrieve the user response. If it is the OK response, + # process the data. + if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK: + # This returns a Python list of files that were selected. + path = dlg.GetPath() + print "I'd be opening file in onOpen ", path + self.app_logic.file_open( path ) + else : + print "The file dialog was canceled before anything was selected" + + # Destroy the dialog. Don't do this until you are done with it! + # BAD things can happen otherwise! + dlg.Destroy() + + def onClose(self, evt=None): + print "close menu selected" + self.app_logic.file_close() + + def onExit(self, evt=None): + print "Exit the program here" + print "The event passed to onExit is type ", type(evt), + self.Close() + + +class TestApp(wx.App): + def OnInit(self): + """ + App initilization goes here -- not much to do, in this case + """ + app_logic = AppLogic() + f = TestFrame(app_logic, parent=None) + f.Show() + + return True + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + app = TestApp(False) + ## set up the WIT -- to help debug sizers +# import wx.lib.inspection +# wx.lib.inspection.InspectionTool().Show() + app.MainLoop() + diff --git a/week-09/presentation-week09.pdf b/week-09/presentation-week09.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16a454a Binary files /dev/null and b/week-09/presentation-week09.pdf differ diff --git a/week-09/presentation-week09.tex b/week-09/presentation-week09.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1affab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/week-09/presentation-week09.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@ +\documentclass{beamer} +%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +\usetheme{Warsaw} +\title[Python Certificate: System Development]{System Development with Python: Week 9} +\author{Christopher Barker} +\institute{UW Continuing Education} +\date{May 21, 2013} + +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{hyperref} + +\begin{document} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Table of Contents} +%\tableofcontents[currentsection] + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Side Note:} + +{\LARGE Python Module of the Week} + +\vfill +{\Large \url{http://pymotw.com/} } + +\vfill +{\Large Nice summaries and examples of standard library modules} + + +\end{frame} + + +\section{Introduction} + +% --------------------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Desktop GUIs: wxPython} + +{\Large Desktop GUIs} + +\vfill +{\large Traditional Graphical User Interface Applications} + +\vfill +{\large Run entirely on machine -- interactive, interface and logic code in one process} + +\vfill + +{\large Advantages:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Easier to write -- all in one program + \item Faster -- data/interface direct communication + \item Faster display: direct to screen (or even OpenGL, etc.) + \item Runs without network + \item Save/Manipulate local files + \item Familiar install/start/stop/run, etc. +\end{itemize} + + +\end{frame} + + + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Python Options} + +{\Large Multiple GUI frameworks available:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item PyGTK + \item PYQT / PySide + \item TkInter + \item wxPython + \item PyGame + \item Native GUIs: Cocoa (PyObject), PythonWin + \item Some more minor ones... +\end{itemize} + +\end{frame} + + +\section{wxPython} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wxPython} + +{\Large Why wxPython?} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Python wrapper around C++ toolkit (wxWidget) + \item wxWidgets is a wrapper around \emph{native} toolkit: + \begin{itemize} + \item Windows: Win32 (64) + \item OS-X: Cocoa + \item Linux: GTK + \end{itemize} + \item Native look and feel + \item License: (modified) LGPL +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\Large Legacy: it was the best option for me when I first needed something...}\\ +See http://www.wxpython.org for more information + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Installing} + +{\Large wxPython is a big complicated build:\\ + can't do \verb`pip` or \verb`easy_install`} + +\vfill +{\Large Windows or OS-X:\\ +use the binaries on \url{http://wxpython.org/download.php}} + +\vfill +{\Large Linux: use your system's package} + +{\large NOTE: there are some issues with some packages:} +\begin{itemize} + \item May be old version + \item May use standard wx build -- more crash prone!\\ + (some run-time checking turned off) +\end{itemize} + + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Versions} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Stable'' version: 2.8.12.1}\\ +{\large (``stable'' means stable API, not less likely to crash)} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Development'' version: 2.9.4.0}\\ +{\large (Under active development, API may change (but not much)} + +\vfill +{\Large wx project very slow to do official releases -- You probably want to use the development version: it's getting more attention} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Phoenix'': next generation version: new bindings, Py3 support, etc.}\\ +{\large -- Still experimental}\\ +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/ProjectPhoenix} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Documentation} + +\vfill +{\Large ``Docs and Demos'': download these!}\\ + +\vfill +{\Large ``wxPython Demo'' -- run this!}\\ +{\large Examples of every Widget available} + +\vfill +{\Large Primary wx docs:}\\ +{\large Written for C++, with Python notes...}\\ +\url{http://wxpython.org/onlinedocs.php}\\ +This may help: \url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/C%2B%2BGuideForwxPythoneers} + +\vfill +{\large Semi-experimental Sphinx docs:}\\ +\url{http://xoomer.virgilio.it/infinity77/wxPython/} + +\vfill +{\Large The wxPython wiki: lots of good stuff here} +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Some starting points} + + +\vfill +{\Large How to learn wxPython} +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/How%20to%20Learn%20wxPython} + +\vfill +{\Large wxPython Style Guide} +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/wxPython%20Style%20Guide} + +\vfill +{\Large The wxpython-users mailing list is a great resource (and great community):}\\ +\url{https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/wxpython-users} + +\vfill +{\large My own repository of samples:} +\url{https://github.com/PythonCHB/wxPythonDemos} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Pythonic code:} + + +\vfill +{\Large Over the years, wxPython has grown a number of things to make it more ``pythonic'' -- hide some of that C++ legacy} + +\vfill +{\Large Properties:} + +{\large The C++ classes are full of getters and setters:} +\begin{verbatim} +wxTextCtrl::GetValue +wxTextCtrl::GetValue +\end{verbatim} + +{\large These methods have been translated into properties for Python} +\begin{verbatim} +MyTextCtrl.Value = some_string +another_string = wxTextCtrl.Value +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +(The Get/Set versions are still there, but it's klunkier code) +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Pythonic code:} + + +\vfill +{\Large Other Python options: some specific wx types can be accessed with standard python types:} + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wxPoint` --- \verb`(x,y)` ( tuple ) } + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wx.List` --- \verb`[1,2,3]` (python list) } + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wxSize` --- \verb`(w,h)` (tuple) } + +\vfill +{\large ....... } + + +\vfill +{\Large Using these makes your code cleaner and more pythonic} + +\end{frame} + +\section{Basic Structure} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Event-Driven programming} + +\vfill +{\large On app startup, the .MainLoop() method is called.} + +\vfill +{\large The mainloop takes control -- monitoring for events, then dispatching them} + +\vfill +{\large Events can come from the system, or user interaction: keyboard, mouse, etc.} + +\vfill +{\large All the work of your app is done in response to events} + +\vfill +{\large You only need to response to (Bind) the events you care about} + +\vfill +{\large Not so different than a web app, except events are finer-grained}\\ +(every mouse move, etc.) + + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Window} + +\vfill +{\Large Pretty much everything you see on the screen is a \verb`wx.Window`} + +\vfill +{\Large It is the superclass for all the ``widgets'', ``controls'', or whatever you want to call them} + +\vfill +{\Large It is essentially a rectangle on the screen that catches events} + +\vfill +{\Large You generally don't use it by iteself, though you may derive from it to make a new widget} + +\vfill +{\large(Historical Note: wxWidgets was called wxWindows -- until Microsoft threatened to sue them.)} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Window} + +\vfill +{\Large Since everything is a \verb`wx.Window`, it's good to know it's methods and signature:} +\begin{verbatim} +def __init__(parent, + id=-1, + pos=wx.DefaultPosition, + size=wx.DefaultSize, + style=0, + name=wx.PanelNameStr) +parent (wx.Window) +id (int) +pos (wx.Point) +size (wx.Size) +style (long) +name (string) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\url{http://xoomer.virgilio.it/infinity77/wxPython/Widgets/wx.Window.html} + +\end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Window} + +\vfill +{\Large Methods types:} +\begin{itemize} + \item Appearance: Colors, Fonts, Labels, Styles + \item Geometry: Size, Position, IsShown, Move, etc + \item Layout: Sizers, etc. + \item Many others! +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +\url{http://xoomer.virgilio.it/infinity77/wxPython/Widgets/wx.Window.html} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Event-Driven programming} + +\vfill +{\Large On app startup, the .MainLoop() method is called.} + +\vfill +{\Large The mainloop takes control -- monitoring for events, then dispatching them} + +\vfill +{\Large Events can come from the system, or user interaction: keyboard, mouse, etc.} + +\vfill +{\Large All the work of your app is done in response to events} + +\vfill +{\Large You only need to response to (Bind) the events you care about} + +\vfill +{\Large Not so different than a web app, except events are finer-grained}\\ +(every mouse move, etc.) + + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.App} + +\vfill +{\Large Every wx app has a single wx.App instance:} + +\begin{verbatim} +app = wx.App(False) +frame = DemoFrame(None, title="Micro App") +frame.Show() +app.MainLoop() +\end{verbatim} + +(the \verb`False` means: ``don't re-direct stdout to a Window'') + +And you almost always start the `MainLoop` + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Frame} + +\vfill +{\Large \verb`wx.Frame` is a ``top level'' Window: One with a title bar, min-max buttons,etc.} + +\vfill +{\Large Most apps have a single \verb`wx.Frame` -- central interaction with the app.} + +\vfill +{\Large This is where menu bars, etc are placed, and often the core GUI logic of app.} + + +\begin{verbatim} +class TestFrame(wx.Frame): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs.setdefault('title', "Simple test App") + wx.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) +\end{verbatim} + + +\vfill +demo: \verb`code\basic_app_1.py` + +\end{frame} + +\section{controls} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Menus} + +\vfill +{\Large A \verb`wx.Frame` has a menu bar you can add items to:} + +\begin{verbatim} + # create the menu bar object + menuBar = wx.MenuBar() + + # add a menu to it + fileMenu = wx.Menu() + + # add an item to the menu + openMenuItem = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_ANY, "&Open", "Open a file" ) + #bind a handler to the menu event + self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.onOpen, openMenuItem) + + self.SetMenuBar(menuBar) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +demo: \verb`code\basic_app_2.py` + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Event Handlers} + +\vfill +{\Large Event handlers have a common signature:} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} + def onOpen(self, evt=None): + print "open menu selected" + self.app_logic.file_open() +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +{\large The second parameter is the \verb`wx.Event` object that initiated the call -- it holds information about the event that can be useful} + +\vfill +{\large I like to give the event parameter a default None, so the handler can be called from other parts of the code as well.} + +\vfill +demo: \verb`code\basic_app_2.py` + +\end{frame} + + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Common Dialogs} + +\vfill +{\Large wxPython provides a number of common Dialogs. These wrap the native ones where possible for a native look and feel.} + +\begin{itemize} + \item \verb`wx.MessageDialog` + \item \verb`wx.ColourDialog` + \item \verb`wx.FileDialog` + \item \verb`wx.PageSetupDialog` + \item \verb`wx.FontDialog` + \item \verb`wx.DirDialog` + \item \verb`wx.SingleChoiceDialog` + \item \verb`wx.TextEntryDialog` + \item ... +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\Large These do pretty much what you'd expect...} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.FileDialog} + +\vfill +{\Large Example use of a common dialog: \verb`wx.FileDialog`}\\ + +\begin{verbatim} +some code here +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +example: \verb`code/basic_app_3.py` +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Basic Widgets} + +\vfill +{\Large All the basic widgets (controls) you'd expect are there:} + +\begin{itemize} + \item Buttons + \item TextCtrl (Text Control) + \item Check Boxes + \item List Box + \item Combo Box + \item Slider + \item Spin Control + \item .... +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\Large Way too many to list here!} + +\vfill +{\Large See the docs and the Demo to find the one you need} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Using a Control} + +{\Large A Button about as simple as it gets} + +\vfill +{\verb`__init__(parent, id=-1, label="", pos=wx.DefaultPosition, ...)` } + +\vfill +{\Large Mostly the same as wx.Window, and other controls....} + +\begin{verbatim} +## add just a single button: +self.theButton = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") +self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + +## and give it an event handler +def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed the button!" +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +code: \verb`code\basic_app_4.py` +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Panel} + +{\Large A \verb`wx.Panel` is a \verb`wx.Window` that you can put other controls on} + +\vfill +{\Large It supplies nifty things like tab traversal, etc.} + +\vfill +{\Large You \emph{can} put controls right on a \verb`wx.Frame` (we just did it), but a wx.Panel provided extra features, the ``normal'' look, and helps you organize and re-use your code} + +\vfill +{\Large Mostly the same as wx.Window, and other controls....} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{wx.Panel} + +\begin{verbatim} +class ButtonPanel(wx.Panel): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + wx.Panel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) + + ## add just a single button: + self.theButton = wx.Button(self, label="Push Me") + self.theButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onButton) + + def onButton(self, evt=None): + print "You pushed the button!" +\end{verbatim} +And use it in the Frame: +\begin{verbatim} + # put the Panel on the frame + self.buttonPanel = ButtonPanel(self) +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +code: \verb`code\basic_app_5.py` +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Control Layout} + +{\Large With more than one control, you need to figure out how to place them +and how big to make them} + +\vfill +{\Large You may have noticed that \verb`wx.Window` takes \verb`pos` and \verb`size` parameters} + +\vfill +{\Large You may have also noticed that I didn't use them.} + +\vfill +{\Large Why not?} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Absolute Positioning} + +{\LARGE Absolute positioning:} + +\vfill +{\Large Specifying the size and location of controls with pixel coordinates.} + +\vfill +{\Large This is a serious pain to do!} + +\vfill +{\Large Though it can be made a lot easier with GUI-building tools...} + +\vfill +{\Large So why not?} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Absolute Positioning} + +{\Large When you add or remove a control, the layout changes:}\\ +{\large -- recalculate all positions and sizes} + +\vfill +{\Large When you change the text on a control the layout changes:}\\ +{\large -- recalculate all positions and sizes} + +\vfill +{\Large When you try it on another platform the layout changes:}\\ +{\large -- recalculate all positions and sizes} + +\vfill +{\Large When the user changes default font size, the layout changes:}\\ +{\large -- recalculate all positions and sizes} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Sizers:} + +{\Large The alternative is ``Sizers''} + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wx.Sizer` is wx's system for automatically determining the size and location of controls} + +\vfill +{\large Instead of thinking in terms of what size and position a given control should be, you think in terms of how they relate to each other:} + +\vfill +{\large \emph{``I want a column of buttons all the same size along the left edge of the Panel''} } + +\vfill +{\large Sizers capture that logic and compute the sizes for you} + +\vfill +{\large They will re-size things for you when anything changes -- adding, removing, changing labels, re-sing the Window, etc...} + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Sizers:} + +{\Large Sizers take a while to wrap your brain around...} + +\vfill +{\large but it's worth the learning curve.} + + +\vfill +{\large nice discussion here:\\ +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/UsingSizers} } + +\vfill +{I have the graphic posted on the wall by my desk...} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Sizer Example} + +{\Large The Basic \verb`BoxSizer`}\\ +{\large -- Lays out a row or column of controls...} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +Sizer.Add( window, proportion, flag, border ) + ## do the layout + S = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + + S.Add(theButton1, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + S.Add(theButton2, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + + self.SetSizerAndFit(S) +\end{verbatim} +\vfill +code: \verb`code\basic_app_6.py` +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Nested Sizers} + +{\Large How do I get them centered both ways?}\\ +{\large -- Nest a vertical inside a horizonal}\\ +{\large -- And add stretchable spacers...} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} +buttonSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) + +buttonSizer.Add(theButton1, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) +buttonSizer.Add(theButton2, 0, wx.GROW | wx.ALL, 4) + +mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) +mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space +mainSizer.Add(buttonSizer, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER) # the sizer with the buttons in it +mainSizer.Add((1,1), 1) # stretchable space +\end{verbatim} +\vfill +code: \verb`code\basic_app_7.py` +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Widget Inspection Tool} + +{\Large How do I keep all this straight?}\\ + +\vfill +{\large The Widget Ispection Tool (WIT) is very handy:} + +\vfill +\begin{verbatim} + app = TestApp(False) + ## set up the WIT -- to help debug sizers + import wx.lib.inspection + wx.lib.inspection.InspectionTool().Show() + app.MainLoop() +\end{verbatim} + +(you can also bring it up from a menu event, or...) + +\vfill +code: \verb`code\basic_app_7.py` + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Other Sizers} + +{\Large Sizers for laying out stuff in grids...}\\ + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wx.GridSizer`} + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wx.FlexGridSizer`} + +\vfill +{\large \verb`wx.GridBagSizer`} + +\vfill +(you can do it all with a GridBagSizer) + +\vfill +See the docs for info. + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Hierarchies...} + +{\Large wxPython has multiple independent hierarchies ...}\\ + +\vfill +{\large The nested parent-child relationship:} +\begin{itemize} + \item every \verb`wx.Window` has a parent + \item every \verb`wx.Window` has zero or more children +\end{itemize} + +{\large The class Hierarchy} +\begin{itemize} + \item super-sub classes of \verb`wx.Window` + \item classes with instances as attributes +\end{itemize} + +{\large The Layout Hierarchy} +\begin{itemize} + \item Sizers within Sizers... + \item Arbitrarily deep. +\end{itemize} + +\vfill +{\large Each of these takes care of different concerns:\\ + confusing but powerful} +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Accessing inputs} + +{\Large Much of the point of a GUI is to collect data from the user.} + +\vfill +{\large So you need to be able to access what s/he has input} + +\begin{verbatim} + ## add a text control: + self.textControl = wx.TextCtrl(self) + + def onGetData(self, evt=None): + print "get data button pressed" + contents = self.textControl.Value + print "the contents are:", contents +\end{verbatim} + +{\large Most controls have a \verb`.Value` property} + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Setting Values} + +{\Large You also want to display data...} + +\vfill +{\large So you need to be able to set the values, too:} + +\begin{verbatim} + ## and another text control: + self.outTextControl = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_READONLY) + + def onGetData(self, evt=None): + self.outTextControl.Value = self.inTextControl.Value + +\end{verbatim} + +{\large You can set the \verb`.Value` property too...} + +\vfill +example: \verb`code\basic_app8.py` + +\end{frame} + + +%--------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Code-generated GUIs...} + +\vfill +{\large You shouldn't write the same repetitive code for a GUI..} + +\vfill +{\large Or even need to build a GUI to match data at run time.} + +\vfill +{\large Lots of ways to do that with wxPython -- Sizers help a lot.} + +\vfill +{\large Try to do it whenever you find yourself writing repetitive code...} + +\vfill +{\large The key is how to do the event Binding} +\begin{verbatim} + def OnButton(self, evt): + label = evt.GetEventObject().GetLabel() + + do_somethign_with_label(label) +\end{verbatim} +\vfill +example: \verb`code/CalculatorDemo.py` +\end{frame} + +%--------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Code-generated GUIs...} + +\vfill +{\Large The ``lambda trick''} + +\vfill +{\large -- a way to pass custom data to an event handler:} + +\vfill +{\large The key is how to do the event Binding} +\begin{verbatim} +for name in ["first", "second", "third"]: + btn = wx.Button(self, label=name) + btn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, + lambda evt, n=name: self.OnButton(evt, n) ) +.... +def OnButton(self, Event, name): + print "In OnButton:", name + +\end{verbatim} + +\vfill +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/Passing%20Arguments%20to%20Callbacks} +\end{frame} + + +\section{Miscellaneous} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Long Running Tasks} + +\vfill +{\Large The UI is locked up while an event is being handled} + +\vfill +{\Large So you want all event handlers to run fast.} + +\vfill +{\Large But what if there is significant work to do?} + +\vfill +{\Large Enter: threading and multi-processing} + +\vfill +{\Large But: wxPython is not thread-safe: almost all wx methods must be called from within the same thread.} + +\vfill +{\Large Thread-safe operations: Creating and Posting Events} + + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{CallAfter} + +\vfill +{\Large Easiest way to communicate with threads:\\ + \verb`wx.CallAfter`} + +\vfill +{\Large Puts an event on the event stack, calls the designated function or method when the stack is cleared:} + +\begin{verbatim} +wx.CallAfter(function_to_call, *args, **kwargs) + +# *args, **kwargs are passed on to FunctionToCall +\end{verbatim} + +{\large (see also: \verb`wx.CallLater()`) } + +\vfill +\url{http://wiki.wxpython.org/LongRunningTasks} + +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{BILS} + +\vfill +{\Large {\bf B}rowser {\bf I}nterface, {\bf L}ocal {\bf S}erver} +\vfill + +\vfill +{\Large Web app: Server runs on local machine} +\vfill + +\vfill +{\Large Browser is the interface -- but all running local} + +\vfill +{\Large Can wrap the Browser window in a desktop app: Chrome Embedded Framework, wxWebkit, etc.} + +\vfill +{\Large Good way to get both a web app and desktop app with one codebase} + +\vfill +{\Large Example: Cameo Chemicals} + +\vfill +(PyCon 2009: Browser Interface, Local Server Application) +\end{frame} + + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{LAB} + +\vfill +{\Large Make a very simple address book app:} + +\begin{enumerate} + \item Really basic data model is in \verb`address_book_data.py` + \item Make a form to edit an entry -- subclass a \verb`wx.Panel` (\verb`a_book_form.py`) + \item Put the form in a \verb`wx.Frame` -- the frame should have a way to switch between entries + \item Add file--save and file--open menus to the frame + \item Add some validation, better layout, etc.... +\end{enumerate} + +\vfill +\verb`code\address_book\` + +\end{frame} + + +% %------------------------------- +% \begin{frame}[fragile]{Wrap up} + +% \vfill +% {\Large } +% \vfill + +% \end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}{Next Week:} + +\vfill +{\LARGE Student Project Presentations} + +\vfill + +\end{frame} + +%------------------------------- +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Project Time!} + +\vfill +\Large{Final wrap up} + +\vfill +\Large{Put it together} + +\vfill +\Large{Get ready to present} + +\vfill +\Large{Presentation: focus on code!} + +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + + diff --git a/week_7_quiz_question_3_answer.py b/week_7_quiz_question_3_answer.py deleted file mode 100644 index 8533eb3..0000000 --- a/week_7_quiz_question_3_answer.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -#! /usr/bin/env python -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# THe answer to the third question of the week 7 quiz: Create a class that has -# a __str__ function.  Test it by making an instance of the class and then use -# the print statement to print the instance. - - -class C(object): - def __init__(self, a, b=3): - self.a = a - self.b = b - self.c = 16 - - def __str__( self ) : - return "a is "+str(self.a)+" b is "+str(self.b)+" c is "+str(self.c) - -j = C(2.5, "Baked beans") -k = C((2+3.4j)) -print "j is {",j,"}" -print "k is {",k,"}" -print repr(j) -print repr(k) -