From 4e78afc968661e36891681b853b677444386fd20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yam Mesicka Date: Sat, 9 May 2020 22:09:18 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 01/47] Add week5 notebooks --- week5/1_Modules.ipynb | 868 + week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb | 1526 + week5/3_Generators.ipynb | 1277 + week5/Summary.ipynb | 263 + week5/images/deeper.svg | 1 + week5/images/deeper2.svg | 1 + week5/images/exercise.svg | 48 + week5/images/logo.jpg | Bin 0 -> 68525 bytes week5/images/recall.svg | 1 + week5/images/silly_generator1.png | Bin 0 -> 14751 bytes week5/images/tip.png | Bin 0 -> 355477 bytes week5/images/warning.png | Bin 0 -> 57872 bytes week5/resources/logo.jpg | Bin 0 -> 68525 bytes week5/resources/potter.zip | Bin 0 -> 1085400 bytes week5/resources/pride-and-prejudice.txt | 14594 +++++ week5/resources/war-and-peace.txt | 66055 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 16 files changed, 84634 insertions(+) create mode 100644 week5/1_Modules.ipynb create mode 100644 week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb create mode 100644 week5/3_Generators.ipynb create mode 100644 week5/Summary.ipynb create mode 100644 week5/images/deeper.svg create mode 100644 week5/images/deeper2.svg create mode 100644 week5/images/exercise.svg create mode 100644 week5/images/logo.jpg create mode 100644 week5/images/recall.svg create mode 100644 week5/images/silly_generator1.png create mode 100644 week5/images/tip.png create mode 100644 week5/images/warning.png create mode 100644 week5/resources/logo.jpg create mode 100644 week5/resources/potter.zip create mode 100644 week5/resources/pride-and-prejudice.txt create mode 100644 week5/resources/war-and-peace.txt diff --git a/week5/1_Modules.ipynb b/week5/1_Modules.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0896d4d --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/1_Modules.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,868 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "\"לוגו" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# מודולים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הקדמה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מתכנתים העוסקים בקביעות במלאכתם, יזכו לעיתים תכופות להיתקל באתגרים בתחומים שונים.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " דוגמה טובה לאתגר נפוץ שכזה היא יצירת מידע אקראי:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " דוגמה טובה נוספת היא עבודה עם תאריכים:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פתירת האתגרים הללו עשויה להיות משימה מורכבת, ולטמון בחובה בעיות ומקרי קצה רבים.
\n", + " תארו לעצמכם כמה זמן היה נחסך לו היה מישהו פותר את הבעיות הנפוצות הללו עבור כל המתכנתים!
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הגדרה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כרעיון, מודול הוא פיסת תוכנה עצמאית המשרתת מטרה מוגדרת.
\n", + " המטרה יכולה להיות, לדוגמה, טיפול בתאריכים, יצירת נתונים אקראיים או תקשורת עם אתרי אינטרנט.
\n", + " בפייתון, מודול הוא קובץ המאגד הגדרות ופקודות, שיחדיו יוצרות אוסף כלים בתחום מסוים.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## שימוש" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### יבוא" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ניקח כדוגמה את המודול random, שמטרתו לעזור לנו ליצור מידע אקראי.
\n", + " לפני שנוכל להשתמש ביכולותיו של המודול, נצטרך לבקש מפייתון לטעון אותו בעזרת מילת המפתח import:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import random" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פעולה זו טוענת את המודול ומאפשרת לנו להשתמש בו בהמשך הקוד. נהוג להגיד שייבאנו את המודול random.
\n", + " עכשיו, כשהמודול יובא, אפשר להשתמש בו בקוד התוכנית שלנו באופן שיענה על הצורך ליצירת דברים אקראיים.
\n", + " כדי להבין איך להשתמש במודול ומהן יכולותיו, נוכל לקרוא מידע נוסף על אודותיו במגוון דרכים:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. בעזרת התיעוד באתר פייתון, שאליו אפשר להגיע אם כותבים python documentation random במנועי חיפוש.
    2. \n", + "
  2. בעזרת הפונקציה dir – נוכל לכתוב dir(random).
    3. \n", + "
  3. בג'ופיטר, אם נכתוב בתא קוד random. ונלחץ Tab ↹.
    4. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### דוגמאות לשימוש" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " במשחק הפוקימון \"פוקימון אדום\" אפשר לבחור בתור הפוקימון ההתחלתי את בלבזאור, את סקווירטל או את צ'רמנדר.
\n", + " על הפוקימון הטוב ביותר לבחירה ניטשים ויכוחים רבים עוד מאז שחרורו של המשחק ב־1996.
\n", + " כדי לא להיקלע לעין הסערה, נבנה תוכנה שתבחר את הפוקימון עבורנו באופן אקראי.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " התיעוד של המודול random, כולל פונקציה בשם choice, שבאמצעותה נוכל לבחור איבר אקראי מתוך iterable.
\n", + " השימוש בתיעוד מומלץ במיוחד בהקשרי מודולים, שכן ההסברים שם בהירים, ופעמים רבות מובאות שם דוגמאות לשימוש בפונקציות של המודול.
\n", + " נייבא את random ואז נשתמש ב־choice:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import random\n", + "\n", + "pokemons = ['Bulbasaur', 'Squirtle', 'Charmander']\n", + "starter_pokemon = random.choice(pokemons)\n", + "print(starter_pokemon)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " לא היינו יכולים להשתמש ב־random.choice לולא היינו מייבאים את random.
\n", + " מרגע שייבאנו את המודול – נוכל להשתמש בו לאורך כל הקוד.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " השתמשו בפונקציה הנמצאת במודול random כדי לדמות הטלת קובייה בעלת 20 פאות (D20).
\n", + " הגרילו מספר בין 1 ל־20, הפעם בעזרת פונקציה שהיא לא choice.
\n", + " השתמשו במקורות המידע שצוינו כדי למצוא את הפונקציה המתאימה למשימה.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### יתרונות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אלו, בין היתר, היתרונות של שימוש במודולים הקיימים בפייתון:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. \n", + " פישוט: מודול לרוב יפתור לנו בעיה אחת, קטנה ומוגדרת היטב.\n", + "
    2. \n", + "
  2. \n", + " הפרדה: המודול מופרד מהקוד שלנו, ישאיר את הקוד שלנו נקי ויעזור לנו להתמקד בבעיה שאנחנו מעוניינים לפתור. \n", + "
    3. \n", + "
  3. \n", + " מִחזוּר: מודול מאפשר לנו להשתמש בקוד שכתבנו בפרויקטים רבים, מבלי לכתוב את הקוד מחדש בכל פרויקט. \n", + "
    4. \n", + "
  4. \n", + " רמת גימור: המודולים הרשמיים של פייתון מתוחזקים ברמה גבוהה, יש בהם מעט באגים והם מכסים מקרי קצה רבים. \n", + "
    5. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " רוב התוכנות שבהן אתם משתמשים נעזרות במספר לא מועט של מודולים.
\n", + " כרגע נתמקד בשימוש במודולים שמגיעים עם פייתון, אך בעתיד נשתמש במודולים שיצרו מתכנתים אחרים, ואף ניצור מודולים בעצמנו.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### תרגיל ביניים: יצירת סיסמה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " איש דג החרב מגדיר \"מחולל סיסמאות חזקות\" כך:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. בקריאה לפונקציית המחולל, המחולל יחזיר סיסמה חזקה.
    2. \n", + "
  2. אורכה של סיסמה חזקה הוא בין 12 ל־20 תווים.
    3. \n", + "
  3. לפחות בחלק מהסיסמאות שמייצר המחולל יהיו גם אותיות גדולות, גם אותיות קטנות וגם מספרים.
    4. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו מחולל סיסמאות חזקות.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " על אף שזהו תרגיל נחמד, לעולם לא נשתמש ב־random לצורכי אבטחת מידע.
\n", + " להרחבה, קראו על יתרונותיו של המודול secrets.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### יבוא מתוך מודול" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " עצרת של המספר $n$ (המסומנת כ־$n!$) היא מכפלת כל המספרים השלמים החיוביים עד $n$, כולל.
\n", + " נחשב את העצרת של 6 באמצעות המודול math:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import math\n", + "print(math.factorial(6)) # 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " במקרה שהצגנו, אין לנו באמת צורך בכל הפונקציות הנמצאות במודול math, אלא רק בפונקציה factorial.
\n", + " תעלול נחמד שאפשר לעשות הוא לייבא רק את factorial באמצעות מילת המפתח from:
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from math import factorial\n", + "print(factorial(6))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כדאי לשים לב שלאחר שייבאנו בעזרת from נשתמש ישירות ב־factorial, מבלי להזכיר את השייכות שלה למודול math.
\n", + " אפשר גם לייבא יותר משם אחד מאותו מודול, במכה אחת:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from math import cos, pi\n", + "print(cos(pi))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " באופן כללי, העדיפו לייבא את המודול כולו ולא חלקים מתוכו.
\n", + " זה יעזור לכם להימנע מיצירת מקרים מבלבלים כמו זה:
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from math import e\n", + "\n", + "# (דמיינו הרבה קוד כאן)\n", + "print(e) # ?לרוב הוא שם משתנה שתוכנו שגיאה, האם זה המקרה גם פה e ?מאיפה זה הגיע" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אם ממשיכים בכיוון, פייתון מאפשרת לנו לעשות את הדבר המזעזע הבא:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from math import *" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " יבוא בעזרת כוכבית יגרום לכך שכל מה שמוגדר במודול \"יישפך\" לתוך התוכנית שלנו.
\n", + " זה יאפשר לנו להשתמש בכל התוכן של math בלי להזכיר את שם המודול:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(f\"floor(5.5) --> {floor(5.5)}\")\n", + "print(f\"ceil(5.5) --> {ceil(5.5)}\")\n", + "print(f\"pow(9, 2) --> {pow(9, 2)}\")\n", + "print(f\"e --> {e}\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פרקטיקה זו נחשבת מאוד לא מנומסת, ואתם מתבקשים לא להשתמש בה, אלא אם כן אלו ההוראות הכתובות בתיעוד של המודול.
\n", + " ישנן לא מעט סיבות הגיוניות מאחורי איסור זה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • זה מקשה על מתכנת שקורא את הקוד להבין איפה הוגדרו ceil, floor, e ו־pow.
    • \n", + "
  • אנחנו \"מזהמים\" את הסביבה שלנו בהגדרות רבות שלעולם לא נשתמש בהן.
    • \n", + "
  • חלק מהכלים שבהם תשתמשו בעתיד לא ידעו לזהות את השמות הללו, כיוון שלא ייבאתם אותם מפורשות.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### שינוי שם ביבוא" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " המודול turtle הוא דרך פופולרית ללמד ילדים תכנות באמצעים גרפיים.
\n", + " תכנות ב־turtle הוא מעין משחק: ישנו צב שהולך במרחב, ומשאיר צבע בכל מקום שאליו הוא מגיע.
\n", + " אפשר להורות לצב בכמה מעלות להסתובב לכל כיוון, ולאיזה מרחק ללכת בכיוון שאליו הוא מופנה.
\n", + " כך, בסוף מסלול הטיול של הצב, מתקבל ציור מלא חן.
\n", + " הרעיון נוצר כחלק משפת התכנות Logo בשנת 1967.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נראה דוגמה לתוצר של ריצת תוכנית שכזו, שבה אנחנו משרטטים 100 ריבועים בהיסט של מעלה אחת בכל פעם.
\n", + " אנחנו ממליצים לשחק עם המודול קצת (זה כיף!) ולראות אם אתם מצליחים לצייר כוכב, לדוגמה :)\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "scrolled": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import turtle\n", + "\n", + "turtle.speed(10)\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(400):\n", + " turtle.forward(50 + i)\n", + " turtle.right(91)\n", + "\n", + "turtle.done()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " הרצת קוד של turtle תפתח לכם חלון חדש בו יצויר פלט התוכנית.
\n", + " כדי להמשיך להריץ את התאים במחברת, סגרו את החלון.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כדי לשנות את השם שבו אנחנו מתייחסים למודול, ניעזר במילת המפתח as.
\n", + " לדוגמה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": { + "scrolled": true + }, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import turtle as kipik\n", + "\n", + "kipik.speed(100) # קיפיק מהיר הרבה יותר מצב רגיל\n", + "\n", + "for i in range(400):\n", + " kipik.forward(50 + i)\n", + " kipik.right(91)\n", + "\n", + "kipik.done()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כך אפשר לקצר את שם המודול שאנחנו מייבאים, ולהימנע מסרבול מיותר.
\n", + " למרות זאת, יבוא מודול תחת שם אחר נחשב פרקטיקה לא מנומסת, שעלולה לבלבל קוראים שבקיאים בשמות המודולים הקיימים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ישנם שני מקרים יוצאי דופן, שבהם השימוש ב־as נחשב רצוי:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  1. כאשר מבקשים מאיתנו להשתמש ב־as במסמכי התיעוד של המודול.
    2. \n", + "
  2. כאשר אנחנו רוצים להתנסות בדברים ולחסוך זמן, נקצר את השמות של המודולים, הפונקציות או הקבועים שאותם אנחנו מייבאים.
    3. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### נימוסים והליכות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לשימוש במודולים יש כללי סגנון שמוסכמים על רוב המתכנתים.
\n", + " הם מופיעים במסמך בשם PEP8, שמטרתו להגדיר איך נראה קוד פייתון המסוגנן כראוי.
\n", + " הנה כמה כללים שראוי שתעקבו אחריהם:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • יבוא המודולים תמיד יתבצע בראש הקוד, לפני כל דבר אחר.
    • \n", + "
  • כאשר מייבאים יותר ממודול אחד, סדר היבוא צריך להיות מילוני – לפי שם המודול שיובא.
    • \n", + "
  • טכנית, אפשר לייבא יותר ממודול אחד בשורה, אם נפריד את שמות המודולים בפסיק. מעשית זה לא מנומס.
    • \n", + "
  • כאשר משתמשים ב־from ליבוא של יותר משם אחד – השמות צריכים להיות מסודרים בסדר מילוני.
    • \n", + "
  • יש להימנע משימוש ביבוא בעזרת כוכבית.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### דוגמאות נוספות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מה התאריך היום?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import datetime\n", + "print(\"What is the time now?\")\n", + "print(datetime.datetime.now())" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נשתמש במודול calendar כדי להדפיס את לוח השנה של החודש הנוכחי:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "from calendar import prmonth as print_calendar # לא מנומס, אבל דוגמה טובה\n", + "import datetime\n", + "\n", + "current_date = datetime.datetime.now()\n", + "print_calendar(current_date.year, current_date.month)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## סיכום" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • מודולים הם חלקי תוכנה שמטרתם לפתור בעיה מעולם תוכן מסוים.
    • \n", + "
  • אפשר לייבא מודולים ולהשתמש במה שהם מציעים כדי להשיג את מטרותינו במהירות ובקלות.
    • \n", + "
  • המודולים שמגיעים עם פייתון מתוחזקים היטב, ויחסכו לנו באגים והתעסקות עם מקרי קצה.
    • \n", + "
  • לפני שניגש לפתור בעיה מורכבת, ננסה למצוא בתיעוד של פייתון פתרון בדמות מודול קיים.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## מונחים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
מודול
יחידה עצמאית של קוד המיועדת לטיפול במטרה מסוימת, ושקוד חיצוני יכול להשתמש בה.
בשפות תכנות אחרות מוכר גם כספרייה.
\n", + "
יבוא
הצהרה בעזרת import על כך שאנחנו הולכים להשתמש במודול מסוים בקוד שלנו.
\n", + "
PEP8
מסמך תקינה המתאר לפרטים מהי הדרך הנכונה לסגנן קוד פייתון.
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## תרגילים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בתרגילים הבאים השתמשו באינטרנט כדי למצוא מודולים ופונקציות שיסייעו לכם לפתור את התרגיל.
\n", + " נסו להימנע מחיפוש ומקריאה של פתרונות לתרגיל המסוים המופיע במחברת (כמו חיפושים הכוללים \"חפיסת קלפים\").\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### זו הדרך" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה שמקבלת נתיב לתיקייה, ומחזירה את רשימת כל הקבצים שמתחילים ברצף האותיות \"deep\" באותה תיקייה.
\n", + " בדקו שהפעלת הפונקציה על התיקייה images מחזירה שני קבצים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### משחק קלפים משונה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בחפיסת קלפים רגילה, שבה 52 קלפים, יש לכל קלף שתי תכונות:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. \n", + " ערך: מספר שבין 1 ל־13.\n", + "
    2. \n", + "
  2. \n", + " צורה: תלתן (Club), יהלום (Diamond), לב (Heart) או עלה (Spade). \n", + "
    3. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כל צירוף של ערך וצורה מופיע בחפיסה בדיוק פעם אחת.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. צרו חפיסת קלפים מלאה.
    2. \n", + "
  2. טרפו את הקלפים.
    3. \n", + "
  3. חלקו אותם בין 4 שחקנים.
    4. \n", + "
  4. הדפיסו לאיזה שחקן סכום הקלפים הגבוה ביותר.
    5. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### It's the final?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה שמקבלת תאריך עתידי בתצורה YYYY-MM-DD, ומדפיסה את מספר הימים שנשארו עד שנגיע לתאריך המיוחל.
\n", + " לדוגמה, אם התאריך היום הוא 2020-05-04 וקיבלנו כקלט 2020-05-25, הפונקציה תחזיר 21.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### אין לי וִנִגְרֶט" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו תוכנה שמקבלת כקלט מהמשתמש שני תאריכים בתצורה: YYYY-MM-DD.
\n", + " התוכנה תגריל תאריך חדש שנמצא בין שני התאריכים שהמשתמש הזין כקלט.
\n", + " לדוגמה, עבור הקלטים 1912-06-23 ו־1954-06-07, פלט אפשרי הוא 1939-09-03.
\n", + " כיוון שאני הולך למכולת רק בימי שני ואני צרכן כבד של רוטב ויניגרט, אם התאריך נופל על יום שני, הדפיסו: \"אין לי ויניגרט!\"
\n", + " רמז: קראו על EPOCH.\n", + "

" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb b/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf923e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1526 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "\"לוגו" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# פונקציות – חלק 2" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הקדמה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " עד כה למדנו להכיר את עולמן של הפונקציות מקרוב:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • פונקציות הן כלי שימושי שמאפשר לנו לחלק את הקוד לתתי־משימות מוגדרות, ולשמור עליו מסודר וקל לתחזוק.
    • \n", + "
  • לפונקציה יש \"קלט\" שהוא הפרמטרים שלה, ו\"פלט\" שהוא ערך ההחזרה שלה.
    • \n", + "
  • אפשר לקרוא לפונקציה בציון שמה, סוגריים, ורשימת הארגומנטים שרוצים להעביר לפרמטרים שלה.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " במחברת זו נרכוש כלים נוספים שיאפשרו לנו גמישות רבה יותר בהגדרת פונקציות ובשימוש בהן.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## שימוש מתקדם בפונקציות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### העברת ארגומנטים בעזרת שם" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כאשר אנחנו קוראים לפונקציה, יישלחו לפי הסדר הארגומנטים שנעביר אל הפרמטרים שמוגדרים בכותרת הפונקציה.
\n", + " מצב כזה נקרא positional arguments (\"ארגומנטים לפי מיקום\").
\n", + " נסתכל על פונקציה שמקבלת טווח (סוף והתחלה, בסדר הזה) ומחזירה רשימה של כל המספרים השלמים בטווח:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def my_range(end, start):\n", + " numbers = []\n", + " i = start\n", + " while i < end:\n", + " numbers.append(i)\n", + " i += 1\n", + " return numbers\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "my_range(5, 0)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לפעמים נרצה לשנות את סדר הארגומנטים שאנחנו שולחים לפונקציה.
\n", + " נעשה זאת בקריאה לפונקציה, על־ידי העברת שם הארגומנט ולאחר מכן העברת הערך שאנחנו רוצים להעביר אליו: \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "my_range(start=0, end=5)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בשורה הזו הפכנו את סדר הארגומנטים.
\n", + " כיוון שבקריאה כתבנו את שמות הפרמטרים התואמים לכותרת הפונקציה, הערכים נשלחו למקום הנכון.
\n", + " השיטה הזו נקראת keyword arguments (\"ארגומנטים לפי שם\"), ובה אנחנו מעבירים את הארגומנטים שלנו לפי שמות הפרמטרים בכותרת הפונקציה.
\n", + " אנחנו משתמשים בשיטה הזו אפילו כשאנחנו לא רוצים לשנות את סדר הארגומנטים, אלא רק לעשות קצת סדר בקוד.
\n", + " נבחן, לדוגמה, את המקרה של הפונקציה random.randrange – נעים יותר לראות קריאה לפונקציה עם שמות הפרמטרים:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "import random" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "random.randrange(100, 200) # מובן פחות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "random.randrange(start=100, stop=200) # מובן יותר" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " למרות השימוש בסימן =, לא מדובר פה בהשמה במובן הקלאסי שלה.
\n", + " זוהי צורת כתיבה מיוחדת בקריאה לפונקציות שהמטרה שלה היא לסמן \"העבר לפרמטר ששמו כך־וכך את הערך כך־וכך\".\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### פרמטרים עם ערכי ברירת מחדל" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נזכר בפונקציה get של מילון, שמאפשרת לקבל ממנו ערך לפי מפתח מסוים.
\n", + " אם המפתח שאנחנו מחפשים לא קיים במילון, הפונקציה מחזירה None:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "ghibli_release_dates = {\n", + " 'Castle in the Sky': '1986-08-02',\n", + " 'My Neighbor Totoro': '1988-04-16',\n", + " 'Spirited Away': '2001-07-20',\n", + " 'Ponyo': '2008-07-19',\n", + "}\n", + "\n", + "ponyo_release_date = ghibli_release_dates.get('Ponyo')\n", + "men_in_black_release_date = ghibli_release_dates.get('Men in Black')\n", + "print(f\"Ponyo release date: {ponyo_release_date}\")\n", + "print(f\"Men in Black release date: {men_in_black_release_date}\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נממש את הפונקציה get בעצמנו. לשם הנוחות, ייראה השימוש שונה במקצת:
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get(dictionary, key):\n", + " if key in dictionary:\n", + " return dictionary[key]\n", + " return None\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "ponyo_release_date = get(ghibli_release_dates, 'Ponyo')\n", + "men_in_black_release_date = get(ghibli_release_dates, 'Men in Black')\n", + "print(f\"Ponyo release date: {ponyo_release_date}\")\n", + "print(f\"Men in Black release date: {men_in_black_release_date}\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " המימוש שלנו לא מושלם. הפעולה המקורית, get על מילון, פועלת בצורה מתוחכמת יותר.
\n", + " אפשר להעביר לה פרמטר נוסף, שקובע מה יחזור אם המפתח שהעברנו בפרמטר הראשון לא נמצא במילון:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "ponyo_release_date = ghibli_release_dates.get('Ponyo', '???')\n", + "men_in_black_release_date = ghibli_release_dates.get('Men in Black', '???')\n", + "print(f\"Ponyo release date: {ponyo_release_date}\")\n", + "print(f\"Men in Black release date: {men_in_black_release_date}\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב להתנהגות המיוחדת של הפעולה get!
\n", + " אם המפתח שהעברנו בארגומנט הראשון לא קיים במילון, היא מחזירה את הערך שכתוב בארגומנט השני.
\n", + " אפשר להעביר לה ארגומנט אחד, ואפשר להעביר לה שני ארגומנטים. היא מתפקדת כראוי בשני המצבים.
\n", + " זו לא פעם ראשונה שאנחנו רואים פונקציות כאלו. למעשה, בשבוע שעבר למדנו על פעולות builtins רבות שמתנהגות כך:
\n", + " range, enumerate ו־round, כולן יודעות לקבל מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נניח לפעולה get בינתיים. אל דאגה, נחזור אליה בקרוב.
\n", + " בזמן שאנחנו נחים מפעולות על מילונים יום האהבה מתקרב, וחנות הוורדים הקרובה מעוניינת להעלות את מחירי כל מוצריה בשקל אחד.
\n", + " התבקשנו לבנות עבורם פונקציה שמקבלת רשימת מחירים, ומחזירה רשימה שבה כל איבר גדול ב־1 מרשימת המחירים המקורית.
\n", + " ניגש לעבודה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_new_prices(l):\n", + " l2 = []\n", + " for item in l:\n", + " l2.append(item + 1)\n", + " return l2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "prices = [42, 73, 300]\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בתוך זמן קצר הפונקציה שבנינו הופכת ללהיט היסטרי בחנויות הוורדים.
\n", + " מנהל קרטל הוורדים הבין־לאומי ג'וזפה ורדי יוצר איתנו קשר, ומבקש לשכלל התוכנה כך שיוכל להעלות את מחירי המוצרים כרצונו.
\n", + " כדי לעמוד בדרישה, נבנה פונקציה שמקבלת רשימה, ובנוסף אליה את המחיר שיתווסף לכל איבר ברשימה זו.
\n", + " כך, אם הקורא לפונקציה יעביר כארגומנט השני את הערך 2, כל איבר ברשימה יגדל ב־2.
\n", + " נממש בקלילות:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_new_prices(l, increment_by):\n", + " l2 = []\n", + " for item in l:\n", + " l2.append(item + increment_by)\n", + " return l2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "prices = [42, 73, 300]\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 1))\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 2))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ורדי פוצח בשירה מרוב אושר, ומבקש שכלול אחרון לפונקציה, אם אפשר.
\n", + " אם הקורא לפונקציה העביר לה רק את רשימת המחירים, העלו את כל המחירים בשקל, כברירת מחדל.
\n", + " אם כן הועבר הארגומנט השני, העלו את המחיר לפי הערך שצוין באותו ארגומנט.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפעם אנחנו מתחבטים קצת יותר, מגרדים בראש, קוראים כמה מדריכי פייתון ומגיעים לבסוף לתשובה הבאה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_new_prices(l, increment_by=1):\n", + " l2 = []\n", + " for item in l:\n", + " l2.append(item + increment_by)\n", + " return l2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "prices = [42, 73, 300]\n", + "print(prices)\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices))\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 5))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כשאנחנו רוצים להגדיר פרמטר עם ערך ברירת מחדל, נוכל לקבוע את ערך ברירת המחדל שלו בכותרת הפונקציה.
\n", + " אם יועבר ארגומנט שכזה לפונקציה – פייתון תשתמש בערך שהועבר.
\n", + " אם לא – יילקח ערך ברירת המחדל שהוגדר בכותרת הפונקציה. \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " במקרה שלנו הגדרנו את הפרמטר increment_by עם ערך ברירת המחדל 1.
\n", + " קריאה לפונקציה עם ארגומנט אחד בלבד (רשימת המחירים) תגדיל את כל המחירים ב־1, שהרי הוא ערך ברירת המחדל.
\n", + " קריאה לפונקציה עם שני ארגומנטים (רשימת המחירים, סכום ההעלאה) תגדיל את כל המחירים בסכום ההעלאה שהועבר.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " חשוב להבין שקריאה לפונקציה עם ערכים במקום ערכי ברירת המחדל, לא תשנה את ערך ברירת המחדל בקריאות הבאות: \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 5))\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " ממשו את פונקציית get המלאה. הפונקציה תקבל מילון, מפתח ו\"ערך לשעת חירום\".
\n", + " החזירו את הערך השייך למפתח שהתקבל. אחרת – החזירו את הערך לשעת החירום שהועבר לפונקציה.
\n", + " אם לא הועבר ערך לשעת חירום והמפתח לא נמצא במילון, החזירו None. \n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נדגים את אותו עיקרון עם כמה ערכי ברירת מחדל.
\n", + " אם הדרישה הייתה, לדוגמה, להוסיף לפונקציה גם אפשרות להנחה במחירי הפרחים, היינו יכולים לממש זאת כך:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_new_prices(l, increment_by=1, discount=0):\n", + " l2 = []\n", + " for item in l:\n", + " new_price = item + increment_by - discount\n", + " l2.append(new_price)\n", + " return l2\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "prices = [42, 73, 300]\n", + "print(prices)\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 10, 1)) # העלאה של 10, הנחה של 1\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, 5)) # העלאה של 5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אך מה יקרה כשנרצה לתת רק הנחה?
\n", + " במקרה כזה, כשנרצה \"לדלג\" מעל אחד מערכי ברירת המחדל, נצטרך להעביר את שמות הפרמטרים בקריאה לפונקציה.
\n", + " בדוגמה הבאה אנחנו מעלים את המחיר ב־1 (כי זו ברירת המחדל), ומורידים אותו ב־5: \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "prices = [42, 73, 300]\n", + "print(prices)\n", + "print(get_new_prices(prices, discount=5))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " זה אמנם עניין של סגנון, אבל יש יופי וסדר בציון שמות הפרמטרים גם כשלא חייבים:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(get_new_prices(prices, increment_by=10, discount=1))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפונקציה הפייתונית max, למשל, מתנהגת באופן משונה.
\n", + " היא יודעת לקבל כל מספר שהוא של ארגומנטים, ולהחליט מי מהם הוא הגדול ביותר.
\n", + " ראו בעצמכם!\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "max(13, 256, 278, 887, 989, 457, 6510, 18, 865, 901, 401, 704, 640)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נוכל גם אנחנו לממש פונקציה שמקבלת מספר משתנה של פרמטרים די בקלות.
\n", + " נתחיל מלממש פונקציה טיפשית למדי, שמקבלת מספר משתנה של פרמטרים ומדפיסה אותם:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def silly_function(*parameters):\n", + " print(parameters)\n", + "\n", + " print(type(parameters))\n", + " print('-' * 20)\n", + " \n", + " \n", + "silly_function('Shmulik', 'Shlomo')\n", + "silly_function('Shmulik', 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13)\n", + "silly_function()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מה התרחש בדוגמה האחרונה, בעצם?
\n", + " כשפרמטר מוגדר בכותרת הפונקציה עם הסימן כוכבית, אפשר לשלוח אל אותו פרמטר מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים.
\n", + " הערך שייכנס לפרמטר יהיה מסוג tuple, שאיבריו הם כל האיברים שהועברו כארגומנטים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לצורך ההדגמה, נבנה פונקציה שמקבלת פרמטרים ומדפיסה אותם בזה אחר זה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def silly_function2(*parameters):\n", + " print(f\"Printing all the items in {parameters}:\")\n", + " for parameter in parameters:\n", + " print(parameter)\n", + " print(\"-\" * 20)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "silly_function2('Shmulik', 'Shlomo')\n", + "silly_function2('Shmulik', 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13)\n", + "silly_function2()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " שחקו עם הפונקציה silly_function2 וודאו שהבנתם מה מתרחש בה.
\n", + " כשתסיימו, נסו לממש את הפונקציה max בעצמכם.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נממש את max:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def my_max(*numbers):\n", + " if not numbers: # אם לא סופקו ארגומנטים, אין מקסימום\n", + " return None\n", + "\n", + " maximum = numbers[0]\n", + " for number in numbers:\n", + " if number > maximum:\n", + " maximum = number\n", + " return maximum\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "my_max(13, 256, 278, 887, 989, 457, 6510, 18, 865, 901, 401, 704, 640)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כותרת הפונקציה יכולה לכלול משתנים נוספים לפני הכוכבית.
\n", + " נראה לדוגמה פונקציה שמקבלת גובה הנחה ואת מחירי כל המוצרים שקנינו, ומחזירה את הסכום הסופי שעלינו לשלם:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_final_price(discount, *prices):\n", + " return sum(prices) - discount\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "get_final_price(10000, 3.141, 90053)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אף שבמבט ראשון הפונקציה get_final_price עשויה להיראות מגניבה, כדאי להיזהר משימוש מוגזם בתכונה הזו של פייתון.
\n", + " הדוגמה הזו אמנם מדגימה גמישות יוצאת דופן של פייתון, אבל ככלל היא דוגמה גרועה מאוד לשימוש בכוכבית.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב כמה נוח יותר להבין את המימוש הבא ל־get_final_price, וכמה נוח יותר להבין את הקריאה לפונקציה הזו:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get_final_price(prices, discount):\n", + " return sum(prices) - discount\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "get_final_price(prices=(3.141, 90053), discount=10000)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### תרגול ביניים: סולל דרך" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה בשם create_path שיכולה לקבל מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים.
\n", + " הפרמטר הראשון יהיה אות הכונן שבו הקבצים מאוחסנים (לרוב \"C\"), והפרמטרים שאחריו יהיו שמות של תיקיות וקבצים.
\n", + " שרשרו אותם בעזרת התו \\ כדי ליצור מהם מחרוזת המייצגת נתיב במחשב. אחרי האות של הכונן שימו נקודתיים.
\n", + " הניחו שהקלט שהמשתמש הכניס הוא תקין.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הנה כמה דוגמאות לקריאות לפונקציה ולערכי ההחזרה שלה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • הקריאה create_path(\"C\", \"Users\", \"Yam\") תחזיר \"C:\\Users\\Yam\"
    • \n", + "
  • הקריאה create_path(\"C\", \"Users\", \"Yam\", \"HaimonLimon.mp4\") תחזיר \"C:\\Users\\Yam\\HaimonLimon.mp4\"
    • \n", + "
  • הקריאה create_path(\"D\", \"1337.png\") תחזיר \"D:\\1337.png\"
    • \n", + "
  • הקריאה create_path(\"C\") תחזיר \"C:\"
    • \n", + "
  • הקריאה create_path() תגרום לשגיאה
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים עם שמות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בתחילת המחברת למדנו כיצד מעבירים לפונקציות ארגומנטים בעזרת שם:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def print_introduction(name, age):\n", + " return f\"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print_introduction(age=2019, name=\"Gandalf\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אבל מה אם נרצה להעביר לפונקציה שלנו מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים לפי שם?
\n", + " נביא כדוגמה את הפעולה format על מחרוזות.
\n", + " format היא פונקציה גמישה בכל הנוגע לכמות ולשמות של הארגומנטים שמועברים לה לפי שם.
\n", + " נראה שתי דוגמאות לשימוש בה, שימוש שבמבט ראשון עשוי להיראות קסום:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "message = \"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old\"\n", + "formatted_message = message.format(name=\"Gandalf\", age=2019)\n", + "print(formatted_message)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "song = \"I'll {action} a story of a {animal}.\\nA {animal} who's {key} is {value}.\"\n", + "formatted_song = song.format(action=\"sing\", animal=\"duck\", key=\"name\", value=\"Alfred Kwak\")\n", + "print(formatted_song)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נכתוב גם אנחנו פונקציה שמסוגלת לקבל מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים לפי שם.
\n", + " ניעזר תחילה בידידתנו הוותיקה, silly_function, כדי לראות איך הקסם קורה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def silly_function(**kwargs):\n", + " print(kwargs)\n", + " print(type(kwargs))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "silly_function(a=5, b=6, address=\"221B Baker St, London, England.\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ההתנהגות הזו מתרחשת כיוון שהשתמשנו בשתי כוכביות לפני שם המשתנה.
\n", + " השימוש בשתי כוכביות מאפשר לנו להעביר מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים עם שם, באופן שמזכיר קצת את השימוש בכוכבית שראינו קודם.
\n", + " המשתנה שבו נשמרים הנתונים הוא מסוג מילון, ובו המפתחות יהיו שמות הארגומנטים שהועברו, והערכים – הערכים שהועברו לאותם שמות.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אחרי שהבנו איך הסיפור הזה עובד, בואו ננסה ליצור פונקציה מעניינת יותר.
\n", + " הפונקציה שנכתוב תקבל כארגומנטים כמה גרם מכל רכיב צריך כדי להכין סושי, ותדפיס לנו מתכון:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def print_sushi_recipe(**ingredients_and_amounts):\n", + " for ingredient, amount in ingredients_and_amounts.items():\n", + " print(f\"{amount} grams of {ingredient}\")\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print_sushi_recipe(rice=300, water=300, vinegar=15, sugar=10, salt=3, fish=600)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בדוגמה זו השתמשנו בעובדה שהפרמטר שמוגדר בעזרת שתי כוכביות הוא בהכרח מילון.
\n", + " עברנו על כל המפתחות והערכים שבו בעזרת הפעולה items, והדפסנו את המתכון, רכיב אחר רכיב.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " גרמו לפונקציה print_sushi_recipe להדפיס את הרכיבים לפי סדר משקלם, מהנמוך לגבוה.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פרמטר המוגדר בעזרת שתי כוכביות תמיד יופיע בסוף רשימת הפרמטרים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### תרגול ביניים: גזור פזורפ" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה בשם my_format שמקבלת מחרוזת, ומספר בלתי מוגבל של פרמטרים עם שמות.
\n", + " הפונקציה תחליף כל הופעה של {key} במחרוזת, אם key הועבר כפרמטר לפונקציה.
\n", + " הערך שבו {key} יוחלף הוא הערך שהועבר ל־key במסגרת העברת הארגומנטים לפונקציה.
\n", + " הפונקציה לא תשתמש בפעולה format של מחרוזות או בפונקציות שלא למדנו עד כה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הנה כמה דוגמאות לקריאות לפונקציה ולערכי ההחזרה שלה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה my_format(\"I'm Mr. {name}, look at me!\", name=\"Meeseeks\")
    \n", + " תחזיר \"I'm Mr. Meeseeks, look at me!\"\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה my_format(\"{a} {b} {c} {c}\", a=\"wubba\", b=\"lubba\", c=\"dub\")
    \n", + " תחזיר \"wubba lubba dub dub\"\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה my_format(\"The universe is basically an animal\", animal=\"Chicken\")
    \n", + " תחזיר \"The universe is basically an animal\"\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה my_format(\"The universe is basically an animal\")
    \n", + " תחזיר \"The universe is basically an animal\"\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### חוק וסדר" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נוכל לשלב יחד את כל הטכניקות שלמדנו עד עכשיו לפונקציה אחת.
\n", + " ניצור, לדוגמה, פונקציה שמחשבת עלות הכנה של עוגה.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפונקציה תקבל:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • את רשימת הרכיבים הקיימים בסופר ואת המחירים שלהם.
    • \n", + "
  • את רשימת הרכיבים הדרושים כדי להכין עוגה (נניח ששם כל רכיב הוא מילה בודדת).
    • \n", + "
  • אם ללקוח מגיעה הנחה.
    • \n", + "
  • שיעור ההנחה, באחוזים. כברירת מחדל, אם ללקוח מגיעה הנחה – שיעורה הוא 10%.
    • \n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "

\n", + " לצורך פישוט התרגיל, נתעלם לרגע מעניין הכמויות במתכון :)\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def calculate_cake_price(apply_discount, *ingredients, discount_rate=10, **prices):\n", + " if not apply_discount:\n", + " discount_rate = 0\n", + "\n", + " final_price = 0\n", + " for ingredient in ingredients:\n", + " final_price = final_price + prices.get(ingredient)\n", + " \n", + " final_price = final_price - (final_price * discount_rate / 100)\n", + " return final_price\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "calculate_cake_price(True, 'chocolate', 'cream', chocolate=30, cream=20, water=5)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " הפונקציה נכתבה כדי להדגים את הטכניקה, והיא נראית די רע.
\n", + " ראו כמה קשה להבין איזה ארגומנט שייך לאיזה פרמטר בקריאה לפונקציה.
\n", + " יש להפעיל שיקול דעת לפני שימוש בטכניקות של קבלת פרמטרים מרובים.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב לסדר הפרמטרים בכותרת הפונקציה:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • הארגומנטים שמיקומם קבוע ואנחנו יודעים מי הם הולכים להיות (apply_discount).
    • \n", + "
  • הארגומנטים שמיקומם קבוע ואנחנו לא יודעים מי הם הולכים להיות (ingredients).
    • \n", + "
  • הארגומנטים ששמותיהם ידועים וערך ברירת המחדל שלהם נקבע בראש הפונקציה (discount_rate).
    • \n", + "
  • ערכים נוספים ששמותיהם לא ידועים מראש (prices).
    • \n", + "
\n", + "\n", + "

\n", + " נסו לחשוב: למה נקבע דווקא הסדר הזה?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " איך הייתם כותבים את אותה הפונקציה בדיוק בלי שימוש בטכניקות שלמדנו?
\n", + " השימוש בערכי ברירת מחדל מותר.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### ערכי ברירת מחדל שאפשר לשנותם" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " יש מקרה קצה של ערכי ברירת מחדל שגורם לפייתון להתנהג קצת מוזר.
\n", + " זה קורה כשערך ברירת המחדל שהוגדר בכותרת הפונקציה הוא mutable:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def append(item, l=[]):\n", + " l.append(item)\n", + " return l\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print(append(4, [1, 2, 3]))\n", + "print(append('a'))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " עד כאן נראה כאילו הפונקציה פועלת באופן שהיינו מצפים ממנה.
\n", + " ערך ברירת המחדל של הפרמטר l הוא רשימה ריקה, ולכן בקריאה השנייה חוזרת רשימה עם איבר בודד, ['a'].\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נקרא לפונקציה עוד כמה פעמים, ונגלה משהו מוזר:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(append('b'))\n", + "print(append('c'))\n", + "print(append('d'))\n", + "print(append(4, [1, 2, 3]))\n", + "print(append('e'))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " משונה ולא הגיוני! ציפינו לקבל את הרשימה ['b'] ואז את הרשימה ['c'] וכן הלאה.
\n", + " במקום זה בכל פעם מצטרף איבר חדש לרשימה. למה?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הסיבה לכך היא שפייתון קוראת את כותרת הפונקציה רק פעם אחת – בשלב ההגדרה של הפונקציה.
\n", + " בשלב הזה שבו פייתון תקרא את כותרת הפונקציה, ערך ברירת המחדל של l יצביע לרשימה ריקה.
\n", + " מאותו רגע, בכל פעם שלא נעביר ל־l ערך, l תהיה אותה רשימת ברירת מחדל שהגדרנו בהתחלה.
\n", + " נדגים זאת בעזרת הדפסת ה־id של הרשימה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def view_memory_of_l(item, l=[]):\n", + " l.append(item)\n", + " print(f\"{l} --> {id(l)}\")\n", + " return l\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "same_list1 = view_memory_of_l('a')\n", + "same_list2 = view_memory_of_l('b')\n", + "same_list3 = view_memory_of_l('c')\n", + "new_list1 = view_memory_of_l(4, [1, 2, 3])\n", + "new_list2 = view_memory_of_l(5, [1, 2, 3])\n", + "new_list3 = view_memory_of_l(6, [1, 2, 3])" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כיצד נפתור את הבעיה?
\n", + " דבר ראשון – נשתדל שלא להגדיר משתנים מטיפוס שהוא mutable בתוך כותרת הפונקציה.
\n", + " אם נרצה בכל זאת שהפרמטר יקבל רשימה כברירת מחדל, נעשה זאת כך:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def append(item, l=None):\n", + " if l == None:\n", + " l = []\n", + "\n", + " l.append(item)\n", + " return l\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print(append(4, [1, 2, 3]))\n", + "print(append('a'))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב שהתופעה לא משתחזרת במבנים שהם immutable, כיוון שכשמם כן הם – אי אפשר לשנותם:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def increment(i=0):\n", + " i = i + 1\n", + " return i\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "print(increment(100))\n", + "print(increment())\n", + "print(increment())\n", + "print(increment())\n", + "print(increment(100))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### דוגמאות נוספות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### חיקוי מדויק של פונקציית get למילונים:" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נרענן את זיכרוננו בנוגע ל־unpacking:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "range_arguments = [1, 10, 3]\n", + "range_result = range(*range_arguments)\n", + "print(list(range_result))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " או:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "preformatted_message = \"My name is {me}, and my sister is {sister}\"\n", + "parameters = {'me': 'Mei', 'sister': 'Satsuki'}\n", + "message = preformatted_message.format(**parameters)\n", + "print(message)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אם כך, נוכל לכתוב:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def get(dictionary, *args, **kwargs):\n", + " return dictionary.get(*args, **kwargs)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב שהכוכביות בשורה הראשונה עוזרות לנו לקבל מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים.
\n", + " הכוכביות בשורה השנייה הן unpacking, כפי שלמדנו בשבוע שעבר.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " החיקוי הזה לא מועיל לנו במיוחד כרגע, אבל הוא יעבוד עבור כל סוג של פעולה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## מונחים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
ערכי ברירת מחדל
Default Parameters. פרמטרים שנקבע להם ערך ברירת מחדל בכותרת הפונקציה.
\n", + "
ארגומנטים לפי מיקום
Positional Arguments. ערכים המועברים כארגומנטים בקריאה לפונקציה לפי המיקום שלהם, וללא שם לידם.
\n", + "
ארגומנטים לפי שם
Keyword Arguments. ערכים המועברים כארגומנטים בקריאה לפונקציה לפי השם שלהם שנמצא לפני השווה.
\n", + "
מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים
נקרא לרוב *args. מאפשר לנו לקבל מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים לפי מיקום.
\n", + "
מספר משתנה של ארגומנטים עם שמות
נקרא לרוב **kwargs. מאפשר לנו לקבל מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים לפי שם.
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## תרגילים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### כפלו לי שתו לי" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה בשם avg שמקבלת מספר בלתי מוגבל של ארגומנטים, ומדפיסה את הממוצע שלהם.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה avg(5, 6)\n", + " תחזיר 5.5\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה avg(10, 5, 3)\n", + " תחזיר 6\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה avg(2)\n", + " תחזיר 2\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה avg()\n", + " תחזיר None או שגיאה, לבחירתכם\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### Cup of join" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה בשם join, שמקבלת מספר בלתי מוגבל של רשימות, כל רשימה כפרמטר.
\n", + " על הפונקציה להיות מסוגלת לקבל פרמטר נוסף בשם sep.
\n", + " על הפונקציה להחזיר רשימה אחת המורכבת מכלל הרשימות שהתקבלו כפרמטרים.
\n", + " אם סופק הפרמטר sep, יש לשרשר אותו כאיבר בין כל שתי רשימות. אם הוא לא סופק, יש לשרשר את התו \"-\" במקום. \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה join([1, 2], [8], [9, 5, 6], sep='@')\n", + " תחזיר [1, 2, '@', 8, '@', 9, 5, 6]\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה join([1, 2], [8], [9, 5, 6])\n", + " תחזיר [1, 2, '-', 8, '-', 9, 5, 6]\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה join([1])\n", + " תחזיר [1]\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה join()\n", + " תחזיר None או שגיאה, לבחירתכם\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### חתכת עוגה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ממשו פונקציה בשם get_recipe_price, שלה יש:
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • \n", + " פרמטר בשם prices, שיקבל מילון של מצרכים הדרושים כדי להכין מתכון מסוים.
    \n", + " מפתח המילון יהיה שם המוצר, וערך המילון יהיה המחיר שלו ל־100 גרם.
    \n", + " הניחו ששמו של כל רכיב הוא מילה אחת, ללא רווחים וללא תווים מיוחדים.\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " פרמטר רשות בשם optionals שיקבל רשימה של רכיבים שנתעלם מהם, משמע – לא נקנה מהם בכלל.
    \n", + " אם הפרמטר לא יצוין, יש להתייחס לכל הרכיבים שהועברו.\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " עבור כל רכיב שהועבר ב־ingredients, יש להעביר ארגומנט הנושא את שמו של הרכיב.
    \n", + " ערך הארגומנט צריך להיות כמות הרכיב (בגרמים) שממנה אנחנו רוצים לקנות עבור המתכון.\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפונקציה תחזיר את המחיר שעלינו לשלם על קניית כל המצרכים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה get_recipe_price({'chocolate': 18, 'milk': 8}, chocolate=200, milk=100)
    \n", + " תחזיר 44\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה get_recipe_price({'chocolate': 18, 'milk': 8}, optional=['milk'], chocolate=300)
    \n", + " תחזיר 54\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • \n", + " הקריאה get_recipe_price({})
    \n", + " תחזיר 0\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/week5/3_Generators.ipynb b/week5/3_Generators.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47f8823 --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/3_Generators.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "\"לוגו" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "# Generators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הקדמה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפונקציות שיצרנו עד כה נבנו כך שיחזירו ערך אחד בכל קריאה.
\n", + " הערך הזה יכול היה להיות מכל טיפוס שהוא: בוליאני, מחרוזת, tuple וכדומה.
\n", + " אם נרצה להחזיר כמה ערכים יחד, תמיד נוכל להחזיר אותם כרשימה או כ־tuple.
\n", + " אבל מה קורה כשאנחנו רוצים להחזיר סדרת ערכים גדולה מאוד או אפילו אין־סופית?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " למשל:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • הכתובות של כל הדפים הקיימים באינטרנט.
    • \n", + "
  • מילות כל השירים שראו אור מאז שנת 1400 לספירה.
    • \n", + "
  • כל המספרים השלמים הגדולים מ־0.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בכלים שיש בידינו כרגע, נמצא שיש בעיה ליצור רשימות כאלו.
\n", + " עבור רשימות גדולות מאוד – לא יהיה למחשב די זיכרון ולבסוף הוא ייכשל בשמירת ערכים חדשים.
\n", + " ומה בנוגע לרשימות אין־סופיות? הן... ובכן... אין־סופיות, ולכן מלכתחילה לא נוכל ליצור אותן.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הגדרה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פתרון שמעניין לחשוב עליו הוא \"פונקציה עצלנית\".
\n", + " אם אנחנו בשום שלב לא יכולים להחזיק בזיכרון המחשב את כל האיברים (כי יש יותר מדי מהם, או כי זו סדרה אין־סופית),
\n", + " אולי נוכל לשלוח תחילה את הערך הראשון – ואת הערכים שבאים אחריו נשלח רק כשיבקשו אותם מאיתנו.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פונקציה עצלנית שכזו נקראת generator, ובכל פעם שנבקש ממנה, היא תחזיר לנו איבר יחיד מתוך סדרת ערכים.
\n", + " תחילה – היא תחזיר רק את הערך הראשון, בלי לחשב את שאר האיברים. אחר כך, באותו אופן, רק את השני, אחר כך רק את השלישי וכן הלאה.
\n", + " ההבדל העיקרי בין generator לבין פונקציה רגילה, הוא שב־generator נבחר להחזיר את הערכים אחד־אחד ולא תחת מבנה מאוגד.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נסכם: generator היא פונקציה שיוצרת עבורנו בכל פעם ערך אחד, מחזירה אותו, ומחכה עד שנבקש את האיבר הבא.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## שימוש" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### יצירת generator בסיסי" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נתחיל בהגדרת generator מטופש למדי:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def silly_generator():\n", + " a = 1\n", + " yield a\n", + " b = a + 1\n", + " yield b\n", + " c = [1, 2, 3]\n", + " yield c" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מעניין! זה נראה ממש כמו פונקציה. נקרא למבנה הזה שיצרנו \"פונקציית ה־generator\".
\n", + " אבל מהו ה־yield המוזר הזה שנמצא שם?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לפני שנתהה על קנקנו, בואו ננסה לקרוא לפונקציה ונראה מה היא מחזירה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(silly_generator())" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אומנם למדנו שלא אומרים איכס על פונקציות, אבל מה קורה פה?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בניגוד לפונקציות רגילות, קריאה ל־generator לא מחזירה ערך מייד.
\n", + " במקום ערך היא מחזירה מעין סמן, כמו בקובץ, שאפשר לדמיין כחץ שמצביע על השורה הראשונה של הפונקציה.
\n", + " נשמור את הסמן על משתנה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "our_generator = silly_generator()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בעקבות הקריאה ל־silly_generator נוצר לנו סמן שמצביע כרגע על השורה a = 1.
\n", + " המינוח המקצועי לסמן הזה הוא generator iterator.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "\"תוכן" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אחרי שהרצנו את השורה our_generator = silly_generator(), הסמן המדובר נשמר במשתנה בשם our_generator.
\n", + " זה זמן מצוין לבקש מה־generator להחזיר ערך.
\n", + " נעשה זאת בעזרת הפונקציה הפייתונית next:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "next_value = next(our_generator)\n", + "print(next_value)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כדי להבין מה התרחש נצטרך להבין שני דברים חשובים שקשורים ל־generators:
\n", + "

\n", + "
    \n", + "
  1. קריאה ל־next היא כמו לחיצה על \"נגן\" (Play) – היא גורמת לסמן לרוץ עד שהוא מגיע לשורה של החזרת ערך.
    2. \n", + "
  2. מילת המפתח yield דומה למילת המפתח return – היא מפסיקה את ריצת הסמן, ומחזירה את הערך שמופיע אחריה.
    3. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אז היה לנו סמן שהצביע על השורה הראשונה. לחצנו Play, והוא הריץ את הקוד עד שהוא הגיע לנקודה שבה מחזירים ערך.
\n", + " ההבדל בין פונקציה לבין generator, הוא שכשאנחנו מחזירים ערך בעזרת yield אנחנו \"מקפיאים\" את המצב שבו\n", + " יצאנו מהפונקציה.
\n", + " ממש כמו ללחוץ על \"Pause\".
\n", + " כשנקרא ל־next בפעם הבאה – הפונקציה תמשיך לרוץ מאותו המקום שבו השארנו את הסמן, עם אותם ערכי משתנים.
\n", + " עכשיו הסמן מצביע על השורה b = a + 1, ומחכה שמישהו יקרא שוב ל־next כדי שהפונקציה תוכל להמשיך לרוץ:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(our_generator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נסכם מה קרה עד עכשיו:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  1. הגדרנו פונקציה בשם silly_generator, שאמורה להחזיר את הערכים 1, 2 ו־[1, 2, 3]. קראנו לה \"פונקציית הגנרטור\".
    2. \n", + "
  2. בעזרת קריאה לפונקציית הגנרטור, יצרנו \"סמן\" (generator iterator) שנקרא our_generator ומצביע לשורה הראשונה בפונקציה.
    3. \n", + "
  3. בעזרת קריאה ל־next על ה־generator iterator, הרצנו את הסמן עד שה־generator החזיר ערך.
    4. \n", + "
  4. למדנו ש־generator־ים מחזירים ערכים בעיקר בעזרת yield – שמחזיר ערך ושומר את המצב שבו הפונקציה עצרה.
    5. \n", + "
  5. קראנו שוב ל־next על ה־generator iterator, וראינו שהוא ממשיך מהמקום שבו ה־generator הפסיק לרוץ פעם קודמת.
    6. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " תוכלו לחזות מה יקרה אם נקרא שוב ל־next(our_generator)?\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ננסה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(our_generator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " יופי! הכל הלך כמצופה.
\n", + " אבל מה צופן לנו העתיד?
\n", + " בפעם הבאה שנבקש ערך מהפונקציה, הסמן שלנו ירוץ הלאה ולא ייתקל ב־yield.
\n", + " במקרה כזה, נקבל שגיאת StopIteration, שמבשרת לנו ש־next לא הצליח לחלץ מה־generator את הערך הבא.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(our_generator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מובן שאין סיבה להילחץ.
\n", + " במקרה הזה אפילו לא מדובר במשהו רע – פשוט כילינו את כל הערכים מה־generator iterator שלנו.
\n", + " פונקציית ה־generator עדיין קיימת!
\n", + " אפשר ליצור עוד generator iterator אם נרצה, ולקבל את כל הערכים שנמצאים בו באותה צורה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "our_generator = silly_generator()\n", + "print(next(our_generator))\n", + "print(next(our_generator))\n", + "print(next(our_generator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אבל כשחושבים על זה, זה קצת מגוחך.
\n", + " בכל פעם שנרצה להשיג את הערך הבא נצטרך לרשום next?
\n", + " חייבת להיות דרך טובה יותר!\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### כל generator הוא גם iterable" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### for" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אז למעשה, יש יותר מדרך טובה אחת להשיג את כל הערכים שיוצאים מ־generator מסוים.
\n", + " כהקדמה, נניח פה עובדה שלא תשאיר אתכם אדישים: ה־generator iterator הוא... iterable! הפתעת השנה, אני יודע!
\n", + " אמנם אי אפשר לפנות לאיברים שלו לפי מיקום, אך בהחלט אפשר לעבור עליהם בעזרת לולאת for, לדוגמה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "our_generator = silly_generator()\n", + "for item in our_generator:\n", + " print(item)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מה מתרחש כאן?
\n", + " אנחנו מבקשים מלולאת ה־for לעבור על ה־generator iterator שלנו.
\n", + " ה־for עושה עבורנו את העבודה אוטומטית:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  1. הוא מבקש את האיבר הבא מה־generator iterator באמצעות next.
    2. \n", + "
  2. הוא מכניס את האיבר שהוא קיבל מה־generator ל־item.
    3. \n", + "
  3. הוא מבצע את גוף הלולאה פעם אחת עבור האיבר שנמצא ב־item.
    4. \n", + "
  4. הוא חוזר לראש הלולאה שוב, ומנסה לקבל את האיבר הבא באמצעות next. כך עד שייגמרו האיברים ב־generator iterator.
    5. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב שהעובדות שלמדנו בנוגע לאותו \"סמן\" יבואו לידי ביטוי גם כאן.
\n", + " הרצה נוספת של הלולאה על אותו סמן לא תדפיס יותר איברים, כיוון שהסמן מצביע כעת על סוף פונקציית ה־generator:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "for item in our_generator:\n", + " print(item)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " למזלנו, לולאות for יודעות לטפל בעצמן בשגיאת StopIteration, ולכן שגיאה שכזו לא תקפוץ לנו במקרה הזה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### המרת טיפוסים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " דרך אחרת, לדוגמה, היא לבקש להמיר את ה־generator iterator לסוג משתנה אחר שהוא גם iterable:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "our_generator = silly_generator()\n", + "items = list(our_generator)\n", + "print(items)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בקוד שלמעלה, השתמשנו בפונקציה list שיודעת להמיר ערכים iterable־ים לרשימות.
\n", + " שימו לב שמה שלמדנו בנוגע ל\"סמן\" יבוא לידי ביטוי גם בהמרות:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(list(our_generator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### שימושים פרקטיים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### חיסכון בזיכרון" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + "נכתוב פונקציה רגילה שמקבלת מספר שלם, ומחזירה רשימה של כל המספרים השלמים מ־0 ועד עד אותו מספר (נשמע לכם מוכר?):\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def my_range(upper_limit):\n", + " numbers = []\n", + " current_number = 0\n", + " while current_number < upper_limit:\n", + " numbers.append(current_number)\n", + " current_number = current_number + 1\n", + " return numbers\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "for number in my_range(1000):\n", + " print(number)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בפונקציה הזו אנחנו יוצרים רשימת מספרים חדשה, המכילה את כל המספרים בין 0 לבין המספר שהועבר לפרמטר upper_limit.
\n", + " אך ישנה בעיה חמורה – הפעלת הפונקציה גורמת לניצול משאבים רבים!
\n", + " אם נכניס כארגומנט 1,000 – נצטרך להחזיק רשימה המכילה 1,000 איברים שונים, ואם נכניס מספר גדול מדי – עלול להיגמר לנו הזיכרון.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אבל איזו סיבה יש לנו להחזיק בזיכרון את רשימת כל המספרים?
\n", + " אם לא עולה צורך מובהק שכזה, ייתכן שעדיף להחזיק בזיכרון מספר אחד בלבד בכל פעם, ולהחזירו מייד בעזרת generator:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def my_range(upper_limit):\n", + " current_number = 0\n", + " while current_number < upper_limit:\n", + " yield current_number\n", + " current_number = current_number + 1\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "our_generator = my_range(1000)\n", + "for number in our_generator:\n", + " print(number)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שימו לב כמה הגרסה הזו אלגנטית יותר!
\n", + " בכל פעם אנחנו פשוט שולחים את ערכו של מספר אחד (current_number) החוצה.
\n", + " כשמבקשים את הערך הבא מה־generator iterator, פונקציית ה־generator חוזרת לעבוד מהנקודה שבה היא עצרה:
\n", + " היא מעלה את ערכו של המספר הנוכחי, בודקת אם הוא נמוך מ־upper_limit, ושולחת גם אותו החוצה.
\n", + " בשיטה הזו, my_range(numbers) לא מחזירה לנו רשימה של התוצאות – אלא generator iterator שמחזיר ערך אחד בכל פעם.
\n", + " כך אנחנו לעולם לא מחזיקים בזיכרון 1,000 מספרים בו־זמנית.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " לפניכם פונקציה שמקבלת רשימה, ומחזירה עבור כל מספר ברשימה את ערכו בריבוע.
\n", + " זוהי גרסה מעט בזבזנית שמשתמשת בהרבה זיכרון. תוכלו להמיר אותה להיות generator?\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def square_numbers(numbers):\n", + " squared_numbers = []\n", + " for number in numbers:\n", + " squared_numbers.append(number ** 2)\n", + " return squared_numbers\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "for number in square_numbers(my_range(1000)):\n", + " print(number)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### תשובות חלקיות" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לעיתים ניאלץ לבצע חישוב ארוך, שהשלמתו תימשך זמן רב מאוד.
\n", + " במקרה כזה, נוכל להשתמש ב־generator כדי לקבל חלק מהתוצאה בזמן אמת,
\n", + " בזמן שבפונקציה \"רגילה\" נצטרך להמתין עד סיום החישוב כולו.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " שלשה פיתגורית, לדוגמה, היא שלישיית מספרים שלמים וחיוביים, $a$, $b$ ו־$c$, שעונים על הדרישה $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.
\n", + " אם כך, כדי ששלושה מספרים שאנחנו בוחרים ייחשבו שלשה פיתגורית,
\n", + " הסכום של ריבוע המספר הראשון וריבוע המספר השני, אמור להיות שווה לערכו של המספר השלישי בריבוע.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אלו דוגמאות לשלשות פיתגוריות:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • $(3, 4, 5)$, כיוון ש־$9 + 16 = 25$.
    \n", + " 9 הוא 3 בריבוע, 16 הוא 4 בריבוע ו־25 הוא 5 בריבוע.\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • $(5, 12, 13)$, כיוון ש־$25 + 144 = 169$.
    • \n", + "
  • $(8, 15, 17)$, כיוון ש־$64 + 225 = 289$.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ננסה למצוא את כל השלשות הפיתגוריות מתחת ל־10,000 בעזרת קוד שרץ על כל השלשות האפשריות:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def find_pythagorean_triples(upper_bound=10_000):\n", + " pythagorean_triples = []\n", + " for a in range(2, upper_bound):\n", + " for b in range(1, a):\n", + " for c in range(1, b):\n", + " if a ** 2 + b **2 == c ** 2:\n", + " pythagorean_triples.append((a, b, c))\n", + " return pythagorean_triples\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "for triple in find_pythagorean_triples():\n", + " print(triple)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " הרצת התא הקודם תתקע את המחברת (חישוב התוצאה יימשך זמן רב).
\n", + " כדי להיות מסוגלים להריץ את התאים הבאים, לחצו 00 לאחר הרצת התא, ובחרו Restart.
\n", + " אל דאגה – האתחול יתבצע אך ורק עבור המחברת, ולא עבור מחשב.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " יו, כמה זמן נמשכת הרצת הקוד הזה... 😴
\n", + " הלוואי שעד שהקוד הזה היה מסיים היינו מקבלים לפחות חלק מהתוצאות!
\n", + " נפנה ל־generator־ים לעזרה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def find_pythagorean_triples(upper_bound=10_000):\n", + " for c in range(3, upper_bound):\n", + " for b in range(2, c):\n", + " for a in range(1, b):\n", + " if a ** 2 + b **2 == c ** 2:\n", + " yield a, b, c\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "for triple in find_pythagorean_triples():\n", + " print(triple)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " איך זה קרה? קיבלנו את התשובה בתוך שבריר שנייה!
\n", + " ובכן, זה לא מדויק – קיבלנו חלק מהתשובות. שימו לב שהקוד ממשיך להדפיס :)
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " להזכירכם, ה־generator שולח את התוצאה החוצה מייד כשהוא מוצא שלשה אחת,
\n", + " וה־for מקבל מה־generator iterable כל שלשה ברגע שהיא נמצאה.
\n", + " ברגע שה־for מקבל שלשה, הוא מבצע את גוף הלולאה עבור אותה שלשה, ורק אז מבקש מ־generator את האיבר הבא.
\n", + " בגלל האופי של generators, הקוד בתא האחרון מדפיס לנו כל שלשה ברגע שהוא מצא אותה, ולא מחכה עד שיימצאו כל השלשות.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### תרגול ביניים: מספרים פראיים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " \"פירוק לגורמים של מספר שלם\" היא בעיה שחישוב פתרונה נמשך זמן רב במחשבים מודרניים.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " עליכם לכתוב פונקציה שמקבלת מספר חיובי שלם $n$, ומחזירה קבוצת מספרים שמכפלתם (תוצאת הכפל ביניהם) היא $n$.
\n", + " לדוגמה, המספר 1,386 בנוי מהמכפלה של קבוצת המספרים $2 \\cdot 3 \\cdot 3 \\cdot 7 \\cdot 11$.
\n", + " כל מספר בקבוצת המספרים הזו חייב להיות ראשוני.
\n", + " להזכירכם: מספר ראשוני הוא מספר שאין לו מחלקים חוץ מעצמו ומ־1.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הניחו שהמספר שהתקבל אינו ראשוני.
\n", + " מה היתרון של generator על פני פונקציה רגילה שעושה אותו דבר?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " רמז: אם תנסו לחלק את המספר ב־2, ואז ב־3 (וכן הלאה), בסופו של דבר תגיעו למחלק ראשוני של המספר.
\n", + " רמז עבה: בכל פעם שמצאתם מחלק אחד למספר, חלקו את המספר במחלק, והתחילו את החיפוש מחדש. מתי עליכם לעצור?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#### אוספים אין־סופיים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " עבור בעיות מסוימות, נרצה להיות מסוגלים להחזיר אין־סוף תוצאות.
\n", + " ניקח כדוגמה לסדרה אין־סופית את סדרת פיבונאצ'י, שבה כל איבר הוא סכום זוג האיברים הקודמים לו:
\n", + " $1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, \\ldots$\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נממש פונקציה שמחזירה לנו את סדרת פיבונאצ'י.
\n", + " בפונקציה רגילה אין לנו אפשרות להחזיר מספר אין־סופי של איברים, ולכן נצטרך להחליט על מספר האיברים המרבי שנרצה להחזיר:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def fibonacci(max_items):\n", + " a = 1\n", + " b = 1\n", + " numbers = [1, 1]\n", + " while len(numbers) < max_items:\n", + " a, b = b, a + b # Unpacking\n", + " numbers.append(b)\n", + " return numbers\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "for number in fibonacci(10):\n", + " print(number)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לעומת זאת, ל־generators לא חייב להיות סוף מוגדר.
\n", + " נשתמש ב־while True שתמיד מתקיים, כדי שבסופו של דבר – תמיד נגיע ל־yield: \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def fibonacci():\n", + " a = 1\n", + " b = 1\n", + " numbers = [1, 1]\n", + " while True: # תמיד מתקיים\n", + " yield a\n", + " a, b = b, a + b\n", + "\n", + " \n", + "generator_iterator = fibonacci()\n", + "for number in range(10):\n", + " print(next(generator_iterator))\n", + "\n", + "# אני יכול לבקש בקלות רבה את 10 האיברים הבאים בסדרה\n", + "for number in range(10):\n", + " print(next(generator_iterator))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"אזהרה!\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " generators אין־סופיים יכולים לגרום בקלות ללולאות אין־סופיות, גם בלולאות for.
\n", + " שימו לב לצורת ההתעסקות העדינה בדוגמאות למעלה.
\n", + " הרצת לולאת for ישירות על ה־generator iterator הייתה מכניסה אותנו ללולאה אין־סופית.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
\n", + " \"תרגול\" \n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " כתבו generator שמחזיר את כל המספרים השלמים הגדולים מ־0.\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
\n", + "

\n", + " חשוב!
\n", + " פתרו לפני שתמשיכו!\n", + "

\n", + "
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### ריבוי generator iterators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נגדיר generator פשוט שמחזיר את האיברים 1, 2 ו־3:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "def simple_generator():\n", + " yield 1\n", + " yield 2\n", + " yield 3" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ניצור שני generator iterators (\"סמנים\") שונים שמצביעים לשורה הראשונה של ה־generator שמופיע למעלה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "first_gen = simple_generator()\n", + "second_gen = simple_generator()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בעניין זה, חשוב להבין שכל אחד מה־generator iterators הוא \"חץ\" נפרד שמצביע לשורה הראשונה ב־simple_generator.
\n", + " אם נבקש מכל אחד מהם להחזיר ערך, נקבל משניהם את 1, ואותו חץ דמיוני יעבור בשני ה־generator iterators להמתין בשורה השנייה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(first_gen))\n", + "print(next(second_gen))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " נוכל לקדם את first_gen, לדוגמה, לסוף הפונקציה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(first_gen))\n", + "print(next(first_gen))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אבל second_gen הוא חץ נפרד, שעדיין מצביע לשורה השנייה של פונקציית ה־generator.
\n", + " אם נבקש ממנו את הערך הבא, הוא ימשיך את המסע מהערך 2:
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "print(next(second_gen))" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ממצב זה נוכל להסיק שאפשר ליצור יותר מ־generator iterator אחד עבור כל פונקציית generator.
\n", + " כל אחד מה־generator iterators יחזיק תמונת מצב עצמאית של המקום שבו עצר הסמן ושל ערכי המשתנים.
\n", + " ההתנהלות של כל generator iterator תקרה בנפרד, ולא תושפע בשום צורה מה־generator iterators האחרים.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### הבדלי מינוח" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בשלב זה יש לנו הרבה מבנים שאפשר לרוץ עליהם, וכל המינוח סביב עניין האיטרביליות נעשה מעט מבלבל.
\n", + " ננסה לעשות סדר בדברים:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + "
Iterable
\n", + " אם ערך מסוים הוא iterable, אפשר לפרק אותו ליחידות קטנות יותר, ולהתייחס לכל יחידה בנפרד.\n", + "
\n", + "
Iteration, חִזְרוּר
ביצוע יחיד של גוף הלולאה עבור ערך מסוים.
\n", + "
Iterator
\n", + " ערך שמייצג זרם של מידע, ומתוכו מאחזרים ערכים אחרים. אפשר לאחזר ממנו ערך אחד בכל פעם, לפי סדר מסוים, בעזרת next().
\n", + " iterator הוא בהכרח iterable, אך לא כל iterable הוא iterator.\n", + "
\n", + "
Sequence
\n", + "
\n", + " כל iterable שאפשר לחלץ ממנו איברים באמצעות פנייה למיקום שלהם (iterable[0]), כמו מחרוזות, רשימות ו־tuple־ים.
\n", + " sequence הוא בהכרח iterable, אך לא כל iterable הוא sequence.\n", + "
\n", + "
פונקציית ה־generator
פונקציה המכילה yield ומגדירה אילו ערכים יוחזרו מה־generator.
\n", + "
Generator iterator
\n", + "
\n", + " iterator שנוצר מתוך פונקציית ה־generator.\n", + "
\n", + "
Generator
לרוב מתייחס לפונקציית ה־generator, אך יש פעמים שמשתמשים במינוח כדי להתייחס ל־generator iterator.
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## סיכום" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " Generators הם פונקציות שמאפשרות לנו להחזיר סדרות ערכים באופן מדורג.
\n", + " כשנקרא לפונקציית generator, היא תחזיר לנו generator iterator שישמש מעין \"סמן\".
\n", + " הסמן ישמור \"מצב\" שמתאר את המקום שבו אנחנו שוהים בתוך הפונקציה, ואת הערכים שחושבו במהלך ריצתה עד כה.
\n", + " בכל שלב, נוכל לבקש את הערך הבא ב־generator בעזרת קריאה לפונקציה next על ה־generator iterator.
\n", + " נוכל גם להשתמש במבנים שיזיזו עבורנו את הסמן, כמו for או המרה לסוג נתונים אחר שגם הוא iterable.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ל־generators יתרונות רבים:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • אפשר ליצור בעזרתם פונקציות שמחזירות מספר אין־סופי של נתונים.
    • \n", + "
  • במקרים מסוימים, נוכל להיעזר בהם כדי לקבל רק חלק מהתוצאות בכל זמן נתון.
    • \n", + "
  • שימוש נכון בהם יכול להיות מפתח לחיסכון משמעותי במשאבי התוכנית.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## תרגילים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### פיצוץ אוכלוסין" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " קראו בוויקיפדיה על דרך החישוב של ספרת הביקורת במספרי הזהות בישראל. \n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  1. ממשו פונקציה שמקבלת מספר זהות ללא ספרת ביקורת, ומחזירה את ספרת הביקורת.
    2. \n", + "
  2. ממשו תוכנית המדפיסה את כל מספרי הזהות האפשריים במדינת ישראל. השתמשו בקוד שכתבתם בסעיף הראשון.
    3. \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### מנה מושלמת לחלוקה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " אפשר לחלק רול סושי של 6 יחידות לאדם אחד, ל־2 אנשים, ל־3 אנשים ול־6 אנשים.
\n", + " נתעלם ממצבים שבהם כל אדם מקבל רק חתיכת סושי אחת. זה נשמע לי עצוב.
\n", + " נגדיר \"מנה מושלמת לחלוקה\" כמנה שאם נסכום את כל הצורות לחלק אותה, נקבל את גודל המנה עצמה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " לדוגמה:\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "
    \n", + "
  • רול סושי בעל 6 יחידות הוא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה, כיוון שאפשר לחלק אותו לאדם 1, ל־2 אנשים או ל־3 אנשים. $1+2+3=6$.
    • \n", + "
  • רול סושי בעל 8 יחידות הוא לא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה, כי אפשר לחלק אותו לאדם 1, ל־2 אנשים או ל־4 אנשים. $1+2+4 \\neq 8$.
    • \n", + "
  • רול בעל 12 יחידות גם הוא לא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה – $1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 \\neq 16$.
    • \n", + "
  • רול בעל 28 יחידות הוא בהחלט מנה מושלמת לחלוקה – $1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28$.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו תוכנית שמדפיסה באופן אין־סופי את כל גודלי המנות שנחשבים מושלמים לחלוקה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "### לחששנית" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בקובץ resources/logo.png מופיע לוגו הקורס, ובתוכו מוכמנים מסרים סודיים אחדים.
\n", + " המסרים הם מחרוזות באורך 5 אותיות לפחות, כתובים באותיות אנגליות קטנות בלבד ומסתיימים בסימן קריאה.\n", + "

\n", + "\n", + "

\n", + " פתחו את הלוגו לקריאה בתצורה בינארית, וחלצו ממנו את המסרים הסודיים.
\n", + " זכרו שהקובץ עלול להיות גדול מאוד, ועדיף שלא לקרוא את כולו במכה אחת.
\n", + " מצאו באינטרנט עזרה בנוגע לפתיחת קבצים בצורה בינארית ולקריאה מדורגת של הקובץ.
\n", + " הקפידו שלא להשתמש בטכניקות שלא למדנו (או להוסיף אותן רק בנוסף לפתרון שכזה).\n", + "

" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/week5/Summary.ipynb b/week5/Summary.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c950e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/Summary.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "\"לוגו" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "#

תרגילים

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הקדמה" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " התרגול השבוע כרוך בהשקעת מאמץ ניכר, ומטרתו לחזור ולחזק את היסודות שנלמדו בשבועות קודמים.
\n", + " השבוע ניצב בפניכם אתגר חדש: חזקו את יכולות החיפוש שלכם באינטרנט ובתיעוד של פייתון, ונסו למצוא מודולים שיסייעו לכם בפתרון הבעיות.
\n", + " זוהי יכולת חשובה מאוד עבור מתכנתים, וזהו בהחלט חלק נכבד מהאתגר בתרגילים שמופיעים לפניכם במחברת הזו.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## מלחמה וזהו?" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " פתרו את התרגיל \"מלחמה וזהו\" משבוע 4, הפעם עם הידע החדש שרכשתם.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## כלים שלובים" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו פונקציה בשם interleave שמקבלת פרמטר iterable אחד או יותר, ומחזירה רשימה של האיברים שזורים זה בזה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + "לדוגמה, עבור הקריאה interleave('abc', [1, 2, 3], ('!', '@', '#')) יוחזר הערך: ['a', 1, '!', 'b', 2, '@', 'c', 3, '#'].\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " ממשו גרסה של generator ל־interleave.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## שובו של קשטן" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " בחנות של אדון קשטן ישנו מילון המכיל את כל המוצרים בחנות, ואת המלאי של כל מוצר.
\n", + " רשמו פונקציה שמקבלת את המוצרים שהתקבלו במשלוח האחרון, ומעדכנת את המלאי של אדון קשטן בהתאם לכך.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + "לדוגמה:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • עבור הקריאה add_inventory({'cheese': 2, 'milk': 1}, cheese=3, chocolate=5)
    \n", + " יוחזר המלאי: {'cheese': 5, 'chocolate': 5, 'milk': 1}\n", + "
    • \n", + "
  • עבור הקריאה add_inventory({'refrigerator': 7, 'goat': 1}, honey=2)
    \n", + " יוחזר המלאי: {'honey': 2, 'refrigerator': 7, 'goat': 1}\n", + "
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## הארי רציונלי אבל לא נורא" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הספרן שהיה בדרכו להביא לי את העותק הנחשק של \"הארי פוטר והשיטה הרציונלית\" מעד.
\n", + " הספרים התעופפו ופרקי הספרים התפזרו לכל עבר.
\n", + " בתיקייה resources מצורף קובץ מכווץ ובו כל פרקי הסיפור, אך למרבה הצער שם הקבצים אינו תואם לתוכן שלהם.
\n", + " שנו את שמו של כל קובץ כך ששמו החדש יהיה מספר תלתַ־ספרתי שמתאר את מספר הפרק, ואחריו את שם הפרק.
\n", + " לדוגמה: עבור הפרק הראשון, שם הקובץ צריך להיות 001 A Day of Very Low Probability.
\n", + " במהלך התרגיל ייתכן שתצטרכו לשלב עבודה עם כמה ספריות, ובהן כאלו שלא למדנו.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • פתחו את קובץ ה־zip ידנית לפני תחילת העבודה, וחלצו ממנו את כל הפרקים של הספר.
    • \n", + "
  • כדי לדמות תרגיל מהעולם האמיתי, הושתלו כמה בעיות שבהן תתקלו לאחר שתריצו את התוכנה שלכם. פתרו אותן בעזרת תכנות.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " טיפ: גבו את הקבצים לפני שתתחילו לעבוד עליהם.
\n", + " רמז: אפשר לפתוח קובצי html ידנית, כקובצי טקסט.
\n", + " רמז 2: כיצד משנים שמות של קבצים באמצעות פייתון?\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "## פרדוקס יום ההולדת" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " מוצגת להלן אחת מהגרסאות של פרדוקס יום ההולדת:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
\n", + " מה הסיכוי שבכיתה שבה 23 תלמידים (חחחחח) יציינו שני תלמידים יום הולדת באותו תאריך?
\n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + "הנחות המוצא שלנו בפתירת הבעיה הן כדלהלן:\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "
    \n", + "
  • הילודה מפוזרת באופן שווה לאורך השנה (היא לא, אבל נדמיין שכן).
    • \n", + "
  • כשאנחנו אומרים \"תאריך\" אנחנו מתכוונים לצירוף של החודש והיום, ללא התייחסות לשנה.
    \n", + " מי שנולד ב־1 במאי 1992 הוא בעל תאריך יום הולדת זהה למי שנולד ב־1 במאי 1995.
    • \n", + "
" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " הפתרון של ה\"פרדוקס\" מפתיע את רוב האנשים ששומעים עליו לראשונה.\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " כתבו תוכנה שמגרילה תאריכי יום הולדת עבור 10,000 כיתות, שבכל אחת מהן לומדים 23 תלמידים.
\n", + " מהו אחוז הכיתות שבהן ציינו 2 ימי הולדת באותו תאריך? השוו עם הפתרון המוצג בוויקיפדיה.
\n", + " דאגו שהפתרון שלכם יתחשב בכך שקיימות שנים מעוברות.
\n", + "

" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "markdown", + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "

\n", + " השתמשו בתוכנה שכתבתם כדי לחשב את הסיכויים עבור כיתות שבהן תלמיד אחד, ועד כיתות ישראליות ממוצעות שבהן 366 תלמידים.\n", + "

" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.7.6" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 2 +} diff --git a/week5/images/deeper.svg b/week5/images/deeper.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b7344f --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/images/deeper.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week5/images/deeper2.svg b/week5/images/deeper2.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c4a5e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/images/deeper2.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/week5/images/exercise.svg b/week5/images/exercise.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21feb9f --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/images/exercise.svg @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pride and Prejudice + +Author: Jane Austen + +Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] +Last Updated: November 12, 2019 + + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** + + + + +Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger + +THERE IS AN ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF THIS TITLE WHICH MAY VIEWED AT EBOOK +[# 42671 ] + +cover + + + + + Pride and Prejudice + + By Jane Austen + + CONTENTS + + Chapter 1 + + Chapter 2 + + Chapter 3 + + Chapter 4 + + Chapter 5 + + Chapter 6 + + Chapter 7 + + Chapter 8 + + Chapter 9 + + Chapter 10 + + Chapter 11 + + Chapter 12 + + Chapter 13 + + Chapter 14 + + Chapter 15 + + Chapter 16 + + Chapter 17 + + Chapter 18 + + Chapter 19 + + Chapter 20 + + Chapter 21 + + Chapter 22 + + Chapter 23 + + Chapter 24 + + Chapter 25 + + Chapter 26 + + Chapter 27 + + Chapter 28 + + Chapter 29 + + Chapter 30 + + Chapter 31 + + Chapter 32 + + Chapter 33 + + Chapter 34 + + Chapter 35 + + Chapter 36 + + Chapter 37 + + Chapter 38 + + Chapter 39 + + Chapter 40 + + Chapter 41 + + Chapter 42 + + Chapter 43 + + Chapter 44 + + Chapter 45 + + Chapter 46 + + Chapter 47 + + Chapter 48 + + Chapter 49 + + Chapter 50 + + Chapter 51 + + Chapter 52 + + Chapter 53 + + Chapter 54 + + Chapter 55 + + Chapter 56 + + Chapter 57 + + Chapter 58 + + Chapter 59 + + Chapter 60 + + Chapter 61 + + + + + Chapter 1 + + It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in + possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. + + However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be + on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well + fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is + considered the rightful property of some one or other of their + daughters. + + “My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “have you + heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?” + + Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. + + “But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and + she told me all about it.” + + Mr. Bennet made no answer. + + “Do you not want to know who has taken it?” cried his wife + impatiently. + + “_You_ want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.” + + This was invitation enough. + + “Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is + taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; + that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the + place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. + Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before + Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by + the end of next week.” + + “What is his name?” + + “Bingley.” + + “Is he married or single?” + + “Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; + four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!” + + “How so? How can it affect them?” + + “My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “how can you be so + tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of + them.” + + “Is that his design in settling here?” + + “Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely + that he _may_ fall in love with one of them, and therefore you + must visit him as soon as he comes.” + + “I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may + send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for + as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you + the best of the party.” + + “My dear, you flatter me. I certainly _have_ had my share of + beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. + When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over + thinking of her own beauty.” + + “In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of.” + + “But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he + comes into the neighbourhood.” + + “It is more than I engage for, I assure you.” + + “But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it + would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are + determined to go, merely on that account, for in general, you + know, they visit no newcomers. Indeed you must go, for it will be + impossible for _us_ to visit him if you do not.” + + “You are over-scrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be + very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to + assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he + chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my + little Lizzy.” + + “I desire you will do no such thing. Lizzy is not a bit better + than the others; and I am sure she is not half so handsome as + Jane, nor half so good-humoured as Lydia. But you are always + giving _her_ the preference.” + + “They have none of them much to recommend them,” replied he; + “they are all silly and ignorant like other girls; but Lizzy has + something more of quickness than her sisters.” + + “Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such a way? + You take delight in vexing me. You have no compassion for my poor + nerves.” + + “You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. + They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with + consideration these last twenty years at least.” + + “Ah, you do not know what I suffer.” + + “But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men + of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood.” + + “It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you + will not visit them.” + + “Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will + visit them all.” + + Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, + reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty + years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his + character. _Her_ mind was less difficult to develop. She was a + woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain + temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. + The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its + solace was visiting and news. + + + + + Chapter 2 + + Mr. Bennet was among the earliest of those who waited on Mr. + Bingley. He had always intended to visit him, though to the last + always assuring his wife that he should not go; and till the + evening after the visit was paid she had no knowledge of it. It + was then disclosed in the following manner. Observing his second + daughter employed in trimming a hat, he suddenly addressed her + with: + + “I hope Mr. Bingley will like it, Lizzy.” + + “We are not in a way to know _what_ Mr. Bingley likes,” said her + mother resentfully, “since we are not to visit.” + + “But you forget, mamma,” said Elizabeth, “that we shall meet him + at the assemblies, and that Mrs. Long promised to introduce him.” + + “I do not believe Mrs. Long will do any such thing. She has two + nieces of her own. She is a selfish, hypocritical woman, and I + have no opinion of her.” + + “No more have I,” said Mr. Bennet; “and I am glad to find that + you do not depend on her serving you.” + + Mrs. Bennet deigned not to make any reply, but, unable to contain + herself, began scolding one of her daughters. + + “Don’t keep coughing so, Kitty, for Heaven’s sake! Have a little + compassion on my nerves. You tear them to pieces.” + + “Kitty has no discretion in her coughs,” said her father; “she + times them ill.” + + “I do not cough for my own amusement,” replied Kitty fretfully. + “When is your next ball to be, Lizzy?” + + “To-morrow fortnight.” + + “Aye, so it is,” cried her mother, “and Mrs. Long does not come + back till the day before; so it will be impossible for her to + introduce him, for she will not know him herself.” + + “Then, my dear, you may have the advantage of your friend, and + introduce Mr. Bingley to _her_.” + + “Impossible, Mr. Bennet, impossible, when I am not acquainted + with him myself; how can you be so teasing?” + + “I honour your circumspection. A fortnight’s acquaintance is + certainly very little. One cannot know what a man really is by + the end of a fortnight. But if _we_ do not venture somebody else + will; and after all, Mrs. Long and her nieces must stand their + chance; and, therefore, as she will think it an act of kindness, + if you decline the office, I will take it on myself.” + + The girls stared at their father. Mrs. Bennet said only, + “Nonsense, nonsense!” + + “What can be the meaning of that emphatic exclamation?” cried he. + “Do you consider the forms of introduction, and the stress that + is laid on them, as nonsense? I cannot quite agree with you + _there_. What say you, Mary? For you are a young lady of deep + reflection, I know, and read great books and make extracts.” + + Mary wished to say something sensible, but knew not how. + + “While Mary is adjusting her ideas,” he continued, “let us return + to Mr. Bingley.” + + “I am sick of Mr. Bingley,” cried his wife. + + “I am sorry to hear _that_; but why did not you tell me that + before? If I had known as much this morning I certainly would not + have called on him. It is very unlucky; but as I have actually + paid the visit, we cannot escape the acquaintance now.” + + The astonishment of the ladies was just what he wished; that of + Mrs. Bennet perhaps surpassing the rest; though, when the first + tumult of joy was over, she began to declare that it was what she + had expected all the while. + + “How good it was in you, my dear Mr. Bennet! But I knew I should + persuade you at last. I was sure you loved your girls too well to + neglect such an acquaintance. Well, how pleased I am! and it is + such a good joke, too, that you should have gone this morning and + never said a word about it till now.” + + “Now, Kitty, you may cough as much as you choose,” said Mr. + Bennet; and, as he spoke, he left the room, fatigued with the + raptures of his wife. + + “What an excellent father you have, girls!” said she, when the + door was shut. “I do not know how you will ever make him amends + for his kindness; or me, either, for that matter. At our time of + life it is not so pleasant, I can tell you, to be making new + acquaintances every day; but for your sakes, we would do + anything. Lydia, my love, though you _are_ the youngest, I dare + say Mr. Bingley will dance with you at the next ball.” + + “Oh!” said Lydia stoutly, “I am not afraid; for though I _am_ the + youngest, I’m the tallest.” + + The rest of the evening was spent in conjecturing how soon he + would return Mr. Bennet’s visit, and determining when they should + ask him to dinner. + + + + + Chapter 3 + + Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however, with the assistance of her + five daughters, could ask on the subject, was sufficient to draw + from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr. Bingley. + They attacked him in various ways—with barefaced questions, + ingenious suppositions, and distant surmises; but he eluded the + skill of them all, and they were at last obliged to accept the + second-hand intelligence of their neighbour, Lady Lucas. Her + report was highly favourable. Sir William had been delighted with + him. He was quite young, wonderfully handsome, extremely + agreeable, and, to crown the whole, he meant to be at the next + assembly with a large party. Nothing could be more delightful! To + be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love; + and very lively hopes of Mr. Bingley’s heart were entertained. + + “If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at + Netherfield,” said Mrs. Bennet to her husband, “and all the + others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for.” + + In a few days Mr. Bingley returned Mr. Bennet’s visit, and sat + about ten minutes with him in his library. He had entertained + hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose + beauty he had heard much; but he saw only the father. The ladies + were somewhat more fortunate, for they had the advantage of + ascertaining from an upper window that he wore a blue coat, and + rode a black horse. + + An invitation to dinner was soon afterwards dispatched; and + already had Mrs. Bennet planned the courses that were to do + credit to her housekeeping, when an answer arrived which deferred + it all. Mr. Bingley was obliged to be in town the following day, + and, consequently, unable to accept the honour of their + invitation, etc. Mrs. Bennet was quite disconcerted. She could + not imagine what business he could have in town so soon after his + arrival in Hertfordshire; and she began to fear that he might be + always flying about from one place to another, and never settled + at Netherfield as he ought to be. Lady Lucas quieted her fears a + little by starting the idea of his being gone to London only to + get a large party for the ball; and a report soon followed that + Mr. Bingley was to bring twelve ladies and seven gentlemen with + him to the assembly. The girls grieved over such a number of + ladies, but were comforted the day before the ball by hearing, + that instead of twelve he brought only six with him from + London—his five sisters and a cousin. And when the party entered + the assembly room it consisted of only five altogether—Mr. + Bingley, his two sisters, the husband of the eldest, and another + young man. + + Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant + countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine + women, with an air of decided fashion. His brother-in-law, Mr. + Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon + drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome + features, noble mien, and the report which was in general + circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having + ten thousand a year. The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine + figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than + Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about + half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned + the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud; to + be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his + large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most + forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be + compared with his friend. + + Mr. Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the + principal people in the room; he was lively and unreserved, + danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and + talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable + qualities must speak for themselves. What a contrast between him + and his friend! Mr. Darcy danced only once with Mrs. Hurst and + once with Miss Bingley, declined being introduced to any other + lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the + room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His + character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man + in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come there + again. Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs. Bennet, + whose dislike of his general behaviour was sharpened into + particular resentment by his having slighted one of her + daughters. + + Elizabeth Bennet had been obliged, by the scarcity of gentlemen, + to sit down for two dances; and during part of that time, Mr. + Darcy had been standing near enough for her to hear a + conversation between him and Mr. Bingley, who came from the dance + for a few minutes, to press his friend to join it. + + “Come, Darcy,” said he, “I must have you dance. I hate to see you + standing about by yourself in this stupid manner. You had much + better dance.” + + “I certainly shall not. You know how I detest it, unless I am + particularly acquainted with my partner. At such an assembly as + this it would be insupportable. Your sisters are engaged, and + there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a + punishment to me to stand up with.” + + “I would not be so fastidious as you are,” cried Mr. Bingley, + “for a kingdom! Upon my honour, I never met with so many pleasant + girls in my life as I have this evening; and there are several of + them you see uncommonly pretty.” + + “_You_ are dancing with the only handsome girl in the room,” said + Mr. Darcy, looking at the eldest Miss Bennet. + + “Oh! She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! But there + is one of her sisters sitting down just behind you, who is very + pretty, and I dare say very agreeable. Do let me ask my partner + to introduce you.” + + “Which do you mean?” and turning round he looked for a moment at + Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly + said: “She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt _me_; I + am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies + who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your + partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with + me.” + + Mr. Bingley followed his advice. Mr. Darcy walked off; and + Elizabeth remained with no very cordial feelings toward him. She + told the story, however, with great spirit among her friends; for + she had a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in + anything ridiculous. + + The evening altogether passed off pleasantly to the whole family. + Mrs. Bennet had seen her eldest daughter much admired by the + Netherfield party. Mr. Bingley had danced with her twice, and she + had been distinguished by his sisters. Jane was as much gratified + by this as her mother could be, though in a quieter way. + Elizabeth felt Jane’s pleasure. Mary had heard herself mentioned + to Miss Bingley as the most accomplished girl in the + neighbourhood; and Catherine and Lydia had been fortunate enough + never to be without partners, which was all that they had yet + learnt to care for at a ball. They returned, therefore, in good + spirits to Longbourn, the village where they lived, and of which + they were the principal inhabitants. They found Mr. Bennet still + up. With a book he was regardless of time; and on the present + occasion he had a good deal of curiosity as to the event of an + evening which had raised such splendid expectations. He had + rather hoped that his wife’s views on the stranger would be + disappointed; but he soon found out that he had a different story + to hear. + + “Oh, my dear Mr. Bennet,” as she entered the room, “we have had a + most delightful evening, a most excellent ball. I wish you had + been there. Jane was so admired, nothing could be like it. + Everybody said how well she looked; and Mr. Bingley thought her + quite beautiful, and danced with her twice! Only think of _that_, + my dear; he actually danced with her twice! and she was the only + creature in the room that he asked a second time. First of all, + he asked Miss Lucas. I was so vexed to see him stand up with her! + But, however, he did not admire her at all; indeed, nobody can, + you know; and he seemed quite struck with Jane as she was going + down the dance. So he inquired who she was, and got introduced, + and asked her for the two next. Then the two third he danced with + Miss King, and the two fourth with Maria Lucas, and the two fifth + with Jane again, and the two sixth with Lizzy, and the + _Boulanger_—” + + “If he had had any compassion for _me_,” cried her husband + impatiently, “he would not have danced half so much! For God’s + sake, say no more of his partners. Oh that he had sprained his + ankle in the first dance!” + + “Oh! my dear, I am quite delighted with him. He is so excessively + handsome! And his sisters are charming women. I never in my life + saw anything more elegant than their dresses. I dare say the lace + upon Mrs. Hurst’s gown—” + + Here she was interrupted again. Mr. Bennet protested against any + description of finery. She was therefore obliged to seek another + branch of the subject, and related, with much bitterness of + spirit and some exaggeration, the shocking rudeness of Mr. Darcy. + + “But I can assure you,” she added, “that Lizzy does not lose much + by not suiting _his_ fancy; for he is a most disagreeable, horrid + man, not at all worth pleasing. So high and so conceited that + there was no enduring him! He walked here, and he walked there, + fancying himself so very great! Not handsome enough to dance + with! I wish you had been there, my dear, to have given him one + of your set-downs. I quite detest the man.” + + + + + Chapter 4 + + When Jane and Elizabeth were alone, the former, who had been + cautious in her praise of Mr. Bingley before, expressed to her + sister just how very much she admired him. + + “He is just what a young man ought to be,” said she, “sensible, + good-humoured, lively; and I never saw such happy manners!—so + much ease, with such perfect good breeding!” + + “He is also handsome,” replied Elizabeth, “which a young man + ought likewise to be, if he possibly can. His character is + thereby complete.” + + “I was very much flattered by his asking me to dance a second + time. I did not expect such a compliment.” + + “Did not you? _I_ did for you. But that is one great difference + between us. Compliments always take _you_ by surprise, and _me_ + never. What could be more natural than his asking you again? He + could not help seeing that you were about five times as pretty as + every other woman in the room. No thanks to his gallantry for + that. Well, he certainly is very agreeable, and I give you leave + to like him. You have liked many a stupider person.” + + “Dear Lizzy!” + + “Oh! you are a great deal too apt, you know, to like people in + general. You never see a fault in anybody. All the world are good + and agreeable in your eyes. I never heard you speak ill of a + human being in your life.” + + “I would not wish to be hasty in censuring anyone; but I always + speak what I think.” + + “I know you do; and it is _that_ which makes the wonder. With + _your_ good sense, to be so honestly blind to the follies and + nonsense of others! Affectation of candour is common enough—one + meets with it everywhere. But to be candid without ostentation or + design—to take the good of everybody’s character and make it + still better, and say nothing of the bad—belongs to you alone. + And so you like this man’s sisters, too, do you? Their manners + are not equal to his.” + + “Certainly not—at first. But they are very pleasing women when + you converse with them. Miss Bingley is to live with her brother, + and keep his house; and I am much mistaken if we shall not find a + very charming neighbour in her.” + + Elizabeth listened in silence, but was not convinced; their + behaviour at the assembly had not been calculated to please in + general; and with more quickness of observation and less pliancy + of temper than her sister, and with a judgement too unassailed by + any attention to herself, she was very little disposed to approve + them. They were in fact very fine ladies; not deficient in good + humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of making + themselves agreeable when they chose it, but proud and conceited. + They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first + private seminaries in town, had a fortune of twenty thousand + pounds, were in the habit of spending more than they ought, and + of associating with people of rank, and were therefore in every + respect entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly of + others. They were of a respectable family in the north of + England; a circumstance more deeply impressed on their memories + than that their brother’s fortune and their own had been acquired + by trade. + + Mr. Bingley inherited property to the amount of nearly a hundred + thousand pounds from his father, who had intended to purchase an + estate, but did not live to do it. Mr. Bingley intended it + likewise, and sometimes made choice of his county; but as he was + now provided with a good house and the liberty of a manor, it was + doubtful to many of those who best knew the easiness of his + temper, whether he might not spend the remainder of his days at + Netherfield, and leave the next generation to purchase. + + His sisters were anxious for his having an estate of his own; + but, though he was now only established as a tenant, Miss Bingley + was by no means unwilling to preside at his table—nor was Mrs. + Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, less + disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her. + Mr. Bingley had not been of age two years, when he was tempted by + an accidental recommendation to look at Netherfield House. He did + look at it, and into it for half-an-hour—was pleased with the + situation and the principal rooms, satisfied with what the owner + said in its praise, and took it immediately. + + Between him and Darcy there was a very steady friendship, in + spite of great opposition of character. Bingley was endeared to + Darcy by the easiness, openness, and ductility of his temper, + though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own, + and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied. On the + strength of Darcy’s regard, Bingley had the firmest reliance, and + of his judgement the highest opinion. In understanding, Darcy was + the superior. Bingley was by no means deficient, but Darcy was + clever. He was at the same time haughty, reserved, and + fastidious, and his manners, though well-bred, were not inviting. + In that respect his friend had greatly the advantage. Bingley was + sure of being liked wherever he appeared, Darcy was continually + giving offense. + + The manner in which they spoke of the Meryton assembly was + sufficiently characteristic. Bingley had never met with more + pleasant people or prettier girls in his life; everybody had been + most kind and attentive to him; there had been no formality, no + stiffness; he had soon felt acquainted with all the room; and, as + to Miss Bennet, he could not conceive an angel more beautiful. + Darcy, on the contrary, had seen a collection of people in whom + there was little beauty and no fashion, for none of whom he had + felt the smallest interest, and from none received either + attention or pleasure. Miss Bennet he acknowledged to be pretty, + but she smiled too much. + + Mrs. Hurst and her sister allowed it to be so—but still they + admired her and liked her, and pronounced her to be a sweet girl, + and one whom they would not object to know more of. Miss Bennet + was therefore established as a sweet girl, and their brother felt + authorized by such commendation to think of her as he chose. + + + + + Chapter 5 + + Within a short walk of Longbourn lived a family with whom the + Bennets were particularly intimate. Sir William Lucas had been + formerly in trade in Meryton, where he had made a tolerable + fortune, and risen to the honour of knighthood by an address to + the king during his mayoralty. The distinction had perhaps been + felt too strongly. It had given him a disgust to his business, + and to his residence in a small market town; and, in quitting + them both, he had removed with his family to a house about a mile + from Meryton, denominated from that period Lucas Lodge, where he + could think with pleasure of his own importance, and, unshackled + by business, occupy himself solely in being civil to all the + world. For, though elated by his rank, it did not render him + supercilious; on the contrary, he was all attention to everybody. + By nature inoffensive, friendly, and obliging, his presentation + at St. James’s had made him courteous. + + Lady Lucas was a very good kind of woman, not too clever to be a + valuable neighbour to Mrs. Bennet. They had several children. The + eldest of them, a sensible, intelligent young woman, about + twenty-seven, was Elizabeth’s intimate friend. + + That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk + over a ball was absolutely necessary; and the morning after the + assembly brought the former to Longbourn to hear and to + communicate. + + “_You_ began the evening well, Charlotte,” said Mrs. Bennet with + civil self-command to Miss Lucas. “_You_ were Mr. Bingley’s first + choice.” + + “Yes; but he seemed to like his second better.” + + “Oh! you mean Jane, I suppose, because he danced with her twice. + To be sure that _did_ seem as if he admired her—indeed I rather + believe he _did_—I heard something about it—but I hardly know + what—something about Mr. Robinson.” + + “Perhaps you mean what I overheard between him and Mr. Robinson; + did not I mention it to you? Mr. Robinson’s asking him how he + liked our Meryton assemblies, and whether he did not think there + were a great many pretty women in the room, and _which_ he + thought the prettiest? and his answering immediately to the last + question: ‘Oh! the eldest Miss Bennet, beyond a doubt; there + cannot be two opinions on that point.’” + + “Upon my word! Well, that is very decided indeed—that does seem + as if—but, however, it may all come to nothing, you know.” + + “_My_ overhearings were more to the purpose than _yours_, Eliza,” + said Charlotte. “Mr. Darcy is not so well worth listening to as + his friend, is he?—poor Eliza!—to be only just _tolerable_.” + + “I beg you would not put it into Lizzy’s head to be vexed by his + ill-treatment, for he is such a disagreeable man, that it would + be quite a misfortune to be liked by him. Mrs. Long told me last + night that he sat close to her for half-an-hour without once + opening his lips.” + + “Are you quite sure, ma’am?—is not there a little mistake?” said + Jane. “I certainly saw Mr. Darcy speaking to her.” + + “Aye—because she asked him at last how he liked Netherfield, and + he could not help answering her; but she said he seemed quite + angry at being spoke to.” + + “Miss Bingley told me,” said Jane, “that he never speaks much, + unless among his intimate acquaintances. With _them_ he is + remarkably agreeable.” + + “I do not believe a word of it, my dear. If he had been so very + agreeable, he would have talked to Mrs. Long. But I can guess how + it was; everybody says that he is eat up with pride, and I dare + say he had heard somehow that Mrs. Long does not keep a carriage, + and had come to the ball in a hack chaise.” + + “I do not mind his not talking to Mrs. Long,” said Miss Lucas, + “but I wish he had danced with Eliza.” + + “Another time, Lizzy,” said her mother, “I would not dance with + _him_, if I were you.” + + “I believe, ma’am, I may safely promise you _never_ to dance with + him.” + + “His pride,” said Miss Lucas, “does not offend _me_ so much as + pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot + wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, + everything in his favour, should think highly of himself. If I + may so express it, he has a _right_ to be proud.” + + “That is very true,” replied Elizabeth, “and I could easily + forgive _his_ pride, if he had not mortified _mine_.” + + “Pride,” observed Mary, who piqued herself upon the solidity of + her reflections, “is a very common failing, I believe. By all + that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is very common + indeed; that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that + there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of + self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, real or + imaginary. Vanity and pride are different things, though the + words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without + being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, + vanity to what we would have others think of us.” + + “If I were as rich as Mr. Darcy,” cried a young Lucas, who came + with his sisters, “I should not care how proud I was. I would + keep a pack of foxhounds, and drink a bottle of wine a day.” + + “Then you would drink a great deal more than you ought,” said + Mrs. Bennet; “and if I were to see you at it, I should take away + your bottle directly.” + + The boy protested that she should not; she continued to declare + that she would, and the argument ended only with the visit. + + + + + Chapter 6 + + The ladies of Longbourn soon waited on those of Netherfield. The + visit was soon returned in due form. Miss Bennet’s pleasing + manners grew on the goodwill of Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley; and + though the mother was found to be intolerable, and the younger + sisters not worth speaking to, a wish of being better acquainted + with _them_ was expressed towards the two eldest. By Jane, this + attention was received with the greatest pleasure, but Elizabeth + still saw superciliousness in their treatment of everybody, + hardly excepting even her sister, and could not like them; though + their kindness to Jane, such as it was, had a value as arising in + all probability from the influence of their brother’s admiration. + It was generally evident whenever they met, that he _did_ admire + her and to _her_ it was equally evident that Jane was yielding to + the preference which she had begun to entertain for him from the + first, and was in a way to be very much in love; but she + considered with pleasure that it was not likely to be discovered + by the world in general, since Jane united, with great strength + of feeling, a composure of temper and a uniform cheerfulness of + manner which would guard her from the suspicions of the + impertinent. She mentioned this to her friend Miss Lucas. + + “It may perhaps be pleasant,” replied Charlotte, “to be able to + impose on the public in such a case; but it is sometimes a + disadvantage to be so very guarded. If a woman conceals her + affection with the same skill from the object of it, she may lose + the opportunity of fixing him; and it will then be but poor + consolation to believe the world equally in the dark. There is so + much of gratitude or vanity in almost every attachment, that it + is not safe to leave any to itself. We can all _begin_ freely—a + slight preference is natural enough; but there are very few of us + who have heart enough to be really in love without encouragement. + In nine cases out of ten a woman had better show _more_ affection + than she feels. Bingley likes your sister undoubtedly; but he may + never do more than like her, if she does not help him on.” + + “But she does help him on, as much as her nature will allow. If + _I_ can perceive her regard for him, he must be a simpleton, + indeed, not to discover it too.” + + “Remember, Eliza, that he does not know Jane’s disposition as you + do.” + + “But if a woman is partial to a man, and does not endeavour to + conceal it, he must find it out.” + + “Perhaps he must, if he sees enough of her. But, though Bingley + and Jane meet tolerably often, it is never for many hours + together; and, as they always see each other in large mixed + parties, it is impossible that every moment should be employed in + conversing together. Jane should therefore make the most of every + half-hour in which she can command his attention. When she is + secure of him, there will be more leisure for falling in love as + much as she chooses.” + + “Your plan is a good one,” replied Elizabeth, “where nothing is + in question but the desire of being well married, and if I were + determined to get a rich husband, or any husband, I dare say I + should adopt it. But these are not Jane’s feelings; she is not + acting by design. As yet, she cannot even be certain of the + degree of her own regard nor of its reasonableness. She has known + him only a fortnight. She danced four dances with him at Meryton; + she saw him one morning at his own house, and has since dined + with him in company four times. This is not quite enough to make + her understand his character.” + + “Not as you represent it. Had she merely _dined_ with him, she + might only have discovered whether he had a good appetite; but + you must remember that four evenings have also been spent + together—and four evenings may do a great deal.” + + “Yes; these four evenings have enabled them to ascertain that + they both like Vingt-un better than Commerce; but with respect to + any other leading characteristic, I do not imagine that much has + been unfolded.” + + “Well,” said Charlotte, “I wish Jane success with all my heart; + and if she were married to him to-morrow, I should think she had + as good a chance of happiness as if she were to be studying his + character for a twelvemonth. Happiness in marriage is entirely a + matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so + well known to each other or ever so similar beforehand, it does + not advance their felicity in the least. They always continue to + grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of + vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the + defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life.” + + “You make me laugh, Charlotte; but it is not sound. You know it + is not sound, and that you would never act in this way yourself.” + + Occupied in observing Mr. Bingley’s attentions to her sister, + Elizabeth was far from suspecting that she was herself becoming + an object of some interest in the eyes of his friend. Mr. Darcy + had at first scarcely allowed her to be pretty; he had looked at + her without admiration at the ball; and when they next met, he + looked at her only to criticise. But no sooner had he made it + clear to himself and his friends that she hardly had a good + feature in her face, than he began to find it was rendered + uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark + eyes. To this discovery succeeded some others equally mortifying. + Though he had detected with a critical eye more than one failure + of perfect symmetry in her form, he was forced to acknowledge her + figure to be light and pleasing; and in spite of his asserting + that her manners were not those of the fashionable world, he was + caught by their easy playfulness. Of this she was perfectly + unaware; to her he was only the man who made himself agreeable + nowhere, and who had not thought her handsome enough to dance + with. + + He began to wish to know more of her, and as a step towards + conversing with her himself, attended to her conversation with + others. His doing so drew her notice. It was at Sir William + Lucas’s, where a large party were assembled. + + “What does Mr. Darcy mean,” said she to Charlotte, “by listening + to my conversation with Colonel Forster?” + + “That is a question which Mr. Darcy only can answer.” + + “But if he does it any more I shall certainly let him know that I + see what he is about. He has a very satirical eye, and if I do + not begin by being impertinent myself, I shall soon grow afraid + of him.” + + On his approaching them soon afterwards, though without seeming + to have any intention of speaking, Miss Lucas defied her friend + to mention such a subject to him; which immediately provoking + Elizabeth to do it, she turned to him and said: + + “Did you not think, Mr. Darcy, that I expressed myself uncommonly + well just now, when I was teasing Colonel Forster to give us a + ball at Meryton?” + + “With great energy; but it is always a subject which makes a lady + energetic.” + + “You are severe on us.” + + “It will be _her_ turn soon to be teased,” said Miss Lucas. “I am + going to open the instrument, Eliza, and you know what follows.” + + “You are a very strange creature by way of a friend!—always + wanting me to play and sing before anybody and everybody! If my + vanity had taken a musical turn, you would have been invaluable; + but as it is, I would really rather not sit down before those who + must be in the habit of hearing the very best performers.” On + Miss Lucas’s persevering, however, she added, “Very well, if it + must be so, it must.” And gravely glancing at Mr. Darcy, “There + is a fine old saying, which everybody here is of course familiar + with: ‘Keep your breath to cool your porridge’; and I shall keep + mine to swell my song.” + + Her performance was pleasing, though by no means capital. After a + song or two, and before she could reply to the entreaties of + several that she would sing again, she was eagerly succeeded at + the instrument by her sister Mary, who having, in consequence of + being the only plain one in the family, worked hard for knowledge + and accomplishments, was always impatient for display. + + Mary had neither genius nor taste; and though vanity had given + her application, it had given her likewise a pedantic air and + conceited manner, which would have injured a higher degree of + excellence than she had reached. Elizabeth, easy and unaffected, + had been listened to with much more pleasure, though not playing + half so well; and Mary, at the end of a long concerto, was glad + to purchase praise and gratitude by Scotch and Irish airs, at the + request of her younger sisters, who, with some of the Lucases, + and two or three officers, joined eagerly in dancing at one end + of the room. + + Mr. Darcy stood near them in silent indignation at such a mode of + passing the evening, to the exclusion of all conversation, and + was too much engrossed by his thoughts to perceive that Sir + William Lucas was his neighbour, till Sir William thus began: + + “What a charming amusement for young people this is, Mr. Darcy! + There is nothing like dancing after all. I consider it as one of + the first refinements of polished society.” + + “Certainly, sir; and it has the advantage also of being in vogue + amongst the less polished societies of the world. Every savage + can dance.” + + Sir William only smiled. “Your friend performs delightfully,” he + continued after a pause, on seeing Bingley join the group; “and I + doubt not that you are an adept in the science yourself, Mr. + Darcy.” + + “You saw me dance at Meryton, I believe, sir.” + + “Yes, indeed, and received no inconsiderable pleasure from the + sight. Do you often dance at St. James’s?” + + “Never, sir.” + + “Do you not think it would be a proper compliment to the place?” + + “It is a compliment which I never pay to any place if I can avoid + it.” + + “You have a house in town, I conclude?” + + Mr. Darcy bowed. + + “I had once had some thought of fixing in town myself—for I am + fond of superior society; but I did not feel quite certain that + the air of London would agree with Lady Lucas.” + + He paused in hopes of an answer; but his companion was not + disposed to make any; and Elizabeth at that instant moving + towards them, he was struck with the action of doing a very + gallant thing, and called out to her: + + “My dear Miss Eliza, why are you not dancing? Mr. Darcy, you must + allow me to present this young lady to you as a very desirable + partner. You cannot refuse to dance, I am sure when so much + beauty is before you.” And, taking her hand, he would have given + it to Mr. Darcy who, though extremely surprised, was not + unwilling to receive it, when she instantly drew back, and said + with some discomposure to Sir William: + + “Indeed, sir, I have not the least intention of dancing. I + entreat you not to suppose that I moved this way in order to beg + for a partner.” + + Mr. Darcy, with grave propriety, requested to be allowed the + honour of her hand, but in vain. Elizabeth was determined; nor + did Sir William at all shake her purpose by his attempt at + persuasion. + + “You excel so much in the dance, Miss Eliza, that it is cruel to + deny me the happiness of seeing you; and though this gentleman + dislikes the amusement in general, he can have no objection, I am + sure, to oblige us for one half-hour.” + + “Mr. Darcy is all politeness,” said Elizabeth, smiling. + + “He is, indeed; but, considering the inducement, my dear Miss + Eliza, we cannot wonder at his complaisance—for who would object + to such a partner?” + + Elizabeth looked archly, and turned away. Her resistance had not + injured her with the gentleman, and he was thinking of her with + some complacency, when thus accosted by Miss Bingley: + + “I can guess the subject of your reverie.” + + “I should imagine not.” + + “You are considering how insupportable it would be to pass many + evenings in this manner—in such society; and indeed I am quite of + your opinion. I was never more annoyed! The insipidity, and yet + the noise—the nothingness, and yet the self-importance of all + those people! What would I give to hear your strictures on them!” + + “Your conjecture is totally wrong, I assure you. My mind was more + agreeably engaged. I have been meditating on the very great + pleasure which a pair of fine eyes in the face of a pretty woman + can bestow.” + + Miss Bingley immediately fixed her eyes on his face, and desired + he would tell her what lady had the credit of inspiring such + reflections. Mr. Darcy replied with great intrepidity: + + “Miss Elizabeth Bennet.” + + “Miss Elizabeth Bennet!” repeated Miss Bingley. “I am all + astonishment. How long has she been such a favourite?—and pray, + when am I to wish you joy?” + + “That is exactly the question which I expected you to ask. A + lady’s imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to + love, from love to matrimony, in a moment. I knew you would be + wishing me joy.” + + “Nay, if you are serious about it, I shall consider the matter is + absolutely settled. You will be having a charming mother-in-law, + indeed; and, of course, she will always be at Pemberley with + you.” + + He listened to her with perfect indifference while she chose to + entertain herself in this manner; and as his composure convinced + her that all was safe, her wit flowed long. + + + + + Chapter 7 + + Mr. Bennet’s property consisted almost entirely in an estate of + two thousand a year, which, unfortunately for his daughters, was + entailed, in default of heirs male, on a distant relation; and + their mother’s fortune, though ample for her situation in life, + could but ill supply the deficiency of his. Her father had been + an attorney in Meryton, and had left her four thousand pounds. + + She had a sister married to a Mr. Phillips, who had been a clerk + to their father and succeeded him in the business, and a brother + settled in London in a respectable line of trade. + + The village of Longbourn was only one mile from Meryton; a most + convenient distance for the young ladies, who were usually + tempted thither three or four times a week, to pay their duty to + their aunt and to a milliner’s shop just over the way. The two + youngest of the family, Catherine and Lydia, were particularly + frequent in these attentions; their minds were more vacant than + their sisters’, and when nothing better offered, a walk to + Meryton was necessary to amuse their morning hours and furnish + conversation for the evening; and however bare of news the + country in general might be, they always contrived to learn some + from their aunt. At present, indeed, they were well supplied both + with news and happiness by the recent arrival of a militia + regiment in the neighbourhood; it was to remain the whole winter, + and Meryton was the headquarters. + + Their visits to Mrs. Phillips were now productive of the most + interesting intelligence. Every day added something to their + knowledge of the officers’ names and connections. Their lodgings + were not long a secret, and at length they began to know the + officers themselves. Mr. Phillips visited them all, and this + opened to his nieces a store of felicity unknown before. They + could talk of nothing but officers; and Mr. Bingley’s large + fortune, the mention of which gave animation to their mother, was + worthless in their eyes when opposed to the regimentals of an + ensign. + + After listening one morning to their effusions on this subject, + Mr. Bennet coolly observed: + + “From all that I can collect by your manner of talking, you must + be two of the silliest girls in the country. I have suspected it + some time, but I am now convinced.” + + Catherine was disconcerted, and made no answer; but Lydia, with + perfect indifference, continued to express her admiration of + Captain Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the course of the + day, as he was going the next morning to London. + + “I am astonished, my dear,” said Mrs. Bennet, “that you should be + so ready to think your own children silly. If I wished to think + slightingly of anybody’s children, it should not be of my own, + however.” + + “If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of + it.” + + “Yes—but as it happens, they are all of them very clever.” + + “This is the only point, I flatter myself, on which we do not + agree. I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every + particular, but I must so far differ from you as to think our two + youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.” + + “My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the + sense of their father and mother. When they get to our age, I + dare say they will not think about officers any more than we do. + I remember the time when I liked a red coat myself very well—and, + indeed, so I do still at my heart; and if a smart young colonel, + with five or six thousand a year, should want one of my girls I + shall not say nay to him; and I thought Colonel Forster looked + very becoming the other night at Sir William’s in his + regimentals.” + + “Mamma,” cried Lydia, “my aunt says that Colonel Forster and + Captain Carter do not go so often to Miss Watson’s as they did + when they first came; she sees them now very often standing in + Clarke’s library.” + + Mrs. Bennet was prevented replying by the entrance of the footman + with a note for Miss Bennet; it came from Netherfield, and the + servant waited for an answer. Mrs. Bennet’s eyes sparkled with + pleasure, and she was eagerly calling out, while her daughter + read, + + “Well, Jane, who is it from? What is it about? What does he say? + Well, Jane, make haste and tell us; make haste, my love.” + + “It is from Miss Bingley,” said Jane, and then read it aloud. + + “MY DEAR FRIEND,— + “If you are not so compassionate as to dine to-day with Louisa + and me, we shall be in danger of hating each other for the rest + of our lives, for a whole day’s _tête-à-tête_ between two women + can never end without a quarrel. Come as soon as you can on + receipt of this. My brother and the gentlemen are to dine with + the officers.—Yours ever, + + “CAROLINE BINGLEY” + + “With the officers!” cried Lydia. “I wonder my aunt did not tell + us of _that_.” + + “Dining out,” said Mrs. Bennet, “that is very unlucky.” + + “Can I have the carriage?” said Jane. + + “No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems + likely to rain; and then you must stay all night.” + + “That would be a good scheme,” said Elizabeth, “if you were sure + that they would not offer to send her home.” + + “Oh! but the gentlemen will have Mr. Bingley’s chaise to go to + Meryton, and the Hursts have no horses to theirs.” + + “I had much rather go in the coach.” + + “But, my dear, your father cannot spare the horses, I am sure. + They are wanted in the farm, Mr. Bennet, are they not?” + + “They are wanted in the farm much oftener than I can get them.” + + “But if you have got them to-day,” said Elizabeth, “my mother’s + purpose will be answered.” + + She did at last extort from her father an acknowledgment that the + horses were engaged. Jane was therefore obliged to go on + horseback, and her mother attended her to the door with many + cheerful prognostics of a bad day. Her hopes were answered; Jane + had not been gone long before it rained hard. Her sisters were + uneasy for her, but her mother was delighted. The rain continued + the whole evening without intermission; Jane certainly could not + come back. + + “This was a lucky idea of mine, indeed!” said Mrs. Bennet more + than once, as if the credit of making it rain were all her own. + Till the next morning, however, she was not aware of all the + felicity of her contrivance. Breakfast was scarcely over when a + servant from Netherfield brought the following note for + Elizabeth: + + “MY DEAREST LIZZY,— + “I find myself very unwell this morning, which, I suppose, is to + be imputed to my getting wet through yesterday. My kind friends + will not hear of my returning till I am better. They insist also + on my seeing Mr. Jones—therefore do not be alarmed if you should + hear of his having been to me—and, excepting a sore throat and + headache, there is not much the matter with me.—Yours, etc.” + + “Well, my dear,” said Mr. Bennet, when Elizabeth had read the + note aloud, “if your daughter should have a dangerous fit of + illness—if she should die, it would be a comfort to know that it + was all in pursuit of Mr. Bingley, and under your orders.” + + “Oh! I am not afraid of her dying. People do not die of little + trifling colds. She will be taken good care of. As long as she + stays there, it is all very well. I would go and see her if I + could have the carriage.” + + Elizabeth, feeling really anxious, was determined to go to her, + though the carriage was not to be had; and as she was no + horsewoman, walking was her only alternative. She declared her + resolution. + + “How can you be so silly,” cried her mother, “as to think of such + a thing, in all this dirt! You will not be fit to be seen when + you get there.” + + “I shall be very fit to see Jane—which is all I want.” + + “Is this a hint to me, Lizzy,” said her father, “to send for the + horses?” + + “No, indeed, I do not wish to avoid the walk. The distance is + nothing when one has a motive; only three miles. I shall be back + by dinner.” + + “I admire the activity of your benevolence,” observed Mary, “but + every impulse of feeling should be guided by reason; and, in my + opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is + required.” + + “We will go as far as Meryton with you,” said Catherine and + Lydia. Elizabeth accepted their company, and the three young + ladies set off together. + + “If we make haste,” said Lydia, as they walked along, “perhaps we + may see something of Captain Carter before he goes.” + + In Meryton they parted; the two youngest repaired to the lodgings + of one of the officers’ wives, and Elizabeth continued her walk + alone, crossing field after field at a quick pace, jumping over + stiles and springing over puddles with impatient activity, and + finding herself at last within view of the house, with weary + ankles, dirty stockings, and a face glowing with the warmth of + exercise. + + She was shown into the breakfast-parlour, where all but Jane were + assembled, and where her appearance created a great deal of + surprise. That she should have walked three miles so early in the + day, in such dirty weather, and by herself, was almost incredible + to Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley; and Elizabeth was convinced that + they held her in contempt for it. She was received, however, very + politely by them; and in their brother’s manners there was + something better than politeness; there was good humour and + kindness. Mr. Darcy said very little, and Mr. Hurst nothing at + all. The former was divided between admiration of the brilliancy + which exercise had given to her complexion, and doubt as to the + occasion’s justifying her coming so far alone. The latter was + thinking only of his breakfast. + + Her inquiries after her sister were not very favourably answered. + Miss Bennet had slept ill, and though up, was very feverish, and + not well enough to leave her room. Elizabeth was glad to be taken + to her immediately; and Jane, who had only been withheld by the + fear of giving alarm or inconvenience from expressing in her note + how much she longed for such a visit, was delighted at her + entrance. She was not equal, however, to much conversation, and + when Miss Bingley left them together, could attempt little + besides expressions of gratitude for the extraordinary kindness + she was treated with. Elizabeth silently attended her. + + When breakfast was over they were joined by the sisters; and + Elizabeth began to like them herself, when she saw how much + affection and solicitude they showed for Jane. The apothecary + came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be + supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must + endeavour to get the better of it; advised her to return to bed, + and promised her some draughts. The advice was followed readily, + for the feverish symptoms increased, and her head ached acutely. + Elizabeth did not quit her room for a moment; nor were the other + ladies often absent; the gentlemen being out, they had, in fact, + nothing to do elsewhere. + + When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and + very unwillingly said so. Miss Bingley offered her the carriage, + and she only wanted a little pressing to accept it, when Jane + testified such concern in parting with her, that Miss Bingley was + obliged to convert the offer of the chaise to an invitation to + remain at Netherfield for the present. Elizabeth most thankfully + consented, and a servant was dispatched to Longbourn to acquaint + the family with her stay and bring back a supply of clothes. + + + + + Chapter 8 + + At five o’clock the two ladies retired to dress, and at half-past + six Elizabeth was summoned to dinner. To the civil inquiries + which then poured in, and amongst which she had the pleasure of + distinguishing the much superior solicitude of Mr. Bingley’s, she + could not make a very favourable answer. Jane was by no means + better. The sisters, on hearing this, repeated three or four + times how much they were grieved, how shocking it was to have a + bad cold, and how excessively they disliked being ill themselves; + and then thought no more of the matter: and their indifference + towards Jane when not immediately before them restored Elizabeth + to the enjoyment of all her former dislike. + + Their brother, indeed, was the only one of the party whom she + could regard with any complacency. His anxiety for Jane was + evident, and his attentions to herself most pleasing, and they + prevented her feeling herself so much an intruder as she believed + she was considered by the others. She had very little notice from + any but him. Miss Bingley was engrossed by Mr. Darcy, her sister + scarcely less so; and as for Mr. Hurst, by whom Elizabeth sat, he + was an indolent man, who lived only to eat, drink, and play at + cards; who, when he found her to prefer a plain dish to a ragout, + had nothing to say to her. + + When dinner was over, she returned directly to Jane, and Miss + Bingley began abusing her as soon as she was out of the room. Her + manners were pronounced to be very bad indeed, a mixture of pride + and impertinence; she had no conversation, no style, no beauty. + Mrs. Hurst thought the same, and added: + + “She has nothing, in short, to recommend her, but being an + excellent walker. I shall never forget her appearance this + morning. She really looked almost wild.” + + “She did, indeed, Louisa. I could hardly keep my countenance. + Very nonsensical to come at all! Why must _she_ be scampering + about the country, because her sister had a cold? Her hair, so + untidy, so blowsy!” + + “Yes, and her petticoat; I hope you saw her petticoat, six inches + deep in mud, I am absolutely certain; and the gown which had been + let down to hide it not doing its office.” + + “Your picture may be very exact, Louisa,” said Bingley; “but this + was all lost upon me. I thought Miss Elizabeth Bennet looked + remarkably well when she came into the room this morning. Her + dirty petticoat quite escaped my notice.” + + “_You_ observed it, Mr. Darcy, I am sure,” said Miss Bingley; + “and I am inclined to think that you would not wish to see _your + sister_ make such an exhibition.” + + “Certainly not.” + + “To walk three miles, or four miles, or five miles, or whatever + it is, above her ankles in dirt, and alone, quite alone! What + could she mean by it? It seems to me to show an abominable sort + of conceited independence, a most country-town indifference to + decorum.” + + “It shows an affection for her sister that is very pleasing,” + said Bingley. + + “I am afraid, Mr. Darcy,” observed Miss Bingley in a half + whisper, “that this adventure has rather affected your admiration + of her fine eyes.” + + “Not at all,” he replied; “they were brightened by the exercise.” + A short pause followed this speech, and Mrs. Hurst began again: + + “I have an excessive regard for Miss Jane Bennet, she is really a + very sweet girl, and I wish with all my heart she were well + settled. But with such a father and mother, and such low + connections, I am afraid there is no chance of it.” + + “I think I have heard you say that their uncle is an attorney in + Meryton.” + + “Yes; and they have another, who lives somewhere near Cheapside.” + + “That is capital,” added her sister, and they both laughed + heartily. + + “If they had uncles enough to fill _all_ Cheapside,” cried + Bingley, “it would not make them one jot less agreeable.” + + “But it must very materially lessen their chance of marrying men + of any consideration in the world,” replied Darcy. + + To this speech Bingley made no answer; but his sisters gave it + their hearty assent, and indulged their mirth for some time at + the expense of their dear friend’s vulgar relations. + + With a renewal of tenderness, however, they returned to her room + on leaving the dining-parlour, and sat with her till summoned to + coffee. She was still very poorly, and Elizabeth would not quit + her at all, till late in the evening, when she had the comfort of + seeing her sleep, and when it seemed to her rather right than + pleasant that she should go downstairs herself. On entering the + drawing-room she found the whole party at loo, and was + immediately invited to join them; but suspecting them to be + playing high she declined it, and making her sister the excuse, + said she would amuse herself for the short time she could stay + below, with a book. Mr. Hurst looked at her with astonishment. + + “Do you prefer reading to cards?” said he; “that is rather + singular.” + + “Miss Eliza Bennet,” said Miss Bingley, “despises cards. She is a + great reader, and has no pleasure in anything else.” + + “I deserve neither such praise nor such censure,” cried + Elizabeth; “I am _not_ a great reader, and I have pleasure in + many things.” + + “In nursing your sister I am sure you have pleasure,” said + Bingley; “and I hope it will be soon increased by seeing her + quite well.” + + Elizabeth thanked him from her heart, and then walked towards the + table where a few books were lying. He immediately offered to + fetch her others—all that his library afforded. + + “And I wish my collection were larger for your benefit and my own + credit; but I am an idle fellow, and though I have not many, I + have more than I ever looked into.” + + Elizabeth assured him that she could suit herself perfectly with + those in the room. + + “I am astonished,” said Miss Bingley, “that my father should have + left so small a collection of books. What a delightful library + you have at Pemberley, Mr. Darcy!” + + “It ought to be good,” he replied, “it has been the work of many + generations.” + + “And then you have added so much to it yourself, you are always + buying books.” + + “I cannot comprehend the neglect of a family library in such days + as these.” + + “Neglect! I am sure you neglect nothing that can add to the + beauties of that noble place. Charles, when you build _your_ + house, I wish it may be half as delightful as Pemberley.” + + “I wish it may.” + + “But I would really advise you to make your purchase in that + neighbourhood, and take Pemberley for a kind of model. There is + not a finer county in England than Derbyshire.” + + “With all my heart; I will buy Pemberley itself if Darcy will + sell it.” + + “I am talking of possibilities, Charles.” + + “Upon my word, Caroline, I should think it more possible to get + Pemberley by purchase than by imitation.” + + Elizabeth was so much caught with what passed, as to leave her + very little attention for her book; and soon laying it wholly + aside, she drew near the card-table, and stationed herself + between Mr. Bingley and his eldest sister, to observe the game. + + “Is Miss Darcy much grown since the spring?” said Miss Bingley; + “will she be as tall as I am?” + + “I think she will. She is now about Miss Elizabeth Bennet’s + height, or rather taller.” + + “How I long to see her again! I never met with anybody who + delighted me so much. Such a countenance, such manners! And so + extremely accomplished for her age! Her performance on the + pianoforte is exquisite.” + + “It is amazing to me,” said Bingley, “how young ladies can have + patience to be so very accomplished as they all are.” + + “All young ladies accomplished! My dear Charles, what do you + mean?” + + “Yes, all of them, I think. They all paint tables, cover screens, + and net purses. I scarcely know anyone who cannot do all this, + and I am sure I never heard a young lady spoken of for the first + time, without being informed that she was very accomplished.” + + “Your list of the common extent of accomplishments,” said Darcy, + “has too much truth. The word is applied to many a woman who + deserves it no otherwise than by netting a purse or covering a + screen. But I am very far from agreeing with you in your + estimation of ladies in general. I cannot boast of knowing more + than half-a-dozen, in the whole range of my acquaintance, that + are really accomplished.” + + “Nor I, I am sure,” said Miss Bingley. + + “Then,” observed Elizabeth, “you must comprehend a great deal in + your idea of an accomplished woman.” + + “Yes, I do comprehend a great deal in it.” + + “Oh! certainly,” cried his faithful assistant, “no one can be + really esteemed accomplished who does not greatly surpass what is + usually met with. A woman must have a thorough knowledge of + music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to + deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a + certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of + her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but + half-deserved.” + + “All this she must possess,” added Darcy, “and to all this she + must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of + her mind by extensive reading.” + + “I am no longer surprised at your knowing _only_ six accomplished + women. I rather wonder now at your knowing _any_.” + + “Are you so severe upon your own sex as to doubt the possibility + of all this?” + + “_I_ never saw such a woman. _I_ never saw such capacity, and + taste, and application, and elegance, as you describe united.” + + Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley both cried out against the injustice + of her implied doubt, and were both protesting that they knew + many women who answered this description, when Mr. Hurst called + them to order, with bitter complaints of their inattention to + what was going forward. As all conversation was thereby at an + end, Elizabeth soon afterwards left the room. + + “Elizabeth Bennet,” said Miss Bingley, when the door was closed + on her, “is one of those young ladies who seek to recommend + themselves to the other sex by undervaluing their own; and with + many men, I dare say, it succeeds. But, in my opinion, it is a + paltry device, a very mean art.” + + “Undoubtedly,” replied Darcy, to whom this remark was chiefly + addressed, “there is a meanness in _all_ the arts which ladies + sometimes condescend to employ for captivation. Whatever bears + affinity to cunning is despicable.” + + Miss Bingley was not so entirely satisfied with this reply as to + continue the subject. + + Elizabeth joined them again only to say that her sister was + worse, and that she could not leave her. Bingley urged Mr. Jones + being sent for immediately; while his sisters, convinced that no + country advice could be of any service, recommended an express to + town for one of the most eminent physicians. This she would not + hear of; but she was not so unwilling to comply with their + brother’s proposal; and it was settled that Mr. Jones should be + sent for early in the morning, if Miss Bennet were not decidedly + better. Bingley was quite uncomfortable; his sisters declared + that they were miserable. They solaced their wretchedness, + however, by duets after supper, while he could find no better + relief to his feelings than by giving his housekeeper directions + that every attention might be paid to the sick lady and her + sister. + + + + + Chapter 9 + + Elizabeth passed the chief of the night in her sister’s room, and + in the morning had the pleasure of being able to send a tolerable + answer to the inquiries which she very early received from Mr. + Bingley by a housemaid, and some time afterwards from the two + elegant ladies who waited on his sisters. In spite of this + amendment, however, she requested to have a note sent to + Longbourn, desiring her mother to visit Jane, and form her own + judgement of her situation. The note was immediately dispatched, + and its contents as quickly complied with. Mrs. Bennet, + accompanied by her two youngest girls, reached Netherfield soon + after the family breakfast. + + Had she found Jane in any apparent danger, Mrs. Bennet would have + been very miserable; but being satisfied on seeing her that her + illness was not alarming, she had no wish of her recovering + immediately, as her restoration to health would probably remove + her from Netherfield. She would not listen, therefore, to her + daughter’s proposal of being carried home; neither did the + apothecary, who arrived about the same time, think it at all + advisable. After sitting a little while with Jane, on Miss + Bingley’s appearance and invitation, the mother and three + daughters all attended her into the breakfast parlour. Bingley + met them with hopes that Mrs. Bennet had not found Miss Bennet + worse than she expected. + + “Indeed I have, sir,” was her answer. “She is a great deal too + ill to be moved. Mr. Jones says we must not think of moving her. + We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.” + + “Removed!” cried Bingley. “It must not be thought of. My sister, + I am sure, will not hear of her removal.” + + “You may depend upon it, Madam,” said Miss Bingley, with cold + civility, “that Miss Bennet will receive every possible attention + while she remains with us.” + + Mrs. Bennet was profuse in her acknowledgments. + + “I am sure,” she added, “if it was not for such good friends I do + not know what would become of her, for she is very ill indeed, + and suffers a vast deal, though with the greatest patience in the + world, which is always the way with her, for she has, without + exception, the sweetest temper I have ever met with. I often tell + my other girls they are nothing to _her_. You have a sweet room + here, Mr. Bingley, and a charming prospect over the gravel walk. + I do not know a place in the country that is equal to + Netherfield. You will not think of quitting it in a hurry, I + hope, though you have but a short lease.” + + “Whatever I do is done in a hurry,” replied he; “and therefore if + I should resolve to quit Netherfield, I should probably be off in + five minutes. At present, however, I consider myself as quite + fixed here.” + + “That is exactly what I should have supposed of you,” said + Elizabeth. + + “You begin to comprehend me, do you?” cried he, turning towards + her. + + “Oh! yes—I understand you perfectly.” + + “I wish I might take this for a compliment; but to be so easily + seen through I am afraid is pitiful.” + + “That is as it happens. It does not follow that a deep, intricate + character is more or less estimable than such a one as yours.” + + “Lizzy,” cried her mother, “remember where you are, and do not + run on in the wild manner that you are suffered to do at home.” + + “I did not know before,” continued Bingley immediately, “that you + were a studier of character. It must be an amusing study.” + + “Yes, but intricate characters are the _most_ amusing. They have + at least that advantage.” + + “The country,” said Darcy, “can in general supply but a few + subjects for such a study. In a country neighbourhood you move in + a very confined and unvarying society.” + + “But people themselves alter so much, that there is something new + to be observed in them for ever.” + + “Yes, indeed,” cried Mrs. Bennet, offended by his manner of + mentioning a country neighbourhood. “I assure you there is quite + as much of _that_ going on in the country as in town.” + + Everybody was surprised, and Darcy, after looking at her for a + moment, turned silently away. Mrs. Bennet, who fancied she had + gained a complete victory over him, continued her triumph. + + “I cannot see that London has any great advantage over the + country, for my part, except the shops and public places. The + country is a vast deal pleasanter, is it not, Mr. Bingley?” + + “When I am in the country,” he replied, “I never wish to leave + it; and when I am in town it is pretty much the same. They have + each their advantages, and I can be equally happy in either.” + + “Aye—that is because you have the right disposition. But that + gentleman,” looking at Darcy, “seemed to think the country was + nothing at all.” + + “Indeed, Mamma, you are mistaken,” said Elizabeth, blushing for + her mother. “You quite mistook Mr. Darcy. He only meant that + there was not such a variety of people to be met with in the + country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.” + + “Certainly, my dear, nobody said there were; but as to not + meeting with many people in this neighbourhood, I believe there + are few neighbourhoods larger. I know we dine with + four-and-twenty families.” + + Nothing but concern for Elizabeth could enable Bingley to keep + his countenance. His sister was less delicate, and directed her + eyes towards Mr. Darcy with a very expressive smile. Elizabeth, + for the sake of saying something that might turn her mother’s + thoughts, now asked her if Charlotte Lucas had been at Longbourn + since _her_ coming away. + + “Yes, she called yesterday with her father. What an agreeable man + Sir William is, Mr. Bingley, is not he? So much the man of + fashion! So genteel and easy! He has always something to say to + everybody. _That_ is my idea of good breeding; and those persons + who fancy themselves very important, and never open their mouths, + quite mistake the matter.” + + “Did Charlotte dine with you?” + + “No, she would go home. I fancy she was wanted about the + mince-pies. For my part, Mr. Bingley, _I_ always keep servants + that can do their own work; _my_ daughters are brought up very + differently. But everybody is to judge for themselves, and the + Lucases are a very good sort of girls, I assure you. It is a pity + they are not handsome! Not that _I_ think Charlotte so _very_ + plain—but then she is our particular friend.” + + “She seems a very pleasant young woman.” + + “Oh! dear, yes; but you must own she is very plain. Lady Lucas + herself has often said so, and envied me Jane’s beauty. I do not + like to boast of my own child, but to be sure, Jane—one does not + often see anybody better looking. It is what everybody says. I do + not trust my own partiality. When she was only fifteen, there was + a man at my brother Gardiner’s in town so much in love with her + that my sister-in-law was sure he would make her an offer before + we came away. But, however, he did not. Perhaps he thought her + too young. However, he wrote some verses on her, and very pretty + they were.” + + “And so ended his affection,” said Elizabeth impatiently. “There + has been many a one, I fancy, overcome in the same way. I wonder + who first discovered the efficacy of poetry in driving away + love!” + + “I have been used to consider poetry as the _food_ of love,” said + Darcy. + + “Of a fine, stout, healthy love it may. Everything nourishes what + is strong already. But if it be only a slight, thin sort of + inclination, I am convinced that one good sonnet will starve it + entirely away.” + + Darcy only smiled; and the general pause which ensued made + Elizabeth tremble lest her mother should be exposing herself + again. She longed to speak, but could think of nothing to say; + and after a short silence Mrs. Bennet began repeating her thanks + to Mr. Bingley for his kindness to Jane, with an apology for + troubling him also with Lizzy. Mr. Bingley was unaffectedly civil + in his answer, and forced his younger sister to be civil also, + and say what the occasion required. She performed her part indeed + without much graciousness, but Mrs. Bennet was satisfied, and + soon afterwards ordered her carriage. Upon this signal, the + youngest of her daughters put herself forward. The two girls had + been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the + result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with + having promised on his first coming into the country to give a + ball at Netherfield. + + Lydia was a stout, well-grown girl of fifteen, with a fine + complexion and good-humoured countenance; a favourite with her + mother, whose affection had brought her into public at an early + age. She had high animal spirits, and a sort of natural + self-consequence, which the attention of the officers, to whom + her uncle’s good dinners, and her own easy manners recommended + her, had increased into assurance. She was very equal, therefore, + to address Mr. Bingley on the subject of the ball, and abruptly + reminded him of his promise; adding, that it would be the most + shameful thing in the world if he did not keep it. His answer to + this sudden attack was delightful to their mother’s ear: + + “I am perfectly ready, I assure you, to keep my engagement; and + when your sister is recovered, you shall, if you please, name the + very day of the ball. But you would not wish to be dancing when + she is ill.” + + Lydia declared herself satisfied. “Oh! yes—it would be much + better to wait till Jane was well, and by that time most likely + Captain Carter would be at Meryton again. And when you have given + _your_ ball,” she added, “I shall insist on their giving one + also. I shall tell Colonel Forster it will be quite a shame if he + does not.” + + Mrs. Bennet and her daughters then departed, and Elizabeth + returned instantly to Jane, leaving her own and her relations’ + behaviour to the remarks of the two ladies and Mr. Darcy; the + latter of whom, however, could not be prevailed on to join in + their censure of _her_, in spite of all Miss Bingley’s witticisms + on _fine eyes_. + + + + + Chapter 10 + + The day passed much as the day before had done. Mrs. Hurst and + Miss Bingley had spent some hours of the morning with the + invalid, who continued, though slowly, to mend; and in the + evening Elizabeth joined their party in the drawing-room. The + loo-table, however, did not appear. Mr. Darcy was writing, and + Miss Bingley, seated near him, was watching the progress of his + letter and repeatedly calling off his attention by messages to + his sister. Mr. Hurst and Mr. Bingley were at piquet, and Mrs. + Hurst was observing their game. + + Elizabeth took up some needlework, and was sufficiently amused in + attending to what passed between Darcy and his companion. The + perpetual commendations of the lady, either on his handwriting, + or on the evenness of his lines, or on the length of his letter, + with the perfect unconcern with which her praises were received, + formed a curious dialogue, and was exactly in union with her + opinion of each. + + “How delighted Miss Darcy will be to receive such a letter!” + + He made no answer. + + “You write uncommonly fast.” + + “You are mistaken. I write rather slowly.” + + “How many letters you must have occasion to write in the course + of a year! Letters of business, too! How odious I should think + them!” + + “It is fortunate, then, that they fall to my lot instead of + yours.” + + “Pray tell your sister that I long to see her.” + + “I have already told her so once, by your desire.” + + “I am afraid you do not like your pen. Let me mend it for you. I + mend pens remarkably well.” + + “Thank you—but I always mend my own.” + + “How can you contrive to write so even?” + + He was silent. + + “Tell your sister I am delighted to hear of her improvement on + the harp; and pray let her know that I am quite in raptures with + her beautiful little design for a table, and I think it + infinitely superior to Miss Grantley’s.” + + “Will you give me leave to defer your raptures till I write + again? At present I have not room to do them justice.” + + “Oh! it is of no consequence. I shall see her in January. But do + you always write such charming long letters to her, Mr. Darcy?” + + “They are generally long; but whether always charming it is not + for me to determine.” + + “It is a rule with me, that a person who can write a long letter + with ease, cannot write ill.” + + “That will not do for a compliment to Darcy, Caroline,” cried her + brother, “because he does _not_ write with ease. He studies too + much for words of four syllables. Do not you, Darcy?” + + “My style of writing is very different from yours.” + + “Oh!” cried Miss Bingley, “Charles writes in the most careless + way imaginable. He leaves out half his words, and blots the + rest.” + + “My ideas flow so rapidly that I have not time to express them—by + which means my letters sometimes convey no ideas at all to my + correspondents.” + + “Your humility, Mr. Bingley,” said Elizabeth, “must disarm + reproof.” + + “Nothing is more deceitful,” said Darcy, “than the appearance of + humility. It is often only carelessness of opinion, and sometimes + an indirect boast.” + + “And which of the two do you call _my_ little recent piece of + modesty?” + + “The indirect boast; for you are really proud of your defects in + writing, because you consider them as proceeding from a rapidity + of thought and carelessness of execution, which, if not + estimable, you think at least highly interesting. The power of + doing anything with quickness is always prized much by the + possessor, and often without any attention to the imperfection of + the performance. When you told Mrs. Bennet this morning that if + you ever resolved upon quitting Netherfield you should be gone in + five minutes, you meant it to be a sort of panegyric, of + compliment to yourself—and yet what is there so very laudable in + a precipitance which must leave very necessary business undone, + and can be of no real advantage to yourself or anyone else?” + + “Nay,” cried Bingley, “this is too much, to remember at night all + the foolish things that were said in the morning. And yet, upon + my honour, I believe what I said of myself to be true, and I + believe it at this moment. At least, therefore, I did not assume + the character of needless precipitance merely to show off before + the ladies.” + + “I dare say you believed it; but I am by no means convinced that + you would be gone with such celerity. Your conduct would be quite + as dependent on chance as that of any man I know; and if, as you + were mounting your horse, a friend were to say, ‘Bingley, you had + better stay till next week,’ you would probably do it, you would + probably not go—and at another word, might stay a month.” + + “You have only proved by this,” cried Elizabeth, “that Mr. + Bingley did not do justice to his own disposition. You have shown + him off now much more than he did himself.” + + “I am exceedingly gratified,” said Bingley, “by your converting + what my friend says into a compliment on the sweetness of my + temper. But I am afraid you are giving it a turn which that + gentleman did by no means intend; for he would certainly think + better of me, if under such a circumstance I were to give a flat + denial, and ride off as fast as I could.” + + “Would Mr. Darcy then consider the rashness of your original + intentions as atoned for by your obstinacy in adhering to it?” + + “Upon my word, I cannot exactly explain the matter; Darcy must + speak for himself.” + + “You expect me to account for opinions which you choose to call + mine, but which I have never acknowledged. Allowing the case, + however, to stand according to your representation, you must + remember, Miss Bennet, that the friend who is supposed to desire + his return to the house, and the delay of his plan, has merely + desired it, asked it without offering one argument in favour of + its propriety.” + + “To yield readily—easily—to the _persuasion_ of a friend is no + merit with you.” + + “To yield without conviction is no compliment to the + understanding of either.” + + “You appear to me, Mr. Darcy, to allow nothing for the influence + of friendship and affection. A regard for the requester would + often make one readily yield to a request, without waiting for + arguments to reason one into it. I am not particularly speaking + of such a case as you have supposed about Mr. Bingley. We may as + well wait, perhaps, till the circumstance occurs before we + discuss the discretion of his behaviour thereupon. But in general + and ordinary cases between friend and friend, where one of them + is desired by the other to change a resolution of no very great + moment, should you think ill of that person for complying with + the desire, without waiting to be argued into it?” + + “Will it not be advisable, before we proceed on this subject, to + arrange with rather more precision the degree of importance which + is to appertain to this request, as well as the degree of + intimacy subsisting between the parties?” + + “By all means,” cried Bingley; “let us hear all the particulars, + not forgetting their comparative height and size; for that will + have more weight in the argument, Miss Bennet, than you may be + aware of. I assure you, that if Darcy were not such a great tall + fellow, in comparison with myself, I should not pay him half so + much deference. I declare I do not know a more awful object than + Darcy, on particular occasions, and in particular places; at his + own house especially, and of a Sunday evening, when he has + nothing to do.” + + Mr. Darcy smiled; but Elizabeth thought she could perceive that + he was rather offended, and therefore checked her laugh. Miss + Bingley warmly resented the indignity he had received, in an + expostulation with her brother for talking such nonsense. + + “I see your design, Bingley,” said his friend. “You dislike an + argument, and want to silence this.” + + “Perhaps I do. Arguments are too much like disputes. If you and + Miss Bennet will defer yours till I am out of the room, I shall + be very thankful; and then you may say whatever you like of me.” + + “What you ask,” said Elizabeth, “is no sacrifice on my side; and + Mr. Darcy had much better finish his letter.” + + Mr. Darcy took her advice, and did finish his letter. + + When that business was over, he applied to Miss Bingley and + Elizabeth for an indulgence of some music. Miss Bingley moved + with some alacrity to the pianoforte; and, after a polite request + that Elizabeth would lead the way which the other as politely and + more earnestly negatived, she seated herself. + + Mrs. Hurst sang with her sister, and while they were thus + employed, Elizabeth could not help observing, as she turned over + some music-books that lay on the instrument, how frequently Mr. + Darcy’s eyes were fixed on her. She hardly knew how to suppose + that she could be an object of admiration to so great a man; and + yet that he should look at her because he disliked her, was still + more strange. She could only imagine, however, at last that she + drew his notice because there was something more wrong and + reprehensible, according to his ideas of right, than in any other + person present. The supposition did not pain her. She liked him + too little to care for his approbation. + + After playing some Italian songs, Miss Bingley varied the charm + by a lively Scotch air; and soon afterwards Mr. Darcy, drawing + near Elizabeth, said to her: + + “Do not you feel a great inclination, Miss Bennet, to seize such + an opportunity of dancing a reel?” + + She smiled, but made no answer. He repeated the question, with + some surprise at her silence. + + “Oh!” said she, “I heard you before, but I could not immediately + determine what to say in reply. You wanted me, I know, to say + ‘Yes,’ that you might have the pleasure of despising my taste; + but I always delight in overthrowing those kind of schemes, and + cheating a person of their premeditated contempt. I have, + therefore, made up my mind to tell you, that I do not want to + dance a reel at all—and now despise me if you dare.” + + “Indeed I do not dare.” + + Elizabeth, having rather expected to affront him, was amazed at + his gallantry; but there was a mixture of sweetness and archness + in her manner which made it difficult for her to affront anybody; + and Darcy had never been so bewitched by any woman as he was by + her. He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of + her connections, he should be in some danger. + + Miss Bingley saw, or suspected enough to be jealous; and her + great anxiety for the recovery of her dear friend Jane received + some assistance from her desire of getting rid of Elizabeth. + + She often tried to provoke Darcy into disliking her guest, by + talking of their supposed marriage, and planning his happiness in + such an alliance. + + “I hope,” said she, as they were walking together in the + shrubbery the next day, “you will give your mother-in-law a few + hints, when this desirable event takes place, as to the advantage + of holding her tongue; and if you can compass it, do cure the + younger girls of running after officers. And, if I may mention so + delicate a subject, endeavour to check that little something, + bordering on conceit and impertinence, which your lady + possesses.” + + “Have you anything else to propose for my domestic felicity?” + + “Oh! yes. Do let the portraits of your uncle and aunt Phillips be + placed in the gallery at Pemberley. Put them next to your + great-uncle the judge. They are in the same profession, you know, + only in different lines. As for your Elizabeth’s picture, you + must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to + those beautiful eyes?” + + “It would not be easy, indeed, to catch their expression, but + their colour and shape, and the eyelashes, so remarkably fine, + might be copied.” + + At that moment they were met from another walk by Mrs. Hurst and + Elizabeth herself. + + “I did not know that you intended to walk,” said Miss Bingley, in + some confusion, lest they had been overheard. + + “You used us abominably ill,” answered Mrs. Hurst, “running away + without telling us that you were coming out.” + + Then taking the disengaged arm of Mr. Darcy, she left Elizabeth + to walk by herself. The path just admitted three. Mr. Darcy felt + their rudeness, and immediately said: + + “This walk is not wide enough for our party. We had better go + into the avenue.” + + But Elizabeth, who had not the least inclination to remain with + them, laughingly answered: + + “No, no; stay where you are. You are charmingly grouped, and + appear to uncommon advantage. The picturesque would be spoilt by + admitting a fourth. Good-bye.” + + She then ran gaily off, rejoicing as she rambled about, in the + hope of being at home again in a day or two. Jane was already so + much recovered as to intend leaving her room for a couple of + hours that evening. + + + + + Chapter 11 + + When the ladies removed after dinner, Elizabeth ran up to her + sister, and seeing her well guarded from cold, attended her into + the drawing-room, where she was welcomed by her two friends with + many professions of pleasure; and Elizabeth had never seen them + so agreeable as they were during the hour which passed before the + gentlemen appeared. Their powers of conversation were + considerable. They could describe an entertainment with accuracy, + relate an anecdote with humour, and laugh at their acquaintance + with spirit. + + But when the gentlemen entered, Jane was no longer the first + object; Miss Bingley’s eyes were instantly turned toward Darcy, + and she had something to say to him before he had advanced many + steps. He addressed himself to Miss Bennet, with a polite + congratulation; Mr. Hurst also made her a slight bow, and said he + was “very glad;” but diffuseness and warmth remained for + Bingley’s salutation. He was full of joy and attention. The first + half-hour was spent in piling up the fire, lest she should suffer + from the change of room; and she removed at his desire to the + other side of the fireplace, that she might be further from the + door. He then sat down by her, and talked scarcely to anyone + else. Elizabeth, at work in the opposite corner, saw it all with + great delight. + + When tea was over, Mr. Hurst reminded his sister-in-law of the + card-table—but in vain. She had obtained private intelligence + that Mr. Darcy did not wish for cards; and Mr. Hurst soon found + even his open petition rejected. She assured him that no one + intended to play, and the silence of the whole party on the + subject seemed to justify her. Mr. Hurst had therefore nothing to + do, but to stretch himself on one of the sofas and go to sleep. + Darcy took up a book; Miss Bingley did the same; and Mrs. Hurst, + principally occupied in playing with her bracelets and rings, + joined now and then in her brother’s conversation with Miss + Bennet. + + Miss Bingley’s attention was quite as much engaged in watching + Mr. Darcy’s progress through _his_ book, as in reading her own; + and she was perpetually either making some inquiry, or looking at + his page. She could not win him, however, to any conversation; he + merely answered her question, and read on. At length, quite + exhausted by the attempt to be amused with her own book, which + she had only chosen because it was the second volume of his, she + gave a great yawn and said, “How pleasant it is to spend an + evening in this way! I declare after all there is no enjoyment + like reading! How much sooner one tires of anything than of a + book! When I have a house of my own, I shall be miserable if I + have not an excellent library.” + + No one made any reply. She then yawned again, threw aside her + book, and cast her eyes round the room in quest for some + amusement; when hearing her brother mentioning a ball to Miss + Bennet, she turned suddenly towards him and said: + + “By the bye, Charles, are you really serious in meditating a + dance at Netherfield? I would advise you, before you determine on + it, to consult the wishes of the present party; I am much + mistaken if there are not some among us to whom a ball would be + rather a punishment than a pleasure.” + + “If you mean Darcy,” cried her brother, “he may go to bed, if he + chooses, before it begins—but as for the ball, it is quite a + settled thing; and as soon as Nicholls has made white soup + enough, I shall send round my cards.” + + “I should like balls infinitely better,” she replied, “if they + were carried on in a different manner; but there is something + insufferably tedious in the usual process of such a meeting. It + would surely be much more rational if conversation instead of + dancing were made the order of the day.” + + “Much more rational, my dear Caroline, I dare say, but it would + not be near so much like a ball.” + + Miss Bingley made no answer, and soon afterwards she got up and + walked about the room. Her figure was elegant, and she walked + well; but Darcy, at whom it was all aimed, was still inflexibly + studious. In the desperation of her feelings, she resolved on one + effort more, and, turning to Elizabeth, said: + + “Miss Eliza Bennet, let me persuade you to follow my example, and + take a turn about the room. I assure you it is very refreshing + after sitting so long in one attitude.” + + Elizabeth was surprised, but agreed to it immediately. Miss + Bingley succeeded no less in the real object of her civility; Mr. + Darcy looked up. He was as much awake to the novelty of attention + in that quarter as Elizabeth herself could be, and unconsciously + closed his book. He was directly invited to join their party, but + he declined it, observing that he could imagine but two motives + for their choosing to walk up and down the room together, with + either of which motives his joining them would interfere. “What + could he mean? She was dying to know what could be his + meaning?”—and asked Elizabeth whether she could at all understand + him? + + “Not at all,” was her answer; “but depend upon it, he means to be + severe on us, and our surest way of disappointing him will be to + ask nothing about it.” + + Miss Bingley, however, was incapable of disappointing Mr. Darcy + in anything, and persevered therefore in requiring an explanation + of his two motives. + + “I have not the smallest objection to explaining them,” said he, + as soon as she allowed him to speak. “You either choose this + method of passing the evening because you are in each other’s + confidence, and have secret affairs to discuss, or because you + are conscious that your figures appear to the greatest advantage + in walking; if the first, I would be completely in your way, and + if the second, I can admire you much better as I sit by the + fire.” + + “Oh! shocking!” cried Miss Bingley. “I never heard anything so + abominable. How shall we punish him for such a speech?” + + “Nothing so easy, if you have but the inclination,” said + Elizabeth. “We can all plague and punish one another. Tease + him—laugh at him. Intimate as you are, you must know how it is to + be done.” + + “But upon my honour, I do _not_. I do assure you that my intimacy + has not yet taught me _that_. Tease calmness of manner and + presence of mind! No, no; I feel he may defy us there. And as to + laughter, we will not expose ourselves, if you please, by + attempting to laugh without a subject. Mr. Darcy may hug + himself.” + + “Mr. Darcy is not to be laughed at!” cried Elizabeth. “That is an + uncommon advantage, and uncommon I hope it will continue, for it + would be a great loss to _me_ to have many such acquaintances. I + dearly love a laugh.” + + “Miss Bingley,” said he, “has given me more credit than can be. + The wisest and the best of men—nay, the wisest and best of their + actions—may be rendered ridiculous by a person whose first object + in life is a joke.” + + “Certainly,” replied Elizabeth—“there are such people, but I hope + I am not one of _them_. I hope I never ridicule what is wise and + good. Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies, _do_ + divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can. But these, + I suppose, are precisely what you are without.” + + “Perhaps that is not possible for anyone. But it has been the + study of my life to avoid those weaknesses which often expose a + strong understanding to ridicule.” + + “Such as vanity and pride.” + + “Yes, vanity is a weakness indeed. But pride—where there is a + real superiority of mind, pride will be always under good + regulation.” + + Elizabeth turned away to hide a smile. + + “Your examination of Mr. Darcy is over, I presume,” said Miss + Bingley; “and pray what is the result?” + + “I am perfectly convinced by it that Mr. Darcy has no defect. He + owns it himself without disguise.” + + “No,” said Darcy, “I have made no such pretension. I have faults + enough, but they are not, I hope, of understanding. My temper I + dare not vouch for. It is, I believe, too little + yielding—certainly too little for the convenience of the world. I + cannot forget the follies and vices of others so soon as I ought, + nor their offenses against myself. My feelings are not puffed + about with every attempt to move them. My temper would perhaps be + called resentful. My good opinion once lost, is lost forever.” + + “_That_ is a failing indeed!” cried Elizabeth. “Implacable + resentment _is_ a shade in a character. But you have chosen your + fault well. I really cannot _laugh_ at it. You are safe from me.” + + “There is, I believe, in every disposition a tendency to some + particular evil—a natural defect, which not even the best + education can overcome.” + + “And _your_ defect is to hate everybody.” + + “And yours,” he replied with a smile, “is willfully to + misunderstand them.” + + “Do let us have a little music,” cried Miss Bingley, tired of a + conversation in which she had no share. “Louisa, you will not + mind my waking Mr. Hurst?” + + Her sister had not the smallest objection, and the pianoforte was + opened; and Darcy, after a few moments’ recollection, was not + sorry for it. He began to feel the danger of paying Elizabeth too + much attention. + + + + + Chapter 12 + + In consequence of an agreement between the sisters, Elizabeth + wrote the next morning to their mother, to beg that the carriage + might be sent for them in the course of the day. But Mrs. Bennet, + who had calculated on her daughters remaining at Netherfield till + the following Tuesday, which would exactly finish Jane’s week, + could not bring herself to receive them with pleasure before. Her + answer, therefore, was not propitious, at least not to + Elizabeth’s wishes, for she was impatient to get home. Mrs. + Bennet sent them word that they could not possibly have the + carriage before Tuesday; and in her postscript it was added, that + if Mr. Bingley and his sister pressed them to stay longer, she + could spare them very well. Against staying longer, however, + Elizabeth was positively resolved—nor did she much expect it + would be asked; and fearful, on the contrary, as being considered + as intruding themselves needlessly long, she urged Jane to borrow + Mr. Bingley’s carriage immediately, and at length it was settled + that their original design of leaving Netherfield that morning + should be mentioned, and the request made. + + The communication excited many professions of concern; and enough + was said of wishing them to stay at least till the following day + to work on Jane; and till the morrow their going was deferred. + Miss Bingley was then sorry that she had proposed the delay, for + her jealousy and dislike of one sister much exceeded her + affection for the other. + + The master of the house heard with real sorrow that they were to + go so soon, and repeatedly tried to persuade Miss Bennet that it + would not be safe for her—that she was not enough recovered; but + Jane was firm where she felt herself to be right. + + To Mr. Darcy it was welcome intelligence—Elizabeth had been at + Netherfield long enough. She attracted him more than he liked—and + Miss Bingley was uncivil to _her_, and more teasing than usual to + himself. He wisely resolved to be particularly careful that no + sign of admiration should _now_ escape him, nothing that could + elevate her with the hope of influencing his felicity; sensible + that if such an idea had been suggested, his behaviour during the + last day must have material weight in confirming or crushing it. + Steady to his purpose, he scarcely spoke ten words to her through + the whole of Saturday, and though they were at one time left by + themselves for half-an-hour, he adhered most conscientiously to + his book, and would not even look at her. + + On Sunday, after morning service, the separation, so agreeable to + almost all, took place. Miss Bingley’s civility to Elizabeth + increased at last very rapidly, as well as her affection for + Jane; and when they parted, after assuring the latter of the + pleasure it would always give her to see her either at Longbourn + or Netherfield, and embracing her most tenderly, she even shook + hands with the former. Elizabeth took leave of the whole party in + the liveliest of spirits. + + They were not welcomed home very cordially by their mother. Mrs. + Bennet wondered at their coming, and thought them very wrong to + give so much trouble, and was sure Jane would have caught cold + again. But their father, though very laconic in his expressions + of pleasure, was really glad to see them; he had felt their + importance in the family circle. The evening conversation, when + they were all assembled, had lost much of its animation, and + almost all its sense by the absence of Jane and Elizabeth. + + They found Mary, as usual, deep in the study of thorough-bass and + human nature; and had some extracts to admire, and some new + observations of threadbare morality to listen to. Catherine and + Lydia had information for them of a different sort. Much had been + done and much had been said in the regiment since the preceding + Wednesday; several of the officers had dined lately with their + uncle, a private had been flogged, and it had actually been + hinted that Colonel Forster was going to be married. + + + + + Chapter 13 + + “I hope, my dear,” said Mr. Bennet to his wife, as they were at + breakfast the next morning, “that you have ordered a good dinner + to-day, because I have reason to expect an addition to our family + party.” + + “Who do you mean, my dear? I know of nobody that is coming, I am + sure, unless Charlotte Lucas should happen to call in—and I hope + _my_ dinners are good enough for her. I do not believe she often + sees such at home.” + + “The person of whom I speak is a gentleman, and a stranger.” + + Mrs. Bennet’s eyes sparkled. “A gentleman and a stranger! It is + Mr. Bingley, I am sure! Well, I am sure I shall be extremely glad + to see Mr. Bingley. But—good Lord! how unlucky! There is not a + bit of fish to be got to-day. Lydia, my love, ring the bell—I + must speak to Hill this moment.” + + “It is _not_ Mr. Bingley,” said her husband; “it is a person whom + I never saw in the whole course of my life.” + + This roused a general astonishment; and he had the pleasure of + being eagerly questioned by his wife and his five daughters at + once. + + After amusing himself some time with their curiosity, he thus + explained: + + “About a month ago I received this letter; and about a fortnight + ago I answered it, for I thought it a case of some delicacy, and + requiring early attention. It is from my cousin, Mr. Collins, + who, when I am dead, may turn you all out of this house as soon + as he pleases.” + + “Oh! my dear,” cried his wife, “I cannot bear to hear that + mentioned. Pray do not talk of that odious man. I do think it is + the hardest thing in the world, that your estate should be + entailed away from your own children; and I am sure, if I had + been you, I should have tried long ago to do something or other + about it.” + + Jane and Elizabeth tried to explain to her the nature of an + entail. They had often attempted to do it before, but it was a + subject on which Mrs. Bennet was beyond the reach of reason, and + she continued to rail bitterly against the cruelty of settling an + estate away from a family of five daughters, in favour of a man + whom nobody cared anything about. + + “It certainly is a most iniquitous affair,” said Mr. Bennet, “and + nothing can clear Mr. Collins from the guilt of inheriting + Longbourn. But if you will listen to his letter, you may perhaps + be a little softened by his manner of expressing himself.” + + “No, that I am sure I shall not; and I think it is very + impertinent of him to write to you at all, and very hypocritical. + I hate such false friends. Why could he not keep on quarreling + with you, as his father did before him?” + + “Why, indeed; he does seem to have had some filial scruples on + that head, as you will hear.” + + “Hunsford, near Westerham, Kent, 15_th October_. + + “Dear Sir,— + “The disagreement subsisting between yourself and my late + honoured father always gave me much uneasiness, and since I have + had the misfortune to lose him, I have frequently wished to heal + the breach; but for some time I was kept back by my own doubts, + fearing lest it might seem disrespectful to his memory for me to + be on good terms with anyone with whom it had always pleased him + to be at variance.—‘There, Mrs. Bennet.’—My mind, however, is now + made up on the subject, for having received ordination at Easter, + I have been so fortunate as to be distinguished by the patronage + of the Right Honourable Lady Catherine de Bourgh, widow of Sir + Lewis de Bourgh, whose bounty and beneficence has preferred me to + the valuable rectory of this parish, where it shall be my earnest + endeavour to demean myself with grateful respect towards her + ladyship, and be ever ready to perform those rites and ceremonies + which are instituted by the Church of England. As a clergyman, + moreover, I feel it my duty to promote and establish the blessing + of peace in all families within the reach of my influence; and on + these grounds I flatter myself that my present overtures are + highly commendable, and that the circumstance of my being next in + the entail of Longbourn estate will be kindly overlooked on your + side, and not lead you to reject the offered olive-branch. I + cannot be otherwise than concerned at being the means of injuring + your amiable daughters, and beg leave to apologise for it, as + well as to assure you of my readiness to make them every possible + amends—but of this hereafter. If you should have no objection to + receive me into your house, I propose myself the satisfaction of + waiting on you and your family, Monday, November 18th, by four + o’clock, and shall probably trespass on your hospitality till the + Saturday se’ennight following, which I can do without any + inconvenience, as Lady Catherine is far from objecting to my + occasional absence on a Sunday, provided that some other + clergyman is engaged to do the duty of the day.—I remain, dear + sir, with respectful compliments to your lady and daughters, your + well-wisher and friend, + + “WILLIAM COLLINS” + + “At four o’clock, therefore, we may expect this peace-making + gentleman,” said Mr. Bennet, as he folded up the letter. “He + seems to be a most conscientious and polite young man, upon my + word, and I doubt not will prove a valuable acquaintance, + especially if Lady Catherine should be so indulgent as to let him + come to us again.” + + “There is some sense in what he says about the girls, however, + and if he is disposed to make them any amends, I shall not be the + person to discourage him.” + + “Though it is difficult,” said Jane, “to guess in what way he can + mean to make us the atonement he thinks our due, the wish is + certainly to his credit.” + + Elizabeth was chiefly struck by his extraordinary deference for + Lady Catherine, and his kind intention of christening, marrying, + and burying his parishioners whenever it were required. + + “He must be an oddity, I think,” said she. “I cannot make him + out.—There is something very pompous in his style.—And what can + he mean by apologising for being next in the entail?—We cannot + suppose he would help it if he could.—Could he be a sensible man, + sir?” + + “No, my dear, I think not. I have great hopes of finding him + quite the reverse. There is a mixture of servility and + self-importance in his letter, which promises well. I am + impatient to see him.” + + “In point of composition,” said Mary, “the letter does not seem + defective. The idea of the olive-branch perhaps is not wholly + new, yet I think it is well expressed.” + + To Catherine and Lydia, neither the letter nor its writer were in + any degree interesting. It was next to impossible that their + cousin should come in a scarlet coat, and it was now some weeks + since they had received pleasure from the society of a man in any + other colour. As for their mother, Mr. Collins’s letter had done + away much of her ill-will, and she was preparing to see him with + a degree of composure which astonished her husband and daughters. + + Mr. Collins was punctual to his time, and was received with great + politeness by the whole family. Mr. Bennet indeed said little; + but the ladies were ready enough to talk, and Mr. Collins seemed + neither in need of encouragement, nor inclined to be silent + himself. He was a tall, heavy-looking young man of + five-and-twenty. His air was grave and stately, and his manners + were very formal. He had not been long seated before he + complimented Mrs. Bennet on having so fine a family of daughters; + said he had heard much of their beauty, but that in this instance + fame had fallen short of the truth; and added, that he did not + doubt her seeing them all in due time disposed of in marriage. + This gallantry was not much to the taste of some of his hearers; + but Mrs. Bennet, who quarreled with no compliments, answered most + readily. + + “You are very kind, I am sure; and I wish with all my heart it + may prove so, for else they will be destitute enough. Things are + settled so oddly.” + + “You allude, perhaps, to the entail of this estate.” + + “Ah! sir, I do indeed. It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, + you must confess. Not that I mean to find fault with _you_, for + such things I know are all chance in this world. There is no + knowing how estates will go when once they come to be entailed.” + + “I am very sensible, madam, of the hardship to my fair cousins, + and could say much on the subject, but that I am cautious of + appearing forward and precipitate. But I can assure the young + ladies that I come prepared to admire them. At present I will not + say more; but, perhaps, when we are better acquainted—” + + He was interrupted by a summons to dinner; and the girls smiled + on each other. They were not the only objects of Mr. Collins’s + admiration. The hall, the dining-room, and all its furniture, + were examined and praised; and his commendation of everything + would have touched Mrs. Bennet’s heart, but for the mortifying + supposition of his viewing it all as his own future property. The + dinner too in its turn was highly admired; and he begged to know + to which of his fair cousins the excellency of its cooking was + owing. But he was set right there by Mrs. Bennet, who assured him + with some asperity that they were very well able to keep a good + cook, and that her daughters had nothing to do in the kitchen. He + begged pardon for having displeased her. In a softened tone she + declared herself not at all offended; but he continued to + apologise for about a quarter of an hour. + + + + + Chapter 14 + + During dinner, Mr. Bennet scarcely spoke at all; but when the + servants were withdrawn, he thought it time to have some + conversation with his guest, and therefore started a subject in + which he expected him to shine, by observing that he seemed very + fortunate in his patroness. Lady Catherine de Bourgh’s attention + to his wishes, and consideration for his comfort, appeared very + remarkable. Mr. Bennet could not have chosen better. Mr. Collins + was eloquent in her praise. The subject elevated him to more than + usual solemnity of manner, and with a most important aspect he + protested that “he had never in his life witnessed such behaviour + in a person of rank—such affability and condescension, as he had + himself experienced from Lady Catherine. She had been graciously + pleased to approve of both of the discourses which he had already + had the honour of preaching before her. She had also asked him + twice to dine at Rosings, and had sent for him only the Saturday + before, to make up her pool of quadrille in the evening. Lady + Catherine was reckoned proud by many people he knew, but _he_ had + never seen anything but affability in her. She had always spoken + to him as she would to any other gentleman; she made not the + smallest objection to his joining in the society of the + neighbourhood nor to his leaving the parish occasionally for a + week or two, to visit his relations. She had even condescended to + advise him to marry as soon as he could, provided he chose with + discretion; and had once paid him a visit in his humble + parsonage, where she had perfectly approved all the alterations + he had been making, and had even vouchsafed to suggest some + herself—some shelves in the closet up stairs.” + + “That is all very proper and civil, I am sure,” said Mrs. Bennet, + “and I dare say she is a very agreeable woman. It is a pity that + great ladies in general are not more like her. Does she live near + you, sir?” + + “The garden in which stands my humble abode is separated only by + a lane from Rosings Park, her ladyship’s residence.” + + “I think you said she was a widow, sir? Has she any family?” + + “She has only one daughter, the heiress of Rosings, and of very + extensive property.” + + “Ah!” said Mrs. Bennet, shaking her head, “then she is better off + than many girls. And what sort of young lady is she? Is she + handsome?” + + “She is a most charming young lady indeed. Lady Catherine herself + says that, in point of true beauty, Miss de Bourgh is far + superior to the handsomest of her sex, because there is that in + her features which marks the young lady of distinguished birth. + She is unfortunately of a sickly constitution, which has + prevented her from making that progress in many accomplishments + which she could not have otherwise failed of, as I am informed by + the lady who superintended her education, and who still resides + with them. But she is perfectly amiable, and often condescends to + drive by my humble abode in her little phaeton and ponies.” + + “Has she been presented? I do not remember her name among the + ladies at court.” + + “Her indifferent state of health unhappily prevents her being in + town; and by that means, as I told Lady Catherine one day, has + deprived the British court of its brightest ornament. Her + ladyship seemed pleased with the idea; and you may imagine that I + am happy on every occasion to offer those little delicate + compliments which are always acceptable to ladies. I have more + than once observed to Lady Catherine, that her charming daughter + seemed born to be a duchess, and that the most elevated rank, + instead of giving her consequence, would be adorned by her. These + are the kind of little things which please her ladyship, and it + is a sort of attention which I conceive myself peculiarly bound + to pay.” + + “You judge very properly,” said Mr. Bennet, “and it is happy for + you that you possess the talent of flattering with delicacy. May + I ask whether these pleasing attentions proceed from the impulse + of the moment, or are the result of previous study?” + + “They arise chiefly from what is passing at the time, and though + I sometimes amuse myself with suggesting and arranging such + little elegant compliments as may be adapted to ordinary + occasions, I always wish to give them as unstudied an air as + possible.” + + Mr. Bennet’s expectations were fully answered. His cousin was as + absurd as he had hoped, and he listened to him with the keenest + enjoyment, maintaining at the same time the most resolute + composure of countenance, and, except in an occasional glance at + Elizabeth, requiring no partner in his pleasure. + + By tea-time, however, the dose had been enough, and Mr. Bennet + was glad to take his guest into the drawing-room again, and, when + tea was over, glad to invite him to read aloud to the ladies. Mr. + Collins readily assented, and a book was produced; but, on + beholding it (for everything announced it to be from a + circulating library), he started back, and begging pardon, + protested that he never read novels. Kitty stared at him, and + Lydia exclaimed. Other books were produced, and after some + deliberation he chose Fordyce’s Sermons. Lydia gaped as he opened + the volume, and before he had, with very monotonous solemnity, + read three pages, she interrupted him with: + + “Do you know, mamma, that my uncle Phillips talks of turning away + Richard; and if he does, Colonel Forster will hire him. My aunt + told me so herself on Saturday. I shall walk to Meryton to-morrow + to hear more about it, and to ask when Mr. Denny comes back from + town.” + + Lydia was bid by her two eldest sisters to hold her tongue; but + Mr. Collins, much offended, laid aside his book, and said: + + “I have often observed how little young ladies are interested by + books of a serious stamp, though written solely for their + benefit. It amazes me, I confess; for, certainly, there can be + nothing so advantageous to them as instruction. But I will no + longer importune my young cousin.” + + Then turning to Mr. Bennet, he offered himself as his antagonist + at backgammon. Mr. Bennet accepted the challenge, observing that + he acted very wisely in leaving the girls to their own trifling + amusements. Mrs. Bennet and her daughters apologised most civilly + for Lydia’s interruption, and promised that it should not occur + again, if he would resume his book; but Mr. Collins, after + assuring them that he bore his young cousin no ill-will, and + should never resent her behaviour as any affront, seated himself + at another table with Mr. Bennet, and prepared for backgammon. + + + + + Chapter 15 + + Mr. Collins was not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature + had been but little assisted by education or society; the + greatest part of his life having been spent under the guidance of + an illiterate and miserly father; and though he belonged to one + of the universities, he had merely kept the necessary terms, + without forming at it any useful acquaintance. The subjection in + which his father had brought him up had given him originally + great humility of manner; but it was now a good deal counteracted + by the self-conceit of a weak head, living in retirement, and the + consequential feelings of early and unexpected prosperity. A + fortunate chance had recommended him to Lady Catherine de Bourgh + when the living of Hunsford was vacant; and the respect which he + felt for her high rank, and his veneration for her as his + patroness, mingling with a very good opinion of himself, of his + authority as a clergyman, and his right as a rector, made him + altogether a mixture of pride and obsequiousness, self-importance + and humility. + + Having now a good house and a very sufficient income, he intended + to marry; and in seeking a reconciliation with the Longbourn + family he had a wife in view, as he meant to choose one of the + daughters, if he found them as handsome and amiable as they were + represented by common report. This was his plan of amends—of + atonement—for inheriting their father’s estate; and he thought it + an excellent one, full of eligibility and suitableness, and + excessively generous and disinterested on his own part. + + His plan did not vary on seeing them. Miss Bennet’s lovely face + confirmed his views, and established all his strictest notions of + what was due to seniority; and for the first evening _she_ was + his settled choice. The next morning, however, made an + alteration; for in a quarter of an hour’s _tête-à-tête_ with Mrs. + Bennet before breakfast, a conversation beginning with his + parsonage-house, and leading naturally to the avowal of his + hopes, that a mistress might be found for it at Longbourn, + produced from her, amid very complaisant smiles and general + encouragement, a caution against the very Jane he had fixed on. + “As to her _younger_ daughters, she could not take upon her to + say—she could not positively answer—but she did not _know_ of any + prepossession; her _eldest_ daughter, she must just mention—she + felt it incumbent on her to hint, was likely to be very soon + engaged.” + + Mr. Collins had only to change from Jane to Elizabeth—and it was + soon done—done while Mrs. Bennet was stirring the fire. + Elizabeth, equally next to Jane in birth and beauty, succeeded + her of course. + + Mrs. Bennet treasured up the hint, and trusted that she might + soon have two daughters married; and the man whom she could not + bear to speak of the day before was now high in her good graces. + + Lydia’s intention of walking to Meryton was not forgotten; every + sister except Mary agreed to go with her; and Mr. Collins was to + attend them, at the request of Mr. Bennet, who was most anxious + to get rid of him, and have his library to himself; for thither + Mr. Collins had followed him after breakfast; and there he would + continue, nominally engaged with one of the largest folios in the + collection, but really talking to Mr. Bennet, with little + cessation, of his house and garden at Hunsford. Such doings + discomposed Mr. Bennet exceedingly. In his library he had been + always sure of leisure and tranquillity; and though prepared, as + he told Elizabeth, to meet with folly and conceit in every other + room of the house, he was used to be free from them there; his + civility, therefore, was most prompt in inviting Mr. Collins to + join his daughters in their walk; and Mr. Collins, being in fact + much better fitted for a walker than a reader, was extremely + pleased to close his large book, and go. + + In pompous nothings on his side, and civil assents on that of his + cousins, their time passed till they entered Meryton. The + attention of the younger ones was then no longer to be gained by + _him_. Their eyes were immediately wandering up in the street in + quest of the officers, and nothing less than a very smart bonnet + indeed, or a really new muslin in a shop window, could recall + them. + + But the attention of every lady was soon caught by a young man, + whom they had never seen before, of most gentlemanlike + appearance, walking with another officer on the other side of the + way. The officer was the very Mr. Denny concerning whose return + from London Lydia came to inquire, and he bowed as they passed. + All were struck with the stranger’s air, all wondered who he + could be; and Kitty and Lydia, determined if possible to find + out, led the way across the street, under pretense of wanting + something in an opposite shop, and fortunately had just gained + the pavement when the two gentlemen, turning back, had reached + the same spot. Mr. Denny addressed them directly, and entreated + permission to introduce his friend, Mr. Wickham, who had returned + with him the day before from town, and he was happy to say had + accepted a commission in their corps. This was exactly as it + should be; for the young man wanted only regimentals to make him + completely charming. His appearance was greatly in his favour; he + had all the best part of beauty, a fine countenance, a good + figure, and very pleasing address. The introduction was followed + up on his side by a happy readiness of conversation—a readiness + at the same time perfectly correct and unassuming; and the whole + party were still standing and talking together very agreeably, + when the sound of horses drew their notice, and Darcy and Bingley + were seen riding down the street. On distinguishing the ladies of + the group, the two gentlemen came directly towards them, and + began the usual civilities. Bingley was the principal spokesman, + and Miss Bennet the principal object. He was then, he said, on + his way to Longbourn on purpose to inquire after her. Mr. Darcy + corroborated it with a bow, and was beginning to determine not to + fix his eyes on Elizabeth, when they were suddenly arrested by + the sight of the stranger, and Elizabeth happening to see the + countenance of both as they looked at each other, was all + astonishment at the effect of the meeting. Both changed colour, + one looked white, the other red. Mr. Wickham, after a few + moments, touched his hat—a salutation which Mr. Darcy just + deigned to return. What could be the meaning of it? It was + impossible to imagine; it was impossible not to long to know. + + In another minute, Mr. Bingley, but without seeming to have + noticed what passed, took leave and rode on with his friend. + + Mr. Denny and Mr. Wickham walked with the young ladies to the + door of Mr. Phillip’s house, and then made their bows, in spite + of Miss Lydia’s pressing entreaties that they should come in, and + even in spite of Mrs. Phillips’s throwing up the parlour window + and loudly seconding the invitation. + + Mrs. Phillips was always glad to see her nieces; and the two + eldest, from their recent absence, were particularly welcome, and + she was eagerly expressing her surprise at their sudden return + home, which, as their own carriage had not fetched them, she + should have known nothing about, if she had not happened to see + Mr. Jones’s shop-boy in the street, who had told her that they + were not to send any more draughts to Netherfield because the + Miss Bennets were come away, when her civility was claimed + towards Mr. Collins by Jane’s introduction of him. She received + him with her very best politeness, which he returned with as much + more, apologising for his intrusion, without any previous + acquaintance with her, which he could not help flattering + himself, however, might be justified by his relationship to the + young ladies who introduced him to her notice. Mrs. Phillips was + quite awed by such an excess of good breeding; but her + contemplation of one stranger was soon put to an end by + exclamations and inquiries about the other; of whom, however, she + could only tell her nieces what they already knew, that Mr. Denny + had brought him from London, and that he was to have a + lieutenant’s commission in the ——shire. She had been watching him + the last hour, she said, as he walked up and down the street, and + had Mr. Wickham appeared, Kitty and Lydia would certainly have + continued the occupation, but unluckily no one passed windows now + except a few of the officers, who, in comparison with the + stranger, were become “stupid, disagreeable fellows.” Some of + them were to dine with the Phillipses the next day, and their + aunt promised to make her husband call on Mr. Wickham, and give + him an invitation also, if the family from Longbourn would come + in the evening. This was agreed to, and Mrs. Phillips protested + that they would have a nice comfortable noisy game of lottery + tickets, and a little bit of hot supper afterwards. The prospect + of such delights was very cheering, and they parted in mutual + good spirits. Mr. Collins repeated his apologies in quitting the + room, and was assured with unwearying civility that they were + perfectly needless. + + As they walked home, Elizabeth related to Jane what she had seen + pass between the two gentlemen; but though Jane would have + defended either or both, had they appeared to be in the wrong, + she could no more explain such behaviour than her sister. + + Mr. Collins on his return highly gratified Mrs. Bennet by + admiring Mrs. Phillips’s manners and politeness. He protested + that, except Lady Catherine and her daughter, he had never seen a + more elegant woman; for she had not only received him with the + utmost civility, but even pointedly included him in her + invitation for the next evening, although utterly unknown to her + before. Something, he supposed, might be attributed to his + connection with them, but yet he had never met with so much + attention in the whole course of his life. + + + + + Chapter 16 + + As no objection was made to the young people’s engagement with + their aunt, and all Mr. Collins’s scruples of leaving Mr. and + Mrs. Bennet for a single evening during his visit were most + steadily resisted, the coach conveyed him and his five cousins at + a suitable hour to Meryton; and the girls had the pleasure of + hearing, as they entered the drawing-room, that Mr. Wickham had + accepted their uncle’s invitation, and was then in the house. + + When this information was given, and they had all taken their + seats, Mr. Collins was at leisure to look around him and admire, + and he was so much struck with the size and furniture of the + apartment, that he declared he might almost have supposed himself + in the small summer breakfast parlour at Rosings; a comparison + that did not at first convey much gratification; but when Mrs. + Phillips understood from him what Rosings was, and who was its + proprietor—when she had listened to the description of only one + of Lady Catherine’s drawing-rooms, and found that the + chimney-piece alone had cost eight hundred pounds, she felt all + the force of the compliment, and would hardly have resented a + comparison with the housekeeper’s room. + + In describing to her all the grandeur of Lady Catherine and her + mansion, with occasional digressions in praise of his own humble + abode, and the improvements it was receiving, he was happily + employed until the gentlemen joined them; and he found in Mrs. + Phillips a very attentive listener, whose opinion of his + consequence increased with what she heard, and who was resolving + to retail it all among her neighbours as soon as she could. To + the girls, who could not listen to their cousin, and who had + nothing to do but to wish for an instrument, and examine their + own indifferent imitations of china on the mantelpiece, the + interval of waiting appeared very long. It was over at last, + however. The gentlemen did approach, and when Mr. Wickham walked + into the room, Elizabeth felt that she had neither been seeing + him before, nor thinking of him since, with the smallest degree + of unreasonable admiration. The officers of the ——shire were in + general a very creditable, gentlemanlike set, and the best of + them were of the present party; but Mr. Wickham was as far beyond + them all in person, countenance, air, and walk, as _they_ were + superior to the broad-faced, stuffy uncle Phillips, breathing + port wine, who followed them into the room. + + Mr. Wickham was the happy man towards whom almost every female + eye was turned, and Elizabeth was the happy woman by whom he + finally seated himself; and the agreeable manner in which he + immediately fell into conversation, though it was only on its + being a wet night, made her feel that the commonest, dullest, + most threadbare topic might be rendered interesting by the skill + of the speaker. + + With such rivals for the notice of the fair as Mr. Wickham and + the officers, Mr. Collins seemed to sink into insignificance; to + the young ladies he certainly was nothing; but he had still at + intervals a kind listener in Mrs. Phillips, and was by her + watchfulness, most abundantly supplied with coffee and muffin. + When the card-tables were placed, he had the opportunity of + obliging her in turn, by sitting down to whist. + + “I know little of the game at present,” said he, “but I shall be + glad to improve myself, for in my situation in life—” Mrs. + Phillips was very glad for his compliance, but could not wait for + his reason. + + Mr. Wickham did not play at whist, and with ready delight was he + received at the other table between Elizabeth and Lydia. At first + there seemed danger of Lydia’s engrossing him entirely, for she + was a most determined talker; but being likewise extremely fond + of lottery tickets, she soon grew too much interested in the + game, too eager in making bets and exclaiming after prizes to + have attention for anyone in particular. Allowing for the common + demands of the game, Mr. Wickham was therefore at leisure to talk + to Elizabeth, and she was very willing to hear him, though what + she chiefly wished to hear she could not hope to be told—the + history of his acquaintance with Mr. Darcy. She dared not even + mention that gentleman. Her curiosity, however, was unexpectedly + relieved. Mr. Wickham began the subject himself. He inquired how + far Netherfield was from Meryton; and, after receiving her + answer, asked in a hesitating manner how long Mr. Darcy had been + staying there. + + “About a month,” said Elizabeth; and then, unwilling to let the + subject drop, added, “He is a man of very large property in + Derbyshire, I understand.” + + “Yes,” replied Mr. Wickham; “his estate there is a noble one. A + clear ten thousand per annum. You could not have met with a + person more capable of giving you certain information on that + head than myself, for I have been connected with his family in a + particular manner from my infancy.” + + Elizabeth could not but look surprised. + + “You may well be surprised, Miss Bennet, at such an assertion, + after seeing, as you probably might, the very cold manner of our + meeting yesterday. Are you much acquainted with Mr. Darcy?” + + “As much as I ever wish to be,” cried Elizabeth very warmly. “I + have spent four days in the same house with him, and I think him + very disagreeable.” + + “I have no right to give _my_ opinion,” said Wickham, “as to his + being agreeable or otherwise. I am not qualified to form one. I + have known him too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is + impossible for _me_ to be impartial. But I believe your opinion + of him would in general astonish—and perhaps you would not + express it quite so strongly anywhere else. Here you are in your + own family.” + + “Upon my word, I say no more _here_ than I might say in any house + in the neighbourhood, except Netherfield. He is not at all liked + in Hertfordshire. Everybody is disgusted with his pride. You will + not find him more favourably spoken of by anyone.” + + “I cannot pretend to be sorry,” said Wickham, after a short + interruption, “that he or that any man should not be estimated + beyond their deserts; but with _him_ I believe it does not often + happen. The world is blinded by his fortune and consequence, or + frightened by his high and imposing manners, and sees him only as + he chooses to be seen.” + + “I should take him, even on _my_ slight acquaintance, to be an + ill-tempered man.” Wickham only shook his head. + + “I wonder,” said he, at the next opportunity of speaking, + “whether he is likely to be in this country much longer.” + + “I do not at all know; but I _heard_ nothing of his going away + when I was at Netherfield. I hope your plans in favour of the + ——shire will not be affected by his being in the neighbourhood.” + + “Oh! no—it is not for _me_ to be driven away by Mr. Darcy. If + _he_ wishes to avoid seeing _me_, he must go. We are not on + friendly terms, and it always gives me pain to meet him, but I + have no reason for avoiding _him_ but what I might proclaim + before all the world, a sense of very great ill-usage, and most + painful regrets at his being what he is. His father, Miss Bennet, + the late Mr. Darcy, was one of the best men that ever breathed, + and the truest friend I ever had; and I can never be in company + with this Mr. Darcy without being grieved to the soul by a + thousand tender recollections. His behaviour to myself has been + scandalous; but I verily believe I could forgive him anything and + everything, rather than his disappointing the hopes and + disgracing the memory of his father.” + + Elizabeth found the interest of the subject increase, and + listened with all her heart; but the delicacy of it prevented + further inquiry. + + Mr. Wickham began to speak on more general topics, Meryton, the + neighbourhood, the society, appearing highly pleased with all + that he had yet seen, and speaking of the latter with gentle but + very intelligible gallantry. + + “It was the prospect of constant society, and good society,” he + added, “which was my chief inducement to enter the ——shire. I + knew it to be a most respectable, agreeable corps, and my friend + Denny tempted me further by his account of their present + quarters, and the very great attentions and excellent + acquaintances Meryton had procured them. Society, I own, is + necessary to me. I have been a disappointed man, and my spirits + will not bear solitude. I _must_ have employment and society. A + military life is not what I was intended for, but circumstances + have now made it eligible. The church _ought_ to have been my + profession—I was brought up for the church, and I should at this + time have been in possession of a most valuable living, had it + pleased the gentleman we were speaking of just now.” + + “Indeed!” + + “Yes—the late Mr. Darcy bequeathed me the next presentation of + the best living in his gift. He was my godfather, and excessively + attached to me. I cannot do justice to his kindness. He meant to + provide for me amply, and thought he had done it; but when the + living fell, it was given elsewhere.” + + “Good heavens!” cried Elizabeth; “but how could _that_ be? How + could his will be disregarded? Why did you not seek legal + redress?” + + “There was just such an informality in the terms of the bequest + as to give me no hope from law. A man of honour could not have + doubted the intention, but Mr. Darcy chose to doubt it—or to + treat it as a merely conditional recommendation, and to assert + that I had forfeited all claim to it by extravagance, + imprudence—in short anything or nothing. Certain it is, that the + living became vacant two years ago, exactly as I was of an age to + hold it, and that it was given to another man; and no less + certain is it, that I cannot accuse myself of having really done + anything to deserve to lose it. I have a warm, unguarded temper, + and I may have spoken my opinion _of_ him, and _to_ him, too + freely. I can recall nothing worse. But the fact is, that we are + very different sort of men, and that he hates me.” + + “This is quite shocking! He deserves to be publicly disgraced.” + + “Some time or other he _will_ be—but it shall not be by _me_. + Till I can forget his father, I can never defy or expose _him_.” + + Elizabeth honoured him for such feelings, and thought him + handsomer than ever as he expressed them. + + “But what,” said she, after a pause, “can have been his motive? + What can have induced him to behave so cruelly?” + + “A thorough, determined dislike of me—a dislike which I cannot + but attribute in some measure to jealousy. Had the late Mr. Darcy + liked me less, his son might have borne with me better; but his + father’s uncommon attachment to me irritated him, I believe, very + early in life. He had not a temper to bear the sort of + competition in which we stood—the sort of preference which was + often given me.” + + “I had not thought Mr. Darcy so bad as this—though I have never + liked him. I had not thought so very ill of him. I had supposed + him to be despising his fellow-creatures in general, but did not + suspect him of descending to such malicious revenge, such + injustice, such inhumanity as this.” + + After a few minutes’ reflection, however, she continued, “I _do_ + remember his boasting one day, at Netherfield, of the + implacability of his resentments, of his having an unforgiving + temper. His disposition must be dreadful.” + + “I will not trust myself on the subject,” replied Wickham; “_I_ + can hardly be just to him.” + + Elizabeth was again deep in thought, and after a time exclaimed, + “To treat in such a manner the godson, the friend, the favourite + of his father!” She could have added, “A young man, too, like + _you_, whose very countenance may vouch for your being + amiable”—but she contented herself with, “and one, too, who had + probably been his companion from childhood, connected together, + as I think you said, in the closest manner!” + + “We were born in the same parish, within the same park; the + greatest part of our youth was passed together; inmates of the + same house, sharing the same amusements, objects of the same + parental care. _My_ father began life in the profession which + your uncle, Mr. Phillips, appears to do so much credit to—but he + gave up everything to be of use to the late Mr. Darcy and devoted + all his time to the care of the Pemberley property. He was most + highly esteemed by Mr. Darcy, a most intimate, confidential + friend. Mr. Darcy often acknowledged himself to be under the + greatest obligations to my father’s active superintendence, and + when, immediately before my father’s death, Mr. Darcy gave him a + voluntary promise of providing for me, I am convinced that he + felt it to be as much a debt of gratitude to _him_, as of his + affection to myself.” + + “How strange!” cried Elizabeth. “How abominable! I wonder that + the very pride of this Mr. Darcy has not made him just to you! If + from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to + be dishonest—for dishonesty I must call it.” + + “It _is_ wonderful,” replied Wickham, “for almost all his actions + may be traced to pride; and pride had often been his best friend. + It has connected him nearer with virtue than with any other + feeling. But we are none of us consistent, and in his behaviour + to me there were stronger impulses even than pride.” + + “Can such abominable pride as his have ever done him good?” + + “Yes. It has often led him to be liberal and generous, to give + his money freely, to display hospitality, to assist his tenants, + and relieve the poor. Family pride, and _filial_ pride—for he is + very proud of what his father was—have done this. Not to appear + to disgrace his family, to degenerate from the popular qualities, + or lose the influence of the Pemberley House, is a powerful + motive. He has also _brotherly_ pride, which, with _some_ + brotherly affection, makes him a very kind and careful guardian + of his sister, and you will hear him generally cried up as the + most attentive and best of brothers.” + + “What sort of girl is Miss Darcy?” + + He shook his head. “I wish I could call her amiable. It gives me + pain to speak ill of a Darcy. But she is too much like her + brother—very, very proud. As a child, she was affectionate and + pleasing, and extremely fond of me; and I have devoted hours and + hours to her amusement. But she is nothing to me now. She is a + handsome girl, about fifteen or sixteen, and, I understand, + highly accomplished. Since her father’s death, her home has been + London, where a lady lives with her, and superintends her + education.” + + After many pauses and many trials of other subjects, Elizabeth + could not help reverting once more to the first, and saying: + + “I am astonished at his intimacy with Mr. Bingley! How can Mr. + Bingley, who seems good humour itself, and is, I really believe, + truly amiable, be in friendship with such a man? How can they + suit each other? Do you know Mr. Bingley?” + + “Not at all.” + + “He is a sweet-tempered, amiable, charming man. He cannot know + what Mr. Darcy is.” + + “Probably not; but Mr. Darcy can please where he chooses. He does + not want abilities. He can be a conversible companion if he + thinks it worth his while. Among those who are at all his equals + in consequence, he is a very different man from what he is to the + less prosperous. His pride never deserts him; but with the rich + he is liberal-minded, just, sincere, rational, honourable, and + perhaps agreeable—allowing something for fortune and figure.” + + The whist party soon afterwards breaking up, the players gathered + round the other table and Mr. Collins took his station between + his cousin Elizabeth and Mrs. Phillips. The usual inquiries as to + his success were made by the latter. It had not been very great; + he had lost every point; but when Mrs. Phillips began to express + her concern thereupon, he assured her with much earnest gravity + that it was not of the least importance, that he considered the + money as a mere trifle, and begged that she would not make + herself uneasy. + + “I know very well, madam,” said he, “that when persons sit down + to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, + and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five + shillings any object. There are undoubtedly many who could not + say the same, but thanks to Lady Catherine de Bourgh, I am + removed far beyond the necessity of regarding little matters.” + + Mr. Wickham’s attention was caught; and after observing Mr. + Collins for a few moments, he asked Elizabeth in a low voice + whether her relation was very intimately acquainted with the + family of de Bourgh. + + “Lady Catherine de Bourgh,” she replied, “has very lately given + him a living. I hardly know how Mr. Collins was first introduced + to her notice, but he certainly has not known her long.” + + “You know of course that Lady Catherine de Bourgh and Lady Anne + Darcy were sisters; consequently that she is aunt to the present + Mr. Darcy.” + + “No, indeed, I did not. I knew nothing at all of Lady Catherine’s + connections. I never heard of her existence till the day before + yesterday.” + + “Her daughter, Miss de Bourgh, will have a very large fortune, + and it is believed that she and her cousin will unite the two + estates.” + + This information made Elizabeth smile, as she thought of poor + Miss Bingley. Vain indeed must be all her attentions, vain and + useless her affection for his sister and her praise of himself, + if he were already self-destined for another. + + “Mr. Collins,” said she, “speaks highly both of Lady Catherine + and her daughter; but from some particulars that he has related + of her ladyship, I suspect his gratitude misleads him, and that + in spite of her being his patroness, she is an arrogant, + conceited woman.” + + “I believe her to be both in a great degree,” replied Wickham; “I + have not seen her for many years, but I very well remember that I + never liked her, and that her manners were dictatorial and + insolent. She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and + clever; but I rather believe she derives part of her abilities + from her rank and fortune, part from her authoritative manner, + and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses that + everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the + first class.” + + Elizabeth allowed that he had given a very rational account of + it, and they continued talking together, with mutual satisfaction + till supper put an end to cards, and gave the rest of the ladies + their share of Mr. Wickham’s attentions. There could be no + conversation in the noise of Mrs. Phillips’s supper party, but + his manners recommended him to everybody. Whatever he said, was + said well; and whatever he did, done gracefully. Elizabeth went + away with her head full of him. She could think of nothing but of + Mr. Wickham, and of what he had told her, all the way home; but + there was not time for her even to mention his name as they went, + for neither Lydia nor Mr. Collins were once silent. Lydia talked + incessantly of lottery tickets, of the fish she had lost and the + fish she had won; and Mr. Collins in describing the civility of + Mr. and Mrs. Phillips, protesting that he did not in the least + regard his losses at whist, enumerating all the dishes at supper, + and repeatedly fearing that he crowded his cousins, had more to + say than he could well manage before the carriage stopped at + Longbourn House. + + + + + Chapter 17 + + Elizabeth related to Jane the next day what had passed between + Mr. Wickham and herself. Jane listened with astonishment and + concern; she knew not how to believe that Mr. Darcy could be so + unworthy of Mr. Bingley’s regard; and yet, it was not in her + nature to question the veracity of a young man of such amiable + appearance as Wickham. The possibility of his having endured such + unkindness, was enough to interest all her tender feelings; and + nothing remained therefore to be done, but to think well of them + both, to defend the conduct of each, and throw into the account + of accident or mistake whatever could not be otherwise explained. + + “They have both,” said she, “been deceived, I dare say, in some + way or other, of which we can form no idea. Interested people + have perhaps misrepresented each to the other. It is, in short, + impossible for us to conjecture the causes or circumstances which + may have alienated them, without actual blame on either side.” + + “Very true, indeed; and now, my dear Jane, what have you got to + say on behalf of the interested people who have probably been + concerned in the business? Do clear _them_ too, or we shall be + obliged to think ill of somebody.” + + “Laugh as much as you choose, but you will not laugh me out of my + opinion. My dearest Lizzy, do but consider in what a disgraceful + light it places Mr. Darcy, to be treating his father’s favourite + in such a manner, one whom his father had promised to provide + for. It is impossible. No man of common humanity, no man who had + any value for his character, could be capable of it. Can his most + intimate friends be so excessively deceived in him? Oh! no.” + + “I can much more easily believe Mr. Bingley’s being imposed on, + than that Mr. Wickham should invent such a history of himself as + he gave me last night; names, facts, everything mentioned without + ceremony. If it be not so, let Mr. Darcy contradict it. Besides, + there was truth in his looks.” + + “It is difficult indeed—it is distressing. One does not know what + to think.” + + “I beg your pardon; one knows exactly what to think.” + + But Jane could think with certainty on only one point—that Mr. + Bingley, if he _had been_ imposed on, would have much to suffer + when the affair became public. + + The two young ladies were summoned from the shrubbery, where this + conversation passed, by the arrival of the very persons of whom + they had been speaking; Mr. Bingley and his sisters came to give + their personal invitation for the long-expected ball at + Netherfield, which was fixed for the following Tuesday. The two + ladies were delighted to see their dear friend again, called it + an age since they had met, and repeatedly asked what she had been + doing with herself since their separation. To the rest of the + family they paid little attention; avoiding Mrs. Bennet as much + as possible, saying not much to Elizabeth, and nothing at all to + the others. They were soon gone again, rising from their seats + with an activity which took their brother by surprise, and + hurrying off as if eager to escape from Mrs. Bennet’s civilities. + + The prospect of the Netherfield ball was extremely agreeable to + every female of the family. Mrs. Bennet chose to consider it as + given in compliment to her eldest daughter, and was particularly + flattered by receiving the invitation from Mr. Bingley himself, + instead of a ceremonious card. Jane pictured to herself a happy + evening in the society of her two friends, and the attentions of + their brother; and Elizabeth thought with pleasure of dancing a + great deal with Mr. Wickham, and of seeing a confirmation of + everything in Mr. Darcy’s look and behaviour. The happiness + anticipated by Catherine and Lydia depended less on any single + event, or any particular person, for though they each, like + Elizabeth, meant to dance half the evening with Mr. Wickham, he + was by no means the only partner who could satisfy them, and a + ball was, at any rate, a ball. And even Mary could assure her + family that she had no disinclination for it. + + “While I can have my mornings to myself,” said she, “it is + enough—I think it is no sacrifice to join occasionally in evening + engagements. Society has claims on us all; and I profess myself + one of those who consider intervals of recreation and amusement + as desirable for everybody.” + + Elizabeth’s spirits were so high on this occasion, that though + she did not often speak unnecessarily to Mr. Collins, she could + not help asking him whether he intended to accept Mr. Bingley’s + invitation, and if he did, whether he would think it proper to + join in the evening’s amusement; and she was rather surprised to + find that he entertained no scruple whatever on that head, and + was very far from dreading a rebuke either from the Archbishop, + or Lady Catherine de Bourgh, by venturing to dance. + + “I am by no means of the opinion, I assure you,” said he, “that a + ball of this kind, given by a young man of character, to + respectable people, can have any evil tendency; and I am so far + from objecting to dancing myself, that I shall hope to be + honoured with the hands of all my fair cousins in the course of + the evening; and I take this opportunity of soliciting yours, + Miss Elizabeth, for the two first dances especially, a preference + which I trust my cousin Jane will attribute to the right cause, + and not to any disrespect for her.” + + Elizabeth felt herself completely taken in. She had fully + proposed being engaged by Mr. Wickham for those very dances; and + to have Mr. Collins instead! her liveliness had never been worse + timed. There was no help for it, however. Mr. Wickham’s happiness + and her own were perforce delayed a little longer, and Mr. + Collins’s proposal accepted with as good a grace as she could. + She was not the better pleased with his gallantry from the idea + it suggested of something more. It now first struck her, that + _she_ was selected from among her sisters as worthy of being + mistress of Hunsford Parsonage, and of assisting to form a + quadrille table at Rosings, in the absence of more eligible + visitors. The idea soon reached to conviction, as she observed + his increasing civilities toward herself, and heard his frequent + attempt at a compliment on her wit and vivacity; and though more + astonished than gratified herself by this effect of her charms, + it was not long before her mother gave her to understand that the + probability of their marriage was extremely agreeable to _her_. + Elizabeth, however, did not choose to take the hint, being well + aware that a serious dispute must be the consequence of any + reply. Mr. Collins might never make the offer, and till he did, + it was useless to quarrel about him. + + If there had not been a Netherfield ball to prepare for and talk + of, the younger Miss Bennets would have been in a very pitiable + state at this time, for from the day of the invitation, to the + day of the ball, there was such a succession of rain as prevented + their walking to Meryton once. No aunt, no officers, no news + could be sought after—the very shoe-roses for Netherfield were + got by proxy. Even Elizabeth might have found some trial of her + patience in weather which totally suspended the improvement of + her acquaintance with Mr. Wickham; and nothing less than a dance + on Tuesday, could have made such a Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and + Monday endurable to Kitty and Lydia. + + + + + Chapter 18 + + Till Elizabeth entered the drawing-room at Netherfield, and + looked in vain for Mr. Wickham among the cluster of red coats + there assembled, a doubt of his being present had never occurred + to her. The certainty of meeting him had not been checked by any + of those recollections that might not unreasonably have alarmed + her. She had dressed with more than usual care, and prepared in + the highest spirits for the conquest of all that remained + unsubdued of his heart, trusting that it was not more than might + be won in the course of the evening. But in an instant arose the + dreadful suspicion of his being purposely omitted for Mr. Darcy’s + pleasure in the Bingleys’ invitation to the officers; and though + this was not exactly the case, the absolute fact of his absence + was pronounced by his friend Denny, to whom Lydia eagerly + applied, and who told them that Wickham had been obliged to go to + town on business the day before, and was not yet returned; + adding, with a significant smile, “I do not imagine his business + would have called him away just now, if he had not wanted to + avoid a certain gentleman here.” + + This part of his intelligence, though unheard by Lydia, was + caught by Elizabeth, and, as it assured her that Darcy was not + less answerable for Wickham’s absence than if her first surmise + had been just, every feeling of displeasure against the former + was so sharpened by immediate disappointment, that she could + hardly reply with tolerable civility to the polite inquiries + which he directly afterwards approached to make. Attendance, + forbearance, patience with Darcy, was injury to Wickham. She was + resolved against any sort of conversation with him, and turned + away with a degree of ill-humour which she could not wholly + surmount even in speaking to Mr. Bingley, whose blind partiality + provoked her. + + But Elizabeth was not formed for ill-humour; and though every + prospect of her own was destroyed for the evening, it could not + dwell long on her spirits; and having told all her griefs to + Charlotte Lucas, whom she had not seen for a week, she was soon + able to make a voluntary transition to the oddities of her + cousin, and to point him out to her particular notice. The first + two dances, however, brought a return of distress; they were + dances of mortification. Mr. Collins, awkward and solemn, + apologising instead of attending, and often moving wrong without + being aware of it, gave her all the shame and misery which a + disagreeable partner for a couple of dances can give. The moment + of her release from him was ecstasy. + + She danced next with an officer, and had the refreshment of + talking of Wickham, and of hearing that he was universally liked. + When those dances were over, she returned to Charlotte Lucas, and + was in conversation with her, when she found herself suddenly + addressed by Mr. Darcy who took her so much by surprise in his + application for her hand, that, without knowing what she did, she + accepted him. He walked away again immediately, and she was left + to fret over her own want of presence of mind; Charlotte tried to + console her: + + “I dare say you will find him very agreeable.” + + “Heaven forbid! _That_ would be the greatest misfortune of all! + To find a man agreeable whom one is determined to hate! Do not + wish me such an evil.” + + When the dancing recommenced, however, and Darcy approached to + claim her hand, Charlotte could not help cautioning her in a + whisper, not to be a simpleton, and allow her fancy for Wickham + to make her appear unpleasant in the eyes of a man ten times his + consequence. Elizabeth made no answer, and took her place in the + set, amazed at the dignity to which she was arrived in being + allowed to stand opposite to Mr. Darcy, and reading in her + neighbours’ looks, their equal amazement in beholding it. They + stood for some time without speaking a word; and she began to + imagine that their silence was to last through the two dances, + and at first was resolved not to break it; till suddenly fancying + that it would be the greater punishment to her partner to oblige + him to talk, she made some slight observation on the dance. He + replied, and was again silent. After a pause of some minutes, she + addressed him a second time with:—“It is _your_ turn to say + something now, Mr. Darcy. _I_ talked about the dance, and _you_ + ought to make some sort of remark on the size of the room, or the + number of couples.” + + He smiled, and assured her that whatever she wished him to say + should be said. + + “Very well. That reply will do for the present. Perhaps by and by + I may observe that private balls are much pleasanter than public + ones. But _now_ we may be silent.” + + “Do you talk by rule, then, while you are dancing?” + + “Sometimes. One must speak a little, you know. It would look odd + to be entirely silent for half an hour together; and yet for the + advantage of _some_, conversation ought to be so arranged, as + that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.” + + “Are you consulting your own feelings in the present case, or do + you imagine that you are gratifying mine?” + + “Both,” replied Elizabeth archly; “for I have always seen a great + similarity in the turn of our minds. We are each of an unsocial, + taciturn disposition, unwilling to speak, unless we expect to say + something that will amaze the whole room, and be handed down to + posterity with all the _éclat_ of a proverb.” + + “This is no very striking resemblance of your own character, I am + sure,” said he. “How near it may be to _mine_, I cannot pretend + to say. _You_ think it a faithful portrait undoubtedly.” + + “I must not decide on my own performance.” + + He made no answer, and they were again silent till they had gone + down the dance, when he asked her if she and her sisters did not + very often walk to Meryton. She answered in the affirmative, and, + unable to resist the temptation, added, “When you met us there + the other day, we had just been forming a new acquaintance.” + + The effect was immediate. A deeper shade of _hauteur_ overspread + his features, but he said not a word, and Elizabeth, though + blaming herself for her own weakness, could not go on. At length + Darcy spoke, and in a constrained manner said, “Mr. Wickham is + blessed with such happy manners as may ensure his _making_ + friends—whether he may be equally capable of _retaining_ them, is + less certain.” + + “He has been so unlucky as to lose your friendship,” replied + Elizabeth with emphasis, “and in a manner which he is likely to + suffer from all his life.” + + Darcy made no answer, and seemed desirous of changing the + subject. At that moment, Sir William Lucas appeared close to + them, meaning to pass through the set to the other side of the + room; but on perceiving Mr. Darcy, he stopped with a bow of + superior courtesy to compliment him on his dancing and his + partner. + + “I have been most highly gratified indeed, my dear sir. Such very + superior dancing is not often seen. It is evident that you belong + to the first circles. Allow me to say, however, that your fair + partner does not disgrace you, and that I must hope to have this + pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable + event, my dear Eliza (glancing at her sister and Bingley) shall + take place. What congratulations will then flow in! I appeal to + Mr. Darcy:—but let me not interrupt you, sir. You will not thank + me for detaining you from the bewitching converse of that young + lady, whose bright eyes are also upbraiding me.” + + The latter part of this address was scarcely heard by Darcy; but + Sir William’s allusion to his friend seemed to strike him + forcibly, and his eyes were directed with a very serious + expression towards Bingley and Jane, who were dancing together. + Recovering himself, however, shortly, he turned to his partner, + and said, “Sir William’s interruption has made me forget what we + were talking of.” + + “I do not think we were speaking at all. Sir William could not + have interrupted two people in the room who had less to say for + themselves. We have tried two or three subjects already without + success, and what we are to talk of next I cannot imagine.” + + “What think you of books?” said he, smiling. + + “Books—oh! no. I am sure we never read the same, or not with the + same feelings.” + + “I am sorry you think so; but if that be the case, there can at + least be no want of subject. We may compare our different + opinions.” + + “No—I cannot talk of books in a ball-room; my head is always full + of something else.” + + “The _present_ always occupies you in such scenes—does it?” said + he, with a look of doubt. + + “Yes, always,” she replied, without knowing what she said, for + her thoughts had wandered far from the subject, as soon + afterwards appeared by her suddenly exclaiming, “I remember + hearing you once say, Mr. Darcy, that you hardly ever forgave, + that your resentment once created was unappeasable. You are very + cautious, I suppose, as to its _being created?_” + + “I am,” said he, with a firm voice. + + “And never allow yourself to be blinded by prejudice?” + + “I hope not.” + + “It is particularly incumbent on those who never change their + opinion, to be secure of judging properly at first.” + + “May I ask to what these questions tend?” + + “Merely to the illustration of _your_ character,” said she, + endeavouring to shake off her gravity. “I am trying to make it + out.” + + “And what is your success?” + + She shook her head. “I do not get on at all. I hear such + different accounts of you as puzzle me exceedingly.” + + “I can readily believe,” answered he gravely, “that reports may + vary greatly with respect to me; and I could wish, Miss Bennet, + that you were not to sketch my character at the present moment, + as there is reason to fear that the performance would reflect no + credit on either.” + + “But if I do not take your likeness now, I may never have another + opportunity.” + + “I would by no means suspend any pleasure of yours,” he coldly + replied. She said no more, and they went down the other dance and + parted in silence; and on each side dissatisfied, though not to + an equal degree, for in Darcy’s breast there was a tolerably + powerful feeling towards her, which soon procured her pardon, and + directed all his anger against another. + + They had not long separated, when Miss Bingley came towards her, + and with an expression of civil disdain accosted her: + + “So, Miss Eliza, I hear you are quite delighted with George + Wickham! Your sister has been talking to me about him, and asking + me a thousand questions; and I find that the young man quite + forgot to tell you, among his other communication, that he was + the son of old Wickham, the late Mr. Darcy’s steward. Let me + recommend you, however, as a friend, not to give implicit + confidence to all his assertions; for as to Mr. Darcy’s using him + ill, it is perfectly false; for, on the contrary, he has always + been remarkably kind to him, though George Wickham has treated + Mr. Darcy in a most infamous manner. I do not know the + particulars, but I know very well that Mr. Darcy is not in the + least to blame, that he cannot bear to hear George Wickham + mentioned, and that though my brother thought that he could not + well avoid including him in his invitation to the officers, he + was excessively glad to find that he had taken himself out of the + way. His coming into the country at all is a most insolent thing, + indeed, and I wonder how he could presume to do it. I pity you, + Miss Eliza, for this discovery of your favourite’s guilt; but + really, considering his descent, one could not expect much + better.” + + “His guilt and his descent appear by your account to be the + same,” said Elizabeth angrily; “for I have heard you accuse him + of nothing worse than of being the son of Mr. Darcy’s steward, + and of _that_, I can assure you, he informed me himself.” + + “I beg your pardon,” replied Miss Bingley, turning away with a + sneer. “Excuse my interference—it was kindly meant.” + + “Insolent girl!” said Elizabeth to herself. “You are much + mistaken if you expect to influence me by such a paltry attack as + this. I see nothing in it but your own wilful ignorance and the + malice of Mr. Darcy.” She then sought her eldest sister, who had + undertaken to make inquiries on the same subject of Bingley. Jane + met her with a smile of such sweet complacency, a glow of such + happy expression, as sufficiently marked how well she was + satisfied with the occurrences of the evening. Elizabeth + instantly read her feelings, and at that moment solicitude for + Wickham, resentment against his enemies, and everything else, + gave way before the hope of Jane’s being in the fairest way for + happiness. + + “I want to know,” said she, with a countenance no less smiling + than her sister’s, “what you have learnt about Mr. Wickham. But + perhaps you have been too pleasantly engaged to think of any + third person; in which case you may be sure of my pardon.” + + “No,” replied Jane, “I have not forgotten him; but I have nothing + satisfactory to tell you. Mr. Bingley does not know the whole of + his history, and is quite ignorant of the circumstances which + have principally offended Mr. Darcy; but he will vouch for the + good conduct, the probity, and honour of his friend, and is + perfectly convinced that Mr. Wickham has deserved much less + attention from Mr. Darcy than he has received; and I am sorry to + say by his account as well as his sister’s, Mr. Wickham is by no + means a respectable young man. I am afraid he has been very + imprudent, and has deserved to lose Mr. Darcy’s regard.” + + “Mr. Bingley does not know Mr. Wickham himself?” + + “No; he never saw him till the other morning at Meryton.” + + “This account then is what he has received from Mr. Darcy. I am + satisfied. But what does he say of the living?” + + “He does not exactly recollect the circumstances, though he has + heard them from Mr. Darcy more than once, but he believes that it + was left to him _conditionally_ only.” + + “I have not a doubt of Mr. Bingley’s sincerity,” said Elizabeth + warmly; “but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances + only. Mr. Bingley’s defense of his friend was a very able one, I + dare say; but since he is unacquainted with several parts of the + story, and has learnt the rest from that friend himself, I shall + venture to still think of both gentlemen as I did before.” + + She then changed the discourse to one more gratifying to each, + and on which there could be no difference of sentiment. Elizabeth + listened with delight to the happy, though modest hopes which + Jane entertained of Mr. Bingley’s regard, and said all in her + power to heighten her confidence in it. On their being joined by + Mr. Bingley himself, Elizabeth withdrew to Miss Lucas; to whose + inquiry after the pleasantness of her last partner she had + scarcely replied, before Mr. Collins came up to them, and told + her with great exultation that he had just been so fortunate as + to make a most important discovery. + + “I have found out,” said he, “by a singular accident, that there + is now in the room a near relation of my patroness. I happened to + overhear the gentleman himself mentioning to the young lady who + does the honours of the house the names of his cousin Miss de + Bourgh, and of her mother Lady Catherine. How wonderfully these + sort of things occur! Who would have thought of my meeting with, + perhaps, a nephew of Lady Catherine de Bourgh in this assembly! I + am most thankful that the discovery is made in time for me to pay + my respects to him, which I am now going to do, and trust he will + excuse my not having done it before. My total ignorance of the + connection must plead my apology.” + + “You are not going to introduce yourself to Mr. Darcy!” + + “Indeed I am. I shall entreat his pardon for not having done it + earlier. I believe him to be Lady Catherine’s _nephew_. It will + be in my power to assure him that her ladyship was quite well + yesterday se’nnight.” + + Elizabeth tried hard to dissuade him from such a scheme, assuring + him that Mr. Darcy would consider his addressing him without + introduction as an impertinent freedom, rather than a compliment + to his aunt; that it was not in the least necessary there should + be any notice on either side; and that if it were, it must belong + to Mr. Darcy, the superior in consequence, to begin the + acquaintance. Mr. Collins listened to her with the determined air + of following his own inclination, and, when she ceased speaking, + replied thus: + + “My dear Miss Elizabeth, I have the highest opinion in the world + in your excellent judgement in all matters within the scope of + your understanding; but permit me to say, that there must be a + wide difference between the established forms of ceremony amongst + the laity, and those which regulate the clergy; for, give me + leave to observe that I consider the clerical office as equal in + point of dignity with the highest rank in the kingdom—provided + that a proper humility of behaviour is at the same time + maintained. You must therefore allow me to follow the dictates of + my conscience on this occasion, which leads me to perform what I + look on as a point of duty. Pardon me for neglecting to profit by + your advice, which on every other subject shall be my constant + guide, though in the case before us I consider myself more fitted + by education and habitual study to decide on what is right than a + young lady like yourself.” And with a low bow he left her to + attack Mr. Darcy, whose reception of his advances she eagerly + watched, and whose astonishment at being so addressed was very + evident. Her cousin prefaced his speech with a solemn bow and + though she could not hear a word of it, she felt as if hearing it + all, and saw in the motion of his lips the words “apology,” + “Hunsford,” and “Lady Catherine de Bourgh.” It vexed her to see + him expose himself to such a man. Mr. Darcy was eyeing him with + unrestrained wonder, and when at last Mr. Collins allowed him + time to speak, replied with an air of distant civility. Mr. + Collins, however, was not discouraged from speaking again, and + Mr. Darcy’s contempt seemed abundantly increasing with the length + of his second speech, and at the end of it he only made him a + slight bow, and moved another way. Mr. Collins then returned to + Elizabeth. + + “I have no reason, I assure you,” said he, “to be dissatisfied + with my reception. Mr. Darcy seemed much pleased with the + attention. He answered me with the utmost civility, and even paid + me the compliment of saying that he was so well convinced of Lady + Catherine’s discernment as to be certain she could never bestow a + favour unworthily. It was really a very handsome thought. Upon + the whole, I am much pleased with him.” + + As Elizabeth had no longer any interest of her own to pursue, she + turned her attention almost entirely on her sister and Mr. + Bingley; and the train of agreeable reflections which her + observations gave birth to, made her perhaps almost as happy as + Jane. She saw her in idea settled in that very house, in all the + felicity which a marriage of true affection could bestow; and she + felt capable, under such circumstances, of endeavouring even to + like Bingley’s two sisters. Her mother’s thoughts she plainly saw + were bent the same way, and she determined not to venture near + her, lest she might hear too much. When they sat down to supper, + therefore, she considered it a most unlucky perverseness which + placed them within one of each other; and deeply was she vexed to + find that her mother was talking to that one person (Lady Lucas) + freely, openly, and of nothing else but her expectation that Jane + would soon be married to Mr. Bingley. It was an animating + subject, and Mrs. Bennet seemed incapable of fatigue while + enumerating the advantages of the match. His being such a + charming young man, and so rich, and living but three miles from + them, were the first points of self-gratulation; and then it was + such a comfort to think how fond the two sisters were of Jane, + and to be certain that they must desire the connection as much as + she could do. It was, moreover, such a promising thing for her + younger daughters, as Jane’s marrying so greatly must throw them + in the way of other rich men; and lastly, it was so pleasant at + her time of life to be able to consign her single daughters to + the care of their sister, that she might not be obliged to go + into company more than she liked. It was necessary to make this + circumstance a matter of pleasure, because on such occasions it + is the etiquette; but no one was less likely than Mrs. Bennet to + find comfort in staying home at any period of her life. She + concluded with many good wishes that Lady Lucas might soon be + equally fortunate, though evidently and triumphantly believing + there was no chance of it. + + In vain did Elizabeth endeavour to check the rapidity of her + mother’s words, or persuade her to describe her felicity in a + less audible whisper; for, to her inexpressible vexation, she + could perceive that the chief of it was overheard by Mr. Darcy, + who sat opposite to them. Her mother only scolded her for being + nonsensical. + + “What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him? I + am sure we owe him no such particular civility as to be obliged + to say nothing _he_ may not like to hear.” + + “For heaven’s sake, madam, speak lower. What advantage can it be + for you to offend Mr. Darcy? You will never recommend yourself to + his friend by so doing!” + + Nothing that she could say, however, had any influence. Her + mother would talk of her views in the same intelligible tone. + Elizabeth blushed and blushed again with shame and vexation. She + could not help frequently glancing her eye at Mr. Darcy, though + every glance convinced her of what she dreaded; for though he was + not always looking at her mother, she was convinced that his + attention was invariably fixed by her. The expression of his face + changed gradually from indignant contempt to a composed and + steady gravity. + + At length, however, Mrs. Bennet had no more to say; and Lady + Lucas, who had been long yawning at the repetition of delights + which she saw no likelihood of sharing, was left to the comforts + of cold ham and chicken. Elizabeth now began to revive. But not + long was the interval of tranquillity; for, when supper was over, + singing was talked of, and she had the mortification of seeing + Mary, after very little entreaty, preparing to oblige the + company. By many significant looks and silent entreaties, did she + endeavour to prevent such a proof of complaisance, but in vain; + Mary would not understand them; such an opportunity of exhibiting + was delightful to her, and she began her song. Elizabeth’s eyes + were fixed on her with most painful sensations, and she watched + her progress through the several stanzas with an impatience which + was very ill rewarded at their close; for Mary, on receiving, + amongst the thanks of the table, the hint of a hope that she + might be prevailed on to favour them again, after the pause of + half a minute began another. Mary’s powers were by no means + fitted for such a display; her voice was weak, and her manner + affected. Elizabeth was in agonies. She looked at Jane, to see + how she bore it; but Jane was very composedly talking to Bingley. + She looked at his two sisters, and saw them making signs of + derision at each other, and at Darcy, who continued, however, + imperturbably grave. She looked at her father to entreat his + interference, lest Mary should be singing all night. He took the + hint, and when Mary had finished her second song, said aloud, + “That will do extremely well, child. You have delighted us long + enough. Let the other young ladies have time to exhibit.” + + Mary, though pretending not to hear, was somewhat disconcerted; + and Elizabeth, sorry for her, and sorry for her father’s speech, + was afraid her anxiety had done no good. Others of the party were + now applied to. + + “If I,” said Mr. Collins, “were so fortunate as to be able to + sing, I should have great pleasure, I am sure, in obliging the + company with an air; for I consider music as a very innocent + diversion, and perfectly compatible with the profession of a + clergyman. I do not mean, however, to assert that we can be + justified in devoting too much of our time to music, for there + are certainly other things to be attended to. The rector of a + parish has much to do. In the first place, he must make such an + agreement for tithes as may be beneficial to himself and not + offensive to his patron. He must write his own sermons; and the + time that remains will not be too much for his parish duties, and + the care and improvement of his dwelling, which he cannot be + excused from making as comfortable as possible. And I do not + think it of light importance that he should have attentive and + conciliatory manners towards everybody, especially towards those + to whom he owes his preferment. I cannot acquit him of that duty; + nor could I think well of the man who should omit an occasion of + testifying his respect towards anybody connected with the + family.” And with a bow to Mr. Darcy, he concluded his speech, + which had been spoken so loud as to be heard by half the room. + Many stared—many smiled; but no one looked more amused than Mr. + Bennet himself, while his wife seriously commended Mr. Collins + for having spoken so sensibly, and observed in a half-whisper to + Lady Lucas, that he was a remarkably clever, good kind of young + man. + + To Elizabeth it appeared that, had her family made an agreement + to expose themselves as much as they could during the evening, it + would have been impossible for them to play their parts with more + spirit or finer success; and happy did she think it for Bingley + and her sister that some of the exhibition had escaped his + notice, and that his feelings were not of a sort to be much + distressed by the folly which he must have witnessed. That his + two sisters and Mr. Darcy, however, should have such an + opportunity of ridiculing her relations, was bad enough, and she + could not determine whether the silent contempt of the gentleman, + or the insolent smiles of the ladies, were more intolerable. + + The rest of the evening brought her little amusement. She was + teased by Mr. Collins, who continued most perseveringly by her + side, and though he could not prevail on her to dance with him + again, put it out of her power to dance with others. In vain did + she entreat him to stand up with somebody else, and offer to + introduce him to any young lady in the room. He assured her, that + as to dancing, he was perfectly indifferent to it; that his chief + object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her and + that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her + the whole evening. There was no arguing upon such a project. She + owed her greatest relief to her friend Miss Lucas, who often + joined them, and good-naturedly engaged Mr. Collins’s + conversation to herself. + + She was at least free from the offense of Mr. Darcy’s further + notice; though often standing within a very short distance of + her, quite disengaged, he never came near enough to speak. She + felt it to be the probable consequence of her allusions to Mr. + Wickham, and rejoiced in it. + + The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, + and, by a manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their + carriage a quarter of an hour after everybody else was gone, + which gave them time to see how heartily they were wished away by + some of the family. Mrs. Hurst and her sister scarcely opened + their mouths, except to complain of fatigue, and were evidently + impatient to have the house to themselves. They repulsed every + attempt of Mrs. Bennet at conversation, and by so doing threw a + languor over the whole party, which was very little relieved by + the long speeches of Mr. Collins, who was complimenting Mr. + Bingley and his sisters on the elegance of their entertainment, + and the hospitality and politeness which had marked their + behaviour to their guests. Darcy said nothing at all. Mr. Bennet, + in equal silence, was enjoying the scene. Mr. Bingley and Jane + were standing together, a little detached from the rest, and + talked only to each other. Elizabeth preserved as steady a + silence as either Mrs. Hurst or Miss Bingley; and even Lydia was + too much fatigued to utter more than the occasional exclamation + of “Lord, how tired I am!” accompanied by a violent yawn. + + When at length they arose to take leave, Mrs. Bennet was most + pressingly civil in her hope of seeing the whole family soon at + Longbourn, and addressed herself especially to Mr. Bingley, to + assure him how happy he would make them by eating a family dinner + with them at any time, without the ceremony of a formal + invitation. Bingley was all grateful pleasure, and he readily + engaged for taking the earliest opportunity of waiting on her, + after his return from London, whither he was obliged to go the + next day for a short time. + + Mrs. Bennet was perfectly satisfied, and quitted the house under + the delightful persuasion that, allowing for the necessary + preparations of settlements, new carriages, and wedding clothes, + she should undoubtedly see her daughter settled at Netherfield in + the course of three or four months. Of having another daughter + married to Mr. Collins, she thought with equal certainty, and + with considerable, though not equal, pleasure. Elizabeth was the + least dear to her of all her children; and though the man and the + match were quite good enough for _her_, the worth of each was + eclipsed by Mr. Bingley and Netherfield. + + + + + Chapter 19 + + The next day opened a new scene at Longbourn. Mr. Collins made + his declaration in form. Having resolved to do it without loss of + time, as his leave of absence extended only to the following + Saturday, and having no feelings of diffidence to make it + distressing to himself even at the moment, he set about it in a + very orderly manner, with all the observances, which he supposed + a regular part of the business. On finding Mrs. Bennet, + Elizabeth, and one of the younger girls together, soon after + breakfast, he addressed the mother in these words: + + “May I hope, madam, for your interest with your fair daughter + Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience + with her in the course of this morning?” + + Before Elizabeth had time for anything but a blush of surprise, + Mrs. Bennet answered instantly, “Oh dear!—yes—certainly. I am + sure Lizzy will be very happy—I am sure she can have no + objection. Come, Kitty, I want you up stairs.” And, gathering her + work together, she was hastening away, when Elizabeth called out: + + “Dear madam, do not go. I beg you will not go. Mr. Collins must + excuse me. He can have nothing to say to me that anybody need not + hear. I am going away myself.” + + “No, no, nonsense, Lizzy. I desire you to stay where you are.” + And upon Elizabeth’s seeming really, with vexed and embarrassed + looks, about to escape, she added: “Lizzy, I _insist_ upon your + staying and hearing Mr. Collins.” + + Elizabeth would not oppose such an injunction—and a moment’s + consideration making her also sensible that it would be wisest to + get it over as soon and as quietly as possible, she sat down + again and tried to conceal, by incessant employment the feelings + which were divided between distress and diversion. Mrs. Bennet + and Kitty walked off, and as soon as they were gone, Mr. Collins + began. + + “Believe me, my dear Miss Elizabeth, that your modesty, so far + from doing you any disservice, rather adds to your other + perfections. You would have been less amiable in my eyes had + there _not_ been this little unwillingness; but allow me to + assure you, that I have your respected mother’s permission for + this address. You can hardly doubt the purport of my discourse, + however your natural delicacy may lead you to dissemble; my + attentions have been too marked to be mistaken. Almost as soon as + I entered the house, I singled you out as the companion of my + future life. But before I am run away with by my feelings on this + subject, perhaps it would be advisable for me to state my reasons + for marrying—and, moreover, for coming into Hertfordshire with + the design of selecting a wife, as I certainly did.” + + The idea of Mr. Collins, with all his solemn composure, being run + away with by his feelings, made Elizabeth so near laughing, that + she could not use the short pause he allowed in any attempt to + stop him further, and he continued: + + “My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right + thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to + set the example of matrimony in his parish; secondly, that I am + convinced that it will add very greatly to my happiness; and + thirdly—which perhaps I ought to have mentioned earlier, that it + is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble + lady whom I have the honour of calling patroness. Twice has she + condescended to give me her opinion (unasked too!) on this + subject; and it was but the very Saturday night before I left + Hunsford—between our pools at quadrille, while Mrs. Jenkinson was + arranging Miss de Bourgh’s footstool, that she said, ‘Mr. + Collins, you must marry. A clergyman like you must marry. Choose + properly, choose a gentlewoman for _my_ sake; and for your _own_, + let her be an active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, + but able to make a small income go a good way. This is my advice. + Find such a woman as soon as you can, bring her to Hunsford, and + I will visit her.’ Allow me, by the way, to observe, my fair + cousin, that I do not reckon the notice and kindness of Lady + Catherine de Bourgh as among the least of the advantages in my + power to offer. You will find her manners beyond anything I can + describe; and your wit and vivacity, I think, must be acceptable + to her, especially when tempered with the silence and respect + which her rank will inevitably excite. Thus much for my general + intention in favour of matrimony; it remains to be told why my + views were directed towards Longbourn instead of my own + neighbourhood, where I can assure you there are many amiable + young women. But the fact is, that being, as I am, to inherit + this estate after the death of your honoured father (who, + however, may live many years longer), I could not satisfy myself + without resolving to choose a wife from among his daughters, that + the loss to them might be as little as possible, when the + melancholy event takes place—which, however, as I have already + said, may not be for several years. This has been my motive, my + fair cousin, and I flatter myself it will not sink me in your + esteem. And now nothing remains for me but to assure you in the + most animated language of the violence of my affection. To + fortune I am perfectly indifferent, and shall make no demand of + that nature on your father, since I am well aware that it could + not be complied with; and that one thousand pounds in the four + per cents, which will not be yours till after your mother’s + decease, is all that you may ever be entitled to. On that head, + therefore, I shall be uniformly silent; and you may assure + yourself that no ungenerous reproach shall ever pass my lips when + we are married.” + + It was absolutely necessary to interrupt him now. + + “You are too hasty, sir,” she cried. “You forget that I have made + no answer. Let me do it without further loss of time. Accept my + thanks for the compliment you are paying me. I am very sensible + of the honour of your proposals, but it is impossible for me to + do otherwise than to decline them.” + + “I am not now to learn,” replied Mr. Collins, with a formal wave + of the hand, “that it is usual with young ladies to reject the + addresses of the man whom they secretly mean to accept, when he + first applies for their favour; and that sometimes the refusal is + repeated a second, or even a third time. I am therefore by no + means discouraged by what you have just said, and shall hope to + lead you to the altar ere long.” + + “Upon my word, sir,” cried Elizabeth, “your hope is a rather + extraordinary one after my declaration. I do assure you that I am + not one of those young ladies (if such young ladies there are) + who are so daring as to risk their happiness on the chance of + being asked a second time. I am perfectly serious in my refusal. + You could not make _me_ happy, and I am convinced that I am the + last woman in the world who could make you so. Nay, were your + friend Lady Catherine to know me, I am persuaded she would find + me in every respect ill qualified for the situation.” + + “Were it certain that Lady Catherine would think so,” said Mr. + Collins very gravely—“but I cannot imagine that her ladyship + would at all disapprove of you. And you may be certain when I + have the honour of seeing her again, I shall speak in the very + highest terms of your modesty, economy, and other amiable + qualification.” + + “Indeed, Mr. Collins, all praise of me will be unnecessary. You + must give me leave to judge for myself, and pay me the compliment + of believing what I say. I wish you very happy and very rich, and + by refusing your hand, do all in my power to prevent your being + otherwise. In making me the offer, you must have satisfied the + delicacy of your feelings with regard to my family, and may take + possession of Longbourn estate whenever it falls, without any + self-reproach. This matter may be considered, therefore, as + finally settled.” And rising as she thus spoke, she would have + quitted the room, had Mr. Collins not thus addressed her: + + “When I do myself the honour of speaking to you next on the + subject, I shall hope to receive a more favourable answer than + you have now given me; though I am far from accusing you of + cruelty at present, because I know it to be the established + custom of your sex to reject a man on the first application, and + perhaps you have even now said as much to encourage my suit as + would be consistent with the true delicacy of the female + character.” + + “Really, Mr. Collins,” cried Elizabeth with some warmth, “you + puzzle me exceedingly. If what I have hitherto said can appear to + you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my + refusal in such a way as to convince you of its being one.” + + “You must give me leave to flatter myself, my dear cousin, that + your refusal of my addresses is merely words of course. My + reasons for believing it are briefly these: It does not appear to + me that my hand is unworthy of your acceptance, or that the + establishment I can offer would be any other than highly + desirable. My situation in life, my connections with the family + of de Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances + highly in my favour; and you should take it into further + consideration, that in spite of your manifold attractions, it is + by no means certain that another offer of marriage may ever be + made you. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all + likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable + qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not + serious in your rejection of me, I shall choose to attribute it + to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the + usual practice of elegant females.” + + “I do assure you, sir, that I have no pretensions whatever to + that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable + man. I would rather be paid the compliment of being believed + sincere. I thank you again and again for the honour you have done + me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely + impossible. My feelings in every respect forbid it. Can I speak + plainer? Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending + to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth + from her heart.” + + “You are uniformly charming!” cried he, with an air of awkward + gallantry; “and I am persuaded that when sanctioned by the + express authority of both your excellent parents, my proposals + will not fail of being acceptable.” + + To such perseverance in wilful self-deception Elizabeth would + make no reply, and immediately and in silence withdrew; + determined, if he persisted in considering her repeated refusals + as flattering encouragement, to apply to her father, whose + negative might be uttered in such a manner as to be decisive, and + whose behaviour at least could not be mistaken for the + affectation and coquetry of an elegant female. + + + + + Chapter 20 + + Mr. Collins was not left long to the silent contemplation of his + successful love; for Mrs. Bennet, having dawdled about in the + vestibule to watch for the end of the conference, no sooner saw + Elizabeth open the door and with quick step pass her towards the + staircase, than she entered the breakfast-room, and congratulated + both him and herself in warm terms on the happy prospect of their + nearer connection. Mr. Collins received and returned these + felicitations with equal pleasure, and then proceeded to relate + the particulars of their interview, with the result of which he + trusted he had every reason to be satisfied, since the refusal + which his cousin had steadfastly given him would naturally flow + from her bashful modesty and the genuine delicacy of her + character. + + This information, however, startled Mrs. Bennet; she would have + been glad to be equally satisfied that her daughter had meant to + encourage him by protesting against his proposals, but she dared + not believe it, and could not help saying so. + + “But, depend upon it, Mr. Collins,” she added, “that Lizzy shall + be brought to reason. I will speak to her about it directly. She + is a very headstrong, foolish girl, and does not know her own + interest but I will _make_ her know it.” + + “Pardon me for interrupting you, madam,” cried Mr. Collins; “but + if she is really headstrong and foolish, I know not whether she + would altogether be a very desirable wife to a man in my + situation, who naturally looks for happiness in the marriage + state. If therefore she actually persists in rejecting my suit, + perhaps it were better not to force her into accepting me, + because if liable to such defects of temper, she could not + contribute much to my felicity.” + + “Sir, you quite misunderstand me,” said Mrs. Bennet, alarmed. + “Lizzy is only headstrong in such matters as these. In everything + else she is as good-natured a girl as ever lived. I will go + directly to Mr. Bennet, and we shall very soon settle it with + her, I am sure.” + + She would not give him time to reply, but hurrying instantly to + her husband, called out as she entered the library, “Oh! Mr. + Bennet, you are wanted immediately; we are all in an uproar. You + must come and make Lizzy marry Mr. Collins, for she vows she will + not have him, and if you do not make haste he will change his + mind and not have _her_.” + + Mr. Bennet raised his eyes from his book as she entered, and + fixed them on her face with a calm unconcern which was not in the + least altered by her communication. + + “I have not the pleasure of understanding you,” said he, when she + had finished her speech. “Of what are you talking?” + + “Of Mr. Collins and Lizzy. Lizzy declares she will not have Mr. + Collins, and Mr. Collins begins to say that he will not have + Lizzy.” + + “And what am I to do on the occasion? It seems an hopeless + business.” + + “Speak to Lizzy about it yourself. Tell her that you insist upon + her marrying him.” + + “Let her be called down. She shall hear my opinion.” + + Mrs. Bennet rang the bell, and Miss Elizabeth was summoned to the + library. + + “Come here, child,” cried her father as she appeared. “I have + sent for you on an affair of importance. I understand that Mr. + Collins has made you an offer of marriage. Is it true?” Elizabeth + replied that it was. “Very well—and this offer of marriage you + have refused?” + + “I have, sir.” + + “Very well. We now come to the point. Your mother insists upon + your accepting it. Is it not so, Mrs. Bennet?” + + “Yes, or I will never see her again.” + + “An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. From this day + you must be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will + never see you again if you do _not_ marry Mr. Collins, and I will + never see you again if you _do_.” + + Elizabeth could not but smile at such a conclusion of such a + beginning, but Mrs. Bennet, who had persuaded herself that her + husband regarded the affair as she wished, was excessively + disappointed. + + “What do you mean, Mr. Bennet, in talking this way? You promised + me to _insist_ upon her marrying him.” + + “My dear,” replied her husband, “I have two small favours to + request. First, that you will allow me the free use of my + understanding on the present occasion; and secondly, of my room. + I shall be glad to have the library to myself as soon as may be.” + + Not yet, however, in spite of her disappointment in her husband, + did Mrs. Bennet give up the point. She talked to Elizabeth again + and again; coaxed and threatened her by turns. She endeavoured to + secure Jane in her interest; but Jane, with all possible + mildness, declined interfering; and Elizabeth, sometimes with + real earnestness, and sometimes with playful gaiety, replied to + her attacks. Though her manner varied, however, her determination + never did. + + Mr. Collins, meanwhile, was meditating in solitude on what had + passed. He thought too well of himself to comprehend on what + motives his cousin could refuse him; and though his pride was + hurt, he suffered in no other way. His regard for her was quite + imaginary; and the possibility of her deserving her mother’s + reproach prevented his feeling any regret. + + While the family were in this confusion, Charlotte Lucas came to + spend the day with them. She was met in the vestibule by Lydia, + who, flying to her, cried in a half whisper, “I am glad you are + come, for there is such fun here! What do you think has happened + this morning? Mr. Collins has made an offer to Lizzy, and she + will not have him.” + + Charlotte hardly had time to answer, before they were joined by + Kitty, who came to tell the same news; and no sooner had they + entered the breakfast-room, where Mrs. Bennet was alone, than she + likewise began on the subject, calling on Miss Lucas for her + compassion, and entreating her to persuade her friend Lizzy to + comply with the wishes of all her family. “Pray do, my dear Miss + Lucas,” she added in a melancholy tone, “for nobody is on my + side, nobody takes part with me. I am cruelly used, nobody feels + for my poor nerves.” + + Charlotte’s reply was spared by the entrance of Jane and + Elizabeth. + + “Aye, there she comes,” continued Mrs. Bennet, “looking as + unconcerned as may be, and caring no more for us than if we were + at York, provided she can have her own way. But I tell you, Miss + Lizzy—if you take it into your head to go on refusing every offer + of marriage in this way, you will never get a husband at all—and + I am sure I do not know who is to maintain you when your father + is dead. _I_ shall not be able to keep you—and so I warn you. I + have done with you from this very day. I told you in the library, + you know, that I should never speak to you again, and you will + find me as good as my word. I have no pleasure in talking to + undutiful children. Not that I have much pleasure, indeed, in + talking to anybody. People who suffer as I do from nervous + complaints can have no great inclination for talking. Nobody can + tell what I suffer! But it is always so. Those who do not + complain are never pitied.” + + Her daughters listened in silence to this effusion, sensible that + any attempt to reason with her or soothe her would only increase + the irritation. She talked on, therefore, without interruption + from any of them, till they were joined by Mr. Collins, who + entered the room with an air more stately than usual, and on + perceiving whom, she said to the girls, “Now, I do insist upon + it, that you, all of you, hold your tongues, and let me and Mr. + Collins have a little conversation together.” + + Elizabeth passed quietly out of the room, Jane and Kitty + followed, but Lydia stood her ground, determined to hear all she + could; and Charlotte, detained first by the civility of Mr. + Collins, whose inquiries after herself and all her family were + very minute, and then by a little curiosity, satisfied herself + with walking to the window and pretending not to hear. In a + doleful voice Mrs. Bennet began the projected conversation: “Oh! + Mr. Collins!” + + “My dear madam,” replied he, “let us be for ever silent on this + point. Far be it from me,” he presently continued, in a voice + that marked his displeasure, “to resent the behaviour of your + daughter. Resignation to inevitable evils is the duty of us all; + the peculiar duty of a young man who has been so fortunate as I + have been in early preferment; and I trust I am resigned. Perhaps + not the less so from feeling a doubt of my positive happiness had + my fair cousin honoured me with her hand; for I have often + observed that resignation is never so perfect as when the + blessing denied begins to lose somewhat of its value in our + estimation. You will not, I hope, consider me as showing any + disrespect to your family, my dear madam, by thus withdrawing my + pretensions to your daughter’s favour, without having paid + yourself and Mr. Bennet the compliment of requesting you to + interpose your authority in my behalf. My conduct may, I fear, be + objectionable in having accepted my dismission from your + daughter’s lips instead of your own. But we are all liable to + error. I have certainly meant well through the whole affair. My + object has been to secure an amiable companion for myself, with + due consideration for the advantage of all your family, and if my + _manner_ has been at all reprehensible, I here beg leave to + apologise.” + + + + + Chapter 21 + + The discussion of Mr. Collins’s offer was now nearly at an end, + and Elizabeth had only to suffer from the uncomfortable feelings + necessarily attending it, and occasionally from some peevish + allusions of her mother. As for the gentleman himself, _his_ + feelings were chiefly expressed, not by embarrassment or + dejection, or by trying to avoid her, but by stiffness of manner + and resentful silence. He scarcely ever spoke to her, and the + assiduous attentions which he had been so sensible of himself + were transferred for the rest of the day to Miss Lucas, whose + civility in listening to him was a seasonable relief to them all, + and especially to her friend. + + The morrow produced no abatement of Mrs. Bennet’s ill-humour or + ill health. Mr. Collins was also in the same state of angry + pride. Elizabeth had hoped that his resentment might shorten his + visit, but his plan did not appear in the least affected by it. + He was always to have gone on Saturday, and to Saturday he meant + to stay. + + After breakfast, the girls walked to Meryton to inquire if Mr. + Wickham were returned, and to lament over his absence from the + Netherfield ball. He joined them on their entering the town, and + attended them to their aunt’s where his regret and vexation, and + the concern of everybody, was well talked over. To Elizabeth, + however, he voluntarily acknowledged that the necessity of his + absence _had_ been self-imposed. + + “I found,” said he, “as the time drew near that I had better not + meet Mr. Darcy; that to be in the same room, the same party with + him for so many hours together, might be more than I could bear, + and that scenes might arise unpleasant to more than myself.” + + She highly approved his forbearance, and they had leisure for a + full discussion of it, and for all the commendation which they + civilly bestowed on each other, as Wickham and another officer + walked back with them to Longbourn, and during the walk he + particularly attended to her. His accompanying them was a double + advantage; she felt all the compliment it offered to herself, and + it was most acceptable as an occasion of introducing him to her + father and mother. + + Soon after their return, a letter was delivered to Miss Bennet; + it came from Netherfield. The envelope contained a sheet of + elegant, little, hot-pressed paper, well covered with a lady’s + fair, flowing hand; and Elizabeth saw her sister’s countenance + change as she read it, and saw her dwelling intently on some + particular passages. Jane recollected herself soon, and putting + the letter away, tried to join with her usual cheerfulness in the + general conversation; but Elizabeth felt an anxiety on the + subject which drew off her attention even from Wickham; and no + sooner had he and his companion taken leave, than a glance from + Jane invited her to follow her up stairs. When they had gained + their own room, Jane, taking out the letter, said: + + “This is from Caroline Bingley; what it contains has surprised me + a good deal. The whole party have left Netherfield by this time, + and are on their way to town—and without any intention of coming + back again. You shall hear what she says.” + + She then read the first sentence aloud, which comprised the + information of their having just resolved to follow their brother + to town directly, and of their meaning to dine in Grosvenor + Street, where Mr. Hurst had a house. The next was in these words: + “I do not pretend to regret anything I shall leave in + Hertfordshire, except your society, my dearest friend; but we + will hope, at some future period, to enjoy many returns of that + delightful intercourse we have known, and in the meanwhile may + lessen the pain of separation by a very frequent and most + unreserved correspondence. I depend on you for that.” To these + highflown expressions Elizabeth listened with all the + insensibility of distrust; and though the suddenness of their + removal surprised her, she saw nothing in it really to lament; it + was not to be supposed that their absence from Netherfield would + prevent Mr. Bingley’s being there; and as to the loss of their + society, she was persuaded that Jane must cease to regard it, in + the enjoyment of his. + + “It is unlucky,” said she, after a short pause, “that you should + not be able to see your friends before they leave the country. + But may we not hope that the period of future happiness to which + Miss Bingley looks forward may arrive earlier than she is aware, + and that the delightful intercourse you have known as friends + will be renewed with yet greater satisfaction as sisters? Mr. + Bingley will not be detained in London by them.” + + “Caroline decidedly says that none of the party will return into + Hertfordshire this winter. I will read it to you:” + + “When my brother left us yesterday, he imagined that the business + which took him to London might be concluded in three or four + days; but as we are certain it cannot be so, and at the same time + convinced that when Charles gets to town he will be in no hurry + to leave it again, we have determined on following him thither, + that he may not be obliged to spend his vacant hours in a + comfortless hotel. Many of my acquaintances are already there for + the winter; I wish that I could hear that you, my dearest friend, + had any intention of making one of the crowd—but of that I + despair. I sincerely hope your Christmas in Hertfordshire may + abound in the gaieties which that season generally brings, and + that your beaux will be so numerous as to prevent your feeling + the loss of the three of whom we shall deprive you.” + + “It is evident by this,” added Jane, “that he comes back no more + this winter.” + + “It is only evident that Miss Bingley does not mean that he + _should_.” + + “Why will you think so? It must be his own doing. He is his own + master. But you do not know _all_. I _will_ read you the passage + which particularly hurts me. I will have no reserves from _you_.” + + “Mr. Darcy is impatient to see his sister; and, to confess the + truth, _we_ are scarcely less eager to meet her again. I really + do not think Georgiana Darcy has her equal for beauty, elegance, + and accomplishments; and the affection she inspires in Louisa and + myself is heightened into something still more interesting, from + the hope we dare entertain of her being hereafter our sister. I + do not know whether I ever before mentioned to you my feelings on + this subject; but I will not leave the country without confiding + them, and I trust you will not esteem them unreasonable. My + brother admires her greatly already; he will have frequent + opportunity now of seeing her on the most intimate footing; her + relations all wish the connection as much as his own; and a + sister’s partiality is not misleading me, I think, when I call + Charles most capable of engaging any woman’s heart. With all + these circumstances to favour an attachment, and nothing to + prevent it, am I wrong, my dearest Jane, in indulging the hope of + an event which will secure the happiness of so many?” + + “What do you think of _this_ sentence, my dear Lizzy?” said Jane + as she finished it. “Is it not clear enough? Does it not + expressly declare that Caroline neither expects nor wishes me to + be her sister; that she is perfectly convinced of her brother’s + indifference; and that if she suspects the nature of my feelings + for him, she means (most kindly!) to put me on my guard? Can + there be any other opinion on the subject?” + + “Yes, there can; for mine is totally different. Will you hear + it?” + + “Most willingly.” + + “You shall have it in a few words. Miss Bingley sees that her + brother is in love with you, and wants him to marry Miss Darcy. + She follows him to town in hope of keeping him there, and tries + to persuade you that he does not care about you.” + + Jane shook her head. + + “Indeed, Jane, you ought to believe me. No one who has ever seen + you together can doubt his affection. Miss Bingley, I am sure, + cannot. She is not such a simpleton. Could she have seen half as + much love in Mr. Darcy for herself, she would have ordered her + wedding clothes. But the case is this: We are not rich enough or + grand enough for them; and she is the more anxious to get Miss + Darcy for her brother, from the notion that when there has been + _one_ intermarriage, she may have less trouble in achieving a + second; in which there is certainly some ingenuity, and I dare + say it would succeed, if Miss de Bourgh were out of the way. But, + my dearest Jane, you cannot seriously imagine that because Miss + Bingley tells you her brother greatly admires Miss Darcy, he is + in the smallest degree less sensible of _your_ merit than when he + took leave of you on Tuesday, or that it will be in her power to + persuade him that, instead of being in love with you, he is very + much in love with her friend.” + + “If we thought alike of Miss Bingley,” replied Jane, “your + representation of all this might make me quite easy. But I know + the foundation is unjust. Caroline is incapable of wilfully + deceiving anyone; and all that I can hope in this case is that + she is deceiving herself.” + + “That is right. You could not have started a more happy idea, + since you will not take comfort in mine. Believe her to be + deceived, by all means. You have now done your duty by her, and + must fret no longer.” + + “But, my dear sister, can I be happy, even supposing the best, in + accepting a man whose sisters and friends are all wishing him to + marry elsewhere?” + + “You must decide for yourself,” said Elizabeth; “and if, upon + mature deliberation, you find that the misery of disobliging his + two sisters is more than equivalent to the happiness of being his + wife, I advise you by all means to refuse him.” + + “How can you talk so?” said Jane, faintly smiling. “You must know + that though I should be exceedingly grieved at their + disapprobation, I could not hesitate.” + + “I did not think you would; and that being the case, I cannot + consider your situation with much compassion.” + + “But if he returns no more this winter, my choice will never be + required. A thousand things may arise in six months!” + + The idea of his returning no more Elizabeth treated with the + utmost contempt. It appeared to her merely the suggestion of + Caroline’s interested wishes, and she could not for a moment + suppose that those wishes, however openly or artfully spoken, + could influence a young man so totally independent of everyone. + + She represented to her sister as forcibly as possible what she + felt on the subject, and had soon the pleasure of seeing its + happy effect. Jane’s temper was not desponding, and she was + gradually led to hope, though the diffidence of affection + sometimes overcame the hope, that Bingley would return to + Netherfield and answer every wish of her heart. + + They agreed that Mrs. Bennet should only hear of the departure of + the family, without being alarmed on the score of the gentleman’s + conduct; but even this partial communication gave her a great + deal of concern, and she bewailed it as exceedingly unlucky that + the ladies should happen to go away just as they were all getting + so intimate together. After lamenting it, however, at some + length, she had the consolation that Mr. Bingley would be soon + down again and soon dining at Longbourn, and the conclusion of + all was the comfortable declaration, that though he had been + invited only to a family dinner, she would take care to have two + full courses. + + + + + Chapter 22 + + The Bennets were engaged to dine with the Lucases and again + during the chief of the day was Miss Lucas so kind as to listen + to Mr. Collins. Elizabeth took an opportunity of thanking her. + “It keeps him in good humour,” said she, “and I am more obliged + to you than I can express.” Charlotte assured her friend of her + satisfaction in being useful, and that it amply repaid her for + the little sacrifice of her time. This was very amiable, but + Charlotte’s kindness extended farther than Elizabeth had any + conception of; its object was nothing else than to secure her + from any return of Mr. Collins’s addresses, by engaging them + towards herself. Such was Miss Lucas’s scheme; and appearances + were so favourable, that when they parted at night, she would + have felt almost secure of success if he had not been to leave + Hertfordshire so very soon. But here she did injustice to the + fire and independence of his character, for it led him to escape + out of Longbourn House the next morning with admirable slyness, + and hasten to Lucas Lodge to throw himself at her feet. He was + anxious to avoid the notice of his cousins, from a conviction + that if they saw him depart, they could not fail to conjecture + his design, and he was not willing to have the attempt known till + its success might be known likewise; for though feeling almost + secure, and with reason, for Charlotte had been tolerably + encouraging, he was comparatively diffident since the adventure + of Wednesday. His reception, however, was of the most flattering + kind. Miss Lucas perceived him from an upper window as he walked + towards the house, and instantly set out to meet him accidentally + in the lane. But little had she dared to hope that so much love + and eloquence awaited her there. + + In as short a time as Mr. Collins’s long speeches would allow, + everything was settled between them to the satisfaction of both; + and as they entered the house he earnestly entreated her to name + the day that was to make him the happiest of men; and though such + a solicitation must be waived for the present, the lady felt no + inclination to trifle with his happiness. The stupidity with + which he was favoured by nature must guard his courtship from any + charm that could make a woman wish for its continuance; and Miss + Lucas, who accepted him solely from the pure and disinterested + desire of an establishment, cared not how soon that establishment + were gained. + + Sir William and Lady Lucas were speedily applied to for their + consent; and it was bestowed with a most joyful alacrity. Mr. + Collins’s present circumstances made it a most eligible match for + their daughter, to whom they could give little fortune; and his + prospects of future wealth were exceedingly fair. Lady Lucas + began directly to calculate, with more interest than the matter + had ever excited before, how many years longer Mr. Bennet was + likely to live; and Sir William gave it as his decided opinion, + that whenever Mr. Collins should be in possession of the + Longbourn estate, it would be highly expedient that both he and + his wife should make their appearance at St. James’s. The whole + family, in short, were properly overjoyed on the occasion. The + younger girls formed hopes of _coming out_ a year or two sooner + than they might otherwise have done; and the boys were relieved + from their apprehension of Charlotte’s dying an old maid. + Charlotte herself was tolerably composed. She had gained her + point, and had time to consider of it. Her reflections were in + general satisfactory. Mr. Collins, to be sure, was neither + sensible nor agreeable; his society was irksome, and his + attachment to her must be imaginary. But still he would be her + husband. Without thinking highly either of men or matrimony, + marriage had always been her object; it was the only provision + for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however + uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest + preservative from want. This preservative she had now obtained; + and at the age of twenty-seven, without having ever been + handsome, she felt all the good luck of it. The least agreeable + circumstance in the business was the surprise it must occasion to + Elizabeth Bennet, whose friendship she valued beyond that of any + other person. Elizabeth would wonder, and probably would blame + her; and though her resolution was not to be shaken, her feelings + must be hurt by such a disapprobation. She resolved to give her + the information herself, and therefore charged Mr. Collins, when + he returned to Longbourn to dinner, to drop no hint of what had + passed before any of the family. A promise of secrecy was of + course very dutifully given, but it could not be kept without + difficulty; for the curiosity excited by his long absence burst + forth in such very direct questions on his return as required + some ingenuity to evade, and he was at the same time exercising + great self-denial, for he was longing to publish his prosperous + love. + + As he was to begin his journey too early on the morrow to see any + of the family, the ceremony of leave-taking was performed when + the ladies moved for the night; and Mrs. Bennet, with great + politeness and cordiality, said how happy they should be to see + him at Longbourn again, whenever his engagements might allow him + to visit them. + + “My dear madam,” he replied, “this invitation is particularly + gratifying, because it is what I have been hoping to receive; and + you may be very certain that I shall avail myself of it as soon + as possible.” + + They were all astonished; and Mr. Bennet, who could by no means + wish for so speedy a return, immediately said: + + “But is there not danger of Lady Catherine’s disapprobation here, + my good sir? You had better neglect your relations than run the + risk of offending your patroness.” + + “My dear sir,” replied Mr. Collins, “I am particularly obliged to + you for this friendly caution, and you may depend upon my not + taking so material a step without her ladyship’s concurrence.” + + “You cannot be too much upon your guard. Risk anything rather + than her displeasure; and if you find it likely to be raised by + your coming to us again, which I should think exceedingly + probable, stay quietly at home, and be satisfied that _we_ shall + take no offence.” + + “Believe me, my dear sir, my gratitude is warmly excited by such + affectionate attention; and depend upon it, you will speedily + receive from me a letter of thanks for this, and for every other + mark of your regard during my stay in Hertfordshire. As for my + fair cousins, though my absence may not be long enough to render + it necessary, I shall now take the liberty of wishing them health + and happiness, not excepting my cousin Elizabeth.” + + With proper civilities the ladies then withdrew; all of them + equally surprised that he meditated a quick return. Mrs. Bennet + wished to understand by it that he thought of paying his + addresses to one of her younger girls, and Mary might have been + prevailed on to accept him. She rated his abilities much higher + than any of the others; there was a solidity in his reflections + which often struck her, and though by no means so clever as + herself, she thought that if encouraged to read and improve + himself by such an example as hers, he might become a very + agreeable companion. But on the following morning, every hope of + this kind was done away. Miss Lucas called soon after breakfast, + and in a private conference with Elizabeth related the event of + the day before. + + The possibility of Mr. Collins’s fancying himself in love with + her friend had once occurred to Elizabeth within the last day or + two; but that Charlotte could encourage him seemed almost as far + from possibility as she could encourage him herself, and her + astonishment was consequently so great as to overcome at first + the bounds of decorum, and she could not help crying out: + + “Engaged to Mr. Collins! My dear Charlotte—impossible!” + + The steady countenance which Miss Lucas had commanded in telling + her story, gave way to a momentary confusion here on receiving so + direct a reproach; though, as it was no more than she expected, + she soon regained her composure, and calmly replied: + + “Why should you be surprised, my dear Eliza? Do you think it + incredible that Mr. Collins should be able to procure any woman’s + good opinion, because he was not so happy as to succeed with + you?” + + But Elizabeth had now recollected herself, and making a strong + effort for it, was able to assure with tolerable firmness that + the prospect of their relationship was highly grateful to her, + and that she wished her all imaginable happiness. + + “I see what you are feeling,” replied Charlotte. “You must be + surprised, very much surprised—so lately as Mr. Collins was + wishing to marry you. But when you have had time to think it + over, I hope you will be satisfied with what I have done. I am + not romantic, you know; I never was. I ask only a comfortable + home; and considering Mr. Collins’s character, connection, and + situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness + with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the + marriage state.” + + Elizabeth quietly answered “Undoubtedly;” and after an awkward + pause, they returned to the rest of the family. Charlotte did not + stay much longer, and Elizabeth was then left to reflect on what + she had heard. It was a long time before she became at all + reconciled to the idea of so unsuitable a match. The strangeness + of Mr. Collins’s making two offers of marriage within three days + was nothing in comparison of his being now accepted. She had + always felt that Charlotte’s opinion of matrimony was not exactly + like her own, but she had not supposed it to be possible that, + when called into action, she would have sacrificed every better + feeling to worldly advantage. Charlotte the wife of Mr. Collins + was a most humiliating picture! And to the pang of a friend + disgracing herself and sunk in her esteem, was added the + distressing conviction that it was impossible for that friend to + be tolerably happy in the lot she had chosen. + + + + + Chapter 23 + + Elizabeth was sitting with her mother and sisters, reflecting on + what she had heard, and doubting whether she was authorised to + mention it, when Sir William Lucas himself appeared, sent by his + daughter, to announce her engagement to the family. With many + compliments to them, and much self-gratulation on the prospect of + a connection between the houses, he unfolded the matter—to an + audience not merely wondering, but incredulous; for Mrs. Bennet, + with more perseverance than politeness, protested he must be + entirely mistaken; and Lydia, always unguarded and often uncivil, + boisterously exclaimed: + + “Good Lord! Sir William, how can you tell such a story? Do not + you know that Mr. Collins wants to marry Lizzy?” + + Nothing less than the complaisance of a courtier could have borne + without anger such treatment; but Sir William’s good breeding + carried him through it all; and though he begged leave to be + positive as to the truth of his information, he listened to all + their impertinence with the most forbearing courtesy. + + Elizabeth, feeling it incumbent on her to relieve him from so + unpleasant a situation, now put herself forward to confirm his + account, by mentioning her prior knowledge of it from Charlotte + herself; and endeavoured to put a stop to the exclamations of her + mother and sisters by the earnestness of her congratulations to + Sir William, in which she was readily joined by Jane, and by + making a variety of remarks on the happiness that might be + expected from the match, the excellent character of Mr. Collins, + and the convenient distance of Hunsford from London. + + Mrs. Bennet was in fact too much overpowered to say a great deal + while Sir William remained; but no sooner had he left them than + her feelings found a rapid vent. In the first place, she + persisted in disbelieving the whole of the matter; secondly, she + was very sure that Mr. Collins had been taken in; thirdly, she + trusted that they would never be happy together; and fourthly, + that the match might be broken off. Two inferences, however, were + plainly deduced from the whole: one, that Elizabeth was the real + cause of the mischief; and the other that she herself had been + barbarously misused by them all; and on these two points she + principally dwelt during the rest of the day. Nothing could + console and nothing could appease her. Nor did that day wear out + her resentment. A week elapsed before she could see Elizabeth + without scolding her, a month passed away before she could speak + to Sir William or Lady Lucas without being rude, and many months + were gone before she could at all forgive their daughter. + + Mr. Bennet’s emotions were much more tranquil on the occasion, + and such as he did experience he pronounced to be of a most + agreeable sort; for it gratified him, he said, to discover that + Charlotte Lucas, whom he had been used to think tolerably + sensible, was as foolish as his wife, and more foolish than his + daughter! + + Jane confessed herself a little surprised at the match; but she + said less of her astonishment than of her earnest desire for + their happiness; nor could Elizabeth persuade her to consider it + as improbable. Kitty and Lydia were far from envying Miss Lucas, + for Mr. Collins was only a clergyman; and it affected them in no + other way than as a piece of news to spread at Meryton. + + Lady Lucas could not be insensible of triumph on being able to + retort on Mrs. Bennet the comfort of having a daughter well + married; and she called at Longbourn rather oftener than usual to + say how happy she was, though Mrs. Bennet’s sour looks and + ill-natured remarks might have been enough to drive happiness + away. + + Between Elizabeth and Charlotte there was a restraint which kept + them mutually silent on the subject; and Elizabeth felt persuaded + that no real confidence could ever subsist between them again. + Her disappointment in Charlotte made her turn with fonder regard + to her sister, of whose rectitude and delicacy she was sure her + opinion could never be shaken, and for whose happiness she grew + daily more anxious, as Bingley had now been gone a week and + nothing more was heard of his return. + + Jane had sent Caroline an early answer to her letter, and was + counting the days till she might reasonably hope to hear again. + The promised letter of thanks from Mr. Collins arrived on + Tuesday, addressed to their father, and written with all the + solemnity of gratitude which a twelvemonth’s abode in the family + might have prompted. After discharging his conscience on that + head, he proceeded to inform them, with many rapturous + expressions, of his happiness in having obtained the affection of + their amiable neighbour, Miss Lucas, and then explained that it + was merely with the view of enjoying her society that he had been + so ready to close with their kind wish of seeing him again at + Longbourn, whither he hoped to be able to return on Monday + fortnight; for Lady Catherine, he added, so heartily approved his + marriage, that she wished it to take place as soon as possible, + which he trusted would be an unanswerable argument with his + amiable Charlotte to name an early day for making him the + happiest of men. + + Mr. Collins’s return into Hertfordshire was no longer a matter of + pleasure to Mrs. Bennet. On the contrary, she was as much + disposed to complain of it as her husband. It was very strange + that he should come to Longbourn instead of to Lucas Lodge; it + was also very inconvenient and exceedingly troublesome. She hated + having visitors in the house while her health was so indifferent, + and lovers were of all people the most disagreeable. Such were + the gentle murmurs of Mrs. Bennet, and they gave way only to the + greater distress of Mr. Bingley’s continued absence. + + Neither Jane nor Elizabeth were comfortable on this subject. Day + after day passed away without bringing any other tidings of him + than the report which shortly prevailed in Meryton of his coming + no more to Netherfield the whole winter; a report which highly + incensed Mrs. Bennet, and which she never failed to contradict as + a most scandalous falsehood. + + Even Elizabeth began to fear—not that Bingley was indifferent—but + that his sisters would be successful in keeping him away. + Unwilling as she was to admit an idea so destructive of Jane’s + happiness, and so dishonorable to the stability of her lover, she + could not prevent its frequently occurring. The united efforts of + his two unfeeling sisters and of his overpowering friend, + assisted by the attractions of Miss Darcy and the amusements of + London might be too much, she feared, for the strength of his + attachment. + + As for Jane, _her_ anxiety under this suspense was, of course, + more painful than Elizabeth’s, but whatever she felt she was + desirous of concealing, and between herself and Elizabeth, + therefore, the subject was never alluded to. But as no such + delicacy restrained her mother, an hour seldom passed in which + she did not talk of Bingley, express her impatience for his + arrival, or even require Jane to confess that if he did not come + back she would think herself very ill used. It needed all Jane’s + steady mildness to bear these attacks with tolerable + tranquillity. + + Mr. Collins returned most punctually on Monday fortnight, but his + reception at Longbourn was not quite so gracious as it had been + on his first introduction. He was too happy, however, to need + much attention; and luckily for the others, the business of + love-making relieved them from a great deal of his company. The + chief of every day was spent by him at Lucas Lodge, and he + sometimes returned to Longbourn only in time to make an apology + for his absence before the family went to bed. + + Mrs. Bennet was really in a most pitiable state. The very mention + of anything concerning the match threw her into an agony of + ill-humour, and wherever she went she was sure of hearing it + talked of. The sight of Miss Lucas was odious to her. As her + successor in that house, she regarded her with jealous + abhorrence. Whenever Charlotte came to see them, she concluded + her to be anticipating the hour of possession; and whenever she + spoke in a low voice to Mr. Collins, was convinced that they were + talking of the Longbourn estate, and resolving to turn herself + and her daughters out of the house, as soon as Mr. Bennet were + dead. She complained bitterly of all this to her husband. + + “Indeed, Mr. Bennet,” said she, “it is very hard to think that + Charlotte Lucas should ever be mistress of this house, that _I_ + should be forced to make way for _her_, and live to see her take + her place in it!” + + “My dear, do not give way to such gloomy thoughts. Let us hope + for better things. Let us flatter ourselves that _I_ may be the + survivor.” + + This was not very consoling to Mrs. Bennet, and therefore, + instead of making any answer, she went on as before. + + “I cannot bear to think that they should have all this estate. If + it was not for the entail, I should not mind it.” + + “What should not you mind?” + + “I should not mind anything at all.” + + “Let us be thankful that you are preserved from a state of such + insensibility.” + + “I never can be thankful, Mr. Bennet, for anything about the + entail. How anyone could have the conscience to entail away an + estate from one’s own daughters, I cannot understand; and all for + the sake of Mr. Collins too! Why should _he_ have it more than + anybody else?” + + “I leave it to yourself to determine,” said Mr. Bennet. + + + + + Chapter 24 + + Miss Bingley’s letter arrived, and put an end to doubt. The very + first sentence conveyed the assurance of their being all settled + in London for the winter, and concluded with her brother’s regret + at not having had time to pay his respects to his friends in + Hertfordshire before he left the country. + + Hope was over, entirely over; and when Jane could attend to the + rest of the letter, she found little, except the professed + affection of the writer, that could give her any comfort. Miss + Darcy’s praise occupied the chief of it. Her many attractions + were again dwelt on, and Caroline boasted joyfully of their + increasing intimacy, and ventured to predict the accomplishment + of the wishes which had been unfolded in her former letter. She + wrote also with great pleasure of her brother’s being an inmate + of Mr. Darcy’s house, and mentioned with raptures some plans of + the latter with regard to new furniture. + + Elizabeth, to whom Jane very soon communicated the chief of all + this, heard it in silent indignation. Her heart was divided + between concern for her sister, and resentment against all + others. To Caroline’s assertion of her brother’s being partial to + Miss Darcy she paid no credit. That he was really fond of Jane, + she doubted no more than she had ever done; and much as she had + always been disposed to like him, she could not think without + anger, hardly without contempt, on that easiness of temper, that + want of proper resolution, which now made him the slave of his + designing friends, and led him to sacrifice of his own happiness + to the caprice of their inclination. Had his own happiness, + however, been the only sacrifice, he might have been allowed to + sport with it in whatever manner he thought best, but her + sister’s was involved in it, as she thought he must be sensible + himself. It was a subject, in short, on which reflection would be + long indulged, and must be unavailing. She could think of nothing + else; and yet whether Bingley’s regard had really died away, or + were suppressed by his friends’ interference; whether he had been + aware of Jane’s attachment, or whether it had escaped his + observation; whatever were the case, though her opinion of him + must be materially affected by the difference, her sister’s + situation remained the same, her peace equally wounded. + + A day or two passed before Jane had courage to speak of her + feelings to Elizabeth; but at last, on Mrs. Bennet’s leaving them + together, after a longer irritation than usual about Netherfield + and its master, she could not help saying: + + “Oh, that my dear mother had more command over herself! She can + have no idea of the pain she gives me by her continual + reflections on him. But I will not repine. It cannot last long. + He will be forgot, and we shall all be as we were before.” + + Elizabeth looked at her sister with incredulous solicitude, but + said nothing. + + “You doubt me,” cried Jane, slightly colouring; “indeed, you have + no reason. He may live in my memory as the most amiable man of my + acquaintance, but that is all. I have nothing either to hope or + fear, and nothing to reproach him with. Thank God! I have not + _that_ pain. A little time, therefore—I shall certainly try to + get the better.” + + With a stronger voice she soon added, “I have this comfort + immediately, that it has not been more than an error of fancy on + my side, and that it has done no harm to anyone but myself.” + + “My dear Jane!” exclaimed Elizabeth, “you are too good. Your + sweetness and disinterestedness are really angelic; I do not know + what to say to you. I feel as if I had never done you justice, or + loved you as you deserve.” + + Miss Bennet eagerly disclaimed all extraordinary merit, and threw + back the praise on her sister’s warm affection. + + “Nay,” said Elizabeth, “this is not fair. _You_ wish to think all + the world respectable, and are hurt if I speak ill of anybody. + _I_ only want to think _you_ perfect, and you set yourself + against it. Do not be afraid of my running into any excess, of my + encroaching on your privilege of universal good-will. You need + not. There are few people whom I really love, and still fewer of + whom I think well. The more I see of the world, the more am I + dissatisfied with it; and every day confirms my belief of the + inconsistency of all human characters, and of the little + dependence that can be placed on the appearance of merit or + sense. I have met with two instances lately, one I will not + mention; the other is Charlotte’s marriage. It is unaccountable! + In every view it is unaccountable!” + + “My dear Lizzy, do not give way to such feelings as these. They + will ruin your happiness. You do not make allowance enough for + difference of situation and temper. Consider Mr. Collins’s + respectability, and Charlotte’s steady, prudent character. + Remember that she is one of a large family; that as to fortune, + it is a most eligible match; and be ready to believe, for + everybody’s sake, that she may feel something like regard and + esteem for our cousin.” + + “To oblige you, I would try to believe almost anything, but no + one else could be benefited by such a belief as this; for were I + persuaded that Charlotte had any regard for him, I should only + think worse of her understanding than I now do of her heart. My + dear Jane, Mr. Collins is a conceited, pompous, narrow-minded, + silly man; you know he is, as well as I do; and you must feel, as + well as I do, that the woman who married him cannot have a proper + way of thinking. You shall not defend her, though it is Charlotte + Lucas. You shall not, for the sake of one individual, change the + meaning of principle and integrity, nor endeavour to persuade + yourself or me, that selfishness is prudence, and insensibility + of danger security for happiness.” + + “I must think your language too strong in speaking of both,” + replied Jane; “and I hope you will be convinced of it by seeing + them happy together. But enough of this. You alluded to something + else. You mentioned _two_ instances. I cannot misunderstand you, + but I entreat you, dear Lizzy, not to pain me by thinking _that + person_ to blame, and saying your opinion of him is sunk. We must + not be so ready to fancy ourselves intentionally injured. We must + not expect a lively young man to be always so guarded and + circumspect. It is very often nothing but our own vanity that + deceives us. Women fancy admiration means more than it does.” + + “And men take care that they should.” + + “If it is designedly done, they cannot be justified; but I have + no idea of there being so much design in the world as some + persons imagine.” + + “I am far from attributing any part of Mr. Bingley’s conduct to + design,” said Elizabeth; “but without scheming to do wrong, or to + make others unhappy, there may be error, and there may be misery. + Thoughtlessness, want of attention to other people’s feelings, + and want of resolution, will do the business.” + + “And do you impute it to either of those?” + + “Yes; to the last. But if I go on, I shall displease you by + saying what I think of persons you esteem. Stop me whilst you + can.” + + “You persist, then, in supposing his sisters influence him?” + + “Yes, in conjunction with his friend.” + + “I cannot believe it. Why should they try to influence him? They + can only wish his happiness; and if he is attached to me, no + other woman can secure it.” + + “Your first position is false. They may wish many things besides + his happiness; they may wish his increase of wealth and + consequence; they may wish him to marry a girl who has all the + importance of money, great connections, and pride.” + + “Beyond a doubt, they do wish him to choose Miss Darcy,” replied + Jane; “but this may be from better feelings than you are + supposing. They have known her much longer than they have known + me; no wonder if they love her better. But, whatever may be their + own wishes, it is very unlikely they should have opposed their + brother’s. What sister would think herself at liberty to do it, + unless there were something very objectionable? If they believed + him attached to me, they would not try to part us; if he were so, + they could not succeed. By supposing such an affection, you make + everybody acting unnaturally and wrong, and me most unhappy. Do + not distress me by the idea. I am not ashamed of having been + mistaken—or, at least, it is light, it is nothing in comparison + of what I should feel in thinking ill of him or his sisters. Let + me take it in the best light, in the light in which it may be + understood.” + + Elizabeth could not oppose such a wish; and from this time Mr. + Bingley’s name was scarcely ever mentioned between them. + + Mrs. Bennet still continued to wonder and repine at his returning + no more, and though a day seldom passed in which Elizabeth did + not account for it clearly, there was little chance of her ever + considering it with less perplexity. Her daughter endeavoured to + convince her of what she did not believe herself, that his + attentions to Jane had been merely the effect of a common and + transient liking, which ceased when he saw her no more; but + though the probability of the statement was admitted at the time, + she had the same story to repeat every day. Mrs. Bennet’s best + comfort was that Mr. Bingley must be down again in the summer. + + Mr. Bennet treated the matter differently. “So, Lizzy,” said he + one day, “your sister is crossed in love, I find. I congratulate + her. Next to being married, a girl likes to be crossed a little + in love now and then. It is something to think of, and it gives + her a sort of distinction among her companions. When is your turn + to come? You will hardly bear to be long outdone by Jane. Now is + your time. Here are officers enough in Meryton to disappoint all + the young ladies in the country. Let Wickham be your man. He is a + pleasant fellow, and would jilt you creditably.” + + “Thank you, sir, but a less agreeable man would satisfy me. We + must not all expect Jane’s good fortune.” + + “True,” said Mr. Bennet, “but it is a comfort to think that + whatever of that kind may befall you, you have an affectionate + mother who will make the most of it.” + + Mr. Wickham’s society was of material service in dispelling the + gloom which the late perverse occurrences had thrown on many of + the Longbourn family. They saw him often, and to his other + recommendations was now added that of general unreserve. The + whole of what Elizabeth had already heard, his claims on Mr. + Darcy, and all that he had suffered from him, was now openly + acknowledged and publicly canvassed; and everybody was pleased to + know how much they had always disliked Mr. Darcy before they had + known anything of the matter. + + Miss Bennet was the only creature who could suppose there might + be any extenuating circumstances in the case, unknown to the + society of Hertfordshire; her mild and steady candour always + pleaded for allowances, and urged the possibility of mistakes—but + by everybody else Mr. Darcy was condemned as the worst of men. + + + + + Chapter 25 + + After a week spent in professions of love and schemes of + felicity, Mr. Collins was called from his amiable Charlotte by + the arrival of Saturday. The pain of separation, however, might + be alleviated on his side, by preparations for the reception of + his bride; as he had reason to hope, that shortly after his + return into Hertfordshire, the day would be fixed that was to + make him the happiest of men. He took leave of his relations at + Longbourn with as much solemnity as before; wished his fair + cousins health and happiness again, and promised their father + another letter of thanks. + + On the following Monday, Mrs. Bennet had the pleasure of + receiving her brother and his wife, who came as usual to spend + the Christmas at Longbourn. Mr. Gardiner was a sensible, + gentlemanlike man, greatly superior to his sister, as well by + nature as education. The Netherfield ladies would have had + difficulty in believing that a man who lived by trade, and within + view of his own warehouses, could have been so well-bred and + agreeable. Mrs. Gardiner, who was several years younger than Mrs. + Bennet and Mrs. Phillips, was an amiable, intelligent, elegant + woman, and a great favourite with all her Longbourn nieces. + Between the two eldest and herself especially, there subsisted a + particular regard. They had frequently been staying with her in + town. + + The first part of Mrs. Gardiner’s business on her arrival was to + distribute her presents and describe the newest fashions. When + this was done she had a less active part to play. It became her + turn to listen. Mrs. Bennet had many grievances to relate, and + much to complain of. They had all been very ill-used since she + last saw her sister. Two of her girls had been upon the point of + marriage, and after all there was nothing in it. + + “I do not blame Jane,” she continued, “for Jane would have got + Mr. Bingley if she could. But Lizzy! Oh, sister! It is very hard + to think that she might have been Mr. Collins’s wife by this + time, had it not been for her own perverseness. He made her an + offer in this very room, and she refused him. The consequence of + it is, that Lady Lucas will have a daughter married before I + have, and that the Longbourn estate is just as much entailed as + ever. The Lucases are very artful people indeed, sister. They are + all for what they can get. I am sorry to say it of them, but so + it is. It makes me very nervous and poorly, to be thwarted so in + my own family, and to have neighbours who think of themselves + before anybody else. However, your coming just at this time is + the greatest of comforts, and I am very glad to hear what you + tell us, of long sleeves.” + + Mrs. Gardiner, to whom the chief of this news had been given + before, in the course of Jane and Elizabeth’s correspondence with + her, made her sister a slight answer, and, in compassion to her + nieces, turned the conversation. + + When alone with Elizabeth afterwards, she spoke more on the + subject. “It seems likely to have been a desirable match for + Jane,” said she. “I am sorry it went off. But these things happen + so often! A young man, such as you describe Mr. Bingley, so + easily falls in love with a pretty girl for a few weeks, and when + accident separates them, so easily forgets her, that these sort + of inconsistencies are very frequent.” + + “An excellent consolation in its way,” said Elizabeth, “but it + will not do for _us_. We do not suffer by accident. It does not + often happen that the interference of friends will persuade a + young man of independent fortune to think no more of a girl whom + he was violently in love with only a few days before.” + + “But that expression of ‘violently in love’ is so hackneyed, so + doubtful, so indefinite, that it gives me very little idea. It is + as often applied to feelings which arise from a half-hour’s + acquaintance, as to a real, strong attachment. Pray, how _violent + was_ Mr. Bingley’s love?” + + “I never saw a more promising inclination; he was growing quite + inattentive to other people, and wholly engrossed by her. Every + time they met, it was more decided and remarkable. At his own + ball he offended two or three young ladies, by not asking them to + dance; and I spoke to him twice myself, without receiving an + answer. Could there be finer symptoms? Is not general incivility + the very essence of love?” + + “Oh, yes!—of that kind of love which I suppose him to have felt. + Poor Jane! I am sorry for her, because, with her disposition, she + may not get over it immediately. It had better have happened to + _you_, Lizzy; you would have laughed yourself out of it sooner. + But do you think she would be prevailed upon to go back with us? + Change of scene might be of service—and perhaps a little relief + from home may be as useful as anything.” + + Elizabeth was exceedingly pleased with this proposal, and felt + persuaded of her sister’s ready acquiescence. + + “I hope,” added Mrs. Gardiner, “that no consideration with regard + to this young man will influence her. We live in so different a + part of town, all our connections are so different, and, as you + well know, we go out so little, that it is very improbable that + they should meet at all, unless he really comes to see her.” + + “And _that_ is quite impossible; for he is now in the custody of + his friend, and Mr. Darcy would no more suffer him to call on + Jane in such a part of London! My dear aunt, how could you think + of it? Mr. Darcy may perhaps have _heard_ of such a place as + Gracechurch Street, but he would hardly think a month’s ablution + enough to cleanse him from its impurities, were he once to enter + it; and depend upon it, Mr. Bingley never stirs without him.” + + “So much the better. I hope they will not meet at all. But does + not Jane correspond with his sister? _She_ will not be able to + help calling.” + + “She will drop the acquaintance entirely.” + + But in spite of the certainty in which Elizabeth affected to + place this point, as well as the still more interesting one of + Bingley’s being withheld from seeing Jane, she felt a solicitude + on the subject which convinced her, on examination, that she did + not consider it entirely hopeless. It was possible, and sometimes + she thought it probable, that his affection might be reanimated, + and the influence of his friends successfully combated by the + more natural influence of Jane’s attractions. + + Miss Bennet accepted her aunt’s invitation with pleasure; and the + Bingleys were no otherwise in her thoughts at the same time, than + as she hoped by Caroline’s not living in the same house with her + brother, she might occasionally spend a morning with her, without + any danger of seeing him. + + The Gardiners stayed a week at Longbourn; and what with the + Phillipses, the Lucases, and the officers, there was not a day + without its engagement. Mrs. Bennet had so carefully provided for + the entertainment of her brother and sister, that they did not + once sit down to a family dinner. When the engagement was for + home, some of the officers always made part of it—of which + officers Mr. Wickham was sure to be one; and on these occasions, + Mrs. Gardiner, rendered suspicious by Elizabeth’s warm + commendation, narrowly observed them both. Without supposing + them, from what she saw, to be very seriously in love, their + preference of each other was plain enough to make her a little + uneasy; and she resolved to speak to Elizabeth on the subject + before she left Hertfordshire, and represent to her the + imprudence of encouraging such an attachment. + + To Mrs. Gardiner, Wickham had one means of affording pleasure, + unconnected with his general powers. About ten or a dozen years + ago, before her marriage, she had spent a considerable time in + that very part of Derbyshire to which he belonged. They had, + therefore, many acquaintances in common; and though Wickham had + been little there since the death of Darcy’s father, it was yet + in his power to give her fresher intelligence of her former + friends than she had been in the way of procuring. + + Mrs. Gardiner had seen Pemberley, and known the late Mr. Darcy by + character perfectly well. Here consequently was an inexhaustible + subject of discourse. In comparing her recollection of Pemberley + with the minute description which Wickham could give, and in + bestowing her tribute of praise on the character of its late + possessor, she was delighting both him and herself. On being made + acquainted with the present Mr. Darcy’s treatment of him, she + tried to remember some of that gentleman’s reputed disposition + when quite a lad which might agree with it, and was confident at + last that she recollected having heard Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy + formerly spoken of as a very proud, ill-natured boy. + + + + + Chapter 26 + + Mrs. Gardiner’s caution to Elizabeth was punctually and kindly + given on the first favourable opportunity of speaking to her + alone; after honestly telling her what she thought, she thus went + on: + + “You are too sensible a girl, Lizzy, to fall in love merely + because you are warned against it; and, therefore, I am not + afraid of speaking openly. Seriously, I would have you be on your + guard. Do not involve yourself or endeavour to involve him in an + affection which the want of fortune would make so very imprudent. + I have nothing to say against _him_; he is a most interesting + young man; and if he had the fortune he ought to have, I should + think you could not do better. But as it is, you must not let + your fancy run away with you. You have sense, and we all expect + you to use it. Your father would depend on _your_ resolution and + good conduct, I am sure. You must not disappoint your father.” + + “My dear aunt, this is being serious indeed.” + + “Yes, and I hope to engage you to be serious likewise.” + + “Well, then, you need not be under any alarm. I will take care of + myself, and of Mr. Wickham too. He shall not be in love with me, + if I can prevent it.” + + “Elizabeth, you are not serious now.” + + “I beg your pardon, I will try again. At present I am not in love + with Mr. Wickham; no, I certainly am not. But he is, beyond all + comparison, the most agreeable man I ever saw—and if he becomes + really attached to me—I believe it will be better that he should + not. I see the imprudence of it. Oh! _that_ abominable Mr. Darcy! + My father’s opinion of me does me the greatest honour, and I + should be miserable to forfeit it. My father, however, is partial + to Mr. Wickham. In short, my dear aunt, I should be very sorry to + be the means of making any of you unhappy; but since we see every + day that where there is affection, young people are seldom + withheld by immediate want of fortune from entering into + engagements with each other, how can I promise to be wiser than + so many of my fellow-creatures if I am tempted, or how am I even + to know that it would be wisdom to resist? All that I can promise + you, therefore, is not to be in a hurry. I will not be in a hurry + to believe myself his first object. When I am in company with + him, I will not be wishing. In short, I will do my best.” + + “Perhaps it will be as well if you discourage his coming here so + very often. At least, you should not _remind_ your mother of + inviting him.” + + “As I did the other day,” said Elizabeth with a conscious smile: + “very true, it will be wise in me to refrain from _that_. But do + not imagine that he is always here so often. It is on your + account that he has been so frequently invited this week. You + know my mother’s ideas as to the necessity of constant company + for her friends. But really, and upon my honour, I will try to do + what I think to be the wisest; and now I hope you are satisfied.” + + Her aunt assured her that she was, and Elizabeth having thanked + her for the kindness of her hints, they parted; a wonderful + instance of advice being given on such a point, without being + resented. + + Mr. Collins returned into Hertfordshire soon after it had been + quitted by the Gardiners and Jane; but as he took up his abode + with the Lucases, his arrival was no great inconvenience to Mrs. + Bennet. His marriage was now fast approaching, and she was at + length so far resigned as to think it inevitable, and even + repeatedly to say, in an ill-natured tone, that she “_wished_ + they might be happy.” Thursday was to be the wedding day, and on + Wednesday Miss Lucas paid her farewell visit; and when she rose + to take leave, Elizabeth, ashamed of her mother’s ungracious and + reluctant good wishes, and sincerely affected herself, + accompanied her out of the room. As they went downstairs + together, Charlotte said: + + “I shall depend on hearing from you very often, Eliza.” + + “_That_ you certainly shall.” + + “And I have another favour to ask you. Will you come and see me?” + + “We shall often meet, I hope, in Hertfordshire.” + + “I am not likely to leave Kent for some time. Promise me, + therefore, to come to Hunsford.” + + Elizabeth could not refuse, though she foresaw little pleasure in + the visit. + + “My father and Maria are coming to me in March,” added Charlotte, + “and I hope you will consent to be of the party. Indeed, Eliza, + you will be as welcome as either of them.” + + The wedding took place; the bride and bridegroom set off for Kent + from the church door, and everybody had as much to say, or to + hear, on the subject as usual. Elizabeth soon heard from her + friend; and their correspondence was as regular and frequent as + it had ever been; that it should be equally unreserved was + impossible. Elizabeth could never address her without feeling + that all the comfort of intimacy was over, and though determined + not to slacken as a correspondent, it was for the sake of what + had been, rather than what was. Charlotte’s first letters were + received with a good deal of eagerness; there could not but be + curiosity to know how she would speak of her new home, how she + would like Lady Catherine, and how happy she would dare pronounce + herself to be; though, when the letters were read, Elizabeth felt + that Charlotte expressed herself on every point exactly as she + might have foreseen. She wrote cheerfully, seemed surrounded with + comforts, and mentioned nothing which she could not praise. The + house, furniture, neighbourhood, and roads, were all to her + taste, and Lady Catherine’s behaviour was most friendly and + obliging. It was Mr. Collins’s picture of Hunsford and Rosings + rationally softened; and Elizabeth perceived that she must wait + for her own visit there to know the rest. + + Jane had already written a few lines to her sister to announce + their safe arrival in London; and when she wrote again, Elizabeth + hoped it would be in her power to say something of the Bingleys. + + Her impatience for this second letter was as well rewarded as + impatience generally is. Jane had been a week in town without + either seeing or hearing from Caroline. She accounted for it, + however, by supposing that her last letter to her friend from + Longbourn had by some accident been lost. + + “My aunt,” she continued, “is going to-morrow into that part of + the town, and I shall take the opportunity of calling in + Grosvenor Street.” + + She wrote again when the visit was paid, and she had seen Miss + Bingley. “I did not think Caroline in spirits,” were her words, + “but she was very glad to see me, and reproached me for giving + her no notice of my coming to London. I was right, therefore, my + last letter had never reached her. I inquired after their + brother, of course. He was well, but so much engaged with Mr. + Darcy that they scarcely ever saw him. I found that Miss Darcy + was expected to dinner. I wish I could see her. My visit was not + long, as Caroline and Mrs. Hurst were going out. I dare say I + shall see them soon here.” + + Elizabeth shook her head over this letter. It convinced her that + accident only could discover to Mr. Bingley her sister’s being in + town. + + Four weeks passed away, and Jane saw nothing of him. She + endeavoured to persuade herself that she did not regret it; but + she could no longer be blind to Miss Bingley’s inattention. After + waiting at home every morning for a fortnight, and inventing + every evening a fresh excuse for her, the visitor did at last + appear; but the shortness of her stay, and yet more, the + alteration of her manner would allow Jane to deceive herself no + longer. The letter which she wrote on this occasion to her sister + will prove what she felt. + + “My dearest Lizzy will, I am sure, be incapable of triumphing in + her better judgement, at my expense, when I confess myself to + have been entirely deceived in Miss Bingley’s regard for me. But, + my dear sister, though the event has proved you right, do not + think me obstinate if I still assert that, considering what her + behaviour was, my confidence was as natural as your suspicion. I + do not at all comprehend her reason for wishing to be intimate + with me; but if the same circumstances were to happen again, I am + sure I should be deceived again. Caroline did not return my visit + till yesterday; and not a note, not a line, did I receive in the + meantime. When she did come, it was very evident that she had no + pleasure in it; she made a slight, formal apology, for not + calling before, said not a word of wishing to see me again, and + was in every respect so altered a creature, that when she went + away I was perfectly resolved to continue the acquaintance no + longer. I pity, though I cannot help blaming her. She was very + wrong in singling me out as she did; I can safely say that every + advance to intimacy began on her side. But I pity her, because + she must feel that she has been acting wrong, and because I am + very sure that anxiety for her brother is the cause of it. I need + not explain myself farther; and though _we_ know this anxiety to + be quite needless, yet if she feels it, it will easily account + for her behaviour to me; and so deservedly dear as he is to his + sister, whatever anxiety she must feel on his behalf is natural + and amiable. I cannot but wonder, however, at her having any such + fears now, because, if he had at all cared about me, we must have + met, long ago. He knows of my being in town, I am certain, from + something she said herself; and yet it would seem, by her manner + of talking, as if she wanted to persuade herself that he is + really partial to Miss Darcy. I cannot understand it. If I were + not afraid of judging harshly, I should be almost tempted to say + that there is a strong appearance of duplicity in all this. But I + will endeavour to banish every painful thought, and think only of + what will make me happy—your affection, and the invariable + kindness of my dear uncle and aunt. Let me hear from you very + soon. Miss Bingley said something of his never returning to + Netherfield again, of giving up the house, but not with any + certainty. We had better not mention it. I am extremely glad that + you have such pleasant accounts from our friends at Hunsford. + Pray go to see them, with Sir William and Maria. I am sure you + will be very comfortable there.—Yours, etc.” + + This letter gave Elizabeth some pain; but her spirits returned as + she considered that Jane would no longer be duped, by the sister + at least. All expectation from the brother was now absolutely + over. She would not even wish for a renewal of his attentions. + His character sunk on every review of it; and as a punishment for + him, as well as a possible advantage to Jane, she seriously hoped + he might really soon marry Mr. Darcy’s sister, as by Wickham’s + account, she would make him abundantly regret what he had thrown + away. + + Mrs. Gardiner about this time reminded Elizabeth of her promise + concerning that gentleman, and required information; and + Elizabeth had such to send as might rather give contentment to + her aunt than to herself. His apparent partiality had subsided, + his attentions were over, he was the admirer of some one else. + Elizabeth was watchful enough to see it all, but she could see it + and write of it without material pain. Her heart had been but + slightly touched, and her vanity was satisfied with believing + that _she_ would have been his only choice, had fortune permitted + it. The sudden acquisition of ten thousand pounds was the most + remarkable charm of the young lady to whom he was now rendering + himself agreeable; but Elizabeth, less clear-sighted perhaps in + this case than in Charlotte’s, did not quarrel with him for his + wish of independence. Nothing, on the contrary, could be more + natural; and while able to suppose that it cost him a few + struggles to relinquish her, she was ready to allow it a wise and + desirable measure for both, and could very sincerely wish him + happy. + + All this was acknowledged to Mrs. Gardiner; and after relating + the circumstances, she thus went on: “I am now convinced, my dear + aunt, that I have never been much in love; for had I really + experienced that pure and elevating passion, I should at present + detest his very name, and wish him all manner of evil. But my + feelings are not only cordial towards _him_; they are even + impartial towards Miss King. I cannot find out that I hate her at + all, or that I am in the least unwilling to think her a very good + sort of girl. There can be no love in all this. My watchfulness + has been effectual; and though I certainly should be a more + interesting object to all my acquaintances were I distractedly in + love with him, I cannot say that I regret my comparative + insignificance. Importance may sometimes be purchased too dearly. + Kitty and Lydia take his defection much more to heart than I do. + They are young in the ways of the world, and not yet open to the + mortifying conviction that handsome young men must have something + to live on as well as the plain.” + + + + + Chapter 27 + + With no greater events than these in the Longbourn family, and + otherwise diversified by little beyond the walks to Meryton, + sometimes dirty and sometimes cold, did January and February pass + away. March was to take Elizabeth to Hunsford. She had not at + first thought very seriously of going thither; but Charlotte, she + soon found, was depending on the plan and she gradually learned + to consider it herself with greater pleasure as well as greater + certainty. Absence had increased her desire of seeing Charlotte + again, and weakened her disgust of Mr. Collins. There was novelty + in the scheme, and as, with such a mother and such + uncompanionable sisters, home could not be faultless, a little + change was not unwelcome for its own sake. The journey would + moreover give her a peep at Jane; and, in short, as the time drew + near, she would have been very sorry for any delay. Everything, + however, went on smoothly, and was finally settled according to + Charlotte’s first sketch. She was to accompany Sir William and + his second daughter. The improvement of spending a night in + London was added in time, and the plan became perfect as plan + could be. + + The only pain was in leaving her father, who would certainly miss + her, and who, when it came to the point, so little liked her + going, that he told her to write to him, and almost promised to + answer her letter. + + The farewell between herself and Mr. Wickham was perfectly + friendly; on his side even more. His present pursuit could not + make him forget that Elizabeth had been the first to excite and + to deserve his attention, the first to listen and to pity, the + first to be admired; and in his manner of bidding her adieu, + wishing her every enjoyment, reminding her of what she was to + expect in Lady Catherine de Bourgh, and trusting their opinion of + her—their opinion of everybody—would always coincide, there was a + solicitude, an interest which she felt must ever attach her to + him with a most sincere regard; and she parted from him convinced + that, whether married or single, he must always be her model of + the amiable and pleasing. + + Her fellow-travellers the next day were not of a kind to make her + think him less agreeable. Sir William Lucas, and his daughter + Maria, a good-humoured girl, but as empty-headed as himself, had + nothing to say that could be worth hearing, and were listened to + with about as much delight as the rattle of the chaise. Elizabeth + loved absurdities, but she had known Sir William’s too long. He + could tell her nothing new of the wonders of his presentation and + knighthood; and his civilities were worn out, like his + information. + + It was a journey of only twenty-four miles, and they began it so + early as to be in Gracechurch Street by noon. As they drove to + Mr. Gardiner’s door, Jane was at a drawing-room window watching + their arrival; when they entered the passage she was there to + welcome them, and Elizabeth, looking earnestly in her face, was + pleased to see it healthful and lovely as ever. On the stairs + were a troop of little boys and girls, whose eagerness for their + cousin’s appearance would not allow them to wait in the + drawing-room, and whose shyness, as they had not seen her for a + twelvemonth, prevented their coming lower. All was joy and + kindness. The day passed most pleasantly away; the morning in + bustle and shopping, and the evening at one of the theatres. + + Elizabeth then contrived to sit by her aunt. Their first object + was her sister; and she was more grieved than astonished to hear, + in reply to her minute inquiries, that though Jane always + struggled to support her spirits, there were periods of + dejection. It was reasonable, however, to hope that they would + not continue long. Mrs. Gardiner gave her the particulars also of + Miss Bingley’s visit in Gracechurch Street, and repeated + conversations occurring at different times between Jane and + herself, which proved that the former had, from her heart, given + up the acquaintance. + + Mrs. Gardiner then rallied her niece on Wickham’s desertion, and + complimented her on bearing it so well. + + “But my dear Elizabeth,” she added, “what sort of girl is Miss + King? I should be sorry to think our friend mercenary.” + + “Pray, my dear aunt, what is the difference in matrimonial + affairs, between the mercenary and the prudent motive? Where does + discretion end, and avarice begin? Last Christmas you were afraid + of his marrying me, because it would be imprudent; and now, + because he is trying to get a girl with only ten thousand pounds, + you want to find out that he is mercenary.” + + “If you will only tell me what sort of girl Miss King is, I shall + know what to think.” + + “She is a very good kind of girl, I believe. I know no harm of + her.” + + “But he paid her not the smallest attention till her + grandfather’s death made her mistress of this fortune.” + + “No—why should he? If it were not allowable for him to gain _my_ + affections because I had no money, what occasion could there be + for making love to a girl whom he did not care about, and who was + equally poor?” + + “But there seems an indelicacy in directing his attentions + towards her so soon after this event.” + + “A man in distressed circumstances has not time for all those + elegant decorums which other people may observe. If _she_ does + not object to it, why should _we_?” + + “_Her_ not objecting does not justify _him_. It only shows her + being deficient in something herself—sense or feeling.” + + “Well,” cried Elizabeth, “have it as you choose. _He_ shall be + mercenary, and _she_ shall be foolish.” + + “No, Lizzy, that is what I do _not_ choose. I should be sorry, + you know, to think ill of a young man who has lived so long in + Derbyshire.” + + “Oh! if that is all, I have a very poor opinion of young men who + live in Derbyshire; and their intimate friends who live in + Hertfordshire are not much better. I am sick of them all. Thank + Heaven! I am going to-morrow where I shall find a man who has not + one agreeable quality, who has neither manner nor sense to + recommend him. Stupid men are the only ones worth knowing, after + all.” + + “Take care, Lizzy; that speech savours strongly of + disappointment.” + + Before they were separated by the conclusion of the play, she had + the unexpected happiness of an invitation to accompany her uncle + and aunt in a tour of pleasure which they proposed taking in the + summer. + + “We have not determined how far it shall carry us,” said Mrs. + Gardiner, “but, perhaps, to the Lakes.” + + No scheme could have been more agreeable to Elizabeth, and her + acceptance of the invitation was most ready and grateful. “Oh, my + dear, dear aunt,” she rapturously cried, “what delight! what + felicity! You give me fresh life and vigour. Adieu to + disappointment and spleen. What are young men to rocks and + mountains? Oh! what hours of transport we shall spend! And when + we _do_ return, it shall not be like other travellers, without + being able to give one accurate idea of anything. We _will_ know + where we have gone—we _will_ recollect what we have seen. Lakes, + mountains, and rivers shall not be jumbled together in our + imaginations; nor when we attempt to describe any particular + scene, will we begin quarreling about its relative situation. Let + _our_ first effusions be less insupportable than those of the + generality of travellers.” + + + + + Chapter 28 + + Every object in the next day’s journey was new and interesting to + Elizabeth; and her spirits were in a state of enjoyment; for she + had seen her sister looking so well as to banish all fear for her + health, and the prospect of her northern tour was a constant + source of delight. + + When they left the high road for the lane to Hunsford, every eye + was in search of the Parsonage, and every turning expected to + bring it in view. The palings of Rosings Park was their boundary + on one side. Elizabeth smiled at the recollection of all that she + had heard of its inhabitants. + + At length the Parsonage was discernible. The garden sloping to + the road, the house standing in it, the green pales, and the + laurel hedge, everything declared they were arriving. Mr. Collins + and Charlotte appeared at the door, and the carriage stopped at + the small gate which led by a short gravel walk to the house, + amidst the nods and smiles of the whole party. In a moment they + were all out of the chaise, rejoicing at the sight of each other. + Mrs. Collins welcomed her friend with the liveliest pleasure, and + Elizabeth was more and more satisfied with coming when she found + herself so affectionately received. She saw instantly that her + cousin’s manners were not altered by his marriage; his formal + civility was just what it had been, and he detained her some + minutes at the gate to hear and satisfy his inquiries after all + her family. They were then, with no other delay than his pointing + out the neatness of the entrance, taken into the house; and as + soon as they were in the parlour, he welcomed them a second time, + with ostentatious formality to his humble abode, and punctually + repeated all his wife’s offers of refreshment. + + Elizabeth was prepared to see him in his glory; and she could not + help in fancying that in displaying the good proportion of the + room, its aspect and its furniture, he addressed himself + particularly to her, as if wishing to make her feel what she had + lost in refusing him. But though everything seemed neat and + comfortable, she was not able to gratify him by any sigh of + repentance, and rather looked with wonder at her friend that she + could have so cheerful an air with such a companion. When Mr. + Collins said anything of which his wife might reasonably be + ashamed, which certainly was not unseldom, she involuntarily + turned her eye on Charlotte. Once or twice she could discern a + faint blush; but in general Charlotte wisely did not hear. After + sitting long enough to admire every article of furniture in the + room, from the sideboard to the fender, to give an account of + their journey, and of all that had happened in London, Mr. + Collins invited them to take a stroll in the garden, which was + large and well laid out, and to the cultivation of which he + attended himself. To work in this garden was one of his most + respectable pleasures; and Elizabeth admired the command of + countenance with which Charlotte talked of the healthfulness of + the exercise, and owned she encouraged it as much as possible. + Here, leading the way through every walk and cross walk, and + scarcely allowing them an interval to utter the praises he asked + for, every view was pointed out with a minuteness which left + beauty entirely behind. He could number the fields in every + direction, and could tell how many trees there were in the most + distant clump. But of all the views which his garden, or which + the country or kingdom could boast, none were to be compared with + the prospect of Rosings, afforded by an opening in the trees that + bordered the park nearly opposite the front of his house. It was + a handsome modern building, well situated on rising ground. + + From his garden, Mr. Collins would have led them round his two + meadows; but the ladies, not having shoes to encounter the + remains of a white frost, turned back; and while Sir William + accompanied him, Charlotte took her sister and friend over the + house, extremely well pleased, probably, to have the opportunity + of showing it without her husband’s help. It was rather small, + but well built and convenient; and everything was fitted up and + arranged with a neatness and consistency of which Elizabeth gave + Charlotte all the credit. When Mr. Collins could be forgotten, + there was really an air of great comfort throughout, and by + Charlotte’s evident enjoyment of it, Elizabeth supposed he must + be often forgotten. + + She had already learnt that Lady Catherine was still in the + country. It was spoken of again while they were at dinner, when + Mr. Collins joining in, observed: + + “Yes, Miss Elizabeth, you will have the honour of seeing Lady + Catherine de Bourgh on the ensuing Sunday at church, and I need + not say you will be delighted with her. She is all affability and + condescension, and I doubt not but you will be honoured with some + portion of her notice when service is over. I have scarcely any + hesitation in saying she will include you and my sister Maria in + every invitation with which she honours us during your stay here. + Her behaviour to my dear Charlotte is charming. We dine at + Rosings twice every week, and are never allowed to walk home. Her + ladyship’s carriage is regularly ordered for us. I _should_ say, + one of her ladyship’s carriages, for she has several.” + + “Lady Catherine is a very respectable, sensible woman indeed,” + added Charlotte, “and a most attentive neighbour.” + + “Very true, my dear, that is exactly what I say. She is the sort + of woman whom one cannot regard with too much deference.” + + The evening was spent chiefly in talking over Hertfordshire news, + and telling again what had already been written; and when it + closed, Elizabeth, in the solitude of her chamber, had to + meditate upon Charlotte’s degree of contentment, to understand + her address in guiding, and composure in bearing with, her + husband, and to acknowledge that it was all done very well. She + had also to anticipate how her visit would pass, the quiet tenor + of their usual employments, the vexatious interruptions of Mr. + Collins, and the gaieties of their intercourse with Rosings. A + lively imagination soon settled it all. + + About the middle of the next day, as she was in her room getting + ready for a walk, a sudden noise below seemed to speak the whole + house in confusion; and, after listening a moment, she heard + somebody running up stairs in a violent hurry, and calling loudly + after her. She opened the door and met Maria in the landing + place, who, breathless with agitation, cried out— + + “Oh, my dear Eliza! pray make haste and come into the + dining-room, for there is such a sight to be seen! I will not + tell you what it is. Make haste, and come down this moment.” + + Elizabeth asked questions in vain; Maria would tell her nothing + more, and down they ran into the dining-room, which fronted the + lane, in quest of this wonder; It was two ladies stopping in a + low phaeton at the garden gate. + + “And is this all?” cried Elizabeth. “I expected at least that the + pigs were got into the garden, and here is nothing but Lady + Catherine and her daughter.” + + “La! my dear,” said Maria, quite shocked at the mistake, “it is + not Lady Catherine. The old lady is Mrs. Jenkinson, who lives + with them; the other is Miss de Bourgh. Only look at her. She is + quite a little creature. Who would have thought that she could be + so thin and small?” + + “She is abominably rude to keep Charlotte out of doors in all + this wind. Why does she not come in?” + + “Oh, Charlotte says she hardly ever does. It is the greatest of + favours when Miss de Bourgh comes in.” + + “I like her appearance,” said Elizabeth, struck with other ideas. + “She looks sickly and cross. Yes, she will do for him very well. + She will make him a very proper wife.” + + Mr. Collins and Charlotte were both standing at the gate in + conversation with the ladies; and Sir William, to Elizabeth’s + high diversion, was stationed in the doorway, in earnest + contemplation of the greatness before him, and constantly bowing + whenever Miss de Bourgh looked that way. + + At length there was nothing more to be said; the ladies drove on, + and the others returned into the house. Mr. Collins no sooner saw + the two girls than he began to congratulate them on their good + fortune, which Charlotte explained by letting them know that the + whole party was asked to dine at Rosings the next day. + + + + + Chapter 29 + + Mr. Collins’s triumph, in consequence of this invitation, was + complete. The power of displaying the grandeur of his patroness + to his wondering visitors, and of letting them see her civility + towards himself and his wife, was exactly what he had wished for; + and that an opportunity of doing it should be given so soon, was + such an instance of Lady Catherine’s condescension, as he knew + not how to admire enough. + + “I confess,” said he, “that I should not have been at all + surprised by her ladyship’s asking us on Sunday to drink tea and + spend the evening at Rosings. I rather expected, from my + knowledge of her affability, that it would happen. But who could + have foreseen such an attention as this? Who could have imagined + that we should receive an invitation to dine there (an + invitation, moreover, including the whole party) so immediately + after your arrival!” + + “I am the less surprised at what has happened,” replied Sir + William, “from that knowledge of what the manners of the great + really are, which my situation in life has allowed me to acquire. + About the court, such instances of elegant breeding are not + uncommon.” + + Scarcely anything was talked of the whole day or next morning but + their visit to Rosings. Mr. Collins was carefully instructing + them in what they were to expect, that the sight of such rooms, + so many servants, and so splendid a dinner, might not wholly + overpower them. + + When the ladies were separating for the toilette, he said to + Elizabeth— + + “Do not make yourself uneasy, my dear cousin, about your apparel. + Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us + which becomes herself and her daughter. I would advise you merely + to put on whatever of your clothes is superior to the rest—there + is no occasion for anything more. Lady Catherine will not think + the worse of you for being simply dressed. She likes to have the + distinction of rank preserved.” + + While they were dressing, he came two or three times to their + different doors, to recommend their being quick, as Lady + Catherine very much objected to be kept waiting for her dinner. + Such formidable accounts of her ladyship, and her manner of + living, quite frightened Maria Lucas who had been little used to + company, and she looked forward to her introduction at Rosings + with as much apprehension as her father had done to his + presentation at St. James’s. + + As the weather was fine, they had a pleasant walk of about half a + mile across the park. Every park has its beauty and its + prospects; and Elizabeth saw much to be pleased with, though she + could not be in such raptures as Mr. Collins expected the scene + to inspire, and was but slightly affected by his enumeration of + the windows in front of the house, and his relation of what the + glazing altogether had originally cost Sir Lewis de Bourgh. + + When they ascended the steps to the hall, Maria’s alarm was every + moment increasing, and even Sir William did not look perfectly + calm. Elizabeth’s courage did not fail her. She had heard nothing + of Lady Catherine that spoke her awful from any extraordinary + talents or miraculous virtue, and the mere stateliness of money + or rank she thought she could witness without trepidation. + + From the entrance-hall, of which Mr. Collins pointed out, with a + rapturous air, the fine proportion and the finished ornaments, + they followed the servants through an ante-chamber, to the room + where Lady Catherine, her daughter, and Mrs. Jenkinson were + sitting. Her ladyship, with great condescension, arose to receive + them; and as Mrs. Collins had settled it with her husband that + the office of introduction should be hers, it was performed in a + proper manner, without any of those apologies and thanks which he + would have thought necessary. + + In spite of having been at St. James’s, Sir William was so + completely awed by the grandeur surrounding him, that he had but + just courage enough to make a very low bow, and take his seat + without saying a word; and his daughter, frightened almost out of + her senses, sat on the edge of her chair, not knowing which way + to look. Elizabeth found herself quite equal to the scene, and + could observe the three ladies before her composedly. Lady + Catherine was a tall, large woman, with strongly-marked features, + which might once have been handsome. Her air was not + conciliating, nor was her manner of receiving them such as to + make her visitors forget their inferior rank. She was not + rendered formidable by silence; but whatever she said was spoken + in so authoritative a tone, as marked her self-importance, and + brought Mr. Wickham immediately to Elizabeth’s mind; and from the + observation of the day altogether, she believed Lady Catherine to + be exactly what he represented. + + When, after examining the mother, in whose countenance and + deportment she soon found some resemblance of Mr. Darcy, she + turned her eyes on the daughter, she could almost have joined in + Maria’s astonishment at her being so thin and so small. There was + neither in figure nor face any likeness between the ladies. Miss + de Bourgh was pale and sickly; her features, though not plain, + were insignificant; and she spoke very little, except in a low + voice, to Mrs. Jenkinson, in whose appearance there was nothing + remarkable, and who was entirely engaged in listening to what she + said, and placing a screen in the proper direction before her + eyes. + + After sitting a few minutes, they were all sent to one of the + windows to admire the view, Mr. Collins attending them to point + out its beauties, and Lady Catherine kindly informing them that + it was much better worth looking at in the summer. + + The dinner was exceedingly handsome, and there were all the + servants and all the articles of plate which Mr. Collins had + promised; and, as he had likewise foretold, he took his seat at + the bottom of the table, by her ladyship’s desire, and looked as + if he felt that life could furnish nothing greater. He carved, + and ate, and praised with delighted alacrity; and every dish was + commended, first by him and then by Sir William, who was now + enough recovered to echo whatever his son-in-law said, in a + manner which Elizabeth wondered Lady Catherine could bear. But + Lady Catherine seemed gratified by their excessive admiration, + and gave most gracious smiles, especially when any dish on the + table proved a novelty to them. The party did not supply much + conversation. Elizabeth was ready to speak whenever there was an + opening, but she was seated between Charlotte and Miss de + Bourgh—the former of whom was engaged in listening to Lady + Catherine, and the latter said not a word to her all dinner-time. + Mrs. Jenkinson was chiefly employed in watching how little Miss + de Bourgh ate, pressing her to try some other dish, and fearing + she was indisposed. Maria thought speaking out of the question, + and the gentlemen did nothing but eat and admire. + + When the ladies returned to the drawing-room, there was little to + be done but to hear Lady Catherine talk, which she did without + any intermission till coffee came in, delivering her opinion on + every subject in so decisive a manner, as proved that she was not + used to have her judgement controverted. She inquired into + Charlotte’s domestic concerns familiarly and minutely, gave her a + great deal of advice as to the management of them all; told her + how everything ought to be regulated in so small a family as + hers, and instructed her as to the care of her cows and her + poultry. Elizabeth found that nothing was beneath this great + lady’s attention, which could furnish her with an occasion of + dictating to others. In the intervals of her discourse with Mrs. + Collins, she addressed a variety of questions to Maria and + Elizabeth, but especially to the latter, of whose connections she + knew the least, and who she observed to Mrs. Collins was a very + genteel, pretty kind of girl. She asked her, at different times, + how many sisters she had, whether they were older or younger than + herself, whether any of them were likely to be married, whether + they were handsome, where they had been educated, what carriage + her father kept, and what had been her mother’s maiden name? + Elizabeth felt all the impertinence of her questions but answered + them very composedly. Lady Catherine then observed, + + “Your father’s estate is entailed on Mr. Collins, I think. For + your sake,” turning to Charlotte, “I am glad of it; but otherwise + I see no occasion for entailing estates from the female line. It + was not thought necessary in Sir Lewis de Bourgh’s family. Do you + play and sing, Miss Bennet?” + + “A little.” + + “Oh! then—some time or other we shall be happy to hear you. Our + instrument is a capital one, probably superior to——You shall try + it some day. Do your sisters play and sing?” + + “One of them does.” + + “Why did not you all learn? You ought all to have learned. The + Miss Webbs all play, and their father has not so good an income + as yours. Do you draw?” + + “No, not at all.” + + “What, none of you?” + + “Not one.” + + “That is very strange. But I suppose you had no opportunity. Your + mother should have taken you to town every spring for the benefit + of masters.” + + “My mother would have had no objection, but my father hates + London.” + + “Has your governess left you?” + + “We never had any governess.” + + “No governess! How was that possible? Five daughters brought up + at home without a governess! I never heard of such a thing. Your + mother must have been quite a slave to your education.” + + Elizabeth could hardly help smiling as she assured her that had + not been the case. + + “Then, who taught you? who attended to you? Without a governess, + you must have been neglected.” + + “Compared with some families, I believe we were; but such of us + as wished to learn never wanted the means. We were always + encouraged to read, and had all the masters that were necessary. + Those who chose to be idle, certainly might.” + + “Aye, no doubt; but that is what a governess will prevent, and if + I had known your mother, I should have advised her most + strenuously to engage one. I always say that nothing is to be + done in education without steady and regular instruction, and + nobody but a governess can give it. It is wonderful how many + families I have been the means of supplying in that way. I am + always glad to get a young person well placed out. Four nieces of + Mrs. Jenkinson are most delightfully situated through my means; + and it was but the other day that I recommended another young + person, who was merely accidentally mentioned to me, and the + family are quite delighted with her. Mrs. Collins, did I tell you + of Lady Metcalf’s calling yesterday to thank me? She finds Miss + Pope a treasure. ‘Lady Catherine,’ said she, ‘you have given me a + treasure.’ Are any of your younger sisters out, Miss Bennet?” + + “Yes, ma’am, all.” + + “All! What, all five out at once? Very odd! And you only the + second. The younger ones out before the elder ones are married! + Your younger sisters must be very young?” + + “Yes, my youngest is not sixteen. Perhaps _she_ is full young to + be much in company. But really, ma’am, I think it would be very + hard upon younger sisters, that they should not have their share + of society and amusement, because the elder may not have the + means or inclination to marry early. The last-born has as good a + right to the pleasures of youth as the first. And to be kept back + on _such_ a motive! I think it would not be very likely to + promote sisterly affection or delicacy of mind.” + + “Upon my word,” said her ladyship, “you give your opinion very + decidedly for so young a person. Pray, what is your age?” + + “With three younger sisters grown up,” replied Elizabeth, + smiling, “your ladyship can hardly expect me to own it.” + + Lady Catherine seemed quite astonished at not receiving a direct + answer; and Elizabeth suspected herself to be the first creature + who had ever dared to trifle with so much dignified impertinence. + + “You cannot be more than twenty, I am sure, therefore you need + not conceal your age.” + + “I am not one-and-twenty.” + + When the gentlemen had joined them, and tea was over, the + card-tables were placed. Lady Catherine, Sir William, and Mr. and + Mrs. Collins sat down to quadrille; and as Miss de Bourgh chose + to play at cassino, the two girls had the honour of assisting + Mrs. Jenkinson to make up her party. Their table was + superlatively stupid. Scarcely a syllable was uttered that did + not relate to the game, except when Mrs. Jenkinson expressed her + fears of Miss de Bourgh’s being too hot or too cold, or having + too much or too little light. A great deal more passed at the + other table. Lady Catherine was generally speaking—stating the + mistakes of the three others, or relating some anecdote of + herself. Mr. Collins was employed in agreeing to everything her + ladyship said, thanking her for every fish he won, and + apologising if he thought he won too many. Sir William did not + say much. He was storing his memory with anecdotes and noble + names. + + When Lady Catherine and her daughter had played as long as they + chose, the tables were broken up, the carriage was offered to + Mrs. Collins, gratefully accepted and immediately ordered. The + party then gathered round the fire to hear Lady Catherine + determine what weather they were to have on the morrow. From + these instructions they were summoned by the arrival of the + coach; and with many speeches of thankfulness on Mr. Collins’s + side and as many bows on Sir William’s they departed. As soon as + they had driven from the door, Elizabeth was called on by her + cousin to give her opinion of all that she had seen at Rosings, + which, for Charlotte’s sake, she made more favourable than it + really was. But her commendation, though costing her some + trouble, could by no means satisfy Mr. Collins, and he was very + soon obliged to take her ladyship’s praise into his own hands. + + + + + Chapter 30 + + Sir William stayed only a week at Hunsford, but his visit was + long enough to convince him of his daughter’s being most + comfortably settled, and of her possessing such a husband and + such a neighbour as were not often met with. While Sir William + was with them, Mr. Collins devoted his morning to driving him out + in his gig, and showing him the country; but when he went away, + the whole family returned to their usual employments, and + Elizabeth was thankful to find that they did not see more of her + cousin by the alteration, for the chief of the time between + breakfast and dinner was now passed by him either at work in the + garden or in reading and writing, and looking out of the window + in his own book-room, which fronted the road. The room in which + the ladies sat was backwards. Elizabeth had at first rather + wondered that Charlotte should not prefer the dining-parlour for + common use; it was a better sized room, and had a more pleasant + aspect; but she soon saw that her friend had an excellent reason + for what she did, for Mr. Collins would undoubtedly have been + much less in his own apartment, had they sat in one equally + lively; and she gave Charlotte credit for the arrangement. + + From the drawing-room they could distinguish nothing in the lane, + and were indebted to Mr. Collins for the knowledge of what + carriages went along, and how often especially Miss de Bourgh + drove by in her phaeton, which he never failed coming to inform + them of, though it happened almost every day. She not + unfrequently stopped at the Parsonage, and had a few minutes’ + conversation with Charlotte, but was scarcely ever prevailed upon + to get out. + + Very few days passed in which Mr. Collins did not walk to + Rosings, and not many in which his wife did not think it + necessary to go likewise; and till Elizabeth recollected that + there might be other family livings to be disposed of, she could + not understand the sacrifice of so many hours. Now and then they + were honoured with a call from her ladyship, and nothing escaped + her observation that was passing in the room during these visits. + She examined into their employments, looked at their work, and + advised them to do it differently; found fault with the + arrangement of the furniture; or detected the housemaid in + negligence; and if she accepted any refreshment, seemed to do it + only for the sake of finding out that Mrs. Collins’s joints of + meat were too large for her family. + + Elizabeth soon perceived, that though this great lady was not in + commission of the peace of the county, she was a most active + magistrate in her own parish, the minutest concerns of which were + carried to her by Mr. Collins; and whenever any of the cottagers + were disposed to be quarrelsome, discontented, or too poor, she + sallied forth into the village to settle their differences, + silence their complaints, and scold them into harmony and plenty. + + The entertainment of dining at Rosings was repeated about twice a + week; and, allowing for the loss of Sir William, and there being + only one card-table in the evening, every such entertainment was + the counterpart of the first. Their other engagements were few, + as the style of living in the neighbourhood in general was beyond + Mr. Collins’s reach. This, however, was no evil to Elizabeth, and + upon the whole she spent her time comfortably enough; there were + half-hours of pleasant conversation with Charlotte, and the + weather was so fine for the time of year that she had often great + enjoyment out of doors. Her favourite walk, and where she + frequently went while the others were calling on Lady Catherine, + was along the open grove which edged that side of the park, where + there was a nice sheltered path, which no one seemed to value but + herself, and where she felt beyond the reach of Lady Catherine’s + curiosity. + + In this quiet way, the first fortnight of her visit soon passed + away. Easter was approaching, and the week preceding it was to + bring an addition to the family at Rosings, which in so small a + circle must be important. Elizabeth had heard soon after her + arrival that Mr. Darcy was expected there in the course of a few + weeks, and though there were not many of her acquaintances whom + she did not prefer, his coming would furnish one comparatively + new to look at in their Rosings parties, and she might be amused + in seeing how hopeless Miss Bingley’s designs on him were, by his + behaviour to his cousin, for whom he was evidently destined by + Lady Catherine, who talked of his coming with the greatest + satisfaction, spoke of him in terms of the highest admiration, + and seemed almost angry to find that he had already been + frequently seen by Miss Lucas and herself. + + His arrival was soon known at the Parsonage; for Mr. Collins was + walking the whole morning within view of the lodges opening into + Hunsford Lane, in order to have the earliest assurance of it, and + after making his bow as the carriage turned into the Park, + hurried home with the great intelligence. On the following + morning he hastened to Rosings to pay his respects. There were + two nephews of Lady Catherine to require them, for Mr. Darcy had + brought with him a Colonel Fitzwilliam, the younger son of his + uncle Lord ——, and, to the great surprise of all the party, when + Mr. Collins returned, the gentlemen accompanied him. Charlotte + had seen them from her husband’s room, crossing the road, and + immediately running into the other, told the girls what an honour + they might expect, adding: + + “I may thank you, Eliza, for this piece of civility. Mr. Darcy + would never have come so soon to wait upon me.” + + Elizabeth had scarcely time to disclaim all right to the + compliment, before their approach was announced by the door-bell, + and shortly afterwards the three gentlemen entered the room. + Colonel Fitzwilliam, who led the way, was about thirty, not + handsome, but in person and address most truly the gentleman. Mr. + Darcy looked just as he had been used to look in + Hertfordshire—paid his compliments, with his usual reserve, to + Mrs. Collins, and whatever might be his feelings toward her + friend, met her with every appearance of composure. Elizabeth + merely curtseyed to him without saying a word. + + Colonel Fitzwilliam entered into conversation directly with the + readiness and ease of a well-bred man, and talked very + pleasantly; but his cousin, after having addressed a slight + observation on the house and garden to Mrs. Collins, sat for some + time without speaking to anybody. At length, however, his + civility was so far awakened as to inquire of Elizabeth after the + health of her family. She answered him in the usual way, and + after a moment’s pause, added: + + “My eldest sister has been in town these three months. Have you + never happened to see her there?” + + She was perfectly sensible that he never had; but she wished to + see whether he would betray any consciousness of what had passed + between the Bingleys and Jane, and she thought he looked a little + confused as he answered that he had never been so fortunate as to + meet Miss Bennet. The subject was pursued no farther, and the + gentlemen soon afterwards went away. + + + + + Chapter 31 + + Colonel Fitzwilliam’s manners were very much admired at the + Parsonage, and the ladies all felt that he must add considerably + to the pleasures of their engagements at Rosings. It was some + days, however, before they received any invitation thither—for + while there were visitors in the house, they could not be + necessary; and it was not till Easter-day, almost a week after + the gentlemen’s arrival, that they were honoured by such an + attention, and then they were merely asked on leaving church to + come there in the evening. For the last week they had seen very + little of Lady Catherine or her daughter. Colonel Fitzwilliam had + called at the Parsonage more than once during the time, but Mr. + Darcy they had seen only at church. + + The invitation was accepted of course, and at a proper hour they + joined the party in Lady Catherine’s drawing-room. Her ladyship + received them civilly, but it was plain that their company was by + no means so acceptable as when she could get nobody else; and she + was, in fact, almost engrossed by her nephews, speaking to them, + especially to Darcy, much more than to any other person in the + room. + + Colonel Fitzwilliam seemed really glad to see them; anything was + a welcome relief to him at Rosings; and Mrs. Collins’s pretty + friend had moreover caught his fancy very much. He now seated + himself by her, and talked so agreeably of Kent and + Hertfordshire, of travelling and staying at home, of new books + and music, that Elizabeth had never been half so well entertained + in that room before; and they conversed with so much spirit and + flow, as to draw the attention of Lady Catherine herself, as well + as of Mr. Darcy. _His_ eyes had been soon and repeatedly turned + towards them with a look of curiosity; and that her ladyship, + after a while, shared the feeling, was more openly acknowledged, + for she did not scruple to call out: + + “What is that you are saying, Fitzwilliam? What is it you are + talking of? What are you telling Miss Bennet? Let me hear what it + is.” + + “We are speaking of music, madam,” said he, when no longer able + to avoid a reply. + + “Of music! Then pray speak aloud. It is of all subjects my + delight. I must have my share in the conversation if you are + speaking of music. There are few people in England, I suppose, + who have more true enjoyment of music than myself, or a better + natural taste. If I had ever learnt, I should have been a great + proficient. And so would Anne, if her health had allowed her to + apply. I am confident that she would have performed delightfully. + How does Georgiana get on, Darcy?” + + Mr. Darcy spoke with affectionate praise of his sister’s + proficiency. + + “I am very glad to hear such a good account of her,” said Lady + Catherine; “and pray tell her from me, that she cannot expect to + excel if she does not practice a good deal.” + + “I assure you, madam,” he replied, “that she does not need such + advice. She practises very constantly.” + + “So much the better. It cannot be done too much; and when I next + write to her, I shall charge her not to neglect it on any + account. I often tell young ladies that no excellence in music is + to be acquired without constant practice. I have told Miss Bennet + several times, that she will never play really well unless she + practises more; and though Mrs. Collins has no instrument, she is + very welcome, as I have often told her, to come to Rosings every + day, and play on the pianoforte in Mrs. Jenkinson’s room. She + would be in nobody’s way, you know, in that part of the house.” + + Mr. Darcy looked a little ashamed of his aunt’s ill-breeding, and + made no answer. + + When coffee was over, Colonel Fitzwilliam reminded Elizabeth of + having promised to play to him; and she sat down directly to the + instrument. He drew a chair near her. Lady Catherine listened to + half a song, and then talked, as before, to her other nephew; + till the latter walked away from her, and making with his usual + deliberation towards the pianoforte stationed himself so as to + command a full view of the fair performer’s countenance. + Elizabeth saw what he was doing, and at the first convenient + pause, turned to him with an arch smile, and said: + + “You mean to frighten me, Mr. Darcy, by coming in all this state + to hear me? I will not be alarmed though your sister _does_ play + so well. There is a stubbornness about me that never can bear to + be frightened at the will of others. My courage always rises at + every attempt to intimidate me.” + + “I shall not say you are mistaken,” he replied, “because you + could not really believe me to entertain any design of alarming + you; and I have had the pleasure of your acquaintance long enough + to know that you find great enjoyment in occasionally professing + opinions which in fact are not your own.” + + Elizabeth laughed heartily at this picture of herself, and said + to Colonel Fitzwilliam, “Your cousin will give you a very pretty + notion of me, and teach you not to believe a word I say. I am + particularly unlucky in meeting with a person so able to expose + my real character, in a part of the world where I had hoped to + pass myself off with some degree of credit. Indeed, Mr. Darcy, it + is very ungenerous in you to mention all that you knew to my + disadvantage in Hertfordshire—and, give me leave to say, very + impolitic too—for it is provoking me to retaliate, and such + things may come out as will shock your relations to hear.” + + “I am not afraid of you,” said he, smilingly. + + “Pray let me hear what you have to accuse him of,” cried Colonel + Fitzwilliam. “I should like to know how he behaves among + strangers.” + + “You shall hear then—but prepare yourself for something very + dreadful. The first time of my ever seeing him in Hertfordshire, + you must know, was at a ball—and at this ball, what do you think + he did? He danced only four dances, though gentlemen were scarce; + and, to my certain knowledge, more than one young lady was + sitting down in want of a partner. Mr. Darcy, you cannot deny the + fact.” + + “I had not at that time the honour of knowing any lady in the + assembly beyond my own party.” + + “True; and nobody can ever be introduced in a ball-room. Well, + Colonel Fitzwilliam, what do I play next? My fingers wait your + orders.” + + “Perhaps,” said Darcy, “I should have judged better, had I sought + an introduction; but I am ill-qualified to recommend myself to + strangers.” + + “Shall we ask your cousin the reason of this?” said Elizabeth, + still addressing Colonel Fitzwilliam. “Shall we ask him why a man + of sense and education, and who has lived in the world, is ill + qualified to recommend himself to strangers?” + + “I can answer your question,” said Fitzwilliam, “without applying + to him. It is because he will not give himself the trouble.” + + “I certainly have not the talent which some people possess,” said + Darcy, “of conversing easily with those I have never seen before. + I cannot catch their tone of conversation, or appear interested + in their concerns, as I often see done.” + + “My fingers,” said Elizabeth, “do not move over this instrument + in the masterly manner which I see so many women’s do. They have + not the same force or rapidity, and do not produce the same + expression. But then I have always supposed it to be my own + fault—because I will not take the trouble of practising. It is + not that I do not believe _my_ fingers as capable as any other + woman’s of superior execution.” + + Darcy smiled and said, “You are perfectly right. You have + employed your time much better. No one admitted to the privilege + of hearing you can think anything wanting. We neither of us + perform to strangers.” + + Here they were interrupted by Lady Catherine, who called out to + know what they were talking of. Elizabeth immediately began + playing again. Lady Catherine approached, and, after listening + for a few minutes, said to Darcy: + + “Miss Bennet would not play at all amiss if she practised more, + and could have the advantage of a London master. She has a very + good notion of fingering, though her taste is not equal to + Anne’s. Anne would have been a delightful performer, had her + health allowed her to learn.” + + Elizabeth looked at Darcy to see how cordially he assented to his + cousin’s praise; but neither at that moment nor at any other + could she discern any symptom of love; and from the whole of his + behaviour to Miss de Bourgh she derived this comfort for Miss + Bingley, that he might have been just as likely to marry _her_, + had she been his relation. + + Lady Catherine continued her remarks on Elizabeth’s performance, + mixing with them many instructions on execution and taste. + Elizabeth received them with all the forbearance of civility, + and, at the request of the gentlemen, remained at the instrument + till her ladyship’s carriage was ready to take them all home. + + + + + Chapter 32 + + Elizabeth was sitting by herself the next morning, and writing to + Jane while Mrs. Collins and Maria were gone on business into the + village, when she was startled by a ring at the door, the certain + signal of a visitor. As she had heard no carriage, she thought it + not unlikely to be Lady Catherine, and under that apprehension + was putting away her half-finished letter that she might escape + all impertinent questions, when the door opened, and, to her very + great surprise, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. Darcy only, entered the room. + + He seemed astonished too on finding her alone, and apologised for + his intrusion by letting her know that he had understood all the + ladies were to be within. + + They then sat down, and when her inquiries after Rosings were + made, seemed in danger of sinking into total silence. It was + absolutely necessary, therefore, to think of something, and in + this emergence recollecting _when_ she had seen him last in + Hertfordshire, and feeling curious to know what he would say on + the subject of their hasty departure, she observed: + + “How very suddenly you all quitted Netherfield last November, Mr. + Darcy! It must have been a most agreeable surprise to Mr. Bingley + to see you all after him so soon; for, if I recollect right, he + went but the day before. He and his sisters were well, I hope, + when you left London?” + + “Perfectly so, I thank you.” + + She found that she was to receive no other answer, and, after a + short pause added: + + “I think I have understood that Mr. Bingley has not much idea of + ever returning to Netherfield again?” + + “I have never heard him say so; but it is probable that he may + spend very little of his time there in the future. He has many + friends, and is at a time of life when friends and engagements + are continually increasing.” + + “If he means to be but little at Netherfield, it would be better + for the neighbourhood that he should give up the place entirely, + for then we might possibly get a settled family there. But, + perhaps, Mr. Bingley did not take the house so much for the + convenience of the neighbourhood as for his own, and we must + expect him to keep it or quit it on the same principle.” + + “I should not be surprised,” said Darcy, “if he were to give it + up as soon as any eligible purchase offers.” + + Elizabeth made no answer. She was afraid of talking longer of his + friend; and, having nothing else to say, was now determined to + leave the trouble of finding a subject to him. + + He took the hint, and soon began with, “This seems a very + comfortable house. Lady Catherine, I believe, did a great deal to + it when Mr. Collins first came to Hunsford.” + + “I believe she did—and I am sure she could not have bestowed her + kindness on a more grateful object.” + + “Mr. Collins appears to be very fortunate in his choice of a + wife.” + + “Yes, indeed, his friends may well rejoice in his having met with + one of the very few sensible women who would have accepted him, + or have made him happy if they had. My friend has an excellent + understanding—though I am not certain that I consider her + marrying Mr. Collins as the wisest thing she ever did. She seems + perfectly happy, however, and in a prudential light it is + certainly a very good match for her.” + + “It must be very agreeable for her to be settled within so easy a + distance of her own family and friends.” + + “An easy distance, do you call it? It is nearly fifty miles.” + + “And what is fifty miles of good road? Little more than half a + day’s journey. Yes, I call it a very easy distance.” + + “I should never have considered the distance as one of the + _advantages_ of the match,” cried Elizabeth. “I should never have + said Mrs. Collins was settled _near_ her family.” + + “It is a proof of your own attachment to Hertfordshire. Anything + beyond the very neighbourhood of Longbourn, I suppose, would + appear far.” + + As he spoke there was a sort of smile which Elizabeth fancied she + understood; he must be supposing her to be thinking of Jane and + Netherfield, and she blushed as she answered: + + “I do not mean to say that a woman may not be settled too near + her family. The far and the near must be relative, and depend on + many varying circumstances. Where there is fortune to make the + expenses of travelling unimportant, distance becomes no evil. But + that is not the case _here_. Mr. and Mrs. Collins have a + comfortable income, but not such a one as will allow of frequent + journeys—and I am persuaded my friend would not call herself + _near_ her family under less than _half_ the present distance.” + + Mr. Darcy drew his chair a little towards her, and said, “_You_ + cannot have a right to such very strong local attachment. _You_ + cannot have been always at Longbourn.” + + Elizabeth looked surprised. The gentleman experienced some change + of feeling; he drew back his chair, took a newspaper from the + table, and glancing over it, said, in a colder voice: + + “Are you pleased with Kent?” + + A short dialogue on the subject of the country ensued, on either + side calm and concise—and soon put an end to by the entrance of + Charlotte and her sister, just returned from her walk. The + _tête-à-tête_ surprised them. Mr. Darcy related the mistake which + had occasioned his intruding on Miss Bennet, and after sitting a + few minutes longer without saying much to anybody, went away. + + “What can be the meaning of this?” said Charlotte, as soon as he + was gone. “My dear, Eliza, he must be in love with you, or he + would never have called us in this familiar way.” + + But when Elizabeth told of his silence, it did not seem very + likely, even to Charlotte’s wishes, to be the case; and after + various conjectures, they could at last only suppose his visit to + proceed from the difficulty of finding anything to do, which was + the more probable from the time of year. All field sports were + over. Within doors there was Lady Catherine, books, and a + billiard-table, but gentlemen cannot always be within doors; and + in the nearness of the Parsonage, or the pleasantness of the walk + to it, or of the people who lived in it, the two cousins found a + temptation from this period of walking thither almost every day. + They called at various times of the morning, sometimes + separately, sometimes together, and now and then accompanied by + their aunt. It was plain to them all that Colonel Fitzwilliam + came because he had pleasure in their society, a persuasion which + of course recommended him still more; and Elizabeth was reminded + by her own satisfaction in being with him, as well as by his + evident admiration of her, of her former favourite George + Wickham; and though, in comparing them, she saw there was less + captivating softness in Colonel Fitzwilliam’s manners, she + believed he might have the best informed mind. + + But why Mr. Darcy came so often to the Parsonage, it was more + difficult to understand. It could not be for society, as he + frequently sat there ten minutes together without opening his + lips; and when he did speak, it seemed the effect of necessity + rather than of choice—a sacrifice to propriety, not a pleasure to + himself. He seldom appeared really animated. Mrs. Collins knew + not what to make of him. Colonel Fitzwilliam’s occasionally + laughing at his stupidity, proved that he was generally + different, which her own knowledge of him could not have told + her; and as she would liked to have believed this change the + effect of love, and the object of that love her friend Eliza, she + set herself seriously to work to find it out. She watched him + whenever they were at Rosings, and whenever he came to Hunsford; + but without much success. He certainly looked at her friend a + great deal, but the expression of that look was disputable. It + was an earnest, steadfast gaze, but she often doubted whether + there were much admiration in it, and sometimes it seemed nothing + but absence of mind. + + She had once or twice suggested to Elizabeth the possibility of + his being partial to her, but Elizabeth always laughed at the + idea; and Mrs. Collins did not think it right to press the + subject, from the danger of raising expectations which might only + end in disappointment; for in her opinion it admitted not of a + doubt, that all her friend’s dislike would vanish, if she could + suppose him to be in her power. + + In her kind schemes for Elizabeth, she sometimes planned her + marrying Colonel Fitzwilliam. He was beyond comparison the most + pleasant man; he certainly admired her, and his situation in life + was most eligible; but, to counterbalance these advantages, Mr. + Darcy had considerable patronage in the church, and his cousin + could have none at all. + + + + + Chapter 33 + + More than once did Elizabeth, in her ramble within the park, + unexpectedly meet Mr. Darcy. She felt all the perverseness of the + mischance that should bring him where no one else was brought, + and, to prevent its ever happening again, took care to inform him + at first that it was a favourite haunt of hers. How it could + occur a second time, therefore, was very odd! Yet it did, and + even a third. It seemed like wilful ill-nature, or a voluntary + penance, for on these occasions it was not merely a few formal + inquiries and an awkward pause and then away, but he actually + thought it necessary to turn back and walk with her. He never + said a great deal, nor did she give herself the trouble of + talking or of listening much; but it struck her in the course of + their third rencontre that he was asking some odd unconnected + questions—about her pleasure in being at Hunsford, her love of + solitary walks, and her opinion of Mr. and Mrs. Collins’s + happiness; and that in speaking of Rosings and her not perfectly + understanding the house, he seemed to expect that whenever she + came into Kent again she would be staying _there_ too. His words + seemed to imply it. Could he have Colonel Fitzwilliam in his + thoughts? She supposed, if he meant anything, he must mean an + allusion to what might arise in that quarter. It distressed her a + little, and she was quite glad to find herself at the gate in the + pales opposite the Parsonage. + + She was engaged one day as she walked, in perusing Jane’s last + letter, and dwelling on some passages which proved that Jane had + not written in spirits, when, instead of being again surprised by + Mr. Darcy, she saw on looking up that Colonel Fitzwilliam was + meeting her. Putting away the letter immediately and forcing a + smile, she said: + + “I did not know before that you ever walked this way.” + + “I have been making the tour of the park,” he replied, “as I + generally do every year, and intend to close it with a call at + the Parsonage. Are you going much farther?” + + “No, I should have turned in a moment.” + + And accordingly she did turn, and they walked towards the + Parsonage together. + + “Do you certainly leave Kent on Saturday?” said she. + + “Yes—if Darcy does not put it off again. But I am at his + disposal. He arranges the business just as he pleases.” + + “And if not able to please himself in the arrangement, he has at + least pleasure in the great power of choice. I do not know + anybody who seems more to enjoy the power of doing what he likes + than Mr. Darcy.” + + “He likes to have his own way very well,” replied Colonel + Fitzwilliam. “But so we all do. It is only that he has better + means of having it than many others, because he is rich, and many + others are poor. I speak feelingly. A younger son, you know, must + be inured to self-denial and dependence.” + + “In my opinion, the younger son of an earl can know very little + of either. Now seriously, what have you ever known of self-denial + and dependence? When have you been prevented by want of money + from going wherever you chose, or procuring anything you had a + fancy for?” + + “These are home questions—and perhaps I cannot say that I have + experienced many hardships of that nature. But in matters of + greater weight, I may suffer from want of money. Younger sons + cannot marry where they like.” + + “Unless where they like women of fortune, which I think they very + often do.” + + “Our habits of expense make us too dependent, and there are not + many in my rank of life who can afford to marry without some + attention to money.” + + “Is this,” thought Elizabeth, “meant for me?” and she coloured at + the idea; but, recovering herself, said in a lively tone, “And + pray, what is the usual price of an earl’s younger son? Unless + the elder brother is very sickly, I suppose you would not ask + above fifty thousand pounds.” + + He answered her in the same style, and the subject dropped. To + interrupt a silence which might make him fancy her affected with + what had passed, she soon afterwards said: + + “I imagine your cousin brought you down with him chiefly for the + sake of having someone at his disposal. I wonder he does not + marry, to secure a lasting convenience of that kind. But, + perhaps, his sister does as well for the present, and, as she is + under his sole care, he may do what he likes with her.” + + “No,” said Colonel Fitzwilliam, “that is an advantage which he + must divide with me. I am joined with him in the guardianship of + Miss Darcy.” + + “Are you indeed? And pray what sort of guardians do you make? + Does your charge give you much trouble? Young ladies of her age + are sometimes a little difficult to manage, and if she has the + true Darcy spirit, she may like to have her own way.” + + As she spoke she observed him looking at her earnestly; and the + manner in which he immediately asked her why she supposed Miss + Darcy likely to give them any uneasiness, convinced her that she + had somehow or other got pretty near the truth. She directly + replied: + + “You need not be frightened. I never heard any harm of her; and I + dare say she is one of the most tractable creatures in the world. + She is a very great favourite with some ladies of my + acquaintance, Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley. I think I have heard + you say that you know them.” + + “I know them a little. Their brother is a pleasant gentlemanlike + man—he is a great friend of Darcy’s.” + + “Oh! yes,” said Elizabeth drily; “Mr. Darcy is uncommonly kind to + Mr. Bingley, and takes a prodigious deal of care of him.” + + “Care of him! Yes, I really believe Darcy _does_ take care of him + in those points where he most wants care. From something that he + told me in our journey hither, I have reason to think Bingley + very much indebted to him. But I ought to beg his pardon, for I + have no right to suppose that Bingley was the person meant. It + was all conjecture.” + + “What is it you mean?” + + “It is a circumstance which Darcy could not wish to be generally + known, because if it were to get round to the lady’s family, it + would be an unpleasant thing.” + + “You may depend upon my not mentioning it.” + + “And remember that I have not much reason for supposing it to be + Bingley. What he told me was merely this: that he congratulated + himself on having lately saved a friend from the inconveniences + of a most imprudent marriage, but without mentioning names or any + other particulars, and I only suspected it to be Bingley from + believing him the kind of young man to get into a scrape of that + sort, and from knowing them to have been together the whole of + last summer.” + + “Did Mr. Darcy give you reasons for this interference?” + + “I understood that there were some very strong objections against + the lady.” + + “And what arts did he use to separate them?” + + “He did not talk to me of his own arts,” said Fitzwilliam, + smiling. “He only told me what I have now told you.” + + Elizabeth made no answer, and walked on, her heart swelling with + indignation. After watching her a little, Fitzwilliam asked her + why she was so thoughtful. + + “I am thinking of what you have been telling me,” said she. “Your + cousin’s conduct does not suit my feelings. Why was he to be the + judge?” + + “You are rather disposed to call his interference officious?” + + “I do not see what right Mr. Darcy had to decide on the propriety + of his friend’s inclination, or why, upon his own judgement + alone, he was to determine and direct in what manner his friend + was to be happy. But,” she continued, recollecting herself, “as + we know none of the particulars, it is not fair to condemn him. + It is not to be supposed that there was much affection in the + case.” + + “That is not an unnatural surmise,” said Fitzwilliam, “but it is + a lessening of the honour of my cousin’s triumph very sadly.” + + This was spoken jestingly; but it appeared to her so just a + picture of Mr. Darcy, that she would not trust herself with an + answer, and therefore, abruptly changing the conversation talked + on indifferent matters until they reached the Parsonage. There, + shut into her own room, as soon as their visitor left them, she + could think without interruption of all that she had heard. It + was not to be supposed that any other people could be meant than + those with whom she was connected. There could not exist in the + world _two_ men over whom Mr. Darcy could have such boundless + influence. That he had been concerned in the measures taken to + separate Bingley and Jane she had never doubted; but she had + always attributed to Miss Bingley the principal design and + arrangement of them. If his own vanity, however, did not mislead + him, _he_ was the cause, his pride and caprice were the cause, of + all that Jane had suffered, and still continued to suffer. He had + ruined for a while every hope of happiness for the most + affectionate, generous heart in the world; and no one could say + how lasting an evil he might have inflicted. + + “There were some very strong objections against the lady,” were + Colonel Fitzwilliam’s words; and those strong objections probably + were, her having one uncle who was a country attorney, and + another who was in business in London. + + “To Jane herself,” she exclaimed, “there could be no possibility + of objection; all loveliness and goodness as she is!—her + understanding excellent, her mind improved, and her manners + captivating. Neither could anything be urged against my father, + who, though with some peculiarities, has abilities Mr. Darcy + himself need not disdain, and respectability which he will + probably never reach.” When she thought of her mother, her + confidence gave way a little; but she would not allow that any + objections _there_ had material weight with Mr. Darcy, whose + pride, she was convinced, would receive a deeper wound from the + want of importance in his friend’s connections, than from their + want of sense; and she was quite decided, at last, that he had + been partly governed by this worst kind of pride, and partly by + the wish of retaining Mr. Bingley for his sister. + + The agitation and tears which the subject occasioned, brought on + a headache; and it grew so much worse towards the evening, that, + added to her unwillingness to see Mr. Darcy, it determined her + not to attend her cousins to Rosings, where they were engaged to + drink tea. Mrs. Collins, seeing that she was really unwell, did + not press her to go and as much as possible prevented her husband + from pressing her; but Mr. Collins could not conceal his + apprehension of Lady Catherine’s being rather displeased by her + staying at home. + + + + + Chapter 34 + + When they were gone, Elizabeth, as if intending to exasperate + herself as much as possible against Mr. Darcy, chose for her + employment the examination of all the letters which Jane had + written to her since her being in Kent. They contained no actual + complaint, nor was there any revival of past occurrences, or any + communication of present suffering. But in all, and in almost + every line of each, there was a want of that cheerfulness which + had been used to characterise her style, and which, proceeding + from the serenity of a mind at ease with itself and kindly + disposed towards everyone, had been scarcely ever clouded. + Elizabeth noticed every sentence conveying the idea of + uneasiness, with an attention which it had hardly received on the + first perusal. Mr. Darcy’s shameful boast of what misery he had + been able to inflict, gave her a keener sense of her sister’s + sufferings. It was some consolation to think that his visit to + Rosings was to end on the day after the next—and, a still + greater, that in less than a fortnight she should herself be with + Jane again, and enabled to contribute to the recovery of her + spirits, by all that affection could do. + + She could not think of Darcy’s leaving Kent without remembering + that his cousin was to go with him; but Colonel Fitzwilliam had + made it clear that he had no intentions at all, and agreeable as + he was, she did not mean to be unhappy about him. + + While settling this point, she was suddenly roused by the sound + of the door-bell, and her spirits were a little fluttered by the + idea of its being Colonel Fitzwilliam himself, who had once + before called late in the evening, and might now come to inquire + particularly after her. But this idea was soon banished, and her + spirits were very differently affected, when, to her utter + amazement, she saw Mr. Darcy walk into the room. In an hurried + manner he immediately began an inquiry after her health, imputing + his visit to a wish of hearing that she were better. She answered + him with cold civility. He sat down for a few moments, and then + getting up, walked about the room. Elizabeth was surprised, but + said not a word. After a silence of several minutes, he came + towards her in an agitated manner, and thus began: + + “In vain I have struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not + be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire + and love you.” + + Elizabeth’s astonishment was beyond expression. She stared, + coloured, doubted, and was silent. This he considered sufficient + encouragement; and the avowal of all that he felt, and had long + felt for her, immediately followed. He spoke well; but there were + feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed; and he was + not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride. His + sense of her inferiority—of its being a degradation—of the family + obstacles which had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on + with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was + wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit. + + In spite of her deeply-rooted dislike, she could not be + insensible to the compliment of such a man’s affection, and + though her intentions did not vary for an instant, she was at + first sorry for the pain he was to receive; till, roused to + resentment by his subsequent language, she lost all compassion in + anger. She tried, however, to compose herself to answer him with + patience, when he should have done. He concluded with + representing to her the strength of that attachment which, in + spite of all his endeavours, he had found impossible to conquer; + and with expressing his hope that it would now be rewarded by her + acceptance of his hand. As he said this, she could easily see + that he had no doubt of a favourable answer. He _spoke_ of + apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real + security. Such a circumstance could only exasperate farther, and, + when he ceased, the colour rose into her cheeks, and she said: + + “In such cases as this, it is, I believe, the established mode to + express a sense of obligation for the sentiments avowed, however + unequally they may be returned. It is natural that obligation + should be felt, and if I could _feel_ gratitude, I would now + thank you. But I cannot—I have never desired your good opinion, + and you have certainly bestowed it most unwillingly. I am sorry + to have occasioned pain to anyone. It has been most unconsciously + done, however, and I hope will be of short duration. The feelings + which, you tell me, have long prevented the acknowledgment of + your regard, can have little difficulty in overcoming it after + this explanation.” + + Mr. Darcy, who was leaning against the mantelpiece with his eyes + fixed on her face, seemed to catch her words with no less + resentment than surprise. His complexion became pale with anger, + and the disturbance of his mind was visible in every feature. He + was struggling for the appearance of composure, and would not + open his lips till he believed himself to have attained it. The + pause was to Elizabeth’s feelings dreadful. At length, with a + voice of forced calmness, he said: + + “And this is all the reply which I am to have the honour of + expecting! I might, perhaps, wish to be informed why, with so + little _endeavour_ at civility, I am thus rejected. But it is of + small importance.” + + “I might as well inquire,” replied she, “why with so evident a + desire of offending and insulting me, you chose to tell me that + you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even + against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, + if I _was_ uncivil? But I have other provocations. You know I + have. Had not my feelings decided against you—had they been + indifferent, or had they even been favourable, do you think that + any consideration would tempt me to accept the man who has been + the means of ruining, perhaps for ever, the happiness of a most + beloved sister?” + + As she pronounced these words, Mr. Darcy changed colour; but the + emotion was short, and he listened without attempting to + interrupt her while she continued: + + “I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive + can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted _there_. You + dare not, you cannot deny, that you have been the principal, if + not the only means of dividing them from each other—of exposing + one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, and + the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving + them both in misery of the acutest kind.” + + She paused, and saw with no slight indignation that he was + listening with an air which proved him wholly unmoved by any + feeling of remorse. He even looked at her with a smile of + affected incredulity. + + “Can you deny that you have done it?” she repeated. + + With assumed tranquillity he then replied: “I have no wish of + denying that I did everything in my power to separate my friend + from your sister, or that I rejoice in my success. Towards _him_ + I have been kinder than towards myself.” + + Elizabeth disdained the appearance of noticing this civil + reflection, but its meaning did not escape, nor was it likely to + conciliate her. + + “But it is not merely this affair,” she continued, “on which my + dislike is founded. Long before it had taken place my opinion of + you was decided. Your character was unfolded in the recital which + I received many months ago from Mr. Wickham. On this subject, + what can you have to say? In what imaginary act of friendship can + you here defend yourself? or under what misrepresentation can you + here impose upon others?” + + “You take an eager interest in that gentleman’s concerns,” said + Darcy, in a less tranquil tone, and with a heightened colour. + + “Who that knows what his misfortunes have been, can help feeling + an interest in him?” + + “His misfortunes!” repeated Darcy contemptuously; “yes, his + misfortunes have been great indeed.” + + “And of your infliction,” cried Elizabeth with energy. “You have + reduced him to his present state of poverty—comparative poverty. + You have withheld the advantages which you must know to have been + designed for him. You have deprived the best years of his life of + that independence which was no less his due than his desert. You + have done all this! and yet you can treat the mention of his + misfortune with contempt and ridicule.” + + “And this,” cried Darcy, as he walked with quick steps across the + room, “is your opinion of me! This is the estimation in which you + hold me! I thank you for explaining it so fully. My faults, + according to this calculation, are heavy indeed! But perhaps,” + added he, stopping in his walk, and turning towards her, “these + offenses might have been overlooked, had not your pride been hurt + by my honest confession of the scruples that had long prevented + my forming any serious design. These bitter accusations might + have been suppressed, had I, with greater policy, concealed my + struggles, and flattered you into the belief of my being impelled + by unqualified, unalloyed inclination; by reason, by reflection, + by everything. But disguise of every sort is my abhorrence. Nor + am I ashamed of the feelings I related. They were natural and + just. Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your + connections?—to congratulate myself on the hope of relations, + whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?” + + Elizabeth felt herself growing more angry every moment; yet she + tried to the utmost to speak with composure when she said: + + “You are mistaken, Mr. Darcy, if you suppose that the mode of + your declaration affected me in any other way, than as it spared + me the concern which I might have felt in refusing you, had you + behaved in a more gentlemanlike manner.” + + She saw him start at this, but he said nothing, and she + continued: + + “You could not have made the offer of your hand in any possible + way that would have tempted me to accept it.” + + Again his astonishment was obvious; and he looked at her with an + expression of mingled incredulity and mortification. She went on: + + “From the very beginning—from the first moment, I may almost + say—of my acquaintance with you, your manners, impressing me with + the fullest belief of your arrogance, your conceit, and your + selfish disdain of the feelings of others, were such as to form + the groundwork of disapprobation on which succeeding events have + built so immovable a dislike; and I had not known you a month + before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I + could ever be prevailed on to marry.” + + “You have said quite enough, madam. I perfectly comprehend your + feelings, and have now only to be ashamed of what my own have + been. Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time, and + accept my best wishes for your health and happiness.” + + And with these words he hastily left the room, and Elizabeth + heard him the next moment open the front door and quit the house. + + The tumult of her mind, was now painfully great. She knew not how + to support herself, and from actual weakness sat down and cried + for half-an-hour. Her astonishment, as she reflected on what had + passed, was increased by every review of it. That she should + receive an offer of marriage from Mr. Darcy! That he should have + been in love with her for so many months! So much in love as to + wish to marry her in spite of all the objections which had made + him prevent his friend’s marrying her sister, and which must + appear at least with equal force in his own case—was almost + incredible! It was gratifying to have inspired unconsciously so + strong an affection. But his pride, his abominable pride—his + shameless avowal of what he had done with respect to Jane—his + unpardonable assurance in acknowledging, though he could not + justify it, and the unfeeling manner in which he had mentioned + Mr. Wickham, his cruelty towards whom he had not attempted to + deny, soon overcame the pity which the consideration of his + attachment had for a moment excited. She continued in very + agitated reflections till the sound of Lady Catherine’s carriage + made her feel how unequal she was to encounter Charlotte’s + observation, and hurried her away to her room. + + + + + Chapter 35 + + Elizabeth awoke the next morning to the same thoughts and + meditations which had at length closed her eyes. She could not + yet recover from the surprise of what had happened; it was + impossible to think of anything else; and, totally indisposed for + employment, she resolved, soon after breakfast, to indulge + herself in air and exercise. She was proceeding directly to her + favourite walk, when the recollection of Mr. Darcy’s sometimes + coming there stopped her, and instead of entering the park, she + turned up the lane, which led farther from the turnpike-road. The + park paling was still the boundary on one side, and she soon + passed one of the gates into the ground. + + After walking two or three times along that part of the lane, she + was tempted, by the pleasantness of the morning, to stop at the + gates and look into the park. The five weeks which she had now + passed in Kent had made a great difference in the country, and + every day was adding to the verdure of the early trees. She was + on the point of continuing her walk, when she caught a glimpse of + a gentleman within the sort of grove which edged the park; he was + moving that way; and, fearful of its being Mr. Darcy, she was + directly retreating. But the person who advanced was now near + enough to see her, and stepping forward with eagerness, + pronounced her name. She had turned away; but on hearing herself + called, though in a voice which proved it to be Mr. Darcy, she + moved again towards the gate. He had by that time reached it + also, and, holding out a letter, which she instinctively took, + said, with a look of haughty composure, “I have been walking in + the grove some time in the hope of meeting you. Will you do me + the honour of reading that letter?” And then, with a slight bow, + turned again into the plantation, and was soon out of sight. + + With no expectation of pleasure, but with the strongest + curiosity, Elizabeth opened the letter, and, to her still + increasing wonder, perceived an envelope containing two sheets of + letter-paper, written quite through, in a very close hand. The + envelope itself was likewise full. Pursuing her way along the + lane, she then began it. It was dated from Rosings, at eight + o’clock in the morning, and was as follows:— + + “Be not alarmed, madam, on receiving this letter, by the + apprehension of its containing any repetition of those sentiments + or renewal of those offers which were last night so disgusting to + you. I write without any intention of paining you, or humbling + myself, by dwelling on wishes which, for the happiness of both, + cannot be too soon forgotten; and the effort which the formation + and the perusal of this letter must occasion, should have been + spared, had not my character required it to be written and read. + You must, therefore, pardon the freedom with which I demand your + attention; your feelings, I know, will bestow it unwillingly, but + I demand it of your justice. + + “Two offenses of a very different nature, and by no means of + equal magnitude, you last night laid to my charge. The first + mentioned was, that, regardless of the sentiments of either, I + had detached Mr. Bingley from your sister, and the other, that I + had, in defiance of various claims, in defiance of honour and + humanity, ruined the immediate prosperity and blasted the + prospects of Mr. Wickham. Wilfully and wantonly to have thrown + off the companion of my youth, the acknowledged favourite of my + father, a young man who had scarcely any other dependence than on + our patronage, and who had been brought up to expect its + exertion, would be a depravity, to which the separation of two + young persons, whose affection could be the growth of only a few + weeks, could bear no comparison. But from the severity of that + blame which was last night so liberally bestowed, respecting each + circumstance, I shall hope to be in the future secured, when the + following account of my actions and their motives has been read. + If, in the explanation of them, which is due to myself, I am + under the necessity of relating feelings which may be offensive + to yours, I can only say that I am sorry. The necessity must be + obeyed, and further apology would be absurd. + + “I had not been long in Hertfordshire, before I saw, in common + with others, that Bingley preferred your elder sister to any + other young woman in the country. But it was not till the evening + of the dance at Netherfield that I had any apprehension of his + feeling a serious attachment. I had often seen him in love + before. At that ball, while I had the honour of dancing with you, + I was first made acquainted, by Sir William Lucas’s accidental + information, that Bingley’s attentions to your sister had given + rise to a general expectation of their marriage. He spoke of it + as a certain event, of which the time alone could be undecided. + From that moment I observed my friend’s behaviour attentively; + and I could then perceive that his partiality for Miss Bennet was + beyond what I had ever witnessed in him. Your sister I also + watched. Her look and manners were open, cheerful, and engaging + as ever, but without any symptom of peculiar regard, and I + remained convinced from the evening’s scrutiny, that though she + received his attentions with pleasure, she did not invite them by + any participation of sentiment. If _you_ have not been mistaken + here, _I_ must have been in error. Your superior knowledge of + your sister must make the latter probable. If it be so, if I have + been misled by such error to inflict pain on her, your resentment + has not been unreasonable. But I shall not scruple to assert, + that the serenity of your sister’s countenance and air was such + as might have given the most acute observer a conviction that, + however amiable her temper, her heart was not likely to be easily + touched. That I was desirous of believing her indifferent is + certain—but I will venture to say that my investigation and + decisions are not usually influenced by my hopes or fears. I did + not believe her to be indifferent because I wished it; I believed + it on impartial conviction, as truly as I wished it in reason. My + objections to the marriage were not merely those which I last + night acknowledged to have the utmost force of passion to put + aside, in my own case; the want of connection could not be so + great an evil to my friend as to me. But there were other causes + of repugnance; causes which, though still existing, and existing + to an equal degree in both instances, I had myself endeavoured to + forget, because they were not immediately before me. These causes + must be stated, though briefly. The situation of your mother’s + family, though objectionable, was nothing in comparison to that + total want of propriety so frequently, so almost uniformly + betrayed by herself, by your three younger sisters, and + occasionally even by your father. Pardon me. It pains me to + offend you. But amidst your concern for the defects of your + nearest relations, and your displeasure at this representation of + them, let it give you consolation to consider that, to have + conducted yourselves so as to avoid any share of the like + censure, is praise no less generally bestowed on you and your + elder sister, than it is honourable to the sense and disposition + of both. I will only say farther that from what passed that + evening, my opinion of all parties was confirmed, and every + inducement heightened which could have led me before, to preserve + my friend from what I esteemed a most unhappy connection. He left + Netherfield for London, on the day following, as you, I am + certain, remember, with the design of soon returning. + + “The part which I acted is now to be explained. His sisters’ + uneasiness had been equally excited with my own; our coincidence + of feeling was soon discovered, and, alike sensible that no time + was to be lost in detaching their brother, we shortly resolved on + joining him directly in London. We accordingly went—and there I + readily engaged in the office of pointing out to my friend the + certain evils of such a choice. I described, and enforced them + earnestly. But, however this remonstrance might have staggered or + delayed his determination, I do not suppose that it would + ultimately have prevented the marriage, had it not been seconded + by the assurance that I hesitated not in giving, of your sister’s + indifference. He had before believed her to return his affection + with sincere, if not with equal regard. But Bingley has great + natural modesty, with a stronger dependence on my judgement than + on his own. To convince him, therefore, that he had deceived + himself, was no very difficult point. To persuade him against + returning into Hertfordshire, when that conviction had been + given, was scarcely the work of a moment. I cannot blame myself + for having done thus much. There is but one part of my conduct in + the whole affair on which I do not reflect with satisfaction; it + is that I condescended to adopt the measures of art so far as to + conceal from him your sister’s being in town. I knew it myself, + as it was known to Miss Bingley; but her brother is even yet + ignorant of it. That they might have met without ill consequence + is perhaps probable; but his regard did not appear to me enough + extinguished for him to see her without some danger. Perhaps this + concealment, this disguise was beneath me; it is done, however, + and it was done for the best. On this subject I have nothing more + to say, no other apology to offer. If I have wounded your + sister’s feelings, it was unknowingly done and though the motives + which governed me may to you very naturally appear insufficient, + I have not yet learnt to condemn them. + + “With respect to that other, more weighty accusation, of having + injured Mr. Wickham, I can only refute it by laying before you + the whole of his connection with my family. Of what he has + _particularly_ accused me I am ignorant; but of the truth of what + I shall relate, I can summon more than one witness of undoubted + veracity. + + “Mr. Wickham is the son of a very respectable man, who had for + many years the management of all the Pemberley estates, and whose + good conduct in the discharge of his trust naturally inclined my + father to be of service to him; and on George Wickham, who was + his godson, his kindness was therefore liberally bestowed. My + father supported him at school, and afterwards at Cambridge—most + important assistance, as his own father, always poor from the + extravagance of his wife, would have been unable to give him a + gentleman’s education. My father was not only fond of this young + man’s society, whose manners were always engaging; he had also + the highest opinion of him, and hoping the church would be his + profession, intended to provide for him in it. As for myself, it + is many, many years since I first began to think of him in a very + different manner. The vicious propensities—the want of principle, + which he was careful to guard from the knowledge of his best + friend, could not escape the observation of a young man of nearly + the same age with himself, and who had opportunities of seeing + him in unguarded moments, which Mr. Darcy could not have. Here + again I shall give you pain—to what degree you only can tell. But + whatever may be the sentiments which Mr. Wickham has created, a + suspicion of their nature shall not prevent me from unfolding his + real character—it adds even another motive. + + “My excellent father died about five years ago; and his + attachment to Mr. Wickham was to the last so steady, that in his + will he particularly recommended it to me, to promote his + advancement in the best manner that his profession might + allow—and if he took orders, desired that a valuable family + living might be his as soon as it became vacant. There was also a + legacy of one thousand pounds. His own father did not long + survive mine, and within half a year from these events, Mr. + Wickham wrote to inform me that, having finally resolved against + taking orders, he hoped I should not think it unreasonable for + him to expect some more immediate pecuniary advantage, in lieu of + the preferment, by which he could not be benefited. He had some + intention, he added, of studying law, and I must be aware that + the interest of one thousand pounds would be a very insufficient + support therein. I rather wished, than believed him to be + sincere; but, at any rate, was perfectly ready to accede to his + proposal. I knew that Mr. Wickham ought not to be a clergyman; + the business was therefore soon settled—he resigned all claim to + assistance in the church, were it possible that he could ever be + in a situation to receive it, and accepted in return three + thousand pounds. All connection between us seemed now dissolved. + I thought too ill of him to invite him to Pemberley, or admit his + society in town. In town I believe he chiefly lived, but his + studying the law was a mere pretence, and being now free from all + restraint, his life was a life of idleness and dissipation. For + about three years I heard little of him; but on the decease of + the incumbent of the living which had been designed for him, he + applied to me again by letter for the presentation. His + circumstances, he assured me, and I had no difficulty in + believing it, were exceedingly bad. He had found the law a most + unprofitable study, and was now absolutely resolved on being + ordained, if I would present him to the living in question—of + which he trusted there could be little doubt, as he was well + assured that I had no other person to provide for, and I could + not have forgotten my revered father’s intentions. You will + hardly blame me for refusing to comply with this entreaty, or for + resisting every repetition to it. His resentment was in + proportion to the distress of his circumstances—and he was + doubtless as violent in his abuse of me to others as in his + reproaches to myself. After this period every appearance of + acquaintance was dropped. How he lived I know not. But last + summer he was again most painfully obtruded on my notice. + + “I must now mention a circumstance which I would wish to forget + myself, and which no obligation less than the present should + induce me to unfold to any human being. Having said thus much, I + feel no doubt of your secrecy. My sister, who is more than ten + years my junior, was left to the guardianship of my mother’s + nephew, Colonel Fitzwilliam, and myself. About a year ago, she + was taken from school, and an establishment formed for her in + London; and last summer she went with the lady who presided over + it, to Ramsgate; and thither also went Mr. Wickham, undoubtedly + by design; for there proved to have been a prior acquaintance + between him and Mrs. Younge, in whose character we were most + unhappily deceived; and by her connivance and aid, he so far + recommended himself to Georgiana, whose affectionate heart + retained a strong impression of his kindness to her as a child, + that she was persuaded to believe herself in love, and to consent + to an elopement. She was then but fifteen, which must be her + excuse; and after stating her imprudence, I am happy to add, that + I owed the knowledge of it to herself. I joined them unexpectedly + a day or two before the intended elopement, and then Georgiana, + unable to support the idea of grieving and offending a brother + whom she almost looked up to as a father, acknowledged the whole + to me. You may imagine what I felt and how I acted. Regard for my + sister’s credit and feelings prevented any public exposure; but I + wrote to Mr. Wickham, who left the place immediately, and Mrs. + Younge was of course removed from her charge. Mr. Wickham’s chief + object was unquestionably my sister’s fortune, which is thirty + thousand pounds; but I cannot help supposing that the hope of + revenging himself on me was a strong inducement. His revenge + would have been complete indeed. + + “This, madam, is a faithful narrative of every event in which we + have been concerned together; and if you do not absolutely reject + it as false, you will, I hope, acquit me henceforth of cruelty + towards Mr. Wickham. I know not in what manner, under what form + of falsehood he had imposed on you; but his success is not + perhaps to be wondered at. Ignorant as you previously were of + everything concerning either, detection could not be in your + power, and suspicion certainly not in your inclination. + + “You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last + night; but I was not then master enough of myself to know what + could or ought to be revealed. For the truth of everything here + related, I can appeal more particularly to the testimony of + Colonel Fitzwilliam, who, from our near relationship and constant + intimacy, and, still more, as one of the executors of my father’s + will, has been unavoidably acquainted with every particular of + these transactions. If your abhorrence of _me_ should make _my_ + assertions valueless, you cannot be prevented by the same cause + from confiding in my cousin; and that there may be the + possibility of consulting him, I shall endeavour to find some + opportunity of putting this letter in your hands in the course of + the morning. I will only add, God bless you. + + “FITZWILLIAM DARCY” + + + + + Chapter 36 + + If Elizabeth, when Mr. Darcy gave her the letter, did not expect + it to contain a renewal of his offers, she had formed no + expectation at all of its contents. But such as they were, it may + well be supposed how eagerly she went through them, and what a + contrariety of emotion they excited. Her feelings as she read + were scarcely to be defined. With amazement did she first + understand that he believed any apology to be in his power; and + steadfastly was she persuaded, that he could have no explanation + to give, which a just sense of shame would not conceal. With a + strong prejudice against everything he might say, she began his + account of what had happened at Netherfield. She read with an + eagerness which hardly left her power of comprehension, and from + impatience of knowing what the next sentence might bring, was + incapable of attending to the sense of the one before her eyes. + His belief of her sister’s insensibility she instantly resolved + to be false; and his account of the real, the worst objections to + the match, made her too angry to have any wish of doing him + justice. He expressed no regret for what he had done which + satisfied her; his style was not penitent, but haughty. It was + all pride and insolence. + + But when this subject was succeeded by his account of Mr. + Wickham—when she read with somewhat clearer attention a relation + of events which, if true, must overthrow every cherished opinion + of his worth, and which bore so alarming an affinity to his own + history of himself—her feelings were yet more acutely painful and + more difficult of definition. Astonishment, apprehension, and + even horror, oppressed her. She wished to discredit it entirely, + repeatedly exclaiming, “This must be false! This cannot be! This + must be the grossest falsehood!”—and when she had gone through + the whole letter, though scarcely knowing anything of the last + page or two, put it hastily away, protesting that she would not + regard it, that she would never look in it again. + + In this perturbed state of mind, with thoughts that could rest on + nothing, she walked on; but it would not do; in half a minute the + letter was unfolded again, and collecting herself as well as she + could, she again began the mortifying perusal of all that related + to Wickham, and commanded herself so far as to examine the + meaning of every sentence. The account of his connection with the + Pemberley family was exactly what he had related himself; and the + kindness of the late Mr. Darcy, though she had not before known + its extent, agreed equally well with his own words. So far each + recital confirmed the other; but when she came to the will, the + difference was great. What Wickham had said of the living was + fresh in her memory, and as she recalled his very words, it was + impossible not to feel that there was gross duplicity on one side + or the other; and, for a few moments, she flattered herself that + her wishes did not err. But when she read and re-read with the + closest attention, the particulars immediately following of + Wickham’s resigning all pretensions to the living, of his + receiving in lieu so considerable a sum as three thousand pounds, + again was she forced to hesitate. She put down the letter, + weighed every circumstance with what she meant to be + impartiality—deliberated on the probability of each statement—but + with little success. On both sides it was only assertion. Again + she read on; but every line proved more clearly that the affair, + which she had believed it impossible that any contrivance could + so represent as to render Mr. Darcy’s conduct in it less than + infamous, was capable of a turn which must make him entirely + blameless throughout the whole. + + The extravagance and general profligacy which he scrupled not to + lay at Mr. Wickham’s charge, exceedingly shocked her; the more + so, as she could bring no proof of its injustice. She had never + heard of him before his entrance into the ——shire Militia, in + which he had engaged at the persuasion of the young man who, on + meeting him accidentally in town, had there renewed a slight + acquaintance. Of his former way of life nothing had been known in + Hertfordshire but what he told himself. As to his real character, + had information been in her power, she had never felt a wish of + inquiring. His countenance, voice, and manner had established him + at once in the possession of every virtue. She tried to recollect + some instance of goodness, some distinguished trait of integrity + or benevolence, that might rescue him from the attacks of Mr. + Darcy; or at least, by the predominance of virtue, atone for + those casual errors under which she would endeavour to class what + Mr. Darcy had described as the idleness and vice of many years’ + continuance. But no such recollection befriended her. She could + see him instantly before her, in every charm of air and address; + but she could remember no more substantial good than the general + approbation of the neighbourhood, and the regard which his social + powers had gained him in the mess. After pausing on this point a + considerable while, she once more continued to read. But, alas! + the story which followed, of his designs on Miss Darcy, received + some confirmation from what had passed between Colonel + Fitzwilliam and herself only the morning before; and at last she + was referred for the truth of every particular to Colonel + Fitzwilliam himself—from whom she had previously received the + information of his near concern in all his cousin’s affairs, and + whose character she had no reason to question. At one time she + had almost resolved on applying to him, but the idea was checked + by the awkwardness of the application, and at length wholly + banished by the conviction that Mr. Darcy would never have + hazarded such a proposal, if he had not been well assured of his + cousin’s corroboration. + + She perfectly remembered everything that had passed in + conversation between Wickham and herself, in their first evening + at Mr. Phillips’s. Many of his expressions were still fresh in + her memory. She was _now_ struck with the impropriety of such + communications to a stranger, and wondered it had escaped her + before. She saw the indelicacy of putting himself forward as he + had done, and the inconsistency of his professions with his + conduct. She remembered that he had boasted of having no fear of + seeing Mr. Darcy—that Mr. Darcy might leave the country, but that + _he_ should stand his ground; yet he had avoided the Netherfield + ball the very next week. She remembered also that, till the + Netherfield family had quitted the country, he had told his story + to no one but herself; but that after their removal it had been + everywhere discussed; that he had then no reserves, no scruples + in sinking Mr. Darcy’s character, though he had assured her that + respect for the father would always prevent his exposing the son. + + How differently did everything now appear in which he was + concerned! His attentions to Miss King were now the consequence + of views solely and hatefully mercenary; and the mediocrity of + her fortune proved no longer the moderation of his wishes, but + his eagerness to grasp at anything. His behaviour to herself + could now have had no tolerable motive; he had either been + deceived with regard to her fortune, or had been gratifying his + vanity by encouraging the preference which she believed she had + most incautiously shown. Every lingering struggle in his favour + grew fainter and fainter; and in farther justification of Mr. + Darcy, she could not but allow that Mr. Bingley, when questioned + by Jane, had long ago asserted his blamelessness in the affair; + that proud and repulsive as were his manners, she had never, in + the whole course of their acquaintance—an acquaintance which had + latterly brought them much together, and given her a sort of + intimacy with his ways—seen anything that betrayed him to be + unprincipled or unjust—anything that spoke him of irreligious or + immoral habits; that among his own connections he was esteemed + and valued—that even Wickham had allowed him merit as a brother, + and that she had often heard him speak so affectionately of his + sister as to prove him capable of some amiable feeling; that had + his actions been what Mr. Wickham represented them, so gross a + violation of everything right could hardly have been concealed + from the world; and that friendship between a person capable of + it, and such an amiable man as Mr. Bingley, was incomprehensible. + + She grew absolutely ashamed of herself. Of neither Darcy nor + Wickham could she think without feeling she had been blind, + partial, prejudiced, absurd. + + “How despicably I have acted!” she cried; “I, who have prided + myself on my discernment! I, who have valued myself on my + abilities! who have often disdained the generous candour of my + sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable mistrust! + How humiliating is this discovery! Yet, how just a humiliation! + Had I been in love, I could not have been more wretchedly blind! + But vanity, not love, has been my folly. Pleased with the + preference of one, and offended by the neglect of the other, on + the very beginning of our acquaintance, I have courted + prepossession and ignorance, and driven reason away, where either + were concerned. Till this moment I never knew myself.” + + From herself to Jane—from Jane to Bingley, her thoughts were in a + line which soon brought to her recollection that Mr. Darcy’s + explanation _there_ had appeared very insufficient, and she read + it again. Widely different was the effect of a second perusal. + How could she deny that credit to his assertions in one instance, + which she had been obliged to give in the other? He declared + himself to be totally unsuspicious of her sister’s attachment; + and she could not help remembering what Charlotte’s opinion had + always been. Neither could she deny the justice of his + description of Jane. She felt that Jane’s feelings, though + fervent, were little displayed, and that there was a constant + complacency in her air and manner not often united with great + sensibility. + + When she came to that part of the letter in which her family were + mentioned in terms of such mortifying, yet merited reproach, her + sense of shame was severe. The justice of the charge struck her + too forcibly for denial, and the circumstances to which he + particularly alluded as having passed at the Netherfield ball, + and as confirming all his first disapprobation, could not have + made a stronger impression on his mind than on hers. + + The compliment to herself and her sister was not unfelt. It + soothed, but it could not console her for the contempt which had + thus been self-attracted by the rest of her family; and as she + considered that Jane’s disappointment had in fact been the work + of her nearest relations, and reflected how materially the credit + of both must be hurt by such impropriety of conduct, she felt + depressed beyond anything she had ever known before. + + After wandering along the lane for two hours, giving way to every + variety of thought—re-considering events, determining + probabilities, and reconciling herself, as well as she could, to + a change so sudden and so important, fatigue, and a recollection + of her long absence, made her at length return home; and she + entered the house with the wish of appearing cheerful as usual, + and the resolution of repressing such reflections as must make + her unfit for conversation. + + She was immediately told that the two gentlemen from Rosings had + each called during her absence; Mr. Darcy, only for a few + minutes, to take leave—but that Colonel Fitzwilliam had been + sitting with them at least an hour, hoping for her return, and + almost resolving to walk after her till she could be found. + Elizabeth could but just _affect_ concern in missing him; she + really rejoiced at it. Colonel Fitzwilliam was no longer an + object; she could think only of her letter. + + + + + Chapter 37 + + The two gentlemen left Rosings the next morning, and Mr. Collins + having been in waiting near the lodges, to make them his parting + obeisance, was able to bring home the pleasing intelligence, of + their appearing in very good health, and in as tolerable spirits + as could be expected, after the melancholy scene so lately gone + through at Rosings. To Rosings he then hastened, to console Lady + Catherine and her daughter; and on his return brought back, with + great satisfaction, a message from her ladyship, importing that + she felt herself so dull as to make her very desirous of having + them all to dine with her. + + Elizabeth could not see Lady Catherine without recollecting that, + had she chosen it, she might by this time have been presented to + her as her future niece; nor could she think, without a smile, of + what her ladyship’s indignation would have been. “What would she + have said? how would she have behaved?” were questions with which + she amused herself. + + Their first subject was the diminution of the Rosings party. “I + assure you, I feel it exceedingly,” said Lady Catherine; “I + believe no one feels the loss of friends so much as I do. But I + am particularly attached to these young men, and know them to be + so much attached to me! They were excessively sorry to go! But so + they always are. The dear Colonel rallied his spirits tolerably + till just at last; but Darcy seemed to feel it most acutely, + more, I think, than last year. His attachment to Rosings + certainly increases.” + + Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, + which were kindly smiled on by the mother and daughter. + + Lady Catherine observed, after dinner, that Miss Bennet seemed + out of spirits, and immediately accounting for it by herself, by + supposing that she did not like to go home again so soon, she + added: + + “But if that is the case, you must write to your mother and beg + that you may stay a little longer. Mrs. Collins will be very glad + of your company, I am sure.” + + “I am much obliged to your ladyship for your kind invitation,” + replied Elizabeth, “but it is not in my power to accept it. I + must be in town next Saturday.” + + “Why, at that rate, you will have been here only six weeks. I + expected you to stay two months. I told Mrs. Collins so before + you came. There can be no occasion for your going so soon. Mrs. + Bennet could certainly spare you for another fortnight.” + + “But my father cannot. He wrote last week to hurry my return.” + + “Oh! your father of course may spare you, if your mother can. + Daughters are never of so much consequence to a father. And if + you will stay another _month_ complete, it will be in my power to + take one of you as far as London, for I am going there early in + June, for a week; and as Dawson does not object to the + barouche-box, there will be very good room for one of you—and + indeed, if the weather should happen to be cool, I should not + object to taking you both, as you are neither of you large.” + + “You are all kindness, madam; but I believe we must abide by our + original plan.” + + Lady Catherine seemed resigned. “Mrs. Collins, you must send a + servant with them. You know I always speak my mind, and I cannot + bear the idea of two young women travelling post by themselves. + It is highly improper. You must contrive to send somebody. I have + the greatest dislike in the world to that sort of thing. Young + women should always be properly guarded and attended, according + to their situation in life. When my niece Georgiana went to + Ramsgate last summer, I made a point of her having two + men-servants go with her. Miss Darcy, the daughter of Mr. Darcy, + of Pemberley, and Lady Anne, could not have appeared with + propriety in a different manner. I am excessively attentive to + all those things. You must send John with the young ladies, Mrs. + Collins. I am glad it occurred to me to mention it; for it would + really be discreditable to _you_ to let them go alone.” + + “My uncle is to send a servant for us.” + + “Oh! Your uncle! He keeps a man-servant, does he? I am very glad + you have somebody who thinks of these things. Where shall you + change horses? Oh! Bromley, of course. If you mention my name at + the Bell, you will be attended to.” + + Lady Catherine had many other questions to ask respecting their + journey, and as she did not answer them all herself, attention + was necessary, which Elizabeth believed to be lucky for her; or, + with a mind so occupied, she might have forgotten where she was. + Reflection must be reserved for solitary hours; whenever she was + alone, she gave way to it as the greatest relief; and not a day + went by without a solitary walk, in which she might indulge in + all the delight of unpleasant recollections. + + Mr. Darcy’s letter she was in a fair way of soon knowing by + heart. She studied every sentence; and her feelings towards its + writer were at times widely different. When she remembered the + style of his address, she was still full of indignation; but when + she considered how unjustly she had condemned and upbraided him, + her anger was turned against herself; and his disappointed + feelings became the object of compassion. His attachment excited + gratitude, his general character respect; but she could not + approve him; nor could she for a moment repent her refusal, or + feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again. In her own + past behaviour, there was a constant source of vexation and + regret; and in the unhappy defects of her family, a subject of + yet heavier chagrin. They were hopeless of remedy. Her father, + contented with laughing at them, would never exert himself to + restrain the wild giddiness of his youngest daughters; and her + mother, with manners so far from right herself, was entirely + insensible of the evil. Elizabeth had frequently united with Jane + in an endeavour to check the imprudence of Catherine and Lydia; + but while they were supported by their mother’s indulgence, what + chance could there be of improvement? Catherine, weak-spirited, + irritable, and completely under Lydia’s guidance, had been always + affronted by their advice; and Lydia, self-willed and careless, + would scarcely give them a hearing. They were ignorant, idle, and + vain. While there was an officer in Meryton, they would flirt + with him; and while Meryton was within a walk of Longbourn, they + would be going there forever. + + Anxiety on Jane’s behalf was another prevailing concern; and Mr. + Darcy’s explanation, by restoring Bingley to all her former good + opinion, heightened the sense of what Jane had lost. His + affection was proved to have been sincere, and his conduct + cleared of all blame, unless any could attach to the implicitness + of his confidence in his friend. How grievous then was the + thought that, of a situation so desirable in every respect, so + replete with advantage, so promising for happiness, Jane had been + deprived, by the folly and indecorum of her own family! + + When to these recollections was added the development of + Wickham’s character, it may be easily believed that the happy + spirits which had seldom been depressed before, were now so much + affected as to make it almost impossible for her to appear + tolerably cheerful. + + Their engagements at Rosings were as frequent during the last + week of her stay as they had been at first. The very last evening + was spent there; and her ladyship again inquired minutely into + the particulars of their journey, gave them directions as to the + best method of packing, and was so urgent on the necessity of + placing gowns in the only right way, that Maria thought herself + obliged, on her return, to undo all the work of the morning, and + pack her trunk afresh. + + When they parted, Lady Catherine, with great condescension, + wished them a good journey, and invited them to come to Hunsford + again next year; and Miss de Bourgh exerted herself so far as to + curtsey and hold out her hand to both. + + + + + Chapter 38 + + On Saturday morning Elizabeth and Mr. Collins met for breakfast a + few minutes before the others appeared; and he took the + opportunity of paying the parting civilities which he deemed + indispensably necessary. + + “I know not, Miss Elizabeth,” said he, “whether Mrs. Collins has + yet expressed her sense of your kindness in coming to us; but I + am very certain you will not leave the house without receiving + her thanks for it. The favour of your company has been much felt, + I assure you. We know how little there is to tempt anyone to our + humble abode. Our plain manner of living, our small rooms and few + domestics, and the little we see of the world, must make Hunsford + extremely dull to a young lady like yourself; but I hope you will + believe us grateful for the condescension, and that we have done + everything in our power to prevent your spending your time + unpleasantly.” + + Elizabeth was eager with her thanks and assurances of happiness. + She had spent six weeks with great enjoyment; and the pleasure of + being with Charlotte, and the kind attentions she had received, + must make _her_ feel the obliged. Mr. Collins was gratified, and + with a more smiling solemnity replied: + + “It gives me great pleasure to hear that you have passed your + time not disagreeably. We have certainly done our best; and most + fortunately having it in our power to introduce you to very + superior society, and, from our connection with Rosings, the + frequent means of varying the humble home scene, I think we may + flatter ourselves that your Hunsford visit cannot have been + entirely irksome. Our situation with regard to Lady Catherine’s + family is indeed the sort of extraordinary advantage and blessing + which few can boast. You see on what a footing we are. You see + how continually we are engaged there. In truth I must acknowledge + that, with all the disadvantages of this humble parsonage, I + should not think anyone abiding in it an object of compassion, + while they are sharers of our intimacy at Rosings.” + + Words were insufficient for the elevation of his feelings; and he + was obliged to walk about the room, while Elizabeth tried to + unite civility and truth in a few short sentences. + + “You may, in fact, carry a very favourable report of us into + Hertfordshire, my dear cousin. I flatter myself at least that you + will be able to do so. Lady Catherine’s great attentions to Mrs. + Collins you have been a daily witness of; and altogether I trust + it does not appear that your friend has drawn an unfortunate—but + on this point it will be as well to be silent. Only let me assure + you, my dear Miss Elizabeth, that I can from my heart most + cordially wish you equal felicity in marriage. My dear Charlotte + and I have but one mind and one way of thinking. There is in + everything a most remarkable resemblance of character and ideas + between us. We seem to have been designed for each other.” + + Elizabeth could safely say that it was a great happiness where + that was the case, and with equal sincerity could add, that she + firmly believed and rejoiced in his domestic comforts. She was + not sorry, however, to have the recital of them interrupted by + the lady from whom they sprang. Poor Charlotte! it was melancholy + to leave her to such society! But she had chosen it with her eyes + open; and though evidently regretting that her visitors were to + go, she did not seem to ask for compassion. Her home and her + housekeeping, her parish and her poultry, and all their dependent + concerns, had not yet lost their charms. + + At length the chaise arrived, the trunks were fastened on, the + parcels placed within, and it was pronounced to be ready. After + an affectionate parting between the friends, Elizabeth was + attended to the carriage by Mr. Collins, and as they walked down + the garden he was commissioning her with his best respects to all + her family, not forgetting his thanks for the kindness he had + received at Longbourn in the winter, and his compliments to Mr. + and Mrs. Gardiner, though unknown. He then handed her in, Maria + followed, and the door was on the point of being closed, when he + suddenly reminded them, with some consternation, that they had + hitherto forgotten to leave any message for the ladies at + Rosings. + + “But,” he added, “you will of course wish to have your humble + respects delivered to them, with your grateful thanks for their + kindness to you while you have been here.” + + Elizabeth made no objection; the door was then allowed to be + shut, and the carriage drove off. + + “Good gracious!” cried Maria, after a few minutes’ silence, “it + seems but a day or two since we first came! and yet how many + things have happened!” + + “A great many indeed,” said her companion with a sigh. + + “We have dined nine times at Rosings, besides drinking tea there + twice! How much I shall have to tell!” + + Elizabeth added privately, “And how much I shall have to + conceal!” + + Their journey was performed without much conversation, or any + alarm; and within four hours of their leaving Hunsford they + reached Mr. Gardiner’s house, where they were to remain a few + days. + + Jane looked well, and Elizabeth had little opportunity of + studying her spirits, amidst the various engagements which the + kindness of her aunt had reserved for them. But Jane was to go + home with her, and at Longbourn there would be leisure enough for + observation. + + It was not without an effort, meanwhile, that she could wait even + for Longbourn, before she told her sister of Mr. Darcy’s + proposals. To know that she had the power of revealing what would + so exceedingly astonish Jane, and must, at the same time, so + highly gratify whatever of her own vanity she had not yet been + able to reason away, was such a temptation to openness as nothing + could have conquered but the state of indecision in which she + remained as to the extent of what she should communicate; and her + fear, if she once entered on the subject, of being hurried into + repeating something of Bingley which might only grieve her sister + further. + + + + + Chapter 39 + + It was the second week in May, in which the three young ladies + set out together from Gracechurch Street for the town of ——, in + Hertfordshire; and, as they drew near the appointed inn where Mr. + Bennet’s carriage was to meet them, they quickly perceived, in + token of the coachman’s punctuality, both Kitty and Lydia looking + out of a dining-room up stairs. These two girls had been above an + hour in the place, happily employed in visiting an opposite + milliner, watching the sentinel on guard, and dressing a salad + and cucumber. + + After welcoming their sisters, they triumphantly displayed a + table set out with such cold meat as an inn larder usually + affords, exclaiming, “Is not this nice? Is not this an agreeable + surprise?” + + “And we mean to treat you all,” added Lydia, “but you must lend + us the money, for we have just spent ours at the shop out there.” + Then, showing her purchases—“Look here, I have bought this + bonnet. I do not think it is very pretty; but I thought I might + as well buy it as not. I shall pull it to pieces as soon as I get + home, and see if I can make it up any better.” + + And when her sisters abused it as ugly, she added, with perfect + unconcern, “Oh! but there were two or three much uglier in the + shop; and when I have bought some prettier-coloured satin to trim + it with fresh, I think it will be very tolerable. Besides, it + will not much signify what one wears this summer, after the + ——shire have left Meryton, and they are going in a fortnight.” + + “Are they indeed!” cried Elizabeth, with the greatest + satisfaction. + + “They are going to be encamped near Brighton; and I do so want + papa to take us all there for the summer! It would be such a + delicious scheme; and I dare say would hardly cost anything at + all. Mamma would like to go too of all things! Only think what a + miserable summer else we shall have!” + + “Yes,” thought Elizabeth, “_that_ would be a delightful scheme + indeed, and completely do for us at once. Good Heaven! Brighton, + and a whole campful of soldiers, to us, who have been overset + already by one poor regiment of militia, and the monthly balls of + Meryton!” + + “Now I have got some news for you,” said Lydia, as they sat down + at table. “What do you think? It is excellent news—capital + news—and about a certain person we all like!” + + Jane and Elizabeth looked at each other, and the waiter was told + he need not stay. Lydia laughed, and said: + + “Aye, that is just like your formality and discretion. You + thought the waiter must not hear, as if he cared! I dare say he + often hears worse things said than I am going to say. But he is + an ugly fellow! I am glad he is gone. I never saw such a long + chin in my life. Well, but now for my news; it is about dear + Wickham; too good for the waiter, is it not? There is no danger + of Wickham’s marrying Mary King. There’s for you! She is gone + down to her uncle at Liverpool: gone to stay. Wickham is safe.” + + “And Mary King is safe!” added Elizabeth; “safe from a connection + imprudent as to fortune.” + + “She is a great fool for going away, if she liked him.” + + “But I hope there is no strong attachment on either side,” said + Jane. + + “I am sure there is not on _his_. I will answer for it, he never + cared three straws about her—who _could_ about such a nasty + little freckled thing?” + + Elizabeth was shocked to think that, however incapable of such + coarseness of _expression_ herself, the coarseness of the + _sentiment_ was little other than her own breast had harboured + and fancied liberal! + + As soon as all had ate, and the elder ones paid, the carriage was + ordered; and after some contrivance, the whole party, with all + their boxes, work-bags, and parcels, and the unwelcome addition + of Kitty’s and Lydia’s purchases, were seated in it. + + “How nicely we are all crammed in,” cried Lydia. “I am glad I + bought my bonnet, if it is only for the fun of having another + bandbox! Well, now let us be quite comfortable and snug, and talk + and laugh all the way home. And in the first place, let us hear + what has happened to you all since you went away. Have you seen + any pleasant men? Have you had any flirting? I was in great hopes + that one of you would have got a husband before you came back. + Jane will be quite an old maid soon, I declare. She is almost + three-and-twenty! Lord, how ashamed I should be of not being + married before three-and-twenty! My aunt Phillips wants you so to + get husbands, you can’t think. She says Lizzy had better have + taken Mr. Collins; but _I_ do not think there would have been any + fun in it. Lord! how I should like to be married before any of + you; and then I would _chaperon_ you about to all the balls. Dear + me! we had such a good piece of fun the other day at Colonel + Forster’s. Kitty and me were to spend the day there, and Mrs. + Forster promised to have a little dance in the evening; (by the + bye, Mrs. Forster and me are _such_ friends!) and so she asked + the two Harringtons to come, but Harriet was ill, and so Pen was + forced to come by herself; and then, what do you think we did? We + dressed up Chamberlayne in woman’s clothes on purpose to pass for + a lady, only think what fun! Not a soul knew of it, but Colonel + and Mrs. Forster, and Kitty and me, except my aunt, for we were + forced to borrow one of her gowns; and you cannot imagine how + well he looked! When Denny, and Wickham, and Pratt, and two or + three more of the men came in, they did not know him in the + least. Lord! how I laughed! and so did Mrs. Forster. I thought I + should have died. And _that_ made the men suspect something, and + then they soon found out what was the matter.” + + With such kinds of histories of their parties and good jokes, did + Lydia, assisted by Kitty’s hints and additions, endeavour to + amuse her companions all the way to Longbourn. Elizabeth listened + as little as she could, but there was no escaping the frequent + mention of Wickham’s name. + + Their reception at home was most kind. Mrs. Bennet rejoiced to + see Jane in undiminished beauty; and more than once during dinner + did Mr. Bennet say voluntarily to Elizabeth: + + “I am glad you are come back, Lizzy.” + + Their party in the dining-room was large, for almost all the + Lucases came to meet Maria and hear the news; and various were + the subjects that occupied them: Lady Lucas was inquiring of + Maria, after the welfare and poultry of her eldest daughter; Mrs. + Bennet was doubly engaged, on one hand collecting an account of + the present fashions from Jane, who sat some way below her, and, + on the other, retailing them all to the younger Lucases; and + Lydia, in a voice rather louder than any other person’s, was + enumerating the various pleasures of the morning to anybody who + would hear her. + + “Oh! Mary,” said she, “I wish you had gone with us, for we had + such fun! As we went along, Kitty and I drew up the blinds, and + pretended there was nobody in the coach; and I should have gone + so all the way, if Kitty had not been sick; and when we got to + the George, I do think we behaved very handsomely, for we treated + the other three with the nicest cold luncheon in the world, and + if you would have gone, we would have treated you too. And then + when we came away it was such fun! I thought we never should have + got into the coach. I was ready to die of laughter. And then we + were so merry all the way home! we talked and laughed so loud, + that anybody might have heard us ten miles off!” + + To this Mary very gravely replied, “Far be it from me, my dear + sister, to depreciate such pleasures! They would doubtless be + congenial with the generality of female minds. But I confess they + would have no charms for _me_—I should infinitely prefer a book.” + + But of this answer Lydia heard not a word. She seldom listened to + anybody for more than half a minute, and never attended to Mary + at all. + + In the afternoon Lydia was urgent with the rest of the girls to + walk to Meryton, and to see how everybody went on; but Elizabeth + steadily opposed the scheme. It should not be said that the Miss + Bennets could not be at home half a day before they were in + pursuit of the officers. There was another reason too for her + opposition. She dreaded seeing Mr. Wickham again, and was + resolved to avoid it as long as possible. The comfort to _her_ of + the regiment’s approaching removal was indeed beyond expression. + In a fortnight they were to go—and once gone, she hoped there + could be nothing more to plague her on his account. + + She had not been many hours at home before she found that the + Brighton scheme, of which Lydia had given them a hint at the inn, + was under frequent discussion between her parents. Elizabeth saw + directly that her father had not the smallest intention of + yielding; but his answers were at the same time so vague and + equivocal, that her mother, though often disheartened, had never + yet despaired of succeeding at last. + + + + + Chapter 40 + + Elizabeth’s impatience to acquaint Jane with what had happened + could no longer be overcome; and at length, resolving to suppress + every particular in which her sister was concerned, and preparing + her to be surprised, she related to her the next morning the + chief of the scene between Mr. Darcy and herself. + + Miss Bennet’s astonishment was soon lessened by the strong + sisterly partiality which made any admiration of Elizabeth appear + perfectly natural; and all surprise was shortly lost in other + feelings. She was sorry that Mr. Darcy should have delivered his + sentiments in a manner so little suited to recommend them; but + still more was she grieved for the unhappiness which her sister’s + refusal must have given him. + + “His being so sure of succeeding was wrong,” said she, “and + certainly ought not to have appeared; but consider how much it + must increase his disappointment!” + + “Indeed,” replied Elizabeth, “I am heartily sorry for him; but he + has other feelings, which will probably soon drive away his + regard for me. You do not blame me, however, for refusing him?” + + “Blame you! Oh, no.” + + “But you blame me for having spoken so warmly of Wickham?” + + “No—I do not know that you were wrong in saying what you did.” + + “But you _will_ know it, when I tell you what happened the very + next day.” + + She then spoke of the letter, repeating the whole of its contents + as far as they concerned George Wickham. What a stroke was this + for poor Jane! who would willingly have gone through the world + without believing that so much wickedness existed in the whole + race of mankind, as was here collected in one individual. Nor was + Darcy’s vindication, though grateful to her feelings, capable of + consoling her for such discovery. Most earnestly did she labour + to prove the probability of error, and seek to clear the one + without involving the other. + + “This will not do,” said Elizabeth; “you never will be able to + make both of them good for anything. Take your choice, but you + must be satisfied with only one. There is but such a quantity of + merit between them; just enough to make one good sort of man; and + of late it has been shifting about pretty much. For my part, I am + inclined to believe it all Darcy’s; but you shall do as you + choose.” + + It was some time, however, before a smile could be extorted from + Jane. + + “I do not know when I have been more shocked,” said she. “Wickham + so very bad! It is almost past belief. And poor Mr. Darcy! Dear + Lizzy, only consider what he must have suffered. Such a + disappointment! and with the knowledge of your ill opinion, too! + and having to relate such a thing of his sister! It is really too + distressing. I am sure you must feel it so.” + + “Oh! no, my regret and compassion are all done away by seeing you + so full of both. I know you will do him such ample justice, that + I am growing every moment more unconcerned and indifferent. Your + profusion makes me saving; and if you lament over him much + longer, my heart will be as light as a feather.” + + “Poor Wickham! there is such an expression of goodness in his + countenance! such an openness and gentleness in his manner!” + + “There certainly was some great mismanagement in the education of + those two young men. One has got all the goodness, and the other + all the appearance of it.” + + “I never thought Mr. Darcy so deficient in the _appearance_ of it + as you used to do.” + + “And yet I meant to be uncommonly clever in taking so decided a + dislike to him, without any reason. It is such a spur to one’s + genius, such an opening for wit, to have a dislike of that kind. + One may be continually abusive without saying anything just; but + one cannot always be laughing at a man without now and then + stumbling on something witty.” + + “Lizzy, when you first read that letter, I am sure you could not + treat the matter as you do now.” + + “Indeed, I could not. I was uncomfortable enough, I may say + unhappy. And with no one to speak to about what I felt, no Jane + to comfort me and say that I had not been so very weak and vain + and nonsensical as I knew I had! Oh! how I wanted you!” + + “How unfortunate that you should have used such very strong + expressions in speaking of Wickham to Mr. Darcy, for now they + _do_ appear wholly undeserved.” + + “Certainly. But the misfortune of speaking with bitterness is a + most natural consequence of the prejudices I had been + encouraging. There is one point on which I want your advice. I + want to be told whether I ought, or ought not, to make our + acquaintances in general understand Wickham’s character.” + + Miss Bennet paused a little, and then replied, “Surely there can + be no occasion for exposing him so dreadfully. What is your + opinion?” + + “That it ought not to be attempted. Mr. Darcy has not authorised + me to make his communication public. On the contrary, every + particular relative to his sister was meant to be kept as much as + possible to myself; and if I endeavour to undeceive people as to + the rest of his conduct, who will believe me? The general + prejudice against Mr. Darcy is so violent, that it would be the + death of half the good people in Meryton to attempt to place him + in an amiable light. I am not equal to it. Wickham will soon be + gone; and therefore it will not signify to anyone here what he + really is. Some time hence it will be all found out, and then we + may laugh at their stupidity in not knowing it before. At present + I will say nothing about it.” + + “You are quite right. To have his errors made public might ruin + him for ever. He is now, perhaps, sorry for what he has done, and + anxious to re-establish a character. We must not make him + desperate.” + + The tumult of Elizabeth’s mind was allayed by this conversation. + She had got rid of two of the secrets which had weighed on her + for a fortnight, and was certain of a willing listener in Jane, + whenever she might wish to talk again of either. But there was + still something lurking behind, of which prudence forbade the + disclosure. She dared not relate the other half of Mr. Darcy’s + letter, nor explain to her sister how sincerely she had been + valued by her friend. Here was knowledge in which no one could + partake; and she was sensible that nothing less than a perfect + understanding between the parties could justify her in throwing + off this last encumbrance of mystery. “And then,” said she, “if + that very improbable event should ever take place, I shall merely + be able to tell what Bingley may tell in a much more agreeable + manner himself. The liberty of communication cannot be mine till + it has lost all its value!” + + She was now, on being settled at home, at leisure to observe the + real state of her sister’s spirits. Jane was not happy. She still + cherished a very tender affection for Bingley. Having never even + fancied herself in love before, her regard had all the warmth of + first attachment, and, from her age and disposition, greater + steadiness than most first attachments often boast; and so + fervently did she value his remembrance, and prefer him to every + other man, that all her good sense, and all her attention to the + feelings of her friends, were requisite to check the indulgence + of those regrets which must have been injurious to her own health + and their tranquillity. + + “Well, Lizzy,” said Mrs. Bennet one day, “what is your opinion + _now_ of this sad business of Jane’s? For my part, I am + determined never to speak of it again to anybody. I told my + sister Phillips so the other day. But I cannot find out that Jane + saw anything of him in London. Well, he is a very undeserving + young man—and I do not suppose there’s the least chance in the + world of her ever getting him now. There is no talk of his coming + to Netherfield again in the summer; and I have inquired of + everybody, too, who is likely to know.” + + “I do not believe he will ever live at Netherfield any more.” + + “Oh well! it is just as he chooses. Nobody wants him to come. + Though I shall always say he used my daughter extremely ill; and + if I was her, I would not have put up with it. Well, my comfort + is, I am sure Jane will die of a broken heart; and then he will + be sorry for what he has done.” + + But as Elizabeth could not receive comfort from any such + expectation, she made no answer. + + “Well, Lizzy,” continued her mother, soon afterwards, “and so the + Collinses live very comfortable, do they? Well, well, I only hope + it will last. And what sort of table do they keep? Charlotte is + an excellent manager, I dare say. If she is half as sharp as her + mother, she is saving enough. There is nothing extravagant in + _their_ housekeeping, I dare say.” + + “No, nothing at all.” + + “A great deal of good management, depend upon it. Yes, yes. + _They_ will take care not to outrun their income. _They_ will + never be distressed for money. Well, much good may it do them! + And so, I suppose, they often talk of having Longbourn when your + father is dead. They look upon it as quite their own, I dare say, + whenever that happens.” + + “It was a subject which they could not mention before me.” + + “No; it would have been strange if they had; but I make no doubt + they often talk of it between themselves. Well, if they can be + easy with an estate that is not lawfully their own, so much the + better. _I_ should be ashamed of having one that was only + entailed on me.” + + + + + Chapter 41 + + The first week of their return was soon gone. The second began. + It was the last of the regiment’s stay in Meryton, and all the + young ladies in the neighbourhood were drooping apace. The + dejection was almost universal. The elder Miss Bennets alone were + still able to eat, drink, and sleep, and pursue the usual course + of their employments. Very frequently were they reproached for + this insensibility by Kitty and Lydia, whose own misery was + extreme, and who could not comprehend such hard-heartedness in + any of the family. + + “Good Heaven! what is to become of us? What are we to do?” would + they often exclaim in the bitterness of woe. “How can you be + smiling so, Lizzy?” + + Their affectionate mother shared all their grief; she remembered + what she had herself endured on a similar occasion, + five-and-twenty years ago. + + “I am sure,” said she, “I cried for two days together when + Colonel Miller’s regiment went away. I thought I should have + broken my heart.” + + “I am sure I shall break _mine_,” said Lydia. + + “If one could but go to Brighton!” observed Mrs. Bennet. + + “Oh, yes!—if one could but go to Brighton! But papa is so + disagreeable.” + + “A little sea-bathing would set me up forever.” + + “And my aunt Phillips is sure it would do _me_ a great deal of + good,” added Kitty. + + Such were the kind of lamentations resounding perpetually through + Longbourn House. Elizabeth tried to be diverted by them; but all + sense of pleasure was lost in shame. She felt anew the justice of + Mr. Darcy’s objections; and never had she been so much disposed + to pardon his interference in the views of his friend. + + But the gloom of Lydia’s prospect was shortly cleared away; for + she received an invitation from Mrs. Forster, the wife of the + colonel of the regiment, to accompany her to Brighton. This + invaluable friend was a very young woman, and very lately + married. A resemblance in good humour and good spirits had + recommended her and Lydia to each other, and out of their _three_ + months’ acquaintance they had been intimate _two_. + + The rapture of Lydia on this occasion, her adoration of Mrs. + Forster, the delight of Mrs. Bennet, and the mortification of + Kitty, are scarcely to be described. Wholly inattentive to her + sister’s feelings, Lydia flew about the house in restless + ecstasy, calling for everyone’s congratulations, and laughing and + talking with more violence than ever; whilst the luckless Kitty + continued in the parlour repined at her fate in terms as + unreasonable as her accent was peevish. + + “I cannot see why Mrs. Forster should not ask _me_ as well as + Lydia,” said she, “Though I am _not_ her particular friend. I + have just as much right to be asked as she has, and more too, for + I am two years older.” + + In vain did Elizabeth attempt to make her reasonable, and Jane to + make her resigned. As for Elizabeth herself, this invitation was + so far from exciting in her the same feelings as in her mother + and Lydia, that she considered it as the death warrant of all + possibility of common sense for the latter; and detestable as + such a step must make her were it known, she could not help + secretly advising her father not to let her go. She represented + to him all the improprieties of Lydia’s general behaviour, the + little advantage she could derive from the friendship of such a + woman as Mrs. Forster, and the probability of her being yet more + imprudent with such a companion at Brighton, where the + temptations must be greater than at home. He heard her + attentively, and then said: + + “Lydia will never be easy until she has exposed herself in some + public place or other, and we can never expect her to do it with + so little expense or inconvenience to her family as under the + present circumstances.” + + “If you were aware,” said Elizabeth, “of the very great + disadvantage to us all which must arise from the public notice of + Lydia’s unguarded and imprudent manner—nay, which has already + arisen from it, I am sure you would judge differently in the + affair.” + + “Already arisen?” repeated Mr. Bennet. “What, has she frightened + away some of your lovers? Poor little Lizzy! But do not be cast + down. Such squeamish youths as cannot bear to be connected with a + little absurdity are not worth a regret. Come, let me see the + list of pitiful fellows who have been kept aloof by Lydia’s + folly.” + + “Indeed you are mistaken. I have no such injuries to resent. It + is not of particular, but of general evils, which I am now + complaining. Our importance, our respectability in the world must + be affected by the wild volatility, the assurance and disdain of + all restraint which mark Lydia’s character. Excuse me, for I must + speak plainly. If you, my dear father, will not take the trouble + of checking her exuberant spirits, and of teaching her that her + present pursuits are not to be the business of her life, she will + soon be beyond the reach of amendment. Her character will be + fixed, and she will, at sixteen, be the most determined flirt + that ever made herself or her family ridiculous; a flirt, too, in + the worst and meanest degree of flirtation; without any + attraction beyond youth and a tolerable person; and, from the + ignorance and emptiness of her mind, wholly unable to ward off + any portion of that universal contempt which her rage for + admiration will excite. In this danger Kitty also is + comprehended. She will follow wherever Lydia leads. Vain, + ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled! Oh! my dear father, + can you suppose it possible that they will not be censured and + despised wherever they are known, and that their sisters will not + be often involved in the disgrace?” + + Mr. Bennet saw that her whole heart was in the subject, and + affectionately taking her hand said in reply: + + “Do not make yourself uneasy, my love. Wherever you and Jane are + known you must be respected and valued; and you will not appear + to less advantage for having a couple of—or I may say, three—very + silly sisters. We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does + not go to Brighton. Let her go, then. Colonel Forster is a + sensible man, and will keep her out of any real mischief; and she + is luckily too poor to be an object of prey to anybody. At + Brighton she will be of less importance even as a common flirt + than she has been here. The officers will find women better worth + their notice. Let us hope, therefore, that her being there may + teach her her own insignificance. At any rate, she cannot grow + many degrees worse, without authorising us to lock her up for the + rest of her life.” + + With this answer Elizabeth was forced to be content; but her own + opinion continued the same, and she left him disappointed and + sorry. It was not in her nature, however, to increase her + vexations by dwelling on them. She was confident of having + performed her duty, and to fret over unavoidable evils, or + augment them by anxiety, was no part of her disposition. + + Had Lydia and her mother known the substance of her conference + with her father, their indignation would hardly have found + expression in their united volubility. In Lydia’s imagination, a + visit to Brighton comprised every possibility of earthly + happiness. She saw, with the creative eye of fancy, the streets + of that gay bathing-place covered with officers. She saw herself + the object of attention, to tens and to scores of them at present + unknown. She saw all the glories of the camp—its tents stretched + forth in beauteous uniformity of lines, crowded with the young + and the gay, and dazzling with scarlet; and, to complete the + view, she saw herself seated beneath a tent, tenderly flirting + with at least six officers at once. + + Had she known her sister sought to tear her from such prospects + and such realities as these, what would have been her sensations? + They could have been understood only by her mother, who might + have felt nearly the same. Lydia’s going to Brighton was all that + consoled her for her melancholy conviction of her husband’s never + intending to go there himself. + + But they were entirely ignorant of what had passed; and their + raptures continued, with little intermission, to the very day of + Lydia’s leaving home. + + Elizabeth was now to see Mr. Wickham for the last time. Having + been frequently in company with him since her return, agitation + was pretty well over; the agitations of former partiality + entirely so. She had even learnt to detect, in the very + gentleness which had first delighted her, an affectation and a + sameness to disgust and weary. In his present behaviour to + herself, moreover, she had a fresh source of displeasure, for the + inclination he soon testified of renewing those intentions which + had marked the early part of their acquaintance could only serve, + after what had since passed, to provoke her. She lost all concern + for him in finding herself thus selected as the object of such + idle and frivolous gallantry; and while she steadily repressed + it, could not but feel the reproof contained in his believing, + that however long, and for whatever cause, his attentions had + been withdrawn, her vanity would be gratified, and her preference + secured at any time by their renewal. + + On the very last day of the regiment’s remaining at Meryton, he + dined, with other of the officers, at Longbourn; and so little + was Elizabeth disposed to part from him in good humour, that on + his making some inquiry as to the manner in which her time had + passed at Hunsford, she mentioned Colonel Fitzwilliam’s and Mr. + Darcy’s having both spent three weeks at Rosings, and asked him, + if he was acquainted with the former. + + He looked surprised, displeased, alarmed; but with a moment’s + recollection and a returning smile, replied, that he had formerly + seen him often; and, after observing that he was a very + gentlemanlike man, asked her how she had liked him. Her answer + was warmly in his favour. With an air of indifference he soon + afterwards added: + + “How long did you say he was at Rosings?” + + “Nearly three weeks.” + + “And you saw him frequently?” + + “Yes, almost every day.” + + “His manners are very different from his cousin’s.” + + “Yes, very different. But I think Mr. Darcy improves upon + acquaintance.” + + “Indeed!” cried Mr. Wickham with a look which did not escape her. + “And pray, may I ask?—” But checking himself, he added, in a + gayer tone, “Is it in address that he improves? Has he deigned to + add aught of civility to his ordinary style?—for I dare not + hope,” he continued in a lower and more serious tone, “that he is + improved in essentials.” + + “Oh, no!” said Elizabeth. “In essentials, I believe, he is very + much what he ever was.” + + While she spoke, Wickham looked as if scarcely knowing whether to + rejoice over her words, or to distrust their meaning. There was a + something in her countenance which made him listen with an + apprehensive and anxious attention, while she added: + + “When I said that he improved on acquaintance, I did not mean + that his mind or his manners were in a state of improvement, but + that, from knowing him better, his disposition was better + understood.” + + Wickham’s alarm now appeared in a heightened complexion and + agitated look; for a few minutes he was silent, till, shaking off + his embarrassment, he turned to her again, and said in the + gentlest of accents: + + “You, who so well know my feeling towards Mr. Darcy, will readily + comprehend how sincerely I must rejoice that he is wise enough to + assume even the _appearance_ of what is right. His pride, in that + direction, may be of service, if not to himself, to many others, + for it must only deter him from such foul misconduct as I have + suffered by. I only fear that the sort of cautiousness to which + you, I imagine, have been alluding, is merely adopted on his + visits to his aunt, of whose good opinion and judgement he stands + much in awe. His fear of her has always operated, I know, when + they were together; and a good deal is to be imputed to his wish + of forwarding the match with Miss de Bourgh, which I am certain + he has very much at heart.” + + Elizabeth could not repress a smile at this, but she answered + only by a slight inclination of the head. She saw that he wanted + to engage her on the old subject of his grievances, and she was + in no humour to indulge him. The rest of the evening passed with + the _appearance_, on his side, of usual cheerfulness, but with no + further attempt to distinguish Elizabeth; and they parted at last + with mutual civility, and possibly a mutual desire of never + meeting again. + + When the party broke up, Lydia returned with Mrs. Forster to + Meryton, from whence they were to set out early the next morning. + The separation between her and her family was rather noisy than + pathetic. Kitty was the only one who shed tears; but she did weep + from vexation and envy. Mrs. Bennet was diffuse in her good + wishes for the felicity of her daughter, and impressive in her + injunctions that she should not miss the opportunity of enjoying + herself as much as possible—advice which there was every reason + to believe would be well attended to; and in the clamorous + happiness of Lydia herself in bidding farewell, the more gentle + adieus of her sisters were uttered without being heard. + + + + + Chapter 42 + + Had Elizabeth’s opinion been all drawn from her own family, she + could not have formed a very pleasing opinion of conjugal + felicity or domestic comfort. Her father, captivated by youth and + beauty, and that appearance of good humour which youth and beauty + generally give, had married a woman whose weak understanding and + illiberal mind had very early in their marriage put an end to all + real affection for her. Respect, esteem, and confidence had + vanished for ever; and all his views of domestic happiness were + overthrown. But Mr. Bennet was not of a disposition to seek + comfort for the disappointment which his own imprudence had + brought on, in any of those pleasures which too often console the + unfortunate for their folly or their vice. He was fond of the + country and of books; and from these tastes had arisen his + principal enjoyments. To his wife he was very little otherwise + indebted, than as her ignorance and folly had contributed to his + amusement. This is not the sort of happiness which a man would in + general wish to owe to his wife; but where other powers of + entertainment are wanting, the true philosopher will derive + benefit from such as are given. + + Elizabeth, however, had never been blind to the impropriety of + her father’s behaviour as a husband. She had always seen it with + pain; but respecting his abilities, and grateful for his + affectionate treatment of herself, she endeavoured to forget what + she could not overlook, and to banish from her thoughts that + continual breach of conjugal obligation and decorum which, in + exposing his wife to the contempt of her own children, was so + highly reprehensible. But she had never felt so strongly as now + the disadvantages which must attend the children of so unsuitable + a marriage, nor ever been so fully aware of the evils arising + from so ill-judged a direction of talents; talents, which, + rightly used, might at least have preserved the respectability of + his daughters, even if incapable of enlarging the mind of his + wife. + + When Elizabeth had rejoiced over Wickham’s departure she found + little other cause for satisfaction in the loss of the regiment. + Their parties abroad were less varied than before, and at home + she had a mother and sister whose constant repinings at the + dullness of everything around them threw a real gloom over their + domestic circle; and, though Kitty might in time regain her + natural degree of sense, since the disturbers of her brain were + removed, her other sister, from whose disposition greater evil + might be apprehended, was likely to be hardened in all her folly + and assurance by a situation of such double danger as a + watering-place and a camp. Upon the whole, therefore, she found, + what has been sometimes found before, that an event to which she + had been looking with impatient desire did not, in taking place, + bring all the satisfaction she had promised herself. It was + consequently necessary to name some other period for the + commencement of actual felicity—to have some other point on which + her wishes and hopes might be fixed, and by again enjoying the + pleasure of anticipation, console herself for the present, and + prepare for another disappointment. Her tour to the Lakes was now + the object of her happiest thoughts; it was her best consolation + for all the uncomfortable hours which the discontentedness of her + mother and Kitty made inevitable; and could she have included + Jane in the scheme, every part of it would have been perfect. + + “But it is fortunate,” thought she, “that I have something to + wish for. Were the whole arrangement complete, my disappointment + would be certain. But here, by carrying with me one ceaseless + source of regret in my sister’s absence, I may reasonably hope to + have all my expectations of pleasure realised. A scheme of which + every part promises delight can never be successful; and general + disappointment is only warded off by the defence of some little + peculiar vexation.” + + When Lydia went away she promised to write very often and very + minutely to her mother and Kitty; but her letters were always + long expected, and always very short. Those to her mother + contained little else than that they were just returned from the + library, where such and such officers had attended them, and + where she had seen such beautiful ornaments as made her quite + wild; that she had a new gown, or a new parasol, which she would + have described more fully, but was obliged to leave off in a + violent hurry, as Mrs. Forster called her, and they were going + off to the camp; and from her correspondence with her sister, + there was still less to be learnt—for her letters to Kitty, + though rather longer, were much too full of lines under the words + to be made public. + + After the first fortnight or three weeks of her absence, health, + good humour, and cheerfulness began to reappear at Longbourn. + Everything wore a happier aspect. The families who had been in + town for the winter came back again, and summer finery and summer + engagements arose. Mrs. Bennet was restored to her usual + querulous serenity; and, by the middle of June, Kitty was so much + recovered as to be able to enter Meryton without tears; an event + of such happy promise as to make Elizabeth hope that by the + following Christmas she might be so tolerably reasonable as not + to mention an officer above once a day, unless, by some cruel and + malicious arrangement at the War Office, another regiment should + be quartered in Meryton. + + The time fixed for the beginning of their northern tour was now + fast approaching, and a fortnight only was wanting of it, when a + letter arrived from Mrs. Gardiner, which at once delayed its + commencement and curtailed its extent. Mr. Gardiner would be + prevented by business from setting out till a fortnight later in + July, and must be in London again within a month, and as that + left too short a period for them to go so far, and see so much as + they had proposed, or at least to see it with the leisure and + comfort they had built on, they were obliged to give up the + Lakes, and substitute a more contracted tour, and, according to + the present plan, were to go no farther northwards than + Derbyshire. In that county there was enough to be seen to occupy + the chief of their three weeks; and to Mrs. Gardiner it had a + peculiarly strong attraction. The town where she had formerly + passed some years of her life, and where they were now to spend a + few days, was probably as great an object of her curiosity as all + the celebrated beauties of Matlock, Chatsworth, Dovedale, or the + Peak. + + Elizabeth was excessively disappointed; she had set her heart on + seeing the Lakes, and still thought there might have been time + enough. But it was her business to be satisfied—and certainly her + temper to be happy; and all was soon right again. + + With the mention of Derbyshire there were many ideas connected. + It was impossible for her to see the word without thinking of + Pemberley and its owner. “But surely,” said she, “I may enter his + county with impunity, and rob it of a few petrified spars without + his perceiving me.” + + The period of expectation was now doubled. Four weeks were to + pass away before her uncle and aunt’s arrival. But they did pass + away, and Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, with their four children, did at + length appear at Longbourn. The children, two girls of six and + eight years old, and two younger boys, were to be left under the + particular care of their cousin Jane, who was the general + favourite, and whose steady sense and sweetness of temper exactly + adapted her for attending to them in every way—teaching them, + playing with them, and loving them. + + The Gardiners stayed only one night at Longbourn, and set off the + next morning with Elizabeth in pursuit of novelty and amusement. + One enjoyment was certain—that of suitableness of companions; a + suitableness which comprehended health and temper to bear + inconveniences—cheerfulness to enhance every pleasure—and + affection and intelligence, which might supply it among + themselves if there were disappointments abroad. + + It is not the object of this work to give a description of + Derbyshire, nor of any of the remarkable places through which + their route thither lay; Oxford, Blenheim, Warwick, Kenilworth, + Birmingham, etc. are sufficiently known. A small part of + Derbyshire is all the present concern. To the little town of + Lambton, the scene of Mrs. Gardiner’s former residence, and where + she had lately learned some acquaintance still remained, they + bent their steps, after having seen all the principal wonders of + the country; and within five miles of Lambton, Elizabeth found + from her aunt that Pemberley was situated. It was not in their + direct road, nor more than a mile or two out of it. In talking + over their route the evening before, Mrs. Gardiner expressed an + inclination to see the place again. Mr. Gardiner declared his + willingness, and Elizabeth was applied to for her approbation. + + “My love, should not you like to see a place of which you have + heard so much?” said her aunt; “a place, too, with which so many + of your acquaintances are connected. Wickham passed all his youth + there, you know.” + + Elizabeth was distressed. She felt that she had no business at + Pemberley, and was obliged to assume a disinclination for seeing + it. She must own that she was tired of seeing great houses; after + going over so many, she really had no pleasure in fine carpets or + satin curtains. + + Mrs. Gardiner abused her stupidity. “If it were merely a fine + house richly furnished,” said she, “I should not care about it + myself; but the grounds are delightful. They have some of the + finest woods in the country.” + + Elizabeth said no more—but her mind could not acquiesce. The + possibility of meeting Mr. Darcy, while viewing the place, + instantly occurred. It would be dreadful! She blushed at the very + idea, and thought it would be better to speak openly to her aunt + than to run such a risk. But against this there were objections; + and she finally resolved that it could be the last resource, if + her private inquiries to the absence of the family were + unfavourably answered. + + Accordingly, when she retired at night, she asked the chambermaid + whether Pemberley were not a very fine place? what was the name + of its proprietor? and, with no little alarm, whether the family + were down for the summer? A most welcome negative followed the + last question—and her alarms now being removed, she was at + leisure to feel a great deal of curiosity to see the house + herself; and when the subject was revived the next morning, and + she was again applied to, could readily answer, and with a proper + air of indifference, that she had not really any dislike to the + scheme. To Pemberley, therefore, they were to go. + + + + + Chapter 43 + + Elizabeth, as they drove along, watched for the first appearance + of Pemberley Woods with some perturbation; and when at length + they turned in at the lodge, her spirits were in a high flutter. + + The park was very large, and contained great variety of ground. + They entered it in one of its lowest points, and drove for some + time through a beautiful wood stretching over a wide extent. + + Elizabeth’s mind was too full for conversation, but she saw and + admired every remarkable spot and point of view. They gradually + ascended for half-a-mile, and then found themselves at the top of + a considerable eminence, where the wood ceased, and the eye was + instantly caught by Pemberley House, situated on the opposite + side of a valley, into which the road with some abruptness wound. + It was a large, handsome stone building, standing well on rising + ground, and backed by a ridge of high woody hills; and in front, + a stream of some natural importance was swelled into greater, but + without any artificial appearance. Its banks were neither formal + nor falsely adorned. Elizabeth was delighted. She had never seen + a place for which nature had done more, or where natural beauty + had been so little counteracted by an awkward taste. They were + all of them warm in their admiration; and at that moment she felt + that to be mistress of Pemberley might be something! + + They descended the hill, crossed the bridge, and drove to the + door; and, while examining the nearer aspect of the house, all + her apprehension of meeting its owner returned. She dreaded lest + the chambermaid had been mistaken. On applying to see the place, + they were admitted into the hall; and Elizabeth, as they waited + for the housekeeper, had leisure to wonder at her being where she + was. + + The housekeeper came; a respectable-looking elderly woman, much + less fine, and more civil, than she had any notion of finding + her. They followed her into the dining-parlour. It was a large, + well proportioned room, handsomely fitted up. Elizabeth, after + slightly surveying it, went to a window to enjoy its prospect. + The hill, crowned with wood, which they had descended, receiving + increased abruptness from the distance, was a beautiful object. + Every disposition of the ground was good; and she looked on the + whole scene, the river, the trees scattered on its banks and the + winding of the valley, as far as she could trace it, with + delight. As they passed into other rooms these objects were + taking different positions; but from every window there were + beauties to be seen. The rooms were lofty and handsome, and their + furniture suitable to the fortune of its proprietor; but + Elizabeth saw, with admiration of his taste, that it was neither + gaudy nor uselessly fine; with less of splendour, and more real + elegance, than the furniture of Rosings. + + “And of this place,” thought she, “I might have been mistress! + With these rooms I might now have been familiarly acquainted! + Instead of viewing them as a stranger, I might have rejoiced in + them as my own, and welcomed to them as visitors my uncle and + aunt. But no,”—recollecting herself—“that could never be; my + uncle and aunt would have been lost to me; I should not have been + allowed to invite them.” + + This was a lucky recollection—it saved her from something very + like regret. + + She longed to inquire of the housekeeper whether her master was + really absent, but had not the courage for it. At length however, + the question was asked by her uncle; and she turned away with + alarm, while Mrs. Reynolds replied that he was, adding, “But we + expect him to-morrow, with a large party of friends.” How + rejoiced was Elizabeth that their own journey had not by any + circumstance been delayed a day! + + Her aunt now called her to look at a picture. She approached and + saw the likeness of Mr. Wickham, suspended, amongst several other + miniatures, over the mantelpiece. Her aunt asked her, smilingly, + how she liked it. The housekeeper came forward, and told them it + was a picture of a young gentleman, the son of her late master’s + steward, who had been brought up by him at his own expense. “He + is now gone into the army,” she added; “but I am afraid he has + turned out very wild.” + + Mrs. Gardiner looked at her niece with a smile, but Elizabeth + could not return it. + + “And that,” said Mrs. Reynolds, pointing to another of the + miniatures, “is my master—and very like him. It was drawn at the + same time as the other—about eight years ago.” + + “I have heard much of your master’s fine person,” said Mrs. + Gardiner, looking at the picture; “it is a handsome face. But, + Lizzy, you can tell us whether it is like or not.” + + Mrs. Reynolds respect for Elizabeth seemed to increase on this + intimation of her knowing her master. + + “Does that young lady know Mr. Darcy?” + + Elizabeth coloured, and said: “A little.” + + “And do not you think him a very handsome gentleman, ma’am?” + + “Yes, very handsome.” + + “I am sure _I_ know none so handsome; but in the gallery up + stairs you will see a finer, larger picture of him than this. + This room was my late master’s favourite room, and these + miniatures are just as they used to be then. He was very fond of + them.” + + This accounted to Elizabeth for Mr. Wickham’s being among them. + + Mrs. Reynolds then directed their attention to one of Miss Darcy, + drawn when she was only eight years old. + + “And is Miss Darcy as handsome as her brother?” said Mrs. + Gardiner. + + “Oh! yes—the handsomest young lady that ever was seen; and so + accomplished!—She plays and sings all day long. In the next room + is a new instrument just come down for her—a present from my + master; she comes here to-morrow with him.” + + Mr. Gardiner, whose manners were very easy and pleasant, + encouraged her communicativeness by his questions and remarks; + Mrs. Reynolds, either by pride or attachment, had evidently great + pleasure in talking of her master and his sister. + + “Is your master much at Pemberley in the course of the year?” + + “Not so much as I could wish, sir; but I dare say he may spend + half his time here; and Miss Darcy is always down for the summer + months.” + + “Except,” thought Elizabeth, “when she goes to Ramsgate.” + + “If your master would marry, you might see more of him.” + + “Yes, sir; but I do not know when _that_ will be. I do not know + who is good enough for him.” + + Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner smiled. Elizabeth could not help saying, + “It is very much to his credit, I am sure, that you should think + so.” + + “I say no more than the truth, and everybody will say that knows + him,” replied the other. Elizabeth thought this was going pretty + far; and she listened with increasing astonishment as the + housekeeper added, “I have never known a cross word from him in + my life, and I have known him ever since he was four years old.” + + This was praise, of all others most extraordinary, most opposite + to her ideas. That he was not a good-tempered man had been her + firmest opinion. Her keenest attention was awakened; she longed + to hear more, and was grateful to her uncle for saying: + + “There are very few people of whom so much can be said. You are + lucky in having such a master.” + + “Yes, sir, I know I am. If I were to go through the world, I + could not meet with a better. But I have always observed, that + they who are good-natured when children, are good-natured when + they grow up; and he was always the sweetest-tempered, most + generous-hearted boy in the world.” + + Elizabeth almost stared at her. “Can this be Mr. Darcy?” thought + she. + + “His father was an excellent man,” said Mrs. Gardiner. + + “Yes, ma’am, that he was indeed; and his son will be just like + him—just as affable to the poor.” + + Elizabeth listened, wondered, doubted, and was impatient for + more. Mrs. Reynolds could interest her on no other point. She + related the subjects of the pictures, the dimensions of the + rooms, and the price of the furniture, in vain. Mr. Gardiner, + highly amused by the kind of family prejudice to which he + attributed her excessive commendation of her master, soon led + again to the subject; and she dwelt with energy on his many + merits as they proceeded together up the great staircase. + + “He is the best landlord, and the best master,” said she, “that + ever lived; not like the wild young men nowadays, who think of + nothing but themselves. There is not one of his tenants or + servants but will give him a good name. Some people call him + proud; but I am sure I never saw anything of it. To my fancy, it + is only because he does not rattle away like other young men.” + + “In what an amiable light does this place him!” thought + Elizabeth. + + “This fine account of him,” whispered her aunt as they walked, + “is not quite consistent with his behaviour to our poor friend.” + + “Perhaps we might be deceived.” + + “That is not very likely; our authority was too good.” + + On reaching the spacious lobby above they were shown into a very + pretty sitting-room, lately fitted up with greater elegance and + lightness than the apartments below; and were informed that it + was but just done to give pleasure to Miss Darcy, who had taken a + liking to the room when last at Pemberley. + + “He is certainly a good brother,” said Elizabeth, as she walked + towards one of the windows. + + Mrs. Reynolds anticipated Miss Darcy’s delight, when she should + enter the room. “And this is always the way with him,” she added. + “Whatever can give his sister any pleasure is sure to be done in + a moment. There is nothing he would not do for her.” + + The picture-gallery, and two or three of the principal bedrooms, + were all that remained to be shown. In the former were many good + paintings; but Elizabeth knew nothing of the art; and from such + as had been already visible below, she had willingly turned to + look at some drawings of Miss Darcy’s, in crayons, whose subjects + were usually more interesting, and also more intelligible. + + In the gallery there were many family portraits, but they could + have little to fix the attention of a stranger. Elizabeth walked + in quest of the only face whose features would be known to her. + At last it arrested her—and she beheld a striking resemblance to + Mr. Darcy, with such a smile over the face as she remembered to + have sometimes seen when he looked at her. She stood several + minutes before the picture, in earnest contemplation, and + returned to it again before they quitted the gallery. Mrs. + Reynolds informed them that it had been taken in his father’s + lifetime. + + There was certainly at this moment, in Elizabeth’s mind, a more + gentle sensation towards the original than she had ever felt at + the height of their acquaintance. The commendation bestowed on + him by Mrs. Reynolds was of no trifling nature. What praise is + more valuable than the praise of an intelligent servant? As a + brother, a landlord, a master, she considered how many people’s + happiness were in his guardianship!—how much of pleasure or pain + was it in his power to bestow!—how much of good or evil must be + done by him! Every idea that had been brought forward by the + housekeeper was favourable to his character, and as she stood + before the canvas on which he was represented, and fixed his eyes + upon herself, she thought of his regard with a deeper sentiment + of gratitude than it had ever raised before; she remembered its + warmth, and softened its impropriety of expression. + + When all of the house that was open to general inspection had + been seen, they returned downstairs, and, taking leave of the + housekeeper, were consigned over to the gardener, who met them at + the hall-door. + + As they walked across the hall towards the river, Elizabeth + turned back to look again; her uncle and aunt stopped also, and + while the former was conjecturing as to the date of the building, + the owner of it himself suddenly came forward from the road, + which led behind it to the stables. + + They were within twenty yards of each other, and so abrupt was + his appearance, that it was impossible to avoid his sight. Their + eyes instantly met, and the cheeks of both were overspread with + the deepest blush. He absolutely started, and for a moment seemed + immovable from surprise; but shortly recovering himself, advanced + towards the party, and spoke to Elizabeth, if not in terms of + perfect composure, at least of perfect civility. + + She had instinctively turned away; but stopping on his approach, + received his compliments with an embarrassment impossible to be + overcome. Had his first appearance, or his resemblance to the + picture they had just been examining, been insufficient to assure + the other two that they now saw Mr. Darcy, the gardener’s + expression of surprise, on beholding his master, must immediately + have told it. They stood a little aloof while he was talking to + their niece, who, astonished and confused, scarcely dared lift + her eyes to his face, and knew not what answer she returned to + his civil inquiries after her family. Amazed at the alteration of + his manner since they last parted, every sentence that he uttered + was increasing her embarrassment; and every idea of the + impropriety of her being found there recurring to her mind, the + few minutes in which they continued were some of the most + uncomfortable in her life. Nor did he seem much more at ease; + when he spoke, his accent had none of its usual sedateness; and + he repeated his inquiries as to the time of her having left + Longbourn, and of her having stayed in Derbyshire, so often, and + in so hurried a way, as plainly spoke the distraction of his + thoughts. + + At length every idea seemed to fail him; and, after standing a + few moments without saying a word, he suddenly recollected + himself, and took leave. + + The others then joined her, and expressed admiration of his + figure; but Elizabeth heard not a word, and wholly engrossed by + her own feelings, followed them in silence. She was overpowered + by shame and vexation. Her coming there was the most unfortunate, + the most ill-judged thing in the world! How strange it must + appear to him! In what a disgraceful light might it not strike so + vain a man! It might seem as if she had purposely thrown herself + in his way again! Oh! why did she come? Or, why did he thus come + a day before he was expected? Had they been only ten minutes + sooner, they should have been beyond the reach of his + discrimination; for it was plain that he was that moment + arrived—that moment alighted from his horse or his carriage. She + blushed again and again over the perverseness of the meeting. And + his behaviour, so strikingly altered—what could it mean? That he + should even speak to her was amazing!—but to speak with such + civility, to inquire after her family! Never in her life had she + seen his manners so little dignified, never had he spoken with + such gentleness as on this unexpected meeting. What a contrast + did it offer to his last address in Rosings Park, when he put his + letter into her hand! She knew not what to think, or how to + account for it. + + They had now entered a beautiful walk by the side of the water, + and every step was bringing forward a nobler fall of ground, or a + finer reach of the woods to which they were approaching; but it + was some time before Elizabeth was sensible of any of it; and, + though she answered mechanically to the repeated appeals of her + uncle and aunt, and seemed to direct her eyes to such objects as + they pointed out, she distinguished no part of the scene. Her + thoughts were all fixed on that one spot of Pemberley House, + whichever it might be, where Mr. Darcy then was. She longed to + know what at the moment was passing in his mind—in what manner he + thought of her, and whether, in defiance of everything, she was + still dear to him. Perhaps he had been civil only because he felt + himself at ease; yet there had been _that_ in his voice which was + not like ease. Whether he had felt more of pain or of pleasure in + seeing her she could not tell, but he certainly had not seen her + with composure. + + At length, however, the remarks of her companions on her absence + of mind aroused her, and she felt the necessity of appearing more + like herself. + + They entered the woods, and bidding adieu to the river for a + while, ascended some of the higher grounds; when, in spots where + the opening of the trees gave the eye power to wander, were many + charming views of the valley, the opposite hills, with the long + range of woods overspreading many, and occasionally part of the + stream. Mr. Gardiner expressed a wish of going round the whole + park, but feared it might be beyond a walk. With a triumphant + smile they were told that it was ten miles round. It settled the + matter; and they pursued the accustomed circuit; which brought + them again, after some time, in a descent among hanging woods, to + the edge of the water, and one of its narrowest parts. They + crossed it by a simple bridge, in character with the general air + of the scene; it was a spot less adorned than any they had yet + visited; and the valley, here contracted into a glen, allowed + room only for the stream, and a narrow walk amidst the rough + coppice-wood which bordered it. Elizabeth longed to explore its + windings; but when they had crossed the bridge, and perceived + their distance from the house, Mrs. Gardiner, who was not a great + walker, could go no farther, and thought only of returning to the + carriage as quickly as possible. Her niece was, therefore, + obliged to submit, and they took their way towards the house on + the opposite side of the river, in the nearest direction; but + their progress was slow, for Mr. Gardiner, though seldom able to + indulge the taste, was very fond of fishing, and was so much + engaged in watching the occasional appearance of some trout in + the water, and talking to the man about them, that he advanced + but little. Whilst wandering on in this slow manner, they were + again surprised, and Elizabeth’s astonishment was quite equal to + what it had been at first, by the sight of Mr. Darcy approaching + them, and at no great distance. The walk here being here less + sheltered than on the other side, allowed them to see him before + they met. Elizabeth, however astonished, was at least more + prepared for an interview than before, and resolved to appear and + to speak with calmness, if he really intended to meet them. For a + few moments, indeed, she felt that he would probably strike into + some other path. The idea lasted while a turning in the walk + concealed him from their view; the turning past, he was + immediately before them. With a glance, she saw that he had lost + none of his recent civility; and, to imitate his politeness, she + began, as they met, to admire the beauty of the place; but she + had not got beyond the words “delightful,” and “charming,” when + some unlucky recollections obtruded, and she fancied that praise + of Pemberley from her might be mischievously construed. Her + colour changed, and she said no more. + + Mrs. Gardiner was standing a little behind; and on her pausing, + he asked her if she would do him the honour of introducing him to + her friends. This was a stroke of civility for which she was + quite unprepared; and she could hardly suppress a smile at his + being now seeking the acquaintance of some of those very people + against whom his pride had revolted in his offer to herself. + “What will be his surprise,” thought she, “when he knows who they + are? He takes them now for people of fashion.” + + The introduction, however, was immediately made; and as she named + their relationship to herself, she stole a sly look at him, to + see how he bore it, and was not without the expectation of his + decamping as fast as he could from such disgraceful companions. + That he was _surprised_ by the connection was evident; he + sustained it, however, with fortitude, and so far from going + away, turned back with them, and entered into conversation with + Mr. Gardiner. Elizabeth could not but be pleased, could not but + triumph. It was consoling that he should know she had some + relations for whom there was no need to blush. She listened most + attentively to all that passed between them, and gloried in every + expression, every sentence of her uncle, which marked his + intelligence, his taste, or his good manners. + + The conversation soon turned upon fishing; and she heard Mr. + Darcy invite him, with the greatest civility, to fish there as + often as he chose while he continued in the neighbourhood, + offering at the same time to supply him with fishing tackle, and + pointing out those parts of the stream where there was usually + most sport. Mrs. Gardiner, who was walking arm-in-arm with + Elizabeth, gave her a look expressive of wonder. Elizabeth said + nothing, but it gratified her exceedingly; the compliment must be + all for herself. Her astonishment, however, was extreme, and + continually was she repeating, “Why is he so altered? From what + can it proceed? It cannot be for _me_—it cannot be for _my_ sake + that his manners are thus softened. My reproofs at Hunsford could + not work such a change as this. It is impossible that he should + still love me.” + + After walking some time in this way, the two ladies in front, the + two gentlemen behind, on resuming their places, after descending + to the brink of the river for the better inspection of some + curious water-plant, there chanced to be a little alteration. It + originated in Mrs. Gardiner, who, fatigued by the exercise of the + morning, found Elizabeth’s arm inadequate to her support, and + consequently preferred her husband’s. Mr. Darcy took her place by + her niece, and they walked on together. After a short silence, + the lady first spoke. She wished him to know that she had been + assured of his absence before she came to the place, and + accordingly began by observing, that his arrival had been very + unexpected—“for your housekeeper,” she added, “informed us that + you would certainly not be here till to-morrow; and indeed, + before we left Bakewell, we understood that you were not + immediately expected in the country.” He acknowledged the truth + of it all, and said that business with his steward had occasioned + his coming forward a few hours before the rest of the party with + whom he had been travelling. “They will join me early to-morrow,” + he continued, “and among them are some who will claim an + acquaintance with you—Mr. Bingley and his sisters.” + + Elizabeth answered only by a slight bow. Her thoughts were + instantly driven back to the time when Mr. Bingley’s name had + been the last mentioned between them; and, if she might judge by + his complexion, _his_ mind was not very differently engaged. + + “There is also one other person in the party,” he continued after + a pause, “who more particularly wishes to be known to you. Will + you allow me, or do I ask too much, to introduce my sister to + your acquaintance during your stay at Lambton?” + + The surprise of such an application was great indeed; it was too + great for her to know in what manner she acceded to it. She + immediately felt that whatever desire Miss Darcy might have of + being acquainted with her must be the work of her brother, and, + without looking farther, it was satisfactory; it was gratifying + to know that his resentment had not made him think really ill of + her. + + They now walked on in silence, each of them deep in thought. + Elizabeth was not comfortable; that was impossible; but she was + flattered and pleased. His wish of introducing his sister to her + was a compliment of the highest kind. They soon outstripped the + others, and when they had reached the carriage, Mr. and Mrs. + Gardiner were half a quarter of a mile behind. + + He then asked her to walk into the house—but she declared herself + not tired, and they stood together on the lawn. At such a time + much might have been said, and silence was very awkward. She + wanted to talk, but there seemed to be an embargo on every + subject. At last she recollected that she had been travelling, + and they talked of Matlock and Dove Dale with great perseverance. + Yet time and her aunt moved slowly—and her patience and her ideas + were nearly worn out before the _tête-à-tête_ was over. + + On Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner’s coming up they were all pressed to go + into the house and take some refreshment; but this was declined, + and they parted on each side with utmost politeness. Mr. Darcy + handed the ladies into the carriage; and when it drove off, + Elizabeth saw him walking slowly towards the house. + + The observations of her uncle and aunt now began; and each of + them pronounced him to be infinitely superior to anything they + had expected. “He is perfectly well behaved, polite, and + unassuming,” said her uncle. + + “There _is_ something a little stately in him, to be sure,” + replied her aunt, “but it is confined to his air, and is not + unbecoming. I can now say with the housekeeper, that though some + people may call him proud, _I_ have seen nothing of it.” + + “I was never more surprised than by his behaviour to us. It was + more than civil; it was really attentive; and there was no + necessity for such attention. His acquaintance with Elizabeth was + very trifling.” + + “To be sure, Lizzy,” said her aunt, “he is not so handsome as + Wickham; or, rather, he has not Wickham’s countenance, for his + features are perfectly good. But how came you to tell me that he + was so disagreeable?” + + Elizabeth excused herself as well as she could; said that she had + liked him better when they had met in Kent than before, and that + she had never seen him so pleasant as this morning. + + “But perhaps he may be a little whimsical in his civilities,” + replied her uncle. “Your great men often are; and therefore I + shall not take him at his word, as he might change his mind + another day, and warn me off his grounds.” + + Elizabeth felt that they had entirely misunderstood his + character, but said nothing. + + “From what we have seen of him,” continued Mrs. Gardiner, “I + really should not have thought that he could have behaved in so + cruel a way by anybody as he has done by poor Wickham. He has not + an ill-natured look. On the contrary, there is something pleasing + about his mouth when he speaks. And there is something of dignity + in his countenance that would not give one an unfavourable idea + of his heart. But, to be sure, the good lady who showed us his + house did give him a most flaming character! I could hardly help + laughing aloud sometimes. But he is a liberal master, I suppose, + and _that_ in the eye of a servant comprehends every virtue.” + + Elizabeth here felt herself called on to say something in + vindication of his behaviour to Wickham; and therefore gave them + to understand, in as guarded a manner as she could, that by what + she had heard from his relations in Kent, his actions were + capable of a very different construction; and that his character + was by no means so faulty, nor Wickham’s so amiable, as they had + been considered in Hertfordshire. In confirmation of this, she + related the particulars of all the pecuniary transactions in + which they had been connected, without actually naming her + authority, but stating it to be such as might be relied on. + + Mrs. Gardiner was surprised and concerned; but as they were now + approaching the scene of her former pleasures, every idea gave + way to the charm of recollection; and she was too much engaged in + pointing out to her husband all the interesting spots in its + environs to think of anything else. Fatigued as she had been by + the morning’s walk they had no sooner dined than she set off + again in quest of her former acquaintance, and the evening was + spent in the satisfactions of an intercourse renewed after many + years’ discontinuance. + + The occurrences of the day were too full of interest to leave + Elizabeth much attention for any of these new friends; and she + could do nothing but think, and think with wonder, of Mr. Darcy’s + civility, and, above all, of his wishing her to be acquainted + with his sister. + + + + + Chapter 44 + + Elizabeth had settled it that Mr. Darcy would bring his sister to + visit her the very day after her reaching Pemberley; and was + consequently resolved not to be out of sight of the inn the whole + of that morning. But her conclusion was false; for on the very + morning after their arrival at Lambton, these visitors came. They + had been walking about the place with some of their new friends, + and were just returning to the inn to dress themselves for dining + with the same family, when the sound of a carriage drew them to a + window, and they saw a gentleman and a lady in a curricle driving + up the street. Elizabeth immediately recognizing the livery, + guessed what it meant, and imparted no small degree of her + surprise to her relations by acquainting them with the honour + which she expected. Her uncle and aunt were all amazement; and + the embarrassment of her manner as she spoke, joined to the + circumstance itself, and many of the circumstances of the + preceding day, opened to them a new idea on the business. Nothing + had ever suggested it before, but they felt that there was no + other way of accounting for such attentions from such a quarter + than by supposing a partiality for their niece. While these + newly-born notions were passing in their heads, the perturbation + of Elizabeth’s feelings was at every moment increasing. She was + quite amazed at her own discomposure; but amongst other causes of + disquiet, she dreaded lest the partiality of the brother should + have said too much in her favour; and, more than commonly anxious + to please, she naturally suspected that every power of pleasing + would fail her. + + She retreated from the window, fearful of being seen; and as she + walked up and down the room, endeavouring to compose herself, saw + such looks of inquiring surprise in her uncle and aunt as made + everything worse. + + Miss Darcy and her brother appeared, and this formidable + introduction took place. With astonishment did Elizabeth see that + her new acquaintance was at least as much embarrassed as herself. + Since her being at Lambton, she had heard that Miss Darcy was + exceedingly proud; but the observation of a very few minutes + convinced her that she was only exceedingly shy. She found it + difficult to obtain even a word from her beyond a monosyllable. + + Miss Darcy was tall, and on a larger scale than Elizabeth; and, + though little more than sixteen, her figure was formed, and her + appearance womanly and graceful. She was less handsome than her + brother; but there was sense and good humour in her face, and her + manners were perfectly unassuming and gentle. Elizabeth, who had + expected to find in her as acute and unembarrassed an observer as + ever Mr. Darcy had been, was much relieved by discerning such + different feelings. + + They had not long been together before Mr. Darcy told her that + Bingley was also coming to wait on her; and she had barely time + to express her satisfaction, and prepare for such a visitor, when + Bingley’s quick step was heard on the stairs, and in a moment he + entered the room. All Elizabeth’s anger against him had been long + done away; but had she still felt any, it could hardly have stood + its ground against the unaffected cordiality with which he + expressed himself on seeing her again. He inquired in a friendly, + though general way, after her family, and looked and spoke with + the same good-humoured ease that he had ever done. + + To Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner he was scarcely a less interesting + personage than to herself. They had long wished to see him. The + whole party before them, indeed, excited a lively attention. The + suspicions which had just arisen of Mr. Darcy and their niece + directed their observation towards each with an earnest though + guarded inquiry; and they soon drew from those inquiries the full + conviction that one of them at least knew what it was to love. Of + the lady’s sensations they remained a little in doubt; but that + the gentleman was overflowing with admiration was evident enough. + + Elizabeth, on her side, had much to do. She wanted to ascertain + the feelings of each of her visitors; she wanted to compose her + own, and to make herself agreeable to all; and in the latter + object, where she feared most to fail, she was most sure of + success, for those to whom she endeavoured to give pleasure were + prepossessed in her favour. Bingley was ready, Georgiana was + eager, and Darcy determined, to be pleased. + + In seeing Bingley, her thoughts naturally flew to her sister; + and, oh! how ardently did she long to know whether any of his + were directed in a like manner. Sometimes she could fancy that he + talked less than on former occasions, and once or twice pleased + herself with the notion that, as he looked at her, he was trying + to trace a resemblance. But, though this might be imaginary, she + could not be deceived as to his behaviour to Miss Darcy, who had + been set up as a rival to Jane. No look appeared on either side + that spoke particular regard. Nothing occurred between them that + could justify the hopes of his sister. On this point she was soon + satisfied; and two or three little circumstances occurred ere + they parted, which, in her anxious interpretation, denoted a + recollection of Jane not untinctured by tenderness, and a wish of + saying more that might lead to the mention of her, had he dared. + He observed to her, at a moment when the others were talking + together, and in a tone which had something of real regret, that + it “was a very long time since he had had the pleasure of seeing + her;” and, before she could reply, he added, “It is above eight + months. We have not met since the 26th of November, when we were + all dancing together at Netherfield.” + + Elizabeth was pleased to find his memory so exact; and he + afterwards took occasion to ask her, when unattended to by any of + the rest, whether _all_ her sisters were at Longbourn. There was + not much in the question, nor in the preceding remark; but there + was a look and a manner which gave them meaning. + + It was not often that she could turn her eyes on Mr. Darcy + himself; but, whenever she did catch a glimpse, she saw an + expression of general complaisance, and in all that he said she + heard an accent so removed from _hauteur_ or disdain of his + companions, as convinced her that the improvement of manners + which she had yesterday witnessed however temporary its existence + might prove, had at least outlived one day. When she saw him thus + seeking the acquaintance and courting the good opinion of people + with whom any intercourse a few months ago would have been a + disgrace—when she saw him thus civil, not only to herself, but to + the very relations whom he had openly disdained, and recollected + their last lively scene in Hunsford Parsonage—the difference, the + change was so great, and struck so forcibly on her mind, that she + could hardly restrain her astonishment from being visible. Never, + even in the company of his dear friends at Netherfield, or his + dignified relations at Rosings, had she seen him so desirous to + please, so free from self-consequence or unbending reserve, as + now, when no importance could result from the success of his + endeavours, and when even the acquaintance of those to whom his + attentions were addressed would draw down the ridicule and + censure of the ladies both of Netherfield and Rosings. + + Their visitors stayed with them above half-an-hour; and when they + arose to depart, Mr. Darcy called on his sister to join him in + expressing their wish of seeing Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, and Miss + Bennet, to dinner at Pemberley, before they left the country. + Miss Darcy, though with a diffidence which marked her little in + the habit of giving invitations, readily obeyed. Mrs. Gardiner + looked at her niece, desirous of knowing how _she_, whom the + invitation most concerned, felt disposed as to its acceptance, + but Elizabeth had turned away her head. Presuming however, that + this studied avoidance spoke rather a momentary embarrassment + than any dislike of the proposal, and seeing in her husband, who + was fond of society, a perfect willingness to accept it, she + ventured to engage for her attendance, and the day after the next + was fixed on. + + Bingley expressed great pleasure in the certainty of seeing + Elizabeth again, having still a great deal to say to her, and + many inquiries to make after all their Hertfordshire friends. + Elizabeth, construing all this into a wish of hearing her speak + of her sister, was pleased, and on this account, as well as some + others, found herself, when their visitors left them, capable of + considering the last half-hour with some satisfaction, though + while it was passing, the enjoyment of it had been little. Eager + to be alone, and fearful of inquiries or hints from her uncle and + aunt, she stayed with them only long enough to hear their + favourable opinion of Bingley, and then hurried away to dress. + + But she had no reason to fear Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner’s curiosity; + it was not their wish to force her communication. It was evident + that she was much better acquainted with Mr. Darcy than they had + before any idea of; it was evident that he was very much in love + with her. They saw much to interest, but nothing to justify + inquiry. + + Of Mr. Darcy it was now a matter of anxiety to think well; and, + as far as their acquaintance reached, there was no fault to find. + They could not be untouched by his politeness; and had they drawn + his character from their own feelings and his servant’s report, + without any reference to any other account, the circle in + Hertfordshire to which he was known would not have recognized it + for Mr. Darcy. There was now an interest, however, in believing + the housekeeper; and they soon became sensible that the authority + of a servant who had known him since he was four years old, and + whose own manners indicated respectability, was not to be hastily + rejected. Neither had anything occurred in the intelligence of + their Lambton friends that could materially lessen its weight. + They had nothing to accuse him of but pride; pride he probably + had, and if not, it would certainly be imputed by the inhabitants + of a small market-town where the family did not visit. It was + acknowledged, however, that he was a liberal man, and did much + good among the poor. + + With respect to Wickham, the travellers soon found that he was + not held there in much estimation; for though the chief of his + concerns with the son of his patron were imperfectly understood, + it was yet a well-known fact that, on his quitting Derbyshire, he + had left many debts behind him, which Mr. Darcy afterwards + discharged. + + As for Elizabeth, her thoughts were at Pemberley this evening + more than the last; and the evening, though as it passed it + seemed long, was not long enough to determine her feelings + towards _one_ in that mansion; and she lay awake two whole hours + endeavouring to make them out. She certainly did not hate him. + No; hatred had vanished long ago, and she had almost as long been + ashamed of ever feeling a dislike against him, that could be so + called. The respect created by the conviction of his valuable + qualities, though at first unwillingly admitted, had for some + time ceased to be repugnant to her feeling; and it was now + heightened into somewhat of a friendlier nature, by the testimony + so highly in his favour, and bringing forward his disposition in + so amiable a light, which yesterday had produced. But above all, + above respect and esteem, there was a motive within her of + goodwill which could not be overlooked. It was gratitude; + gratitude, not merely for having once loved her, but for loving + her still well enough to forgive all the petulance and acrimony + of her manner in rejecting him, and all the unjust accusations + accompanying her rejection. He who, she had been persuaded, would + avoid her as his greatest enemy, seemed, on this accidental + meeting, most eager to preserve the acquaintance, and without any + indelicate display of regard, or any peculiarity of manner, where + their two selves only were concerned, was soliciting the good + opinion of her friends, and bent on making her known to his + sister. Such a change in a man of so much pride exciting not only + astonishment but gratitude—for to love, ardent love, it must be + attributed; and as such its impression on her was of a sort to be + encouraged, as by no means unpleasing, though it could not be + exactly defined. She respected, she esteemed, she was grateful to + him, she felt a real interest in his welfare; and she only wanted + to know how far she wished that welfare to depend upon herself, + and how far it would be for the happiness of both that she should + employ the power, which her fancy told her she still possessed, + of bringing on her the renewal of his addresses. + + It had been settled in the evening between the aunt and the + niece, that such a striking civility as Miss Darcy’s in coming to + see them on the very day of her arrival at Pemberley, for she had + reached it only to a late breakfast, ought to be imitated, though + it could not be equalled, by some exertion of politeness on their + side; and, consequently, that it would be highly expedient to + wait on her at Pemberley the following morning. They were, + therefore, to go. Elizabeth was pleased; though when she asked + herself the reason, she had very little to say in reply. + + Mr. Gardiner left them soon after breakfast. The fishing scheme + had been renewed the day before, and a positive engagement made + of his meeting some of the gentlemen at Pemberley before noon. + + + + + Chapter 45 + + Convinced as Elizabeth now was that Miss Bingley’s dislike of her + had originated in jealousy, she could not help feeling how + unwelcome her appearance at Pemberley must be to her, and was + curious to know with how much civility on that lady’s side the + acquaintance would now be renewed. + + On reaching the house, they were shown through the hall into the + saloon, whose northern aspect rendered it delightful for summer. + Its windows opening to the ground, admitted a most refreshing + view of the high woody hills behind the house, and of the + beautiful oaks and Spanish chestnuts which were scattered over + the intermediate lawn. + + In this house they were received by Miss Darcy, who was sitting + there with Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley, and the lady with whom + she lived in London. Georgiana’s reception of them was very + civil, but attended with all the embarrassment which, though + proceeding from shyness and the fear of doing wrong, would easily + give to those who felt themselves inferior the belief of her + being proud and reserved. Mrs. Gardiner and her niece, however, + did her justice, and pitied her. + + By Mrs. Hurst and Miss Bingley they were noticed only by a + curtsey; and, on their being seated, a pause, awkward as such + pauses must always be, succeeded for a few moments. It was first + broken by Mrs. Annesley, a genteel, agreeable-looking woman, + whose endeavour to introduce some kind of discourse proved her to + be more truly well-bred than either of the others; and between + her and Mrs. Gardiner, with occasional help from Elizabeth, the + conversation was carried on. Miss Darcy looked as if she wished + for courage enough to join in it; and sometimes did venture a + short sentence when there was least danger of its being heard. + + Elizabeth soon saw that she was herself closely watched by Miss + Bingley, and that she could not speak a word, especially to Miss + Darcy, without calling her attention. This observation would not + have prevented her from trying to talk to the latter, had they + not been seated at an inconvenient distance; but she was not + sorry to be spared the necessity of saying much. Her own thoughts + were employing her. She expected every moment that some of the + gentlemen would enter the room. She wished, she feared that the + master of the house might be amongst them; and whether she wished + or feared it most, she could scarcely determine. After sitting in + this manner a quarter of an hour without hearing Miss Bingley’s + voice, Elizabeth was roused by receiving from her a cold inquiry + after the health of her family. She answered with equal + indifference and brevity, and the other said no more. + + The next variation which their visit afforded was produced by the + entrance of servants with cold meat, cake, and a variety of all + the finest fruits in season; but this did not take place till + after many a significant look and smile from Mrs. Annesley to + Miss Darcy had been given, to remind her of her post. There was + now employment for the whole party—for though they could not all + talk, they could all eat; and the beautiful pyramids of grapes, + nectarines, and peaches soon collected them round the table. + + While thus engaged, Elizabeth had a fair opportunity of deciding + whether she most feared or wished for the appearance of Mr. + Darcy, by the feelings which prevailed on his entering the room; + and then, though but a moment before she had believed her wishes + to predominate, she began to regret that he came. + + He had been some time with Mr. Gardiner, who, with two or three + other gentlemen from the house, was engaged by the river, and had + left him only on learning that the ladies of the family intended + a visit to Georgiana that morning. No sooner did he appear than + Elizabeth wisely resolved to be perfectly easy and unembarrassed; + a resolution the more necessary to be made, but perhaps not the + more easily kept, because she saw that the suspicions of the + whole party were awakened against them, and that there was + scarcely an eye which did not watch his behaviour when he first + came into the room. In no countenance was attentive curiosity so + strongly marked as in Miss Bingley’s, in spite of the smiles + which overspread her face whenever she spoke to one of its + objects; for jealousy had not yet made her desperate, and her + attentions to Mr. Darcy were by no means over. Miss Darcy, on her + brother’s entrance, exerted herself much more to talk, and + Elizabeth saw that he was anxious for his sister and herself to + get acquainted, and forwarded as much as possible, every attempt + at conversation on either side. Miss Bingley saw all this + likewise; and, in the imprudence of anger, took the first + opportunity of saying, with sneering civility: + + “Pray, Miss Eliza, are not the ——shire Militia removed from + Meryton? They must be a great loss to _your_ family.” + + In Darcy’s presence she dared not mention Wickham’s name; but + Elizabeth instantly comprehended that he was uppermost in her + thoughts; and the various recollections connected with him gave + her a moment’s distress; but exerting herself vigorously to repel + the ill-natured attack, she presently answered the question in a + tolerably detached tone. While she spoke, an involuntary glance + showed her Darcy, with a heightened complexion, earnestly looking + at her, and his sister overcome with confusion, and unable to + lift up her eyes. Had Miss Bingley known what pain she was then + giving her beloved friend, she undoubtedly would have refrained + from the hint; but she had merely intended to discompose + Elizabeth by bringing forward the idea of a man to whom she + believed her partial, to make her betray a sensibility which + might injure her in Darcy’s opinion, and, perhaps, to remind the + latter of all the follies and absurdities by which some part of + her family were connected with that corps. Not a syllable had + ever reached her of Miss Darcy’s meditated elopement. To no + creature had it been revealed, where secrecy was possible, except + to Elizabeth; and from all Bingley’s connections her brother was + particularly anxious to conceal it, from the very wish which + Elizabeth had long ago attributed to him, of their becoming + hereafter her own. He had certainly formed such a plan, and + without meaning that it should affect his endeavour to separate + him from Miss Bennet, it is probable that it might add something + to his lively concern for the welfare of his friend. + + Elizabeth’s collected behaviour, however, soon quieted his + emotion; and as Miss Bingley, vexed and disappointed, dared not + approach nearer to Wickham, Georgiana also recovered in time, + though not enough to be able to speak any more. Her brother, + whose eye she feared to meet, scarcely recollected her interest + in the affair, and the very circumstance which had been designed + to turn his thoughts from Elizabeth seemed to have fixed them on + her more and more cheerfully. + + Their visit did not continue long after the question and answer + above mentioned; and while Mr. Darcy was attending them to their + carriage Miss Bingley was venting her feelings in criticisms on + Elizabeth’s person, behaviour, and dress. But Georgiana would not + join her. Her brother’s recommendation was enough to ensure her + favour; his judgement could not err. And he had spoken in such + terms of Elizabeth as to leave Georgiana without the power of + finding her otherwise than lovely and amiable. When Darcy + returned to the saloon, Miss Bingley could not help repeating to + him some part of what she had been saying to his sister. + + “How very ill Miss Eliza Bennet looks this morning, Mr. Darcy,” + she cried; “I never in my life saw anyone so much altered as she + is since the winter. She is grown so brown and coarse! Louisa and + I were agreeing that we should not have known her again.” + + However little Mr. Darcy might have liked such an address, he + contented himself with coolly replying that he perceived no other + alteration than her being rather tanned, no miraculous + consequence of travelling in the summer. + + “For my own part,” she rejoined, “I must confess that I never + could see any beauty in her. Her face is too thin; her complexion + has no brilliancy; and her features are not at all handsome. Her + nose wants character—there is nothing marked in its lines. Her + teeth are tolerable, but not out of the common way; and as for + her eyes, which have sometimes been called so fine, I could never + see anything extraordinary in them. They have a sharp, shrewish + look, which I do not like at all; and in her air altogether there + is a self-sufficiency without fashion, which is intolerable.” + + Persuaded as Miss Bingley was that Darcy admired Elizabeth, this + was not the best method of recommending herself; but angry people + are not always wise; and in seeing him at last look somewhat + nettled, she had all the success she expected. He was resolutely + silent, however, and, from a determination of making him speak, + she continued: + + “I remember, when we first knew her in Hertfordshire, how amazed + we all were to find that she was a reputed beauty; and I + particularly recollect your saying one night, after they had been + dining at Netherfield, ‘_She_ a beauty!—I should as soon call her + mother a wit.’ But afterwards she seemed to improve on you, and I + believe you thought her rather pretty at one time.” + + “Yes,” replied Darcy, who could contain himself no longer, “but + _that_ was only when I first saw her, for it is many months since + I have considered her as one of the handsomest women of my + acquaintance.” + + He then went away, and Miss Bingley was left to all the + satisfaction of having forced him to say what gave no one any + pain but herself. + + Mrs. Gardiner and Elizabeth talked of all that had occurred + during their visit, as they returned, except what had + particularly interested them both. The look and behaviour of + everybody they had seen were discussed, except of the person who + had mostly engaged their attention. They talked of his sister, + his friends, his house, his fruit—of everything but himself; yet + Elizabeth was longing to know what Mrs. Gardiner thought of him, + and Mrs. Gardiner would have been highly gratified by her niece’s + beginning the subject. + + + + + Chapter 46 + + Elizabeth had been a good deal disappointed in not finding a + letter from Jane on their first arrival at Lambton; and this + disappointment had been renewed on each of the mornings that had + now been spent there; but on the third her repining was over, and + her sister justified, by the receipt of two letters from her at + once, on one of which was marked that it had been missent + elsewhere. Elizabeth was not surprised at it, as Jane had written + the direction remarkably ill. + + They had just been preparing to walk as the letters came in; and + her uncle and aunt, leaving her to enjoy them in quiet, set off + by themselves. The one missent must first be attended to; it had + been written five days ago. The beginning contained an account of + all their little parties and engagements, with such news as the + country afforded; but the latter half, which was dated a day + later, and written in evident agitation, gave more important + intelligence. It was to this effect: + + “Since writing the above, dearest Lizzy, something has occurred + of a most unexpected and serious nature; but I am afraid of + alarming you—be assured that we are all well. What I have to say + relates to poor Lydia. An express came at twelve last night, just + as we were all gone to bed, from Colonel Forster, to inform us + that she was gone off to Scotland with one of his officers; to + own the truth, with Wickham! Imagine our surprise. To Kitty, + however, it does not seem so wholly unexpected. I am very, very + sorry. So imprudent a match on both sides! But I am willing to + hope the best, and that his character has been misunderstood. + Thoughtless and indiscreet I can easily believe him, but this + step (and let us rejoice over it) marks nothing bad at heart. His + choice is disinterested at least, for he must know my father can + give her nothing. Our poor mother is sadly grieved. My father + bears it better. How thankful am I that we never let them know + what has been said against him; we must forget it ourselves. They + were off Saturday night about twelve, as is conjectured, but were + not missed till yesterday morning at eight. The express was sent + off directly. My dear Lizzy, they must have passed within ten + miles of us. Colonel Forster gives us reason to expect him here + soon. Lydia left a few lines for his wife, informing her of their + intention. I must conclude, for I cannot be long from my poor + mother. I am afraid you will not be able to make it out, but I + hardly know what I have written.” + + Without allowing herself time for consideration, and scarcely + knowing what she felt, Elizabeth on finishing this letter + instantly seized the other, and opening it with the utmost + impatience, read as follows: it had been written a day later than + the conclusion of the first. + + “By this time, my dearest sister, you have received my hurried + letter; I wish this may be more intelligible, but though not + confined for time, my head is so bewildered that I cannot answer + for being coherent. Dearest Lizzy, I hardly know what I would + write, but I have bad news for you, and it cannot be delayed. + Imprudent as the marriage between Mr. Wickham and our poor Lydia + would be, we are now anxious to be assured it has taken place, + for there is but too much reason to fear they are not gone to + Scotland. Colonel Forster came yesterday, having left Brighton + the day before, not many hours after the express. Though Lydia’s + short letter to Mrs. F. gave them to understand that they were + going to Gretna Green, something was dropped by Denny expressing + his belief that W. never intended to go there, or to marry Lydia + at all, which was repeated to Colonel F., who, instantly taking + the alarm, set off from B. intending to trace their route. He did + trace them easily to Clapham, but no further; for on entering + that place, they removed into a hackney coach, and dismissed the + chaise that brought them from Epsom. All that is known after this + is, that they were seen to continue the London road. I know not + what to think. After making every possible inquiry on that side + London, Colonel F. came on into Hertfordshire, anxiously renewing + them at all the turnpikes, and at the inns in Barnet and + Hatfield, but without any success—no such people had been seen to + pass through. With the kindest concern he came on to Longbourn, + and broke his apprehensions to us in a manner most creditable to + his heart. I am sincerely grieved for him and Mrs. F., but no one + can throw any blame on them. Our distress, my dear Lizzy, is very + great. My father and mother believe the worst, but I cannot think + so ill of him. Many circumstances might make it more eligible for + them to be married privately in town than to pursue their first + plan; and even if _he_ could form such a design against a young + woman of Lydia’s connections, which is not likely, can I suppose + her so lost to everything? Impossible! I grieve to find, however, + that Colonel F. is not disposed to depend upon their marriage; he + shook his head when I expressed my hopes, and said he feared W. + was not a man to be trusted. My poor mother is really ill, and + keeps her room. Could she exert herself, it would be better; but + this is not to be expected. And as to my father, I never in my + life saw him so affected. Poor Kitty has anger for having + concealed their attachment; but as it was a matter of confidence, + one cannot wonder. I am truly glad, dearest Lizzy, that you have + been spared something of these distressing scenes; but now, as + the first shock is over, shall I own that I long for your return? + I am not so selfish, however, as to press for it, if + inconvenient. Adieu! I take up my pen again to do what I have + just told you I would not; but circumstances are such that I + cannot help earnestly begging you all to come here as soon as + possible. I know my dear uncle and aunt so well, that I am not + afraid of requesting it, though I have still something more to + ask of the former. My father is going to London with Colonel + Forster instantly, to try to discover her. What he means to do I + am sure I know not; but his excessive distress will not allow him + to pursue any measure in the best and safest way, and Colonel + Forster is obliged to be at Brighton again to-morrow evening. In + such an exigence, my uncle’s advice and assistance would be + everything in the world; he will immediately comprehend what I + must feel, and I rely upon his goodness.” + + “Oh! where, where is my uncle?” cried Elizabeth, darting from her + seat as she finished the letter, in eagerness to follow him, + without losing a moment of the time so precious; but as she + reached the door it was opened by a servant, and Mr. Darcy + appeared. Her pale face and impetuous manner made him start, and + before he could recover himself to speak, she, in whose mind + every idea was superseded by Lydia’s situation, hastily + exclaimed, “I beg your pardon, but I must leave you. I must find + Mr. Gardiner this moment, on business that cannot be delayed; I + have not an instant to lose.” + + “Good God! what is the matter?” cried he, with more feeling than + politeness; then recollecting himself, “I will not detain you a + minute; but let me, or let the servant go after Mr. and Mrs. + Gardiner. You are not well enough; you cannot go yourself.” + + Elizabeth hesitated, but her knees trembled under her and she + felt how little would be gained by her attempting to pursue them. + Calling back the servant, therefore, she commissioned him, though + in so breathless an accent as made her almost unintelligible, to + fetch his master and mistress home instantly. + + On his quitting the room she sat down, unable to support herself, + and looking so miserably ill, that it was impossible for Darcy to + leave her, or to refrain from saying, in a tone of gentleness and + commiseration, “Let me call your maid. Is there nothing you could + take to give you present relief? A glass of wine; shall I get you + one? You are very ill.” + + “No, I thank you,” she replied, endeavouring to recover herself. + “There is nothing the matter with me. I am quite well; I am only + distressed by some dreadful news which I have just received from + Longbourn.” + + She burst into tears as she alluded to it, and for a few minutes + could not speak another word. Darcy, in wretched suspense, could + only say something indistinctly of his concern, and observe her + in compassionate silence. At length she spoke again. “I have just + had a letter from Jane, with such dreadful news. It cannot be + concealed from anyone. My younger sister has left all her + friends—has eloped; has thrown herself into the power of—of Mr. + Wickham. They are gone off together from Brighton. _You_ know him + too well to doubt the rest. She has no money, no connections, + nothing that can tempt him to—she is lost for ever.” + + Darcy was fixed in astonishment. “When I consider,” she added in + a yet more agitated voice, “that _I_ might have prevented it! _I_ + who knew what he was. Had I but explained some part of it + only—some part of what I learnt, to my own family! Had his + character been known, this could not have happened. But it is + all—all too late now.” + + “I am grieved indeed,” cried Darcy; “grieved—shocked. But is it + certain—absolutely certain?” + + “Oh, yes! They left Brighton together on Sunday night, and were + traced almost to London, but not beyond; they are certainly not + gone to Scotland.” + + “And what has been done, what has been attempted, to recover + her?” + + “My father is gone to London, and Jane has written to beg my + uncle’s immediate assistance; and we shall be off, I hope, in + half-an-hour. But nothing can be done—I know very well that + nothing can be done. How is such a man to be worked on? How are + they even to be discovered? I have not the smallest hope. It is + every way horrible!” + + Darcy shook his head in silent acquiescence. + + “When _my_ eyes were opened to his real character—Oh! had I known + what I ought, what I dared to do! But I knew not—I was afraid of + doing too much. Wretched, wretched mistake!” + + Darcy made no answer. He seemed scarcely to hear her, and was + walking up and down the room in earnest meditation, his brow + contracted, his air gloomy. Elizabeth soon observed, and + instantly understood it. Her power was sinking; everything _must_ + sink under such a proof of family weakness, such an assurance of + the deepest disgrace. She could neither wonder nor condemn, but + the belief of his self-conquest brought nothing consolatory to + her bosom, afforded no palliation of her distress. It was, on the + contrary, exactly calculated to make her understand her own + wishes; and never had she so honestly felt that she could have + loved him, as now, when all love must be vain. + + But self, though it would intrude, could not engross her. + Lydia—the humiliation, the misery she was bringing on them all, + soon swallowed up every private care; and covering her face with + her handkerchief, Elizabeth was soon lost to everything else; + and, after a pause of several minutes, was only recalled to a + sense of her situation by the voice of her companion, who, in a + manner which, though it spoke compassion, spoke likewise + restraint, said, “I am afraid you have been long desiring my + absence, nor have I anything to plead in excuse of my stay, but + real, though unavailing concern. Would to Heaven that anything + could be either said or done on my part that might offer + consolation to such distress! But I will not torment you with + vain wishes, which may seem purposely to ask for your thanks. + This unfortunate affair will, I fear, prevent my sister’s having + the pleasure of seeing you at Pemberley to-day.” + + “Oh, yes. Be so kind as to apologise for us to Miss Darcy. Say + that urgent business calls us home immediately. Conceal the + unhappy truth as long as it is possible, I know it cannot be + long.” + + He readily assured her of his secrecy; again expressed his sorrow + for her distress, wished it a happier conclusion than there was + at present reason to hope, and leaving his compliments for her + relations, with only one serious, parting look, went away. + + As he quitted the room, Elizabeth felt how improbable it was that + they should ever see each other again on such terms of cordiality + as had marked their several meetings in Derbyshire; and as she + threw a retrospective glance over the whole of their + acquaintance, so full of contradictions and varieties, sighed at + the perverseness of those feelings which would now have promoted + its continuance, and would formerly have rejoiced in its + termination. + + If gratitude and esteem are good foundations of affection, + Elizabeth’s change of sentiment will be neither improbable nor + faulty. But if otherwise—if regard springing from such sources is + unreasonable or unnatural, in comparison of what is so often + described as arising on a first interview with its object, and + even before two words have been exchanged, nothing can be said in + her defence, except that she had given somewhat of a trial to the + latter method in her partiality for Wickham, and that its ill + success might, perhaps, authorise her to seek the other less + interesting mode of attachment. Be that as it may, she saw him go + with regret; and in this early example of what Lydia’s infamy + must produce, found additional anguish as she reflected on that + wretched business. Never, since reading Jane’s second letter, had + she entertained a hope of Wickham’s meaning to marry her. No one + but Jane, she thought, could flatter herself with such an + expectation. Surprise was the least of her feelings on this + development. While the contents of the first letter remained in + her mind, she was all surprise—all astonishment that Wickham + should marry a girl whom it was impossible he could marry for + money; and how Lydia could ever have attached him had appeared + incomprehensible. But now it was all too natural. For such an + attachment as this she might have sufficient charms; and though + she did not suppose Lydia to be deliberately engaging in an + elopement without the intention of marriage, she had no + difficulty in believing that neither her virtue nor her + understanding would preserve her from falling an easy prey. + + She had never perceived, while the regiment was in Hertfordshire, + that Lydia had any partiality for him; but she was convinced that + Lydia wanted only encouragement to attach herself to anybody. + Sometimes one officer, sometimes another, had been her favourite, + as their attentions raised them in her opinion. Her affections + had continually been fluctuating but never without an object. The + mischief of neglect and mistaken indulgence towards such a + girl—oh! how acutely did she now feel it! + + She was wild to be at home—to hear, to see, to be upon the spot + to share with Jane in the cares that must now fall wholly upon + her, in a family so deranged, a father absent, a mother incapable + of exertion, and requiring constant attendance; and though almost + persuaded that nothing could be done for Lydia, her uncle’s + interference seemed of the utmost importance, and till he entered + the room her impatience was severe. Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner had + hurried back in alarm, supposing by the servant’s account that + their niece was taken suddenly ill; but satisfying them instantly + on that head, she eagerly communicated the cause of their + summons, reading the two letters aloud, and dwelling on the + postscript of the last with trembling energy.— Though Lydia had + never been a favourite with them, Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner could not + but be deeply afflicted. Not Lydia only, but all were concerned + in it; and after the first exclamations of surprise and horror, + Mr. Gardiner promised every assistance in his power. Elizabeth, + though expecting no less, thanked him with tears of gratitude; + and all three being actuated by one spirit, everything relating + to their journey was speedily settled. They were to be off as + soon as possible. “But what is to be done about Pemberley?” cried + Mrs. Gardiner. “John told us Mr. Darcy was here when you sent for + us; was it so?” + + “Yes; and I told him we should not be able to keep our + engagement. _That_ is all settled.” + + “What is all settled?” repeated the other, as she ran into her + room to prepare. “And are they upon such terms as for her to + disclose the real truth? Oh, that I knew how it was!” + + But wishes were vain, or at least could only serve to amuse her + in the hurry and confusion of the following hour. Had Elizabeth + been at leisure to be idle, she would have remained certain that + all employment was impossible to one so wretched as herself; but + she had her share of business as well as her aunt, and amongst + the rest there were notes to be written to all their friends at + Lambton, with false excuses for their sudden departure. An hour, + however, saw the whole completed; and Mr. Gardiner meanwhile + having settled his account at the inn, nothing remained to be + done but to go; and Elizabeth, after all the misery of the + morning, found herself, in a shorter space of time than she could + have supposed, seated in the carriage, and on the road to + Longbourn. + + + + + Chapter 47 + + “I have been thinking it over again, Elizabeth,” said her uncle, + as they drove from the town; “and really, upon serious + consideration, I am much more inclined than I was to judge as + your eldest sister does on the matter. It appears to me so very + unlikely that any young man should form such a design against a + girl who is by no means unprotected or friendless, and who was + actually staying in his colonel’s family, that I am strongly + inclined to hope the best. Could he expect that her friends would + not step forward? Could he expect to be noticed again by the + regiment, after such an affront to Colonel Forster? His + temptation is not adequate to the risk!” + + “Do you really think so?” cried Elizabeth, brightening up for a + moment. + + “Upon my word,” said Mrs. Gardiner, “I begin to be of your + uncle’s opinion. It is really too great a violation of decency, + honour, and interest, for him to be guilty of. I cannot think so + very ill of Wickham. Can you yourself, Lizzy, so wholly give him + up, as to believe him capable of it?” + + “Not, perhaps, of neglecting his own interest; but of every other + neglect I can believe him capable. If, indeed, it should be so! + But I dare not hope it. Why should they not go on to Scotland if + that had been the case?” + + “In the first place,” replied Mr. Gardiner, “there is no absolute + proof that they are not gone to Scotland.” + + “Oh! but their removing from the chaise into a hackney coach is + such a presumption! And, besides, no traces of them were to be + found on the Barnet road.” + + “Well, then—supposing them to be in London. They may be there, + though for the purpose of concealment, for no more exceptional + purpose. It is not likely that money should be very abundant on + either side; and it might strike them that they could be more + economically, though less expeditiously, married in London than + in Scotland.” + + “But why all this secrecy? Why any fear of detection? Why must + their marriage be private? Oh, no, no—this is not likely. His + most particular friend, you see by Jane’s account, was persuaded + of his never intending to marry her. Wickham will never marry a + woman without some money. He cannot afford it. And what claims + has Lydia—what attraction has she beyond youth, health, and good + humour that could make him, for her sake, forego every chance of + benefiting himself by marrying well? As to what restraint the + apprehensions of disgrace in the corps might throw on a + dishonourable elopement with her, I am not able to judge; for I + know nothing of the effects that such a step might produce. But + as to your other objection, I am afraid it will hardly hold good. + Lydia has no brothers to step forward; and he might imagine, from + my father’s behaviour, from his indolence and the little + attention he has ever seemed to give to what was going forward in + his family, that _he_ would do as little, and think as little + about it, as any father could do, in such a matter.” + + “But can you think that Lydia is so lost to everything but love + of him as to consent to live with him on any terms other than + marriage?” + + “It does seem, and it is most shocking indeed,” replied + Elizabeth, with tears in her eyes, “that a sister’s sense of + decency and virtue in such a point should admit of doubt. But, + really, I know not what to say. Perhaps I am not doing her + justice. But she is very young; she has never been taught to + think on serious subjects; and for the last half-year, nay, for a + twelvemonth—she has been given up to nothing but amusement and + vanity. She has been allowed to dispose of her time in the most + idle and frivolous manner, and to adopt any opinions that came in + her way. Since the ——shire were first quartered in Meryton, + nothing but love, flirtation, and officers have been in her head. + She has been doing everything in her power by thinking and + talking on the subject, to give greater—what shall I call it? + susceptibility to her feelings; which are naturally lively + enough. And we all know that Wickham has every charm of person + and address that can captivate a woman.” + + “But you see that Jane,” said her aunt, “does not think so very + ill of Wickham as to believe him capable of the attempt.” + + “Of whom does Jane ever think ill? And who is there, whatever + might be their former conduct, that she would think capable of + such an attempt, till it were proved against them? But Jane + knows, as well as I do, what Wickham really is. We both know that + he has been profligate in every sense of the word; that he has + neither integrity nor honour; that he is as false and deceitful + as he is insinuating.” + + “And do you really know all this?” cried Mrs. Gardiner, whose + curiosity as to the mode of her intelligence was all alive. + + “I do indeed,” replied Elizabeth, colouring. “I told you, the + other day, of his infamous behaviour to Mr. Darcy; and you + yourself, when last at Longbourn, heard in what manner he spoke + of the man who had behaved with such forbearance and liberality + towards him. And there are other circumstances which I am not at + liberty—which it is not worth while to relate; but his lies about + the whole Pemberley family are endless. From what he said of Miss + Darcy I was thoroughly prepared to see a proud, reserved, + disagreeable girl. Yet he knew to the contrary himself. He must + know that she was as amiable and unpretending as we have found + her.” + + “But does Lydia know nothing of this? can she be ignorant of what + you and Jane seem so well to understand?” + + “Oh, yes!—that, that is the worst of all. Till I was in Kent, and + saw so much both of Mr. Darcy and his relation Colonel + Fitzwilliam, I was ignorant of the truth myself. And when I + returned home, the ——shire was to leave Meryton in a week or + fortnight’s time. As that was the case, neither Jane, to whom I + related the whole, nor I, thought it necessary to make our + knowledge public; for of what use could it apparently be to any + one, that the good opinion which all the neighbourhood had of him + should then be overthrown? And even when it was settled that + Lydia should go with Mrs. Forster, the necessity of opening her + eyes to his character never occurred to me. That _she_ could be + in any danger from the deception never entered my head. That such + a consequence as _this_ could ensue, you may easily believe, was + far enough from my thoughts.” + + “When they all removed to Brighton, therefore, you had no reason, + I suppose, to believe them fond of each other?” + + “Not the slightest. I can remember no symptom of affection on + either side; and had anything of the kind been perceptible, you + must be aware that ours is not a family on which it could be + thrown away. When first he entered the corps, she was ready + enough to admire him; but so we all were. Every girl in or near + Meryton was out of her senses about him for the first two months; + but he never distinguished _her_ by any particular attention; + and, consequently, after a moderate period of extravagant and + wild admiration, her fancy for him gave way, and others of the + regiment, who treated her with more distinction, again became her + favourites.” + + It may be easily believed, that however little of novelty could + be added to their fears, hopes, and conjectures, on this + interesting subject, by its repeated discussion, no other could + detain them from it long, during the whole of the journey. From + Elizabeth’s thoughts it was never absent. Fixed there by the + keenest of all anguish, self-reproach, she could find no interval + of ease or forgetfulness. + + They travelled as expeditiously as possible, and, sleeping one + night on the road, reached Longbourn by dinner time the next day. + It was a comfort to Elizabeth to consider that Jane could not + have been wearied by long expectations. + + The little Gardiners, attracted by the sight of a chaise, were + standing on the steps of the house as they entered the paddock; + and, when the carriage drove up to the door, the joyful surprise + that lighted up their faces, and displayed itself over their + whole bodies, in a variety of capers and frisks, was the first + pleasing earnest of their welcome. + + Elizabeth jumped out; and, after giving each of them a hasty + kiss, hurried into the vestibule, where Jane, who came running + down from her mother’s apartment, immediately met her. + + Elizabeth, as she affectionately embraced her, whilst tears + filled the eyes of both, lost not a moment in asking whether + anything had been heard of the fugitives. + + “Not yet,” replied Jane. “But now that my dear uncle is come, I + hope everything will be well.” + + “Is my father in town?” + + “Yes, he went on Tuesday, as I wrote you word.” + + “And have you heard from him often?” + + “We have heard only twice. He wrote me a few lines on Wednesday + to say that he had arrived in safety, and to give me his + directions, which I particularly begged him to do. He merely + added that he should not write again till he had something of + importance to mention.” + + “And my mother—how is she? How are you all?” + + “My mother is tolerably well, I trust; though her spirits are + greatly shaken. She is up stairs and will have great satisfaction + in seeing you all. She does not yet leave her dressing-room. Mary + and Kitty, thank Heaven, are quite well.” + + “But you—how are you?” cried Elizabeth. “You look pale. How much + you must have gone through!” + + Her sister, however, assured her of her being perfectly well; and + their conversation, which had been passing while Mr. and Mrs. + Gardiner were engaged with their children, was now put an end to + by the approach of the whole party. Jane ran to her uncle and + aunt, and welcomed and thanked them both, with alternate smiles + and tears. + + When they were all in the drawing-room, the questions which + Elizabeth had already asked were of course repeated by the + others, and they soon found that Jane had no intelligence to + give. The sanguine hope of good, however, which the benevolence + of her heart suggested had not yet deserted her; she still + expected that it would all end well, and that every morning would + bring some letter, either from Lydia or her father, to explain + their proceedings, and, perhaps, announce their marriage. + + Mrs. Bennet, to whose apartment they all repaired, after a few + minutes’ conversation together, received them exactly as might be + expected; with tears and lamentations of regret, invectives + against the villainous conduct of Wickham, and complaints of her + own sufferings and ill-usage; blaming everybody but the person to + whose ill-judging indulgence the errors of her daughter must + principally be owing. + + “If I had been able,” said she, “to carry my point in going to + Brighton, with all my family, _this_ would not have happened; but + poor dear Lydia had nobody to take care of her. Why did the + Forsters ever let her go out of their sight? I am sure there was + some great neglect or other on their side, for she is not the + kind of girl to do such a thing if she had been well looked + after. I always thought they were very unfit to have the charge + of her; but I was overruled, as I always am. Poor dear child! And + now here’s Mr. Bennet gone away, and I know he will fight + Wickham, wherever he meets him and then he will be killed, and + what is to become of us all? The Collinses will turn us out + before he is cold in his grave, and if you are not kind to us, + brother, I do not know what we shall do.” + + They all exclaimed against such terrific ideas; and Mr. Gardiner, + after general assurances of his affection for her and all her + family, told her that he meant to be in London the very next day, + and would assist Mr. Bennet in every endeavour for recovering + Lydia. + + “Do not give way to useless alarm,” added he; “though it is right + to be prepared for the worst, there is no occasion to look on it + as certain. It is not quite a week since they left Brighton. In a + few days more we may gain some news of them; and till we know + that they are not married, and have no design of marrying, do not + let us give the matter over as lost. As soon as I get to town I + shall go to my brother, and make him come home with me to + Gracechurch Street; and then we may consult together as to what + is to be done.” + + “Oh! my dear brother,” replied Mrs. Bennet, “that is exactly what + I could most wish for. And now do, when you get to town, find + them out, wherever they may be; and if they are not married + already, _make_ them marry. And as for wedding clothes, do not + let them wait for that, but tell Lydia she shall have as much + money as she chooses to buy them, after they are married. And, + above all, keep Mr. Bennet from fighting. Tell him what a + dreadful state I am in, that I am frighted out of my wits—and + have such tremblings, such flutterings, all over me—such spasms + in my side and pains in my head, and such beatings at heart, that + I can get no rest by night nor by day. And tell my dear Lydia not + to give any directions about her clothes till she has seen me, + for she does not know which are the best warehouses. Oh, brother, + how kind you are! I know you will contrive it all.” + + But Mr. Gardiner, though he assured her again of his earnest + endeavours in the cause, could not avoid recommending moderation + to her, as well in her hopes as her fear; and after talking with + her in this manner till dinner was on the table, they all left + her to vent all her feelings on the housekeeper, who attended in + the absence of her daughters. + + Though her brother and sister were persuaded that there was no + real occasion for such a seclusion from the family, they did not + attempt to oppose it, for they knew that she had not prudence + enough to hold her tongue before the servants, while they waited + at table, and judged it better that _one_ only of the household, + and the one whom they could most trust should comprehend all her + fears and solicitude on the subject. + + In the dining-room they were soon joined by Mary and Kitty, who + had been too busily engaged in their separate apartments to make + their appearance before. One came from her books, and the other + from her toilette. The faces of both, however, were tolerably + calm; and no change was visible in either, except that the loss + of her favourite sister, or the anger which she had herself + incurred in this business, had given more of fretfulness than + usual to the accents of Kitty. As for Mary, she was mistress + enough of herself to whisper to Elizabeth, with a countenance of + grave reflection, soon after they were seated at table: + + “This is a most unfortunate affair, and will probably be much + talked of. But we must stem the tide of malice, and pour into the + wounded bosoms of each other the balm of sisterly consolation.” + + Then, perceiving in Elizabeth no inclination of replying, she + added, “Unhappy as the event must be for Lydia, we may draw from + it this useful lesson: that loss of virtue in a female is + irretrievable; that one false step involves her in endless ruin; + that her reputation is no less brittle than it is beautiful; and + that she cannot be too much guarded in her behaviour towards the + undeserving of the other sex.” + + Elizabeth lifted up her eyes in amazement, but was too much + oppressed to make any reply. Mary, however, continued to console + herself with such kind of moral extractions from the evil before + them. + + In the afternoon, the two elder Miss Bennets were able to be for + half-an-hour by themselves; and Elizabeth instantly availed + herself of the opportunity of making any inquiries, which Jane + was equally eager to satisfy. After joining in general + lamentations over the dreadful sequel of this event, which + Elizabeth considered as all but certain, and Miss Bennet could + not assert to be wholly impossible, the former continued the + subject, by saying, “But tell me all and everything about it + which I have not already heard. Give me further particulars. What + did Colonel Forster say? Had they no apprehension of anything + before the elopement took place? They must have seen them + together for ever.” + + “Colonel Forster did own that he had often suspected some + partiality, especially on Lydia’s side, but nothing to give him + any alarm. I am so grieved for him! His behaviour was attentive + and kind to the utmost. He _was_ coming to us, in order to assure + us of his concern, before he had any idea of their not being gone + to Scotland: when that apprehension first got abroad, it hastened + his journey.” + + “And was Denny convinced that Wickham would not marry? Did he + know of their intending to go off? Had Colonel Forster seen Denny + himself?” + + “Yes; but, when questioned by _him_, Denny denied knowing + anything of their plans, and would not give his real opinion + about it. He did not repeat his persuasion of their not + marrying—and from _that_, I am inclined to hope, he might have + been misunderstood before.” + + “And till Colonel Forster came himself, not one of you + entertained a doubt, I suppose, of their being really married?” + + “How was it possible that such an idea should enter our brains? I + felt a little uneasy—a little fearful of my sister’s happiness + with him in marriage, because I knew that his conduct had not + been always quite right. My father and mother knew nothing of + that; they only felt how imprudent a match it must be. Kitty then + owned, with a very natural triumph on knowing more than the rest + of us, that in Lydia’s last letter she had prepared her for such + a step. She had known, it seems, of their being in love with each + other, many weeks.” + + “But not before they went to Brighton?” + + “No, I believe not.” + + “And did Colonel Forster appear to think well of Wickham himself? + Does he know his real character?” + + “I must confess that he did not speak so well of Wickham as he + formerly did. He believed him to be imprudent and extravagant. + And since this sad affair has taken place, it is said that he + left Meryton greatly in debt; but I hope this may be false.” + + “Oh, Jane, had we been less secret, had we told what we knew of + him, this could not have happened!” + + “Perhaps it would have been better,” replied her sister. “But to + expose the former faults of any person without knowing what their + present feelings were, seemed unjustifiable. We acted with the + best intentions.” + + “Could Colonel Forster repeat the particulars of Lydia’s note to + his wife?” + + “He brought it with him for us to see.” + + Jane then took it from her pocket-book, and gave it to Elizabeth. + These were the contents: + + “My dear Harriet, + “You will laugh when you know where I am gone, and I cannot help + laughing myself at your surprise to-morrow morning, as soon as I + am missed. I am going to Gretna Green, and if you cannot guess + with who, I shall think you a simpleton, for there is but one man + in the world I love, and he is an angel. I should never be happy + without him, so think it no harm to be off. You need not send + them word at Longbourn of my going, if you do not like it, for it + will make the surprise the greater, when I write to them and sign + my name ‘Lydia Wickham.’ What a good joke it will be! I can + hardly write for laughing. Pray make my excuses to Pratt for not + keeping my engagement, and dancing with him to-night. Tell him I + hope he will excuse me when he knows all; and tell him I will + dance with him at the next ball we meet, with great pleasure. I + shall send for my clothes when I get to Longbourn; but I wish you + would tell Sally to mend a great slit in my worked muslin gown + before they are packed up. Good-bye. Give my love to Colonel + Forster. I hope you will drink to our good journey. + + “Your affectionate friend, + “LYDIA BENNET.” + + “Oh! thoughtless, thoughtless Lydia!” cried Elizabeth when she + had finished it. “What a letter is this, to be written at such a + moment! But at least it shows that _she_ was serious on the + subject of their journey. Whatever he might afterwards persuade + her to, it was not on her side a _scheme_ of infamy. My poor + father! how he must have felt it!” + + “I never saw anyone so shocked. He could not speak a word for + full ten minutes. My mother was taken ill immediately, and the + whole house in such confusion!” + + “Oh! Jane,” cried Elizabeth, “was there a servant belonging to it + who did not know the whole story before the end of the day?” + + “I do not know. I hope there was. But to be guarded at such a + time is very difficult. My mother was in hysterics, and though I + endeavoured to give her every assistance in my power, I am afraid + I did not do so much as I might have done! But the horror of what + might possibly happen almost took from me my faculties.” + + “Your attendance upon her has been too much for you. You do not + look well. Oh that I had been with you! you have had every care + and anxiety upon yourself alone.” + + “Mary and Kitty have been very kind, and would have shared in + every fatigue, I am sure; but I did not think it right for either + of them. Kitty is slight and delicate; and Mary studies so much, + that her hours of repose should not be broken in on. My aunt + Phillips came to Longbourn on Tuesday, after my father went away; + and was so good as to stay till Thursday with me. She was of + great use and comfort to us all. And Lady Lucas has been very + kind; she walked here on Wednesday morning to condole with us, + and offered her services, or any of her daughters’, if they + should be of use to us.” + + “She had better have stayed at home,” cried Elizabeth; “perhaps + she _meant_ well, but, under such a misfortune as this, one + cannot see too little of one’s neighbours. Assistance is + impossible; condolence insufferable. Let them triumph over us at + a distance, and be satisfied.” + + She then proceeded to inquire into the measures which her father + had intended to pursue, while in town, for the recovery of his + daughter. + + “He meant I believe,” replied Jane, “to go to Epsom, the place + where they last changed horses, see the postilions and try if + anything could be made out from them. His principal object must + be to discover the number of the hackney coach which took them + from Clapham. It had come with a fare from London; and as he + thought that the circumstance of a gentleman and lady’s removing + from one carriage into another might be remarked he meant to make + inquiries at Clapham. If he could anyhow discover at what house + the coachman had before set down his fare, he determined to make + inquiries there, and hoped it might not be impossible to find out + the stand and number of the coach. I do not know of any other + designs that he had formed; but he was in such a hurry to be + gone, and his spirits so greatly discomposed, that I had + difficulty in finding out even so much as this.” + + + + + Chapter 48 + + The whole party were in hopes of a letter from Mr. Bennet the + next morning, but the post came in without bringing a single line + from him. His family knew him to be, on all common occasions, a + most negligent and dilatory correspondent; but at such a time + they had hoped for exertion. They were forced to conclude that he + had no pleasing intelligence to send; but even of _that_ they + would have been glad to be certain. Mr. Gardiner had waited only + for the letters before he set off. + + When he was gone, they were certain at least of receiving + constant information of what was going on, and their uncle + promised, at parting, to prevail on Mr. Bennet to return to + Longbourn, as soon as he could, to the great consolation of his + sister, who considered it as the only security for her husband’s + not being killed in a duel. + + Mrs. Gardiner and the children were to remain in Hertfordshire a + few days longer, as the former thought her presence might be + serviceable to her nieces. She shared in their attendance on Mrs. + Bennet, and was a great comfort to them in their hours of + freedom. Their other aunt also visited them frequently, and + always, as she said, with the design of cheering and heartening + them up—though, as she never came without reporting some fresh + instance of Wickham’s extravagance or irregularity, she seldom + went away without leaving them more dispirited than she found + them. + + All Meryton seemed striving to blacken the man who, but three + months before, had been almost an angel of light. He was declared + to be in debt to every tradesman in the place, and his intrigues, + all honoured with the title of seduction, had been extended into + every tradesman’s family. Everybody declared that he was the + wickedest young man in the world; and everybody began to find out + that they had always distrusted the appearance of his goodness. + Elizabeth, though she did not credit above half of what was said, + believed enough to make her former assurance of her sister’s ruin + more certain; and even Jane, who believed still less of it, + became almost hopeless, more especially as the time was now come + when, if they had gone to Scotland, which she had never before + entirely despaired of, they must in all probability have gained + some news of them. + + Mr. Gardiner left Longbourn on Sunday; on Tuesday his wife + received a letter from him; it told them that, on his arrival, he + had immediately found out his brother, and persuaded him to come + to Gracechurch Street; that Mr. Bennet had been to Epsom and + Clapham, before his arrival, but without gaining any satisfactory + information; and that he was now determined to inquire at all the + principal hotels in town, as Mr. Bennet thought it possible they + might have gone to one of them, on their first coming to London, + before they procured lodgings. Mr. Gardiner himself did not + expect any success from this measure, but as his brother was + eager in it, he meant to assist him in pursuing it. He added that + Mr. Bennet seemed wholly disinclined at present to leave London + and promised to write again very soon. There was also a + postscript to this effect: + + “I have written to Colonel Forster to desire him to find out, if + possible, from some of the young man’s intimates in the regiment, + whether Wickham has any relations or connections who would be + likely to know in what part of town he has now concealed himself. + If there were anyone that one could apply to with a probability + of gaining such a clue as that, it might be of essential + consequence. At present we have nothing to guide us. Colonel + Forster will, I dare say, do everything in his power to satisfy + us on this head. But, on second thoughts, perhaps, Lizzy could + tell us what relations he has now living, better than any other + person.” + + Elizabeth was at no loss to understand from whence this deference + to her authority proceeded; but it was not in her power to give + any information of so satisfactory a nature as the compliment + deserved. She had never heard of his having had any relations, + except a father and mother, both of whom had been dead many + years. It was possible, however, that some of his companions in + the ——shire might be able to give more information; and though + she was not very sanguine in expecting it, the application was a + something to look forward to. + + Every day at Longbourn was now a day of anxiety; but the most + anxious part of each was when the post was expected. The arrival + of letters was the grand object of every morning’s impatience. + Through letters, whatever of good or bad was to be told would be + communicated, and every succeeding day was expected to bring some + news of importance. + + But before they heard again from Mr. Gardiner, a letter arrived + for their father, from a different quarter, from Mr. Collins; + which, as Jane had received directions to open all that came for + him in his absence, she accordingly read; and Elizabeth, who knew + what curiosities his letters always were, looked over her, and + read it likewise. It was as follows: + + “My dear Sir, + “I feel myself called upon, by our relationship, and my situation + in life, to condole with you on the grievous affliction you are + now suffering under, of which we were yesterday informed by a + letter from Hertfordshire. Be assured, my dear sir, that Mrs. + Collins and myself sincerely sympathise with you and all your + respectable family, in your present distress, which must be of + the bitterest kind, because proceeding from a cause which no time + can remove. No arguments shall be wanting on my part that can + alleviate so severe a misfortune—or that may comfort you, under a + circumstance that must be of all others the most afflicting to a + parent’s mind. The death of your daughter would have been a + blessing in comparison of this. And it is the more to be + lamented, because there is reason to suppose as my dear Charlotte + informs me, that this licentiousness of behaviour in your + daughter has proceeded from a faulty degree of indulgence; + though, at the same time, for the consolation of yourself and + Mrs. Bennet, I am inclined to think that her own disposition must + be naturally bad, or she could not be guilty of such an enormity, + at so early an age. Howsoever that may be, you are grievously to + be pitied; in which opinion I am not only joined by Mrs. Collins, + but likewise by Lady Catherine and her daughter, to whom I have + related the affair. They agree with me in apprehending that this + false step in one daughter will be injurious to the fortunes of + all the others; for who, as Lady Catherine herself + condescendingly says, will connect themselves with such a family? + And this consideration leads me moreover to reflect, with + augmented satisfaction, on a certain event of last November; for + had it been otherwise, I must have been involved in all your + sorrow and disgrace. Let me then advise you, dear sir, to console + yourself as much as possible, to throw off your unworthy child + from your affection for ever, and leave her to reap the fruits of + her own heinous offense. + + “I am, dear sir, etc., etc.” + + Mr. Gardiner did not write again till he had received an answer + from Colonel Forster; and then he had nothing of a pleasant + nature to send. It was not known that Wickham had a single + relationship with whom he kept up any connection, and it was + certain that he had no near one living. His former acquaintances + had been numerous; but since he had been in the militia, it did + not appear that he was on terms of particular friendship with any + of them. There was no one, therefore, who could be pointed out as + likely to give any news of him. And in the wretched state of his + own finances, there was a very powerful motive for secrecy, in + addition to his fear of discovery by Lydia’s relations, for it + had just transpired that he had left gaming debts behind him to a + very considerable amount. Colonel Forster believed that more than + a thousand pounds would be necessary to clear his expenses at + Brighton. He owed a good deal in town, but his debts of honour + were still more formidable. Mr. Gardiner did not attempt to + conceal these particulars from the Longbourn family. Jane heard + them with horror. “A gamester!” she cried. “This is wholly + unexpected. I had not an idea of it.” + + Mr. Gardiner added in his letter, that they might expect to see + their father at home on the following day, which was Saturday. + Rendered spiritless by the ill-success of all their endeavours, + he had yielded to his brother-in-law’s entreaty that he would + return to his family, and leave it to him to do whatever occasion + might suggest to be advisable for continuing their pursuit. When + Mrs. Bennet was told of this, she did not express so much + satisfaction as her children expected, considering what her + anxiety for his life had been before. + + “What, is he coming home, and without poor Lydia?” she cried. + “Sure he will not leave London before he has found them. Who is + to fight Wickham, and make him marry her, if he comes away?” + + As Mrs. Gardiner began to wish to be at home, it was settled that + she and the children should go to London, at the same time that + Mr. Bennet came from it. The coach, therefore, took them the + first stage of their journey, and brought its master back to + Longbourn. + + Mrs. Gardiner went away in all the perplexity about Elizabeth and + her Derbyshire friend that had attended her from that part of the + world. His name had never been voluntarily mentioned before them + by her niece; and the kind of half-expectation which Mrs. + Gardiner had formed, of their being followed by a letter from + him, had ended in nothing. Elizabeth had received none since her + return that could come from Pemberley. + + The present unhappy state of the family rendered any other excuse + for the lowness of her spirits unnecessary; nothing, therefore, + could be fairly conjectured from _that_, though Elizabeth, who + was by this time tolerably well acquainted with her own feelings, + was perfectly aware that, had she known nothing of Darcy, she + could have borne the dread of Lydia’s infamy somewhat better. It + would have spared her, she thought, one sleepless night out of + two. + + When Mr. Bennet arrived, he had all the appearance of his usual + philosophic composure. He said as little as he had ever been in + the habit of saying; made no mention of the business that had + taken him away, and it was some time before his daughters had + courage to speak of it. + + It was not till the afternoon, when he had joined them at tea, + that Elizabeth ventured to introduce the subject; and then, on + her briefly expressing her sorrow for what he must have endured, + he replied, “Say nothing of that. Who should suffer but myself? + It has been my own doing, and I ought to feel it.” + + “You must not be too severe upon yourself,” replied Elizabeth. + + “You may well warn me against such an evil. Human nature is so + prone to fall into it! No, Lizzy, let me once in my life feel how + much I have been to blame. I am not afraid of being overpowered + by the impression. It will pass away soon enough.” + + “Do you suppose them to be in London?” + + “Yes; where else can they be so well concealed?” + + “And Lydia used to want to go to London,” added Kitty. + + “She is happy then,” said her father drily; “and her residence + there will probably be of some duration.” + + Then after a short silence he continued: + + “Lizzy, I bear you no ill-will for being justified in your advice + to me last May, which, considering the event, shows some + greatness of mind.” + + They were interrupted by Miss Bennet, who came to fetch her + mother’s tea. + + “This is a parade,” he cried, “which does one good; it gives such + an elegance to misfortune! Another day I will do the same; I will + sit in my library, in my nightcap and powdering gown, and give as + much trouble as I can; or, perhaps, I may defer it till Kitty + runs away.” + + “I am not going to run away, papa,” said Kitty fretfully. “If _I_ + should ever go to Brighton, I would behave better than Lydia.” + + “_You_ go to Brighton. I would not trust you so near it as + Eastbourne for fifty pounds! No, Kitty, I have at last learnt to + be cautious, and you will feel the effects of it. No officer is + ever to enter into my house again, nor even to pass through the + village. Balls will be absolutely prohibited, unless you stand up + with one of your sisters. And you are never to stir out of doors + till you can prove that you have spent ten minutes of every day + in a rational manner.” + + Kitty, who took all these threats in a serious light, began to + cry. + + “Well, well,” said he, “do not make yourself unhappy. If you are + a good girl for the next ten years, I will take you to a review + at the end of them.” + + + + + Chapter 49 + + Two days after Mr. Bennet’s return, as Jane and Elizabeth were + walking together in the shrubbery behind the house, they saw the + housekeeper coming towards them, and, concluding that she came to + call them to their mother, went forward to meet her; but, instead + of the expected summons, when they approached her, she said to + Miss Bennet, “I beg your pardon, madam, for interrupting you, but + I was in hopes you might have got some good news from town, so I + took the liberty of coming to ask.” + + “What do you mean, Hill? We have heard nothing from town.” + + “Dear madam,” cried Mrs. Hill, in great astonishment, “don’t you + know there is an express come for master from Mr. Gardiner? He + has been here this half-hour, and master has had a letter.” + + Away ran the girls, too eager to get in to have time for speech. + They ran through the vestibule into the breakfast-room; from + thence to the library; their father was in neither; and they were + on the point of seeking him up stairs with their mother, when + they were met by the butler, who said: + + “If you are looking for my master, ma’am, he is walking towards + the little copse.” + + Upon this information, they instantly passed through the hall + once more, and ran across the lawn after their father, who was + deliberately pursuing his way towards a small wood on one side of + the paddock. + + Jane, who was not so light nor so much in the habit of running as + Elizabeth, soon lagged behind, while her sister, panting for + breath, came up with him, and eagerly cried out: + + “Oh, papa, what news—what news? Have you heard from my uncle?” + + “Yes I have had a letter from him by express.” + + “Well, and what news does it bring—good or bad?” + + “What is there of good to be expected?” said he, taking the + letter from his pocket. “But perhaps you would like to read it.” + + Elizabeth impatiently caught it from his hand. Jane now came up. + + “Read it aloud,” said their father, “for I hardly know myself + what it is about.” + + “Gracechurch Street, _Monday, August_ 2. + + “My dear Brother, + “At last I am able to send you some tidings of my niece, and such + as, upon the whole, I hope it will give you satisfaction. Soon + after you left me on Saturday, I was fortunate enough to find out + in what part of London they were. The particulars I reserve till + we meet; it is enough to know they are discovered. I have seen + them both—” + “Then it is as I always hoped,” cried Jane; “they are + married!” + + Elizabeth read on: + + “I have seen them both. They are not married, nor can I find + there was any intention of being so; but if you are willing to + perform the engagements which I have ventured to make on your + side, I hope it will not be long before they are. All that is + required of you is, to assure to your daughter, by settlement, + her equal share of the five thousand pounds secured among your + children after the decease of yourself and my sister; and, + moreover, to enter into an engagement of allowing her, during + your life, one hundred pounds per annum. These are conditions + which, considering everything, I had no hesitation in complying + with, as far as I thought myself privileged, for you. I shall + send this by express, that no time may be lost in bringing me + your answer. You will easily comprehend, from these particulars, + that Mr. Wickham’s circumstances are not so hopeless as they are + generally believed to be. The world has been deceived in that + respect; and I am happy to say there will be some little money, + even when all his debts are discharged, to settle on my niece, in + addition to her own fortune. If, as I conclude will be the case, + you send me full powers to act in your name throughout the whole + of this business, I will immediately give directions to + Haggerston for preparing a proper settlement. There will not be + the smallest occasion for your coming to town again; therefore + stay quiet at Longbourn, and depend on my diligence and care. + Send back your answer as fast as you can, and be careful to write + explicitly. We have judged it best that my niece should be + married from this house, of which I hope you will approve. She + comes to us to-day. I shall write again as soon as anything more + is determined on. Yours, etc., + + “EDW. GARDINER.” + + “Is it possible?” cried Elizabeth, when she had finished. “Can it + be possible that he will marry her?” + + “Wickham is not so undeserving, then, as we thought him,” said + her sister. “My dear father, I congratulate you.” + + “And have you answered the letter?” cried Elizabeth. + + “No; but it must be done soon.” + + Most earnestly did she then entreat him to lose no more time + before he wrote. + + “Oh! my dear father,” she cried, “come back and write + immediately. Consider how important every moment is in such a + case.” + + “Let me write for you,” said Jane, “if you dislike the trouble + yourself.” + + “I dislike it very much,” he replied; “but it must be done.” + + And so saying, he turned back with them, and walked towards the + house. + + “And may I ask—” said Elizabeth; “but the terms, I suppose, must + be complied with.” + + “Complied with! I am only ashamed of his asking so little.” + + “And they _must_ marry! Yet he is _such_ a man!” + + “Yes, yes, they must marry. There is nothing else to be done. But + there are two things that I want very much to know; one is, how + much money your uncle has laid down to bring it about; and the + other, how am I ever to pay him.” + + “Money! My uncle!” cried Jane, “what do you mean, sir?” + + “I mean, that no man in his senses would marry Lydia on so slight + a temptation as one hundred a year during my life, and fifty + after I am gone.” + + “That is very true,” said Elizabeth; “though it had not occurred + to me before. His debts to be discharged, and something still to + remain! Oh! it must be my uncle’s doings! Generous, good man, I + am afraid he has distressed himself. A small sum could not do all + this.” + + “No,” said her father; “Wickham’s a fool if he takes her with a + farthing less than ten thousand pounds. I should be sorry to + think so ill of him, in the very beginning of our relationship.” + + “Ten thousand pounds! Heaven forbid! How is half such a sum to be + repaid?” + + Mr. Bennet made no answer, and each of them, deep in thought, + continued silent till they reached the house. Their father then + went on to the library to write, and the girls walked into the + breakfast-room. + + “And they are really to be married!” cried Elizabeth, as soon as + they were by themselves. “How strange this is! And for _this_ we + are to be thankful. That they should marry, small as is their + chance of happiness, and wretched as is his character, we are + forced to rejoice. Oh, Lydia!” + + “I comfort myself with thinking,” replied Jane, “that he + certainly would not marry Lydia if he had not a real regard for + her. Though our kind uncle has done something towards clearing + him, I cannot believe that ten thousand pounds, or anything like + it, has been advanced. He has children of his own, and may have + more. How could he spare half ten thousand pounds?” + + “If he were ever able to learn what Wickham’s debts have been,” + said Elizabeth, “and how much is settled on his side on our + sister, we shall exactly know what Mr. Gardiner has done for + them, because Wickham has not sixpence of his own. The kindness + of my uncle and aunt can never be requited. Their taking her + home, and affording her their personal protection and + countenance, is such a sacrifice to her advantage as years of + gratitude cannot enough acknowledge. By this time she is actually + with them! If such goodness does not make her miserable now, she + will never deserve to be happy! What a meeting for her, when she + first sees my aunt!” + + “We must endeavour to forget all that has passed on either side,” + said Jane: “I hope and trust they will yet be happy. His + consenting to marry her is a proof, I will believe, that he is + come to a right way of thinking. Their mutual affection will + steady them; and I flatter myself they will settle so quietly, + and live in so rational a manner, as may in time make their past + imprudence forgotten.” + + “Their conduct has been such,” replied Elizabeth, “as neither + you, nor I, nor anybody can ever forget. It is useless to talk of + it.” + + It now occurred to the girls that their mother was in all + likelihood perfectly ignorant of what had happened. They went to + the library, therefore, and asked their father whether he would + not wish them to make it known to her. He was writing and, + without raising his head, coolly replied: + + “Just as you please.” + + “May we take my uncle’s letter to read to her?” + + “Take whatever you like, and get away.” + + Elizabeth took the letter from his writing-table, and they went + up stairs together. Mary and Kitty were both with Mrs. Bennet: + one communication would, therefore, do for all. After a slight + preparation for good news, the letter was read aloud. Mrs. Bennet + could hardly contain herself. As soon as Jane had read Mr. + Gardiner’s hope of Lydia’s being soon married, her joy burst + forth, and every following sentence added to its exuberance. She + was now in an irritation as violent from delight, as she had ever + been fidgety from alarm and vexation. To know that her daughter + would be married was enough. She was disturbed by no fear for her + felicity, nor humbled by any remembrance of her misconduct. + + “My dear, dear Lydia!” she cried. “This is delightful indeed! She + will be married! I shall see her again! She will be married at + sixteen! My good, kind brother! I knew how it would be. I knew he + would manage everything! How I long to see her! and to see dear + Wickham too! But the clothes, the wedding clothes! I will write + to my sister Gardiner about them directly. Lizzy, my dear, run + down to your father, and ask him how much he will give her. Stay, + stay, I will go myself. Ring the bell, Kitty, for Hill. I will + put on my things in a moment. My dear, dear Lydia! How merry we + shall be together when we meet!” + + Her eldest daughter endeavoured to give some relief to the + violence of these transports, by leading her thoughts to the + obligations which Mr. Gardiner’s behaviour laid them all under. + + “For we must attribute this happy conclusion,” she added, “in a + great measure to his kindness. We are persuaded that he has + pledged himself to assist Mr. Wickham with money.” + + “Well,” cried her mother, “it is all very right; who should do it + but her own uncle? If he had not had a family of his own, I and + my children must have had all his money, you know; and it is the + first time we have ever had anything from him, except a few + presents. Well! I am so happy! In a short time I shall have a + daughter married. Mrs. Wickham! How well it sounds! And she was + only sixteen last June. My dear Jane, I am in such a flutter, + that I am sure I can’t write; so I will dictate, and you write + for me. We will settle with your father about the money + afterwards; but the things should be ordered immediately.” + + She was then proceeding to all the particulars of calico, muslin, + and cambric, and would shortly have dictated some very plentiful + orders, had not Jane, though with some difficulty, persuaded her + to wait till her father was at leisure to be consulted. One day’s + delay, she observed, would be of small importance; and her mother + was too happy to be quite so obstinate as usual. Other schemes, + too, came into her head. + + “I will go to Meryton,” said she, “as soon as I am dressed, and + tell the good, good news to my sister Philips. And as I come + back, I can call on Lady Lucas and Mrs. Long. Kitty, run down and + order the carriage. An airing would do me a great deal of good, I + am sure. Girls, can I do anything for you in Meryton? Oh! Here + comes Hill! My dear Hill, have you heard the good news? Miss + Lydia is going to be married; and you shall all have a bowl of + punch to make merry at her wedding.” + + Mrs. Hill began instantly to express her joy. Elizabeth received + her congratulations amongst the rest, and then, sick of this + folly, took refuge in her own room, that she might think with + freedom. + + Poor Lydia’s situation must, at best, be bad enough; but that it + was no worse, she had need to be thankful. She felt it so; and + though, in looking forward, neither rational happiness nor + worldly prosperity could be justly expected for her sister, in + looking back to what they had feared, only two hours ago, she + felt all the advantages of what they had gained. + + + + + Chapter 50 + + Mr. Bennet had very often wished before this period of his life + that, instead of spending his whole income, he had laid by an + annual sum for the better provision of his children, and of his + wife, if she survived him. He now wished it more than ever. Had + he done his duty in that respect, Lydia need not have been + indebted to her uncle for whatever of honour or credit could now + be purchased for her. The satisfaction of prevailing on one of + the most worthless young men in Great Britain to be her husband + might then have rested in its proper place. + + He was seriously concerned that a cause of so little advantage to + anyone should be forwarded at the sole expense of his + brother-in-law, and he was determined, if possible, to find out + the extent of his assistance, and to discharge the obligation as + soon as he could. + + When first Mr. Bennet had married, economy was held to be + perfectly useless, for, of course, they were to have a son. The + son was to join in cutting off the entail, as soon as he should + be of age, and the widow and younger children would by that means + be provided for. Five daughters successively entered the world, + but yet the son was to come; and Mrs. Bennet, for many years + after Lydia’s birth, had been certain that he would. This event + had at last been despaired of, but it was then too late to be + saving. Mrs. Bennet had no turn for economy, and her husband’s + love of independence had alone prevented their exceeding their + income. + + Five thousand pounds was settled by marriage articles on Mrs. + Bennet and the children. But in what proportions it should be + divided amongst the latter depended on the will of the parents. + This was one point, with regard to Lydia, at least, which was now + to be settled, and Mr. Bennet could have no hesitation in + acceding to the proposal before him. In terms of grateful + acknowledgment for the kindness of his brother, though expressed + most concisely, he then delivered on paper his perfect + approbation of all that was done, and his willingness to fulfil + the engagements that had been made for him. He had never before + supposed that, could Wickham be prevailed on to marry his + daughter, it would be done with so little inconvenience to + himself as by the present arrangement. He would scarcely be ten + pounds a year the loser by the hundred that was to be paid them; + for, what with her board and pocket allowance, and the continual + presents in money which passed to her through her mother’s hands, + Lydia’s expenses had been very little within that sum. + + That it would be done with such trifling exertion on his side, + too, was another very welcome surprise; for his wish at present + was to have as little trouble in the business as possible. When + the first transports of rage which had produced his activity in + seeking her were over, he naturally returned to all his former + indolence. His letter was soon dispatched; for, though dilatory + in undertaking business, he was quick in its execution. He begged + to know further particulars of what he was indebted to his + brother, but was too angry with Lydia to send any message to her. + + The good news spread quickly through the house, and with + proportionate speed through the neighbourhood. It was borne in + the latter with decent philosophy. To be sure, it would have been + more for the advantage of conversation had Miss Lydia Bennet come + upon the town; or, as the happiest alternative, been secluded + from the world, in some distant farmhouse. But there was much to + be talked of in marrying her; and the good-natured wishes for her + well-doing which had proceeded before from all the spiteful old + ladies in Meryton lost but a little of their spirit in this + change of circumstances, because with such an husband her misery + was considered certain. + + It was a fortnight since Mrs. Bennet had been downstairs; but on + this happy day she again took her seat at the head of her table, + and in spirits oppressively high. No sentiment of shame gave a + damp to her triumph. The marriage of a daughter, which had been + the first object of her wishes since Jane was sixteen, was now on + the point of accomplishment, and her thoughts and her words ran + wholly on those attendants of elegant nuptials, fine muslins, new + carriages, and servants. She was busily searching through the + neighbourhood for a proper situation for her daughter, and, + without knowing or considering what their income might be, + rejected many as deficient in size and importance. + + “Haye Park might do,” said she, “if the Gouldings could quit + it—or the great house at Stoke, if the drawing-room were larger; + but Ashworth is too far off! I could not bear to have her ten + miles from me; and as for Pulvis Lodge, the attics are dreadful.” + + Her husband allowed her to talk on without interruption while the + servants remained. But when they had withdrawn, he said to her: + “Mrs. Bennet, before you take any or all of these houses for your + son and daughter, let us come to a right understanding. Into + _one_ house in this neighbourhood they shall never have + admittance. I will not encourage the impudence of either, by + receiving them at Longbourn.” + + A long dispute followed this declaration; but Mr. Bennet was + firm. It soon led to another; and Mrs. Bennet found, with + amazement and horror, that her husband would not advance a guinea + to buy clothes for his daughter. He protested that she should + receive from him no mark of affection whatever on the occasion. + Mrs. Bennet could hardly comprehend it. That his anger could be + carried to such a point of inconceivable resentment as to refuse + his daughter a privilege without which her marriage would + scarcely seem valid, exceeded all she could believe possible. She + was more alive to the disgrace which her want of new clothes must + reflect on her daughter’s nuptials, than to any sense of shame at + her eloping and living with Wickham a fortnight before they took + place. + + Elizabeth was now most heartily sorry that she had, from the + distress of the moment, been led to make Mr. Darcy acquainted + with their fears for her sister; for since her marriage would so + shortly give the proper termination to the elopement, they might + hope to conceal its unfavourable beginning from all those who + were not immediately on the spot. + + She had no fear of its spreading farther through his means. There + were few people on whose secrecy she would have more confidently + depended; but, at the same time, there was no one whose knowledge + of a sister’s frailty would have mortified her so much—not, + however, from any fear of disadvantage from it individually to + herself, for, at any rate, there seemed a gulf impassable between + them. Had Lydia’s marriage been concluded on the most honourable + terms, it was not to be supposed that Mr. Darcy would connect + himself with a family where, to every other objection, would now + be added an alliance and relationship of the nearest kind with a + man whom he so justly scorned. + + From such a connection she could not wonder that he would shrink. + The wish of procuring her regard, which she had assured herself + of his feeling in Derbyshire, could not in rational expectation + survive such a blow as this. She was humbled, she was grieved; + she repented, though she hardly knew of what. She became jealous + of his esteem, when she could no longer hope to be benefited by + it. She wanted to hear of him, when there seemed the least chance + of gaining intelligence. She was convinced that she could have + been happy with him, when it was no longer likely they should + meet. + + What a triumph for him, as she often thought, could he know that + the proposals which she had proudly spurned only four months ago, + would now have been most gladly and gratefully received! He was + as generous, she doubted not, as the most generous of his sex; + but while he was mortal, there must be a triumph. + + She began now to comprehend that he was exactly the man who, in + disposition and talents, would most suit her. His understanding + and temper, though unlike her own, would have answered all her + wishes. It was an union that must have been to the advantage of + both; by her ease and liveliness, his mind might have been + softened, his manners improved; and from his judgement, + information, and knowledge of the world, she must have received + benefit of greater importance. + + But no such happy marriage could now teach the admiring multitude + what connubial felicity really was. An union of a different + tendency, and precluding the possibility of the other, was soon + to be formed in their family. + + How Wickham and Lydia were to be supported in tolerable + independence, she could not imagine. But how little of permanent + happiness could belong to a couple who were only brought together + because their passions were stronger than their virtue, she could + easily conjecture. + + Mr. Gardiner soon wrote again to his brother. To Mr. Bennet’s + acknowledgments he briefly replied, with assurance of his + eagerness to promote the welfare of any of his family; and + concluded with entreaties that the subject might never be + mentioned to him again. The principal purport of his letter was + to inform them that Mr. Wickham had resolved on quitting the + militia. + + “It was greatly my wish that he should do so,” he added, “as soon + as his marriage was fixed on. And I think you will agree with me, + in considering the removal from that corps as highly advisable, + both on his account and my niece’s. It is Mr. Wickham’s intention + to go into the regulars; and among his former friends, there are + still some who are able and willing to assist him in the army. He + has the promise of an ensigncy in General ——’s regiment, now + quartered in the North. It is an advantage to have it so far from + this part of the kingdom. He promises fairly; and I hope among + different people, where they may each have a character to + preserve, they will both be more prudent. I have written to + Colonel Forster, to inform him of our present arrangements, and + to request that he will satisfy the various creditors of Mr. + Wickham in and near Brighton, with assurances of speedy payment, + for which I have pledged myself. And will you give yourself the + trouble of carrying similar assurances to his creditors in + Meryton, of whom I shall subjoin a list according to his + information? He has given in all his debts; I hope at least he + has not deceived us. Haggerston has our directions, and all will + be completed in a week. They will then join his regiment, unless + they are first invited to Longbourn; and I understand from Mrs. + Gardiner, that my niece is very desirous of seeing you all before + she leaves the South. She is well, and begs to be dutifully + remembered to you and her mother.—Yours, etc., + + “E. GARDINER.” + + Mr. Bennet and his daughters saw all the advantages of Wickham’s + removal from the ——shire as clearly as Mr. Gardiner could do. But + Mrs. Bennet was not so well pleased with it. Lydia’s being + settled in the North, just when she had expected most pleasure + and pride in her company, for she had by no means given up her + plan of their residing in Hertfordshire, was a severe + disappointment; and, besides, it was such a pity that Lydia + should be taken from a regiment where she was acquainted with + everybody, and had so many favourites. + + “She is so fond of Mrs. Forster,” said she, “it will be quite + shocking to send her away! And there are several of the young + men, too, that she likes very much. The officers may not be so + pleasant in General ——’s regiment.” + + His daughter’s request, for such it might be considered, of being + admitted into her family again before she set off for the North, + received at first an absolute negative. But Jane and Elizabeth, + who agreed in wishing, for the sake of their sister’s feelings + and consequence, that she should be noticed on her marriage by + her parents, urged him so earnestly yet so rationally and so + mildly, to receive her and her husband at Longbourn, as soon as + they were married, that he was prevailed on to think as they + thought, and act as they wished. And their mother had the + satisfaction of knowing that she would be able to show her + married daughter in the neighbourhood before she was banished to + the North. When Mr. Bennet wrote again to his brother, therefore, + he sent his permission for them to come; and it was settled, that + as soon as the ceremony was over, they should proceed to + Longbourn. Elizabeth was surprised, however, that Wickham should + consent to such a scheme, and had she consulted only her own + inclination, any meeting with him would have been the last object + of her wishes. + + + + + Chapter 51 + + Their sister’s wedding day arrived; and Jane and Elizabeth felt + for her probably more than she felt for herself. The carriage was + sent to meet them at ——, and they were to return in it by + dinner-time. Their arrival was dreaded by the elder Miss Bennets, + and Jane more especially, who gave Lydia the feelings which would + have attended herself, had _she_ been the culprit, and was + wretched in the thought of what her sister must endure. + + They came. The family were assembled in the breakfast room to + receive them. Smiles decked the face of Mrs. Bennet as the + carriage drove up to the door; her husband looked impenetrably + grave; her daughters, alarmed, anxious, uneasy. + + Lydia’s voice was heard in the vestibule; the door was thrown + open, and she ran into the room. Her mother stepped forwards, + embraced her, and welcomed her with rapture; gave her hand, with + an affectionate smile, to Wickham, who followed his lady; and + wished them both joy with an alacrity which shewed no doubt of + their happiness. + + Their reception from Mr. Bennet, to whom they then turned, was + not quite so cordial. His countenance rather gained in austerity; + and he scarcely opened his lips. The easy assurance of the young + couple, indeed, was enough to provoke him. Elizabeth was + disgusted, and even Miss Bennet was shocked. Lydia was Lydia + still; untamed, unabashed, wild, noisy, and fearless. She turned + from sister to sister, demanding their congratulations; and when + at length they all sat down, looked eagerly round the room, took + notice of some little alteration in it, and observed, with a + laugh, that it was a great while since she had been there. + + Wickham was not at all more distressed than herself, but his + manners were always so pleasing, that had his character and his + marriage been exactly what they ought, his smiles and his easy + address, while he claimed their relationship, would have + delighted them all. Elizabeth had not before believed him quite + equal to such assurance; but she sat down, resolving within + herself to draw no limits in future to the impudence of an + impudent man. _She_ blushed, and Jane blushed; but the cheeks of + the two who caused their confusion suffered no variation of + colour. + + There was no want of discourse. The bride and her mother could + neither of them talk fast enough; and Wickham, who happened to + sit near Elizabeth, began inquiring after his acquaintance in + that neighbourhood, with a good humoured ease which she felt very + unable to equal in her replies. They seemed each of them to have + the happiest memories in the world. Nothing of the past was + recollected with pain; and Lydia led voluntarily to subjects + which her sisters would not have alluded to for the world. + + “Only think of its being three months,” she cried, “since I went + away; it seems but a fortnight I declare; and yet there have been + things enough happened in the time. Good gracious! when I went + away, I am sure I had no more idea of being married till I came + back again! though I thought it would be very good fun if I was.” + + Her father lifted up his eyes. Jane was distressed. Elizabeth + looked expressively at Lydia; but she, who never heard nor saw + anything of which she chose to be insensible, gaily continued, + “Oh! mamma, do the people hereabouts know I am married to-day? I + was afraid they might not; and we overtook William Goulding in + his curricle, so I was determined he should know it, and so I let + down the side-glass next to him, and took off my glove, and let + my hand just rest upon the window frame, so that he might see the + ring, and then I bowed and smiled like anything.” + + Elizabeth could bear it no longer. She got up, and ran out of the + room; and returned no more, till she heard them passing through + the hall to the dining parlour. She then joined them soon enough + to see Lydia, with anxious parade, walk up to her mother’s right + hand, and hear her say to her eldest sister, “Ah! Jane, I take + your place now, and you must go lower, because I am a married + woman.” + + It was not to be supposed that time would give Lydia that + embarrassment from which she had been so wholly free at first. + Her ease and good spirits increased. She longed to see Mrs. + Phillips, the Lucases, and all their other neighbours, and to + hear herself called “Mrs. Wickham” by each of them; and in the + mean time, she went after dinner to show her ring, and boast of + being married, to Mrs. Hill and the two housemaids. + + “Well, mamma,” said she, when they were all returned to the + breakfast room, “and what do you think of my husband? Is not he a + charming man? I am sure my sisters must all envy me. I only hope + they may have half my good luck. They must all go to Brighton. + That is the place to get husbands. What a pity it is, mamma, we + did not all go.” + + “Very true; and if I had my will, we should. But my dear Lydia, I + don’t at all like your going such a way off. Must it be so?” + + “Oh, lord! yes;—there is nothing in that. I shall like it of all + things. You and papa, and my sisters, must come down and see us. + We shall be at Newcastle all the winter, and I dare say there + will be some balls, and I will take care to get good partners for + them all.” + + “I should like it beyond anything!” said her mother. + + “And then when you go away, you may leave one or two of my + sisters behind you; and I dare say I shall get husbands for them + before the winter is over.” + + “I thank you for my share of the favour,” said Elizabeth; “but I + do not particularly like your way of getting husbands.” + + Their visitors were not to remain above ten days with them. Mr. + Wickham had received his commission before he left London, and he + was to join his regiment at the end of a fortnight. + + No one but Mrs. Bennet regretted that their stay would be so + short; and she made the most of the time by visiting about with + her daughter, and having very frequent parties at home. These + parties were acceptable to all; to avoid a family circle was even + more desirable to such as did think, than such as did not. + + Wickham’s affection for Lydia was just what Elizabeth had + expected to find it; not equal to Lydia’s for him. She had + scarcely needed her present observation to be satisfied, from the + reason of things, that their elopement had been brought on by the + strength of her love, rather than by his; and she would have + wondered why, without violently caring for her, he chose to elope + with her at all, had she not felt certain that his flight was + rendered necessary by distress of circumstances; and if that were + the case, he was not the young man to resist an opportunity of + having a companion. + + Lydia was exceedingly fond of him. He was her dear Wickham on + every occasion; no one was to be put in competition with him. He + did every thing best in the world; and she was sure he would kill + more birds on the first of September, than any body else in the + country. + + One morning, soon after their arrival, as she was sitting with + her two elder sisters, she said to Elizabeth: + + “Lizzy, I never gave _you_ an account of my wedding, I believe. + You were not by, when I told mamma and the others all about it. + Are not you curious to hear how it was managed?” + + “No really,” replied Elizabeth; “I think there cannot be too + little said on the subject.” + + “La! You are so strange! But I must tell you how it went off. We + were married, you know, at St. Clement’s, because Wickham’s + lodgings were in that parish. And it was settled that we should + all be there by eleven o’clock. My uncle and aunt and I were to + go together; and the others were to meet us at the church. Well, + Monday morning came, and I was in such a fuss! I was so afraid, + you know, that something would happen to put it off, and then I + should have gone quite distracted. And there was my aunt, all the + time I was dressing, preaching and talking away just as if she + was reading a sermon. However, I did not hear above one word in + ten, for I was thinking, you may suppose, of my dear Wickham. I + longed to know whether he would be married in his blue coat.” + + “Well, and so we breakfasted at ten as usual; I thought it would + never be over; for, by the bye, you are to understand, that my + uncle and aunt were horrid unpleasant all the time I was with + them. If you’ll believe me, I did not once put my foot out of + doors, though I was there a fortnight. Not one party, or scheme, + or anything. To be sure London was rather thin, but, however, the + Little Theatre was open. Well, and so just as the carriage came + to the door, my uncle was called away upon business to that + horrid man Mr. Stone. And then, you know, when once they get + together, there is no end of it. Well, I was so frightened I did + not know what to do, for my uncle was to give me away; and if we + were beyond the hour, we could not be married all day. But, + luckily, he came back again in ten minutes’ time, and then we all + set out. However, I recollected afterwards that if he _had_ been + prevented going, the wedding need not be put off, for Mr. Darcy + might have done as well.” + + “Mr. Darcy!” repeated Elizabeth, in utter amazement. + + “Oh, yes!—he was to come there with Wickham, you know. But + gracious me! I quite forgot! I ought not to have said a word + about it. I promised them so faithfully! What will Wickham say? + It was to be such a secret!” + + “If it was to be secret,” said Jane, “say not another word on the + subject. You may depend upon my seeking no further.” + + “Oh! certainly,” said Elizabeth, though burning with curiosity; + “we will ask you no questions.” + + “Thank you,” said Lydia, “for if you did, I should certainly tell + you all, and then Wickham would be angry.” + + On such encouragement to ask, Elizabeth was forced to put it out + of her power, by running away. + + But to live in ignorance on such a point was impossible; or at + least it was impossible not to try for information. Mr. Darcy had + been at her sister’s wedding. It was exactly a scene, and exactly + among people, where he had apparently least to do, and least + temptation to go. Conjectures as to the meaning of it, rapid and + wild, hurried into her brain; but she was satisfied with none. + Those that best pleased her, as placing his conduct in the + noblest light, seemed most improbable. She could not bear such + suspense; and hastily seizing a sheet of paper, wrote a short + letter to her aunt, to request an explanation of what Lydia had + dropt, if it were compatible with the secrecy which had been + intended. + + “You may readily comprehend,” she added, “what my curiosity must + be to know how a person unconnected with any of us, and + (comparatively speaking) a stranger to our family, should have + been amongst you at such a time. Pray write instantly, and let me + understand it—unless it is, for very cogent reasons, to remain in + the secrecy which Lydia seems to think necessary; and then I must + endeavour to be satisfied with ignorance.” + + “Not that I _shall_, though,” she added to herself, as she + finished the letter; “and my dear aunt, if you do not tell me in + an honourable manner, I shall certainly be reduced to tricks and + stratagems to find it out.” + + Jane’s delicate sense of honour would not allow her to speak to + Elizabeth privately of what Lydia had let fall; Elizabeth was + glad of it;—till it appeared whether her inquiries would receive + any satisfaction, she had rather be without a confidante. + + + + + Chapter 52 + + Elizabeth had the satisfaction of receiving an answer to her + letter as soon as she possibly could. She was no sooner in + possession of it than, hurrying into the little copse, where she + was least likely to be interrupted, she sat down on one of the + benches and prepared to be happy; for the length of the letter + convinced her that it did not contain a denial. + + “Gracechurch Street, _Sept_. 6. + + “My dear Niece, + + “I have just received your letter, and shall devote this whole + morning to answering it, as I foresee that a _little_ writing + will not comprise what I have to tell you. I must confess myself + surprised by your application; I did not expect it from _you_. + Don’t think me angry, however, for I only mean to let you know + that I had not imagined such inquiries to be necessary on _your_ + side. If you do not choose to understand me, forgive my + impertinence. Your uncle is as much surprised as I am—and nothing + but the belief of your being a party concerned would have allowed + him to act as he has done. But if you are really innocent and + ignorant, I must be more explicit. + + “On the very day of my coming home from Longbourn, your uncle had + a most unexpected visitor. Mr. Darcy called, and was shut up with + him several hours. It was all over before I arrived; so my + curiosity was not so dreadfully racked as _yours_ seems to have + been. He came to tell Mr. Gardiner that he had found out where + your sister and Mr. Wickham were, and that he had seen and talked + with them both; Wickham repeatedly, Lydia once. From what I can + collect, he left Derbyshire only one day after ourselves, and + came to town with the resolution of hunting for them. The motive + professed was his conviction of its being owing to himself that + Wickham’s worthlessness had not been so well known as to make it + impossible for any young woman of character to love or confide in + him. He generously imputed the whole to his mistaken pride, and + confessed that he had before thought it beneath him to lay his + private actions open to the world. His character was to speak for + itself. He called it, therefore, his duty to step forward, and + endeavour to remedy an evil which had been brought on by himself. + If he _had another_ motive, I am sure it would never disgrace + him. He had been some days in town, before he was able to + discover them; but he had something to direct his search, which + was more than _we_ had; and the consciousness of this was another + reason for his resolving to follow us. + + “There is a lady, it seems, a Mrs. Younge, who was some time ago + governess to Miss Darcy, and was dismissed from her charge on + some cause of disapprobation, though he did not say what. She + then took a large house in Edward-street, and has since + maintained herself by letting lodgings. This Mrs. Younge was, he + knew, intimately acquainted with Wickham; and he went to her for + intelligence of him as soon as he got to town. But it was two or + three days before he could get from her what he wanted. She would + not betray her trust, I suppose, without bribery and corruption, + for she really did know where her friend was to be found. Wickham + indeed had gone to her on their first arrival in London, and had + she been able to receive them into her house, they would have + taken up their abode with her. At length, however, our kind + friend procured the wished-for direction. They were in —— street. + He saw Wickham, and afterwards insisted on seeing Lydia. His + first object with her, he acknowledged, had been to persuade her + to quit her present disgraceful situation, and return to her + friends as soon as they could be prevailed on to receive her, + offering his assistance, as far as it would go. But he found + Lydia absolutely resolved on remaining where she was. She cared + for none of her friends; she wanted no help of his; she would not + hear of leaving Wickham. She was sure they should be married some + time or other, and it did not much signify when. Since such were + her feelings, it only remained, he thought, to secure and + expedite a marriage, which, in his very first conversation with + Wickham, he easily learnt had never been _his_ design. He + confessed himself obliged to leave the regiment, on account of + some debts of honour, which were very pressing; and scrupled not + to lay all the ill-consequences of Lydia’s flight on her own + folly alone. He meant to resign his commission immediately; and + as to his future situation, he could conjecture very little about + it. He must go somewhere, but he did not know where, and he knew + he should have nothing to live on. + + “Mr. Darcy asked him why he had not married your sister at once. + Though Mr. Bennet was not imagined to be very rich, he would have + been able to do something for him, and his situation must have + been benefited by marriage. But he found, in reply to this + question, that Wickham still cherished the hope of more + effectually making his fortune by marriage in some other country. + Under such circumstances, however, he was not likely to be proof + against the temptation of immediate relief. + + “They met several times, for there was much to be discussed. + Wickham of course wanted more than he could get; but at length + was reduced to be reasonable. + + “Everything being settled between _them_, Mr. Darcy’s next step + was to make your uncle acquainted with it, and he first called in + Gracechurch street the evening before I came home. But Mr. + Gardiner could not be seen, and Mr. Darcy found, on further + inquiry, that your father was still with him, but would quit town + the next morning. He did not judge your father to be a person + whom he could so properly consult as your uncle, and therefore + readily postponed seeing him till after the departure of the + former. He did not leave his name, and till the next day it was + only known that a gentleman had called on business. + + “On Saturday he came again. Your father was gone, your uncle at + home, and, as I said before, they had a great deal of talk + together. + + “They met again on Sunday, and then _I_ saw him too. It was not + all settled before Monday: as soon as it was, the express was + sent off to Longbourn. But our visitor was very obstinate. I + fancy, Lizzy, that obstinacy is the real defect of his character, + after all. He has been accused of many faults at different times, + but _this_ is the true one. Nothing was to be done that he did + not do himself; though I am sure (and I do not speak it to be + thanked, therefore say nothing about it), your uncle would most + readily have settled the whole. + + “They battled it together for a long time, which was more than + either the gentleman or lady concerned in it deserved. But at + last your uncle was forced to yield, and instead of being allowed + to be of use to his niece, was forced to put up with only having + the probable credit of it, which went sorely against the grain; + and I really believe your letter this morning gave him great + pleasure, because it required an explanation that would rob him + of his borrowed feathers, and give the praise where it was due. + But, Lizzy, this must go no farther than yourself, or Jane at + most. + + “You know pretty well, I suppose, what has been done for the + young people. His debts are to be paid, amounting, I believe, to + considerably more than a thousand pounds, another thousand in + addition to her own settled upon _her_, and his commission + purchased. The reason why all this was to be done by him alone, + was such as I have given above. It was owing to him, to his + reserve and want of proper consideration, that Wickham’s + character had been so misunderstood, and consequently that he had + been received and noticed as he was. Perhaps there was some truth + in _this_; though I doubt whether _his_ reserve, or _anybody’s_ + reserve, can be answerable for the event. But in spite of all + this fine talking, my dear Lizzy, you may rest perfectly assured + that your uncle would never have yielded, if we had not given him + credit for _another interest_ in the affair. + + “When all this was resolved on, he returned again to his friends, + who were still staying at Pemberley; but it was agreed that he + should be in London once more when the wedding took place, and + all money matters were then to receive the last finish. + + “I believe I have now told you every thing. It is a relation + which you tell me is to give you great surprise; I hope at least + it will not afford you any displeasure. Lydia came to us; and + Wickham had constant admission to the house. _He_ was exactly + what he had been, when I knew him in Hertfordshire; but I would + not tell you how little I was satisfied with _her_ behaviour + while she staid with us, if I had not perceived, by Jane’s letter + last Wednesday, that her conduct on coming home was exactly of a + piece with it, and therefore what I now tell you can give you no + fresh pain. I talked to her repeatedly in the most serious + manner, representing to her all the wickedness of what she had + done, and all the unhappiness she had brought on her family. If + she heard me, it was by good luck, for I am sure she did not + listen. I was sometimes quite provoked, but then I recollected my + dear Elizabeth and Jane, and for their sakes had patience with + her. + + “Mr. Darcy was punctual in his return, and as Lydia informed you, + attended the wedding. He dined with us the next day, and was to + leave town again on Wednesday or Thursday. Will you be very angry + with me, my dear Lizzy, if I take this opportunity of saying + (what I was never bold enough to say before) how much I like him. + His behaviour to us has, in every respect, been as pleasing as + when we were in Derbyshire. His understanding and opinions all + please me; he wants nothing but a little more liveliness, and + _that_, if he marry _prudently_, his wife may teach him. I + thought him very sly;—he hardly ever mentioned your name. But + slyness seems the fashion. + + “Pray forgive me if I have been very presuming, or at least do + not punish me so far as to exclude me from P. I shall never be + quite happy till I have been all round the park. A low phaeton, + with a nice little pair of ponies, would be the very thing. + + “But I must write no more. The children have been wanting me this + half hour. + + “Yours, very sincerely, + “M. GARDINER.” + + The contents of this letter threw Elizabeth into a flutter of + spirits, in which it was difficult to determine whether pleasure + or pain bore the greatest share. The vague and unsettled + suspicions which uncertainty had produced of what Mr. Darcy might + have been doing to forward her sister’s match, which she had + feared to encourage as an exertion of goodness too great to be + probable, and at the same time dreaded to be just, from the pain + of obligation, were proved beyond their greatest extent to be + true! He had followed them purposely to town, he had taken on + himself all the trouble and mortification attendant on such a + research; in which supplication had been necessary to a woman + whom he must abominate and despise, and where he was reduced to + meet, frequently meet, reason with, persuade, and finally bribe, + the man whom he always most wished to avoid, and whose very name + it was punishment to him to pronounce. He had done all this for a + girl whom he could neither regard nor esteem. Her heart did + whisper that he had done it for her. But it was a hope shortly + checked by other considerations, and she soon felt that even her + vanity was insufficient, when required to depend on his affection + for her—for a woman who had already refused him—as able to + overcome a sentiment so natural as abhorrence against + relationship with Wickham. Brother-in-law of Wickham! Every kind + of pride must revolt from the connection. He had, to be sure, + done much. She was ashamed to think how much. But he had given a + reason for his interference, which asked no extraordinary stretch + of belief. It was reasonable that he should feel he had been + wrong; he had liberality, and he had the means of exercising it; + and though she would not place herself as his principal + inducement, she could, perhaps, believe that remaining partiality + for her might assist his endeavours in a cause where her peace of + mind must be materially concerned. It was painful, exceedingly + painful, to know that they were under obligations to a person who + could never receive a return. They owed the restoration of Lydia, + her character, every thing, to him. Oh! how heartily did she + grieve over every ungracious sensation she had ever encouraged, + every saucy speech she had ever directed towards him. For herself + she was humbled; but she was proud of him. Proud that in a cause + of compassion and honour, he had been able to get the better of + himself. She read over her aunt’s commendation of him again and + again. It was hardly enough; but it pleased her. She was even + sensible of some pleasure, though mixed with regret, on finding + how steadfastly both she and her uncle had been persuaded that + affection and confidence subsisted between Mr. Darcy and herself. + + She was roused from her seat, and her reflections, by some one’s + approach; and before she could strike into another path, she was + overtaken by Wickham. + + “I am afraid I interrupt your solitary ramble, my dear sister?” + said he, as he joined her. + + “You certainly do,” she replied with a smile; “but it does not + follow that the interruption must be unwelcome.” + + “I should be sorry indeed, if it were. _We_ were always good + friends; and now we are better.” + + “True. Are the others coming out?” + + “I do not know. Mrs. Bennet and Lydia are going in the carriage + to Meryton. And so, my dear sister, I find, from our uncle and + aunt, that you have actually seen Pemberley.” + + She replied in the affirmative. + + “I almost envy you the pleasure, and yet I believe it would be + too much for me, or else I could take it in my way to Newcastle. + And you saw the old housekeeper, I suppose? Poor Reynolds, she + was always very fond of me. But of course she did not mention my + name to you.” + + “Yes, she did.” + + “And what did she say?” + + “That you were gone into the army, and she was afraid had—not + turned out well. At such a distance as _that_, you know, things + are strangely misrepresented.” + + “Certainly,” he replied, biting his lips. Elizabeth hoped she had + silenced him; but he soon afterwards said: + + “I was surprised to see Darcy in town last month. We passed each + other several times. I wonder what he can be doing there.” + + “Perhaps preparing for his marriage with Miss de Bourgh,” said + Elizabeth. “It must be something particular, to take him there at + this time of year.” + + “Undoubtedly. Did you see him while you were at Lambton? I + thought I understood from the Gardiners that you had.” + + “Yes; he introduced us to his sister.” + + “And do you like her?” + + “Very much.” + + “I have heard, indeed, that she is uncommonly improved within + this year or two. When I last saw her, she was not very + promising. I am very glad you liked her. I hope she will turn out + well.” + + “I dare say she will; she has got over the most trying age.” + + “Did you go by the village of Kympton?” + + “I do not recollect that we did.” + + “I mention it, because it is the living which I ought to have + had. A most delightful place!—Excellent Parsonage House! It would + have suited me in every respect.” + + “How should you have liked making sermons?” + + “Exceedingly well. I should have considered it as part of my + duty, and the exertion would soon have been nothing. One ought + not to repine;—but, to be sure, it would have been such a thing + for me! The quiet, the retirement of such a life would have + answered all my ideas of happiness! But it was not to be. Did you + ever hear Darcy mention the circumstance, when you were in Kent?” + + “I _have_ heard from authority, which I thought _as good_, that + it was left you conditionally only, and at the will of the + present patron.” + + “You have. Yes, there was something in _that_; I told you so from + the first, you may remember.” + + “I _did_ hear, too, that there was a time, when sermon-making was + not so palatable to you as it seems to be at present; that you + actually declared your resolution of never taking orders, and + that the business had been compromised accordingly.” + + “You did! and it was not wholly without foundation. You may + remember what I told you on that point, when first we talked of + it.” + + They were now almost at the door of the house, for she had walked + fast to get rid of him; and unwilling, for her sister’s sake, to + provoke him, she only said in reply, with a good-humoured smile: + + “Come, Mr. Wickham, we are brother and sister, you know. Do not + let us quarrel about the past. In future, I hope we shall be + always of one mind.” + + She held out her hand; he kissed it with affectionate gallantry, + though he hardly knew how to look, and they entered the house. + + + + + Chapter 53 + + Mr. Wickham was so perfectly satisfied with this conversation + that he never again distressed himself, or provoked his dear + sister Elizabeth, by introducing the subject of it; and she was + pleased to find that she had said enough to keep him quiet. + + The day of his and Lydia’s departure soon came, and Mrs. Bennet + was forced to submit to a separation, which, as her husband by no + means entered into her scheme of their all going to Newcastle, + was likely to continue at least a twelvemonth. + + “Oh! my dear Lydia,” she cried, “when shall we meet again?” + + “Oh, lord! I don’t know. Not these two or three years, perhaps.” + + “Write to me very often, my dear.” + + “As often as I can. But you know married women have never much + time for writing. My sisters may write to _me_. They will have + nothing else to do.” + + Mr. Wickham’s adieus were much more affectionate than his wife’s. + He smiled, looked handsome, and said many pretty things. + + “He is as fine a fellow,” said Mr. Bennet, as soon as they were + out of the house, “as ever I saw. He simpers, and smirks, and + makes love to us all. I am prodigiously proud of him. I defy even + Sir William Lucas himself to produce a more valuable son-in-law.” + + The loss of her daughter made Mrs. Bennet very dull for several + days. + + “I often think,” said she, “that there is nothing so bad as + parting with one’s friends. One seems so forlorn without them.” + + “This is the consequence, you see, Madam, of marrying a + daughter,” said Elizabeth. “It must make you better satisfied + that your other four are single.” + + “It is no such thing. Lydia does not leave me because she is + married, but only because her husband’s regiment happens to be so + far off. If that had been nearer, she would not have gone so + soon.” + + But the spiritless condition which this event threw her into was + shortly relieved, and her mind opened again to the agitation of + hope, by an article of news which then began to be in + circulation. The housekeeper at Netherfield had received orders + to prepare for the arrival of her master, who was coming down in + a day or two, to shoot there for several weeks. Mrs. Bennet was + quite in the fidgets. She looked at Jane, and smiled and shook + her head by turns. + + “Well, well, and so Mr. Bingley is coming down, sister,” (for + Mrs. Phillips first brought her the news). “Well, so much the + better. Not that I care about it, though. He is nothing to us, + you know, and I am sure I never want to see him again. But, + however, he is very welcome to come to Netherfield, if he likes + it. And who knows what _may_ happen? But that is nothing to us. + You know, sister, we agreed long ago never to mention a word + about it. And so, is it quite certain he is coming?” + + “You may depend on it,” replied the other, “for Mrs. Nicholls was + in Meryton last night; I saw her passing by, and went out myself + on purpose to know the truth of it; and she told me that it was + certain true. He comes down on Thursday at the latest, very + likely on Wednesday. She was going to the butcher’s, she told me, + on purpose to order in some meat on Wednesday, and she has got + three couple of ducks just fit to be killed.” + + Miss Bennet had not been able to hear of his coming without + changing colour. It was many months since she had mentioned his + name to Elizabeth; but now, as soon as they were alone together, + she said: + + “I saw you look at me to-day, Lizzy, when my aunt told us of the + present report; and I know I appeared distressed. But don’t + imagine it was from any silly cause. I was only confused for the + moment, because I felt that I _should_ be looked at. I do assure + you that the news does not affect me either with pleasure or + pain. I am glad of one thing, that he comes alone; because we + shall see the less of him. Not that I am afraid of _myself_, but + I dread other people’s remarks.” + + Elizabeth did not know what to make of it. Had she not seen him + in Derbyshire, she might have supposed him capable of coming + there with no other view than what was acknowledged; but she + still thought him partial to Jane, and she wavered as to the + greater probability of his coming there _with_ his friend’s + permission, or being bold enough to come without it. + + “Yet it is hard,” she sometimes thought, “that this poor man + cannot come to a house which he has legally hired, without + raising all this speculation! I _will_ leave him to himself.” + + In spite of what her sister declared, and really believed to be + her feelings in the expectation of his arrival, Elizabeth could + easily perceive that her spirits were affected by it. They were + more disturbed, more unequal, than she had often seen them. + + The subject which had been so warmly canvassed between their + parents, about a twelvemonth ago, was now brought forward again. + + “As soon as ever Mr. Bingley comes, my dear,” said Mrs. Bennet, + “you will wait on him of course.” + + “No, no. You forced me into visiting him last year, and promised, + if I went to see him, he should marry one of my daughters. But it + ended in nothing, and I will not be sent on a fool’s errand + again.” + + His wife represented to him how absolutely necessary such an + attention would be from all the neighbouring gentlemen, on his + returning to Netherfield. + + “’Tis an _etiquette_ I despise,” said he. “If he wants our + society, let him seek it. He knows where we live. I will not + spend _my_ hours in running after my neighbours every time they + go away and come back again.” + + “Well, all I know is, that it will be abominably rude if you do + not wait on him. But, however, that shan’t prevent my asking him + to dine here, I am determined. We must have Mrs. Long and the + Gouldings soon. That will make thirteen with ourselves, so there + will be just room at table for him.” + + Consoled by this resolution, she was the better able to bear her + husband’s incivility; though it was very mortifying to know that + her neighbours might all see Mr. Bingley, in consequence of it, + before _they_ did. As the day of his arrival drew near,— + + “I begin to be sorry that he comes at all,” said Jane to her + sister. “It would be nothing; I could see him with perfect + indifference, but I can hardly bear to hear it thus perpetually + talked of. My mother means well; but she does not know, no one + can know, how much I suffer from what she says. Happy shall I be, + when his stay at Netherfield is over!” + + “I wish I could say anything to comfort you,” replied Elizabeth; + “but it is wholly out of my power. You must feel it; and the + usual satisfaction of preaching patience to a sufferer is denied + me, because you have always so much.” + + Mr. Bingley arrived. Mrs. Bennet, through the assistance of + servants, contrived to have the earliest tidings of it, that the + period of anxiety and fretfulness on her side might be as long as + it could. She counted the days that must intervene before their + invitation could be sent; hopeless of seeing him before. But on + the third morning after his arrival in Hertfordshire, she saw + him, from her dressing-room window, enter the paddock and ride + towards the house. + + Her daughters were eagerly called to partake of her joy. Jane + resolutely kept her place at the table; but Elizabeth, to satisfy + her mother, went to the window—she looked,—she saw Mr. Darcy with + him, and sat down again by her sister. + + “There is a gentleman with him, mamma,” said Kitty; “who can it + be?” + + “Some acquaintance or other, my dear, I suppose; I am sure I do + not know.” + + “La!” replied Kitty, “it looks just like that man that used to be + with him before. Mr. what’s-his-name. That tall, proud man.” + + “Good gracious! Mr. Darcy!—and so it does, I vow. Well, any + friend of Mr. Bingley’s will always be welcome here, to be sure; + but else I must say that I hate the very sight of him.” + + Jane looked at Elizabeth with surprise and concern. She knew but + little of their meeting in Derbyshire, and therefore felt for the + awkwardness which must attend her sister, in seeing him almost + for the first time after receiving his explanatory letter. Both + sisters were uncomfortable enough. Each felt for the other, and + of course for themselves; and their mother talked on, of her + dislike of Mr. Darcy, and her resolution to be civil to him only + as Mr. Bingley’s friend, without being heard by either of them. + But Elizabeth had sources of uneasiness which could not be + suspected by Jane, to whom she had never yet had courage to shew + Mrs. Gardiner’s letter, or to relate her own change of sentiment + towards him. To Jane, he could be only a man whose proposals she + had refused, and whose merit she had undervalued; but to her own + more extensive information, he was the person to whom the whole + family were indebted for the first of benefits, and whom she + regarded herself with an interest, if not quite so tender, at + least as reasonable and just as what Jane felt for Bingley. Her + astonishment at his coming—at his coming to Netherfield, to + Longbourn, and voluntarily seeking her again, was almost equal to + what she had known on first witnessing his altered behaviour in + Derbyshire. + + The colour which had been driven from her face, returned for half + a minute with an additional glow, and a smile of delight added + lustre to her eyes, as she thought for that space of time that + his affection and wishes must still be unshaken. But she would + not be secure. + + “Let me first see how he behaves,” said she; “it will then be + early enough for expectation.” + + She sat intently at work, striving to be composed, and without + daring to lift up her eyes, till anxious curiosity carried them + to the face of her sister as the servant was approaching the + door. Jane looked a little paler than usual, but more sedate than + Elizabeth had expected. On the gentlemen’s appearing, her colour + increased; yet she received them with tolerable ease, and with a + propriety of behaviour equally free from any symptom of + resentment or any unnecessary complaisance. + + Elizabeth said as little to either as civility would allow, and + sat down again to her work, with an eagerness which it did not + often command. She had ventured only one glance at Darcy. He + looked serious, as usual; and, she thought, more as he had been + used to look in Hertfordshire, than as she had seen him at + Pemberley. But, perhaps he could not in her mother’s presence be + what he was before her uncle and aunt. It was a painful, but not + an improbable, conjecture. + + Bingley, she had likewise seen for an instant, and in that short + period saw him looking both pleased and embarrassed. He was + received by Mrs. Bennet with a degree of civility which made her + two daughters ashamed, especially when contrasted with the cold + and ceremonious politeness of her curtsey and address to his + friend. + + Elizabeth, particularly, who knew that her mother owed to the + latter the preservation of her favourite daughter from + irremediable infamy, was hurt and distressed to a most painful + degree by a distinction so ill applied. + + Darcy, after inquiring of her how Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner did, a + question which she could not answer without confusion, said + scarcely anything. He was not seated by her; perhaps that was the + reason of his silence; but it had not been so in Derbyshire. + There he had talked to her friends, when he could not to herself. + But now several minutes elapsed without bringing the sound of his + voice; and when occasionally, unable to resist the impulse of + curiosity, she raised her eyes to his face, she as often found + him looking at Jane as at herself, and frequently on no object + but the ground. More thoughtfulness and less anxiety to please, + than when they last met, were plainly expressed. She was + disappointed, and angry with herself for being so. + + “Could I expect it to be otherwise!” said she. “Yet why did he + come?” + + She was in no humour for conversation with anyone but himself; + and to him she had hardly courage to speak. + + She inquired after his sister, but could do no more. + + “It is a long time, Mr. Bingley, since you went away,” said Mrs. + Bennet. + + He readily agreed to it. + + “I began to be afraid you would never come back again. People + _did_ say you meant to quit the place entirely at Michaelmas; + but, however, I hope it is not true. A great many changes have + happened in the neighbourhood, since you went away. Miss Lucas is + married and settled. And one of my own daughters. I suppose you + have heard of it; indeed, you must have seen it in the papers. It + was in The Times and The Courier, I know; though it was not put + in as it ought to be. It was only said, ‘Lately, George Wickham, + Esq. to Miss Lydia Bennet,’ without there being a syllable said + of her father, or the place where she lived, or anything. It was + my brother Gardiner’s drawing up too, and I wonder how he came to + make such an awkward business of it. Did you see it?” + + Bingley replied that he did, and made his congratulations. + Elizabeth dared not lift up her eyes. How Mr. Darcy looked, + therefore, she could not tell. + + “It is a delightful thing, to be sure, to have a daughter well + married,” continued her mother, “but at the same time, Mr. + Bingley, it is very hard to have her taken such a way from me. + They are gone down to Newcastle, a place quite northward, it + seems, and there they are to stay I do not know how long. His + regiment is there; for I suppose you have heard of his leaving + the ——shire, and of his being gone into the regulars. Thank + Heaven! he has _some_ friends, though perhaps not so many as he + deserves.” + + Elizabeth, who knew this to be levelled at Mr. Darcy, was in such + misery of shame, that she could hardly keep her seat. It drew + from her, however, the exertion of speaking, which nothing else + had so effectually done before; and she asked Bingley whether he + meant to make any stay in the country at present. A few weeks, he + believed. + + “When you have killed all your own birds, Mr. Bingley,” said her + mother, “I beg you will come here, and shoot as many as you + please on Mr. Bennet’s manor. I am sure he will be vastly happy + to oblige you, and will save all the best of the covies for you.” + + Elizabeth’s misery increased, at such unnecessary, such officious + attention! Were the same fair prospect to arise at present as had + flattered them a year ago, every thing, she was persuaded, would + be hastening to the same vexatious conclusion. At that instant, + she felt that years of happiness could not make Jane or herself + amends for moments of such painful confusion. + + “The first wish of my heart,” said she to herself, “is never more + to be in company with either of them. Their society can afford no + pleasure that will atone for such wretchedness as this! Let me + never see either one or the other again!” + + Yet the misery, for which years of happiness were to offer no + compensation, received soon afterwards material relief, from + observing how much the beauty of her sister re-kindled the + admiration of her former lover. When first he came in, he had + spoken to her but little; but every five minutes seemed to be + giving her more of his attention. He found her as handsome as she + had been last year; as good natured, and as unaffected, though + not quite so chatty. Jane was anxious that no difference should + be perceived in her at all, and was really persuaded that she + talked as much as ever. But her mind was so busily engaged, that + she did not always know when she was silent. + + When the gentlemen rose to go away, Mrs. Bennet was mindful of + her intended civility, and they were invited and engaged to dine + at Longbourn in a few days time. + + “You are quite a visit in my debt, Mr. Bingley,” she added, “for + when you went to town last winter, you promised to take a family + dinner with us, as soon as you returned. I have not forgot, you + see; and I assure you, I was very much disappointed that you did + not come back and keep your engagement.” + + Bingley looked a little silly at this reflection, and said + something of his concern at having been prevented by business. + They then went away. + + Mrs. Bennet had been strongly inclined to ask them to stay and + dine there that day; but, though she always kept a very good + table, she did not think anything less than two courses could be + good enough for a man on whom she had such anxious designs, or + satisfy the appetite and pride of one who had ten thousand a + year. + + + + + Chapter 54 + + As soon as they were gone, Elizabeth walked out to recover her + spirits; or in other words, to dwell without interruption on + those subjects that must deaden them more. Mr. Darcy’s behaviour + astonished and vexed her. + + “Why, if he came only to be silent, grave, and indifferent,” said + she, “did he come at all?” + + She could settle it in no way that gave her pleasure. + + “He could be still amiable, still pleasing, to my uncle and aunt, + when he was in town; and why not to me? If he fears me, why come + hither? If he no longer cares for me, why silent? Teasing, + teasing, man! I will think no more about him.” + + Her resolution was for a short time involuntarily kept by the + approach of her sister, who joined her with a cheerful look, + which showed her better satisfied with their visitors, than + Elizabeth. + + “Now,” said she, “that this first meeting is over, I feel + perfectly easy. I know my own strength, and I shall never be + embarrassed again by his coming. I am glad he dines here on + Tuesday. It will then be publicly seen that, on both sides, we + meet only as common and indifferent acquaintance.” + + “Yes, very indifferent indeed,” said Elizabeth, laughingly. “Oh, + Jane, take care.” + + “My dear Lizzy, you cannot think me so weak, as to be in danger + now?” + + “I think you are in very great danger of making him as much in + love with you as ever.” + + They did not see the gentlemen again till Tuesday; and Mrs. + Bennet, in the meanwhile, was giving way to all the happy + schemes, which the good humour and common politeness of Bingley, + in half an hour’s visit, had revived. + + On Tuesday there was a large party assembled at Longbourn; and + the two who were most anxiously expected, to the credit of their + punctuality as sportsmen, were in very good time. When they + repaired to the dining-room, Elizabeth eagerly watched to see + whether Bingley would take the place, which, in all their former + parties, had belonged to him, by her sister. Her prudent mother, + occupied by the same ideas, forbore to invite him to sit by + herself. On entering the room, he seemed to hesitate; but Jane + happened to look round, and happened to smile: it was decided. He + placed himself by her. + + Elizabeth, with a triumphant sensation, looked towards his + friend. He bore it with noble indifference, and she would have + imagined that Bingley had received his sanction to be happy, had + she not seen his eyes likewise turned towards Mr. Darcy, with an + expression of half-laughing alarm. + + His behaviour to her sister was such, during dinner time, as + showed an admiration of her, which, though more guarded than + formerly, persuaded Elizabeth, that if left wholly to himself, + Jane’s happiness, and his own, would be speedily secured. Though + she dared not depend upon the consequence, she yet received + pleasure from observing his behaviour. It gave her all the + animation that her spirits could boast; for she was in no + cheerful humour. Mr. Darcy was almost as far from her as the + table could divide them. He was on one side of her mother. She + knew how little such a situation would give pleasure to either, + or make either appear to advantage. She was not near enough to + hear any of their discourse, but she could see how seldom they + spoke to each other, and how formal and cold was their manner + whenever they did. Her mother’s ungraciousness, made the sense of + what they owed him more painful to Elizabeth’s mind; and she + would, at times, have given anything to be privileged to tell him + that his kindness was neither unknown nor unfelt by the whole of + the family. + + She was in hopes that the evening would afford some opportunity + of bringing them together; that the whole of the visit would not + pass away without enabling them to enter into something more of + conversation than the mere ceremonious salutation attending his + entrance. Anxious and uneasy, the period which passed in the + drawing-room, before the gentlemen came, was wearisome and dull + to a degree that almost made her uncivil. She looked forward to + their entrance as the point on which all her chance of pleasure + for the evening must depend. + + “If he does not come to me, _then_,” said she, “I shall give him + up for ever.” + + The gentlemen came; and she thought he looked as if he would have + answered her hopes; but, alas! the ladies had crowded round the + table, where Miss Bennet was making tea, and Elizabeth pouring + out the coffee, in so close a confederacy that there was not a + single vacancy near her which would admit of a chair. And on the + gentlemen’s approaching, one of the girls moved closer to her + than ever, and said, in a whisper: + + “The men shan’t come and part us, I am determined. We want none + of them; do we?” + + Darcy had walked away to another part of the room. She followed + him with her eyes, envied everyone to whom he spoke, had scarcely + patience enough to help anybody to coffee; and then was enraged + against herself for being so silly! + + “A man who has once been refused! How could I ever be foolish + enough to expect a renewal of his love? Is there one among the + sex, who would not protest against such a weakness as a second + proposal to the same woman? There is no indignity so abhorrent to + their feelings!” + + She was a little revived, however, by his bringing back his + coffee cup himself; and she seized the opportunity of saying: + + “Is your sister at Pemberley still?” + + “Yes, she will remain there till Christmas.” + + “And quite alone? Have all her friends left her?” + + “Mrs. Annesley is with her. The others have been gone on to + Scarborough, these three weeks.” + + She could think of nothing more to say; but if he wished to + converse with her, he might have better success. He stood by her, + however, for some minutes, in silence; and, at last, on the young + lady’s whispering to Elizabeth again, he walked away. + + When the tea-things were removed, and the card-tables placed, the + ladies all rose, and Elizabeth was then hoping to be soon joined + by him, when all her views were overthrown by seeing him fall a + victim to her mother’s rapacity for whist players, and in a few + moments after seated with the rest of the party. She now lost + every expectation of pleasure. They were confined for the evening + at different tables, and she had nothing to hope, but that his + eyes were so often turned towards her side of the room, as to + make him play as unsuccessfully as herself. + + Mrs. Bennet had designed to keep the two Netherfield gentlemen to + supper; but their carriage was unluckily ordered before any of + the others, and she had no opportunity of detaining them. + + “Well girls,” said she, as soon as they were left to themselves, + “What say you to the day? I think every thing has passed off + uncommonly well, I assure you. The dinner was as well dressed as + any I ever saw. The venison was roasted to a turn—and everybody + said they never saw so fat a haunch. The soup was fifty times + better than what we had at the Lucases’ last week; and even Mr. + Darcy acknowledged, that the partridges were remarkably well + done; and I suppose he has two or three French cooks at least. + And, my dear Jane, I never saw you look in greater beauty. Mrs. + Long said so too, for I asked her whether you did not. And what + do you think she said besides? ‘Ah! Mrs. Bennet, we shall have + her at Netherfield at last.’ She did indeed. I do think Mrs. Long + is as good a creature as ever lived—and her nieces are very + pretty behaved girls, and not at all handsome: I like them + prodigiously.” + + Mrs. Bennet, in short, was in very great spirits; she had seen + enough of Bingley’s behaviour to Jane, to be convinced that she + would get him at last; and her expectations of advantage to her + family, when in a happy humour, were so far beyond reason, that + she was quite disappointed at not seeing him there again the next + day, to make his proposals. + + “It has been a very agreeable day,” said Miss Bennet to + Elizabeth. “The party seemed so well selected, so suitable one + with the other. I hope we may often meet again.” + + Elizabeth smiled. + + “Lizzy, you must not do so. You must not suspect me. It mortifies + me. I assure you that I have now learnt to enjoy his conversation + as an agreeable and sensible young man, without having a wish + beyond it. I am perfectly satisfied, from what his manners now + are, that he never had any design of engaging my affection. It is + only that he is blessed with greater sweetness of address, and a + stronger desire of generally pleasing, than any other man.” + + “You are very cruel,” said her sister, “you will not let me + smile, and are provoking me to it every moment.” + + “How hard it is in some cases to be believed!” + + “And how impossible in others!” + + “But why should you wish to persuade me that I feel more than I + acknowledge?” + + “That is a question which I hardly know how to answer. We all + love to instruct, though we can teach only what is not worth + knowing. Forgive me; and if you persist in indifference, do not + make _me_ your confidante.” + + + + + Chapter 55 + + A few days after this visit, Mr. Bingley called again, and alone. + His friend had left him that morning for London, but was to + return home in ten days time. He sat with them above an hour, and + was in remarkably good spirits. Mrs. Bennet invited him to dine + with them; but, with many expressions of concern, he confessed + himself engaged elsewhere. + + “Next time you call,” said she, “I hope we shall be more lucky.” + + He should be particularly happy at any time, etc. etc.; and if + she would give him leave, would take an early opportunity of + waiting on them. + + “Can you come to-morrow?” + + Yes, he had no engagement at all for to-morrow; and her + invitation was accepted with alacrity. + + He came, and in such very good time that the ladies were none of + them dressed. In ran Mrs. Bennet to her daughter’s room, in her + dressing gown, and with her hair half finished, crying out: + + “My dear Jane, make haste and hurry down. He is come—Mr. Bingley + is come. He is, indeed. Make haste, make haste. Here, Sarah, come + to Miss Bennet this moment, and help her on with her gown. Never + mind Miss Lizzy’s hair.” + + “We will be down as soon as we can,” said Jane; “but I dare say + Kitty is forwarder than either of us, for she went up stairs half + an hour ago.” + + “Oh! hang Kitty! what has she to do with it? Come be quick, be + quick! Where is your sash, my dear?” + + But when her mother was gone, Jane would not be prevailed on to + go down without one of her sisters. + + The same anxiety to get them by themselves was visible again in + the evening. After tea, Mr. Bennet retired to the library, as was + his custom, and Mary went up stairs to her instrument. Two + obstacles of the five being thus removed, Mrs. Bennet sat looking + and winking at Elizabeth and Catherine for a considerable time, + without making any impression on them. Elizabeth would not + observe her; and when at last Kitty did, she very innocently + said, “What is the matter mamma? What do you keep winking at me + for? What am I to do?” + + “Nothing child, nothing. I did not wink at you.” She then sat + still five minutes longer; but unable to waste such a precious + occasion, she suddenly got up, and saying to Kitty, “Come here, + my love, I want to speak to you,” took her out of the room. Jane + instantly gave a look at Elizabeth which spoke her distress at + such premeditation, and her entreaty that _she_ would not give in + to it. In a few minutes, Mrs. Bennet half-opened the door and + called out: + + “Lizzy, my dear, I want to speak with you.” + + Elizabeth was forced to go. + + “We may as well leave them by themselves you know;” said her + mother, as soon as she was in the hall. “Kitty and I are going up + stairs to sit in my dressing-room.” + + Elizabeth made no attempt to reason with her mother, but remained + quietly in the hall, till she and Kitty were out of sight, then + returned into the drawing-room. + + Mrs. Bennet’s schemes for this day were ineffectual. Bingley was + every thing that was charming, except the professed lover of her + daughter. His ease and cheerfulness rendered him a most agreeable + addition to their evening party; and he bore with the ill-judged + officiousness of the mother, and heard all her silly remarks with + a forbearance and command of countenance particularly grateful to + the daughter. + + He scarcely needed an invitation to stay supper; and before he + went away, an engagement was formed, chiefly through his own and + Mrs. Bennet’s means, for his coming next morning to shoot with + her husband. + + After this day, Jane said no more of her indifference. Not a word + passed between the sisters concerning Bingley; but Elizabeth went + to bed in the happy belief that all must speedily be concluded, + unless Mr. Darcy returned within the stated time. Seriously, + however, she felt tolerably persuaded that all this must have + taken place with that gentleman’s concurrence. + + Bingley was punctual to his appointment; and he and Mr. Bennet + spent the morning together, as had been agreed on. The latter was + much more agreeable than his companion expected. There was + nothing of presumption or folly in Bingley that could provoke his + ridicule, or disgust him into silence; and he was more + communicative, and less eccentric, than the other had ever seen + him. Bingley of course returned with him to dinner; and in the + evening Mrs. Bennet’s invention was again at work to get every + body away from him and her daughter. Elizabeth, who had a letter + to write, went into the breakfast room for that purpose soon + after tea; for as the others were all going to sit down to cards, + she could not be wanted to counteract her mother’s schemes. + + But on returning to the drawing-room, when her letter was + finished, she saw, to her infinite surprise, there was reason to + fear that her mother had been too ingenious for her. On opening + the door, she perceived her sister and Bingley standing together + over the hearth, as if engaged in earnest conversation; and had + this led to no suspicion, the faces of both, as they hastily + turned round and moved away from each other, would have told it + all. _Their_ situation was awkward enough; but _hers_ she thought + was still worse. Not a syllable was uttered by either; and + Elizabeth was on the point of going away again, when Bingley, who + as well as the other had sat down, suddenly rose, and whispering + a few words to her sister, ran out of the room. + + Jane could have no reserves from Elizabeth, where confidence + would give pleasure; and instantly embracing her, acknowledged, + with the liveliest emotion, that she was the happiest creature in + the world. + + “’Tis too much!” she added, “by far too much. I do not deserve + it. Oh! why is not everybody as happy?” + + Elizabeth’s congratulations were given with a sincerity, a + warmth, a delight, which words could but poorly express. Every + sentence of kindness was a fresh source of happiness to Jane. But + she would not allow herself to stay with her sister, or say half + that remained to be said for the present. + + “I must go instantly to my mother;” she cried. “I would not on + any account trifle with her affectionate solicitude; or allow her + to hear it from anyone but myself. He is gone to my father + already. Oh! Lizzy, to know that what I have to relate will give + such pleasure to all my dear family! how shall I bear so much + happiness!” + + She then hastened away to her mother, who had purposely broken up + the card party, and was sitting up stairs with Kitty. + + Elizabeth, who was left by herself, now smiled at the rapidity + and ease with which an affair was finally settled, that had given + them so many previous months of suspense and vexation. + + “And this,” said she, “is the end of all his friend’s anxious + circumspection! of all his sister’s falsehood and contrivance! + the happiest, wisest, most reasonable end!” + + In a few minutes she was joined by Bingley, whose conference with + her father had been short and to the purpose. + + “Where is your sister?” said he hastily, as he opened the door. + + “With my mother up stairs. She will be down in a moment, I dare + say.” + + He then shut the door, and, coming up to her, claimed the good + wishes and affection of a sister. Elizabeth honestly and heartily + expressed her delight in the prospect of their relationship. They + shook hands with great cordiality; and then, till her sister came + down, she had to listen to all he had to say of his own + happiness, and of Jane’s perfections; and in spite of his being a + lover, Elizabeth really believed all his expectations of felicity + to be rationally founded, because they had for basis the + excellent understanding, and super-excellent disposition of Jane, + and a general similarity of feeling and taste between her and + himself. + + It was an evening of no common delight to them all; the + satisfaction of Miss Bennet’s mind gave a glow of such sweet + animation to her face, as made her look handsomer than ever. + Kitty simpered and smiled, and hoped her turn was coming soon. + Mrs. Bennet could not give her consent or speak her approbation + in terms warm enough to satisfy her feelings, though she talked + to Bingley of nothing else for half an hour; and when Mr. Bennet + joined them at supper, his voice and manner plainly showed how + really happy he was. + + Not a word, however, passed his lips in allusion to it, till + their visitor took his leave for the night; but as soon as he was + gone, he turned to his daughter, and said: + + “Jane, I congratulate you. You will be a very happy woman.” + + Jane went to him instantly, kissed him, and thanked him for his + goodness. + + “You are a good girl;” he replied, “and I have great pleasure in + thinking you will be so happily settled. I have not a doubt of + your doing very well together. Your tempers are by no means + unlike. You are each of you so complying, that nothing will ever + be resolved on; so easy, that every servant will cheat you; and + so generous, that you will always exceed your income.” + + “I hope not so. Imprudence or thoughtlessness in money matters + would be unpardonable in _me_.” + + “Exceed their income! My dear Mr. Bennet,” cried his wife, “what + are you talking of? Why, he has four or five thousand a year, and + very likely more.” Then addressing her daughter, “Oh! my dear, + dear Jane, I am so happy! I am sure I shan’t get a wink of sleep + all night. I knew how it would be. I always said it must be so, + at last. I was sure you could not be so beautiful for nothing! I + remember, as soon as ever I saw him, when he first came into + Hertfordshire last year, I thought how likely it was that you + should come together. Oh! he is the handsomest young man that + ever was seen!” + + Wickham, Lydia, were all forgotten. Jane was beyond competition + her favourite child. At that moment, she cared for no other. Her + younger sisters soon began to make interest with her for objects + of happiness which she might in future be able to dispense. + + Mary petitioned for the use of the library at Netherfield; and + Kitty begged very hard for a few balls there every winter. + + Bingley, from this time, was of course a daily visitor at + Longbourn; coming frequently before breakfast, and always + remaining till after supper; unless when some barbarous + neighbour, who could not be enough detested, had given him an + invitation to dinner which he thought himself obliged to accept. + + Elizabeth had now but little time for conversation with her + sister; for while he was present, Jane had no attention to bestow + on anyone else; but she found herself considerably useful to both + of them in those hours of separation that must sometimes occur. + In the absence of Jane, he always attached himself to Elizabeth, + for the pleasure of talking of her; and when Bingley was gone, + Jane constantly sought the same means of relief. + + “He has made me so happy,” said she, one evening, “by telling me + that he was totally ignorant of my being in town last spring! I + had not believed it possible.” + + “I suspected as much,” replied Elizabeth. “But how did he account + for it?” + + “It must have been his sister’s doing. They were certainly no + friends to his acquaintance with me, which I cannot wonder at, + since he might have chosen so much more advantageously in many + respects. But when they see, as I trust they will, that their + brother is happy with me, they will learn to be contented, and we + shall be on good terms again; though we can never be what we once + were to each other.” + + “That is the most unforgiving speech,” said Elizabeth, “that I + ever heard you utter. Good girl! It would vex me, indeed, to see + you again the dupe of Miss Bingley’s pretended regard.” + + “Would you believe it, Lizzy, that when he went to town last + November, he really loved me, and nothing but a persuasion of + _my_ being indifferent would have prevented his coming down + again!” + + “He made a little mistake to be sure; but it is to the credit of + his modesty.” + + This naturally introduced a panegyric from Jane on his + diffidence, and the little value he put on his own good + qualities. Elizabeth was pleased to find that he had not betrayed + the interference of his friend; for, though Jane had the most + generous and forgiving heart in the world, she knew it was a + circumstance which must prejudice her against him. + + “I am certainly the most fortunate creature that ever existed!” + cried Jane. “Oh! Lizzy, why am I thus singled from my family, and + blessed above them all! If I could but see you as happy! If there + were but such another man for you!” + + “If you were to give me forty such men, I never could be so happy + as you. Till I have your disposition, your goodness, I never can + have your happiness. No, no, let me shift for myself; and, + perhaps, if I have very good luck, I may meet with another Mr. + Collins in time.” + + The situation of affairs in the Longbourn family could not be + long a secret. Mrs. Bennet was privileged to whisper it to Mrs. + Phillips, and she ventured, without any permission, to do the + same by all her neighbours in Meryton. + + The Bennets were speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in + the world, though only a few weeks before, when Lydia had first + run away, they had been generally proved to be marked out for + misfortune. + + + + + Chapter 56 + + One morning, about a week after Bingley’s engagement with Jane + had been formed, as he and the females of the family were sitting + together in the dining-room, their attention was suddenly drawn + to the window, by the sound of a carriage; and they perceived a + chaise and four driving up the lawn. It was too early in the + morning for visitors, and besides, the equipage did not answer to + that of any of their neighbours. The horses were post; and + neither the carriage, nor the livery of the servant who preceded + it, were familiar to them. As it was certain, however, that + somebody was coming, Bingley instantly prevailed on Miss Bennet + to avoid the confinement of such an intrusion, and walk away with + him into the shrubbery. They both set off, and the conjectures of + the remaining three continued, though with little satisfaction, + till the door was thrown open and their visitor entered. It was + Lady Catherine de Bourgh. + + They were of course all intending to be surprised; but their + astonishment was beyond their expectation; and on the part of + Mrs. Bennet and Kitty, though she was perfectly unknown to them, + even inferior to what Elizabeth felt. + + She entered the room with an air more than usually ungracious, + made no other reply to Elizabeth’s salutation than a slight + inclination of the head, and sat down without saying a word. + Elizabeth had mentioned her name to her mother on her ladyship’s + entrance, though no request of introduction had been made. + + Mrs. Bennet, all amazement, though flattered by having a guest of + such high importance, received her with the utmost politeness. + After sitting for a moment in silence, she said very stiffly to + Elizabeth, + + “I hope you are well, Miss Bennet. That lady, I suppose, is your + mother.” + + Elizabeth replied very concisely that she was. + + “And _that_ I suppose is one of your sisters.” + + “Yes, madam,” said Mrs. Bennet, delighted to speak to Lady + Catherine. “She is my youngest girl but one. My youngest of all + is lately married, and my eldest is somewhere about the grounds, + walking with a young man who, I believe, will soon become a part + of the family.” + + “You have a very small park here,” returned Lady Catherine after + a short silence. + + “It is nothing in comparison of Rosings, my lady, I dare say; but + I assure you it is much larger than Sir William Lucas’s.” + + “This must be a most inconvenient sitting room for the evening, + in summer; the windows are full west.” + + Mrs. Bennet assured her that they never sat there after dinner, + and then added: + + “May I take the liberty of asking your ladyship whether you left + Mr. and Mrs. Collins well.” + + “Yes, very well. I saw them the night before last.” + + Elizabeth now expected that she would produce a letter for her + from Charlotte, as it seemed the only probable motive for her + calling. But no letter appeared, and she was completely puzzled. + + Mrs. Bennet, with great civility, begged her ladyship to take + some refreshment; but Lady Catherine very resolutely, and not + very politely, declined eating anything; and then, rising up, + said to Elizabeth, + + “Miss Bennet, there seemed to be a prettyish kind of a little + wilderness on one side of your lawn. I should be glad to take a + turn in it, if you will favour me with your company.” + + “Go, my dear,” cried her mother, “and show her ladyship about the + different walks. I think she will be pleased with the hermitage.” + + Elizabeth obeyed, and running into her own room for her parasol, + attended her noble guest downstairs. As they passed through the + hall, Lady Catherine opened the doors into the dining-parlour and + drawing-room, and pronouncing them, after a short survey, to be + decent looking rooms, walked on. + + Her carriage remained at the door, and Elizabeth saw that her + waiting-woman was in it. They proceeded in silence along the + gravel walk that led to the copse; Elizabeth was determined to + make no effort for conversation with a woman who was now more + than usually insolent and disagreeable. + + “How could I ever think her like her nephew?” said she, as she + looked in her face. + + As soon as they entered the copse, Lady Catherine began in the + following manner:— + + “You can be at no loss, Miss Bennet, to understand the reason of + my journey hither. Your own heart, your own conscience, must tell + you why I come.” + + Elizabeth looked with unaffected astonishment. + + “Indeed, you are mistaken, Madam. I have not been at all able to + account for the honour of seeing you here.” + + “Miss Bennet,” replied her ladyship, in an angry tone, “you ought + to know, that I am not to be trifled with. But however insincere + _you_ may choose to be, you shall not find _me_ so. My character + has ever been celebrated for its sincerity and frankness, and in + a cause of such moment as this, I shall certainly not depart from + it. A report of a most alarming nature reached me two days ago. I + was told that not only your sister was on the point of being most + advantageously married, but that you, that Miss Elizabeth Bennet, + would, in all likelihood, be soon afterwards united to my nephew, + my own nephew, Mr. Darcy. Though I _know_ it must be a scandalous + falsehood, though I would not injure him so much as to suppose + the truth of it possible, I instantly resolved on setting off for + this place, that I might make my sentiments known to you.” + + “If you believed it impossible to be true,” said Elizabeth, + colouring with astonishment and disdain, “I wonder you took the + trouble of coming so far. What could your ladyship propose by + it?” + + “At once to insist upon having such a report universally + contradicted.” + + “Your coming to Longbourn, to see me and my family,” said + Elizabeth coolly, “will be rather a confirmation of it; if, + indeed, such a report is in existence.” + + “If! Do you then pretend to be ignorant of it? Has it not been + industriously circulated by yourselves? Do you not know that such + a report is spread abroad?” + + “I never heard that it was.” + + “And can you likewise declare, that there is no _foundation_ for + it?” + + “I do not pretend to possess equal frankness with your ladyship. + _You_ may ask questions which _I_ shall not choose to answer.” + + “This is not to be borne. Miss Bennet, I insist on being + satisfied. Has he, has my nephew, made you an offer of marriage?” + + “Your ladyship has declared it to be impossible.” + + “It ought to be so; it must be so, while he retains the use of + his reason. But _your_ arts and allurements may, in a moment of + infatuation, have made him forget what he owes to himself and to + all his family. You may have drawn him in.” + + “If I have, I shall be the last person to confess it.” + + “Miss Bennet, do you know who I am? I have not been accustomed to + such language as this. I am almost the nearest relation he has in + the world, and am entitled to know all his dearest concerns.” + + “But you are not entitled to know _mine;_ nor will such behaviour + as this, ever induce me to be explicit.” + + “Let me be rightly understood. This match, to which you have the + presumption to aspire, can never take place. No, never. Mr. Darcy + is engaged to _my daughter_. Now what have you to say?” + + “Only this; that if he is so, you can have no reason to suppose + he will make an offer to me.” + + Lady Catherine hesitated for a moment, and then replied: + + “The engagement between them is of a peculiar kind. From their + infancy, they have been intended for each other. It was the + favourite wish of _his_ mother, as well as of hers. While in + their cradles, we planned the union: and now, at the moment when + the wishes of both sisters would be accomplished in their + marriage, to be prevented by a young woman of inferior birth, of + no importance in the world, and wholly unallied to the family! Do + you pay no regard to the wishes of his friends? To his tacit + engagement with Miss de Bourgh? Are you lost to every feeling of + propriety and delicacy? Have you not heard me say that from his + earliest hours he was destined for his cousin?” + + “Yes, and I had heard it before. But what is that to me? If there + is no other objection to my marrying your nephew, I shall + certainly not be kept from it by knowing that his mother and aunt + wished him to marry Miss de Bourgh. You both did as much as you + could in planning the marriage. Its completion depended on + others. If Mr. Darcy is neither by honour nor inclination + confined to his cousin, why is not he to make another choice? And + if I am that choice, why may not I accept him?” + + “Because honour, decorum, prudence, nay, interest, forbid it. + Yes, Miss Bennet, interest; for do not expect to be noticed by + his family or friends, if you wilfully act against the + inclinations of all. You will be censured, slighted, and + despised, by everyone connected with him. Your alliance will be a + disgrace; your name will never even be mentioned by any of us.” + + “These are heavy misfortunes,” replied Elizabeth. “But the wife + of Mr. Darcy must have such extraordinary sources of happiness + necessarily attached to her situation, that she could, upon the + whole, have no cause to repine.” + + “Obstinate, headstrong girl! I am ashamed of you! Is this your + gratitude for my attentions to you last spring? Is nothing due to + me on that score? Let us sit down. You are to understand, Miss + Bennet, that I came here with the determined resolution of + carrying my purpose; nor will I be dissuaded from it. I have not + been used to submit to any person’s whims. I have not been in the + habit of brooking disappointment.” + + “_That_ will make your ladyship’s situation at present more + pitiable; but it will have no effect on _me_.” + + “I will not be interrupted. Hear me in silence. My daughter and + my nephew are formed for each other. They are descended, on the + maternal side, from the same noble line; and, on the father’s, + from respectable, honourable, and ancient—though + untitled—families. Their fortune on both sides is splendid. They + are destined for each other by the voice of every member of their + respective houses; and what is to divide them? The upstart + pretensions of a young woman without family, connections, or + fortune. Is this to be endured! But it must not, shall not be. If + you were sensible of your own good, you would not wish to quit + the sphere in which you have been brought up.” + + “In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as + quitting that sphere. He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman’s + daughter; so far we are equal.” + + “True. You _are_ a gentleman’s daughter. But who was your mother? + Who are your uncles and aunts? Do not imagine me ignorant of + their condition.” + + “Whatever my connections may be,” said Elizabeth, “if your nephew + does not object to them, they can be nothing to _you_.” + + “Tell me once for all, are you engaged to him?” + + Though Elizabeth would not, for the mere purpose of obliging Lady + Catherine, have answered this question, she could not but say, + after a moment’s deliberation: + + “I am not.” + + Lady Catherine seemed pleased. + + “And will you promise me, never to enter into such an + engagement?” + + “I will make no promise of the kind.” + + “Miss Bennet I am shocked and astonished. I expected to find a + more reasonable young woman. But do not deceive yourself into a + belief that I will ever recede. I shall not go away till you have + given me the assurance I require.” + + “And I certainly _never_ shall give it. I am not to be + intimidated into anything so wholly unreasonable. Your ladyship + wants Mr. Darcy to marry your daughter; but would my giving you + the wished-for promise make _their_ marriage at all more + probable? Supposing him to be attached to me, would _my_ refusing + to accept his hand make him wish to bestow it on his cousin? + Allow me to say, Lady Catherine, that the arguments with which + you have supported this extraordinary application have been as + frivolous as the application was ill-judged. You have widely + mistaken my character, if you think I can be worked on by such + persuasions as these. How far your nephew might approve of your + interference in _his_ affairs, I cannot tell; but you have + certainly no right to concern yourself in mine. I must beg, + therefore, to be importuned no farther on the subject.” + + “Not so hasty, if you please. I have by no means done. To all the + objections I have already urged, I have still another to add. I + am no stranger to the particulars of your youngest sister’s + infamous elopement. I know it all; that the young man’s marrying + her was a patched-up business, at the expence of your father and + uncles. And is _such_ a girl to be my nephew’s sister? Is _her_ + husband, who is the son of his late father’s steward, to be his + brother? Heaven and earth!—of what are you thinking? Are the + shades of Pemberley to be thus polluted?” + + “You can _now_ have nothing further to say,” she resentfully + answered. “You have insulted me in every possible method. I must + beg to return to the house.” + + And she rose as she spoke. Lady Catherine rose also, and they + turned back. Her ladyship was highly incensed. + + “You have no regard, then, for the honour and credit of my + nephew! Unfeeling, selfish girl! Do you not consider that a + connection with you must disgrace him in the eyes of everybody?” + + “Lady Catherine, I have nothing further to say. You know my + sentiments.” + + “You are then resolved to have him?” + + “I have said no such thing. I am only resolved to act in that + manner, which will, in my own opinion, constitute my happiness, + without reference to _you_, or to any person so wholly + unconnected with me.” + + “It is well. You refuse, then, to oblige me. You refuse to obey + the claims of duty, honour, and gratitude. You are determined to + ruin him in the opinion of all his friends, and make him the + contempt of the world.” + + “Neither duty, nor honour, nor gratitude,” replied Elizabeth, + “have any possible claim on me, in the present instance. No + principle of either would be violated by my marriage with Mr. + Darcy. And with regard to the resentment of his family, or the + indignation of the world, if the former _were_ excited by his + marrying me, it would not give me one moment’s concern—and the + world in general would have too much sense to join in the scorn.” + + “And this is your real opinion! This is your final resolve! Very + well. I shall now know how to act. Do not imagine, Miss Bennet, + that your ambition will ever be gratified. I came to try you. I + hoped to find you reasonable; but, depend upon it, I will carry + my point.” + + In this manner Lady Catherine talked on, till they were at the + door of the carriage, when, turning hastily round, she added, “I + take no leave of you, Miss Bennet. I send no compliments to your + mother. You deserve no such attention. I am most seriously + displeased.” + + Elizabeth made no answer; and without attempting to persuade her + ladyship to return into the house, walked quietly into it + herself. She heard the carriage drive away as she proceeded up + stairs. Her mother impatiently met her at the door of the + dressing-room, to ask why Lady Catherine would not come in again + and rest herself. + + “She did not choose it,” said her daughter, “she would go.” + + “She is a very fine-looking woman! and her calling here was + prodigiously civil! for she only came, I suppose, to tell us the + Collinses were well. She is on her road somewhere, I dare say, + and so, passing through Meryton, thought she might as well call + on you. I suppose she had nothing particular to say to you, + Lizzy?” + + Elizabeth was forced to give into a little falsehood here; for to + acknowledge the substance of their conversation was impossible. + + + + + Chapter 57 + + The discomposure of spirits which this extraordinary visit threw + Elizabeth into, could not be easily overcome; nor could she, for + many hours, learn to think of it less than incessantly. Lady + Catherine, it appeared, had actually taken the trouble of this + journey from Rosings, for the sole purpose of breaking off her + supposed engagement with Mr. Darcy. It was a rational scheme, to + be sure! but from what the report of their engagement could + originate, Elizabeth was at a loss to imagine; till she + recollected that _his_ being the intimate friend of Bingley, and + _her_ being the sister of Jane, was enough, at a time when the + expectation of one wedding made everybody eager for another, to + supply the idea. She had not herself forgotten to feel that the + marriage of her sister must bring them more frequently together. + And her neighbours at Lucas Lodge, therefore (for through their + communication with the Collinses, the report, she concluded, had + reached Lady Catherine), had only set _that_ down as almost + certain and immediate, which _she_ had looked forward to as + possible at some future time. + + In revolving Lady Catherine’s expressions, however, she could not + help feeling some uneasiness as to the possible consequence of + her persisting in this interference. From what she had said of + her resolution to prevent their marriage, it occurred to + Elizabeth that she must meditate an application to her nephew; + and how he might take a similar representation of the evils + attached to a connection with her, she dared not pronounce. She + knew not the exact degree of his affection for his aunt, or his + dependence on her judgment, but it was natural to suppose that he + thought much higher of her ladyship than _she_ could do; and it + was certain that, in enumerating the miseries of a marriage with + _one_, whose immediate connections were so unequal to his own, + his aunt would address him on his weakest side. With his notions + of dignity, he would probably feel that the arguments, which to + Elizabeth had appeared weak and ridiculous, contained much good + sense and solid reasoning. + + If he had been wavering before as to what he should do, which had + often seemed likely, the advice and entreaty of so near a + relation might settle every doubt, and determine him at once to + be as happy as dignity unblemished could make him. In that case + he would return no more. Lady Catherine might see him in her way + through town; and his engagement to Bingley of coming again to + Netherfield must give way. + + “If, therefore, an excuse for not keeping his promise should come + to his friend within a few days,” she added, “I shall know how to + understand it. I shall then give over every expectation, every + wish of his constancy. If he is satisfied with only regretting + me, when he might have obtained my affections and hand, I shall + soon cease to regret him at all.” + + The surprise of the rest of the family, on hearing who their + visitor had been, was very great; but they obligingly satisfied + it, with the same kind of supposition which had appeased Mrs. + Bennet’s curiosity; and Elizabeth was spared from much teasing on + the subject. + + The next morning, as she was going downstairs, she was met by her + father, who came out of his library with a letter in his hand. + + “Lizzy,” said he, “I was going to look for you; come into my + room.” + + She followed him thither; and her curiosity to know what he had + to tell her was heightened by the supposition of its being in + some manner connected with the letter he held. It suddenly struck + her that it might be from Lady Catherine; and she anticipated + with dismay all the consequent explanations. + + She followed her father to the fire place, and they both sat + down. He then said, + + “I have received a letter this morning that has astonished me + exceedingly. As it principally concerns yourself, you ought to + know its contents. I did not know before, that I had _two_ + daughters on the brink of matrimony. Let me congratulate you on a + very important conquest.” + + The colour now rushed into Elizabeth’s cheeks in the + instantaneous conviction of its being a letter from the nephew, + instead of the aunt; and she was undetermined whether most to be + pleased that he explained himself at all, or offended that his + letter was not rather addressed to herself; when her father + continued: + + “You look conscious. Young ladies have great penetration in such + matters as these; but I think I may defy even _your_ sagacity, to + discover the name of your admirer. This letter is from Mr. + Collins.” + + “From Mr. Collins! and what can _he_ have to say?” + + “Something very much to the purpose of course. He begins with + congratulations on the approaching nuptials of my eldest + daughter, of which, it seems, he has been told by some of the + good-natured, gossiping Lucases. I shall not sport with your + impatience, by reading what he says on that point. What relates + to yourself, is as follows: ‘Having thus offered you the sincere + congratulations of Mrs. Collins and myself on this happy event, + let me now add a short hint on the subject of another; of which + we have been advertised by the same authority. Your daughter + Elizabeth, it is presumed, will not long bear the name of Bennet, + after her elder sister has resigned it, and the chosen partner of + her fate may be reasonably looked up to as one of the most + illustrious personages in this land.’ + + “Can you possibly guess, Lizzy, who is meant by this? ‘This young + gentleman is blessed, in a peculiar way, with every thing the + heart of mortal can most desire,—splendid property, noble + kindred, and extensive patronage. Yet in spite of all these + temptations, let me warn my cousin Elizabeth, and yourself, of + what evils you may incur by a precipitate closure with this + gentleman’s proposals, which, of course, you will be inclined to + take immediate advantage of.’ + + “Have you any idea, Lizzy, who this gentleman is? But now it + comes out: + + “‘My motive for cautioning you is as follows. We have reason to + imagine that his aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, does not look on + the match with a friendly eye.’ + + “_Mr. Darcy_, you see, is the man! Now, Lizzy, I think I _have_ + surprised you. Could he, or the Lucases, have pitched on any man + within the circle of our acquaintance, whose name would have + given the lie more effectually to what they related? Mr. Darcy, + who never looks at any woman but to see a blemish, and who + probably never looked at _you_ in his life! It is admirable!” + + Elizabeth tried to join in her father’s pleasantry, but could + only force one most reluctant smile. Never had his wit been + directed in a manner so little agreeable to her. + + “Are you not diverted?” + + “Oh! yes. Pray read on.” + + “‘After mentioning the likelihood of this marriage to her + ladyship last night, she immediately, with her usual + condescension, expressed what she felt on the occasion; when it + became apparent, that on the score of some family objections on + the part of my cousin, she would never give her consent to what + she termed so disgraceful a match. I thought it my duty to give + the speediest intelligence of this to my cousin, that she and her + noble admirer may be aware of what they are about, and not run + hastily into a marriage which has not been properly sanctioned.’ + Mr. Collins moreover adds, ‘I am truly rejoiced that my cousin + Lydia’s sad business has been so well hushed up, and am only + concerned that their living together before the marriage took + place should be so generally known. I must not, however, neglect + the duties of my station, or refrain from declaring my amazement + at hearing that you received the young couple into your house as + soon as they were married. It was an encouragement of vice; and + had I been the rector of Longbourn, I should very strenuously + have opposed it. You ought certainly to forgive them, as a + Christian, but never to admit them in your sight, or allow their + names to be mentioned in your hearing.’ _That_ is his notion of + Christian forgiveness! The rest of his letter is only about his + dear Charlotte’s situation, and his expectation of a young + olive-branch. But, Lizzy, you look as if you did not enjoy it. + You are not going to be _missish_, I hope, and pretend to be + affronted at an idle report. For what do we live, but to make + sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn?” + + “Oh!” cried Elizabeth, “I am excessively diverted. But it is so + strange!” + + “Yes—_that_ is what makes it amusing. Had they fixed on any other + man it would have been nothing; but _his_ perfect indifference, + and _your_ pointed dislike, make it so delightfully absurd! Much + as I abominate writing, I would not give up Mr. Collins’s + correspondence for any consideration. Nay, when I read a letter + of his, I cannot help giving him the preference even over + Wickham, much as I value the impudence and hypocrisy of my + son-in-law. And pray, Lizzy, what said Lady Catherine about this + report? Did she call to refuse her consent?” + + To this question his daughter replied only with a laugh; and as + it had been asked without the least suspicion, she was not + distressed by his repeating it. Elizabeth had never been more at + a loss to make her feelings appear what they were not. It was + necessary to laugh, when she would rather have cried. Her father + had most cruelly mortified her, by what he said of Mr. Darcy’s + indifference, and she could do nothing but wonder at such a want + of penetration, or fear that perhaps, instead of his seeing too + _little_, she might have fancied too _much_. + + + + + Chapter 58 + + Instead of receiving any such letter of excuse from his friend, + as Elizabeth half expected Mr. Bingley to do, he was able to + bring Darcy with him to Longbourn before many days had passed + after Lady Catherine’s visit. The gentlemen arrived early; and, + before Mrs. Bennet had time to tell him of their having seen his + aunt, of which her daughter sat in momentary dread, Bingley, who + wanted to be alone with Jane, proposed their all walking out. It + was agreed to. Mrs. Bennet was not in the habit of walking; Mary + could never spare time; but the remaining five set off together. + Bingley and Jane, however, soon allowed the others to outstrip + them. They lagged behind, while Elizabeth, Kitty, and Darcy were + to entertain each other. Very little was said by either; Kitty + was too much afraid of him to talk; Elizabeth was secretly + forming a desperate resolution; and perhaps he might be doing the + same. + + They walked towards the Lucases, because Kitty wished to call + upon Maria; and as Elizabeth saw no occasion for making it a + general concern, when Kitty left them she went boldly on with him + alone. Now was the moment for her resolution to be executed, and, + while her courage was high, she immediately said: + + “Mr. Darcy, I am a very selfish creature; and, for the sake of + giving relief to my own feelings, care not how much I may be + wounding yours. I can no longer help thanking you for your + unexampled kindness to my poor sister. Ever since I have known + it, I have been most anxious to acknowledge to you how gratefully + I feel it. Were it known to the rest of my family, I should not + have merely my own gratitude to express.” + + “I am sorry, exceedingly sorry,” replied Darcy, in a tone of + surprise and emotion, “that you have ever been informed of what + may, in a mistaken light, have given you uneasiness. I did not + think Mrs. Gardiner was so little to be trusted.” + + “You must not blame my aunt. Lydia’s thoughtlessness first + betrayed to me that you had been concerned in the matter; and, of + course, I could not rest till I knew the particulars. Let me + thank you again and again, in the name of all my family, for that + generous compassion which induced you to take so much trouble, + and bear so many mortifications, for the sake of discovering + them.” + + “If you _will_ thank me,” he replied, “let it be for yourself + alone. That the wish of giving happiness to you might add force + to the other inducements which led me on, I shall not attempt to + deny. But your _family_ owe me nothing. Much as I respect them, I + believe I thought only of _you_.” + + Elizabeth was too much embarrassed to say a word. After a short + pause, her companion added, “You are too generous to trifle with + me. If your feelings are still what they were last April, tell me + so at once. _My_ affections and wishes are unchanged, but one + word from you will silence me on this subject for ever.” + + Elizabeth, feeling all the more than common awkwardness and + anxiety of his situation, now forced herself to speak; and + immediately, though not very fluently, gave him to understand + that her sentiments had undergone so material a change, since the + period to which he alluded, as to make her receive with gratitude + and pleasure his present assurances. The happiness which this + reply produced, was such as he had probably never felt before; + and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as + warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do. Had + Elizabeth been able to encounter his eye, she might have seen how + well the expression of heartfelt delight, diffused over his face, + became him; but, though she could not look, she could listen, and + he told her of feelings, which, in proving of what importance she + was to him, made his affection every moment more valuable. + + They walked on, without knowing in what direction. There was too + much to be thought, and felt, and said, for attention to any + other objects. She soon learnt that they were indebted for their + present good understanding to the efforts of his aunt, who _did_ + call on him in her return through London, and there relate her + journey to Longbourn, its motive, and the substance of her + conversation with Elizabeth; dwelling emphatically on every + expression of the latter which, in her ladyship’s apprehension, + peculiarly denoted her perverseness and assurance; in the belief + that such a relation must assist her endeavours to obtain that + promise from her nephew which _she_ had refused to give. But, + unluckily for her ladyship, its effect had been exactly + contrariwise. + + “It taught me to hope,” said he, “as I had scarcely ever allowed + myself to hope before. I knew enough of your disposition to be + certain that, had you been absolutely, irrevocably decided + against me, you would have acknowledged it to Lady Catherine, + frankly and openly.” + + Elizabeth coloured and laughed as she replied, “Yes, you know + enough of my _frankness_ to believe me capable of _that_. After + abusing you so abominably to your face, I could have no scruple + in abusing you to all your relations.” + + “What did you say of me, that I did not deserve? For, though your + accusations were ill-founded, formed on mistaken premises, my + behaviour to you at the time had merited the severest reproof. It + was unpardonable. I cannot think of it without abhorrence.” + + “We will not quarrel for the greater share of blame annexed to + that evening,” said Elizabeth. “The conduct of neither, if + strictly examined, will be irreproachable; but since then, we + have both, I hope, improved in civility.” + + “I cannot be so easily reconciled to myself. The recollection of + what I then said, of my conduct, my manners, my expressions + during the whole of it, is now, and has been many months, + inexpressibly painful to me. Your reproof, so well applied, I + shall never forget: ‘had you behaved in a more gentlemanlike + manner.’ Those were your words. You know not, you can scarcely + conceive, how they have tortured me;—though it was some time, I + confess, before I was reasonable enough to allow their justice.” + + “I was certainly very far from expecting them to make so strong + an impression. I had not the smallest idea of their being ever + felt in such a way.” + + “I can easily believe it. You thought me then devoid of every + proper feeling, I am sure you did. The turn of your countenance I + shall never forget, as you said that I could not have addressed + you in any possible way that would induce you to accept me.” + + “Oh! do not repeat what I then said. These recollections will not + do at all. I assure you that I have long been most heartily + ashamed of it.” + + Darcy mentioned his letter. “Did it,” said he, “did it soon make + you think better of me? Did you, on reading it, give any credit + to its contents?” + + She explained what its effect on her had been, and how gradually + all her former prejudices had been removed. + + “I knew,” said he, “that what I wrote must give you pain, but it + was necessary. I hope you have destroyed the letter. There was + one part especially, the opening of it, which I should dread your + having the power of reading again. I can remember some + expressions which might justly make you hate me.” + + “The letter shall certainly be burnt, if you believe it essential + to the preservation of my regard; but, though we have both reason + to think my opinions not entirely unalterable, they are not, I + hope, quite so easily changed as that implies.” + + “When I wrote that letter,” replied Darcy, “I believed myself + perfectly calm and cool, but I am since convinced that it was + written in a dreadful bitterness of spirit.” + + “The letter, perhaps, began in bitterness, but it did not end so. + The adieu is charity itself. But think no more of the letter. The + feelings of the person who wrote, and the person who received it, + are now so widely different from what they were then, that every + unpleasant circumstance attending it ought to be forgotten. You + must learn some of my philosophy. Think only of the past as its + remembrance gives you pleasure.” + + “I cannot give you credit for any philosophy of the kind. _Your_ + retrospections must be so totally void of reproach, that the + contentment arising from them is not of philosophy, but, what is + much better, of innocence. But with _me_, it is not so. Painful + recollections will intrude which cannot, which ought not, to be + repelled. I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, + though not in principle. As a child I was taught what was + _right_, but I was not taught to correct my temper. I was given + good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit. + Unfortunately an only son (for many years an only _child_), I was + spoilt by my parents, who, though good themselves (my father, + particularly, all that was benevolent and amiable), allowed, + encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing; to + care for none beyond my own family circle; to think meanly of all + the rest of the world; to _wish_ at least to think meanly of + their sense and worth compared with my own. Such I was, from + eight to eight and twenty; and such I might still have been but + for you, dearest, loveliest Elizabeth! What do I not owe you! You + taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous. + By you, I was properly humbled. I came to you without a doubt of + my reception. You showed me how insufficient were all my + pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased.” + + “Had you then persuaded yourself that I should?” + + “Indeed I had. What will you think of my vanity? I believed you + to be wishing, expecting my addresses.” + + “My manners must have been in fault, but not intentionally, I + assure you. I never meant to deceive you, but my spirits might + often lead me wrong. How you must have hated me after _that_ + evening?” + + “Hate you! I was angry perhaps at first, but my anger soon began + to take a proper direction.” + + “I am almost afraid of asking what you thought of me, when we met + at Pemberley. You blamed me for coming?” + + “No indeed; I felt nothing but surprise.” + + “Your surprise could not be greater than _mine_ in being noticed + by you. My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary + politeness, and I confess that I did not expect to receive _more_ + than my due.” + + “My object _then_,” replied Darcy, “was to show you, by every + civility in my power, that I was not so mean as to resent the + past; and I hoped to obtain your forgiveness, to lessen your ill + opinion, by letting you see that your reproofs had been attended + to. How soon any other wishes introduced themselves I can hardly + tell, but I believe in about half an hour after I had seen you.” + + He then told her of Georgiana’s delight in her acquaintance, and + of her disappointment at its sudden interruption; which naturally + leading to the cause of that interruption, she soon learnt that + his resolution of following her from Derbyshire in quest of her + sister had been formed before he quitted the inn, and that his + gravity and thoughtfulness there had arisen from no other + struggles than what such a purpose must comprehend. + + She expressed her gratitude again, but it was too painful a + subject to each, to be dwelt on farther. + + After walking several miles in a leisurely manner, and too busy + to know anything about it, they found at last, on examining their + watches, that it was time to be at home. + + “What could become of Mr. Bingley and Jane!” was a wonder which + introduced the discussion of _their_ affairs. Darcy was delighted + with their engagement; his friend had given him the earliest + information of it. + + “I must ask whether you were surprised?” said Elizabeth. + + “Not at all. When I went away, I felt that it would soon happen.” + + “That is to say, you had given your permission. I guessed as + much.” And though he exclaimed at the term, she found that it had + been pretty much the case. + + “On the evening before my going to London,” said he, “I made a + confession to him, which I believe I ought to have made long ago. + I told him of all that had occurred to make my former + interference in his affairs absurd and impertinent. His surprise + was great. He had never had the slightest suspicion. I told him, + moreover, that I believed myself mistaken in supposing, as I had + done, that your sister was indifferent to him; and as I could + easily perceive that his attachment to her was unabated, I felt + no doubt of their happiness together.” + + Elizabeth could not help smiling at his easy manner of directing + his friend. + + “Did you speak from your own observation,” said she, “when you + told him that my sister loved him, or merely from my information + last spring?” + + “From the former. I had narrowly observed her during the two + visits which I had lately made here; and I was convinced of her + affection.” + + “And your assurance of it, I suppose, carried immediate + conviction to him.” + + “It did. Bingley is most unaffectedly modest. His diffidence had + prevented his depending on his own judgment in so anxious a case, + but his reliance on mine made every thing easy. I was obliged to + confess one thing, which for a time, and not unjustly, offended + him. I could not allow myself to conceal that your sister had + been in town three months last winter, that I had known it, and + purposely kept it from him. He was angry. But his anger, I am + persuaded, lasted no longer than he remained in any doubt of your + sister’s sentiments. He has heartily forgiven me now.” + + Elizabeth longed to observe that Mr. Bingley had been a most + delightful friend; so easily guided that his worth was + invaluable; but she checked herself. She remembered that he had + yet to learn to be laughed at, and it was rather too early to + begin. In anticipating the happiness of Bingley, which of course + was to be inferior only to his own, he continued the conversation + till they reached the house. In the hall they parted. + + + + + Chapter 59 + + “My dear Lizzy, where can you have been walking to?” was a + question which Elizabeth received from Jane as soon as she + entered their room, and from all the others when they sat down to + table. She had only to say in reply, that they had wandered + about, till she was beyond her own knowledge. She coloured as she + spoke; but neither that, nor anything else, awakened a suspicion + of the truth. + + The evening passed quietly, unmarked by anything extraordinary. + The acknowledged lovers talked and laughed, the unacknowledged + were silent. Darcy was not of a disposition in which happiness + overflows in mirth; and Elizabeth, agitated and confused, rather + _knew_ that she was happy than _felt_ herself to be so; for, + besides the immediate embarrassment, there were other evils + before her. She anticipated what would be felt in the family when + her situation became known; she was aware that no one liked him + but Jane; and even feared that with the others it was a _dislike_ + which not all his fortune and consequence might do away. + + At night she opened her heart to Jane. Though suspicion was very + far from Miss Bennet’s general habits, she was absolutely + incredulous here. + + “You are joking, Lizzy. This cannot be!—engaged to Mr. Darcy! No, + no, you shall not deceive me. I know it to be impossible.” + + “This is a wretched beginning indeed! My sole dependence was on + you; and I am sure nobody else will believe me, if you do not. + Yet, indeed, I am in earnest. I speak nothing but the truth. He + still loves me, and we are engaged.” + + Jane looked at her doubtingly. “Oh, Lizzy! it cannot be. I know + how much you dislike him.” + + “You know nothing of the matter. _That_ is all to be forgot. + Perhaps I did not always love him so well as I do now. But in + such cases as these, a good memory is unpardonable. This is the + last time I shall ever remember it myself.” + + Miss Bennet still looked all amazement. Elizabeth again, and more + seriously assured her of its truth. + + “Good Heaven! can it be really so! Yet now I must believe you,” + cried Jane. “My dear, dear Lizzy, I would—I do congratulate + you—but are you certain? forgive the question—are you quite + certain that you can be happy with him?” + + “There can be no doubt of that. It is settled between us already, + that we are to be the happiest couple in the world. But are you + pleased, Jane? Shall you like to have such a brother?” + + “Very, very much. Nothing could give either Bingley or myself + more delight. But we considered it, we talked of it as + impossible. And do you really love him quite well enough? Oh, + Lizzy! do anything rather than marry without affection. Are you + quite sure that you feel what you ought to do?” + + “Oh, yes! You will only think I feel _more_ than I ought to do, + when I tell you all.” + + “What do you mean?” + + “Why, I must confess that I love him better than I do Bingley. I + am afraid you will be angry.” + + “My dearest sister, now _be_ serious. I want to talk very + seriously. Let me know every thing that I am to know, without + delay. Will you tell me how long you have loved him?” + + “It has been coming on so gradually, that I hardly know when it + began. But I believe I must date it from my first seeing his + beautiful grounds at Pemberley.” + + Another entreaty that she would be serious, however, produced the + desired effect; and she soon satisfied Jane by her solemn + assurances of attachment. When convinced on that article, Miss + Bennet had nothing further to wish. + + “Now I am quite happy,” said she, “for you will be as happy as + myself. I always had a value for him. Were it for nothing but his + love of you, I must always have esteemed him; but now, as + Bingley’s friend and your husband, there can be only Bingley and + yourself more dear to me. But Lizzy, you have been very sly, very + reserved with me. How little did you tell me of what passed at + Pemberley and Lambton! I owe all that I know of it to another, + not to you.” + + Elizabeth told her the motives of her secrecy. She had been + unwilling to mention Bingley; and the unsettled state of her own + feelings had made her equally avoid the name of his friend. But + now she would no longer conceal from her his share in Lydia’s + marriage. All was acknowledged, and half the night spent in + conversation. + + “Good gracious!” cried Mrs. Bennet, as she stood at a window the + next morning, “if that disagreeable Mr. Darcy is not coming here + again with our dear Bingley! What can he mean by being so + tiresome as to be always coming here? I had no notion but he + would go a-shooting, or something or other, and not disturb us + with his company. What shall we do with him? Lizzy, you must walk + out with him again, that he may not be in Bingley’s way.” + + Elizabeth could hardly help laughing at so convenient a proposal; + yet was really vexed that her mother should be always giving him + such an epithet. + + As soon as they entered, Bingley looked at her so expressively, + and shook hands with such warmth, as left no doubt of his good + information; and he soon afterwards said aloud, “Mrs. Bennet, + have you no more lanes hereabouts in which Lizzy may lose her way + again to-day?” + + “I advise Mr. Darcy, and Lizzy, and Kitty,” said Mrs. Bennet, “to + walk to Oakham Mount this morning. It is a nice long walk, and + Mr. Darcy has never seen the view.” + + “It may do very well for the others,” replied Mr. Bingley; “but I + am sure it will be too much for Kitty. Won’t it, Kitty?” Kitty + owned that she had rather stay at home. Darcy professed a great + curiosity to see the view from the Mount, and Elizabeth silently + consented. As she went up stairs to get ready, Mrs. Bennet + followed her, saying: + + “I am quite sorry, Lizzy, that you should be forced to have that + disagreeable man all to yourself. But I hope you will not mind + it: it is all for Jane’s sake, you know; and there is no occasion + for talking to him, except just now and then. So, do not put + yourself to inconvenience.” + + During their walk, it was resolved that Mr. Bennet’s consent + should be asked in the course of the evening. Elizabeth reserved + to herself the application for her mother’s. She could not + determine how her mother would take it; sometimes doubting + whether all his wealth and grandeur would be enough to overcome + her abhorrence of the man. But whether she were violently set + against the match, or violently delighted with it, it was certain + that her manner would be equally ill adapted to do credit to her + sense; and she could no more bear that Mr. Darcy should hear the + first raptures of her joy, than the first vehemence of her + disapprobation. + + In the evening, soon after Mr. Bennet withdrew to the library, + she saw Mr. Darcy rise also and follow him, and her agitation on + seeing it was extreme. She did not fear her father’s opposition, + but he was going to be made unhappy; and that it should be + through her means—that _she_, his favourite child, should be + distressing him by her choice, should be filling him with fears + and regrets in disposing of her—was a wretched reflection, and + she sat in misery till Mr. Darcy appeared again, when, looking at + him, she was a little relieved by his smile. In a few minutes he + approached the table where she was sitting with Kitty; and, while + pretending to admire her work said in a whisper, “Go to your + father, he wants you in the library.” She was gone directly. + + Her father was walking about the room, looking grave and anxious. + “Lizzy,” said he, “what are you doing? Are you out of your + senses, to be accepting this man? Have not you always hated him?” + + How earnestly did she then wish that her former opinions had been + more reasonable, her expressions more moderate! It would have + spared her from explanations and professions which it was + exceedingly awkward to give; but they were now necessary, and she + assured him, with some confusion, of her attachment to Mr. Darcy. + + “Or, in other words, you are determined to have him. He is rich, + to be sure, and you may have more fine clothes and fine carriages + than Jane. But will they make you happy?” + + “Have you any other objection,” said Elizabeth, “than your belief + of my indifference?” + + “None at all. We all know him to be a proud, unpleasant sort of + man; but this would be nothing if you really liked him.” + + “I do, I do like him,” she replied, with tears in her eyes, “I + love him. Indeed he has no improper pride. He is perfectly + amiable. You do not know what he really is; then pray do not pain + me by speaking of him in such terms.” + + “Lizzy,” said her father, “I have given him my consent. He is the + kind of man, indeed, to whom I should never dare refuse anything, + which he condescended to ask. I now give it to _you_, if you are + resolved on having him. But let me advise you to think better of + it. I know your disposition, Lizzy. I know that you could be + neither happy nor respectable, unless you truly esteemed your + husband; unless you looked up to him as a superior. Your lively + talents would place you in the greatest danger in an unequal + marriage. You could scarcely escape discredit and misery. My + child, let me not have the grief of seeing _you_ unable to + respect your partner in life. You know not what you are about.” + + Elizabeth, still more affected, was earnest and solemn in her + reply; and at length, by repeated assurances that Mr. Darcy was + really the object of her choice, by explaining the gradual change + which her estimation of him had undergone, relating her absolute + certainty that his affection was not the work of a day, but had + stood the test of many months’ suspense, and enumerating with + energy all his good qualities, she did conquer her father’s + incredulity, and reconcile him to the match. + + “Well, my dear,” said he, when she ceased speaking, “I have no + more to say. If this be the case, he deserves you. I could not + have parted with you, my Lizzy, to anyone less worthy.” + + To complete the favourable impression, she then told him what Mr. + Darcy had voluntarily done for Lydia. He heard her with + astonishment. + + “This is an evening of wonders, indeed! And so, Darcy did every + thing; made up the match, gave the money, paid the fellow’s + debts, and got him his commission! So much the better. It will + save me a world of trouble and economy. Had it been your uncle’s + doing, I must and _would_ have paid him; but these violent young + lovers carry every thing their own way. I shall offer to pay him + to-morrow; he will rant and storm about his love for you, and + there will be an end of the matter.” + + He then recollected her embarrassment a few days before, on his + reading Mr. Collins’s letter; and after laughing at her some + time, allowed her at last to go—saying, as she quitted the room, + “If any young men come for Mary or Kitty, send them in, for I am + quite at leisure.” + + Elizabeth’s mind was now relieved from a very heavy weight; and, + after half an hour’s quiet reflection in her own room, she was + able to join the others with tolerable composure. Every thing was + too recent for gaiety, but the evening passed tranquilly away; + there was no longer anything material to be dreaded, and the + comfort of ease and familiarity would come in time. + + When her mother went up to her dressing-room at night, she + followed her, and made the important communication. Its effect + was most extraordinary; for on first hearing it, Mrs. Bennet sat + quite still, and unable to utter a syllable. Nor was it under + many, many minutes that she could comprehend what she heard; + though not in general backward to credit what was for the + advantage of her family, or that came in the shape of a lover to + any of them. She began at length to recover, to fidget about in + her chair, get up, sit down again, wonder, and bless herself. + + “Good gracious! Lord bless me! only think! dear me! Mr. Darcy! + Who would have thought it! And is it really true? Oh! my sweetest + Lizzy! how rich and how great you will be! What pin-money, what + jewels, what carriages you will have! Jane’s is nothing to + it—nothing at all. I am so pleased—so happy. Such a charming + man!—so handsome! so tall!—Oh, my dear Lizzy! pray apologise for + my having disliked him so much before. I hope he will overlook + it. Dear, dear Lizzy. A house in town! Every thing that is + charming! Three daughters married! Ten thousand a year! Oh, Lord! + What will become of me. I shall go distracted.” + + This was enough to prove that her approbation need not be + doubted: and Elizabeth, rejoicing that such an effusion was heard + only by herself, soon went away. But before she had been three + minutes in her own room, her mother followed her. + + “My dearest child,” she cried, “I can think of nothing else! Ten + thousand a year, and very likely more! ’Tis as good as a Lord! + And a special licence. You must and shall be married by a special + licence. But my dearest love, tell me what dish Mr. Darcy is + particularly fond of, that I may have it to-morrow.” + + This was a sad omen of what her mother’s behaviour to the + gentleman himself might be; and Elizabeth found that, though in + the certain possession of his warmest affection, and secure of + her relations’ consent, there was still something to be wished + for. But the morrow passed off much better than she expected; for + Mrs. Bennet luckily stood in such awe of her intended son-in-law + that she ventured not to speak to him, unless it was in her power + to offer him any attention, or mark her deference for his + opinion. + + Elizabeth had the satisfaction of seeing her father taking pains + to get acquainted with him; and Mr. Bennet soon assured her that + he was rising every hour in his esteem. + + “I admire all my three sons-in-law highly,” said he. “Wickham, + perhaps, is my favourite; but I think I shall like _your_ husband + quite as well as Jane’s.” + + + + + Chapter 60 + + Elizabeth’s spirits soon rising to playfulness again, she wanted + Mr. Darcy to account for his having ever fallen in love with her. + “How could you begin?” said she. “I can comprehend your going on + charmingly, when you had once made a beginning; but what could + set you off in the first place?” + + “I cannot fix on the hour, or the spot, or the look, or the + words, which laid the foundation. It is too long ago. I was in + the middle before I knew that I _had_ begun.” + + “My beauty you had early withstood, and as for my manners—my + behaviour to _you_ was at least always bordering on the uncivil, + and I never spoke to you without rather wishing to give you pain + than not. Now be sincere; did you admire me for my impertinence?” + + “For the liveliness of your mind, I did.” + + “You may as well call it impertinence at once. It was very little + less. The fact is, that you were sick of civility, of deference, + of officious attention. You were disgusted with the women who + were always speaking, and looking, and thinking for _your_ + approbation alone. I roused, and interested you, because I was so + unlike _them_. Had you not been really amiable, you would have + hated me for it; but in spite of the pains you took to disguise + yourself, your feelings were always noble and just; and in your + heart, you thoroughly despised the persons who so assiduously + courted you. There—I have saved you the trouble of accounting for + it; and really, all things considered, I begin to think it + perfectly reasonable. To be sure, you knew no actual good of + me—but nobody thinks of _that_ when they fall in love.” + + “Was there no good in your affectionate behaviour to Jane while + she was ill at Netherfield?” + + “Dearest Jane! who could have done less for her? But make a + virtue of it by all means. My good qualities are under your + protection, and you are to exaggerate them as much as possible; + and, in return, it belongs to me to find occasions for teasing + and quarrelling with you as often as may be; and I shall begin + directly by asking you what made you so unwilling to come to the + point at last. What made you so shy of me, when you first called, + and afterwards dined here? Why, especially, when you called, did + you look as if you did not care about me?” + + “Because you were grave and silent, and gave me no + encouragement.” + + “But I was embarrassed.” + + “And so was I.” + + “You might have talked to me more when you came to dinner.” + + “A man who had felt less, might.” + + “How unlucky that you should have a reasonable answer to give, + and that I should be so reasonable as to admit it! But I wonder + how long you _would_ have gone on, if you had been left to + yourself. I wonder when you _would_ have spoken, if I had not + asked you! My resolution of thanking you for your kindness to + Lydia had certainly great effect. _Too much_, I am afraid; for + what becomes of the moral, if our comfort springs from a breach + of promise? for I ought not to have mentioned the subject. This + will never do.” + + “You need not distress yourself. The moral will be perfectly + fair. Lady Catherine’s unjustifiable endeavours to separate us + were the means of removing all my doubts. I am not indebted for + my present happiness to your eager desire of expressing your + gratitude. I was not in a humour to wait for any opening of + yours. My aunt’s intelligence had given me hope, and I was + determined at once to know every thing.” + + “Lady Catherine has been of infinite use, which ought to make her + happy, for she loves to be of use. But tell me, what did you come + down to Netherfield for? Was it merely to ride to Longbourn and + be embarrassed? or had you intended any more serious + consequence?” + + “My real purpose was to see _you_, and to judge, if I could, + whether I might ever hope to make you love me. My avowed one, or + what I avowed to myself, was to see whether your sister were + still partial to Bingley, and if she were, to make the confession + to him which I have since made.” + + “Shall you ever have courage to announce to Lady Catherine what + is to befall her?” + + “I am more likely to want more time than courage, Elizabeth. But + it ought to be done, and if you will give me a sheet of paper, it + shall be done directly.” + + “And if I had not a letter to write myself, I might sit by you + and admire the evenness of your writing, as another young lady + once did. But I have an aunt, too, who must not be longer + neglected.” + + From an unwillingness to confess how much her intimacy with Mr. + Darcy had been over-rated, Elizabeth had never yet answered Mrs. + Gardiner’s long letter; but now, having _that_ to communicate + which she knew would be most welcome, she was almost ashamed to + find that her uncle and aunt had already lost three days of + happiness, and immediately wrote as follows: + + “I would have thanked you before, my dear aunt, as I ought to + have done, for your long, kind, satisfactory, detail of + particulars; but to say the truth, I was too cross to write. You + supposed more than really existed. But _now_ suppose as much as + you choose; give a loose rein to your fancy, indulge your + imagination in every possible flight which the subject will + afford, and unless you believe me actually married, you cannot + greatly err. You must write again very soon, and praise him a + great deal more than you did in your last. I thank you, again and + again, for not going to the Lakes. How could I be so silly as to + wish it! Your idea of the ponies is delightful. We will go round + the Park every day. I am the happiest creature in the world. + Perhaps other people have said so before, but not one with such + justice. I am happier even than Jane; she only smiles, I laugh. + Mr. Darcy sends you all the love in the world that he can spare + from me. You are all to come to Pemberley at Christmas. Yours, + etc.” + + Mr. Darcy’s letter to Lady Catherine was in a different style; + and still different from either was what Mr. Bennet sent to Mr. + Collins, in reply to his last. + + “Dear Sir, + “I must trouble you once more for congratulations. Elizabeth will + soon be the wife of Mr. Darcy. Console Lady Catherine as well as + you can. But, if I were you, I would stand by the nephew. He has + more to give. + + “Yours sincerely, etc.” + + Miss Bingley’s congratulations to her brother, on his approaching + marriage, were all that was affectionate and insincere. She wrote + even to Jane on the occasion, to express her delight, and repeat + all her former professions of regard. Jane was not deceived, but + she was affected; and though feeling no reliance on her, could + not help writing her a much kinder answer than she knew was + deserved. + + The joy which Miss Darcy expressed on receiving similar + information, was as sincere as her brother’s in sending it. Four + sides of paper were insufficient to contain all her delight, and + all her earnest desire of being loved by her sister. + + Before any answer could arrive from Mr. Collins, or any + congratulations to Elizabeth from his wife, the Longbourn family + heard that the Collinses were come themselves to Lucas Lodge. The + reason of this sudden removal was soon evident. Lady Catherine + had been rendered so exceedingly angry by the contents of her + nephew’s letter, that Charlotte, really rejoicing in the match, + was anxious to get away till the storm was blown over. At such a + moment, the arrival of her friend was a sincere pleasure to + Elizabeth, though in the course of their meetings she must + sometimes think the pleasure dearly bought, when she saw Mr. + Darcy exposed to all the parading and obsequious civility of her + husband. He bore it, however, with admirable calmness. He could + even listen to Sir William Lucas, when he complimented him on + carrying away the brightest jewel of the country, and expressed + his hopes of their all meeting frequently at St. James’s, with + very decent composure. If he did shrug his shoulders, it was not + till Sir William was out of sight. + + Mrs. Phillips’s vulgarity was another, and perhaps a greater, tax + on his forbearance; and though Mrs. Phillips, as well as her + sister, stood in too much awe of him to speak with the + familiarity which Bingley’s good humour encouraged, yet, whenever + she _did_ speak, she must be vulgar. Nor was her respect for him, + though it made her more quiet, at all likely to make her more + elegant. Elizabeth did all she could to shield him from the + frequent notice of either, and was ever anxious to keep him to + herself, and to those of her family with whom he might converse + without mortification; and though the uncomfortable feelings + arising from all this took from the season of courtship much of + its pleasure, it added to the hope of the future; and she looked + forward with delight to the time when they should be removed from + society so little pleasing to either, to all the comfort and + elegance of their family party at Pemberley. + + + + + Chapter 61 + + Happy for all her maternal feelings was the day on which Mrs. + Bennet got rid of her two most deserving daughters. With what + delighted pride she afterwards visited Mrs. Bingley, and talked + of Mrs. Darcy, may be guessed. I wish I could say, for the sake + of her family, that the accomplishment of her earnest desire in + the establishment of so many of her children produced so happy an + effect as to make her a sensible, amiable, well-informed woman + for the rest of her life; though perhaps it was lucky for her + husband, who might not have relished domestic felicity in so + unusual a form, that she still was occasionally nervous and + invariably silly. + + Mr. Bennet missed his second daughter exceedingly; his affection + for her drew him oftener from home than anything else could do. + He delighted in going to Pemberley, especially when he was least + expected. + + Mr. Bingley and Jane remained at Netherfield only a twelvemonth. + So near a vicinity to her mother and Meryton relations was not + desirable even to _his_ easy temper, or _her_ affectionate heart. + The darling wish of his sisters was then gratified; he bought an + estate in a neighbouring county to Derbyshire, and Jane and + Elizabeth, in addition to every other source of happiness, were + within thirty miles of each other. + + Kitty, to her very material advantage, spent the chief of her + time with her two elder sisters. In society so superior to what + she had generally known, her improvement was great. She was not + of so ungovernable a temper as Lydia; and, removed from the + influence of Lydia’s example, she became, by proper attention and + management, less irritable, less ignorant, and less insipid. From + the further disadvantage of Lydia’s society she was of course + carefully kept, and though Mrs. Wickham frequently invited her to + come and stay with her, with the promise of balls and young men, + her father would never consent to her going. + + Mary was the only daughter who remained at home; and she was + necessarily drawn from the pursuit of accomplishments by Mrs. + Bennet’s being quite unable to sit alone. Mary was obliged to mix + more with the world, but she could still moralize over every + morning visit; and as she was no longer mortified by comparisons + between her sisters’ beauty and her own, it was suspected by her + father that she submitted to the change without much reluctance. + + As for Wickham and Lydia, their characters suffered no revolution + from the marriage of her sisters. He bore with philosophy the + conviction that Elizabeth must now become acquainted with + whatever of his ingratitude and falsehood had before been unknown + to her; and in spite of every thing, was not wholly without hope + that Darcy might yet be prevailed on to make his fortune. The + congratulatory letter which Elizabeth received from Lydia on her + marriage, explained to her that, by his wife at least, if not by + himself, such a hope was cherished. The letter was to this + effect: + + “My dear Lizzy, + “I wish you joy. If you love Mr. Darcy half as well as I do my + dear Wickham, you must be very happy. It is a great comfort to + have you so rich, and when you have nothing else to do, I hope + you will think of us. I am sure Wickham would like a place at + court very much, and I do not think we shall have quite money + enough to live upon without some help. Any place would do, of + about three or four hundred a year; but however, do not speak to + Mr. Darcy about it, if you had rather not. + + “Yours, etc.” + + As it happened that Elizabeth had much rather not, she + endeavoured in her answer to put an end to every entreaty and + expectation of the kind. Such relief, however, as it was in her + power to afford, by the practice of what might be called economy + in her own private expences, she frequently sent them. It had + always been evident to her that such an income as theirs, under + the direction of two persons so extravagant in their wants, and + heedless of the future, must be very insufficient to their + support; and whenever they changed their quarters, either Jane or + herself were sure of being applied to for some little assistance + towards discharging their bills. Their manner of living, even + when the restoration of peace dismissed them to a home, was + unsettled in the extreme. They were always moving from place to + place in quest of a cheap situation, and always spending more + than they ought. His affection for her soon sunk into + indifference; hers lasted a little longer; and in spite of her + youth and her manners, she retained all the claims to reputation + which her marriage had given her. + + Though Darcy could never receive _him_ at Pemberley, yet, for + Elizabeth’s sake, he assisted him further in his profession. + Lydia was occasionally a visitor there, when her husband was gone + to enjoy himself in London or Bath; and with the Bingleys they + both of them frequently staid so long, that even Bingley’s good + humour was overcome, and he proceeded so far as to _talk_ of + giving them a hint to be gone. + + Miss Bingley was very deeply mortified by Darcy’s marriage; but + as she thought it advisable to retain the right of visiting at + Pemberley, she dropt all her resentment; was fonder than ever of + Georgiana, almost as attentive to Darcy as heretofore, and paid + off every arrear of civility to Elizabeth. + + Pemberley was now Georgiana’s home; and the attachment of the + sisters was exactly what Darcy had hoped to see. They were able + to love each other even as well as they intended. Georgiana had + the highest opinion in the world of Elizabeth; though at first + she often listened with an astonishment bordering on alarm at her + lively, sportive, manner of talking to her brother. He, who had + always inspired in herself a respect which almost overcame her + affection, she now saw the object of open pleasantry. Her mind + received knowledge which had never before fallen in her way. By + Elizabeth’s instructions, she began to comprehend that a woman + may take liberties with her husband which a brother will not + always allow in a sister more than ten years younger than + himself. + + Lady Catherine was extremely indignant on the marriage of her + nephew; and as she gave way to all the genuine frankness of her + character in her reply to the letter which announced its + arrangement, she sent him language so very abusive, especially of + Elizabeth, that for some time all intercourse was at an end. But + at length, by Elizabeth’s persuasion, he was prevailed on to + overlook the offence, and seek a reconciliation; and, after a + little further resistance on the part of his aunt, her resentment + gave way, either to her affection for him, or her curiosity to + see how his wife conducted herself; and she condescended to wait + on them at Pemberley, in spite of that pollution which its woods + had received, not merely from the presence of such a mistress, + but the visits of her uncle and aunt from the city. + + With the Gardiners, they were always on the most intimate terms. + Darcy, as well as Elizabeth, really loved them; and they were + both ever sensible of the warmest gratitude towards the persons + who, by bringing her into Derbyshire, had been the means of + uniting them. + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** + +***** This file should be named 1342-0.txt or 1342-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/1/3/4/1342/ + +Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + diff --git a/week5/resources/war-and-peace.txt b/week5/resources/war-and-peace.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32a194b --- /dev/null +++ b/week5/resources/war-and-peace.txt @@ -0,0 +1,66055 @@ + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost +no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use +it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this +eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title War and Peace + +Author Leo Tolstoy + +Translators Louise and Aylmer Maude + +Posting Date January 10, 2009 [EBook #2600] + +Last Updated January 21, 2019 + +Language English + +Character set encoding UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAR AND PEACE *** + + + + +An Anonymous Volunteer, and David Widger + + + + + + +WAR AND PEACE + + +By Leo Tolstoy/Tolstoi + + + + + + CONTENTS + + + BOOK ONE 1805 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + CHAPTER XXIII + + CHAPTER XXIV + + CHAPTER XXV + + CHAPTER XXVI + + CHAPTER XXVII + + CHAPTER XXVIII + + + BOOK TWO 1805 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + + BOOK THREE 1805 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + + BOOK FOUR 1806 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + + BOOK FIVE 1806 - 07 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + + BOOK SIX 1808 - 10 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + CHAPTER XXIII + + CHAPTER XXIV + + CHAPTER XXV + + CHAPTER XXVI + + + BOOK SEVEN 1810 - 11 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + + BOOK EIGHT 1811 - 12 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + + BOOK NINE 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + CHAPTER XXIII + + + BOOK TEN 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + CHAPTER XXIII + + CHAPTER XXIV + + CHAPTER XXV + + CHAPTER XXVI + + CHAPTER XXVII + + CHAPTER XXVIII + + CHAPTER XXIX + + CHAPTER XXX + + CHAPTER XXXI + + CHAPTER XXXII + + CHAPTER XXXIII + + CHAPTER XXXIV + + CHAPTER XXXV + + CHAPTER XXXVI + + CHAPTER XXXVII + + CHAPTER XXXVIII + + CHAPTER XXXIX + + + BOOK ELEVEN 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + CHAPTER XXI + + CHAPTER XXII + + CHAPTER XXIII + + CHAPTER XXIV + + CHAPTER XXV + + CHAPTER XXVI + + CHAPTER XXVII + + CHAPTER XXVIII + + CHAPTER XXIX + + CHAPTER XXX + + CHAPTER XXXI + + CHAPTER XXXII + + CHAPTER XXXIII + + CHAPTER XXXIV + + + BOOK TWELVE 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + + BOOK THIRTEEN 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + + BOOK FOURTEEN 1812 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + + BOOK FIFTEEN 1812 - 13 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + CHAPTER XVII + + CHAPTER XVIII + + CHAPTER XIX + + CHAPTER XX + + + FIRST EPILOGUE 1813 - 20 + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + CHAPTER XIII + + CHAPTER XIV + + CHAPTER XV + + CHAPTER XVI + + + SECOND EPILOGUE + + CHAPTER I + + CHAPTER II + + CHAPTER III + + CHAPTER IV + + CHAPTER V + + CHAPTER VI + + CHAPTER VII + + CHAPTER VIII + + CHAPTER IX + + CHAPTER X + + CHAPTER XI + + CHAPTER XII + + + + + + + + + + +BOOK ONE 1805 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Well, Prince, so Genoa and Lucca are now just family estates of the +Buonapartes. But I warn you, if you dont tell me that this means war, +if you still try to defend the infamies and horrors perpetrated by that +AntichristI really believe he is AntichristI will have nothing +more to do with you and you are no longer my friend, no longer my +faithful slave, as you call yourself! But how do you do? I see I +have frightened yousit down and tell me all the news. + +It was in July, 1805, and the speaker was the well-known Anna Pvlovna +Schrer, maid of honor and favorite of the Empress Mrya Fdorovna. +With these words she greeted Prince Vasli Kurgin, a man of high +rank and importance, who was the first to arrive at her reception. Anna +Pvlovna had had a cough for some days. She was, as she said, suffering +from la grippe grippe being then a new word in St. Petersburg, used +only by the elite. + +All her invitations without exception, written in French, and delivered +by a scarlet-liveried footman that morning, ran as follows + +If you have nothing better to do, Count (or Prince), and if the +prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too terrible, +I shall be very charmed to see you tonight between 7 and 10Annette +Schrer. + +Heavens! what a virulent attack! replied the prince, not in the +least disconcerted by this reception. He had just entered, wearing an +embroidered court uniform, knee breeches, and shoes, and had stars on +his breast and a serene expression on his flat face. He spoke in that +refined French in which our grandfathers not only spoke but thought, and +with the gentle, patronizing intonation natural to a man of importance +who had grown old in society and at court. He went up to Anna Pvlovna, +kissed her hand, presenting to her his bald, scented, and shining head, +and complacently seated himself on the sofa. + +First of all, dear friend, tell me how you are. Set your friends +mind at rest, said he without altering his tone, beneath the +politeness and affected sympathy of which indifference and even irony +could be discerned. + +Can one be well while suffering morally? Can one be calm in times +like these if one has any feeling? said Anna Pvlovna. You are +staying the whole evening, I hope? + +And the fete at the English ambassadors? Today is Wednesday. I +must put in an appearance there, said the prince. My daughter is +coming for me to take me there. + +I thought todays fete had been canceled. I confess all these +festivities and fireworks are becoming wearisome. + +If they had known that you wished it, the entertainment would have +been put off, said the prince, who, like a wound-up clock, by force +of habit said things he did not even wish to be believed. + +Dont tease! Well, and what has been decided about Novosltsevs +dispatch? You know everything. + +What can one say about it? replied the prince in a cold, listless +tone. What has been decided? They have decided that Buonaparte has +burnt his boats, and I believe that we are ready to burn ours. + +Prince Vasli always spoke languidly, like an actor repeating a stale +part. Anna Pvlovna Schrer on the contrary, despite her forty years, +overflowed with animation and impulsiveness. To be an enthusiast had +become her social vocation and, sometimes even when she did not +feel like it, she became enthusiastic in order not to disappoint the +expectations of those who knew her. The subdued smile which, though it +did not suit her faded features, always played round her lips expressed, +as in a spoiled child, a continual consciousness of her charming defect, +which she neither wished, nor could, nor considered it necessary, to +correct. + +In the midst of a conversation on political matters Anna Pvlovna burst +out + +Oh, dont speak to me of Austria. Perhaps I dont understand +things, but Austria never has wished, and does not wish, for war. She +is betraying us! Russia alone must save Europe. Our gracious sovereign +recognizes his high vocation and will be true to it. That is the one +thing I have faith in! Our good and wonderful sovereign has to perform +the noblest role on earth, and he is so virtuous and noble that God will +not forsake him. He will fulfill his vocation and crush the hydra of +revolution, which has become more terrible than ever in the person of +this murderer and villain! We alone must avenge the blood of the just +one.... Whom, I ask you, can we rely on?... England with her commercial +spirit will not and cannot understand the Emperor Alexanders +loftiness of soul. She has refused to evacuate Malta. She wanted to +find, and still seeks, some secret motive in our actions. What answer +did Novosltsev get? None. The English have not understood and cannot +understand the self-abnegation of our Emperor who wants nothing for +himself, but only desires the good of mankind. And what have they +promised? Nothing! And what little they have promised they will not +perform! Prussia has always declared that Buonaparte is invincible, and +that all Europe is powerless before him.... And I dont believe a +word that Hardenburg says, or Haugwitz either. This famous Prussian +neutrality is just a trap. I have faith only in God and the lofty +destiny of our adored monarch. He will save Europe! + +She suddenly paused, smiling at her own impetuosity. + +I think, said the prince with a smile, that if you had been +sent instead of our dear Wintzingerode you would have captured the King +of Prussias consent by assault. You are so eloquent. Will you give me +a cup of tea? + +In a moment. propos, she added, becoming calm again, I am +expecting two very interesting men tonight, le Vicomte de Mortemart, who +is connected with the Montmorencys through the Rohans, one of the best +French families. He is one of the genuine migrs, the good ones. And +also the Abb Morio. Do you know that profound thinker? He has been +received by the Emperor. Had you heard? + +I shall be delighted to meet them, said the prince. But +tell me, he added with studied carelessness as if it had only just +occurred to him, though the question he was about to ask was the chief +motive of his visit, is it true that the Dowager Empress wants +Baron Funke to be appointed first secretary at Vienna? The baron by all +accounts is a poor creature. + +Prince Vasli wished to obtain this post for his son, but others were +trying through the Dowager Empress Mrya Fdorovna to secure it for +the baron. + +Anna Pvlovna almost closed her eyes to indicate that neither she nor +anyone else had a right to criticize what the Empress desired or was +pleased with. + +Baron Funke has been recommended to the Dowager Empress by her +sister, was all she said, in a dry and mournful tone. + +As she named the Empress, Anna Pvlovnas face suddenly assumed an +expression of profound and sincere devotion and respect mingled with +sadness, and this occurred every time she mentioned her illustrious +patroness. She added that Her Majesty had deigned to show Baron Funke +beaucoup destime, and again her face clouded over with sadness. + +The prince was silent and looked indifferent. But, with the womanly and +courtierlike quickness and tact habitual to her, Anna Pvlovna +wished both to rebuke him (for daring to speak as he had done of a man +recommended to the Empress) and at the same time to console him, so she +said + +Now about your family. Do you know that since your daughter came +out everyone has been enraptured by her? They say she is amazingly +beautiful. + +The prince bowed to signify his respect and gratitude. + +I often think, she continued after a short pause, drawing nearer +to the prince and smiling amiably at him as if to show that political +and social topics were ended and the time had come for intimate +conversationI often think how unfairly sometimes the joys of life +are distributed. Why has fate given you two such splendid children? +I dont speak of Anatole, your youngest. I dont like him, she +added in a tone admitting of no rejoinder and raising her eyebrows. +Two such charming children. And really you appreciate them less than +anyone, and so you dont deserve to have them. + +And she smiled her ecstatic smile. + +I cant help it, said the prince. Lavater would have said I +lack the bump of paternity. + +Dont joke I mean to have a serious talk with you. Do you know +I am dissatisfied with your younger son? Between ourselves (and her +face assumed its melancholy expression), he was mentioned at Her +Majestys and you were pitied.... + +The prince answered nothing, but she looked at him significantly, +awaiting a reply. He frowned. + +What would you have me do? he said at last. You know I did all +a father could for their education, and they have both turned out fools. +Hippolyte is at least a quiet fool, but Anatole is an active one. That +is the only difference between them. He said this smiling in a way +more natural and animated than usual, so that the wrinkles round +his mouth very clearly revealed something unexpectedly coarse and +unpleasant. + +And why are children born to such men as you? If you were not a +father there would be nothing I could reproach you with, said Anna +Pvlovna, looking up pensively. + +I am your faithful slave and to you alone I can confess that my +children are the bane of my life. It is the cross I have to bear. That +is how I explain it to myself. It cant be helped! + +He said no more, but expressed his resignation to cruel fate by a +gesture. Anna Pvlovna meditated. + +Have you never thought of marrying your prodigal son Anatole? she +asked. They say old maids have a mania for matchmaking, and though I +dont feel that weakness in myself as yet, I know a little person who +is very unhappy with her father. She is a relation of yours, Princess +Mary Bolknskaya. + +Prince Vasli did not reply, though, with the quickness of memory and +perception befitting a man of the world, he indicated by a movement of +the head that he was considering this information. + +Do you know, he said at last, evidently unable to check the sad +current of his thoughts, that Anatole is costing me forty thousand +rubles a year? And, he went on after a pause, what will it be in +five years, if he goes on like this? Presently he added Thats +what we fathers have to put up with.... Is this princess of yours +rich? + +Her father is very rich and stingy. He lives in the country. He is +the well-known Prince Bolknski who had to retire from the army under +the late Emperor, and was nicknamed the King of Prussia. He is +very clever but eccentric, and a bore. The poor girl is very unhappy. +She has a brother I think you know him, he married Lise Meinen lately. +He is an aide-de-camp of Kutzovs and will be here tonight. + +Listen, dear Annette, said the prince, suddenly taking Anna +Pvlovnas hand and for some reason drawing it downwards. Arrange +that affair for me and I shall always be your most devoted slave-slafe +with an f, as a village elder of mine writes in his reports. She is rich +and of good family and thats all I want. + +And with the familiarity and easy grace peculiar to him, he raised the +maid of honors hand to his lips, kissed it, and swung it to and fro +as he lay back in his armchair, looking in another direction. + +Attendez, said Anna Pvlovna, reflecting, Ill speak to +Lise, young Bolknskis wife, this very evening, and perhaps the +thing can be arranged. It shall be on your familys behalf that Ill +start my apprenticeship as old maid. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +Anna Pvlovnas drawing room was gradually filling. The highest +Petersburg society was assembled there people differing widely in age +and character but alike in the social circle to which they belonged. +Prince Vaslis daughter, the beautiful Hlne, came to take her +father to the ambassadors entertainment she wore a ball dress and +her badge as maid of honor. The youthful little Princess Bolknskaya, +known as la femme la plus sduisante de Ptersbourg, * was also there. +She had been married during the previous winter, and being pregnant did +not go to any large gatherings, but only to small receptions. Prince +Vaslis son, Hippolyte, had come with Mortemart, whom he introduced. +The Abb Morio and many others had also come. + + * The most fascinating woman in Petersburg. + +To each new arrival Anna Pvlovna said, You have not yet seen my +aunt, or You do not know my aunt? and very gravely conducted +him or her to a little old lady, wearing large bows of ribbon in her +cap, who had come sailing in from another room as soon as the guests +began to arrive and slowly turning her eyes from the visitor to her +aunt, Anna Pvlovna mentioned each ones name and then left them. + +Each visitor performed the ceremony of greeting this old aunt whom not +one of them knew, not one of them wanted to know, and not one of them +cared about Anna Pvlovna observed these greetings with mournful and +solemn interest and silent approval. The aunt spoke to each of them in +the same words, about their health and her own, and the health of Her +Majesty, who, thank God, was better today. And each visitor, +though politeness prevented his showing impatience, left the old woman +with a sense of relief at having performed a vexatious duty and did not +return to her the whole evening. + +The young Princess Bolknskaya had brought some work in a +gold-embroidered velvet bag. Her pretty little upper lip, on which a +delicate dark down was just perceptible, was too short for her teeth, +but it lifted all the more sweetly, and was especially charming when she +occasionally drew it down to meet the lower lip. As is always the case +with a thoroughly attractive woman, her defectthe shortness of her +upper lip and her half-open mouthseemed to be her own special and +peculiar form of beauty. Everyone brightened at the sight of this pretty +young woman, so soon to become a mother, so full of life and health, and +carrying her burden so lightly. Old men and dull dispirited young ones +who looked at her, after being in her company and talking to her a +little while, felt as if they too were becoming, like her, full of life +and health. All who talked to her, and at each word saw her bright smile +and the constant gleam of her white teeth, thought that they were in a +specially amiable mood that day. + +The little princess went round the table with quick, short, swaying +steps, her workbag on her arm, and gaily spreading out her dress sat +down on a sofa near the silver samovar, as if all she was doing was a +pleasure to herself and to all around her. I have brought my work, +said she in French, displaying her bag and addressing all present. +Mind, Annette, I hope you have not played a wicked trick on me, +she added, turning to her hostess. You wrote that it was to be quite +a small reception, and just see how badly I am dressed. And she +spread out her arms to show her short-waisted, lace-trimmed, dainty gray +dress, girdled with a broad ribbon just below the breast. + +Soyez tranquille, Lise, you will always be prettier than anyone +else, replied Anna Pvlovna. + +You know, said the princess in the same tone of voice and still in +French, turning to a general, my husband is deserting me? He is going +to get himself killed. Tell me what this wretched war is for? she +added, addressing Prince Vasli, and without waiting for an answer she +turned to speak to his daughter, the beautiful Hlne. + +What a delightful woman this little princess is! said Prince +Vasli to Anna Pvlovna. + +One of the next arrivals was a stout, heavily built young man with +close-cropped hair, spectacles, the light-colored breeches fashionable +at that time, a very high ruffle, and a brown dress coat. This stout +young man was an illegitimate son of Count Bezkhov, a well-known +grandee of Catherines time who now lay dying in Moscow. The young man +had not yet entered either the military or civil service, as he had only +just returned from abroad where he had been educated, and this was his +first appearance in society. Anna Pvlovna greeted him with the nod she +accorded to the lowest hierarchy in her drawing room. But in spite of +this lowest-grade greeting, a look of anxiety and fear, as at the sight +of something too large and unsuited to the place, came over her face +when she saw Pierre enter. Though he was certainly rather bigger than +the other men in the room, her anxiety could only have reference to +the clever though shy, but observant and natural, expression which +distinguished him from everyone else in that drawing room. + +It is very good of you, Monsieur Pierre, to come and visit a poor +invalid, said Anna Pvlovna, exchanging an alarmed glance with her +aunt as she conducted him to her. + +Pierre murmured something unintelligible, and continued to look round as +if in search of something. On his way to the aunt he bowed to the little +princess with a pleased smile, as to an intimate acquaintance. + +Anna Pvlovnas alarm was justified, for Pierre turned away from the +aunt without waiting to hear her speech about Her Majestys health. +Anna Pvlovna in dismay detained him with the words Do you know the +Abb Morio? He is a most interesting man. + +Yes, I have heard of his scheme for perpetual peace, and it is very +interesting but hardly feasible. + +You think so? rejoined Anna Pvlovna in order to say something +and get away to attend to her duties as hostess. But Pierre now +committed a reverse act of impoliteness. First he had left a lady before +she had finished speaking to him, and now he continued to speak to +another who wished to get away. With his head bent, and his big feet +spread apart, he began explaining his reasons for thinking the abbs +plan chimerical. + +We will talk of it later, said Anna Pvlovna with a smile. + +And having got rid of this young man who did not know how to behave, she +resumed her duties as hostess and continued to listen and watch, ready +to help at any point where the conversation might happen to flag. As +the foreman of a spinning mill, when he has set the hands to work, goes +round and notices here a spindle that has stopped or there one that +creaks or makes more noise than it should, and hastens to check the +machine or set it in proper motion, so Anna Pvlovna moved about her +drawing room, approaching now a silent, now a too-noisy group, and by a +word or slight rearrangement kept the conversational machine in steady, +proper, and regular motion. But amid these cares her anxiety about +Pierre was evident. She kept an anxious watch on him when he approached +the group round Mortemart to listen to what was being said there, and +again when he passed to another group whose center was the abb. + +Pierre had been educated abroad, and this reception at Anna +Pvlovnas was the first he had attended in Russia. He knew that all +the intellectual lights of Petersburg were gathered there and, like a +child in a toyshop, did not know which way to look, afraid of missing +any clever conversation that was to be heard. Seeing the self-confident +and refined expression on the faces of those present he was always +expecting to hear something very profound. At last he came up to Morio. +Here the conversation seemed interesting and he stood waiting for an +opportunity to express his own views, as young people are fond of doing. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Anna Pvlovnas reception was in full swing. The spindles hummed +steadily and ceaselessly on all sides. With the exception of the aunt, +beside whom sat only one elderly lady, who with her thin careworn face +was rather out of place in this brilliant society, the whole company had +settled into three groups. One, chiefly masculine, had formed round +the abb. Another, of young people, was grouped round the beautiful +Princess Hlne, Prince Vaslis daughter, and the little Princess +Bolknskaya, very pretty and rosy, though rather too plump for her age. +The third group was gathered round Mortemart and Anna Pvlovna. + +The vicomte was a nice-looking young man with soft features and polished +manners, who evidently considered himself a celebrity but out of +politeness modestly placed himself at the disposal of the circle in +which he found himself. Anna Pvlovna was obviously serving him up as +a treat to her guests. As a clever matre dhtel serves up as a +specially choice delicacy a piece of meat that no one who had seen it in +the kitchen would have cared to eat, so Anna Pvlovna served up to +her guests, first the vicomte and then the abb, as peculiarly choice +morsels. The group about Mortemart immediately began discussing the +murder of the Duc dEnghien. The vicomte said that the Duc dEnghien +had perished by his own magnanimity, and that there were particular +reasons for Buonapartes hatred of him. + +Ah, yes! Do tell us all about it, Vicomte, said Anna Pvlovna, +with a pleasant feeling that there was something la Louis XV in the +sound of that sentence Contez nous ela, Vicomte. + +The vicomte bowed and smiled courteously in token of his willingness to +comply. Anna Pvlovna arranged a group round him, inviting everyone to +listen to his tale. + +The vicomte knew the duc personally, whispered Anna Pvlovna to +one of the guests. The vicomte is a wonderful raconteur, said she +to another. How evidently he belongs to the best society, said she +to a third and the vicomte was served up to the company in the choicest +and most advantageous style, like a well-garnished joint of roast beef +on a hot dish. + +The vicomte wished to begin his story and gave a subtle smile. + +Come over here, Hlne, dear, said Anna Pvlovna to the +beautiful young princess who was sitting some way off, the center of +another group. + +The princess smiled. She rose with the same unchanging smile with which +she had first entered the roomthe smile of a perfectly beautiful +woman. With a slight rustle of her white dress trimmed with moss +and ivy, with a gleam of white shoulders, glossy hair, and sparkling +diamonds, she passed between the men who made way for her, not looking +at any of them but smiling on all, as if graciously allowing each the +privilege of admiring her beautiful figure and shapely shoulders, +back, and bosomwhich in the fashion of those days were very much +exposedand she seemed to bring the glamour of a ballroom with her as +she moved toward Anna Pvlovna. Hlne was so lovely that not only +did she not show any trace of coquetry, but on the contrary she even +appeared shy of her unquestionable and all too victorious beauty. She +seemed to wish, but to be unable, to diminish its effect. + +How lovely! said everyone who saw her and the vicomte lifted his +shoulders and dropped his eyes as if startled by something extraordinary +when she took her seat opposite and beamed upon him also with her +unchanging smile. + +Madame, I doubt my ability before such an audience, said he, +smilingly inclining his head. + +The princess rested her bare round arm on a little table and considered +a reply unnecessary. She smilingly waited. All the time the story was +being told she sat upright, glancing now at her beautiful round arm, +altered in shape by its pressure on the table, now at her still more +beautiful bosom, on which she readjusted a diamond necklace. From time +to time she smoothed the folds of her dress, and whenever the story +produced an effect she glanced at Anna Pvlovna, at once adopted just +the expression she saw on the maid of honors face, and again relapsed +into her radiant smile. + +The little princess had also left the tea table and followed Hlne. + +Wait a moment, Ill get my work.... Now then, what are you +thinking of? she went on, turning to Prince Hippolyte. Fetch me my +workbag. + +There was a general movement as the princess, smiling and talking +merrily to everyone at once, sat down and gaily arranged herself in her +seat. + +Now I am all right, she said, and asking the vicomte to begin, she +took up her work. + +Prince Hippolyte, having brought the workbag, joined the circle and +moving a chair close to hers seated himself beside her. + +Le charmant Hippolyte was surprising by his extraordinary resemblance +to his beautiful sister, but yet more by the fact that in spite of +this resemblance he was exceedingly ugly. His features were like his +sisters, but while in her case everything was lit up by a joyous, +self-satisfied, youthful, and constant smile of animation, and by the +wonderful classic beauty of her figure, his face on the contrary +was dulled by imbecility and a constant expression of sullen +self-confidence, while his body was thin and weak. His eyes, nose, and +mouth all seemed puckered into a vacant, wearied grimace, and his arms +and legs always fell into unnatural positions. + +Its not going to be a ghost story? said he, sitting down beside +the princess and hastily adjusting his lorgnette, as if without this +instrument he could not begin to speak. + +Why no, my dear fellow, said the astonished narrator, shrugging +his shoulders. + +Because I hate ghost stories, said Prince Hippolyte in a tone +which showed that he only understood the meaning of his words after he +had uttered them. + +He spoke with such self-confidence that his hearers could not be sure +whether what he said was very witty or very stupid. He was dressed in +a dark-green dress coat, knee breeches of the color of cuisse de nymphe +effraye, as he called it, shoes, and silk stockings. + +The vicomte told his tale very neatly. It was an anecdote, then current, +to the effect that the Duc dEnghien had gone secretly to Paris to +visit Mademoiselle George that at her house he came upon Bonaparte, +who also enjoyed the famous actress favors, and that in his presence +Napoleon happened to fall into one of the fainting fits to which he was +subject, and was thus at the ducs mercy. The latter spared him, and +this magnanimity Bonaparte subsequently repaid by death. + +The story was very pretty and interesting, especially at the point +where the rivals suddenly recognized one another and the ladies looked +agitated. + +Charming! said Anna Pvlovna with an inquiring glance at the +little princess. + +Charming! whispered the little princess, sticking the needle into +her work as if to testify that the interest and fascination of the story +prevented her from going on with it. + +The vicomte appreciated this silent praise and smiling gratefully +prepared to continue, but just then Anna Pvlovna, who had kept a +watchful eye on the young man who so alarmed her, noticed that he was +talking too loudly and vehemently with the abb, so she hurried to the +rescue. Pierre had managed to start a conversation with the abb about +the balance of power, and the latter, evidently interested by the young +mans simple-minded eagerness, was explaining his pet theory. Both +were talking and listening too eagerly and too naturally, which was why +Anna Pvlovna disapproved. + +The means are ... the balance of power in Europe and the rights of +the people, the abb was saying. It is only necessary for one +powerful nation like Russiabarbaric as she is said to beto place +herself disinterestedly at the head of an alliance having for its object +the maintenance of the balance of power of Europe, and it would save the +world! + +But how are you to get that balance? Pierre was beginning. + +At that moment Anna Pvlovna came up and, looking severely at Pierre, +asked the Italian how he stood Russian climate. The Italians +face instantly changed and assumed an offensively affected, sugary +expression, evidently habitual to him when conversing with women. + +I am so enchanted by the brilliancy of the wit and culture of the +society, more especially of the feminine society, in which I have had +the honor of being received, that I have not yet had time to think of +the climate, said he. + +Not letting the abb and Pierre escape, Anna Pvlovna, the more +conveniently to keep them under observation, brought them into the +larger circle. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Just then another visitor entered the drawing room Prince Andrew +Bolknski, the little princess husband. He was a very handsome young +man, of medium height, with firm, clearcut features. Everything about +him, from his weary, bored expression to his quiet, measured step, +offered a most striking contrast to his quiet, little wife. It was +evident that he not only knew everyone in the drawing room, but had +found them to be so tiresome that it wearied him to look at or listen to +them. And among all these faces that he found so tedious, none seemed +to bore him so much as that of his pretty wife. He turned away from +her with a grimace that distorted his handsome face, kissed Anna +Pvlovnas hand, and screwing up his eyes scanned the whole company. + +You are off to the war, Prince? said Anna Pvlovna. + +General Kutzov, said Bolknski, speaking French and stressing +the last syllable of the generals name like a Frenchman, has been +pleased to take me as an aide-de-camp.... + +And Lise, your wife? + +She will go to the country. + +Are you not ashamed to deprive us of your charming wife? + +Andr, said his wife, addressing her husband in the same +coquettish manner in which she spoke to other men, the vicomte has +been telling us such a tale about Mademoiselle George and Buonaparte! + +Prince Andrew screwed up his eyes and turned away. Pierre, who from +the moment Prince Andrew entered the room had watched him with glad, +affectionate eyes, now came up and took his arm. Before he looked round +Prince Andrew frowned again, expressing his annoyance with whoever was +touching his arm, but when he saw Pierres beaming face he gave him an +unexpectedly kind and pleasant smile. + +There now!... So you, too, are in the great world? said he to +Pierre. + +I knew you would be here, replied Pierre. I will come to supper +with you. May I? he added in a low voice so as not to disturb the +vicomte who was continuing his story. + +No, impossible! said Prince Andrew, laughing and pressing +Pierres hand to show that there was no need to ask the question. He +wished to say something more, but at that moment Prince Vasli and his +daughter got up to go and the two young men rose to let them pass. + +You must excuse me, dear Vicomte, said Prince Vasli to the +Frenchman, holding him down by the sleeve in a friendly way to prevent +his rising. This unfortunate fete at the ambassadors deprives me +of a pleasure, and obliges me to interrupt you. I am very sorry to leave +your enchanting party, said he, turning to Anna Pvlovna. + +His daughter, Princess Hlne, passed between the chairs, lightly +holding up the folds of her dress, and the smile shone still more +radiantly on her beautiful face. Pierre gazed at her with rapturous, +almost frightened, eyes as she passed him. + +Very lovely, said Prince Andrew. + +Very, said Pierre. + +In passing Prince Vasli seized Pierres hand and said to Anna +Pvlovna Educate this bear for me! He has been staying with me +a whole month and this is the first time I have seen him in society. +Nothing is so necessary for a young man as the society of clever +women. + + +Anna Pvlovna smiled and promised to take Pierre in hand. She knew his +father to be a connection of Prince Vaslis. The elderly lady who +had been sitting with the old aunt rose hurriedly and overtook Prince +Vasli in the anteroom. All the affectation of interest she had assumed +had left her kindly and tear-worn face and it now expressed only anxiety +and fear. + +How about my son Bors, Prince? said she, hurrying after him into +the anteroom. I cant remain any longer in Petersburg. Tell me what +news I may take back to my poor boy. + +Although Prince Vasli listened reluctantly and not very politely +to the elderly lady, even betraying some impatience, she gave him an +ingratiating and appealing smile, and took his hand that he might not go +away. + +What would it cost you to say a word to the Emperor, and then he +would be transferred to the Guards at once? said she. + +Believe me, Princess, I am ready to do all I can, answered Prince +Vasli, but it is difficult for me to ask the Emperor. I should +advise you to appeal to Rumyntsev through Prince Goltsyn. That would +be the best way. + +The elderly lady was a Princess Drubetskya, belonging to one of the +best families in Russia, but she was poor, and having long been out of +society had lost her former influential connections. She had now come to +Petersburg to procure an appointment in the Guards for her only son. +It was, in fact, solely to meet Prince Vasli that she had obtained an +invitation to Anna Pvlovnas reception and had sat listening to +the vicomtes story. Prince Vaslis words frightened her, an +embittered look clouded her once handsome face, but only for a moment +then she smiled again and clutched Prince Vaslis arm more tightly. + +Listen to me, Prince, said she. I have never yet asked you +for anything and I never will again, nor have I ever reminded you of my +fathers friendship for you but now I entreat you for Gods sake to +do this for my sonand I shall always regard you as a benefactor, +she added hurriedly. No, dont be angry, but promise! I have asked +Goltsyn and he has refused. Be the kindhearted man you always were, +she said, trying to smile though tears were in her eyes. + +Papa, we shall be late, said Princess Hlne, turning her +beautiful head and looking over her classically molded shoulder as she +stood waiting by the door. + +Influence in society, however, is a capital which has to be economized +if it is to last. Prince Vasli knew this, and having once realized +that if he asked on behalf of all who begged of him, he would soon be +unable to ask for himself, he became chary of using his influence. But +in Princess Drubetskyas case he felt, after her second appeal, +something like qualms of conscience. She had reminded him of what was +quite true he had been indebted to her father for the first steps in +his career. Moreover, he could see by her manners that she was one of +those womenmostly motherswho, having once made up their minds, +will not rest until they have gained their end, and are prepared if +necessary to go on insisting day after day and hour after hour, and even +to make scenes. This last consideration moved him. + +My dear Anna Mikhylovna, said he with his usual familiarity and +weariness of tone, it is almost impossible for me to do what you +ask but to prove my devotion to you and how I respect your fathers +memory, I will do the impossibleyour son shall be transferred to the +Guards. Here is my hand on it. Are you satisfied? + +My dear benefactor! This is what I expected from youI knew your +kindness! He turned to go. + +Waitjust a word! When he has been transferred to the Guards... +she faltered. You are on good terms with Michael Ilarinovich +Kutzov ... recommend Bors to him as adjutant! Then I shall be at +rest, and then... + +Prince Vasli smiled. + +No, I wont promise that. You dont know how Kutzov is pestered +since his appointment as Commander in Chief. He told me himself that +all the Moscow ladies have conspired to give him all their sons as +adjutants. + +No, but do promise! I wont let you go! My dear benefactor... + +Papa, said his beautiful daughter in the same tone as before, +we shall be late. + +Well, au revoir! Good-by! You hear her? + +Then tomorrow you will speak to the Emperor? + +Certainly but about Kutzov, I dont promise. + +Do promise, do promise, Vasli! cried Anna Mikhylovna as he +went, with the smile of a coquettish girl, which at one time probably +came naturally to her, but was now very ill-suited to her careworn face. + +Apparently she had forgotten her age and by force of habit employed +all the old feminine arts. But as soon as the prince had gone her face +resumed its former cold, artificial expression. She returned to the +group where the vicomte was still talking, and again pretended to +listen, while waiting till it would be time to leave. Her task was +accomplished. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +And what do you think of this latest comedy, the coronation at +Milan? asked Anna Pvlovna, and of the comedy of the people of +Genoa and Lucca laying their petitions before Monsieur Buonaparte, and +Monsieur Buonaparte sitting on a throne and granting the petitions of +the nations? Adorable! It is enough to make ones head whirl! It is as +if the whole world had gone crazy. + +Prince Andrew looked Anna Pvlovna straight in the face with a +sarcastic smile. + +Dieu me la donne, gare qui la touche! * They say he was +very fine when he said that, he remarked, repeating the words in +Italian Dio mi lha dato. Guai a chi la tocchi! + + * God has given it to me, let him who touches it beware! + +I hope this will prove the last drop that will make the glass run +over, Anna Pvlovna continued. The sovereigns will not be able to +endure this man who is a menace to everything. + +The sovereigns? I do not speak of Russia, said the vicomte, polite +but hopeless The sovereigns, madame... What have they done for Louis +XVII, for the Queen, or for Madame Elizabeth? Nothing! and he became +more animated. And believe me, they are reaping the reward of their +betrayal of the Bourbon cause. The sovereigns! Why, they are sending +ambassadors to compliment the usurper. + +And sighing disdainfully, he again changed his position. + +Prince Hippolyte, who had been gazing at the vicomte for some time +through his lorgnette, suddenly turned completely round toward the +little princess, and having asked for a needle began tracing the Cond +coat of arms on the table. He explained this to her with as much gravity +as if she had asked him to do it. + +Bton de gueules, engrl de gueules dazurmaison Cond, +said he. + +The princess listened, smiling. + +If Buonaparte remains on the throne of France a year longer, the +vicomte continued, with the air of a man who, in a matter with which +he is better acquainted than anyone else, does not listen to others but +follows the current of his own thoughts, things will have gone too +far. By intrigues, violence, exile, and executions, French societyI +mean good French societywill have been forever destroyed, and +then.... + +He shrugged his shoulders and spread out his hands. Pierre wished to +make a remark, for the conversation interested him, but Anna Pvlovna, +who had him under observation, interrupted + +The Emperor Alexander, said she, with the melancholy which +always accompanied any reference of hers to the Imperial family, has +declared that he will leave it to the French people themselves to choose +their own form of government and I believe that once free from the +usurper, the whole nation will certainly throw itself into the arms +of its rightful king, she concluded, trying to be amiable to the +royalist emigrant. + +That is doubtful, said Prince Andrew. Monsieur le Vicomte quite +rightly supposes that matters have already gone too far. I think it will +be difficult to return to the old regime. + +From what I have heard, said Pierre, blushing and breaking into +the conversation, almost all the aristocracy has already gone over to +Bonapartes side. + +It is the Buonapartists who say that, replied the vicomte without +looking at Pierre. At the present time it is difficult to know the +real state of French public opinion. + +Bonaparte has said so, remarked Prince Andrew with a sarcastic +smile. + +It was evident that he did not like the vicomte and was aiming his +remarks at him, though without looking at him. + +I showed them the path to glory, but they did not follow +it, Prince Andrew continued after a short silence, again quoting +Napoleons words. I opened my antechambers and they crowded +in. I do not know how far he was justified in saying so. + +Not in the least, replied the vicomte. After the murder of the +duc even the most partial ceased to regard him as a hero. If to some +people, he went on, turning to Anna Pvlovna, he ever was a hero, +after the murder of the duc there was one martyr more in heaven and one +hero less on earth. + +Before Anna Pvlovna and the others had time to smile their +appreciation of the vicomtes epigram, Pierre again broke into the +conversation, and though Anna Pvlovna felt sure he would say something +inappropriate, she was unable to stop him. + +The execution of the Duc dEnghien, declared Monsieur Pierre, +was a political necessity, and it seems to me that Napoleon +showed greatness of soul by not fearing to take on himself the whole +responsibility of that deed. + +Dieu! Mon Dieu! muttered Anna Pvlovna in a terrified whisper. + +What, Monsieur Pierre... Do you consider that assassination shows +greatness of soul? said the little princess, smiling and drawing her +work nearer to her. + +Oh! Oh! exclaimed several voices. + +Capital! said Prince Hippolyte in English, and began slapping his +knee with the palm of his hand. + +The vicomte merely shrugged his shoulders. Pierre looked solemnly at his +audience over his spectacles and continued. + +I say so, he continued desperately, because the Bourbons fled +from the Revolution leaving the people to anarchy, and Napoleon alone +understood the Revolution and quelled it, and so for the general good, +he could not stop short for the sake of one mans life. + +Wont you come over to the other table? suggested Anna +Pvlovna. + +But Pierre continued his speech without heeding her. + +No, cried he, becoming more and more eager, Napoleon is great +because he rose superior to the Revolution, suppressed its abuses, +preserved all that was good in itequality of citizenship and freedom +of speech and of the pressand only for that reason did he obtain +power. + +Yes, if having obtained power, without availing himself of it to +commit murder he had restored it to the rightful king, I should have +called him a great man, remarked the vicomte. + +He could not do that. The people only gave him power that he might +rid them of the Bourbons and because they saw that he was a great +man. The Revolution was a grand thing! continued Monsieur Pierre, +betraying by this desperate and provocative proposition his extreme +youth and his wish to express all that was in his mind. + +What? Revolution and regicide a grand thing?... Well, after that... +But wont you come to this other table? repeated Anna Pvlovna. + +Rousseaus Contrat Social, said the vicomte with a tolerant +smile. + +I am not speaking of regicide, I am speaking about ideas. + +Yes ideas of robbery, murder, and regicide, again interjected an +ironical voice. + +Those were extremes, no doubt, but they are not what is most +important. What is important are the rights of man, emancipation from +prejudices, and equality of citizenship, and all these ideas Napoleon +has retained in full force. + +Liberty and equality, said the vicomte contemptuously, as if at +last deciding seriously to prove to this youth how foolish his words +were, high-sounding words which have long been discredited. Who does +not love liberty and equality? Even our Saviour preached liberty and +equality. Have people since the Revolution become happier? On the +contrary. We wanted liberty, but Buonaparte has destroyed it. + +Prince Andrew kept looking with an amused smile from Pierre to the +vicomte and from the vicomte to their hostess. In the first moment of +Pierres outburst Anna Pvlovna, despite her social experience, was +horror-struck. But when she saw that Pierres sacrilegious words +had not exasperated the vicomte, and had convinced herself that it was +impossible to stop him, she rallied her forces and joined the vicomte in +a vigorous attack on the orator. + +But, my dear Monsieur Pierre, said she, how do you explain the +fact of a great man executing a ducor even an ordinary man whois +innocent and untried? + +I should like, said the vicomte, to ask how monsieur explains +the 18th Brumaire was not that an imposture? It was a swindle, and not +at all like the conduct of a great man! + +And the prisoners he killed in Africa? That was horrible! said the +little princess, shrugging her shoulders. + +Hes a low fellow, say what you will, remarked Prince Hippolyte. + +Pierre, not knowing whom to answer, looked at them all and smiled. His +smile was unlike the half-smile of other people. When he smiled, +his grave, even rather gloomy, look was instantaneously replaced by +anothera childlike, kindly, even rather silly look, which seemed to +ask forgiveness. + +The vicomte who was meeting him for the first time saw clearly that +this young Jacobin was not so terrible as his words suggested. All were +silent. + +How do you expect him to answer you all at once? said Prince +Andrew. Besides, in the actions of a statesman one has to distinguish +between his acts as a private person, as a general, and as an emperor. +So it seems to me. + +Yes, yes, of course! Pierre chimed in, pleased at the arrival of +this reinforcement. + +One must admit, continued Prince Andrew, that Napoleon as a man +was great on the bridge of Arcola, and in the hospital at Jaffa where he +gave his hand to the plague-stricken but ... but there are other acts +which it is difficult to justify. + +Prince Andrew, who had evidently wished to tone down the awkwardness of +Pierres remarks, rose and made a sign to his wife that it was time to +go. + +Suddenly Prince Hippolyte started up making signs to everyone to attend, +and asking them all to be seated began + +I was told a charming Moscow story today and must treat you to it. +Excuse me, VicomteI must tell it in Russian or the point will be +lost.... And Prince Hippolyte began to tell his story in such Russian +as a Frenchman would speak after spending about a year in Russia. +Everyone waited, so emphatically and eagerly did he demand their +attention to his story. + +There is in Moscow a lady, une dame, and she is very stingy. She must +have two footmen behind her carriage, and very big ones. That was her +taste. And she had a ladys maid, also big. She said.... + +Here Prince Hippolyte paused, evidently collecting his ideas with +difficulty. + +She said.... Oh yes! She said, Girl, to the maid, put on a +livery, get up behind the carriage, and come with me while I make some +calls. + +Here Prince Hippolyte spluttered and burst out laughing long before his +audience, which produced an effect unfavorable to the narrator. Several +persons, among them the elderly lady and Anna Pvlovna, did however +smile. + +She went. Suddenly there was a great wind. The girl lost her hat and +her long hair came down.... Here he could contain himself no +longer and went on, between gasps of laughter And the whole world +knew.... + +And so the anecdote ended. Though it was unintelligible why he had told +it, or why it had to be told in Russian, still Anna Pvlovna and the +others appreciated Prince Hippolytes social tact in so agreeably +ending Pierres unpleasant and unamiable outburst. After the anecdote +the conversation broke up into insignificant small talk about the last +and next balls, about theatricals, and who would meet whom, and when and +where. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Having thanked Anna Pvlovna for her charming soiree, the guests began +to take their leave. + +Pierre was ungainly. Stout, about the average height, broad, with huge +red hands he did not know, as the saying is, how to enter a drawing +room and still less how to leave one that is, how to say something +particularly agreeable before going away. Besides this he was +absent-minded. When he rose to go, he took up instead of his own, the +generals three-cornered hat, and held it, pulling at the plume, +till the general asked him to restore it. All his absent-mindedness and +inability to enter a room and converse in it was, however, redeemed by +his kindly, simple, and modest expression. Anna Pvlovna turned toward +him and, with a Christian mildness that expressed forgiveness of his +indiscretion, nodded and said I hope to see you again, but I also +hope you will change your opinions, my dear Monsieur Pierre. + +When she said this, he did not reply and only bowed, but again everybody +saw his smile, which said nothing, unless perhaps, Opinions are +opinions, but you see what a capital, good-natured fellow I am. And +everyone, including Anna Pvlovna, felt this. + +Prince Andrew had gone out into the hall, and, turning his shoulders +to the footman who was helping him on with his cloak, listened +indifferently to his wifes chatter with Prince Hippolyte who had also +come into the hall. Prince Hippolyte stood close to the pretty, pregnant +princess, and stared fixedly at her through his eyeglass. + +Go in, Annette, or you will catch cold, said the little princess, +taking leave of Anna Pvlovna. It is settled, she added in a low +voice. + +Anna Pvlovna had already managed to speak to Lise about the match she +contemplated between Anatole and the little princess sister-in-law. + +I rely on you, my dear, said Anna Pvlovna, also in a low tone. +Write to her and let me know how her father looks at the matter. Au +revoir! and she left the hall. + +Prince Hippolyte approached the little princess and, bending his face +close to her, began to whisper something. + +Two footmen, the princess and his own, stood holding a shawl and +a cloak, waiting for the conversation to finish. They listened to +the French sentences which to them were meaningless, with an air of +understanding but not wishing to appear to do so. The princess as usual +spoke smilingly and listened with a laugh. + +I am very glad I did not go to the ambassadors, said Prince +Hippolyte so dull. It has been a delightful evening, has it +not? Delightful! + +They say the ball will be very good, replied the princess, drawing +up her downy little lip. All the pretty women in society will be +there. + +Not all, for you will not be there not all, said Prince Hippolyte +smiling joyfully and snatching the shawl from the footman, whom he +even pushed aside, he began wrapping it round the princess. Either from +awkwardness or intentionally (no one could have said which) after the +shawl had been adjusted he kept his arm around her for a long time, as +though embracing her. + +Still smiling, she gracefully moved away, turning and glancing at her +husband. Prince Andrews eyes were closed, so weary and sleepy did he +seem. + +Are you ready? he asked his wife, looking past her. + +Prince Hippolyte hurriedly put on his cloak, which in the latest fashion +reached to his very heels, and, stumbling in it, ran out into the porch +following the princess, whom a footman was helping into the carriage. + +Princesse, au revoir, cried he, stumbling with his tongue as well +as with his feet. + +The princess, picking up her dress, was taking her seat in the dark +carriage, her husband was adjusting his saber Prince Hippolyte, under +pretense of helping, was in everyones way. + +Allow me, sir, said Prince Andrew in Russian in a cold, +disagreeable tone to Prince Hippolyte who was blocking his path. + +I am expecting you, Pierre, said the same voice, but gently and +affectionately. + +The postilion started, the carriage wheels rattled. Prince Hippolyte +laughed spasmodically as he stood in the porch waiting for the vicomte +whom he had promised to take home. + +Well, mon cher, said the vicomte, having seated himself beside +Hippolyte in the carriage, your little princess is very nice, very +nice indeed, quite French, and he kissed the tips of his fingers. +Hippolyte burst out laughing. + +Do you know, you are a terrible chap for all your innocent airs, +continued the vicomte. I pity the poor husband, that little officer +who gives himself the airs of a monarch. + +Hippolyte spluttered again, and amid his laughter said, And you were +saying that the Russian ladies are not equal to the French? One has to +know how to deal with them. + +Pierre reaching the house first went into Prince Andrews study like +one quite at home, and from habit immediately lay down on the sofa, took +from the shelf the first book that came to his hand (it was Caesars +Commentaries), and resting on his elbow, began reading it in the middle. + +What have you done to Mlle Schrer? She will be quite ill now, +said Prince Andrew, as he entered the study, rubbing his small white +hands. + +Pierre turned his whole body, making the sofa creak. He lifted his eager +face to Prince Andrew, smiled, and waved his hand. + +That abb is very interesting but he does not see the thing in the +right light.... In my opinion perpetual peace is possible butI do not +know how to express it ... not by a balance of political power.... + +It was evident that Prince Andrew was not interested in such abstract +conversation. + +One cant everywhere say all one thinks, mon cher. Well, have +you at last decided on anything? Are you going to be a guardsman or a +diplomatist? asked Prince Andrew after a momentary silence. + +Pierre sat up on the sofa, with his legs tucked under him. + +Really, I dont yet know. I dont like either the one or the +other. + +But you must decide on something! Your father expects it. + +Pierre at the age of ten had been sent abroad with an abb as tutor, +and had remained away till he was twenty. When he returned to Moscow +his father dismissed the abb and said to the young man, Now go +to Petersburg, look round, and choose your profession. I will agree to +anything. Here is a letter to Prince Vasli, and here is money. Write +to me all about it, and I will help you in everything. Pierre had +already been choosing a career for three months, and had not decided +on anything. It was about this choice that Prince Andrew was speaking. +Pierre rubbed his forehead. + +But he must be a Freemason, said he, referring to the abb whom +he had met that evening. + +That is all nonsense. Prince Andrew again interrupted him, let +us talk business. Have you been to the Horse Guards? + +No, I have not but this is what I have been thinking and wanted +to tell you. There is a war now against Napoleon. If it were a war for +freedom I could understand it and should be the first to enter the army +but to help England and Austria against the greatest man in the world is +not right. + +Prince Andrew only shrugged his shoulders at Pierres childish words. +He put on the air of one who finds it impossible to reply to such +nonsense, but it would in fact have been difficult to give any other +answer than the one Prince Andrew gave to this nave question. + +If no one fought except on his own conviction, there would be no +wars, he said. + +And that would be splendid, said Pierre. + +Prince Andrew smiled ironically. + +Very likely it would be splendid, but it will never come about.... + +Well, why are you going to the war? asked Pierre. + +What for? I dont know. I must. Besides that I am going.... He +paused. I am going because the life I am leading here does not suit +me! + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +The rustle of a womans dress was heard in the next room. Prince +Andrew shook himself as if waking up, and his face assumed the look it +had had in Anna Pvlovnas drawing room. Pierre removed his feet from +the sofa. The princess came in. She had changed her gown for a house +dress as fresh and elegant as the other. Prince Andrew rose and politely +placed a chair for her. + +How is it, she began, as usual in French, settling down briskly +and fussily in the easy chair, how is it Annette never got married? +How stupid you men all are not to have married her! Excuse me for saying +so, but you have no sense about women. What an argumentative fellow you +are, Monsieur Pierre! + +And I am still arguing with your husband. I cant understand why he +wants to go to the war, replied Pierre, addressing the princess +with none of the embarrassment so commonly shown by young men in their +intercourse with young women. + +The princess started. Evidently Pierres words touched her to the +quick. + +Ah, that is just what I tell him! said she. I dont +understand it I dont in the least understand why men cant live +without wars. How is it that we women dont want anything of the kind, +dont need it? Now you shall judge between us. I always tell him Here +he is Uncles aide-de-camp, a most brilliant position. He is so +well known, so much appreciated by everyone. The other day at the +Aprksins I heard a lady asking, Is that the famous Prince +Andrew? I did indeed. She laughed. He is so well received +everywhere. He might easily become aide-de-camp to the Emperor. You know +the Emperor spoke to him most graciously. Annette and I were speaking of +how to arrange it. What do you think? + +Pierre looked at his friend and, noticing that he did not like the +conversation, gave no reply. + +When are you starting? he asked. + +Oh, dont speak of his going, dont! I wont hear it spoken +of, said the princess in the same petulantly playful tone in which +she had spoken to Hippolyte in the drawing room and which was so plainly +ill-suited to the family circle of which Pierre was almost a member. +Today when I remembered that all these delightful associations +must be broken off ... and then you know, Andr... (she looked +significantly at her husband) Im afraid, Im afraid! she +whispered, and a shudder ran down her back. + +Her husband looked at her as if surprised to notice that someone besides +Pierre and himself was in the room, and addressed her in a tone of +frigid politeness. + +What is it you are afraid of, Lise? I dont understand, said he. + +There, what egotists men all are all, all egotists! Just for a whim +of his own, goodness only knows why, he leaves me and locks me up alone +in the country. + +With my father and sister, remember, said Prince Andrew gently. + +Alone all the same, without my friends.... And he expects me not to +be afraid. + +Her tone was now querulous and her lip drawn up, giving her not a +joyful, but an animal, squirrel-like expression. She paused as if she +felt it indecorous to speak of her pregnancy before Pierre, though the +gist of the matter lay in that. + +I still cant understand what you are afraid of, said Prince +Andrew slowly, not taking his eyes off his wife. + +The princess blushed, and raised her arms with a gesture of despair. + +No, Andrew, I must say you have changed. Oh, how you have.... + +Your doctor tells you to go to bed earlier, said Prince Andrew. +You had better go. + +The princess said nothing, but suddenly her short downy lip quivered. +Prince Andrew rose, shrugged his shoulders, and walked about the room. + +Pierre looked over his spectacles with nave surprise, now at him and +now at her, moved as if about to rise too, but changed his mind. + +Why should I mind Monsieur Pierre being here? exclaimed the little +princess suddenly, her pretty face all at once distorted by a tearful +grimace. I have long wanted to ask you, Andrew, why you have changed +so to me? What have I done to you? You are going to the war and have no +pity for me. Why is it? + +Lise! was all Prince Andrew said. But that one word expressed +an entreaty, a threat, and above all conviction that she would herself +regret her words. But she went on hurriedly + +You treat me like an invalid or a child. I see it all! Did you behave +like that six months ago? + +Lise, I beg you to desist, said Prince Andrew still more +emphatically. + +Pierre, who had been growing more and more agitated as he listened to +all this, rose and approached the princess. He seemed unable to bear the +sight of tears and was ready to cry himself. + +Calm yourself, Princess! It seems so to you because.... I assure you +I myself have experienced ... and so ... because ... No, excuse me! +An outsider is out of place here.... No, dont distress yourself.... +Good-by! + +Prince Andrew caught him by the hand. + +No, wait, Pierre! The princess is too kind to wish to deprive me of +the pleasure of spending the evening with you. + +No, he thinks only of himself, muttered the princess without +restraining her angry tears. + +Lise! said Prince Andrew dryly, raising his voice to the pitch +which indicates that patience is exhausted. + +Suddenly the angry, squirrel-like expression of the princess pretty +face changed into a winning and piteous look of fear. Her beautiful eyes +glanced askance at her husbands face, and her own assumed the timid, +deprecating expression of a dog when it rapidly but feebly wags its +drooping tail. + +Mon Dieu, mon Dieu! she muttered, and lifting her dress with one +hand she went up to her husband and kissed him on the forehead. + +Good night, Lise, said he, rising and courteously kissing her hand +as he would have done to a stranger. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +The friends were silent. Neither cared to begin talking. Pierre +continually glanced at Prince Andrew Prince Andrew rubbed his forehead +with his small hand. + +Let us go and have supper, he said with a sigh, going to the door. + +They entered the elegant, newly decorated, and luxurious dining room. +Everything from the table napkins to the silver, china, and glass bore +that imprint of newness found in the households of the newly married. +Halfway through supper Prince Andrew leaned his elbows on the table and, +with a look of nervous agitation such as Pierre had never before seen on +his face, began to talkas one who has long had something on his mind +and suddenly determines to speak out. + +Never, never marry, my dear fellow! Thats my advice never marry +till you can say to yourself that you have done all you are capable of, +and until you have ceased to love the woman of your choice and have seen +her plainly as she is, or else you will make a cruel and irrevocable +mistake. Marry when you are old and good for nothingor all that is +good and noble in you will be lost. It will all be wasted on trifles. +Yes! Yes! Yes! Dont look at me with such surprise. If you marry +expecting anything from yourself in the future, you will feel at every +step that for you all is ended, all is closed except the drawing +room, where you will be ranged side by side with a court lackey and an +idiot!... But whats the good?... and he waved his arm. + +Pierre took off his spectacles, which made his face seem different and +the good-natured expression still more apparent, and gazed at his friend +in amazement. + +My wife, continued Prince Andrew, is an excellent woman, one +of those rare women with whom a mans honor is safe but, O God, what +would I not give now to be unmarried! You are the first and only one to +whom I mention this, because I like you. + +As he said this Prince Andrew was less than ever like that Bolknski +who had lolled in Anna Pvlovnas easy chairs and with half-closed +eyes had uttered French phrases between his teeth. Every muscle of his +thin face was now quivering with nervous excitement his eyes, in which +the fire of life had seemed extinguished, now flashed with brilliant +light. It was evident that the more lifeless he seemed at ordinary +times, the more impassioned he became in these moments of almost morbid +irritation. + +You dont understand why I say this, he continued, but it is +the whole story of life. You talk of Bonaparte and his career, said +he (though Pierre had not mentioned Bonaparte), but Bonaparte when +he worked went step by step toward his goal. He was free, he had nothing +but his aim to consider, and he reached it. But tie yourself up with +a woman and, like a chained convict, you lose all freedom! And all you +have of hope and strength merely weighs you down and torments you with +regret. Drawing rooms, gossip, balls, vanity, and trivialitythese are +the enchanted circle I cannot escape from. I am now going to the war, +the greatest war there ever was, and I know nothing and am fit for +nothing. I am very amiable and have a caustic wit, continued Prince +Andrew, and at Anna Pvlovnas they listen to me. And that stupid +set without whom my wife cannot exist, and those women.... If you only +knew what those society women are, and women in general! My father is +right. Selfish, vain, stupid, trivial in everythingthats what +women are when you see them in their true colors! When you meet them +in society it seems as if there were something in them, but theres +nothing, nothing, nothing! No, dont marry, my dear fellow dont +marry! concluded Prince Andrew. + +It seems funny to me, said Pierre, that you, you should +consider yourself incapable and your life a spoiled life. You have +everything before you, everything. And you.... + +He did not finish his sentence, but his tone showed how highly he +thought of his friend and how much he expected of him in the future. + +How can he talk like that? thought Pierre. He considered his +friend a model of perfection because Prince Andrew possessed in the +highest degree just the very qualities Pierre lacked, and which might +be best described as strength of will. Pierre was always astonished at +Prince Andrews calm manner of treating everybody, his extraordinary +memory, his extensive reading (he had read everything, knew everything, +and had an opinion about everything), but above all at his capacity for +work and study. And if Pierre was often struck by Andrews lack +of capacity for philosophical meditation (to which he himself was +particularly addicted), he regarded even this not as a defect but as a +sign of strength. + +Even in the best, most friendly and simplest relations of life, praise +and commendation are essential, just as grease is necessary to wheels +that they may run smoothly. + +My part is played out, said Prince Andrew. Whats the use of +talking about me? Let us talk about you, he added after a silence, +smiling at his reassuring thoughts. + +That smile was immediately reflected on Pierres face. + +But what is there to say about me? said Pierre, his face relaxing +into a careless, merry smile. What am I? An illegitimate son! +He suddenly blushed crimson, and it was plain that he had made a great +effort to say this. Without a name and without means... And it +really... But he did not say what it really was. For the +present I am free and am all right. Only I havent the least idea what +I am to do I wanted to consult you seriously. + +Prince Andrew looked kindly at him, yet his glancefriendly and +affectionate as it wasexpressed a sense of his own superiority. + +I am fond of you, especially as you are the one live man among our +whole set. Yes, youre all right! Choose what you will its all the +same. Youll be all right anywhere. But look here give up visiting +those Kurgins and leading that sort of life. It suits you so +badlyall this debauchery, dissipation, and the rest of it! + +What would you have, my dear fellow? answered Pierre, shrugging +his shoulders. Women, my dear fellow women! + +I dont understand it, replied Prince Andrew. Women who are +comme il faut, thats a different matter but the Kurgins set of +women, women and wine I dont understand! + +Pierre was staying at Prince Vasli Kurgins and sharing the +dissipated life of his son Anatole, the son whom they were planning to +reform by marrying him to Prince Andrews sister. + +Do you know? said Pierre, as if suddenly struck by a happy +thought, seriously, I have long been thinking of it.... Leading such +a life I cant decide or think properly about anything. Ones head +aches, and one spends all ones money. He asked me for tonight, but I +wont go. + +You give me your word of honor not to go? + +On my honor! + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +It was past one oclock when Pierre left his friend. It was a +cloudless, northern, summer night. Pierre took an open cab intending +to drive straight home. But the nearer he drew to the house the more he +felt the impossibility of going to sleep on such a night. It was light +enough to see a long way in the deserted street and it seemed more like +morning or evening than night. On the way Pierre remembered that Anatole +Kurgin was expecting the usual set for cards that evening, after which +there was generally a drinking bout, finishing with visits of a kind +Pierre was very fond of. + +I should like to go to Kurgins, thought he. + +But he immediately recalled his promise to Prince Andrew not to go +there. Then, as happens to people of weak character, he desired so +passionately once more to enjoy that dissipation he was so accustomed to +that he decided to go. The thought immediately occurred to him that his +promise to Prince Andrew was of no account, because before he gave it +he had already promised Prince Anatole to come to his gathering +besides, thought he, all such words of honor are +conventional things with no definite meaning, especially if +one considers that by tomorrow one may be dead, or something so +extraordinary may happen to one that honor and dishonor will be all the +same! Pierre often indulged in reflections of this sort, nullifying +all his decisions and intentions. He went to Kurgins. + +Reaching the large house near the Horse Guards barracks, in which +Anatole lived, Pierre entered the lighted porch, ascended the stairs, +and went in at the open door. There was no one in the anteroom empty +bottles, cloaks, and overshoes were lying about there was a smell of +alcohol, and sounds of voices and shouting in the distance. + +Cards and supper were over, but the visitors had not yet dispersed. +Pierre threw off his cloak and entered the first room, in which were the +remains of supper. A footman, thinking no one saw him, was drinking on +the sly what was left in the glasses. From the third room came sounds of +laughter, the shouting of familiar voices, the growling of a bear, and +general commotion. Some eight or nine young men were crowding anxiously +round an open window. Three others were romping with a young bear, one +pulling him by the chain and trying to set him at the others. + +I bet a hundred on Stevens! shouted one. + +Mind, no holding on! cried another. + +I bet on Dlokhov! cried a third. Kurgin, you part our +hands. + +There, leave Bruin alone heres a bet on. + +At one draught, or he loses! shouted a fourth. + +Jacob, bring a bottle! shouted the host, a tall, handsome fellow +who stood in the midst of the group, without a coat, and with his fine +linen shirt unfastened in front. Wait a bit, you fellows.... Here is +Ptya! Good man! cried he, addressing Pierre. + +Another voice, from a man of medium height with clear blue eyes, +particularly striking among all these drunken voices by its sober +ring, cried from the window Come here part the bets! This was +Dlokhov, an officer of the Semnov regiment, a notorious gambler and +duelist, who was living with Anatole. Pierre smiled, looking about him +merrily. + +I dont understand. Whats it all about? + +Wait a bit, he is not drunk yet! A bottle here, said Anatole, and +taking a glass from the table he went up to Pierre. + +First of all you must drink! + +Pierre drank one glass after another, looking from under his brows at +the tipsy guests who were again crowding round the window, and listening +to their chatter. Anatole kept on refilling Pierres glass while +explaining that Dlokhov was betting with Stevens, an English naval +officer, that he would drink a bottle of rum sitting on the outer ledge +of the third floor window with his legs hanging out. + +Go on, you must drink it all, said Anatole, giving Pierre the last +glass, or I wont let you go! + +No, I wont, said Pierre, pushing Anatole aside, and he went up +to the window. + +Dlokhov was holding the Englishmans hand and clearly and distinctly +repeating the terms of the bet, addressing himself particularly to +Anatole and Pierre. + +Dlokhov was of medium height, with curly hair and light-blue eyes. He +was about twenty-five. Like all infantry officers he wore no mustache, +so that his mouth, the most striking feature of his face, was clearly +seen. The lines of that mouth were remarkably finely curved. The middle +of the upper lip formed a sharp wedge and closed firmly on the firm +lower one, and something like two distinct smiles played continually +round the two corners of the mouth this, together with the resolute, +insolent intelligence of his eyes, produced an effect which made it +impossible not to notice his face. Dlokhov was a man of small means +and no connections. Yet, though Anatole spent tens of thousands of +rubles, Dlokhov lived with him and had placed himself on such a +footing that all who knew them, including Anatole himself, respected him +more than they did Anatole. Dlokhov could play all games and nearly +always won. However much he drank, he never lost his clearheadedness. +Both Kurgin and Dlokhov were at that time notorious among the rakes +and scapegraces of Petersburg. + +The bottle of rum was brought. The window frame which prevented anyone +from sitting on the outer sill was being forced out by two footmen, who +were evidently flurried and intimidated by the directions and shouts of +the gentlemen around. + +Anatole with his swaggering air strode up to the window. He wanted to +smash something. Pushing away the footmen he tugged at the frame, but +could not move it. He smashed a pane. + +You have a try, Hercules, said he, turning to Pierre. + +Pierre seized the crossbeam, tugged, and wrenched the oak frame out with +a crash. + +Take it right out, or theyll think Im holding on, said +Dlokhov. + +Is the Englishman bragging?... Eh? Is it all right? said Anatole. + +First-rate, said Pierre, looking at Dlokhov, who with a bottle +of rum in his hand was approaching the window, from which the light of +the sky, the dawn merging with the afterglow of sunset, was visible. + +Dlokhov, the bottle of rum still in his hand, jumped onto the window +sill. Listen! cried he, standing there and addressing those in the +room. All were silent. + +I bet fifty imperialshe spoke French that the Englishman might +understand him, but he did not speak it very wellI bet fifty +imperials ... or do you wish to make it a hundred? added he, +addressing the Englishman. + +No, fifty, replied the latter. + +All right. Fifty imperials ... that I will drink a whole bottle of +rum without taking it from my mouth, sitting outside the window on this +spot (he stooped and pointed to the sloping ledge outside the window) +and without holding on to anything. Is that right? + +Quite right, said the Englishman. + +Anatole turned to the Englishman and taking him by one of the buttons +of his coat and looking down at himthe Englishman was shortbegan +repeating the terms of the wager to him in English. + +Wait! cried Dlokhov, hammering with the bottle on the window +sill to attract attention. Wait a bit, Kurgin. Listen! If +anyone else does the same, I will pay him a hundred imperials. Do you +understand? + +The Englishman nodded, but gave no indication whether he intended to +accept this challenge or not. Anatole did not release him, and though +he kept nodding to show that he understood, Anatole went on translating +Dlokhovs words into English. A thin young lad, an hussar of the +Life Guards, who had been losing that evening, climbed on the window +sill, leaned over, and looked down. + +Oh! Oh! Oh! he muttered, looking down from the window at the +stones of the pavement. + +Shut up! cried Dlokhov, pushing him away from the window. The +lad jumped awkwardly back into the room, tripping over his spurs. + +Placing the bottle on the window sill where he could reach it easily, +Dlokhov climbed carefully and slowly through the window and lowered +his legs. Pressing against both sides of the window, he adjusted himself +on his seat, lowered his hands, moved a little to the right and then to +the left, and took up the bottle. Anatole brought two candles and +placed them on the window sill, though it was already quite light. +Dlokhovs back in his white shirt, and his curly head, were lit +up from both sides. Everyone crowded to the window, the Englishman in +front. Pierre stood smiling but silent. One man, older than the others +present, suddenly pushed forward with a scared and angry look and wanted +to seize hold of Dlokhovs shirt. + +I say, this is folly! Hell be killed, said this more sensible +man. + +Anatole stopped him. + +Dont touch him! Youll startle him and then hell be killed. +Eh?... What then?... Eh? + +Dlokhov turned round and, again holding on with both hands, arranged +himself on his seat. + +If anyone comes meddling again, said he, emitting the words +separately through his thin compressed lips, I will throw him down +there. Now then! + +Saying this he again turned round, dropped his hands, took the bottle +and lifted it to his lips, threw back his head, and raised his free hand +to balance himself. One of the footmen who had stooped to pick up some +broken glass remained in that position without taking his eyes from the +window and from Dlokhovs back. Anatole stood erect with staring +eyes. The Englishman looked on sideways, pursing up his lips. The man +who had wished to stop the affair ran to a corner of the room and threw +himself on a sofa with his face to the wall. Pierre hid his face, from +which a faint smile forgot to fade though his features now expressed +horror and fear. All were still. Pierre took his hands from his eyes. +Dlokhov still sat in the same position, only his head was thrown +further back till his curly hair touched his shirt collar, and the hand +holding the bottle was lifted higher and higher and trembled with the +effort. The bottle was emptying perceptibly and rising still higher +and his head tilting yet further back. Why is it so long? thought +Pierre. It seemed to him that more than half an hour had elapsed. +Suddenly Dlokhov made a backward movement with his spine, and his arm +trembled nervously this was sufficient to cause his whole body to slip +as he sat on the sloping ledge. As he began slipping down, his head and +arm wavered still more with the strain. One hand moved as if to clutch +the window sill, but refrained from touching it. Pierre again covered +his eyes and thought he would never open them again. Suddenly he was +aware of a stir all around. He looked up Dlokhov was standing on the +window sill, with a pale but radiant face. + +Its empty. + +He threw the bottle to the Englishman, who caught it neatly. Dlokhov +jumped down. He smelt strongly of rum. + +Well done!... Fine fellow!... Theres a bet for you!... Devil take +you! came from different sides. + +The Englishman took out his purse and began counting out the money. +Dlokhov stood frowning and did not speak. Pierre jumped upon the +window sill. + +Gentlemen, who wishes to bet with me? Ill do the same thing! +he suddenly cried. Even without a bet, there! Tell them to bring me a +bottle. Ill do it.... Bring a bottle! + +Let him do it, let him do it, said Dlokhov, smiling. + +What next? Have you gone mad?... No one would let you!... Why, you go +giddy even on a staircase, exclaimed several voices. + +Ill drink it! Lets have a bottle of rum! shouted Pierre, +banging the table with a determined and drunken gesture and preparing to +climb out of the window. + +They seized him by his arms but he was so strong that everyone who +touched him was sent flying. + +No, youll never manage him that way, said Anatole. Wait a +bit and Ill get round him.... Listen! Ill take your bet tomorrow, +but now we are all going to s. + +Come on then, cried Pierre. Come on!... And well take Bruin +with us. + +And he caught the bear, took it in his arms, lifted it from the ground, +and began dancing round the room with it. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Prince Vasli kept the promise he had given to Princess Drubetskya +who had spoken to him on behalf of her only son Bors on the evening of +Anna Pvlovnas soiree. The matter was mentioned to the Emperor, an +exception made, and Bors transferred into the regiment of Semnov +Guards with the rank of cornet. He received, however, no appointment +to Kutzovs staff despite all Anna Mikhylovnas endeavors and +entreaties. Soon after Anna Pvlovnas reception Anna Mikhylovna +returned to Moscow and went straight to her rich relations, the +Rostvs, with whom she stayed when in the town and where her darling +Bry, who had only just entered a regiment of the line and was being +at once transferred to the Guards as a cornet, had been educated from +childhood and lived for years at a time. The Guards had already left +Petersburg on the tenth of August, and her son, who had remained in +Moscow for his equipment, was to join them on the march to Radzivlov. + +It was St. Natalias day and the name day of two of the Rostvsthe +mother and the youngest daughterboth named Nataly. Ever since +the morning, carriages with six horses had been coming and going +continually, bringing visitors to the Countess Rostvas big house on +the Povarskya, so well known to all Moscow. The countess herself and +her handsome eldest daughter were in the drawing room with the visitors +who came to congratulate, and who constantly succeeded one another in +relays. + +The countess was a woman of about forty-five, with a thin Oriental type +of face, evidently worn out with childbearingshe had had twelve. +A languor of motion and speech, resulting from weakness, gave her a +distinguished air which inspired respect. Princess Anna Mikhylovna +Drubetskya, who as a member of the household was also seated in the +drawing room, helped to receive and entertain the visitors. The young +people were in one of the inner rooms, not considering it necessary to +take part in receiving the visitors. The count met the guests and saw +them off, inviting them all to dinner. + +I am very, very grateful to you, mon cher, or ma chrehe +called everyone without exception and without the slightest variation +in his tone, my dear, whether they were above or below him in +rankI thank you for myself and for our two dear ones whose name +day we are keeping. But mind you come to dinner or I shall be offended, +ma chre! On behalf of the whole family I beg you to come, mon cher! +These words he repeated to everyone without exception or variation, and +with the same expression on his full, cheerful, clean-shaven face, the +same firm pressure of the hand and the same quick, repeated bows. As +soon as he had seen a visitor off he returned to one of those who were +still in the drawing room, drew a chair toward him or her, and jauntily +spreading out his legs and putting his hands on his knees with the air +of a man who enjoys life and knows how to live, he swayed to and +fro with dignity, offered surmises about the weather, or touched on +questions of health, sometimes in Russian and sometimes in very bad but +self-confident French then again, like a man weary but unflinching in +the fulfillment of duty, he rose to see some visitors off and, stroking +his scanty gray hairs over his bald patch, also asked them to dinner. +Sometimes on his way back from the anteroom he would pass through the +conservatory and pantry into the large marble dining hall, where tables +were being set out for eighty people and looking at the footmen, who +were bringing in silver and china, moving tables, and unfolding damask +table linen, he would call Dmtri Vaslevich, a man of good family and +the manager of all his affairs, and while looking with pleasure at the +enormous table would say Well, Dmtri, youll see that things are +all as they should be? Thats right! The great thing is the serving, +thats it. And with a complacent sigh he would return to the +drawing room. + +Mrya Lvvna Kargina and her daughter! announced the +countess gigantic footman in his bass voice, entering the drawing +room. The countess reflected a moment and took a pinch from a gold +snuffbox with her husbands portrait on it. + +Im quite worn out by these callers. However, Ill see her and +no more. She is so affected. Ask her in, she said to the footman in a +sad voice, as if saying Very well, finish me off. + +A tall, stout, and proud-looking woman, with a round-faced smiling +daughter, entered the drawing room, their dresses rustling. + +Dear Countess, what an age... She has been laid up, poor child ... +at the Razumvskis ball ... and Countess Aprksina ... I was +so delighted... came the sounds of animated feminine voices, +interrupting one another and mingling with the rustling of dresses and +the scraping of chairs. Then one of those conversations began which last +out until, at the first pause, the guests rise with a rustle of dresses +and say, I am so delighted... Mammas health... and Countess +Aprksina... and then, again rustling, pass into the anteroom, put +on cloaks or mantles, and drive away. The conversation was on the chief +topic of the day the illness of the wealthy and celebrated beau of +Catherines day, Count Bezkhov, and about his illegitimate son +Pierre, the one who had behaved so improperly at Anna Pvlovnas +reception. + +I am so sorry for the poor count, said the visitor. He is in +such bad health, and now this vexation about his son is enough to kill +him! + +What is that? asked the countess as if she did not know what the +visitor alluded to, though she had already heard about the cause of +Count Bezkhovs distress some fifteen times. + +Thats what comes of a modern education, exclaimed the visitor. +It seems that while he was abroad this young man was allowed to do +as he liked, now in Petersburg I hear he has been doing such terrible +things that he has been expelled by the police. + +You dont say so! replied the countess. + +He chose his friends badly, interposed Anna Mikhylovna. +Prince Vaslis son, he, and a certain Dlokhov have, it is said, +been up to heaven only knows what! And they have had to suffer for it. +Dlokhov has been degraded to the ranks and Bezkhovs son sent +back to Moscow. Anatole Kurgins father managed somehow to get his +sons affair hushed up, but even he was ordered out of Petersburg. + +But what have they been up to? asked the countess. + +They are regular brigands, especially Dlokhov, replied the +visitor. He is a son of Mrya Ivnovna Dlokhova, such a worthy +woman, but there, just fancy! Those three got hold of a bear somewhere, +put it in a carriage, and set off with it to visit some actresses! The +police tried to interfere, and what did the young men do? They tied +a policeman and the bear back to back and put the bear into the Moyka +Canal. And there was the bear swimming about with the policeman on his +back! + +What a nice figure the policeman must have cut, my dear! shouted +the count, dying with laughter. + +Oh, how dreadful! How can you laugh at it, Count? + +Yet the ladies themselves could not help laughing. + +It was all they could do to rescue the poor man, continued the +visitor. And to think it is Cyril Vladmirovich Bezkhovs son +who amuses himself in this sensible manner! And he was said to be so +well educated and clever. This is all that his foreign education has +done for him! I hope that here in Moscow no one will receive him, in +spite of his money. They wanted to introduce him to me, but I quite +declined I have my daughters to consider. + +Why do you say this young man is so rich? asked the countess, +turning away from the girls, who at once assumed an air of inattention. +His children are all illegitimate. I think Pierre also is +illegitimate. + +The visitor made a gesture with her hand. + +I should think he has a score of them. + +Princess Anna Mikhylovna intervened in the conversation, evidently +wishing to show her connections and knowledge of what went on in +society. + +The fact of the matter is, said she significantly, and also in a +half whisper, everyone knows Count Cyrils reputation.... He has +lost count of his children, but this Pierre was his favorite. + +How handsome the old man still was only a year ago! remarked the +countess. I have never seen a handsomer man. + +He is very much altered now, said Anna Mikhylovna. Well, as +I was saying, Prince Vasli is the next heir through his wife, but the +count is very fond of Pierre, looked after his education, and wrote to +the Emperor about him so that in the case of his deathand he is +so ill that he may die at any moment, and Dr. Lorrain has come from +Petersburgno one knows who will inherit his immense fortune, Pierre +or Prince Vasli. Forty thousand serfs and millions of rubles! I know +it all very well for Prince Vasli told me himself. Besides, Cyril +Vladmirovich is my mothers second cousin. Hes also my Brys +godfather, she added, as if she attached no importance at all to the +fact. + +Prince Vasli arrived in Moscow yesterday. I hear he has come on +some inspection business, remarked the visitor. + +Yes, but between ourselves, said the princess, that is a +pretext. The fact is he has come to see Count Cyril Vladmirovich, +hearing how ill he is. + +But do you know, my dear, that was a capital joke, said the count +and seeing that the elder visitor was not listening, he turned to the +young ladies. I can just imagine what a funny figure that policeman +cut! + +And as he waved his arms to impersonate the policeman, his portly form +again shook with a deep ringing laugh, the laugh of one who always eats +well and, in particular, drinks well. So do come and dine with us! +he said. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Silence ensued. The countess looked at her callers, smiling affably, +but not concealing the fact that she would not be distressed if they +now rose and took their leave. The visitors daughter was already +smoothing down her dress with an inquiring look at her mother, when +suddenly from the next room were heard the footsteps of boys and girls +running to the door and the noise of a chair falling over, and a girl +of thirteen, hiding something in the folds of her short muslin frock, +darted in and stopped short in the middle of the room. It was evident +that she had not intended her flight to bring her so far. Behind her in +the doorway appeared a student with a crimson coat collar, an officer +of the Guards, a girl of fifteen, and a plump rosy-faced boy in a short +jacket. + +The count jumped up and, swaying from side to side, spread his arms wide +and threw them round the little girl who had run in. + +Ah, here she is! he exclaimed laughing. My pet, whose name day +it is. My dear pet! + +Ma chre, there is a time for everything, said the countess with +feigned severity. You spoil her, Ily, she added, turning to her +husband. + +How do you do, my dear? I wish you many happy returns of your name +day, said the visitor. What a charming child, she added, +addressing the mother. + +This black-eyed, wide-mouthed girl, not pretty but full of lifewith +childish bare shoulders which after her run heaved and shook her +bodice, with black curls tossed backward, thin bare arms, little legs +in lace-frilled drawers, and feet in low slipperswas just at that +charming age when a girl is no longer a child, though the child is not +yet a young woman. Escaping from her father she ran to hide her flushed +face in the lace of her mothers mantillanot paying the least +attention to her severe remarkand began to laugh. She laughed, and in +fragmentary sentences tried to explain about a doll which she produced +from the folds of her frock. + +Do you see?... My doll... Mimi... You see... was all Natsha +managed to utter (to her everything seemed funny). She leaned against +her mother and burst into such a loud, ringing fit of laughter that even +the prim visitor could not help joining in. + +Now then, go away and take your monstrosity with you, said the +mother, pushing away her daughter with pretended sternness, and turning +to the visitor she added She is my youngest girl. + +Natsha, raising her face for a moment from her mothers mantilla, +glanced up at her through tears of laughter, and again hid her face. + +The visitor, compelled to look on at this family scene, thought it +necessary to take some part in it. + +Tell me, my dear, said she to Natsha, is Mimi a relation of +yours? A daughter, I suppose? + +Natsha did not like the visitors tone of condescension to childish +things. She did not reply, but looked at her seriously. + +Meanwhile the younger generation Bors, the officer, Anna +Mikhylovnas son Nicholas, the undergraduate, the counts eldest +son Snya, the counts fifteen-year-old niece, and little Ptya, +his youngest boy, had all settled down in the drawing room and were +obviously trying to restrain within the bounds of decorum the excitement +and mirth that shone in all their faces. Evidently in the back rooms, +from which they had dashed out so impetuously, the conversation had +been more amusing than the drawing room talk of society scandals, the +weather, and Countess Aprksina. Now and then they glanced at one +another, hardly able to suppress their laughter. + +The two young men, the student and the officer, friends from childhood, +were of the same age and both handsome fellows, though not alike. Bors +was tall and fair, and his calm and handsome face had regular, delicate +features. Nicholas was short with curly hair and an open expression. +Dark hairs were already showing on his upper lip, and his whole face +expressed impetuosity and enthusiasm. Nicholas blushed when he entered +the drawing room. He evidently tried to find something to say, but +failed. Bors on the contrary at once found his footing, and related +quietly and humorously how he had known that doll Mimi when she was +still quite a young lady, before her nose was broken how she had aged +during the five years he had known her, and how her head had cracked +right across the skull. Having said this he glanced at Natsha. +She turned away from him and glanced at her younger brother, who was +screwing up his eyes and shaking with suppressed laughter, and unable +to control herself any longer, she jumped up and rushed from the room as +fast as her nimble little feet would carry her. Bors did not laugh. + +You were meaning to go out, werent you, Mamma? Do you want the +carriage? he asked his mother with a smile. + +Yes, yes, go and tell them to get it ready, she answered, +returning his smile. + +Bors quietly left the room and went in search of Natsha. The plump +boy ran after them angrily, as if vexed that their program had been +disturbed. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +The only young people remaining in the drawing room, not counting the +young lady visitor and the countess eldest daughter (who was four +years older than her sister and behaved already like a grown-up person), +were Nicholas and Snya, the niece. Snya was a slender little +brunette with a tender look in her eyes which were veiled by long +lashes, thick black plaits coiling twice round her head, and a tawny +tint in her complexion and especially in the color of her slender but +graceful and muscular arms and neck. By the grace of her movements, +by the softness and flexibility of her small limbs, and by a certain +coyness and reserve of manner, she reminded one of a pretty, half-grown +kitten which promises to become a beautiful little cat. She evidently +considered it proper to show an interest in the general conversation by +smiling, but in spite of herself her eyes under their thick long lashes +watched her cousin who was going to join the army, with such passionate +girlish adoration that her smile could not for a single instant impose +upon anyone, and it was clear that the kitten had settled down only to +spring up with more energy and again play with her cousin as soon as +they too could, like Natsha and Bors, escape from the drawing room. + +Ah yes, my dear, said the count, addressing the visitor and +pointing to Nicholas, his friend Bors has become an officer, and +so for friendships sake he is leaving the university and me, his +old father, and entering the military service, my dear. And there was a +place and everything waiting for him in the Archives Department! Isnt +that friendship? remarked the count in an inquiring tone. + +But they say that war has been declared, replied the visitor. + +Theyve been saying so a long while, said the count, and +theyll say so again and again, and that will be the end of it. My +dear, theres friendship for you, he repeated. Hes joining +the hussars. + +The visitor, not knowing what to say, shook her head. + +Its not at all from friendship, declared Nicholas, flaring +up and turning away as if from a shameful aspersion. It is not from +friendship at all I simply feel that the army is my vocation. + +He glanced at his cousin and the young lady visitor and they were both +regarding him with a smile of approbation. + +Schubert, the colonel of the Pvlograd Hussars, is dining with us +today. He has been here on leave and is taking Nicholas back with him. +It cant be helped! said the count, shrugging his shoulders and +speaking playfully of a matter that evidently distressed him. + +I have already told you, Papa, said his son, that if you +dont wish to let me go, Ill stay. But I know I am no use anywhere +except in the army I am not a diplomat or a government clerk.I +dont know how to hide what I feel. As he spoke he kept glancing +with the flirtatiousness of a handsome youth at Snya and the young +lady visitor. + +The little kitten, feasting her eyes on him, seemed ready at any moment +to start her gambols again and display her kittenish nature. + +All right, all right! said the old count. He always flares up! +This Buonaparte has turned all their heads they all think of how he +rose from an ensign and became Emperor. Well, well, God grant it, he +added, not noticing his visitors sarcastic smile. + +The elders began talking about Bonaparte. Julie Kargina turned to +young Rostv. + +What a pity you werent at the Arkhrovs on Thursday. It was so +dull without you, said she, giving him a tender smile. + +The young man, flattered, sat down nearer to her with a coquettish +smile, and engaged the smiling Julie in a confidential conversation +without at all noticing that his involuntary smile had stabbed the heart +of Snya, who blushed and smiled unnaturally. In the midst of his talk +he glanced round at her. She gave him a passionately angry glance, and +hardly able to restrain her tears and maintain the artificial smile +on her lips, she got up and left the room. All Nicholas animation +vanished. He waited for the first pause in the conversation, and then +with a distressed face left the room to find Snya. + +How plainly all these young people wear their hearts on their +sleeves! said Anna Mikhylovna, pointing to Nicholas as he went out. +Cousinagedangereux voisinage, * she added. + + * Cousinhood is a dangerous neighborhood. + +Yes, said the countess when the brightness these young people had +brought into the room had vanished and as if answering a question no +one had put but which was always in her mind, and how much suffering, +how much anxiety one has had to go through that we might rejoice in +them now! And yet really the anxiety is greater now than the joy. One is +always, always anxious! Especially just at this age, so dangerous both +for girls and boys. + +It all depends on the bringing up, remarked the visitor. + +Yes, youre quite right, continued the countess. Till now I +have always, thank God, been my childrens friend and had their full +confidence, said she, repeating the mistake of so many parents who +imagine that their children have no secrets from them. I know I shall +always be my daughters first confidante, and that if Nicholas, with +his impulsive nature, does get into mischief (a boy cant help it), he +will all the same never be like those Petersburg young men. + +Yes, they are splendid, splendid youngsters, chimed in the count, +who always solved questions that seemed to him perplexing by deciding +that everything was splendid. Just fancy wants to be an hussar. +Whats one to do, my dear? + +What a charming creature your younger girl is, said the visitor +a little volcano! + +Yes, a regular volcano, said the count. Takes after me! And +what a voice she has though shes my daughter, I tell the truth +when I say shell be a singer, a second Salomoni! We have engaged an +Italian to give her lessons. + +Isnt she too young? I have heard that it harms the voice to train +it at that age. + +Oh no, not at all too young! replied the count. Why, our +mothers used to be married at twelve or thirteen. + +And shes in love with Bors already. Just fancy! said the +countess with a gentle smile, looking at Bors and went on, evidently +concerned with a thought that always occupied her Now you see if I +were to be severe with her and to forbid it ... goodness knows what they +might be up to on the sly (she meant that they would be kissing), +but as it is, I know every word she utters. She will come running to +me of her own accord in the evening and tell me everything. Perhaps I +spoil her, but really that seems the best plan. With her elder sister I +was stricter. + +Yes, I was brought up quite differently, remarked the handsome +elder daughter, Countess Vra, with a smile. + +But the smile did not enhance Vras beauty as smiles generally do +on the contrary it gave her an unnatural, and therefore unpleasant, +expression. Vra was good-looking, not at all stupid, quick at +learning, was well brought up, and had a pleasant voice what she said +was true and appropriate, yet, strange to say, everyonethe visitors +and countess aliketurned to look at her as if wondering why she had +said it, and they all felt awkward. + +People are always too clever with their eldest children and try to +make something exceptional of them, said the visitor. + +Whats the good of denying it, my dear? Our dear countess was too +clever with Vra, said the count. Well, what of that? Shes +turned out splendidly all the same, he added, winking at Vra. + +The guests got up and took their leave, promising to return to dinner. + +What manners! I thought they would never go, said the countess, +when she had seen her guests out. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +When Natsha ran out of the drawing room she only went as far as the +conservatory. There she paused and stood listening to the conversation +in the drawing room, waiting for Bors to come out. She was already +growing impatient, and stamped her foot, ready to cry at his not coming +at once, when she heard the young mans discreet steps approaching +neither quickly nor slowly. At this Natsha dashed swiftly among the +flower tubs and hid there. + +Bors paused in the middle of the room, looked round, brushed a little +dust from the sleeve of his uniform, and going up to a mirror examined +his handsome face. Natsha, very still, peered out from her ambush, +waiting to see what he would do. He stood a little while before the +glass, smiled, and walked toward the other door. Natsha was about to +call him but changed her mind. Let him look for me, thought she. +Hardly had Bors gone than Snya, flushed, in tears, and muttering +angrily, came in at the other door. Natsha checked her first impulse +to run out to her, and remained in her hiding place, watchingas +under an invisible capto see what went on in the world. She was +experiencing a new and peculiar pleasure. Snya, muttering to herself, +kept looking round toward the drawing room door. It opened and Nicholas +came in. + +Snya, what is the matter with you? How can you? said he, running +up to her. + +Its nothing, nothing leave me alone! sobbed Snya. + +Ah, I know what it is. + +Well, if you do, so much the better, and you can go back to her! + +S-o-onya! Look here! How can you torture me and yourself like that, +for a mere fancy? said Nicholas taking her hand. + +Snya did not pull it away, and left off crying. Natsha, not stirring +and scarcely breathing, watched from her ambush with sparkling eyes. +What will happen now? thought she. + +Snya! What is anyone in the world to me? You alone are +everything! said Nicholas. And I will prove it to you. + +I dont like you to talk like that. + +Well, then, I wont only forgive me, Snya! He drew her to him +and kissed her. + +Oh, how nice, thought Natsha and when Snya and Nicholas had +gone out of the conservatory she followed and called Bors to her. + +Bors, come here, said she with a sly and significant look. I +have something to tell you. Here, here! and she led him into the +conservatory to the place among the tubs where she had been hiding. + +Bors followed her, smiling. + +What is the something? asked he. + +She grew confused, glanced round, and, seeing the doll she had thrown +down on one of the tubs, picked it up. + +Kiss the doll, said she. + +Bors looked attentively and kindly at her eager face, but did not +reply. + +Dont you want to? Well, then, come here, said she, and +went further in among the plants and threw down the doll. Closer, +closer! she whispered. + +She caught the young officer by his cuffs, and a look of solemnity and +fear appeared on her flushed face. + +And me? Would you like to kiss me? she whispered almost inaudibly, +glancing up at him from under her brows, smiling, and almost crying from +excitement. + +Bors blushed. + +How funny you are! he said, bending down to her and blushing still +more, but he waited and did nothing. + +Suddenly she jumped up onto a tub to be higher than he, embraced him so +that both her slender bare arms clasped him above his neck, and, tossing +back her hair, kissed him full on the lips. + +Then she slipped down among the flowerpots on the other side of the tubs +and stood, hanging her head. + +Natsha, he said, you know that I love you, but.... + +You are in love with me? Natsha broke in. + +Yes, I am, but please dont let us do like that.... In another four +years ... then I will ask for your hand. + +Natsha considered. + +Thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, she counted on her slender +little fingers. All right! Then its settled? + +A smile of joy and satisfaction lit up her eager face. + +Settled! replied Bors. + +Forever? said the little girl. Till death itself? + +She took his arm and with a happy face went with him into the adjoining +sitting room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +After receiving her visitors, the countess was so tired that she gave +orders to admit no more, but the porter was told to be sure to invite to +dinner all who came to congratulate. The countess wished to have +a tte--tte talk with the friend of her childhood, Princess Anna +Mikhylovna, whom she had not seen properly since she returned from +Petersburg. Anna Mikhylovna, with her tear-worn but pleasant face, +drew her chair nearer to that of the countess. + +With you I will be quite frank, said Anna Mikhylovna. There +are not many left of us old friends! Thats why I so value your +friendship. + +Anna Mikhylovna looked at Vra and paused. The countess pressed her +friends hand. + +Vra, she said to her eldest daughter who was evidently not a +favorite, how is it you have so little tact? Dont you see you are +not wanted here? Go to the other girls, or... + +The handsome Vra smiled contemptuously but did not seem at all hurt. + +If you had told me sooner, Mamma, I would have gone, she replied +as she rose to go to her own room. + +But as she passed the sitting room she noticed two couples sitting, +one pair at each window. She stopped and smiled scornfully. Snya was +sitting close to Nicholas who was copying out some verses for her, the +first he had ever written. Bors and Natsha were at the other window +and ceased talking when Vra entered. Snya and Natsha looked at +Vra with guilty, happy faces. + +It was pleasant and touching to see these little girls in love but +apparently the sight of them roused no pleasant feeling in Vra. + +How often have I asked you not to take my things? she said. You +have a room of your own, and she took the inkstand from Nicholas. + +In a minute, in a minute, he said, dipping his pen. + +You always manage to do things at the wrong time, continued Vra. +You came rushing into the drawing room so that everyone felt ashamed +of you. + +Though what she said was quite just, perhaps for that very reason no one +replied, and the four simply looked at one another. She lingered in the +room with the inkstand in her hand. + +And at your age what secrets can there be between Natsha and +Bors, or between you two? Its all nonsense! + +Now, Vra, what does it matter to you? said Natsha in defense, +speaking very gently. + +She seemed that day to be more than ever kind and affectionate to +everyone. + +Very silly, said Vra. I am ashamed of you. Secrets indeed! + +All have secrets of their own, answered Natsha, getting warmer. +We dont interfere with you and Berg. + +I should think not, said Vra, because there can never be +anything wrong in my behavior. But Ill just tell Mamma how you are +behaving with Bors. + +Natlya Ilynchna behaves very well to me, remarked Bors. I +have nothing to complain of. + +Dont, Bors! You are such a diplomat that it is really +tiresome, said Natsha in a mortified voice that trembled slightly. +(She used the word diplomat, which was just then much in vogue +among the children, in the special sense they attached to it.) Why +does she bother me? And she added, turning to Vra, Youll +never understand it, because youve never loved anyone. You have no +heart! You are a Madame de Genlis and nothing more (this nickname, +bestowed on Vra by Nicholas, was considered very stinging), and +your greatest pleasure is to be unpleasant to people! Go and flirt with +Berg as much as you please, she finished quickly. + +I shall at any rate not run after a young man before visitors... + +Well, now youve done what you wanted, put in Nicholassaid +unpleasant things to everyone and upset them. Lets go to the +nursery. + +All four, like a flock of scared birds, got up and left the room. + +The unpleasant things were said to me, remarked Vra, I said +none to anyone. + +Madame de Genlis! Madame de Genlis! shouted laughing voices +through the door. + +The handsome Vra, who produced such an irritating and unpleasant +effect on everyone, smiled and, evidently unmoved by what had been +said to her, went to the looking glass and arranged her hair and scarf. +Looking at her own handsome face she seemed to become still colder and +calmer. + + +In the drawing room the conversation was still going on. + +Ah, my dear, said the countess, my life is not all roses +either. Dont I know that at the rate we are living our means wont +last long? Its all the Club and his easygoing nature. Even in the +country do we get any rest? Theatricals, hunting, and heaven knows what +besides! But dont lets talk about me tell me how you managed +everything. I often wonder at you, Annettehow at your age you +can rush off alone in a carriage to Moscow, to Petersburg, to those +ministers and great people, and know how to deal with them all! Its +quite astonishing. How did you get things settled? I couldnt possibly +do it. + +Ah, my love, answered Anna Mikhylovna, God grant you never +know what it is to be left a widow without means and with a son you love +to distraction! One learns many things then, she added with a certain +pride. That lawsuit taught me much. When I want to see one of those +big people I write a note Princess So-and-So desires an interview +with So and-So, and then I take a cab and go myself two, three, or +four timestill I get what I want. I dont mind what they think of +me. + +Well, and to whom did you apply about Bry? asked the countess. +You see yours is already an officer in the Guards, while my Nicholas +is going as a cadet. Theres no one to interest himself for him. To +whom did you apply? + +To Prince Vasli. He was so kind. He at once agreed to everything, +and put the matter before the Emperor, said Princess Anna +Mikhylovna enthusiastically, quite forgetting all the humiliation she +had endured to gain her end. + +Has Prince Vasli aged much? asked the countess. I have not +seen him since we acted together at the Rumyntsovs theatricals. I +expect he has forgotten me. He paid me attentions in those days, said +the countess, with a smile. + +He is just the same as ever, replied Anna Mikhylovna, +overflowing with amiability. His position has not turned his head +at all. He said to me, I am sorry I can do so little for you, dear +Princess. I am at your command. Yes, he is a fine fellow and a very +kind relation. But, Nataly, you know my love for my son I would do +anything for his happiness! And my affairs are in such a bad way that my +position is now a terrible one, continued Anna Mikhylovna, sadly, +dropping her voice. My wretched lawsuit takes all I have and makes no +progress. Would you believe it, I have literally not a penny and dont +know how to equip Bors. She took out her handkerchief and began to +cry. I need five hundred rubles, and have only one twenty-five-ruble +note. I am in such a state.... My only hope now is in Count Cyril +Vladmirovich Bezkhov. If he will not assist his godsonyou know +he is Brys godfatherand allow him something for his maintenance, +all my trouble will have been thrown away.... I shall not be able to +equip him. + +The countess eyes filled with tears and she pondered in silence. + +I often think, though, perhaps its a sin, said the princess, +that here lives Count Cyril Vladmirovich Bezkhov so rich, all +alone... that tremendous fortune... and what is his life worth? Its a +burden to him, and Brys life is only just beginning.... + +Surely he will leave something to Bors, said the countess. + +Heaven only knows, my dear! These rich grandees are so selfish. +Still, I will take Bors and go to see him at once, and I shall speak +to him straight out. Let people think what they will of me, its +really all the same to me when my sons fate is at stake. The +princess rose. Its now two oclock and you dine at four. There +will just be time. + +And like a practical Petersburg lady who knows how to make the most of +time, Anna Mikhylovna sent someone to call her son, and went into the +anteroom with him. + +Good-by, my dear, said she to the countess who saw her to the +door, and added in a whisper so that her son should not hear, Wish me +good luck. + +Are you going to Count Cyril Vladmirovich, my dear? said the +count coming out from the dining hall into the anteroom, and he added +If he is better, ask Pierre to dine with us. He has been to the +house, you know, and danced with the children. Be sure to invite him, my +dear. We will see how Tars distinguishes himself today. He says Count +Orlv never gave such a dinner as ours will be! + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +My dear Bors, said Princess Anna Mikhylovna to her son as +Countess Rostvas carriage in which they were seated drove over the +straw covered street and turned into the wide courtyard of Count Cyril +Vladmirovich Bezkhovs house. My dear Bors, said the +mother, drawing her hand from beneath her old mantle and laying +it timidly and tenderly on her sons arm, be affectionate and +attentive to him. Count Cyril Vladmirovich is your godfather after +all, and your future depends on him. Remember that, my dear, and be nice +to him, as you so well know how to be. + +If only I knew that anything besides humiliation would come of +it... answered her son coldly. But I have promised and will do it +for your sake. + +Although the hall porter saw someones carriage standing at the +entrance, after scrutinizing the mother and son (who without asking to +be announced had passed straight through the glass porch between the +rows of statues in niches) and looking significantly at the ladys old +cloak, he asked whether they wanted the count or the princesses, and, +hearing that they wished to see the count, said his excellency was worse +today, and that his excellency was not receiving anyone. + +We may as well go back, said the son in French. + +My dear! exclaimed his mother imploringly, again laying her hand +on his arm as if that touch might soothe or rouse him. + +Bors said no more, but looked inquiringly at his mother without taking +off his cloak. + +My friend, said Anna Mikhylovna in gentle tones, addressing +the hall porter, I know Count Cyril Vladmirovich is very ill... +thats why I have come... I am a relation. I shall not disturb him, +my friend... I only need see Prince Vasli Sergevich he is staying +here, is he not? Please announce me. + +The hall porter sullenly pulled a bell that rang upstairs, and turned +away. + +Princess Drubetskya to see Prince Vasli Sergevich, he called +to a footman dressed in knee breeches, shoes, and a swallow-tail coat, +who ran downstairs and looked over from the halfway landing. + +The mother smoothed the folds of her dyed silk dress before a large +Venetian mirror in the wall, and in her trodden-down shoes briskly +ascended the carpeted stairs. + +My dear, she said to her son, once more stimulating him by a +touch, you promised me! + +The son, lowering his eyes, followed her quietly. + +They entered the large hall, from which one of the doors led to the +apartments assigned to Prince Vasli. + +Just as the mother and son, having reached the middle of the hall, were +about to ask their way of an elderly footman who had sprung up as they +entered, the bronze handle of one of the doors turned and Prince Vasli +came outwearing a velvet coat with a single star on his breast, +as was his custom when at hometaking leave of a good-looking, +dark-haired man. This was the celebrated Petersburg doctor, Lorrain. + +Then it is certain? said the prince. + +Prince, humanum est errare, * but... replied the doctor, +swallowing his rs, and pronouncing the Latin words with a French +accent. + + * To err is human. + +Very well, very well... + +Seeing Anna Mikhylovna and her son, Prince Vasli dismissed the +doctor with a bow and approached them silently and with a look of +inquiry. The son noticed that an expression of profound sorrow suddenly +clouded his mothers face, and he smiled slightly. + +Ah, Prince! In what sad circumstances we meet again! And how is our +dear invalid? said she, as though unaware of the cold offensive look +fixed on her. + +Prince Vasli stared at her and at Bors questioningly and perplexed. +Bors bowed politely. Prince Vasli without acknowledging the bow +turned to Anna Mikhylovna, answering her query by a movement of the +head and lips indicating very little hope for the patient. + +Is it possible? exclaimed Anna Mikhylovna. Oh, how awful! +It is terrible to think.... This is my son, she added, indicating +Bors. He wanted to thank you himself. + +Bors bowed again politely. + +Believe me, Prince, a mothers heart will never forget what you +have done for us. + +I am glad I was able to do you a service, my dear Anna +Mikhylovna, said Prince Vasli, arranging his lace frill, and in +tone and manner, here in Moscow to Anna Mikhylovna whom he had placed +under an obligation, assuming an air of much greater importance than he +had done in Petersburg at Anna Schrers reception. + +Try to serve well and show yourself worthy, added he, addressing +Bors with severity. I am glad.... Are you here on leave? he went +on in his usual tone of indifference. + +I am awaiting orders to join my new regiment, your excellency, +replied Bors, betraying neither annoyance at the princes brusque +manner nor a desire to enter into conversation, but speaking so quietly +and respectfully that the prince gave him a searching glance. + +Are you living with your mother? + +I am living at Countess Rostvas, replied Bors, again +adding, your excellency. + +That is, with Ily Rostv who married Nataly Shinshin, said +Anna Mikhylovna. + +I know, I know, answered Prince Vasli in his monotonous voice. +I never could understand how Nataly made up her mind to marry that +unlicked bear! A perfectly absurd and stupid fellow, and a gambler too, +I am told. + +But a very kind man, Prince, said Anna Mikhylovna with a +pathetic smile, as though she too knew that Count Rostv deserved this +censure, but asked him not to be too hard on the poor old man. What +do the doctors say? asked the princess after a pause, her worn face +again expressing deep sorrow. + +They give little hope, replied the prince. + +And I should so like to thank Uncle once for all his kindness to me +and Bors. He is his godson, she added, her tone suggesting that +this fact ought to give Prince Vasli much satisfaction. + +Prince Vasli became thoughtful and frowned. Anna Mikhylovna saw that +he was afraid of finding in her a rival for Count Bezkhovs fortune, +and hastened to reassure him. + +If it were not for my sincere affection and devotion to Uncle, +said she, uttering the word with peculiar assurance and unconcern, I +know his character noble, upright ... but you see he has no one with +him except the young princesses.... They are still young.... She bent +her head and continued in a whisper Has he performed his final duty, +Prince? How priceless are those last moments! It can make things no +worse, and it is absolutely necessary to prepare him if he is so ill. +We women, Prince, and she smiled tenderly, always know how to say +these things. I absolutely must see him, however painful it may be for +me. I am used to suffering. + +Evidently the prince understood her, and also understood, as he had done +at Anna Pvlovnas, that it would be difficult to get rid of Anna +Mikhylovna. + +Would not such a meeting be too trying for him, dear Anna +Mikhylovna? said he. Let us wait until evening. The doctors are +expecting a crisis. + +But one cannot delay, Prince, at such a moment! Consider that the +welfare of his soul is at stake. Ah, it is awful the duties of a +Christian... + +A door of one of the inner rooms opened and one of the princesses, the +counts niece, entered with a cold, stern face. The length of her +body was strikingly out of proportion to her short legs. Prince Vasli +turned to her. + +Well, how is he? + +Still the same but what can you expect, this noise... said the +princess, looking at Anna Mikhylovna as at a stranger. + +Ah, my dear, I hardly knew you, said Anna Mikhylovna with a +happy smile, ambling lightly up to the counts niece. I have come, +and am at your service to help you nurse my uncle. I imagine what you +have gone through, and she sympathetically turned up her eyes. + +The princess gave no reply and did not even smile, but left the room as +Anna Mikhylovna took off her gloves and, occupying the position she +had conquered, settled down in an armchair, inviting Prince Vasli to +take a seat beside her. + +Bors, she said to her son with a smile, I shall go in to see +the count, my uncle but you, my dear, had better go to Pierre meanwhile +and dont forget to give him the Rostvs invitation. They ask him +to dinner. I suppose he wont go? she continued, turning to the +prince. + +On the contrary, replied the prince, who had plainly become +depressed, I shall be only too glad if you relieve me of that young +man.... Here he is, and the count has not once asked for him. + +He shrugged his shoulders. A footman conducted Bors down one flight of +stairs and up another, to Pierres rooms. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Pierre, after all, had not managed to choose a career for himself in +Petersburg, and had been expelled from there for riotous conduct and +sent to Moscow. The story told about him at Count Rostvs was true. +Pierre had taken part in tying a policeman to a bear. He had now been +for some days in Moscow and was staying as usual at his fathers +house. Though he expected that the story of his escapade would be +already known in Moscow and that the ladies about his fatherwho were +never favorably disposed toward himwould have used it to turn the +count against him, he nevertheless on the day of his arrival went to +his fathers part of the house. Entering the drawing room, where the +princesses spent most of their time, he greeted the ladies, two of whom +were sitting at embroidery frames while a third read aloud. It was the +eldest who was readingthe one who had met Anna Mikhylovna. The +two younger ones were embroidering both were rosy and pretty and they +differed only in that one had a little mole on her lip which made her +much prettier. Pierre was received as if he were a corpse or a leper. +The eldest princess paused in her reading and silently stared at him +with frightened eyes the second assumed precisely the same expression +while the youngest, the one with the mole, who was of a cheerful and +lively disposition, bent over her frame to hide a smile probably evoked +by the amusing scene she foresaw. She drew her wool down through the +canvas and, scarcely able to refrain from laughing, stooped as if trying +to make out the pattern. + +How do you do, cousin? said Pierre. You dont recognize +me? + +I recognize you only too well, too well. + +How is the count? Can I see him? asked Pierre, awkwardly as usual, +but unabashed. + +The count is suffering physically and mentally, and apparently you +have done your best to increase his mental sufferings. + +Can I see the count? Pierre again asked. + +Hm.... If you wish to kill him, to kill him outright, you can see +him... Olga, go and see whether Uncles beef tea is readyit is +almost time, she added, giving Pierre to understand that they were +busy, and busy making his father comfortable, while evidently he, +Pierre, was only busy causing him annoyance. + +Olga went out. Pierre stood looking at the sisters then he bowed and +said Then I will go to my rooms. You will let me know when I can see +him. + +And he left the room, followed by the low but ringing laughter of the +sister with the mole. + +Next day Prince Vasli had arrived and settled in the counts house. +He sent for Pierre and said to him My dear fellow, if you are going +to behave here as you did in Petersburg, you will end very badly that +is all I have to say to you. The count is very, very ill, and you must +not see him at all. + +Since then Pierre had not been disturbed and had spent the whole time in +his rooms upstairs. + +When Bors appeared at his door Pierre was pacing up and down his room, +stopping occasionally at a corner to make menacing gestures at the wall, +as if running a sword through an invisible foe, and glaring savagely +over his spectacles, and then again resuming his walk, muttering +indistinct words, shrugging his shoulders and gesticulating. + +England is done for, said he, scowling and pointing his finger +at someone unseen. Mr. Pitt, as a traitor to the nation and to the +rights of man, is sentenced to... But before Pierrewho at that +moment imagined himself to be Napoleon in person and to have just +effected the dangerous crossing of the Straits of Dover and captured +Londoncould pronounce Pitts sentence, he saw a well-built and +handsome young officer entering his room. Pierre paused. He had left +Moscow when Bors was a boy of fourteen, and had quite forgotten him, +but in his usual impulsive and hearty way he took Bors by the hand +with a friendly smile. + +Do you remember me? asked Bors quietly with a pleasant smile. +I have come with my mother to see the count, but it seems he is not +well. + +Yes, it seems he is ill. People are always disturbing him, +answered Pierre, trying to remember who this young man was. + +Bors felt that Pierre did not recognize him but did not consider +it necessary to introduce himself, and without experiencing the least +embarrassment looked Pierre straight in the face. + +Count Rostv asks you to come to dinner today, said he, after a +considerable pause which made Pierre feel uncomfortable. + +Ah, Count Rostv! exclaimed Pierre joyfully. Then you are his +son, Ily? Only fancy, I didnt know you at first. Do you remember +how we went to the Sparrow Hills with Madame Jacquot?... Its such an +age... + +You are mistaken, said Bors deliberately, with a bold and +slightly sarcastic smile. I am Bors, son of Princess Anna +Mikhylovna Drubetskya. Rostv, the father, is Ily, and his son is +Nicholas. I never knew any Madame Jacquot. + +Pierre shook his head and arms as if attacked by mosquitoes or bees. + +Oh dear, what am I thinking about? Ive mixed everything up. One +has so many relatives in Moscow! So you are Bors? Of course. Well, now +we know where we are. And what do you think of the Boulogne expedition? +The English will come off badly, you know, if Napoleon gets across the +Channel. I think the expedition is quite feasible. If only Villeneuve +doesnt make a mess of things! + +Bors knew nothing about the Boulogne expedition he did not read the +papers and it was the first time he had heard Villeneuves name. + +We here in Moscow are more occupied with dinner parties and scandal +than with politics, said he in his quiet ironical tone. I know +nothing about it and have not thought about it. Moscow is chiefly busy +with gossip, he continued. Just now they are talking about you and +your father. + +Pierre smiled in his good-natured way as if afraid for his companions +sake that the latter might say something he would afterwards regret. +But Bors spoke distinctly, clearly, and dryly, looking straight into +Pierres eyes. + +Moscow has nothing else to do but gossip, Bors went on. +Everybody is wondering to whom the count will leave his fortune, +though he may perhaps outlive us all, as I sincerely hope he will... + +Yes, it is all very horrid, interrupted Pierre, very horrid. + +Pierre was still afraid that this officer might inadvertently say +something disconcerting to himself. + +And it must seem to you, said Bors flushing slightly, but not +changing his tone or attitude, it must seem to you that everyone is +trying to get something out of the rich man? + +So it does, thought Pierre. + +But I just wish to say, to avoid misunderstandings, that you are +quite mistaken if you reckon me or my mother among such people. We are +very poor, but for my own part at any rate, for the very reason that +your father is rich, I dont regard myself as a relation of his, and +neither I nor my mother would ever ask or take anything from him. + +For a long time Pierre could not understand, but when he did, he jumped +up from the sofa, seized Bors under the elbow in his quick, clumsy +way, and, blushing far more than Bors, began to speak with a feeling +of mingled shame and vexation. + +Well, this is strange! Do you suppose I... who could think?... I know +very well... + +But Bors again interrupted him. + +I am glad I have spoken out fully. Perhaps you did not like it? You +must excuse me, said he, putting Pierre at ease instead of being put +at ease by him, but I hope I have not offended you. I always make it +a rule to speak out... Well, what answer am I to take? Will you come to +dinner at the Rostvs? + +And Bors, having apparently relieved himself of an onerous duty and +extricated himself from an awkward situation and placed another in it, +became quite pleasant again. + +No, but I say, said Pierre, calming down, you are a wonderful +fellow! What you have just said is good, very good. Of course you +dont know me. We have not met for such a long time... not since we +were children. You might think that I... I understand, quite understand. +I could not have done it myself, I should not have had the courage, but +its splendid. I am very glad to have made your acquaintance. Its +queer, he added after a pause, that you should have suspected +me! He began to laugh. Well, what of it! I hope well get better +acquainted, and he pressed Bors hand. Do you know, I have not +once been in to see the count. He has not sent for me.... I am sorry for +him as a man, but what can one do? + +And so you think Napoleon will manage to get an army across? asked +Bors with a smile. + +Pierre saw that Bors wished to change the subject, and being of the +same mind he began explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the +Boulogne expedition. + +A footman came in to summon Borsthe princess was going. Pierre, in +order to make Bors better acquaintance, promised to come to dinner, +and warmly pressing his hand looked affectionately over his spectacles +into Bors eyes. After he had gone Pierre continued pacing up and +down the room for a long time, no longer piercing an imaginary foe with +his imaginary sword, but smiling at the remembrance of that pleasant, +intelligent, and resolute young man. + +As often happens in early youth, especially to one who leads a lonely +life, he felt an unaccountable tenderness for this young man and made up +his mind that they would be friends. + +Prince Vasli saw the princess off. She held a handkerchief to her eyes +and her face was tearful. + +It is dreadful, dreadful! she was saying, but cost me what it +may I shall do my duty. I will come and spend the night. He must not be +left like this. Every moment is precious. I cant think why his nieces +put it off. Perhaps God will help me to find a way to prepare him!... +Adieu, Prince! May God support you... + +Adieu, ma bonne, answered Prince Vasli turning away from her. + +Oh, he is in a dreadful state, said the mother to her son when +they were in the carriage. He hardly recognizes anybody. + +I dont understand, Mammawhat is his attitude to Pierre? +asked the son. + +The will will show that, my dear our fate also depends on it. + +But why do you expect that he will leave us anything? + +Ah, my dear! He is so rich, and we are so poor! + +Well, that is hardly a sufficient reason, Mamma... + +Oh, Heaven! How ill he is! exclaimed the mother. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +After Anna Mikhylovna had driven off with her son to visit Count Cyril +Vladmirovich Bezkhov, Countess Rostva sat for a long time all +alone applying her handkerchief to her eyes. At last she rang. + +What is the matter with you, my dear? she said crossly to the maid +who kept her waiting some minutes. Dont you wish to serve me? Then +Ill find you another place. + +The countess was upset by her friends sorrow and humiliating poverty, +and was therefore out of sorts, a state of mind which with her always +found expression in calling her maid my dear and speaking to her +with exaggerated politeness. + +I am very sorry, maam, answered the maid. + +Ask the count to come to me. + +The count came waddling in to see his wife with a rather guilty look as +usual. + +Well, little countess? What a saut of game au madre we are to +have, my dear! I tasted it. The thousand rubles I paid for Tars were +not ill-spent. He is worth it! + +He sat down by his wife, his elbows on his knees and his hands ruffling +his gray hair. + +What are your commands, little countess? + +You see, my dear... Whats that mess? she said, pointing to his +waistcoat. Its the saut, most likely, she added with a smile. +Well, you see, Count, I want some money. + +Her face became sad. + +Oh, little countess! ... and the count began bustling to get out +his pocketbook. + +I want a great deal, Count! I want five hundred rubles, and taking +out her cambric handkerchief she began wiping her husbands waistcoat. + +Yes, immediately, immediately! Hey, whos there? he called out +in a tone only used by persons who are certain that those they call will +rush to obey the summons. Send Dmtri to me! + +Dmtri, a man of good family who had been brought up in the counts +house and now managed all his affairs, stepped softly into the room. + +This is what I want, my dear fellow, said the count to the +deferential young man who had entered. Bring me... he reflected +a moment, yes, bring me seven hundred rubles, yes! But mind, dont +bring me such tattered and dirty notes as last time, but nice clean ones +for the countess. + +Yes, Dmtri, clean ones, please, said the countess, sighing +deeply. + +When would you like them, your excellency? asked Dmtri. Allow +me to inform you... But, dont be uneasy, he added, noticing that +the count was beginning to breathe heavily and quickly which was always +a sign of approaching anger. I was forgetting... Do you wish it +brought at once? + +Yes, yes just so! Bring it. Give it to the countess. + +What a treasure that Dmtri is, added the count with a smile when +the young man had departed. There is never any impossible with +him. Thats a thing I hate! Everything is possible. + +Ah, money, Count, money! How much sorrow it causes in the world, +said the countess. But I am in great need of this sum. + +You, my little countess, are a notorious spendthrift, said the +count, and having kissed his wifes hand he went back to his study. + +When Anna Mikhylovna returned from Count Bezkhovs the money, all +in clean notes, was lying ready under a handkerchief on the countess +little table, and Anna Mikhylovna noticed that something was agitating +her. + +Well, my dear? asked the countess. + +Oh, what a terrible state he is in! One would not know him, he is so +ill! I was only there a few moments and hardly said a word... + +Annette, for heavens sake dont refuse me, the countess +began, with a blush that looked very strange on her thin, dignified, +elderly face, and she took the money from under the handkerchief. + +Anna Mikhylovna instantly guessed her intention and stooped to be +ready to embrace the countess at the appropriate moment. + +This is for Bors from me, for his outfit. + +Anna Mikhylovna was already embracing her and weeping. The countess +wept too. They wept because they were friends, and because they were +kindhearted, and because theyfriends from childhoodhad to think +about such a base thing as money, and because their youth was over.... +But those tears were pleasant to them both. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Countess Rostva, with her daughters and a large number of guests, was +already seated in the drawing room. The count took the gentlemen into +his study and showed them his choice collection of Turkish pipes. From +time to time he went out to ask Hasnt she come yet? They +were expecting Mrya Dmtrievna Akhrosmova, known in society as le +terrible dragon, a lady distinguished not for wealth or rank, but for +common sense and frank plainness of speech. Mrya Dmtrievna was known +to the Imperial family as well as to all Moscow and Petersburg, and both +cities wondered at her, laughed privately at her rudenesses, and told +good stories about her, while none the less all without exception +respected and feared her. + +In the counts room, which was full of tobacco smoke, they talked +of the war that had been announced in a manifesto, and about the +recruiting. None of them had yet seen the manifesto, but they all knew +it had appeared. The count sat on the sofa between two guests who were +smoking and talking. He neither smoked nor talked, but bending his head +first to one side and then to the other watched the smokers with evident +pleasure and listened to the conversation of his two neighbors, whom he +egged on against each other. + +One of them was a sallow, clean-shaven civilian with a thin and wrinkled +face, already growing old, though he was dressed like a most fashionable +young man. He sat with his legs up on the sofa as if quite at home and, +having stuck an amber mouthpiece far into his mouth, was inhaling the +smoke spasmodically and screwing up his eyes. This was an old bachelor, +Shinshn, a cousin of the countess, a man with a sharp tongue +as they said in Moscow society. He seemed to be condescending to +his companion. The latter, a fresh, rosy officer of the Guards, +irreproachably washed, brushed, and buttoned, held his pipe in the +middle of his mouth and with red lips gently inhaled the smoke, letting +it escape from his handsome mouth in rings. This was Lieutenant Berg, an +officer in the Semnov regiment with whom Bors was to travel to join +the army, and about whom Natsha had teased her elder sister Vra, +speaking of Berg as her intended. The count sat between them and +listened attentively. His favorite occupation when not playing boston, a +card game he was very fond of, was that of listener, especially when he +succeeded in setting two loquacious talkers at one another. + +Well, then, old chap, mon trs honorable Alphonse Krlovich, +said Shinshn, laughing ironically and mixing the most ordinary Russian +expressions with the choicest French phraseswhich was a peculiarity +of his speech. Vous comptez vous faire des rentes sur ltat * +you want to make something out of your company? + + * You expect to make an income out of the government. + +No, Peter Nikolevich I only want to show that in the cavalry +the advantages are far less than in the infantry. Just consider my own +position now, Peter Nikolevich... + +Berg always spoke quietly, politely, and with great precision. His +conversation always related entirely to himself he would remain calm +and silent when the talk related to any topic that had no direct bearing +on himself. He could remain silent for hours without being at all put +out of countenance himself or making others uncomfortable, but as +soon as the conversation concerned himself he would begin to talk +circumstantially and with evident satisfaction. + +Consider my position, Peter Nikolevich. Were I in the cavalry I +should get not more than two hundred rubles every four months, even +with the rank of lieutenant but as it is I receive two hundred and +thirty, said he, looking at Shinshn and the count with a joyful, +pleasant smile, as if it were obvious to him that his success must +always be the chief desire of everyone else. + +Besides that, Peter Nikolevich, by exchanging into the Guards +I shall be in a more prominent position, continued Berg, and +vacancies occur much more frequently in the Foot Guards. Then just think +what can be done with two hundred and thirty rubles! I even manage to +put a little aside and to send something to my father, he went on, +emitting a smoke ring. + +La balance y est... * A German knows how to skin a flint, as the +proverb says, remarked Shinshn, moving his pipe to the other side +of his mouth and winking at the count. + + * So that squares matters. + +The count burst out laughing. The other guests seeing that Shinshn +was talking came up to listen. Berg, oblivious of irony or indifference, +continued to explain how by exchanging into the Guards he had already +gained a step on his old comrades of the Cadet Corps how in wartime +the company commander might get killed and he, as senior in the company, +might easily succeed to the post how popular he was with everyone in +the regiment, and how satisfied his father was with him. Berg evidently +enjoyed narrating all this, and did not seem to suspect that others, +too, might have their own interests. But all he said was so prettily +sedate, and the navet of his youthful egotism was so obvious, that +he disarmed his hearers. + +Well, my boy, youll get along wherever you gofoot or +horsethat Ill warrant, said Shinshn, patting him on the +shoulder and taking his feet off the sofa. + +Berg smiled joyously. The count, followed by his guests, went into the +drawing room. + +It was just the moment before a big dinner when the assembled guests, +expecting the summons to zakska, * avoid engaging in any long +conversation but think it necessary to move about and talk, in order +to show that they are not at all impatient for their food. The host and +hostess look toward the door, and now and then glance at one another, +and the visitors try to guess from these glances who, or what, they are +waiting forsome important relation who has not yet arrived, or a dish +that is not yet ready. + + * Hors doeuvres. + +Pierre had come just at dinnertime and was sitting awkwardly in the +middle of the drawing room on the first chair he had come across, +blocking the way for everyone. The countess tried to make him talk, +but he went on navely looking around through his spectacles as if in +search of somebody and answered all her questions in monosyllables. He +was in the way and was the only one who did not notice the fact. Most of +the guests, knowing of the affair with the bear, looked with curiosity +at this big, stout, quiet man, wondering how such a clumsy, modest +fellow could have played such a prank on a policeman. + +You have only lately arrived? the countess asked him. + +Oui, madame, replied he, looking around him. + +You have not yet seen my husband? + +Non, madame. He smiled quite inappropriately. + +You have been in Paris recently, I believe? I suppose its very +interesting. + +Very interesting. + +The countess exchanged glances with Anna Mikhylovna. The latter +understood that she was being asked to entertain this young man, and +sitting down beside him she began to speak about his father but he +answered her, as he had the countess, only in monosyllables. The other +guests were all conversing with one another. The Razumvskis... It +was charming... You are very kind... Countess Aprksina... was heard +on all sides. The countess rose and went into the ballroom. + +Mrya Dmtrievna? came her voice from there. + +Herself, came the answer in a rough voice, and Mrya Dmtrievna +entered the room. + +All the unmarried ladies and even the married ones except the very +oldest rose. Mrya Dmtrievna paused at the door. Tall and stout, +holding high her fifty-year-old head with its gray curls, she stood +surveying the guests, and leisurely arranged her wide sleeves as if +rolling them up. Mrya Dmtrievna always spoke in Russian. + +Health and happiness to her whose name day we are keeping and to her +children, she said, in her loud, full-toned voice which drowned all +others. Well, you old sinner, she went on, turning to the count +who was kissing her hand, youre feeling dull in Moscow, I daresay? +Nowhere to hunt with your dogs? But what is to be done, old man? Just +see how these nestlings are growing up, and she pointed to the girls. +You must look for husbands for them whether you like it or not.... + +Well, said she, hows my Cossack? (Mrya Dmtrievna +always called Natsha a Cossack) and she stroked the childs arm as +she came up fearless and gay to kiss her hand. I know shes a scamp +of a girl, but I like her. + +She took a pair of pear-shaped ruby earrings from her huge reticule and, +having given them to the rosy Natsha, who beamed with the pleasure +of her saints-day fete, turned away at once and addressed herself to +Pierre. + +Eh, eh, friend! Come here a bit, said she, assuming a soft high +tone of voice. Come here, my friend... and she ominously tucked +up her sleeves still higher. Pierre approached, looking at her in a +childlike way through his spectacles. + +Come nearer, come nearer, friend! I used to be the only one to tell +your father the truth when he was in favor, and in your case its my +evident duty. She paused. All were silent, expectant of what was to +follow, for this was clearly only a prelude. + +A fine lad! My word! A fine lad!... His father lies on his deathbed +and he amuses himself setting a policeman astride a bear! For shame, +sir, for shame! It would be better if you went to the war. + +She turned away and gave her hand to the count, who could hardly keep +from laughing. + +Well, I suppose it is time we were at table? said Mrya +Dmtrievna. + +The count went in first with Mrya Dmtrievna, the countess followed +on the arm of a colonel of hussars, a man of importance to them because +Nicholas was to go with him to the regiment then came Anna Mikhylovna +with Shinshn. Berg gave his arm to Vra. The smiling Julie Kargina +went in with Nicholas. After them other couples followed, filling the +whole dining hall, and last of all the children, tutors, and governesses +followed singly. The footmen began moving about, chairs scraped, the +band struck up in the gallery, and the guests settled down in their +places. Then the strains of the counts household band were replaced +by the clatter of knives and forks, the voices of visitors, and the +soft steps of the footmen. At one end of the table sat the countess with +Mrya Dmtrievna on her right and Anna Mikhylovna on her left, the +other lady visitors were farther down. At the other end sat the count, +with the hussar colonel on his left and Shinshn and the other male +visitors on his right. Midway down the long table on one side sat the +grown-up young people Vra beside Berg, and Pierre beside Bors and +on the other side, the children, tutors, and governesses. From behind +the crystal decanters and fruit vases, the count kept glancing at his +wife and her tall cap with its light-blue ribbons, and busily filled +his neighbors glasses, not neglecting his own. The countess in turn, +without omitting her duties as hostess, threw significant glances from +behind the pineapples at her husband whose face and bald head seemed +by their redness to contrast more than usual with his gray hair. At the +ladies end an even chatter of voices was heard all the time, at the +mens end the voices sounded louder and louder, especially that of the +colonel of hussars who, growing more and more flushed, ate and drank so +much that the count held him up as a pattern to the other guests. Berg +with tender smiles was saying to Vra that love is not an earthly but +a heavenly feeling. Bors was telling his new friend Pierre who the +guests were and exchanging glances with Natsha, who was sitting +opposite. Pierre spoke little but examined the new faces, and ate a +great deal. Of the two soups he chose turtle with savory patties and +went on to the game without omitting a single dish or one of the wines. +These latter the butler thrust mysteriously forward, wrapped in a +napkin, from behind the next mans shoulders and whispered Dry +Madeira... Hungarian... or Rhine wine as the case might +be. Of the four crystal glasses engraved with the counts monogram +that stood before his plate, Pierre held out one at random and drank +with enjoyment, gazing with ever-increasing amiability at the other +guests. Natsha, who sat opposite, was looking at Bors as girls of +thirteen look at the boy they are in love with and have just kissed for +the first time. Sometimes that same look fell on Pierre, and that funny +lively little girls look made him inclined to laugh without knowing +why. + +Nicholas sat at some distance from Snya, beside Julie Kargina, to +whom he was again talking with the same involuntary smile. Snya wore +a company smile but was evidently tormented by jealousy now she turned +pale, now blushed and strained every nerve to overhear what Nicholas +and Julie were saying to one another. The governess kept looking round +uneasily as if preparing to resent any slight that might be put upon the +children. The German tutor was trying to remember all the dishes, wines, +and kinds of dessert, in order to send a full description of the dinner +to his people in Germany and he felt greatly offended when the butler +with a bottle wrapped in a napkin passed him by. He frowned, trying to +appear as if he did not want any of that wine, but was mortified because +no one would understand that it was not to quench his thirst or from +greediness that he wanted it, but simply from a conscientious desire for +knowledge. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +At the mens end of the table the talk grew more and more animated. +The colonel told them that the declaration of war had already appeared +in Petersburg and that a copy, which he had himself seen, had that day +been forwarded by courier to the commander in chief. + +And why the deuce are we going to fight Bonaparte? remarked +Shinshn. He has stopped Austrias cackle and I fear it will be +our turn next. + +The colonel was a stout, tall, plethoric German, evidently devoted to +the service and patriotically Russian. He resented Shinshns remark. + +It is for the reasson, my goot sir, said he, speaking with a +German accent, for the reasson zat ze Emperor knows zat. He +declares in ze manifessto zat he cannot fiew wiz indifference ze danger +vreatening Russia and zat ze safety and dignity of ze Empire as vell +as ze sanctity of its alliances... he spoke this last word with +particular emphasis as if in it lay the gist of the matter. + +Then with the unerring official memory that characterized him he +repeated from the opening words of the manifesto + +... and the wish, which constitutes the Emperors sole and absolute +aimto establish peace in Europe on firm foundationshas now decided +him to despatch part of the army abroad and to create a new condition +for the attainment of that purpose. + +Zat, my dear sir, is vy... he concluded, drinking a tumbler of +wine with dignity and looking to the count for approval. + +Connaissez-vous le Proverbe* Jerome, Jerome, do not roam, but +turn spindles at home!? said Shinshn, puckering his brows and +smiling. Cela nous convient merveille.*(2) Suvrov nowhe knew +what he was about yet they beat him plate couture,*(3) and where +are we to find Suvrovs now? Je vous demande un peu, *(4) said he, +continually changing from French to Russian. + + *Do you know the proverb? + + *(2) That suits us down to the ground. + + *(3) Hollow. + + *(4) I just ask you that. + +Ve must vight to the last tr-r-op of our plood! said the colonel, +thumping the table and ve must tie for our Emperor, and zen all vill +pe vell. And ve must discuss it as little as po-o-ossible... he dwelt +particularly on the word possible... as po-o-ossible, he ended, +again turning to the count. Zat is how ve old hussars look at it, and +zeres an end of it! And how do you, a young man and a young hussar, +how do you judge of it? he added, addressing Nicholas, who when he +heard that the war was being discussed had turned from his partner with +eyes and ears intent on the colonel. + +I am quite of your opinion, replied Nicholas, flaming up, turning +his plate round and moving his wineglasses about with as much decision +and desperation as though he were at that moment facing some great +danger. I am convinced that we Russians must die or conquer, he +concluded, consciousas were othersafter the words were uttered +that his remarks were too enthusiastic and emphatic for the occasion and +were therefore awkward. + +What you said just now was splendid! said his partner Julie. + +Snya trembled all over and blushed to her ears and behind them and +down to her neck and shoulders while Nicholas was speaking. + +Pierre listened to the colonels speech and nodded approvingly. + +Thats fine, said he. + +The young mans a real hussar! shouted the colonel, again +thumping the table. + +What are you making such a noise about over there? Mrya +Dmtrievnas deep voice suddenly inquired from the other end of the +table. What are you thumping the table for? she demanded of the +hussar, and why are you exciting yourself? Do you think the French +are here? + +I am speaking ze truce, replied the hussar with a smile. + +Its all about the war, the count shouted down the table. You +know my sons going, Mrya Dmtrievna? My son is going. + +I have four sons in the army but still I dont fret. It is all +in Gods hands. You may die in your bed or God may spare you in a +battle, replied Mrya Dmtrievnas deep voice, which easily +carried the whole length of the table. + +Thats true! + +Once more the conversations concentrated, the ladies at the one end +and the mens at the other. + +You wont ask, Natshas little brother was saying I know +you wont ask! + +I will, replied Natsha. + +Her face suddenly flushed with reckless and joyous resolution. She half +rose, by a glance inviting Pierre, who sat opposite, to listen to what +was coming, and turning to her mother + +Mamma! rang out the clear contralto notes of her childish voice, +audible the whole length of the table. + +What is it? asked the countess, startled but seeing by her +daughters face that it was only mischief, she shook a finger at her +sternly with a threatening and forbidding movement of her head. + +The conversation was hushed. + +Mamma! What sweets are we going to have? and Natshas voice +sounded still more firm and resolute. + +The countess tried to frown, but could not. Mrya Dmtrievna shook her +fat finger. + +Cossack! she said threateningly. + +Most of the guests, uncertain how to regard this sally, looked at the +elders. + +You had better take care! said the countess. + +Mamma! What sweets are we going to have? Natsha again cried +boldly, with saucy gaiety, confident that her prank would be taken in +good part. + +Snya and fat little Ptya doubled up with laughter. + +You see! I have asked, whispered Natsha to her little brother +and to Pierre, glancing at him again. + +Ice pudding, but you wont get any, said Mrya Dmtrievna. + +Natsha saw there was nothing to be afraid of and so she braved even +Mrya Dmtrievna. + +Mrya Dmtrievna! What kind of ice pudding? I dont like ice +cream. + +Carrot ices. + +No! What kind, Mrya Dmtrievna? What kind? she almost screamed +I want to know! + +Mrya Dmtrievna and the countess burst out laughing, and all the +guests joined in. Everyone laughed, not at Mrya Dmtrievnas answer +but at the incredible boldness and smartness of this little girl who had +dared to treat Mrya Dmtrievna in this fashion. + +Natsha only desisted when she had been told that there would be +pineapple ice. Before the ices, champagne was served round. The band +again struck up, the count and countess kissed, and the guests, leaving +their seats, went up to congratulate the countess, and reached +across the table to clink glasses with the count, with the children, and +with one another. Again the footmen rushed about, chairs scraped, and +in the same order in which they had entered but with redder faces, the +guests returned to the drawing room and to the counts study. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +The card tables were drawn out, sets made up for boston, and the +counts visitors settled themselves, some in the two drawing rooms, +some in the sitting room, some in the library. + +The count, holding his cards fanwise, kept himself with difficulty from +dropping into his usual after-dinner nap, and laughed at everything. +The young people, at the countess instigation, gathered round the +clavichord and harp. Julie by general request played first. After she +had played a little air with variations on the harp, she joined the +other young ladies in begging Natsha and Nicholas, who were noted for +their musical talent, to sing something. Natsha, who was treated as +though she were grown up, was evidently very proud of this but at the +same time felt shy. + +What shall we sing? she said. + +The Brook, suggested Nicholas. + +Well, then, lets be quick. Bors, come here, said Natsha. +But where is Snya? + +She looked round and seeing that her friend was not in the room ran to +look for her. + +Running into Snyas room and not finding her there, Natsha ran to +the nursery, but Snya was not there either. Natsha concluded that +she must be on the chest in the passage. The chest in the passage was +the place of mourning for the younger female generation in the Rostv +household. And there in fact was Snya lying face downward on Nurses +dirty feather bed on the top of the chest, crumpling her gauzy pink +dress under her, hiding her face with her slender fingers, and sobbing +so convulsively that her bare little shoulders shook. Natshas +face, which had been so radiantly happy all that saints day, suddenly +changed her eyes became fixed, and then a shiver passed down her broad +neck and the corners of her mouth drooped. + +Snya! What is it? What is the matter?... Oo... Oo... Oo...! And +Natshas large mouth widened, making her look quite ugly, and she +began to wail like a baby without knowing why, except that Snya was +crying. Snya tried to lift her head to answer but could not, and +hid her face still deeper in the bed. Natsha wept, sitting on the +blue-striped feather bed and hugging her friend. With an effort Snya +sat up and began wiping her eyes and explaining. + +Nicholas is going away in a weeks time, his... papers... have +come... he told me himself... but still I should not cry, and she +showed a paper she held in her handwith the verses Nicholas had +written, still, I should not cry, but you cant... no one can +understand... what a soul he has! + +And she began to cry again because he had such a noble soul. + +Its all very well for you... I am not envious... I love you and +Bors also, she went on, gaining a little strength he is nice... +there are no difficulties in your way.... But Nicholas is my cousin... +one would have to... the Metropolitan himself... and even then it +cant be done. And besides, if she tells Mamma (Snya looked upon +the countess as her mother and called her so) that I am spoiling +Nicholas career and am heartless and ungrateful, while truly... God +is my witness, and she made the sign of the cross, I love her so +much, and all of you, only Vra... And what for? What have I done +to her? I am so grateful to you that I would willingly sacrifice +everything, only I have nothing.... + +Snya could not continue, and again hid her face in her hands and in +the feather bed. Natsha began consoling her, but her face showed that +she understood all the gravity of her friends trouble. + +Snya, she suddenly exclaimed, as if she had guessed the true +reason of her friends sorrow, Im sure Vra has said something +to you since dinner? Hasnt she? + +Yes, these verses Nicholas wrote himself and I copied some others, +and she found them on my table and said shed show them to Mamma, and +that I was ungrateful, and that Mamma would never allow him to marry +me, but that hell marry Julie. You see how hes been with her all +day... Natsha, what have I done to deserve it?... + +And again she began to sob, more bitterly than before. Natsha lifted +her up, hugged her, and, smiling through her tears, began comforting +her. + +Snya, dont believe her, darling! Dont believe her! Do you +remember how we and Nicholas, all three of us, talked in the sitting +room after supper? Why, we settled how everything was to be. I dont +quite remember how, but dont you remember that it could all be +arranged and how nice it all was? Theres Uncle Shinshns brother +has married his first cousin. And we are only second cousins, you know. +And Bors says it is quite possible. You know I have told him all about +it. And he is so clever and so good! said Natsha. Dont +you cry, Snya, dear love, darling Snya! and she kissed her and +laughed. Vras spiteful never mind her! And all will come right +and she wont say anything to Mamma. Nicholas will tell her himself, +and he doesnt care at all for Julie. + +Natsha kissed her on the hair. + +Snya sat up. The little kitten brightened, its eyes shone, and it +seemed ready to lift its tail, jump down on its soft paws, and begin +playing with the ball of worsted as a kitten should. + +Do you think so?... Really? Truly? she said, quickly smoothing her +frock and hair. + +Really, truly! answered Natsha, pushing in a crisp lock that had +strayed from under her friends plaits. + +Both laughed. + +Well, lets go and sing The Brook. + +Come along! + +Do you know, that fat Pierre who sat opposite me is so funny! said +Natsha, stopping suddenly. I feel so happy! + +And she set off at a run along the passage. + +Snya, shaking off some down which clung to her and tucking away the +verses in the bosom of her dress close to her bony little chest, ran +after Natsha down the passage into the sitting room with flushed face +and light, joyous steps. At the visitors request the young people +sang the quartette, The Brook, with which everyone was delighted. +Then Nicholas sang a song he had just learned + + At nighttime in the moons fair glow + How sweet, as fancies wander free, + To feel that in this world theres one + Who still is thinking but of thee! + + That while her fingers touch the harp + Wafting sweet music oer the lea, + It is for thee thus swells her heart, + Sighing its message out to thee... + + A day or two, then bliss unspoilt, + But oh! till then I cannot live!... + +He had not finished the last verse before the young people began to +get ready to dance in the large hall, and the sound of the feet and the +coughing of the musicians were heard from the gallery. + + +Pierre was sitting in the drawing room where Shinshn had engaged him, +as a man recently returned from abroad, in a political conversation in +which several others joined but which bored Pierre. When the music began +Natsha came in and walking straight up to Pierre said, laughing and +blushing + +Mamma told me to ask you to join the dancers. + +I am afraid of mixing the figures, Pierre replied but if you +will be my teacher... And lowering his big arm he offered it to the +slender little girl. + +While the couples were arranging themselves and the musicians tuning up, +Pierre sat down with his little partner. Natsha was perfectly happy +she was dancing with a grown-up man, who had been abroad. She was +sitting in a conspicuous place and talking to him like a grown-up lady. +She had a fan in her hand that one of the ladies had given her to hold. +Assuming quite the pose of a society woman (heaven knows when and where +she had learned it) she talked with her partner, fanning herself and +smiling over the fan. + +Dear, dear! Just look at her! exclaimed the countess as she +crossed the ballroom, pointing to Natsha. + +Natsha blushed and laughed. + +Well, really, Mamma! Why should you? What is there to be surprised +at? + + +In the midst of the third cossaise there was a clatter of chairs being +pushed back in the sitting room where the count and Mrya Dmtrievna +had been playing cards with the majority of the more distinguished and +older visitors. They now, stretching themselves after sitting so long, +and replacing their purses and pocketbooks, entered the ballroom. First +came Mrya Dmtrievna and the count, both with merry countenances. The +count, with playful ceremony somewhat in ballet style, offered his +bent arm to Mrya Dmtrievna. He drew himself up, a smile of debonair +gallantry lit up his face and as soon as the last figure of the +cossaise was ended, he clapped his hands to the musicians and shouted +up to their gallery, addressing the first violin + +Semn! Do you know the Daniel Cooper? + +This was the counts favorite dance, which he had danced in his youth. +(Strictly speaking, Daniel Cooper was one figure of the anglaise.) + +Look at Papa! shouted Natsha to the whole company, and quite +forgetting that she was dancing with a grown-up partner she bent her +curly head to her knees and made the whole room ring with her laughter. + +And indeed everybody in the room looked with a smile of pleasure at the +jovial old gentleman, who standing beside his tall and stout partner, +Mrya Dmtrievna, curved his arms, beat time, straightened his +shoulders, turned out his toes, tapped gently with his foot, and, by +a smile that broadened his round face more and more, prepared the +onlookers for what was to follow. As soon as the provocatively gay +strains of Daniel Cooper (somewhat resembling those of a merry peasant +dance) began to sound, all the doorways of the ballroom were suddenly +filled by the domestic serfsthe men on one side and the women on +the otherwho with beaming faces had come to see their master making +merry. + +Just look at the master! A regular eagle he is! loudly remarked +the nurse, as she stood in one of the doorways. + +The count danced well and knew it. But his partner could not and did not +want to dance well. Her enormous figure stood erect, her powerful arms +hanging down (she had handed her reticule to the countess), and only her +stern but handsome face really joined in the dance. What was expressed +by the whole of the counts plump figure, in Mrya Dmtrievna found +expression only in her more and more beaming face and quivering nose. +But if the count, getting more and more into the swing of it, charmed +the spectators by the unexpectedness of his adroit maneuvers and +the agility with which he capered about on his light feet, Mrya +Dmtrievna produced no less impression by slight exertionsthe least +effort to move her shoulders or bend her arms when turning, or stamp +her footwhich everyone appreciated in view of her size and habitual +severity. The dance grew livelier and livelier. The other couples could +not attract a moments attention to their own evolutions and did not +even try to do so. All were watching the count and Mrya Dmtrievna. +Natsha kept pulling everyone by sleeve or dress, urging them to +look at Papa! though as it was they never took their eyes off the +couple. In the intervals of the dance the count, breathing deeply, waved +and shouted to the musicians to play faster. Faster, faster, and faster +lightly, more lightly, and yet more lightly whirled the count, flying +round Mrya Dmtrievna, now on his toes, now on his heels until, +turning his partner round to her seat, he executed the final pas, +raising his soft foot backwards, bowing his perspiring head, smiling +and making a wide sweep with his arm, amid a thunder of applause and +laughter led by Natsha. Both partners stood still, breathing heavily +and wiping their faces with their cambric handkerchiefs. + +Thats how we used to dance in our time, ma chre, said the +count. + +That was a Daniel Cooper! exclaimed Mrya Dmtrievna, tucking up +her sleeves and puffing heavily. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +While in the Rostvs ballroom the sixth anglaise was being danced, +to a tune in which the weary musicians blundered, and while tired +footmen and cooks were getting the supper, Count Bezkhov had a +sixth stroke. The doctors pronounced recovery impossible. After a mute +confession, communion was administered to the dying man, preparations +made for the sacrament of unction, and in his house there was the bustle +and thrill of suspense usual at such moments. Outside the house, beyond +the gates, a group of undertakers, who hid whenever a carriage drove up, +waited in expectation of an important order for an expensive funeral. +The Military Governor of Moscow, who had been assiduous in sending +aides-de-camp to inquire after the counts health, came himself +that evening to bid a last farewell to the celebrated grandee of +Catherines court, Count Bezkhov. + +The magnificent reception room was crowded. Everyone stood up +respectfully when the Military Governor, having stayed about half an +hour alone with the dying man, passed out, slightly acknowledging their +bows and trying to escape as quickly as possible from the glances fixed +on him by the doctors, clergy, and relatives of the family. Prince +Vasli, who had grown thinner and paler during the last few days, +escorted him to the door, repeating something to him several times in +low tones. + +When the Military Governor had gone, Prince Vasli sat down all alone +on a chair in the ballroom, crossing one leg high over the other, +leaning his elbow on his knee and covering his face with his hand. After +sitting so for a while he rose, and, looking about him with frightened +eyes, went with unusually hurried steps down the long corridor leading +to the back of the house, to the room of the eldest princess. + +Those who were in the dimly lit reception room spoke in nervous +whispers, and, whenever anyone went into or came from the dying mans +room, grew silent and gazed with eyes full of curiosity or expectancy at +his door, which creaked slightly when opened. + +The limits of human life ... are fixed and may not be +oerpassed, said an old priest to a lady who had taken a seat +beside him and was listening navely to his words. + +I wonder, is it not too late to administer unction? asked the +lady, adding the priests clerical title, as if she had no opinion of +her own on the subject. + +Ah, madam, it is a great sacrament, replied the priest, passing +his hand over the thin grizzled strands of hair combed back across his +bald head. + +Who was that? The Military Governor himself? was being asked at +the other side of the room. How young-looking he is! + +Yes, and he is over sixty. I hear the count no longer recognizes +anyone. They wished to administer the sacrament of unction. + +I knew someone who received that sacrament seven times. + +The second princess had just come from the sickroom with her eyes red +from weeping and sat down beside Dr. Lorrain, who was sitting in a +graceful pose under a portrait of Catherine, leaning his elbow on a +table. + +Beautiful, said the doctor in answer to a remark about the +weather. The weather is beautiful, Princess and besides, in Moscow +one feels as if one were in the country. + +Yes, indeed, replied the princess with a sigh. So he may have +something to drink? + +Lorrain considered. + +Has he taken his medicine? + +Yes. + +The doctor glanced at his watch. + +Take a glass of boiled water and put a pinch of cream of tartar, +and he indicated with his delicate fingers what he meant by a pinch. + +Dere has neffer been a gase, a German doctor was saying to an +aide-de-camp, dat one liffs after de sird stroke. + +And what a well-preserved man he was! remarked the aide-de-camp. +And who will inherit his wealth? he added in a whisper. + +It vont go begging, replied the German with a smile. + +Everyone again looked toward the door, which creaked as the second +princess went in with the drink she had prepared according to +Lorrains instructions. The German doctor went up to Lorrain. + +Do you think he can last till morning? asked the German, +addressing Lorrain in French which he pronounced badly. + +Lorrain, pursing up his lips, waved a severely negative finger before +his nose. + +Tonight, not later, said he in a low voice, and he moved away +with a decorous smile of self-satisfaction at being able clearly to +understand and state the patients condition. + +Meanwhile Prince Vasli had opened the door into the princess room. + +In this room it was almost dark only two tiny lamps were burning before +the icons and there was a pleasant scent of flowers and burnt pastilles. +The room was crowded with small pieces of furniture, whatnots, +cupboards, and little tables. The quilt of a high, white feather bed was +just visible behind a screen. A small dog began to bark. + +Ah, is it you, cousin? + +She rose and smoothed her hair, which was as usual so extremely smooth +that it seemed to be made of one piece with her head and covered with +varnish. + +Has anything happened? she asked. I am so terrified. + +No, there is no change. I only came to have a talk about business, +Catiche, * muttered the prince, seating himself wearily on the chair +she had just vacated. You have made the place warm, I must say, he +remarked. Well, sit down lets have a talk. + + *Catherine. + +I thought perhaps something had happened, she said with her +unchanging stonily severe expression and, sitting down opposite the +prince, she prepared to listen. + +I wished to get a nap, mon cousin, but I cant. + +Well, my dear? said Prince Vasli, taking her hand and bending it +downwards as was his habit. + +It was plain that this well? referred to much that they both +understood without naming. + +The princess, who had a straight, rigid body, abnormally long for her +legs, looked directly at Prince Vasli with no sign of emotion in her +prominent gray eyes. Then she shook her head and glanced up at the icons +with a sigh. This might have been taken as an expression of sorrow +and devotion, or of weariness and hope of resting before long. Prince +Vasli understood it as an expression of weariness. + +And I? he said do you think it is easier for me? I am as worn +out as a post horse, but still I must have a talk with you, Catiche, a +very serious talk. + +Prince Vasli said no more and his cheeks began to twitch nervously, +now on one side, now on the other, giving his face an unpleasant +expression which was never to be seen on it in a drawing room. His eyes +too seemed strange at one moment they looked impudently sly and at the +next glanced round in alarm. + +The princess, holding her little dog on her lap with her thin bony +hands, looked attentively into Prince Vaslis eyes evidently +resolved not to be the first to break silence, if she had to wait till +morning. + +Well, you see, my dear princess and cousin, Catherine Semnovna, +continued Prince Vasli, returning to his theme, apparently not +without an inner struggle at such a moment as this one must think +of everything. One must think of the future, of all of you... I love you +all, like children of my own, as you know. + +The princess continued to look at him without moving, and with the same +dull expression. + +And then of course my family has also to be considered, Prince +Vasli went on, testily pushing away a little table without looking at +her. You know, Catiche, that weyou three sisters, Mmontov, and +my wifeare the counts only direct heirs. I know, I know how hard +it is for you to talk or think of such matters. It is no easier for +me but, my dear, I am getting on for sixty and must be prepared for +anything. Do you know I have sent for Pierre? The count, pointing to +his portrait, definitely demanded that he should be called. + +Prince Vasli looked questioningly at the princess, but could not make +out whether she was considering what he had just said or whether she was +simply looking at him. + +There is one thing I constantly pray God to grant, mon cousin, she +replied, and it is that He would be merciful to him and would allow +his noble soul peacefully to leave this... + +Yes, yes, of course, interrupted Prince Vasli impatiently, +rubbing his bald head and angrily pulling back toward him the little +table that he had pushed away. But... in short, the fact is... you +know yourself that last winter the count made a will by which he left +all his property, not to us his direct heirs, but to Pierre. + +He has made wills enough! quietly remarked the princess. But he +cannot leave the estate to Pierre. Pierre is illegitimate. + +But, my dear, said Prince Vasli suddenly, clutching the little +table and becoming more animated and talking more rapidly what if +a letter has been written to the Emperor in which the count asks for +Pierres legitimation? Do you understand that in consideration of the +counts services, his request would be granted?... + +The princess smiled as people do who think they know more about the +subject under discussion than those they are talking with. + +I can tell you more, continued Prince Vasli, seizing her hand, +that letter was written, though it was not sent, and the Emperor knew +of it. The only question is, has it been destroyed or not? If not, then +as soon as all is over, and Prince Vasli sighed to intimate what he +meant by the words all is over, and the counts papers are opened, +the will and letter will be delivered to the Emperor, and the petition +will certainly be granted. Pierre will get everything as the legitimate +son. + +And our share? asked the princess smiling ironically, as if +anything might happen, only not that. + +But, my poor Catiche, it is as clear as daylight! He will then be the +legal heir to everything and you wont get anything. You must know, +my dear, whether the will and letter were written, and whether they have +been destroyed or not. And if they have somehow been overlooked, you +ought to know where they are, and must find them, because... + +What next? the princess interrupted, smiling sardonically and not +changing the expression of her eyes. I am a woman, and you think we +are all stupid but I know this an illegitimate son cannot inherit... +un btard!* she added, as if supposing that this translation of the +word would effectively prove to Prince Vasli the invalidity of his +contention. + + * A bastard. + +Well, really, Catiche! Cant you understand! You are so +intelligent, how is it you dont see that if the count has written a +letter to the Emperor begging him to recognize Pierre as legitimate, it +follows that Pierre will not be Pierre but will become Count Bezkhov, +and will then inherit everything under the will? And if the will and +letter are not destroyed, then you will have nothing but the consolation +of having been dutiful et tout ce qui sensuit!* Thats certain. + + * And all that follows therefrom. + +I know the will was made, but I also know that it is invalid +and you, mon cousin, seem to consider me a perfect fool, said the +princess with the expression women assume when they suppose they are +saying something witty and stinging. + +My dear Princess Catherine Semnovna, began Prince Vasli +impatiently, I came here not to wrangle with you, but to talk about +your interests as with a kinswoman, a good, kind, true relation. And I +tell you for the tenth time that if the letter to the Emperor and the +will in Pierres favor are among the counts papers, then, my dear +girl, you and your sisters are not heiresses! If you dont believe me, +then believe an expert. I have just been talking to Dmtri Onfrich +(the family solicitor) and he says the same. + +At this a sudden change evidently took place in the princess ideas +her thin lips grew white, though her eyes did not change, and her voice +when she began to speak passed through such transitions as she herself +evidently did not expect. + +That would be a fine thing! said she. I never wanted anything +and I dont now. + +She pushed the little dog off her lap and smoothed her dress. + +And this is gratitudethis is recognition for those who have +sacrificed everything for his sake! she cried. Its splendid! +Fine! I dont want anything, Prince. + +Yes, but you are not the only one. There are your sisters... +replied Prince Vasli. + +But the princess did not listen to him. + +Yes, I knew it long ago but had forgotten. I knew that I could expect +nothing but meanness, deceit, envy, intrigue, and ingratitudethe +blackest ingratitudein this house... + +Do you or do you not know where that will is? insisted Prince +Vasli, his cheeks twitching more than ever. + +Yes, I was a fool! I still believed in people, loved them, and +sacrificed myself. But only the base, the vile succeed! I know who has +been intriguing! + +The princess wished to rise, but the prince held her by the hand. She +had the air of one who has suddenly lost faith in the whole human race. +She gave her companion an angry glance. + +There is still time, my dear. You must remember, Catiche, that it was +all done casually in a moment of anger, of illness, and was afterwards +forgotten. Our duty, my dear, is to rectify his mistake, to ease his +last moments by not letting him commit this injustice, and not to let +him die feeling that he is rendering unhappy those who... + +Who sacrificed everything for him, chimed in the princess, who +would again have risen had not the prince still held her fast, though +he never could appreciate it. No, mon cousin, she added with a sigh, +I shall always remember that in this world one must expect no reward, +that in this world there is neither honor nor justice. In this world one +has to be cunning and cruel. + +Now come, come! Be reasonable. I know your excellent heart. + +No, I have a wicked heart. + +I know your heart, repeated the prince. I value your friendship +and wish you to have as good an opinion of me. Dont upset yourself, +and let us talk sensibly while there is still time, be it a day or be it +but an hour.... Tell me all you know about the will, and above all where +it is. You must know. We will take it at once and show it to the +count. He has, no doubt, forgotten it and will wish to destroy it. +You understand that my sole desire is conscientiously to carry out his +wishes that is my only reason for being here. I came simply to help him +and you. + +Now I see it all! I know who has been intriguingI know! cried +the princess. + +Thats not the point, my dear. + +Its that protg of yours, that sweet Princess Drubetskya, +that Anna Mikhylovna whom I would not take for a housemaid... the +infamous, vile woman! + +Do not let us lose any time... + +Ah, dont talk to me! Last winter she wheedled herself in here and +told the count such vile, disgraceful things about us, especially about +SophieI cant repeat themthat it made the count quite ill and he +would not see us for a whole fortnight. I know it was then he wrote this +vile, infamous paper, but I thought the thing was invalid. + +Weve got to it at lastwhy did you not tell me about it +sooner? + +Its in the inlaid portfolio that he keeps under his pillow, +said the princess, ignoring his question. Now I know! Yes if I have +a sin, a great sin, it is hatred of that vile woman! almost shrieked +the princess, now quite changed. And what does she come worming +herself in here for? But I will give her a piece of my mind. The time +will come! + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +While these conversations were going on in the reception room and the +princess room, a carriage containing Pierre (who had been sent for) +and Anna Mikhylovna (who found it necessary to accompany him) was +driving into the court of Count Bezkhovs house. As the wheels +rolled softly over the straw beneath the windows, Anna Mikhylovna, +having turned with words of comfort to her companion, realized that +he was asleep in his corner and woke him up. Rousing himself, Pierre +followed Anna Mikhylovna out of the carriage, and only then began +to think of the interview with his dying father which awaited him. He +noticed that they had not come to the front entrance but to the back +door. While he was getting down from the carriage steps two men, who +looked like tradespeople, ran hurriedly from the entrance and hid in the +shadow of the wall. Pausing for a moment, Pierre noticed several other +men of the same kind hiding in the shadow of the house on both sides. +But neither Anna Mikhylovna nor the footman nor the coachman, who +could not help seeing these people, took any notice of them. It seems +to be all right, Pierre concluded, and followed Anna Mikhylovna. +She hurriedly ascended the narrow dimly lit stone staircase, calling to +Pierre, who was lagging behind, to follow. Though he did not see why it +was necessary for him to go to the count at all, still less why he had +to go by the back stairs, yet judging by Anna Mikhylovnas air +of assurance and haste, Pierre concluded that it was all absolutely +necessary. Halfway up the stairs they were almost knocked over by +some men who, carrying pails, came running downstairs, their boots +clattering. These men pressed close to the wall to let Pierre and Anna +Mikhylovna pass and did not evince the least surprise at seeing them +there. + +Is this the way to the princesses apartments? asked Anna +Mikhylovna of one of them. + +Yes, replied a footman in a bold loud voice, as if anything were +now permissible the door to the left, maam. + +Perhaps the count did not ask for me, said Pierre when he reached +the landing. Id better go to my own room. + +Anna Mikhylovna paused and waited for him to come up. + +Ah, my friend! she said, touching his arm as she had done her +sons when speaking to him that afternoon, believe me I suffer no +less than you do, but be a man! + +But really, hadnt I better go away? he asked, looking kindly at +her over his spectacles. + +Ah, my dear friend! Forget the wrongs that may have been done you. +Think that he is your father ... perhaps in the agony of death. She +sighed. I have loved you like a son from the first. Trust yourself to +me, Pierre. I shall not forget your interests. + +Pierre did not understand a word, but the conviction that all this had +to be grew stronger, and he meekly followed Anna Mikhylovna who was +already opening a door. + +This door led into a back anteroom. An old man, a servant of the +princesses, sat in a corner knitting a stocking. Pierre had never been +in this part of the house and did not even know of the existence of +these rooms. Anna Mikhylovna, addressing a maid who was hurrying past +with a decanter on a tray as my dear and my sweet, asked +about the princess health and then led Pierre along a stone passage. +The first door on the left led into the princesses apartments. The +maid with the decanter in her haste had not closed the door (everything +in the house was done in haste at that time), and Pierre and Anna +Mikhylovna in passing instinctively glanced into the room, where +Prince Vasli and the eldest princess were sitting close together +talking. Seeing them pass, Prince Vasli drew back with obvious +impatience, while the princess jumped up and with a gesture of +desperation slammed the door with all her might. + +This action was so unlike her usual composure and the fear depicted on +Prince Vaslis face so out of keeping with his dignity that Pierre +stopped and glanced inquiringly over his spectacles at his guide. Anna +Mikhylovna evinced no surprise, she only smiled faintly and sighed, as +if to say that this was no more than she had expected. + +Be a man, my friend. I will look after your interests, said she in +reply to his look, and went still faster along the passage. + +Pierre could not make out what it was all about, and still less what +watching over his interests meant, but he decided that all these +things had to be. From the passage they went into a large, dimly +lit room adjoining the counts reception room. It was one of those +sumptuous but cold apartments known to Pierre only from the front +approach, but even in this room there now stood an empty bath, and water +had been spilled on the carpet. They were met by a deacon with a censer +and by a servant who passed out on tiptoe without heeding them. They +went into the reception room familiar to Pierre, with two Italian +windows opening into the conservatory, with its large bust and full +length portrait of Catherine the Great. The same people were still +sitting here in almost the same positions as before, whispering to one +another. All became silent and turned to look at the pale tear-worn Anna +Mikhylovna as she entered, and at the big stout figure of Pierre who, +hanging his head, meekly followed her. + +Anna Mikhylovnas face expressed a consciousness that the decisive +moment had arrived. With the air of a practical Petersburg lady she now, +keeping Pierre close beside her, entered the room even more boldly than +that afternoon. She felt that as she brought with her the person the +dying man wished to see, her own admission was assured. Casting a rapid +glance at all those in the room and noticing the counts confessor +there, she glided up to him with a sort of amble, not exactly bowing yet +seeming to grow suddenly smaller, and respectfully received the blessing +first of one and then of another priest. + +God be thanked that you are in time, said she to one of the +priests all we relatives have been in such anxiety. This young +man is the counts son, she added more softly. What a terrible +moment! + +Having said this she went up to the doctor. + +Dear doctor, said she, this young man is the counts son. Is +there any hope? + +The doctor cast a rapid glance upwards and silently shrugged his +shoulders. Anna Mikhylovna with just the same movement raised her +shoulders and eyes, almost closing the latter, sighed, and moved away +from the doctor to Pierre. To him, in a particularly respectful and +tenderly sad voice, she said + +Trust in His mercy! and pointing out a small sofa for him to sit +and wait for her, she went silently toward the door that everyone was +watching and it creaked very slightly as she disappeared behind it. + +Pierre, having made up his mind to obey his monitress implicitly, moved +toward the sofa she had indicated. As soon as Anna Mikhylovna had +disappeared he noticed that the eyes of all in the room turned to him +with something more than curiosity and sympathy. He noticed that they +whispered to one another, casting significant looks at him with a kind +of awe and even servility. A deference such as he had never before +received was shown him. A strange lady, the one who had been talking to +the priests, rose and offered him her seat an aide-de-camp picked up +and returned a glove Pierre had dropped the doctors became respectfully +silent as he passed by, and moved to make way for him. At first Pierre +wished to take another seat so as not to trouble the lady, and also to +pick up the glove himself and to pass round the doctors who were not +even in his way but all at once he felt that this would not do, and +that tonight he was a person obliged to perform some sort of awful +rite which everyone expected of him, and that he was therefore bound +to accept their services. He took the glove in silence from the +aide-de-camp, and sat down in the ladys chair, placing his huge hands +symmetrically on his knees in the nave attitude of an Egyptian statue, +and decided in his own mind that all was as it should be, and that in +order not to lose his head and do foolish things he must not act on his +own ideas tonight, but must yield himself up entirely to the will of +those who were guiding him. + +Not two minutes had passed before Prince Vasli with head erect +majestically entered the room. He was wearing his long coat with three +stars on his breast. He seemed to have grown thinner since the morning +his eyes seemed larger than usual when he glanced round and noticed +Pierre. He went up to him, took his hand (a thing he never used to do), +and drew it downwards as if wishing to ascertain whether it was firmly +fixed on. + +Courage, courage, my friend! He has asked to see you. That is +well! and he turned to go. + +But Pierre thought it necessary to ask How is... and hesitated, +not knowing whether it would be proper to call the dying man the +count, yet ashamed to call him father. + +He had another stroke about half an hour ago. Courage, my +friend... + +Pierres mind was in such a confused state that the word stroke +suggested to him a blow from something. He looked at Prince Vasli +in perplexity, and only later grasped that a stroke was an attack of +illness. Prince Vasli said something to Lorrain in passing and went +through the door on tiptoe. He could not walk well on tiptoe and his +whole body jerked at each step. The eldest princess followed him, and +the priests and deacons and some servants also went in at the door. +Through that door was heard a noise of things being moved about, and +at last Anna Mikhylovna, still with the same expression, pale but +resolute in the discharge of duty, ran out and touching Pierre lightly +on the arm said + +The divine mercy is inexhaustible! Unction is about to be +administered. Come. + +Pierre went in at the door, stepping on the soft carpet, and noticed +that the strange lady, the aide-de-camp, and some of the servants, all +followed him in, as if there were now no further need for permission to +enter that room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +Pierre well knew this large room divided by columns and an arch, its +walls hung round with Persian carpets. The part of the room behind the +columns, with a high silk-curtained mahogany bedstead on one side and +on the other an immense case containing icons, was brightly illuminated +with red light like a Russian church during evening service. Under +the gleaming icons stood a long invalid chair, and in that chair +on snowy-white smooth pillows, evidently freshly changed, Pierre +sawcovered to the waist by a bright green quiltthe familiar, +majestic figure of his father, Count Bezkhov, with that gray mane of +hair above his broad forehead which reminded one of a lion, and the deep +characteristically noble wrinkles of his handsome, ruddy face. He lay +just under the icons his large thick hands outside the quilt. Into the +right hand, which was lying palm downwards, a wax taper had been thrust +between forefinger and thumb, and an old servant, bending over from +behind the chair, held it in position. By the chair stood the priests, +their long hair falling over their magnificent glittering vestments, +with lighted tapers in their hands, slowly and solemnly conducting the +service. A little behind them stood the two younger princesses holding +handkerchiefs to their eyes, and just in front of them their eldest +sister, Catiche, with a vicious and determined look steadily fixed on +the icons, as though declaring to all that she could not answer for +herself should she glance round. Anna Mikhylovna, with a meek, +sorrowful, and all-forgiving expression on her face, stood by the door +near the strange lady. Prince Vasli in front of the door, near the +invalid chair, a wax taper in his left hand, was leaning his left arm on +the carved back of a velvet chair he had turned round for the purpose, +and was crossing himself with his right hand, turning his eyes upward +each time he touched his forehead. His face wore a calm look of piety +and resignation to the will of God. If you do not understand these +sentiments, he seemed to be saying, so much the worse for you! + +Behind him stood the aide-de-camp, the doctors, and the menservants +the men and women had separated as in church. All were silently crossing +themselves, and the reading of the church service, the subdued chanting +of deep bass voices, and in the intervals sighs and the shuffling of +feet were the only sounds that could be heard. Anna Mikhylovna, with +an air of importance that showed that she felt she quite knew what she +was about, went across the room to where Pierre was standing and gave +him a taper. He lit it and, distracted by observing those around him, +began crossing himself with the hand that held the taper. + +Sophie, the rosy, laughter-loving, youngest princess with the mole, +watched him. She smiled, hid her face in her handkerchief, and remained +with it hidden for awhile then looking up and seeing Pierre she +again began to laugh. She evidently felt unable to look at him +without laughing, but could not resist looking at him so to be out of +temptation she slipped quietly behind one of the columns. In the midst +of the service the voices of the priests suddenly ceased, they whispered +to one another, and the old servant who was holding the counts hand +got up and said something to the ladies. Anna Mikhylovna stepped +forward and, stooping over the dying man, beckoned to Lorrain from +behind her back. The French doctor held no taper he was leaning +against one of the columns in a respectful attitude implying that he, +a foreigner, in spite of all differences of faith, understood the full +importance of the rite now being performed and even approved of it. He +now approached the sick man with the noiseless step of one in full vigor +of life, with his delicate white fingers raised from the green quilt the +hand that was free, and turning sideways felt the pulse and reflected +a moment. The sick man was given something to drink, there was a +stir around him, then the people resumed their places and the service +continued. During this interval Pierre noticed that Prince Vasli +left the chair on which he had been leaning, andwith an air +which intimated that he knew what he was about and if others did not +understand him it was so much the worse for themdid not go up to the +dying man, but passed by him, joined the eldest princess, and moved +with her to the side of the room where stood the high bedstead with its +silken hangings. On leaving the bed both Prince Vasli and the princess +passed out by a back door, but returned to their places one after the +other before the service was concluded. Pierre paid no more attention +to this occurrence than to the rest of what went on, having made up his +mind once for all that what he saw happening around him that evening was +in some way essential. + +The chanting of the service ceased, and the voice of the priest was +heard respectfully congratulating the dying man on having received the +sacrament. The dying man lay as lifeless and immovable as before. Around +him everyone began to stir steps were audible and whispers, among which +Anna Mikhylovnas was the most distinct. + +Pierre heard her say + +Certainly he must be moved onto the bed here it will be +impossible... + +The sick man was so surrounded by doctors, princesses, and servants +that Pierre could no longer see the reddish-yellow face with its gray +manewhich, though he saw other faces as well, he had not lost sight +of for a single moment during the whole service. He judged by the +cautious movements of those who crowded round the invalid chair that +they had lifted the dying man and were moving him. + +Catch hold of my arm or youll drop him! he heard one of the +servants say in a frightened whisper. Catch hold from underneath. +Here! exclaimed different voices and the heavy breathing of the +bearers and the shuffling of their feet grew more hurried, as if the +weight they were carrying were too much for them. + +As the bearers, among whom was Anna Mikhylovna, passed the young man +he caught a momentary glimpse between their heads and backs of the dying +mans high, stout, uncovered chest and powerful shoulders, raised by +those who were holding him under the armpits, and of his gray, curly, +leonine head. This head, with its remarkably broad brow and cheekbones, +its handsome, sensual mouth, and its cold, majestic expression, was +not disfigured by the approach of death. It was the same as Pierre +remembered it three months before, when the count had sent him to +Petersburg. But now this head was swaying helplessly with the uneven +movements of the bearers, and the cold listless gaze fixed itself upon +nothing. + +After a few minutes bustle beside the high bedstead, those who had +carried the sick man dispersed. Anna Mikhylovna touched Pierres +hand and said, Come. Pierre went with her to the bed on which the +sick man had been laid in a stately pose in keeping with the ceremony +just completed. He lay with his head propped high on the pillows. His +hands were symmetrically placed on the green silk quilt, the palms +downward. When Pierre came up the count was gazing straight at him, but +with a look the significance of which could not be understood by mortal +man. Either this look meant nothing but that as long as one has eyes +they must look somewhere, or it meant too much. Pierre hesitated, +not knowing what to do, and glanced inquiringly at his guide. Anna +Mikhylovna made a hurried sign with her eyes, glancing at the sick +mans hand and moving her lips as if to send it a kiss. Pierre, +carefully stretching his neck so as not to touch the quilt, followed her +suggestion and pressed his lips to the large boned, fleshy hand. Neither +the hand nor a single muscle of the counts face stirred. Once more +Pierre looked questioningly at Anna Mikhylovna to see what he was to +do next. Anna Mikhylovna with her eyes indicated a chair that stood +beside the bed. Pierre obediently sat down, his eyes asking if he were +doing right. Anna Mikhylovna nodded approvingly. Again Pierre fell +into the navely symmetrical pose of an Egyptian statue, evidently +distressed that his stout and clumsy body took up so much room and doing +his utmost to look as small as possible. He looked at the count, who +still gazed at the spot where Pierres face had been before he sat +down. Anna Mikhylovna indicated by her attitude her consciousness of +the pathetic importance of these last moments of meeting between the +father and son. This lasted about two minutes, which to Pierre seemed an +hour. Suddenly the broad muscles and lines of the counts face began +to twitch. The twitching increased, the handsome mouth was drawn to one +side (only now did Pierre realize how near death his father was), and +from that distorted mouth issued an indistinct, hoarse sound. Anna +Mikhylovna looked attentively at the sick mans eyes, trying to +guess what he wanted she pointed first to Pierre, then to some drink, +then named Prince Vasli in an inquiring whisper, then pointed to the +quilt. The eyes and face of the sick man showed impatience. He made an +effort to look at the servant who stood constantly at the head of the +bed. + +Wants to turn on the other side, whispered the servant, and got up +to turn the counts heavy body toward the wall. + +Pierre rose to help him. + +While the count was being turned over, one of his arms fell back +helplessly and he made a fruitless effort to pull it forward. Whether he +noticed the look of terror with which Pierre regarded that lifeless arm, +or whether some other thought flitted across his dying brain, at any +rate he glanced at the refractory arm, at Pierres terror-stricken +face, and again at the arm, and on his face a feeble, piteous smile +appeared, quite out of keeping with his features, that seemed to deride +his own helplessness. At sight of this smile Pierre felt an unexpected +quivering in his breast and a tickling in his nose, and tears dimmed his +eyes. The sick man was turned on to his side with his face to the wall. +He sighed. + +He is dozing, said Anna Mikhylovna, observing that one of the +princesses was coming to take her turn at watching. Let us go. + +Pierre went out. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +There was now no one in the reception room except Prince Vasli and the +eldest princess, who were sitting under the portrait of Catherine the +Great and talking eagerly. As soon as they saw Pierre and his companion +they became silent, and Pierre thought he saw the princess hide +something as she whispered + +I cant bear the sight of that woman. + +Catiche has had tea served in the small drawing room, said Prince +Vasli to Anna Mikhylovna. Go and take something, my poor Anna +Mikhylovna, or you will not hold out. + +To Pierre he said nothing, merely giving his arm a sympathetic squeeze +below the shoulder. Pierre went with Anna Mikhylovna into the small +drawing room. + +There is nothing so refreshing after a sleepless night as a cup +of this delicious Russian tea, Lorrain was saying with an air of +restrained animation as he stood sipping tea from a delicate Chinese +handleless cup before a table on which tea and a cold supper were laid +in the small circular room. Around the table all who were at Count +Bezkhovs house that night had gathered to fortify themselves. +Pierre well remembered this small circular drawing room with its mirrors +and little tables. During balls given at the house Pierre, who did not +know how to dance, had liked sitting in this room to watch the ladies +who, as they passed through in their ball dresses with diamonds and +pearls on their bare shoulders, looked at themselves in the brilliantly +lighted mirrors which repeated their reflections several times. Now +this same room was dimly lighted by two candles. On one small table tea +things and supper dishes stood in disorder, and in the middle of the +night a motley throng of people sat there, not merrymaking, but somberly +whispering, and betraying by every word and movement that they none +of them forgot what was happening and what was about to happen in the +bedroom. Pierre did not eat anything though he would very much have +liked to. He looked inquiringly at his monitress and saw that she was +again going on tiptoe to the reception room where they had left Prince +Vasli and the eldest princess. Pierre concluded that this also was +essential, and after a short interval followed her. Anna Mikhylovna +was standing beside the princess, and they were both speaking in excited +whispers. + +Permit me, Princess, to know what is necessary and what is not +necessary, said the younger of the two speakers, evidently in the +same state of excitement as when she had slammed the door of her room. + +But, my dear princess, answered Anna Mikhylovna blandly but +impressively, blocking the way to the bedroom and preventing the other +from passing, wont this be too much for poor Uncle at a moment +when he needs repose? Worldly conversation at a moment when his soul is +already prepared... + +Prince Vasli was seated in an easy chair in his familiar attitude, +with one leg crossed high above the other. His cheeks, which were so +flabby that they looked heavier below, were twitching violently but +he wore the air of a man little concerned in what the two ladies were +saying. + +Come, my dear Anna Mikhylovna, let Catiche do as she pleases. You +know how fond the count is of her. + +I dont even know what is in this paper, said the younger of +the two ladies, addressing Prince Vasli and pointing to an inlaid +portfolio she held in her hand. All I know is that his real will is +in his writing table, and this is a paper he has forgotten.... + +She tried to pass Anna Mikhylovna, but the latter sprang so as to bar +her path. + +I know, my dear, kind princess, said Anna Mikhylovna, seizing +the portfolio so firmly that it was plain she would not let go easily. +Dear princess, I beg and implore you, have some pity on him! Je vous +en conjure... + +The princess did not reply. Their efforts in the struggle for the +portfolio were the only sounds audible, but it was evident that if +the princess did speak, her words would not be flattering to Anna +Mikhylovna. Though the latter held on tenaciously, her voice lost none +of its honeyed firmness and softness. + +Pierre, my dear, come here. I think he will not be out of place in a +family consultation is it not so, Prince? + +Why dont you speak, cousin? suddenly shrieked the princess so +loud that those in the drawing room heard her and were startled. Why +do you remain silent when heaven knows who permits herself to +interfere, making a scene on the very threshold of a dying mans room? +Intriguer! she hissed viciously, and tugged with all her might at the +portfolio. + +But Anna Mikhylovna went forward a step or two to keep her hold on the +portfolio, and changed her grip. + +Prince Vasli rose. Oh! said he with reproach and surprise, +this is absurd! Come, let go I tell you. + +The princess let go. + +And you too! + +But Anna Mikhylovna did not obey him. + +Let go, I tell you! I will take the responsibility. I myself will go +and ask him, I!... does that satisfy you? + +But, Prince, said Anna Mikhylovna, after such a solemn +sacrament, allow him a moments peace! Here, Pierre, tell them your +opinion, said she, turning to the young man who, having come quite +close, was gazing with astonishment at the angry face of the princess +which had lost all dignity, and at the twitching cheeks of Prince +Vasli. + +Remember that you will answer for the consequences, said Prince +Vasli severely. You dont know what you are doing. + +Vile woman! shouted the princess, darting unexpectedly at Anna +Mikhylovna and snatching the portfolio from her. + +Prince Vasli bent his head and spread out his hands. + +At this moment that terrible door, which Pierre had watched so long +and which had always opened so quietly, burst noisily open and banged +against the wall, and the second of the three sisters rushed out +wringing her hands. + +What are you doing! she cried vehemently. He is dying and you +leave me alone with him! + +Her sister dropped the portfolio. Anna Mikhylovna, stooping, quickly +caught up the object of contention and ran into the bedroom. The eldest +princess and Prince Vasli, recovering themselves, followed her. A few +minutes later the eldest sister came out with a pale hard face, again +biting her underlip. At sight of Pierre her expression showed an +irrepressible hatred. + +Yes, now you may be glad! said she this is what you have +been waiting for. And bursting into tears she hid her face in her +handkerchief and rushed from the room. + +Prince Vasli came next. He staggered to the sofa on which Pierre was +sitting and dropped onto it, covering his face with his hand. Pierre +noticed that he was pale and that his jaw quivered and shook as if in an +ague. + +Ah, my friend! said he, taking Pierre by the elbow and there was +in his voice a sincerity and weakness Pierre had never observed in it +before. How often we sin, how much we deceive, and all for what? I am +near sixty, dear friend... I too... All will end in death, all! Death is +awful... and he burst into tears. + +Anna Mikhylovna came out last. She approached Pierre with slow, quiet +steps. + +Pierre! she said. + +Pierre gave her an inquiring look. She kissed the young man on his +forehead, wetting him with her tears. Then after a pause she said + +He is no more.... + +Pierre looked at her over his spectacles. + +Come, I will go with you. Try to weep, nothing gives such relief as +tears. + +She led him into the dark drawing room and Pierre was glad no one could +see his face. Anna Mikhylovna left him, and when she returned he was +fast asleep with his head on his arm. + +In the morning Anna Mikhylovna said to Pierre + +Yes, my dear, this is a great loss for us all, not to speak of you. +But God will support you you are young, and are now, I hope, in command +of an immense fortune. The will has not yet been opened. I know you +well enough to be sure that this will not turn your head, but it imposes +duties on you, and you must be a man. + +Pierre was silent. + +Perhaps later on I may tell you, my dear boy, that if I had not been +there, God only knows what would have happened! You know, Uncle promised +me only the day before yesterday not to forget Bors. But he had +no time. I hope, my dear friend, you will carry out your fathers +wish? + +Pierre understood nothing of all this and coloring shyly looked in +silence at Princess Anna Mikhylovna. After her talk with Pierre, Anna +Mikhylovna returned to the Rostvs and went to bed. On waking in +the morning she told the Rostvs and all her acquaintances the details +of Count Bezkhovs death. She said the count had died as she would +herself wish to die, that his end was not only touching but edifying. As +to the last meeting between father and son, it was so touching that she +could not think of it without tears, and did not know which had behaved +better during those awful momentsthe father who so remembered +everything and everybody at last and had spoken such pathetic words to +the son, or Pierre, whom it had been pitiful to see, so stricken was he +with grief, though he tried hard to hide it in order not to sadden his +dying father. It is painful, but it does one good. It uplifts the +soul to see such men as the old count and his worthy son, said she. +Of the behavior of the eldest princess and Prince Vasli she spoke +disapprovingly, but in whispers and as a great secret. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXV + +At Bald Hills, Prince Nicholas Andrevich Bolknskis estate, the +arrival of young Prince Andrew and his wife was daily expected, but +this expectation did not upset the regular routine of life in the old +princes household. General in Chief Prince Nicholas Andrevich +(nicknamed in society, the King of Prussia) ever since the Emperor +Paul had exiled him to his country estate had lived there continuously +with his daughter, Princess Mary, and her companion, Mademoiselle +Bourienne. Though in the new reign he was free to return to the +capitals, he still continued to live in the country, remarking that +anyone who wanted to see him could come the hundred miles from Moscow to +Bald Hills, while he himself needed no one and nothing. He used to +say that there are only two sources of human viceidleness and +superstition, and only two virtuesactivity and intelligence. He +himself undertook his daughters education, and to develop these two +cardinal virtues in her gave her lessons in algebra and geometry +till she was twenty, and arranged her life so that her whole time was +occupied. He was himself always occupied writing his memoirs, solving +problems in higher mathematics, turning snuffboxes on a lathe, working +in the garden, or superintending the building that was always going on +at his estate. As regularity is a prime condition facilitating activity, +regularity in his household was carried to the highest point of +exactitude. He always came to table under precisely the same conditions, +and not only at the same hour but at the same minute. With those about +him, from his daughter to his serfs, the prince was sharp and invariably +exacting, so that without being a hardhearted man he inspired such fear +and respect as few hardhearted men would have aroused. Although he was +in retirement and had now no influence in political affairs, every high +official appointed to the province in which the princes estate lay +considered it his duty to visit him and waited in the lofty antechamber +just as the architect, gardener, or Princess Mary did, till the prince +appeared punctually to the appointed hour. Everyone sitting in this +antechamber experienced the same feeling of respect and even fear when +the enormously high study door opened and showed the figure of a rather +small old man, with powdered wig, small withered hands, and bushy gray +eyebrows which, when he frowned, sometimes hid the gleam of his shrewd, +youthfully glittering eyes. + +On the morning of the day that the young couple were to arrive, Princess +Mary entered the antechamber as usual at the time appointed for the +morning greeting, crossing herself with trepidation and repeating a +silent prayer. Every morning she came in like that, and every morning +prayed that the daily interview might pass off well. + +An old powdered manservant who was sitting in the antechamber rose +quietly and said in a whisper Please walk in. + +Through the door came the regular hum of a lathe. The princess timidly +opened the door which moved noiselessly and easily. She paused at the +entrance. The prince was working at the lathe and after glancing round +continued his work. + +The enormous study was full of things evidently in constant use. +The large table covered with books and plans, the tall glass-fronted +bookcases with keys in the locks, the high desk for writing while +standing up, on which lay an open exercise book, and the lathe with +tools laid ready to hand and shavings scattered aroundall indicated +continuous, varied, and orderly activity. The motion of the small foot +shod in a Tartar boot embroidered with silver, and the firm pressure +of the lean sinewy hand, showed that the prince still possessed the +tenacious endurance and vigor of hardy old age. After a few more turns +of the lathe he removed his foot from the pedal, wiped his chisel, +dropped it into a leather pouch attached to the lathe, and, approaching +the table, summoned his daughter. He never gave his children a blessing, +so he simply held out his bristly cheek (as yet unshaven) and, regarding +her tenderly and attentively, said severely + +Quite well? All right then, sit down. He took the exercise book +containing lessons in geometry written by himself and drew up a chair +with his foot. + +For tomorrow! said he, quickly finding the page and making a +scratch from one paragraph to another with his hard nail. + +The princess bent over the exercise book on the table. + +Wait a bit, heres a letter for you, said the old man suddenly, +taking a letter addressed in a womans hand from a bag hanging above +the table, onto which he threw it. + +At the sight of the letter red patches showed themselves on the +princess face. She took it quickly and bent her head over it. + +From Hlose? asked the prince with a cold smile that showed his +still sound, yellowish teeth. + +Yes, its from Julie, replied the princess with a timid glance +and a timid smile. + +Ill let two more letters pass, but the third Ill read, said +the prince sternly Im afraid you write much nonsense. Ill read +the third! + +Read this if you like, Father, said the princess, blushing still +more and holding out the letter. + +The third, I said the third! cried the prince abruptly, pushing +the letter away, and leaning his elbows on the table he drew toward him +the exercise book containing geometrical figures. + +Well, madam, he began, stooping over the book close to his +daughter and placing an arm on the back of the chair on which she sat, +so that she felt herself surrounded on all sides by the acrid scent of +old age and tobacco, which she had known so long. Now, madam, these +triangles are equal please note that the angle ABC... + +The princess looked in a scared way at her fathers eyes glittering +close to her the red patches on her face came and went, and it was +plain that she understood nothing and was so frightened that her +fear would prevent her understanding any of her fathers further +explanations, however clear they might be. Whether it was the +teachers fault or the pupils, this same thing happened every day +the princess eyes grew dim, she could not see and could not hear +anything, but was only conscious of her stern fathers withered face +close to her, of his breath and the smell of him, and could think only +of how to get away quickly to her own room to make out the problem in +peace. The old man was beside himself moved the chair on which he was +sitting noisily backward and forward, made efforts to control himself +and not become vehement, but almost always did become vehement, scolded, +and sometimes flung the exercise book away. + +The princess gave a wrong answer. + +Well now, isnt she a fool! shouted the prince, pushing the book +aside and turning sharply away but rising immediately, he paced up and +down, lightly touched his daughters hair and sat down again. + +He drew up his chair, and continued to explain. + +This wont do, Princess it wont do, said he, when Princess +Mary, having taken and closed the exercise book with the next days +lesson, was about to leave Mathematics are most important, madam! +I dont want to have you like our silly ladies. Get used to it and +youll like it, and he patted her cheek. It will drive all the +nonsense out of your head. + +She turned to go, but he stopped her with a gesture and took an uncut +book from the high desk. + +Here is some sort of Key to the Mysteries that your Hlose has +sent you. Religious! I dont interfere with anyones belief... I +have looked at it. Take it. Well, now go. Go. + +He patted her on the shoulder and himself closed the door after her. + +Princess Mary went back to her room with the sad, scared expression that +rarely left her and which made her plain, sickly face yet plainer. She +sat down at her writing table, on which stood miniature portraits and +which was littered with books and papers. The princess was as untidy as +her father was tidy. She put down the geometry book and eagerly broke +the seal of her letter. It was from her most intimate friend from +childhood that same Julie Kargina who had been at the Rostvs +name-day party. + +Julie wrote in French + +Dear and precious Friend, How terrible and frightful a thing is +separation! Though I tell myself that half my life and half my happiness +are wrapped up in you, and that in spite of the distance separating us +our hearts are united by indissoluble bonds, my heart rebels against +fate and in spite of the pleasures and distractions around me I cannot +overcome a certain secret sorrow that has been in my heart ever since +we parted. Why are we not together as we were last summer, in your big +study, on the blue sofa, the confidential sofa? Why cannot I now, as +three months ago, draw fresh moral strength from your look, so gentle, +calm, and penetrating, a look I loved so well and seem to see before me +as I write? + +Having read thus far, Princess Mary sighed and glanced into the mirror +which stood on her right. It reflected a weak, ungraceful figure and +thin face. Her eyes, always sad, now looked with particular hopelessness +at her reflection in the glass. She flatters me, thought the +princess, turning away and continuing to read. But Julie did not flatter +her friend, the princess eyeslarge, deep and luminous (it seemed +as if at times there radiated from them shafts of warm light)were +so beautiful that very often in spite of the plainness of her face +they gave her an attraction more powerful than that of beauty. But the +princess never saw the beautiful expression of her own eyesthe look +they had when she was not thinking of herself. As with everyone, her +face assumed a forced unnatural expression as soon as she looked in a +glass. She went on reading + +All Moscow talks of nothing but war. One of my two brothers is already +abroad, the other is with the Guards, who are starting on their march +to the frontier. Our dear Emperor has left Petersburg and it is thought +intends to expose his precious person to the chances of war. God grant +that the Corsican monster who is destroying the peace of Europe may +be overthrown by the angel whom it has pleased the Almighty, in His +goodness, to give us as sovereign! To say nothing of my brothers, this +war has deprived me of one of the associations nearest my heart. I mean +young Nicholas Rostv, who with his enthusiasm could not bear to remain +inactive and has left the university to join the army. I will confess to +you, dear Mary, that in spite of his extreme youth his departure for +the army was a great grief to me. This young man, of whom I spoke to you +last summer, is so noble-minded and full of that real youthfulness which +one seldom finds nowadays among our old men of twenty and, particularly, +he is so frank and has so much heart. He is so pure and poetic that +my relations with him, transient as they were, have been one of the +sweetest comforts to my poor heart, which has already suffered so much. +Someday I will tell you about our parting and all that was said then. +That is still too fresh. Ah, dear friend, you are happy not to know +these poignant joys and sorrows. You are fortunate, for the latter are +generally the stronger! I know very well that Count Nicholas is too +young ever to be more to me than a friend, but this sweet friendship, +this poetic and pure intimacy, were what my heart needed. But enough of +this! The chief news, about which all Moscow gossips, is the death of +old Count Bezkhov, and his inheritance. Fancy! The three princesses +have received very little, Prince Vasli nothing, and it is Monsieur +Pierre who has inherited all the property and has besides been +recognized as legitimate so that he is now Count Bezkhov and +possessor of the finest fortune in Russia. It is rumored that Prince +Vasli played a very despicable part in this affair and that he +returned to Petersburg quite crestfallen. + +I confess I understand very little about all these matters of wills and +inheritance but I do know that since this young man, whom we all used +to know as plain Monsieur Pierre, has become Count Bezkhov and the +owner of one of the largest fortunes in Russia, I am much amused to +watch the change in the tone and manners of the mammas burdened by +marriageable daughters, and of the young ladies themselves, toward +him, though, between you and me, he always seemed to me a poor sort +of fellow. As for the past two years people have amused themselves +by finding husbands for me (most of whom I dont even know), the +matchmaking chronicles of Moscow now speak of me as the future Countess +Bezkhova. But you will understand that I have no desire for the post. + propos of marriages do you know that a while ago that universal +auntie Anna Mikhylovna told me, under the seal of strict secrecy, of +a plan of marriage for you. It is neither more nor less than with Prince +Vaslis son Anatole, whom they wish to reform by marrying him to +someone rich and distingue, and it is on you that his relations +choice has fallen. I dont know what you will think of it, but +I consider it my duty to let you know of it. He is said to be very +handsome and a terrible scapegrace. That is all I have been able to find +out about him. + +But enough of gossip. I am at the end of my second sheet of paper, and +Mamma has sent for me to go and dine at the Aprksins. Read the +mystical book I am sending you it has an enormous success here. Though +there are things in it difficult for the feeble human mind to grasp, it +is an admirable book which calms and elevates the soul. Adieu! Give +my respects to monsieur your father and my compliments to Mademoiselle +Bourienne. I embrace you as I love you. + +JULIE + +P.S. Let me have news of your brother and his charming little wife. + +The princess pondered awhile with a thoughtful smile and her luminous +eyes lit up so that her face was entirely transformed. Then she suddenly +rose and with her heavy tread went up to the table. She took a sheet of +paper and her hand moved rapidly over it. This is the reply she wrote, +also in French + +Dear and precious Friend, Your letter of the 13th has given me great +delight. So you still love me, my romantic Julie? Separation, of which +you say so much that is bad, does not seem to have had its usual effect +on you. You complain of our separation. What then should I say, if I +dared complain, I who am deprived of all who are dear to me? Ah, if +we had not religion to console us life would be very sad. Why do you +suppose that I should look severely on your affection for that young +man? On such matters I am only severe with myself. I understand such +feelings in others, and if never having felt them I cannot approve of +them, neither do I condemn them. Only it seems to me that Christian +love, love of ones neighbor, love of ones enemy, is worthier, +sweeter, and better than the feelings which the beautiful eyes of a +young man can inspire in a romantic and loving young girl like yourself. + +The news of Count Bezkhovs death reached us before your letter +and my father was much affected by it. He says the count was the last +representative but one of the great century, and that it is his own +turn now, but that he will do all he can to let his turn come as late as +possible. God preserve us from that terrible misfortune! + +I cannot agree with you about Pierre, whom I knew as a child. He always +seemed to me to have an excellent heart, and that is the quality I value +most in people. As to his inheritance and the part played by Prince +Vasli, it is very sad for both. Ah, my dear friend, our divine +Saviours words, that it is easier for a camel to go through the +eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God, are +terribly true. I pity Prince Vasli but am still more sorry for Pierre. +So young, and burdened with such richesto what temptations he will be +exposed! If I were asked what I desire most on earth, it would be to be +poorer than the poorest beggar. A thousand thanks, dear friend, for the +volume you have sent me and which has such success in Moscow. Yet since +you tell me that among some good things it contains others which our +weak human understanding cannot grasp, it seems to me rather useless to +spend time in reading what is unintelligible and can therefore bear +no fruit. I never could understand the fondness some people have for +confusing their minds by dwelling on mystical books that merely awaken +their doubts and excite their imagination, giving them a bent for +exaggeration quite contrary to Christian simplicity. Let us rather read +the Epistles and Gospels. Let us not seek to penetrate what mysteries +they contain for how can we, miserable sinners that we are, know the +terrible and holy secrets of Providence while we remain in this flesh +which forms an impenetrable veil between us and the Eternal? Let us +rather confine ourselves to studying those sublime rules which our +divine Saviour has left for our guidance here below. Let us try to +conform to them and follow them, and let us be persuaded that the less +we let our feeble human minds roam, the better we shall please God, who +rejects all knowledge that does not come from Him and the less we seek +to fathom what He has been pleased to conceal from us, the sooner will +He vouchsafe its revelation to us through His divine Spirit. + +My father has not spoken to me of a suitor, but has only told me that he +has received a letter and is expecting a visit from Prince Vasli. In +regard to this project of marriage for me, I will tell you, dear sweet +friend, that I look on marriage as a divine institution to which we must +conform. However painful it may be to me, should the Almighty lay +the duties of wife and mother upon me I shall try to perform them as +faithfully as I can, without disquieting myself by examining my feelings +toward him whom He may give me for husband. + +I have had a letter from my brother, who announces his speedy arrival +at Bald Hills with his wife. This pleasure will be but a brief one, +however, for he will leave us again to take part in this unhappy war +into which we have been drawn, God knows how or why. Not only where you +areat the heart of affairs and of the worldis the talk all of +war, even here amid fieldwork and the calm of naturewhich townsfolk +consider characteristic of the countryrumors of war are heard +and painfully felt. My father talks of nothing but marches and +countermarches, things of which I understand nothing and the day +before yesterday during my daily walk through the village I witnessed a +heartrending scene.... It was a convoy of conscripts enrolled from our +people and starting to join the army. You should have seen the state of +the mothers, wives, and children of the men who were going and should +have heard the sobs. It seems as though mankind has forgotten the +laws of its divine Saviour, Who preached love and forgiveness of +injuriesand that men attribute the greatest merit to skill in killing +one another. + +Adieu, dear and kind friend may our divine Saviour and His most Holy +Mother keep you in their holy and all-powerful care! + +MARY + +Ah, you are sending off a letter, Princess? I have already dispatched +mine. I have written to my poor mother, said the smiling Mademoiselle +Bourienne rapidly, in her pleasant mellow tones and with guttural rs. +She brought into Princess Marys strenuous, mournful, and gloomy +world a quite different atmosphere, careless, lighthearted, and +self-satisfied. + +Princess, I must warn you, she added, lowering her voice and +evidently listening to herself with pleasure, and speaking with +exaggerated grasseyement, the prince has been scolding Michael +Ivnovich. He is in a very bad humor, very morose. Be prepared. + +Ah, dear friend, replied Princess Mary, I have asked you never +to warn me of the humor my father is in. I do not allow myself to judge +him and would not have others do so. + +The princess glanced at her watch and, seeing that she was five minutes +late in starting her practice on the clavichord, went into the sitting +room with a look of alarm. Between twelve and two oclock, as the +day was mapped out, the prince rested and the princess played the +clavichord. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +The gray-haired valet was sitting drowsily listening to the snoring of +the prince, who was in his large study. From the far side of the house +through the closed doors came the sound of difficult passagestwenty +times repeatedof a sonata by Dussek. + +Just then a closed carriage and another with a hood drove up to the +porch. Prince Andrew got out of the carriage, helped his little wife to +alight, and let her pass into the house before him. Old Tkhon, wearing +a wig, put his head out of the door of the antechamber, reported in +a whisper that the prince was sleeping, and hastily closed the door. +Tkhon knew that neither the sons arrival nor any other unusual +event must be allowed to disturb the appointed order of the day. Prince +Andrew apparently knew this as well as Tkhon he looked at his watch +as if to ascertain whether his fathers habits had changed since he +was at home last, and, having assured himself that they had not, he +turned to his wife. + +He will get up in twenty minutes. Let us go across to Marys +room, he said. + +The little princess had grown stouter during this time, but her eyes +and her short, downy, smiling lip lifted when she began to speak just as +merrily and prettily as ever. + +Why, this is a palace! she said to her husband, looking around +with the expression with which people compliment their host at a ball. +Lets come, quick, quick! And with a glance round, she smiled at +Tkhon, at her husband, and at the footman who accompanied them. + +Is that Mary practicing? Lets go quietly and take her by +surprise. + +Prince Andrew followed her with a courteous but sad expression. + +Youve grown older, Tkhon, he said in passing to the old man, +who kissed his hand. + +Before they reached the room from which the sounds of the clavichord +came, the pretty, fair-haired Frenchwoman, Mademoiselle Bourienne, +rushed out apparently beside herself with delight. + +Ah! what joy for the princess! exclaimed she At last! I must +let her know. + +No, no, please not... You are Mademoiselle Bourienne, said +the little princess, kissing her. I know you already through my +sister-in-laws friendship for you. She was not expecting us? + +They went up to the door of the sitting room from which came the sound +of the oft-repeated passage of the sonata. Prince Andrew stopped and +made a grimace, as if expecting something unpleasant. + +The little princess entered the room. The passage broke off in the +middle, a cry was heard, then Princess Marys heavy tread and the +sound of kissing. When Prince Andrew went in the two princesses, who +had only met once before for a short time at his wedding, were in +each others arms warmly pressing their lips to whatever place they +happened to touch. Mademoiselle Bourienne stood near them pressing her +hand to her heart, with a beatific smile and obviously equally ready to +cry or to laugh. Prince Andrew shrugged his shoulders and frowned, as +lovers of music do when they hear a false note. The two women let go +of one another, and then, as if afraid of being too late, seized each +others hands, kissing them and pulling them away, and again began +kissing each other on the face, and then to Prince Andrews surprise +both began to cry and kissed again. Mademoiselle Bourienne also began to +cry. Prince Andrew evidently felt ill at ease, but to the two women +it seemed quite natural that they should cry, and apparently it never +entered their heads that it could have been otherwise at this meeting. + +Ah! my dear!... Ah! Mary!... they suddenly exclaimed, and then +laughed. I dreamed last night...You were not expecting +us?... Ah! Mary, you have got thinner?... And you have grown +stouter!... + +I knew the princess at once, put in Mademoiselle Bourienne. + +And I had no idea!... exclaimed Princess Mary. Ah, Andrew, I +did not see you. + +Prince Andrew and his sister, hand in hand, kissed one another, and +he told her she was still the same crybaby as ever. Princess Mary had +turned toward her brother, and through her tears the loving, warm, +gentle look of her large luminous eyes, very beautiful at that moment, +rested on Prince Andrews face. + +The little princess talked incessantly, her short, downy upper lip +continually and rapidly touching her rosy nether lip when necessary +and drawing up again next moment when her face broke into a smile of +glittering teeth and sparkling eyes. She told of an accident they had +had on the Spsski Hill which might have been serious for her in her +condition, and immediately after that informed them that she had left +all her clothes in Petersburg and that heaven knew what she would have +to dress in here and that Andrew had quite changed, and that Kitty +Odntsova had married an old man, and that there was a suitor for Mary, +a real one, but that they would talk of that later. Princess Mary was +still looking silently at her brother and her beautiful eyes were full +of love and sadness. It was plain that she was following a train of +thought independent of her sister-in-laws words. In the midst of a +description of the last Petersburg fete she addressed her brother + +So you are really going to the war, Andrew? she said sighing. + +Lise sighed too. + +Yes, and even tomorrow, replied her brother. + +He is leaving me here, God knows why, when he might have had +promotion... + +Princess Mary did not listen to the end, but continuing her train of +thought turned to her sister-in-law with a tender glance at her figure. + +Is it certain? she said. + +The face of the little princess changed. She sighed and said Yes, +quite certain. Ah! it is very dreadful... + +Her lip descended. She brought her face close to her sister-in-laws +and unexpectedly again began to cry. + +She needs rest, said Prince Andrew with a frown. Dont you, +Lise? Take her to your room and Ill go to Father. How is he? Just the +same? + +Yes, just the same. Though I dont know what your opinion will +be, answered the princess joyfully. + +And are the hours the same? And the walks in the avenues? And the +lathe? asked Prince Andrew with a scarcely perceptible smile which +showed that, in spite of all his love and respect for his father, he was +aware of his weaknesses. + +The hours are the same, and the lathe, and also the mathematics and +my geometry lessons, said Princess Mary gleefully, as if her lessons +in geometry were among the greatest delights of her life. + +When the twenty minutes had elapsed and the time had come for the old +prince to get up, Tkhon came to call the young prince to his father. +The old man made a departure from his usual routine in honor of his +sons arrival he gave orders to admit him to his apartments while +he dressed for dinner. The old prince always dressed in old-fashioned +style, wearing an antique coat and powdered hair and when Prince Andrew +entered his fathers dressing room (not with the contemptuous look and +manner he wore in drawing rooms, but with the animated face with which +he talked to Pierre), the old man was sitting on a large leather-covered +chair, wrapped in a powdering mantle, entrusting his head to Tkhon. + +Ah! heres the warrior! Wants to vanquish Buonaparte? said the +old man, shaking his powdered head as much as the tail, which Tkhon +was holding fast to plait, would allow. + +You at least must tackle him properly, or else if he goes on like +this hell soon have us, too, for his subjects! How are you? And he +held out his cheek. + +The old man was in a good temper after his nap before dinner. (He +used to say that a nap after dinner was silverbefore dinner, +golden.) He cast happy, sidelong glances at his son from under his +thick, bushy eyebrows. Prince Andrew went up and kissed his father on +the spot indicated to him. He made no reply on his fathers favorite +topicmaking fun of the military men of the day, and more particularly +of Bonaparte. + +Yes, Father, I have come to you and brought my wife who is +pregnant, said Prince Andrew, following every movement of his +fathers face with an eager and respectful look. How is your +health? + +Only fools and rakes fall ill, my boy. You know me I am busy from +morning till night and abstemious, so of course I am well. + +Thank God, said his son smiling. + +God has nothing to do with it! Well, go on, he continued, +returning to his hobby tell me how the Germans have taught you to +fight Bonaparte by this new science you call strategy. + +Prince Andrew smiled. + +Give me time to collect my wits, Father, said he, with a smile +that showed that his fathers foibles did not prevent his son from +loving and honoring him. Why, I have not yet had time to settle +down! + +Nonsense, nonsense! cried the old man, shaking his pigtail to +see whether it was firmly plaited, and grasping his by the hand. The +house for your wife is ready. Princess Mary will take her there and +show her over, and theyll talk nineteen to the dozen. Thats +their womans way! I am glad to have her. Sit down and talk. About +Mikhelsons army I understandTolsty s too... a simultaneous +expedition.... But whats the southern army to do? Prussia is +neutral... I know that. What about Austria? said he, rising from his +chair and pacing up and down the room followed by Tkhon, who ran after +him, handing him different articles of clothing. What of Sweden? How +will they cross Pomerania? + +Prince Andrew, seeing that his father insisted, beganat first +reluctantly, but gradually with more and more animation, and from habit +changing unconsciously from Russian to French as he went onto explain +the plan of operation for the coming campaign. He explained how an army, +ninety thousand strong, was to threaten Prussia so as to bring her out +of her neutrality and draw her into the war how part of that army was +to join some Swedish forces at Stralsund how two hundred and twenty +thousand Austrians, with a hundred thousand Russians, were to operate in +Italy and on the Rhine how fifty thousand Russians and as many English +were to land at Naples, and how a total force of five hundred thousand +men was to attack the French from different sides. The old prince did +not evince the least interest during this explanation, but as if he were +not listening to it continued to dress while walking about, and three +times unexpectedly interrupted. Once he stopped it by shouting The +white one, the white one! + +This meant that Tkhon was not handing him the waistcoat he wanted. +Another time he interrupted, saying + +And will she soon be confined? and shaking his head reproachfully +said Thats bad! Go on, go on. + +The third interruption came when Prince Andrew was finishing his +description. The old man began to sing, in the cracked voice of old age +Malbrook sen va-t-en guerre. Dieu sait quand reviendra. * + + * Marlborough is going to the wars God knows when hell + return. + + +His son only smiled. + +I dont say its a plan I approve of, said the son I am +only telling you what it is. Napoleon has also formed his plan by now, +not worse than this one. + +Well, youve told me nothing new, and the old man repeated, +meditatively and rapidly + +Dieu sait quand reviendra. Go to the dining room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVII + +At the appointed hour the prince, powdered and shaven, entered the +dining room where his daughter-in-law, Princess Mary, and Mademoiselle +Bourienne were already awaiting him together with his architect, who by +a strange caprice of his employers was admitted to table though the +position of that insignificant individual was such as could certainly +not have caused him to expect that honor. The prince, who generally kept +very strictly to social distinctions and rarely admitted even important +government officials to his table, had unexpectedly selected Michael +Ivnovich (who always went into a corner to blow his nose on his +checked handkerchief) to illustrate the theory that all men are equals, +and had more than once impressed on his daughter that Michael Ivnovich +was not a whit worse than you or I. At dinner the prince usually +spoke to the taciturn Michael Ivnovich more often than to anyone else. + +In the dining room, which like all the rooms in the house was +exceedingly lofty, the members of the household and the footmenone +behind each chairstood waiting for the prince to enter. The head +butler, napkin on arm, was scanning the setting of the table, making +signs to the footmen, and anxiously glancing from the clock to the door +by which the prince was to enter. Prince Andrew was looking at a large +gilt frame, new to him, containing the genealogical tree of the Princes +Bolknski, opposite which hung another such frame with a badly painted +portrait (evidently by the hand of the artist belonging to the estate) +of a ruling prince, in a crownan alleged descendant of Rrik and +ancestor of the Bolknskis. Prince Andrew, looking again at that +genealogical tree, shook his head, laughing as a man laughs who looks at +a portrait so characteristic of the original as to be amusing. + +How thoroughly like him that is! he said to Princess Mary, who had +come up to him. + +Princess Mary looked at her brother in surprise. She did not understand +what he was laughing at. Everything her father did inspired her with +reverence and was beyond question. + +Everyone has his Achilles heel, continued Prince Andrew. +Fancy, with his powerful mind, indulging in such nonsense! + +Princess Mary could not understand the boldness of her brothers +criticism and was about to reply, when the expected footsteps were heard +coming from the study. The prince walked in quickly and jauntily as was +his wont, as if intentionally contrasting the briskness of his manners +with the strict formality of his house. At that moment the great clock +struck two and another with a shrill tone joined in from the drawing +room. The prince stood still his lively glittering eyes from under +their thick, bushy eyebrows sternly scanned all present and rested on +the little princess. She felt, as courtiers do when the Tsar enters, the +sensation of fear and respect which the old man inspired in all around +him. He stroked her hair and then patted her awkwardly on the back of +her neck. + +Im glad, glad, to see you, he said, looking attentively into +her eyes, and then quickly went to his place and sat down. Sit down, +sit down! Sit down, Michael Ivnovich! + +He indicated a place beside him to his daughter-in-law. A footman moved +the chair for her. + +Ho, ho! said the old man, casting his eyes on her rounded figure. +Youve been in a hurry. Thats bad! + +He laughed in his usual dry, cold, unpleasant way, with his lips only +and not with his eyes. + +You must walk, walk as much as possible, as much as possible, he +said. + +The little princess did not, or did not wish to, hear his words. She was +silent and seemed confused. The prince asked her about her father, and +she began to smile and talk. He asked about mutual acquaintances, and +she became still more animated and chattered away giving him greetings +from various people and retelling the town gossip. + +Countess Aprksina, poor thing, has lost her husband and she has +cried her eyes out, she said, growing more and more lively. + +As she became animated the prince looked at her more and more sternly, +and suddenly, as if he had studied her sufficiently and had formed a +definite idea of her, he turned away and addressed Michael Ivnovich. + +Well, Michael Ivnovich, our Bonaparte will be having a bad time +of it. Prince Andrew (he always spoke thus of his son) has been +telling me what forces are being collected against him! While you and I +never thought much of him. + +Michael Ivnovich did not at all know when you and I had said +such things about Bonaparte, but understanding that he was wanted as +a peg on which to hang the princes favorite topic, he looked +inquiringly at the young prince, wondering what would follow. + +He is a great tactician! said the prince to his son, pointing to +the architect. + +And the conversation again turned on the war, on Bonaparte, and the +generals and statesmen of the day. The old prince seemed convinced not +only that all the men of the day were mere babies who did not know the +A B C of war or of politics, and that Bonaparte was an insignificant +little Frenchy, successful only because there were no longer any +Potmkins or Suvrovs left to oppose him but he was also convinced +that there were no political difficulties in Europe and no real war, +but only a sort of puppet show at which the men of the day were playing, +pretending to do something real. Prince Andrew gaily bore with his +fathers ridicule of the new men, and drew him on and listened to him +with evident pleasure. + +The past always seems good, said he, but did not Suvrov +himself fall into a trap Moreau set him, and from which he did not know +how to escape? + +Who told you that? Who? cried the prince. Suvrov! And he +jerked away his plate, which Tkhon briskly caught. Suvrov!... +Consider, Prince Andrew. Two... Frederick and Suvrov Moreau!... +Moreau would have been a prisoner if Suvrov had had a free hand but +he had the Hofs-kriegs-wurst-schnapps-Rath on his hands. It would have +puzzled the devil himself! When you get there youll find out what +those Hofs-kriegs-wurst-Raths are! Suvrov couldnt manage them so +what chance has Michael Kutzov? No, my dear boy, he continued, +you and your generals wont get on against Buonaparte youll +have to call in the French, so that birds of a feather may fight +together. The German, Pahlen, has been sent to New York in America, to +fetch the Frenchman, Moreau, he said, alluding to the invitation made +that year to Moreau to enter the Russian service.... Wonderful!... +Were the Potmkins, Suvrovs, and Orlvs Germans? No, lad, either you +fellows have all lost your wits, or I have outlived mine. May God help +you, but well see what will happen. Buonaparte has become a great +commander among them! Hm!... + +I dont at all say that all the plans are good, said Prince +Andrew, I am only surprised at your opinion of Bonaparte. You +may laugh as much as you like, but all the same Bonaparte is a great +general! + +Michael Ivnovich! cried the old prince to the architect who, +busy with his roast meat, hoped he had been forgotten Didnt +I tell you Buonaparte was a great tactician? Here, he says the same +thing. + +To be sure, your excellency, replied the architect. + +The prince again laughed his frigid laugh. + +Buonaparte was born with a silver spoon in his mouth. He has got +splendid soldiers. Besides he began by attacking Germans. And only +idlers have failed to beat the Germans. Since the world began everybody +has beaten the Germans. They beat no oneexcept one another. He made +his reputation fighting them. + +And the prince began explaining all the blunders which, according to +him, Bonaparte had made in his campaigns and even in politics. His +son made no rejoinder, but it was evident that whatever arguments were +presented he was as little able as his father to change his opinion. He +listened, refraining from a reply, and involuntarily wondered how this +old man, living alone in the country for so many years, could know and +discuss so minutely and acutely all the recent European military and +political events. + +You think Im an old man and dont understand the present state +of affairs? concluded his father. But it troubles me. I dont +sleep at night. Come now, where has this great commander of yours shown +his skill? he concluded. + +That would take too long to tell, answered the son. + +Well, then go off to your Buonaparte! Mademoiselle Bourienne, +heres another admirer of that powder-monkey emperor of yours, he +exclaimed in excellent French. + +You know, Prince, I am not a Bonapartist! + +Dieu sait quand reviendra. hummed the prince out of tune and, with +a laugh still more so, he quitted the table. + +The little princess during the whole discussion and the rest of +the dinner sat silent, glancing with a frightened look now at her +father-in-law and now at Princess Mary. When they left the table she +took her sister-in-laws arm and drew her into another room. + +What a clever man your father is, said she perhaps that is why +I am afraid of him. + +Oh, he is so kind! answered Princess Mary. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVIII + +Prince Andrew was to leave next evening. The old prince, not altering +his routine, retired as usual after dinner. The little princess was in +her sister-in-laws room. Prince Andrew in a traveling coat without +epaulettes had been packing with his valet in the rooms assigned to him. +After inspecting the carriage himself and seeing the trunks put in, he +ordered the horses to be harnessed. Only those things he always kept +with him remained in his room a small box, a large canteen fitted +with silver plate, two Turkish pistols and a sabera present from +his father who had brought it from the siege of Ochkov. All these +traveling effects of Prince Andrews were in very good order new, +clean, and in cloth covers carefully tied with tapes. + +When starting on a journey or changing their mode of life, men capable +of reflection are generally in a serious frame of mind. At such moments +one reviews the past and plans for the future. Prince Andrews face +looked very thoughtful and tender. With his hands behind him he paced +briskly from corner to corner of the room, looking straight before him +and thoughtfully shaking his head. Did he fear going to the war, or was +he sad at leaving his wife?perhaps both, but evidently he did not +wish to be seen in that mood, for hearing footsteps in the passage he +hurriedly unclasped his hands, stopped at a table as if tying the +cover of the small box, and assumed his usual tranquil and impenetrable +expression. It was the heavy tread of Princess Mary that he heard. + +I hear you have given orders to harness, she cried, panting (she +had apparently been running), and I did so wish to have another talk +with you alone! God knows how long we may again be parted. You are not +angry with me for coming? You have changed so, Andrsha, she added, +as if to explain such a question. + +She smiled as she uttered his pet name, Andrsha. It was +obviously strange to her to think that this stern handsome man should be +Andrshathe slender mischievous boy who had been her playfellow in +childhood. + +And where is Lise? he asked, answering her question only by a +smile. + +She was so tired that she has fallen asleep on the sofa in my room. +Oh, Andrew! What a treasure of a wife you have, said she, sitting +down on the sofa, facing her brother. She is quite a child such a +dear, merry child. I have grown so fond of her. + +Prince Andrew was silent, but the princess noticed the ironical and +contemptuous look that showed itself on his face. + +One must be indulgent to little weaknesses who is free from them, +Andrew? Dont forget that she has grown up and been educated in +society, and so her position now is not a rosy one. We should enter into +everyones situation. Tout comprendre, cest tout pardonner. * Think +what it must be for her, poor thing, after what she has been used to, +to be parted from her husband and be left alone in the country, in her +condition! Its very hard. + + * To understand all is to forgive all. + +Prince Andrew smiled as he looked at his sister, as we smile at those we +think we thoroughly understand. + +You live in the country and dont think the life terrible, he +replied. + +I... thats different. Why speak of me? I dont want any other +life, and cant, for I know no other. But think, Andrew for a young +society woman to be buried in the country during the best years of her +life, all alonefor Papa is always busy, and I... well, you know what +poor resources I have for entertaining a woman used to the best society. +There is only Mademoiselle Bourienne.... + +I dont like your Mademoiselle Bourienne at all, said Prince +Andrew. + +No? She is very nice and kind and, above all, shes much to be +pitied. She has no one, no one. To tell the truth, I dont need her, +and shes even in my way. You know I always was a savage, and now am +even more so. I like being alone.... Father likes her very much. She and +Michael Ivnovich are the two people to whom he is always gentle and +kind, because he has been a benefactor to them both. As Sterne says +We dont love people so much for the good they have done us, as +for the good we have done them. Father took her when she was homeless +after losing her own father. She is very good-natured, and my father +likes her way of reading. She reads to him in the evenings and reads +splendidly. + +To be quite frank, Mary, I expect Fathers character sometimes +makes things trying for you, doesnt it? Prince Andrew asked +suddenly. + +Princess Mary was first surprised and then aghast at this question. + +For me? For me?... Trying for me!... said she. + +He always was rather harsh and now I should think hes getting +very trying, said Prince Andrew, apparently speaking lightly of their +father in order to puzzle or test his sister. + +You are good in every way, Andrew, but you have a kind of +intellectual pride, said the princess, following the train of her own +thoughts rather than the trend of the conversationand thats a +great sin. How can one judge Father? But even if one might, what feeling +except veneration could such a man as my father evoke? And I am so +contented and happy with him. I only wish you were all as happy as I +am. + +Her brother shook his head incredulously. + +The only thing that is hard for me... I will tell you the truth, +Andrew... is Fathers way of treating religious subjects. I dont +understand how a man of his immense intellect can fail to see what is +as clear as day, and can go so far astray. That is the only thing +that makes me unhappy. But even in this I can see lately a shade of +improvement. His satire has been less bitter of late, and there was a +monk he received and had a long talk with. + +Ah! my dear, I am afraid you and your monk are wasting your +powder, said Prince Andrew banteringly yet tenderly. + +Ah! mon ami, I only pray, and hope that God will hear me. +Andrew... she said timidly after a moments silence, I have a +great favor to ask of you. + +What is it, dear? + +Nopromise that you will not refuse! It will give you no trouble +and is nothing unworthy of you, but it will comfort me. Promise, +Andrsha!... said she, putting her hand in her reticule but not yet +taking out what she was holding inside it, as if what she held were +the subject of her request and must not be shown before the request was +granted. + +She looked timidly at her brother. + +Even if it were a great deal of trouble... answered Prince Andrew, +as if guessing what it was about. + +Think what you please! I know you are just like Father. Think as +you please, but do this for my sake! Please do! Fathers father, our +grandfather, wore it in all his wars. (She still did not take out +what she was holding in her reticule.) So you promise? + +Of course. What is it? + +Andrew, I bless you with this icon and you must promise me you will +never take it off. Do you promise? + +If it does not weigh a hundredweight and wont break my neck... +To please you... said Prince Andrew. But immediately, noticing +the pained expression his joke had brought to his sisters face, he +repented and added I am glad really, dear, I am very glad. + +Against your will He will save and have mercy on you and bring you +to Himself, for in Him alone is truth and peace, said she in a voice +trembling with emotion, solemnly holding up in both hands before her +brother a small, oval, antique, dark-faced icon of the Saviour in a gold +setting, on a finely wrought silver chain. + +She crossed herself, kissed the icon, and handed it to Andrew. + +Please, Andrew, for my sake!... + +Rays of gentle light shone from her large, timid eyes. Those eyes lit +up the whole of her thin, sickly face and made it beautiful. Her brother +would have taken the icon, but she stopped him. Andrew understood, +crossed himself and kissed the icon. There was a look of tenderness, for +he was touched, but also a gleam of irony on his face. + +Thank you, my dear. She kissed him on the forehead and sat down +again on the sofa. They were silent for a while. + +As I was saying to you, Andrew, be kind and generous as you always +used to be. Dont judge Lise harshly, she began. She is so +sweet, so good-natured, and her position now is a very hard one. + +I do not think I have complained of my wife to you, Msha, or blamed +her. Why do you say all this to me? + +Red patches appeared on Princess Marys face and she was silent as if +she felt guilty. + +I have said nothing to you, but you have already been talked to. And +I am sorry for that, he went on. + +The patches grew deeper on her forehead, neck, and cheeks. She tried to +say something but could not. Her brother had guessed right the little +princess had been crying after dinner and had spoken of her forebodings +about her confinement, and how she dreaded it, and had complained of her +fate, her father-in-law, and her husband. After crying she had fallen +asleep. Prince Andrew felt sorry for his sister. + +Know this, Msha I cant reproach, have not reproached, and never +shall reproach my wife with anything, and I cannot reproach myself +with anything in regard to her and that always will be so in whatever +circumstances I may be placed. But if you want to know the truth... if +you want to know whether I am happy? No! Is she happy? No! But why this +is so I dont know... + +As he said this he rose, went to his sister, and, stooping, kissed +her forehead. His fine eyes lit up with a thoughtful, kindly, and +unaccustomed brightness, but he was looking not at his sister but over +her head toward the darkness of the open doorway. + +Let us go to her, I must say good-by. Orgo and wake and Ill +come in a moment. Petrshka! he called to his valet Come here, +take these away. Put this on the seat and this to the right. + +Princess Mary rose and moved to the door, then stopped and said +Andrew, if you had faith you would have turned to God and asked Him +to give you the love you do not feel, and your prayer would have been +answered. + +Well, maybe! said Prince Andrew. Go, Msha Ill come +immediately. + +On the way to his sisters room, in the passage which connected one +wing with the other, Prince Andrew met Mademoiselle Bourienne smiling +sweetly. It was the third time that day that, with an ecstatic and +artless smile, she had met him in secluded passages. + +Oh! I thought you were in your room, she said, for some reason +blushing and dropping her eyes. + +Prince Andrew looked sternly at her and an expression of anger suddenly +came over his face. He said nothing to her but looked at her forehead +and hair, without looking at her eyes, with such contempt that the +Frenchwoman blushed and went away without a word. When he reached his +sisters room his wife was already awake and her merry voice, hurrying +one word after another, came through the open door. She was speaking as +usual in French, and as if after long self-restraint she wished to make +up for lost time. + +No, but imagine the old Countess Zbova, with false curls and her +mouth full of false teeth, as if she were trying to cheat old age.... +Ha, ha, ha! Mary! + +This very sentence about Countess Zbova and this same laugh Prince +Andrew had already heard from his wife in the presence of others some +five times. He entered the room softly. The little princess, plump and +rosy, was sitting in an easy chair with her work in her hands, talking +incessantly, repeating Petersburg reminiscences and even phrases. Prince +Andrew came up, stroked her hair, and asked if she felt rested after +their journey. She answered him and continued her chatter. + +The coach with six horses was waiting at the porch. It was an autumn +night, so dark that the coachman could not see the carriage pole. +Servants with lanterns were bustling about in the porch. The immense +house was brilliant with lights shining through its lofty windows. The +domestic serfs were crowding in the hall, waiting to bid good-by to +the young prince. The members of the household were all gathered in the +reception hall Michael Ivnovich, Mademoiselle Bourienne, Princess +Mary, and the little princess. Prince Andrew had been called to his +fathers study as the latter wished to say good-by to him alone. All +were waiting for them to come out. + +When Prince Andrew entered the study the old man in his old-age +spectacles and white dressing gown, in which he received no one but his +son, sat at the table writing. He glanced round. + +Going? And he went on writing. + +Ive come to say good-by. + +Kiss me here, and he touched his cheek Thanks, thanks! + +What do you thank me for? + +For not dilly-dallying and not hanging to a womans apron strings. +The Service before everything. Thanks, thanks! And he went on +writing, so that his quill spluttered and squeaked. If you have +anything to say, say it. These two things can be done together, he +added. + +About my wife... I am ashamed as it is to leave her on your +hands.... + +Why talk nonsense? Say what you want. + +When her confinement is due, send to Moscow for an accoucheur.... Let +him be here.... + +The old prince stopped writing and, as if not understanding, fixed his +stern eyes on his son. + +I know that no one can help if nature does not do her work, said +Prince Andrew, evidently confused. I know that out of a million +cases only one goes wrong, but it is her fancy and mine. They have been +telling her things. She has had a dream and is frightened. + +Hm... Hm... muttered the old prince to himself, finishing what he +was writing. Ill do it. + +He signed with a flourish and suddenly turning to his son began to +laugh. + +Its a bad business, eh? + +What is bad, Father? + +The wife! said the old prince, briefly and significantly. + +I dont understand! said Prince Andrew. + +No, it cant be helped, lad, said the prince. Theyre +all like that one cant unmarry. Dont be afraid I wont tell +anyone, but you know it yourself. + +He seized his son by the hand with small bony fingers, shook it, looked +straight into his sons face with keen eyes which seemed to see +through him, and again laughed his frigid laugh. + +The son sighed, thus admitting that his father had understood him. The +old man continued to fold and seal his letter, snatching up and throwing +down the wax, the seal, and the paper, with his accustomed rapidity. + +Whats to be done? Shes pretty! I will do everything. Make your +mind easy, said he in abrupt sentences while sealing his letter. + +Andrew did not speak he was both pleased and displeased that his father +understood him. The old man got up and gave the letter to his son. + +Listen! said he dont worry about your wife what can be +done shall be. Now listen! Give this letter to Michael Ilarinovich. * +I have written that he should make use of you in proper places and not +keep you long as an adjutant a bad position! Tell him I remember +and like him. Write and tell me how he receives you. If he is all +rightserve him. Nicholas Bolknskis son need not serve under +anyone if he is in disfavor. Now come here. + + *Kutzov. + +He spoke so rapidly that he did not finish half his words, but his son +was accustomed to understand him. He led him to the desk, raised the +lid, drew out a drawer, and took out an exercise book filled with his +bold, tall, close handwriting. + +I shall probably die before you. So remember, these are my memoirs +hand them to the Emperor after my death. Now here is a Lombard bond +and a letter it is a premium for the man who writes a history of +Suvrovs wars. Send it to the Academy. Here are some jottings for +you to read when I am gone. You will find them useful. + +Andrew did not tell his father that he would no doubt live a long time +yet. He felt that he must not say it. + +I will do it all, Father, he said. + +Well, now, good-by! He gave his son his hand to kiss, and embraced +him. Remember this, Prince Andrew, if they kill you it will hurt me, +your old father... he paused unexpectedly, and then in a querulous +voice suddenly shrieked but if I hear that you have not behaved like +a son of Nicholas Bolknski, I shall be ashamed! + +You need not have said that to me, Father, said the son with a +smile. + +The old man was silent. + +I also wanted to ask you, continued Prince Andrew, if Im +killed and if I have a son, do not let him be taken away from youas I +said yesterday... let him grow up with you.... Please. + +Not let the wife have him? said the old man, and laughed. + +They stood silent, facing one another. The old mans sharp eyes were +fixed straight on his sons. Something twitched in the lower part of +the old princes face. + +Weve said good-by. Go! he suddenly shouted in a loud, angry +voice, opening his door. + +What is it? What? asked both princesses when they saw for a moment +at the door Prince Andrew and the figure of the old man in a white +dressing gown, spectacled and wigless, shouting in an angry voice. + +Prince Andrew sighed and made no reply. + +Well! he said, turning to his wife. + +And this Well! sounded coldly ironic, as if he were saying Now +go through your performance. + +Andrew, already! said the little princess, turning pale and +looking with dismay at her husband. + +He embraced her. She screamed and fell unconscious on his shoulder. + +He cautiously released the shoulder she leaned on, looked into her face, +and carefully placed her in an easy chair. + +Adieu, Mary, said he gently to his sister, taking her by the hand +and kissing her, and then he left the room with rapid steps. + +The little princess lay in the armchair, Mademoiselle Bourienne chafing +her temples. Princess Mary, supporting her sister-in-law, still looked +with her beautiful eyes full of tears at the door through which Prince +Andrew had gone and made the sign of the cross in his direction. From +the study, like pistol shots, came the frequent sound of the old man +angrily blowing his nose. Hardly had Prince Andrew gone when the study +door opened quickly and the stern figure of the old man in the white +dressing gown looked out. + +Gone? Thats all right! said he and looking angrily at the +unconscious little princess, he shook his head reprovingly and slammed +the door. + + + + + +BOOK TWO 1805 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +In October, 1805, a Russian army was occupying the villages and towns of +the Archduchy of Austria, and yet other regiments freshly arriving from +Russia were settling near the fortress of Braunau and burdening the +inhabitants on whom they were quartered. Braunau was the headquarters of +the commander in chief, Kutzov. + +On October 11, 1805, one of the infantry regiments that had just reached +Braunau had halted half a mile from the town, waiting to be inspected +by the commander in chief. Despite the un-Russian appearance of the +locality and surroundingsfruit gardens, stone fences, tiled roofs, +and hills in the distanceand despite the fact that the inhabitants +(who gazed with curiosity at the soldiers) were not Russians, the +regiment had just the appearance of any Russian regiment preparing for +an inspection anywhere in the heart of Russia. + +On the evening of the last days march an order had been received that +the commander in chief would inspect the regiment on the march. Though +the words of the order were not clear to the regimental commander, and +the question arose whether the troops were to be in marching order or +not, it was decided at a consultation between the battalion commanders +to present the regiment in parade order, on the principle that it is +always better to bow too low than not bow low enough. So the +soldiers, after a twenty-mile march, were kept mending and cleaning all +night long without closing their eyes, while the adjutants and +company commanders calculated and reckoned, and by morning the +regimentinstead of the straggling, disorderly crowd it had been on +its last march the day beforepresented a well-ordered array of two +thousand men each of whom knew his place and his duty, had every button +and every strap in place, and shone with cleanliness. And not only +externally was all in order, but had it pleased the commander in chief +to look under the uniforms he would have found on every man a clean +shirt, and in every knapsack the appointed number of articles, awl, +soap, and all, as the soldiers say. There was only one circumstance +concerning which no one could be at ease. It was the state of the +soldiers boots. More than half the mens boots were in holes. But +this defect was not due to any fault of the regimental commander, for +in spite of repeated demands boots had not been issued by the Austrian +commissariat, and the regiment had marched some seven hundred miles. + +The commander of the regiment was an elderly, choleric, stout, and +thick-set general with grizzled eyebrows and whiskers, and wider from +chest to back than across the shoulders. He had on a brand-new uniform +showing the creases where it had been folded and thick gold epaulettes +which seemed to stand rather than lie down on his massive shoulders. He +had the air of a man happily performing one of the most solemn duties of +his life. He walked about in front of the line and at every step pulled +himself up, slightly arching his back. It was plain that the commander +admired his regiment, rejoiced in it, and that his whole mind was +engrossed by it, yet his strut seemed to indicate that, besides military +matters, social interests and the fair sex occupied no small part of his +thoughts. + +Well, Michael Mtrich, sir? he said, addressing one of the +battalion commanders who smilingly pressed forward (it was plain that +they both felt happy). We had our hands full last night. However, I +think the regiment is not a bad one, eh? + +The battalion commander perceived the jovial irony and laughed. + +It would not be turned off the field even on the Tsartsin +Meadow. + +What? asked the commander. + +At that moment, on the road from the town on which signalers had been +posted, two men appeared on horse back. They were an aide-de-camp +followed by a Cossack. + +The aide-de-camp was sent to confirm the order which had not been +clearly worded the day before, namely, that the commander in chief +wished to see the regiment just in the state in which it had been on +the march in their greatcoats, and packs, and without any preparation +whatever. + +A member of the Hofkriegsrath from Vienna had come to Kutzov the day +before with proposals and demands for him to join up with the army of +the Archduke Ferdinand and Mack, and Kutzov, not considering this +junction advisable, meant, among other arguments in support of his view, +to show the Austrian general the wretched state in which the troops +arrived from Russia. With this object he intended to meet the regiment +so the worse the condition it was in, the better pleased the commander +in chief would be. Though the aide-de-camp did not know these +circumstances, he nevertheless delivered the definite order that the +men should be in their greatcoats and in marching order, and that the +commander in chief would otherwise be dissatisfied. On hearing this the +regimental commander hung his head, silently shrugged his shoulders, and +spread out his arms with a choleric gesture. + +A fine mess weve made of it! he remarked. + +There now! Didnt I tell you, Michael Mtrich, that if it was said +on the march it meant in greatcoats? said he reproachfully to +the battalion commander. Oh, my God! he added, stepping resolutely +forward. Company commanders! he shouted in a voice accustomed to +command. Sergeants major!... How soon will he be here? he asked +the aide-de-camp with a respectful politeness evidently relating to the +personage he was referring to. + +In an hours time, I should say. + +Shall we have time to change clothes? + +I dont know, General.... + +The regimental commander, going up to the line himself, ordered the +soldiers to change into their greatcoats. The company commanders ran off +to their companies, the sergeants major began bustling (the greatcoats +were not in very good condition), and instantly the squares that had up +to then been in regular order and silent began to sway and stretch and +hum with voices. On all sides soldiers were running to and fro, throwing +up their knapsacks with a jerk of their shoulders and pulling the straps +over their heads, unstrapping their overcoats and drawing the sleeves on +with upraised arms. + +In half an hour all was again in order, only the squares had become gray +instead of black. The regimental commander walked with his jerky steps +to the front of the regiment and examined it from a distance. + +Whatever is this? This! he shouted and stood still. Commander +of the third company! + +Commander of the third company wanted by the general!... commander to +the general... third company to the commander. The words passed along +the lines and an adjutant ran to look for the missing officer. + +When the eager but misrepeated words had reached their destination in +a cry of The general to the third company, the missing officer +appeared from behind his company and, though he was a middle-aged man +and not in the habit of running, trotted awkwardly stumbling on his +toes toward the general. The captains face showed the uneasiness of +a schoolboy who is told to repeat a lesson he has not learned. Spots +appeared on his nose, the redness of which was evidently due to +intemperance, and his mouth twitched nervously. The general looked the +captain up and down as he came up panting, slackening his pace as he +approached. + +You will soon be dressing your men in petticoats! What is this? +shouted the regimental commander, thrusting forward his jaw and pointing +at a soldier in the ranks of the third company in a greatcoat of bluish +cloth, which contrasted with the others. What have you been after? +The commander in chief is expected and you leave your place? Eh? Ill +teach you to dress the men in fancy coats for a parade.... Eh...? + +The commander of the company, with his eyes fixed on his superior, +pressed two fingers more and more rigidly to his cap, as if in this +pressure lay his only hope of salvation. + +Well, why dont you speak? Whom have you got there dressed up as a +Hungarian? said the commander with an austere gibe. + +Your excellency... + +Well, your excellency, what? Your excellency! But what about your +excellency?... nobody knows. + +Your excellency, its the officer Dlokhov, who has been reduced +to the ranks, said the captain softly. + +Well? Has he been degraded into a field marshal, or into a soldier? +If a soldier, he should be dressed in regulation uniform like the +others. + +Your excellency, you gave him leave yourself, on the march. + +Gave him leave? Leave? Thats just like you young men, said the +regimental commander cooling down a little. Leave indeed.... One says +a word to you and you... What? he added with renewed irritation, I +beg you to dress your men decently. + +And the commander, turning to look at the adjutant, directed his jerky +steps down the line. He was evidently pleased at his own display of +anger and walking up to the regiment wished to find a further excuse for +wrath. Having snapped at an officer for an unpolished badge, at another +because his line was not straight, he reached the third company. + +H-o-o-w are you standing? Wheres your leg? Your leg? shouted +the commander with a tone of suffering in his voice, while there were +still five men between him and Dlokhov with his bluish-gray uniform. + +Dlokhov slowly straightened his bent knee, looking straight with his +clear, insolent eyes in the generals face. + +Why a blue coat? Off with it... Sergeant major! Change his coat... +the ras... he did not finish. + +General, I must obey orders, but I am not bound to endure... +Dlokhov hurriedly interrupted. + +No talking in the ranks!... No talking, no talking! + +Not bound to endure insults, Dlokhov concluded in loud, ringing +tones. + +The eyes of the general and the soldier met. The general became silent, +angrily pulling down his tight scarf. + +I request you to have the goodness to change your coat, he said as +he turned away. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +Hes coming! shouted the signaler at that moment. + +The regimental commander, flushing, ran to his horse, seized the stirrup +with trembling hands, threw his body across the saddle, righted himself, +drew his saber, and with a happy and resolute countenance, opening +his mouth awry, prepared to shout. The regiment fluttered like a bird +preening its plumage and became motionless. + +Att-ention! shouted the regimental commander in a soul-shaking +voice which expressed joy for himself, severity for the regiment, and +welcome for the approaching chief. + +Along the broad country road, edged on both sides by trees, came a high, +light blue Viennese calche, slightly creaking on its springs and drawn +by six horses at a smart trot. Behind the calche galloped the suite +and a convoy of Croats. Beside Kutzov sat an Austrian general, in +a white uniform that looked strange among the Russian black ones. The +calche stopped in front of the regiment. Kutzov and the Austrian +general were talking in low voices and Kutzov smiled slightly as +treading heavily he stepped down from the carriage just as if those two +thousand men breathlessly gazing at him and the regimental commander did +not exist. + +The word of command rang out, and again the regiment quivered, as with a +jingling sound it presented arms. Then amidst a dead silence the +feeble voice of the commander in chief was heard. The regiment roared, +Health to your ex... len... len... lency! and again all became +silent. At first Kutzov stood still while the regiment moved then he +and the general in white, accompanied by the suite, walked between the +ranks. + +From the way the regimental commander saluted the commander in chief and +devoured him with his eyes, drawing himself up obsequiously, and from +the way he walked through the ranks behind the generals, bending forward +and hardly able to restrain his jerky movements, and from the way he +darted forward at every word or gesture of the commander in chief, +it was evident that he performed his duty as a subordinate with even +greater zeal than his duty as a commander. Thanks to the strictness and +assiduity of its commander the regiment, in comparison with others that +had reached Braunau at the same time, was in splendid condition. There +were only 217 sick and stragglers. Everything was in good order except +the boots. + +Kutzov walked through the ranks, sometimes stopping to say a few +friendly words to officers he had known in the Turkish war, sometimes +also to the soldiers. Looking at their boots he several times shook his +head sadly, pointing them out to the Austrian general with an expression +which seemed to say that he was not blaming anyone, but could not help +noticing what a bad state of things it was. The regimental commander +ran forward on each such occasion, fearing to miss a single word of the +commander in chiefs regarding the regiment. Behind Kutzov, at a +distance that allowed every softly spoken word to be heard, followed +some twenty men of his suite. These gentlemen talked among themselves +and sometimes laughed. Nearest of all to the commander in chief walked +a handsome adjutant. This was Prince Bolknski. Beside him was his +comrade Nesvtski, a tall staff officer, extremely stout, with a +kindly, smiling, handsome face and moist eyes. Nesvtski could hardly +keep from laughter provoked by a swarthy hussar officer who walked +beside him. This hussar, with a grave face and without a smile or a +change in the expression of his fixed eyes, watched the regimental +commanders back and mimicked his every movement. Each time the +commander started and bent forward, the hussar started and bent forward +in exactly the same manner. Nesvtski laughed and nudged the others to +make them look at the wag. + +Kutzov walked slowly and languidly past thousands of eyes which were +starting from their sockets to watch their chief. On reaching the +third company he suddenly stopped. His suite, not having expected this, +involuntarily came closer to him. + +Ah, Timkhin! said he, recognizing the red-nosed captain who had +been reprimanded on account of the blue greatcoat. + +One would have thought it impossible for a man to stretch himself +more than Timkhin had done when he was reprimanded by the regimental +commander, but now that the commander in chief addressed him he drew +himself up to such an extent that it seemed he could not have sustained +it had the commander in chief continued to look at him, and so Kutzov, +who evidently understood his case and wished him nothing but good, +quickly turned away, a scarcely perceptible smile flitting over his +scarred and puffy face. + +Another Ismail comrade, said he. A brave officer! Are you +satisfied with him? he asked the regimental commander. + +And the latterunconscious that he was being reflected in the hussar +officer as in a looking glassstarted, moved forward, and answered +Highly satisfied, your excellency! + +We all have our weaknesses, said Kutzov smiling and walking away +from him. He used to have a predilection for Bacchus. + +The regimental commander was afraid he might be blamed for this and did +not answer. The hussar at that moment noticed the face of the red-nosed +captain and his drawn-in stomach, and mimicked his expression and pose +with such exactitude that Nesvtski could not help laughing. Kutzov +turned round. The officer evidently had complete control of his face, +and while Kutzov was turning managed to make a grimace and then assume +a most serious, deferential, and innocent expression. + +The third company was the last, and Kutzov pondered, apparently trying +to recollect something. Prince Andrew stepped forward from among the +suite and said in French + +You told me to remind you of the officer Dlokhov, reduced to the +ranks in this regiment. + +Where is Dlokhov? asked Kutzov. + +Dlokhov, who had already changed into a soldiers gray greatcoat, +did not wait to be called. The shapely figure of the fair-haired +soldier, with his clear blue eyes, stepped forward from the ranks, went +up to the commander in chief, and presented arms. + +Have you a complaint to make? Kutzov asked with a slight frown. + +This is Dlokhov, said Prince Andrew. + +Ah! said Kutzov. I hope this will be a lesson to you. Do your +duty. The Emperor is gracious, and I shant forget you if you deserve +well. + +The clear blue eyes looked at the commander in chief just as boldly as +they had looked at the regimental commander, seeming by their expression +to tear open the veil of convention that separates a commander in chief +so widely from a private. + +One thing I ask of your excellency, Dlokhov said in his firm, +ringing, deliberate voice. I ask an opportunity to atone for my fault +and prove my devotion to His Majesty the Emperor and to Russia! + +Kutzov turned away. The same smile of the eyes with which he had +turned from Captain Timkhin again flitted over his face. He turned +away with a grimace as if to say that everything Dlokhov had said to +him and everything he could say had long been known to him, that he was +weary of it and it was not at all what he wanted. He turned away and +went to the carriage. + +The regiment broke up into companies, which went to their appointed +quarters near Braunau, where they hoped to receive boots and clothes and +to rest after their hard marches. + +You wont bear me a grudge, Prokhr Igntych? said the +regimental commander, overtaking the third company on its way to its +quarters and riding up to Captain Timkhin who was walking in front. +(The regimental commanders face now that the inspection was happily +over beamed with irrepressible delight.) Its in the Emperors +service... it cant be helped... one is sometimes a bit hasty on +parade... I am the first to apologize, you know me!... He was very +pleased! And he held out his hand to the captain. + +Dont mention it, General, as if Id be so bold! replied the +captain, his nose growing redder as he gave a smile which showed where +two front teeth were missing that had been knocked out by the butt end +of a gun at Ismail. + +And tell Mr. Dlokhov that I wont forget himhe may be quite +easy. And tell me, pleaseIve been meaning to askhow is he +behaving himself, and in general... + +As far as the service goes he is quite punctilious, your excellency +but his character... said Timkhin. + +And what about his character? asked the regimental commander. + +Its different on different days, answered the captain. One +day he is sensible, well educated, and good-natured, and the next hes +a wild beast.... In Poland, if you please, he nearly killed a Jew. + +Oh, well, well! remarked the regimental commander. Still, one +must have pity on a young man in misfortune. You know he has important +connections... Well, then, you just... + +I will, your excellency, said Timkhin, showing by his smile that +he understood his commanders wish. + +Well, of course, of course! + +The regimental commander sought out Dlokhov in the ranks and, reining +in his horse, said to him + +After the next affair... epaulettes. + +Dlokhov looked round but did not say anything, nor did the mocking +smile on his lips change. + +Well, thats all right, continued the regimental commander. A +cup of vodka for the men from me, he added so that the soldiers +could hear. I thank you all! God be praised! and he rode past that +company and overtook the next one. + +Well, hes really a good fellow, one can serve under him, said +Timkhin to the subaltern beside him. + +In a word, a hearty one... said the subaltern, laughing (the +regimental commander was nicknamed King of Hearts). + +The cheerful mood of their officers after the inspection infected the +soldiers. The company marched on gaily. The soldiers voices could be +heard on every side. + +And they said Kutzov was blind of one eye? + +And so he is! Quite blind! + +No, friend, he is sharper-eyed than you are. Boots and leg bands... +he noticed everything... + +When he looked at my feet, friend... well, thinks I... + +And that other one with him, the Austrian, looked as if he were +smeared with chalkas white as flour! I suppose they polish him up as +they do the guns. + +I say, Fdeshon!... Did he say when the battles are to begin? You +were near him. Everybody said that Buonaparte himself was at Braunau. + +Buonaparte himself!... Just listen to the fool, what he doesnt +know! The Prussians are up in arms now. The Austrians, you see, are +putting them down. When theyve been put down, the war with Buonaparte +will begin. And he says Buonaparte is in Braunau! Shows youre a fool. +Youd better listen more carefully! + +What devils these quartermasters are! See, the fifth company is +turning into the village already... they will have their buckwheat +cooked before we reach our quarters. + +Give me a biscuit, you devil! + +And did you give me tobacco yesterday? Thats just it, friend! Ah, +well, never mind, here you are. + +They might call a halt here or well have to do another four miles +without eating. + +Wasnt it fine when those Germans gave us lifts! You just sit still +and are drawn along. + +And here, friend, the people are quite beggarly. There they all +seemed to be Polesall under the Russian crownbut here theyre +all regular Germans. + +Singers to the front came the captains order. + +And from the different ranks some twenty men ran to the front. A +drummer, their leader, turned round facing the singers, and flourishing +his arm, began a long-drawn-out soldiers song, commencing with the +words Morning dawned, the sun was rising, and concluding On +then, brothers, on to glory, led by Father Kmenski. This song had +been composed in the Turkish campaign and now being sung in Austria, the +only change being that the words Father Kmenski were replaced by +Father Kutzov. + +Having jerked out these last words as soldiers do and waved his arms +as if flinging something to the ground, the drummera lean, handsome +soldier of fortylooked sternly at the singers and screwed up his +eyes. Then having satisfied himself that all eyes were fixed on him, +he raised both arms as if carefully lifting some invisible but precious +object above his head and, holding it there for some seconds, suddenly +flung it down and began + +Oh, my bower, oh, my bower...! + +Oh, my bower new...! chimed in twenty voices, and the castanet +player, in spite of the burden of his equipment, rushed out to the front +and, walking backwards before the company, jerked his shoulders and +flourished his castanets as if threatening someone. The soldiers, +swinging their arms and keeping time spontaneously, marched with long +steps. Behind the company the sound of wheels, the creaking of springs, +and the tramp of horses hoofs were heard. Kutzov and his suite were +returning to the town. The commander in chief made a sign that the +men should continue to march at ease, and he and all his suite showed +pleasure at the sound of the singing and the sight of the dancing +soldier and the gay and smartly marching men. In the second file +from the right flank, beside which the carriage passed the company, +a blue-eyed soldier involuntarily attracted notice. It was Dlokhov +marching with particular grace and boldness in time to the song and +looking at those driving past as if he pitied all who were not at that +moment marching with the company. The hussar cornet of Kutzovs +suite who had mimicked the regimental commander, fell back from the +carriage and rode up to Dlokhov. + +Hussar cornet Zherkv had at one time, in Petersburg, belonged to +the wild set led by Dlokhov. Zherkv had met Dlokhov abroad as a +private and had not seen fit to recognize him. But now that Kutzov had +spoken to the gentleman ranker, he addressed him with the cordiality of +an old friend. + +My dear fellow, how are you? said he through the singing, making +his horse keep pace with the company. + +How am I? Dlokhov answered coldly. I am as you see. + +The lively song gave a special flavor to the tone of free and easy +gaiety with which Zherkv spoke, and to the intentional coldness of +Dlokhovs reply. + +And how do you get on with the officers? inquired Zherkv. + +All right. They are good fellows. And how have you wriggled onto the +staff? + +I was attached Im on duty. + +Both were silent. + +She let the hawk fly upward from her wide right sleeve, went the +song, arousing an involuntary sensation of courage and cheerfulness. +Their conversation would probably have been different but for the effect +of that song. + +Is it true that Austrians have been beaten? asked Dlokhov. + +The devil only knows! They say so. + +Im glad, answered Dlokhov briefly and clearly, as the song +demanded. + +I say, come round some evening and well have a game of faro! +said Zherkv. + +Why, have you too much money? + +Do come. + +I cant. Ive sworn not to. I wont drink and wont play till +I get reinstated. + +Well, thats only till the first engagement. + +We shall see. + +They were again silent. + +Come if you need anything. One can at least be of use on the +staff... + +Dlokhov smiled. Dont trouble. If I want anything, I wont +begIll take it! + +Well, never mind I only... + +And I only... + +Good-by. + +Good health... + + Its a long, long way. + To my native land... + + +Zherkv touched his horse with the spurs it pranced excitedly from +foot to foot uncertain with which to start, then settled down, galloped +past the company, and overtook the carriage, still keeping time to the +song. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +On returning from the review, Kutzov took the Austrian general into +his private room and, calling his adjutant, asked for some papers +relating to the condition of the troops on their arrival, and the +letters that had come from the Archduke Ferdinand, who was in command of +the advanced army. Prince Andrew Bolknski came into the room with the +required papers. Kutzov and the Austrian member of the Hofkriegsrath +were sitting at the table on which a plan was spread out. + +Ah!... said Kutzov glancing at Bolknski as if by this +exclamation he was asking the adjutant to wait, and he went on with the +conversation in French. + +All I can say, General, said he with a pleasant elegance +of expression and intonation that obliged one to listen to each +deliberately spoken word. It was evident that Kutzov himself listened +with pleasure to his own voice. All I can say, General, is that if +the matter depended on my personal wishes, the will of His Majesty the +Emperor Francis would have been fulfilled long ago. I should long +ago have joined the archduke. And believe me on my honour that to me +personally it would be a pleasure to hand over the supreme command +of the army into the hands of a better informed and more skillful +generalof whom Austria has so manyand to lay down all this heavy +responsibility. But circumstances are sometimes too strong for us, +General. + +And Kutzov smiled in a way that seemed to say, You are quite at +liberty not to believe me and I dont even care whether you do or +not, but you have no grounds for telling me so. And that is the whole +point. + +The Austrian general looked dissatisfied, but had no option but to reply +in the same tone. + +On the contrary, he said, in a querulous and angry tone that +contrasted with his flattering words, on the contrary, your +excellencys participation in the common action is highly valued by +His Majesty but we think the present delay is depriving the splendid +Russian troops and their commander of the laurels they have been +accustomed to win in their battles, he concluded his evidently +prearranged sentence. + +Kutzov bowed with the same smile. + +But that is my conviction, and judging by the last letter with which +His Highness the Archduke Ferdinand has honored me, I imagine that the +Austrian troops, under the direction of so skillful a leader as General +Mack, have by now already gained a decisive victory and no longer need +our aid, said Kutzov. + +The general frowned. Though there was no definite news of an Austrian +defeat, there were many circumstances confirming the unfavorable rumors +that were afloat, and so Kutzovs suggestion of an Austrian victory +sounded much like irony. But Kutzov went on blandly smiling with the +same expression, which seemed to say that he had a right to suppose +so. And, in fact, the last letter he had received from Macks army +informed him of a victory and stated strategically the position of the +army was very favorable. + +Give me that letter, said Kutzov turning to Prince Andrew. +Please have a look at itand Kutzov with an ironical smile +about the corners of his mouth read to the Austrian general the +following passage, in German, from the Archduke Ferdinands letter + +We have fully concentrated forces of nearly seventy thousand men with +which to attack and defeat the enemy should he cross the Lech. Also, +as we are masters of Ulm, we cannot be deprived of the advantage of +commanding both sides of the Danube, so that should the enemy not +cross the Lech, we can cross the Danube, throw ourselves on his line +of communications, recross the river lower down, and frustrate his +intention should he try to direct his whole force against our faithful +ally. We shall therefore confidently await the moment when the Imperial +Russian army will be fully equipped, and shall then, in conjunction with +it, easily find a way to prepare for the enemy the fate he deserves. + +Kutzov sighed deeply on finishing this paragraph and looked at the +member of the Hofkriegsrath mildly and attentively. + +But you know the wise maxim your excellency, advising one to expect +the worst, said the Austrian general, evidently wishing to have done +with jests and to come to business. He involuntarily looked round at the +aide-de-camp. + +Excuse me, General, interrupted Kutzov, also turning to Prince +Andrew. Look here, my dear fellow, get from Kozlvski all the +reports from our scouts. Here are two letters from Count Nostitz and +here is one from His Highness the Archduke Ferdinand and here are +these, he said, handing him several papers, make a neat memorandum +in French out of all this, showing all the news we have had of the +movements of the Austrian army, and then give it to his excellency. + +Prince Andrew bowed his head in token of having understood from the +first not only what had been said but also what Kutzov would have +liked to tell him. He gathered up the papers and with a bow to both, +stepped softly over the carpet and went out into the waiting room. + +Though not much time had passed since Prince Andrew had left Russia, he +had changed greatly during that period. In the expression of his face, +in his movements, in his walk, scarcely a trace was left of his former +affected languor and indolence. He now looked like a man who has time +to think of the impression he makes on others, but is occupied with +agreeable and interesting work. His face expressed more satisfaction +with himself and those around him, his smile and glance were brighter +and more attractive. + +Kutzov, whom he had overtaken in Poland, had received him very kindly, +promised not to forget him, distinguished him above the other adjutants, +and had taken him to Vienna and given him the more serious commissions. +From Vienna Kutzov wrote to his old comrade, Prince Andrews father. + +Your son bids fair to become an officer distinguished by his industry, +firmness, and expedition. I consider myself fortunate to have such a +subordinate by me. + +On Kutzovs staff, among his fellow officers and in the army +generally, Prince Andrew had, as he had had in Petersburg society, two +quite opposite reputations. Some, a minority, acknowledged him to be +different from themselves and from everyone else, expected great things +of him, listened to him, admired, and imitated him, and with them Prince +Andrew was natural and pleasant. Others, the majority, disliked him and +considered him conceited, cold, and disagreeable. But among these people +Prince Andrew knew how to take his stand so that they respected and even +feared him. + +Coming out of Kutzovs room into the waiting room with the papers in +his hand Prince Andrew came up to his comrade, the aide-de-camp on duty, +Kozlvski, who was sitting at the window with a book. + +Well, Prince? asked Kozlvski. + +I am ordered to write a memorandum explaining why we are not +advancing. + +And why is it? + +Prince Andrew shrugged his shoulders. + +Any news from Mack? + +No. + +If it were true that he has been beaten, news would have come. + +Probably, said Prince Andrew moving toward the outer door. + +But at that instant a tall Austrian general in a greatcoat, with the +order of Maria Theresa on his neck and a black bandage round his head, +who had evidently just arrived, entered quickly, slamming the door. +Prince Andrew stopped short. + +Commander in Chief Kutzov? said the newly arrived general +speaking quickly with a harsh German accent, looking to both sides and +advancing straight toward the inner door. + +The commander in chief is engaged, said Kozlvski, going +hurriedly up to the unknown general and blocking his way to the door. +Whom shall I announce? + +The unknown general looked disdainfully down at Kozlvski, who was +rather short, as if surprised that anyone should not know him. + +The commander in chief is engaged, repeated Kozlvski calmly. + +The generals face clouded, his lips quivered and trembled. He took +out a notebook, hurriedly scribbled something in pencil, tore out the +leaf, gave it to Kozlvski, stepped quickly to the window, and threw +himself into a chair, gazing at those in the room as if asking, Why +do they look at me? Then he lifted his head, stretched his neck as +if he intended to say something, but immediately, with affected +indifference, began to hum to himself, producing a queer sound which +immediately broke off. The door of the private room opened and Kutzov +appeared in the doorway. The general with the bandaged head bent forward +as though running away from some danger, and, making long, quick strides +with his thin legs, went up to Kutzov. + +Vous voyez le malheureux Mack, he uttered in a broken voice. + +Kutzovs face as he stood in the open doorway remained perfectly +immobile for a few moments. Then wrinkles ran over his face like a wave +and his forehead became smooth again, he bowed his head respectfully, +closed his eyes, silently let Mack enter his room before him, and closed +the door himself behind him. + +The report which had been circulated that the Austrians had been beaten +and that the whole army had surrendered at Ulm proved to be correct. +Within half an hour adjutants had been sent in various directions with +orders which showed that the Russian troops, who had hitherto been +inactive, would also soon have to meet the enemy. + +Prince Andrew was one of those rare staff officers whose chief interest +lay in the general progress of the war. When he saw Mack and heard the +details of his disaster he understood that half the campaign was lost, +understood all the difficulties of the Russian armys position, and +vividly imagined what awaited it and the part he would have to +play. Involuntarily he felt a joyful agitation at the thought of the +humiliation of arrogant Austria and that in a weeks time he might, +perhaps, see and take part in the first Russian encounter with the +French since Suvrov met them. He feared that Bonapartes genius +might outweigh all the courage of the Russian troops, and at the same +time could not admit the idea of his hero being disgraced. + +Excited and irritated by these thoughts Prince Andrew went toward his +room to write to his father, to whom he wrote every day. In the corridor +he met Nesvtski, with whom he shared a room, and the wag Zherkv +they were as usual laughing. + +Why are you so glum? asked Nesvtski noticing Prince Andrews +pale face and glittering eyes. + +Theres nothing to be gay about, answered Bolknski. + +Just as Prince Andrew met Nesvtski and Zherkv, there came toward +them from the other end of the corridor, Strauch, an Austrian general +who on Kutzovs staff in charge of the provisioning of the Russian +army, and the member of the Hofkriegsrath who had arrived the previous +evening. There was room enough in the wide corridor for the generals to +pass the three officers quite easily, but Zherkv, pushing Nesvtski +aside with his arm, said in a breathless voice, + +Theyre coming!... theyre coming!... Stand aside, make way, +please make way! + +The generals were passing by, looking as if they wished to avoid +embarrassing attentions. On the face of the wag Zherkv there suddenly +appeared a stupid smile of glee which he seemed unable to suppress. + +Your excellency, said he in German, stepping forward and +addressing the Austrian general, I have the honor to congratulate +you. + +He bowed his head and scraped first with one foot and then with the +other, awkwardly, like a child at a dancing lesson. + +The member of the Hofkriegsrath looked at him severely but, seeing the +seriousness of his stupid smile, could not but give him a moments +attention. He screwed up his eyes showing that he was listening. + +I have the honor to congratulate you. General Mack has arrived, quite +well, only a little bruised just here, he added, pointing with a +beaming smile to his head. + +The general frowned, turned away, and went on. + +Gott, wie naiv! * said he angrily, after he had gone a few steps. + + * Good God, what simplicity! + + +Nesvtski with a laugh threw his arms round Prince Andrew, but +Bolknski, turning still paler, pushed him away with an angry look and +turned to Zherkv. The nervous irritation aroused by the appearance +of Mack, the news of his defeat, and the thought of what lay before the +Russian army found vent in anger at Zherkvs untimely jest. + +If you, sir, choose to make a buffoon of yourself, he said +sharply, with a slight trembling of the lower jaw, I cant prevent +your doing so but I warn you that if you dare to play the fool in my +presence, I will teach you to behave yourself. + +Nesvtski and Zherkv were so surprised by this outburst that they +gazed at Bolknski silently with wide-open eyes. + +Whats the matter? I only congratulated them, said Zherkv. + +I am not jesting with you please be silent! cried Bolknski, +and taking Nesvtskis arm he left Zherkv, who did not know what to +say. + +Come, whats the matter, old fellow? said Nesvtski trying to +soothe him. + +Whats the matter? exclaimed Prince Andrew standing still in +his excitement. Dont you understand that either we are officers +serving our Tsar and our country, rejoicing in the successes and +grieving at the misfortunes of our common cause, or we are merely +lackeys who care nothing for their masters business. Quarante mille +hommes massacrs et larme de nos allis dtruite, et vous +trouvez l le mot pour rire, * he said, as if strengthening his +views by this French sentence. Cest bien pour un garon de rien +comme cet individu dont vous avez fait un ami, mais pas pour vous, pas +pour vous. *(2) Only a hobbledehoy could amuse himself in this +way, he added in Russianbut pronouncing the word with a French +accenthaving noticed that Zherkv could still hear him. + + * Forty thousand men massacred and the army of our allies + destroyed, and you find that a cause for jesting! + + * (2) It is all very well for that good-for-nothing fellow + of whom you have made a friend, but not for you, not for + you. + + +He waited a moment to see whether the cornet would answer, but he turned +and went out of the corridor. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +The Pvlograd Hussars were stationed two miles from Braunau. The +squadron in which Nicholas Rostv served as a cadet was quartered in +the German village of Salzeneck. The best quarters in the village were +assigned to cavalry-captain Densov, the squadron commander, known +throughout the whole cavalry division as Vska Densov. Cadet Rostv, +ever since he had overtaken the regiment in Poland, had lived with the +squadron commander. + +On October 11, the day when all was astir at headquarters over the news +of Macks defeat, the camp life of the officers of this squadron was +proceeding as usual. Densov, who had been losing at cards all night, +had not yet come home when Rostv rode back early in the morning from +a foraging expedition. Rostv in his cadet uniform, with a jerk to his +horse, rode up to the porch, swung his leg over the saddle with a supple +youthful movement, stood for a moment in the stirrup as if loathe to +part from his horse, and at last sprang down and called to his orderly. + +Ah, Bondarnko, dear friend! said he to the hussar who rushed up +headlong to the horse. Walk him up and down, my dear fellow, he +continued, with that gay brotherly cordiality which goodhearted young +people show to everyone when they are happy. + +Yes, your excellency, answered the Ukrainian gaily, tossing his +head. + +Mind, walk him up and down well! + +Another hussar also rushed toward the horse, but Bondarnko had already +thrown the reins of the snaffle bridle over the horses head. It was +evident that the cadet was liberal with his tips and that it paid to +serve him. Rostv patted the horses neck and then his flank, and +lingered for a moment. + +Splendid! What a horse he will be! he thought with a smile, and +holding up his saber, his spurs jingling, he ran up the steps of the +porch. His landlord, who in a waistcoat and a pointed cap, pitchfork in +hand, was clearing manure from the cowhouse, looked out, and his face +immediately brightened on seeing Rostv. Schn gut Morgen! Schn +gut Morgen! * he said winking with a merry smile, evidently pleased +to greet the young man. + + * A very good morning! A very good morning! + + +Schon fleissig? * said Rostv with the same gay brotherly smile +which did not leave his eager face. Hoch Oestreicher! Hoch Russen! +Kaiser Alexander hoch! *(2) said he, quoting words often repeated by +the German landlord. + + * Busy already? + + * (2) Hurrah for the Austrians! Hurrah for the Russians! + Hurrah for Emperor Alexander! + + +The German laughed, came out of the cowshed, pulled off his cap, and +waving it above his head cried + +Und die ganze Welt hoch! * + + * And hurrah for the whole world! + + +Rostv waved his cap above his head like the German and cried laughing, +Und vivat die ganze Welt! Though neither the German cleaning his +cowshed nor Rostv back with his platoon from foraging for hay had any +reason for rejoicing, they looked at each other with joyful delight and +brotherly love, wagged their heads in token of their mutual affection, +and parted smiling, the German returning to his cowshed and Rostv +going to the cottage he occupied with Densov. + +What about your master? he asked Lavrshka, Densovs orderly, +whom all the regiment knew for a rogue. + +Hasnt been in since the evening. Must have been losing, +answered Lavrshka. I know by now, if he wins he comes back early to +brag about it, but if he stays out till morning it means hes lost and +will come back in a rage. Will you have coffee? + +Yes, bring some. + +Ten minutes later Lavrshka brought the coffee. Hes coming! +said he. Now for trouble! Rostv looked out of the window and +saw Densov coming home. Densov was a small man with a red face, +sparkling black eyes, and black tousled mustache and hair. He wore an +unfastened cloak, wide breeches hanging down in creases, and a crumpled +shako on the back of his head. He came up to the porch gloomily, hanging +his head. + +Lavwska! he shouted loudly and angrily, take it off, +blockhead! + +Well, I am taking it off, replied Lavrshkas voice. + +Ah, youre up already, said Densov, entering the room. + +Long ago, answered Rostv, I have already been for the hay, +and have seen Frulein Mathilde. + +Weally! And Ive been losing, bwother. I lost yesterday like a +damned fool! cried Densov, not pronouncing his rs. Such ill +luck! Such ill luck. As soon as you left, it began and went on. Hullo +there! Tea! + +Puckering up his face though smiling, and showing his short strong +teeth, he began with stubby fingers of both hands to ruffle up his thick +tangled black hair. + +And what devil made me go to that wat? (an officer nicknamed +the rat) he said, rubbing his forehead and whole face with both +hands. Just fancy, he didnt let me win a single cahd, not one +cahd. + +He took the lighted pipe that was offered to him, gripped it in his +fist, and tapped it on the floor, making the sparks fly, while he +continued to shout. + +He lets one win the singles and collahs it as soon as one doubles it +gives the singles and snatches the doubles! + +He scattered the burning tobacco, smashed the pipe, and threw it away. +Then he remained silent for a while, and all at once looked cheerfully +with his glittering, black eyes at Rostv. + +If at least we had some women here but theres nothing foh one +to do but dwink. If we could only get to fighting soon. Hullo, whos +there? he said, turning to the door as he heard a tread of heavy +boots and the clinking of spurs that came to a stop, and a respectful +cough. + +The squadron quartermaster! said Lavrshka. + +Densovs face puckered still more. + +Wetched! he muttered, throwing down a purse with some gold in it. +Wostv, deah fellow, just see how much there is left and shove the +purse undah the pillow, he said, and went out to the quartermaster. + +Rostv took the money and, mechanically arranging the old and new coins +in separate piles, began counting them. + +Ah! Telynin! How dye do? They plucked me last night, came +Densovs voice from the next room. + +Where? At Bykovs, at the rats... I knew it, replied a piping +voice, and Lieutenant Telynin, a small officer of the same squadron, +entered the room. + +Rostv thrust the purse under the pillow and shook the damp little hand +which was offered him. Telynin for some reason had been transferred +from the Guards just before this campaign. He behaved very well in the +regiment but was not liked Rostv especially detested him and was +unable to overcome or conceal his groundless antipathy to the man. + +Well, young cavalryman, how is my Rook behaving? he asked. (Rook +was a young horse Telynin had sold to Rostv.) + +The lieutenant never looked the man he was speaking to straight in the +face his eyes continually wandered from one object to another. + +I saw you riding this morning... he added. + +Oh, hes all right, a good horse, answered Rostv, though the +horse for which he had paid seven hundred rubbles was not worth half +that sum. Hes begun to go a little lame on the left foreleg, he +added. + +The hoofs cracked! Thats nothing. Ill teach you what to do +and show you what kind of rivet to use. + +Yes, please do, said Rostv. + +Ill show you, Ill show you! Its not a secret. And its a +horse youll thank me for. + +Then Ill have it brought round, said Rostv wishing to avoid +Telynin, and he went out to give the order. + +In the passage Densov, with a pipe, was squatting on the threshold +facing the quartermaster who was reporting to him. On seeing Rostv, +Densov screwed up his face and pointing over his shoulder with his +thumb to the room where Telynin was sitting, he frowned and gave a +shudder of disgust. + +Ugh! I dont like that fellow, he said, regardless of the +quartermasters presence. + +Rostv shrugged his shoulders as much as to say Nor do I, but +whats one to do? and, having given his order, he returned to +Telynin. + +Telynin was sitting in the same indolent pose in which Rostv had +left him, rubbing his small white hands. + +Well there certainly are disgusting people, thought Rostv as he +entered. + +Have you told them to bring the horse? asked Telynin, getting up +and looking carelessly about him. + +I have. + +Let us go ourselves. I only came round to ask Densov about +yesterdays order. Have you got it, Densov? + +Not yet. But where are you off to? + +I want to teach this young man how to shoe a horse, said +Telynin. + +They went through the porch and into the stable. The lieutenant +explained how to rivet the hoof and went away to his own quarters. + +When Rostv went back there was a bottle of vodka and a sausage on the +table. Densov was sitting there scratching with his pen on a sheet of +paper. He looked gloomily in Rostvs face and said I am witing +to her. + +He leaned his elbows on the table with his pen in his hand and, +evidently glad of a chance to say quicker in words what he wanted to +write, told Rostv the contents of his letter. + +You see, my fwiend, he said, we sleep when we dont love. We +are childwen of the dust... but one falls in love and one is a God, one +is pua as on the fihst day of cweation... Whos that now? Send him +to the devil, Im busy! he shouted to Lavrshka, who went up to +him not in the least abashed. + +Who should it be? You yourself told him to come. Its the +quartermaster for the money. + +Densov frowned and was about to shout some reply but stopped. + +Wetched business, he muttered to himself. How much is left in +the puhse? he asked, turning to Rostv. + +Seven new and three old imperials. + +Oh, its wetched! Well, what are you standing there for, you +scacwow? Call the quahtehmasteh, he shouted to Lavrshka. + +Please, Densov, let me lend you some I have some, you know, +said Rostv, blushing. + +Dont like bowwowing from my own fellows, I dont, growled +Densov. + +But if you wont accept money from me like a comrade, you will +offend me. Really I have some, Rostv repeated. + +No, I tell you. + +And Densov went to the bed to get the purse from under the pillow. + +Where have you put it, Wostv? + +Under the lower pillow. + +Its not there. + +Densov threw both pillows on the floor. The purse was not there. + +Thats a miwacle. + +Wait, havent you dropped it? said Rostv, picking up the +pillows one at a time and shaking them. + +He pulled off the quilt and shook it. The purse was not there. + +Dear me, can I have forgotten? No, I remember thinking that you kept +it under your head like a treasure, said Rostv. I put it just +here. Where is it? he asked, turning to Lavrshka. + +I havent been in the room. It must be where you put it. + +But it isnt?... + +Youre always like that you thwow a thing down anywhere and forget +it. Feel in your pockets. + +No, if I hadnt thought of it being a treasure, said Rostv, +but I remember putting it there. + +Lavrshka turned all the bedding over, looked under the bed and under +the table, searched everywhere, and stood still in the middle of the +room. Densov silently watched Lavrshkas movements, and when the +latter threw up his arms in surprise saying it was nowhere to be found +Densov glanced at Rostv. + +Wostv, youve not been playing schoolboy twicks... + +Rostv felt Densovs gaze fixed on him, raised his eyes, and +instantly dropped them again. All the blood which had seemed congested +somewhere below his throat rushed to his face and eyes. He could not +draw breath. + +And there hasnt been anyone in the room except the lieutenant and +yourselves. It must be here somewhere, said Lavrshka. + +Now then, you devils puppet, look alive and hunt for it! +shouted Densov, suddenly, turning purple and rushing at the man with +a threatening gesture. If the purse isnt found Ill flog you, +Ill flog you all. + +Rostv, his eyes avoiding Densov, began buttoning his coat, buckled +on his saber, and put on his cap. + +I must have that purse, I tell you, shouted Densov, shaking his +orderly by the shoulders and knocking him against the wall. + +Densov, let him alone, I know who has taken it, said Rostv, +going toward the door without raising his eyes. Densov paused, thought +a moment, and, evidently understanding what Rostv hinted at, seized +his arm. + +Nonsense! he cried, and the veins on his forehead and neck stood +out like cords. You are mad, I tell you. I wont allow it. +The purse is here! Ill flay this scoundwel alive, and it will be +found. + +I know who has taken it, repeated Rostv in an unsteady voice, +and went to the door. + +And I tell you, dont you dahe to do it! shouted Densov, +rushing at the cadet to restrain him. + +But Rostv pulled away his arm and, with as much anger as though +Densov were his worst enemy, firmly fixed his eyes directly on his +face. + +Do you understand what youre saying? he said in a trembling +voice. There was no one else in the room except myself. So that if it +is not so, then... + +He could not finish, and ran out of the room. + +Ah, may the devil take you and evewybody, were the last words +Rostv heard. + +Rostv went to Telynins quarters. + +The master is not in, hes gone to headquarters, said +Telynins orderly. Has something happened? he added, surprised +at the cadets troubled face. + +No, nothing. + +Youve only just missed him, said the orderly. + +The headquarters were situated two miles away from Salzeneck, and +Rostv, without returning home, took a horse and rode there. There was +an inn in the village which the officers frequented. Rostv rode up to +it and saw Telynins horse at the porch. + +In the second room of the inn the lieutenant was sitting over a dish of +sausages and a bottle of wine. + +Ah, youve come here too, young man! he said, smiling and +raising his eyebrows. + +Yes, said Rostv as if it cost him a great deal to utter the +word and he sat down at the nearest table. + +Both were silent. There were two Germans and a Russian officer in the +room. No one spoke and the only sounds heard were the clatter of knives +and the munching of the lieutenant. + +When Telynin had finished his lunch he took out of his pocket a double +purse and, drawing its rings aside with his small, white, turned-up +fingers, drew out a gold imperial, and lifting his eyebrows gave it to +the waiter. + +Please be quick, he said. + +The coin was a new one. Rostv rose and went up to Telynin. + +Allow me to look at your purse, he said in a low, almost +inaudible, voice. + +With shifting eyes but eyebrows still raised, Telynin handed him the +purse. + +Yes, its a nice purse. Yes, yes, he said, growing suddenly +pale, and added, Look at it, young man. + +Rostv took the purse in his hand, examined it and the money in it, and +looked at Telynin. The lieutenant was looking about in his usual way +and suddenly seemed to grow very merry. + +If we get to Vienna Ill get rid of it there but in these wretched +little towns theres nowhere to spend it, said he. Well, let me +have it, young man, Im going. + +Rostv did not speak. + +And you? Are you going to have lunch too? They feed you quite +decently here, continued Telynin. Now then, let me have it. + +He stretched out his hand to take hold of the purse. Rostv let go of +it. Telynin took the purse and began carelessly slipping it into the +pocket of his riding breeches, with his eyebrows lifted and his mouth +slightly open, as if to say, Yes, yes, I am putting my purse in my +pocket and thats quite simple and is no one elses business. + +Well, young man? he said with a sigh, and from under his lifted +brows he glanced into Rostvs eyes. + +Some flash as of an electric spark shot from Telynins eyes to +Rostvs and back, and back again and again in an instant. + +Come here, said Rostv, catching hold of Telynins arm and +almost dragging him to the window. That money is Densovs you +took it... he whispered just above Telynins ear. + +What? What? How dare you? What? said Telynin. + +But these words came like a piteous, despairing cry and an entreaty for +pardon. As soon as Rostv heard them, an enormous load of doubt +fell from him. He was glad, and at the same instant began to pity the +miserable man who stood before him, but the task he had begun had to be +completed. + +Heaven only knows what the people here may imagine, muttered +Telynin, taking up his cap and moving toward a small empty room. We +must have an explanation... + +I know it and shall prove it, said Rostv. + +I... + +Every muscle of Telynins pale, terrified face began to quiver, his +eyes still shifted from side to side but with a downward look not rising +to Rostvs face, and his sobs were audible. + +Count!... Dont ruin a young fellow... here is this wretched money, +take it... He threw it on the table. I have an old father and +mother!... + +Rostv took the money, avoiding Telynins eyes, and went out of the +room without a word. But at the door he stopped and then retraced his +steps. O God, he said with tears in his eyes, how could you do +it? + +Count... said Telynin drawing nearer to him. + +Dont touch me, said Rostv, drawing back. If you need it, +take the money, and he threw the purse to him and ran out of the inn. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +That same evening there was an animated discussion among the +squadrons officers in Densovs quarters. + +And I tell you, Rostv, that you must apologize to the colonel! +said a tall, grizzly-haired staff captain, with enormous mustaches and +many wrinkles on his large features, to Rostv who was crimson with +excitement. + +The staff captain, Krsten, had twice been reduced to the ranks for +affairs of honor and had twice regained his commission. + +I will allow no one to call me a liar! cried Rostv. He told +me I lied, and I told him he lied. And there it rests. He may keep me +on duty every day, or may place me under arrest, but no one can make +me apologize, because if he, as commander of this regiment, thinks it +beneath his dignity to give me satisfaction, then... + +You just wait a moment, my dear fellow, and listen, interrupted +the staff captain in his deep bass, calmly stroking his long mustache. +You tell the colonel in the presence of other officers that an +officer has stolen... + +Im not to blame that the conversation began in the presence of +other officers. Perhaps I ought not to have spoken before them, but I am +not a diplomatist. Thats why I joined the hussars, thinking that here +one would not need finesse and he tells me that I am lyingso let him +give me satisfaction... + +Thats all right. No one thinks you a coward, but thats not the +point. Ask Densov whether it is not out of the question for a cadet to +demand satisfaction of his regimental commander? + +Densov sat gloomily biting his mustache and listening to the +conversation, evidently with no wish to take part in it. He answered the +staff captains question by a disapproving shake of his head. + +You speak to the colonel about this nasty business before other +officers, continued the staff captain, and Bogdnich (the +colonel was called Bogdnich) shuts you up. + +He did not shut me up, he said I was telling an untruth. + +Well, have it so, and you talked a lot of nonsense to him and must +apologize. + +Not on any account! exclaimed Rostv. + +I did not expect this of you, said the staff captain seriously and +severely. You dont wish to apologize, but, man, its not only to +him but to the whole regimentall of usyoure to blame all round. +The case is this you ought to have thought the matter over and +taken advice but no, you go and blurt it all straight out before the +officers. Now what was the colonel to do? Have the officer tried and +disgrace the whole regiment? Disgrace the whole regiment because of one +scoundrel? Is that how you look at it? We dont see it like that. And +Bogdnich was a brick he told you you were saying what was not true. +Its not pleasant, but whats to be done, my dear fellow? You landed +yourself in it. And now, when one wants to smooth the thing over, some +conceit prevents your apologizing, and you wish to make the whole +affair public. You are offended at being put on duty a bit, but why not +apologize to an old and honorable officer? Whatever Bogdnich may +be, anyway he is an honorable and brave old colonel! Youre quick at +taking offense, but you dont mind disgracing the whole regiment! +The staff captains voice began to tremble. You have been in the +regiment next to no time, my lad, youre here today and tomorrow +youll be appointed adjutant somewhere and can snap your fingers when +it is said There are thieves among the Pvlograd officers! But +its not all the same to us! Am I not right, Densov? Its not the +same! + +Densov remained silent and did not move, but occasionally looked with +his glittering black eyes at Rostv. + +You value your own pride and dont wish to apologize, continued +the staff captain, but we old fellows, who have grown up in and, God +willing, are going to die in the regiment, we prize the honor of the +regiment, and Bogdnich knows it. Oh, we do prize it, old fellow! And +all this is not right, its not right! You may take offense or not but +I always stick to mother truth. Its not right! + +And the staff captain rose and turned away from Rostv. + +Thats twue, devil take it! shouted Densov, jumping up. Now +then, Wostv, now then! + +Rostv, growing red and pale alternately, looked first at one officer +and then at the other. + +No, gentlemen, no... you mustnt think... I quite understand. +Youre wrong to think that of me... I... for me... for the honor of +the regiment Id... Ah well, Ill show that in action, and for me +the honor of the flag... Well, never mind, its true Im to blame, +to blame all round. Well, what else do you want?... + +Come, thats right, Count! cried the staff captain, turning +round and clapping Rostv on the shoulder with his big hand. + +I tell you, shouted Densov, hes a fine fellow. + +Thats better, Count, said the staff captain, beginning to +address Rostv by his title, as if in recognition of his confession. +Go and apologize, your excellency. Yes, go! + +Gentlemen, Ill do anything. No one shall hear a word from me, +said Rostv in an imploring voice, but I cant apologize, by God I +cant, do what you will! How can I go and apologize like a little boy +asking forgiveness? + +Densov began to laugh. + +Itll be worse for you. Bogdnich is vindictive and youll pay +for your obstinacy, said Krsten. + +No, on my word its not obstinacy! I cant describe the feeling. +I cant... + +Well, its as you like, said the staff captain. And what has +become of that scoundrel? he asked Densov. + +He has weported himself sick, hes to be stwuck off the list +tomowwow, muttered Densov. + +It is an illness, theres no other way of explaining it, said +the staff captain. + +Illness or not, hed better not cwoss my path. Id kill him! +shouted Densov in a bloodthirsty tone. + +Just then Zherkv entered the room. + +What brings you here? cried the officers turning to the newcomer. + +Were to go into action, gentlemen! Mack has surrendered with his +whole army. + +Its not true! + +Ive seen him myself! + +What? Saw the real Mack? With hands and feet? + +Into action! Into action! Bring him a bottle for such news! But how +did you come here? + +Ive been sent back to the regiment all on account of that devil, +Mack. An Austrian general complained of me. I congratulated him on +Macks arrival... Whats the matter, Rostv? You look as if youd +just come out of a hot bath. + +Oh, my dear fellow, were in such a stew here these last two +days. + +The regimental adjutant came in and confirmed the news brought by +Zherkv. They were under orders to advance next day. + +Were going into action, gentlemen! + +Well, thank God! Weve been sitting here too long! + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Kutzov fell back toward Vienna, destroying behind him the bridges over +the rivers Inn (at Braunau) and Traun (near Linz). On October 23 the +Russian troops were crossing the river Enns. At midday the Russian +baggage train, the artillery, and columns of troops were defiling +through the town of Enns on both sides of the bridge. + +It was a warm, rainy, autumnal day. The wide expanse that opened out +before the heights on which the Russian batteries stood guarding the +bridge was at times veiled by a diaphanous curtain of slanting rain, and +then, suddenly spread out in the sunlight, far-distant objects could +be clearly seen glittering as though freshly varnished. Down below, +the little town could be seen with its white, red-roofed houses, its +cathedral, and its bridge, on both sides of which streamed jostling +masses of Russian troops. At the bend of the Danube, vessels, an island, +and a castle with a park surrounded by the waters of the confluence of +the Enns and the Danube became visible, and the rocky left bank of the +Danube covered with pine forests, with a mystic background of green +treetops and bluish gorges. The turrets of a convent stood out beyond a +wild virgin pine forest, and far away on the other side of the Enns the +enemys horse patrols could be discerned. + +Among the field guns on the brow of the hill the general in command of +the rearguard stood with a staff officer, scanning the country through +his fieldglass. A little behind them Nesvtski, who had been sent to +the rearguard by the commander in chief, was sitting on the trail of a +gun carriage. A Cossack who accompanied him had handed him a knapsack +and a flask, and Nesvtski was treating some officers to pies and real +doppelkmmel. The officers gladly gathered round him, some on their +knees, some squatting Turkish fashion on the wet grass. + +Yes, the Austrian prince who built that castle was no fool. Its +a fine place! Why are you not eating anything, gentlemen? Nesvtski +was saying. + +Thank you very much, Prince, answered one of the officers, pleased +to be talking to a staff officer of such importance. Its a lovely +place! We passed close to the park and saw two deer... and what a +splendid house! + +Look, Prince, said another, who would have dearly liked to take +another pie but felt shy, and therefore pretended to be examining the +countrysideSee, our infantrymen have already got there. Look there +in the meadow behind the village, three of them are dragging something. +Theyll ransack that castle, he remarked with evident approval. + +So they will, said Nesvtski. No, but what I should like, +added he, munching a pie in his moist-lipped handsome mouth, would be +to slip in over there. + +He pointed with a smile to a turreted nunnery, and his eyes narrowed and +gleamed. + +That would be fine, gentlemen! + +The officers laughed. + +Just to flutter the nuns a bit. They say there are Italian girls +among them. On my word Id give five years of my life for it! + +They must be feeling dull, too, said one of the bolder officers, +laughing. + +Meanwhile the staff officer standing in front pointed out something to +the general, who looked through his field glass. + +Yes, so it is, so it is, said the general angrily, lowering the +field glass and shrugging his shoulders, so it is! Theyll be fired +on at the crossing. And why are they dawdling there? + +On the opposite side the enemy could be seen by the naked eye, and from +their battery a milk-white cloud arose. Then came the distant report of +a shot, and our troops could be seen hurrying to the crossing. + +Nesvtski rose, puffing, and went up to the general, smiling. + +Would not your excellency like a little refreshment? he said. + +Its a bad business, said the general without answering him, +our men have been wasting time. + +Hadnt I better ride over, your excellency? asked Nesvtski. + +Yes, please do, answered the general, and he repeated the order +that had already once been given in detail and tell the hussars +that they are to cross last and to fire the bridge as I ordered and the +inflammable material on the bridge must be reinspected. + +Very good, answered Nesvtski. + +He called the Cossack with his horse, told him to put away the knapsack +and flask, and swung his heavy person easily into the saddle. + +Ill really call in on the nuns, he said to the officers who +watched him smilingly, and he rode off by the winding path down the +hill. + +Now then, lets see how far it will carry, Captain. Just try! +said the general, turning to an artillery officer. Have a little fun +to pass the time. + +Crew, to your guns! commanded the officer. + +In a moment the men came running gaily from their campfires and began +loading. + +One! came the command. + +Number one jumped briskly aside. The gun rang out with a deafening +metallic roar, and a whistling grenade flew above the heads of our +troops below the hill and fell far short of the enemy, a little smoke +showing the spot where it burst. + +The faces of officers and men brightened up at the sound. Everyone got +up and began watching the movements of our troops below, as plainly +visible as if but a stones throw away, and the movements of the +approaching enemy farther off. At the same instant the sun came fully +out from behind the clouds, and the clear sound of the solitary shot +and the brilliance of the bright sunshine merged in a single joyous and +spirited impression. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Two of the enemys shots had already flown across the bridge, where +there was a crush. Halfway across stood Prince Nesvtski, who had +alighted from his horse and whose big body was jammed against the +railings. He looked back laughing to the Cossack who stood a few +steps behind him holding two horses by their bridles. Each time Prince +Nesvtski tried to move on, soldiers and carts pushed him back again +and pressed him against the railings, and all he could do was to smile. + +What a fine fellow you are, friend! said the Cossack to a convoy +soldier with a wagon, who was pressing onto the infantrymen who were +crowded together close to his wheels and his horses. What a fellow! +You cant wait a moment! Dont you see the general wants to pass? + +But the convoyman took no notice of the word general and shouted +at the soldiers who were blocking his way. Hi there, boys! Keep to +the left! Wait a bit. But the soldiers, crowded together shoulder to +shoulder, their bayonets interlocking, moved over the bridge in a dense +mass. Looking down over the rails Prince Nesvtski saw the rapid, noisy +little waves of the Enns, which rippling and eddying round the piles of +the bridge chased each other along. Looking on the bridge he saw equally +uniform living waves of soldiers, shoulder straps, covered shakos, +knapsacks, bayonets, long muskets, and, under the shakos, faces with +broad cheekbones, sunken cheeks, and listless tired expressions, and +feet that moved through the sticky mud that covered the planks of the +bridge. Sometimes through the monotonous waves of men, like a fleck of +white foam on the waves of the Enns, an officer, in a cloak and with +a type of face different from that of the men, squeezed his way along +sometimes like a chip of wood whirling in the river, an hussar on foot, +an orderly, or a townsman was carried through the waves of infantry +and sometimes like a log floating down the river, an officers or +companys baggage wagon, piled high, leather covered, and hemmed in on +all sides, moved across the bridge. + +Its as if a dam had burst, said the Cossack hopelessly. Are +there many more of you to come? + +A million all but one! replied a waggish soldier in a torn coat, +with a wink, and passed on followed by another, an old man. + +If he (he meant the enemy) begins popping at the bridge now, +said the old soldier dismally to a comrade, youll forget to +scratch yourself. + +That soldier passed on, and after him came another sitting on a cart. + +Where the devil have the leg bands been shoved to? said an +orderly, running behind the cart and fumbling in the back of it. + +And he also passed on with the wagon. Then came some merry soldiers who +had evidently been drinking. + +And then, old fellow, he gives him one in the teeth with the butt +end of his gun... a soldier whose greatcoat was well tucked up said +gaily, with a wide swing of his arm. + +Yes, the ham was just delicious... answered another with a loud +laugh. And they, too, passed on, so that Nesvtski did not learn who +had been struck on the teeth, or what the ham had to do with it. + +Bah! How they scurry. He just sends a ball and they think theyll +all be killed, a sergeant was saying angrily and reproachfully. + +As it flies past me, Daddy, the ball I mean, said a young soldier +with an enormous mouth, hardly refraining from laughing, I felt like +dying of fright. I did, pon my word, I got that frightened! said +he, as if bragging of having been frightened. + +That one also passed. Then followed a cart unlike any that had gone +before. It was a German cart with a pair of horses led by a German, and +seemed loaded with a whole houseful of effects. A fine brindled cow with +a large udder was attached to the cart behind. A woman with an unweaned +baby, an old woman, and a healthy German girl with bright red cheeks +were sitting on some feather beds. Evidently these fugitives were +allowed to pass by special permission. The eyes of all the soldiers +turned toward the women, and while the vehicle was passing at foot pace +all the soldiers remarks related to the two young ones. Every face +bore almost the same smile, expressing unseemly thoughts about the +women. + +Just see, the German sausage is making tracks, too! + +Sell me the missis, said another soldier, addressing the German, +who, angry and frightened, strode energetically along with downcast +eyes. + +See how smart shes made herself! Oh, the devils! + +There, Fedtov, you should be quartered on them! + +I have seen as much before now, mate! + +Where are you going? asked an infantry officer who was eating an +apple, also half smiling as he looked at the handsome girl. + +The German closed his eyes, signifying that he did not understand. + +Take it if you like, said the officer, giving the girl an apple. + +The girl smiled and took it. Nesvtski like the rest of the men on the +bridge did not take his eyes off the women till they had passed. When +they had gone by, the same stream of soldiers followed, with the same +kind of talk, and at last all stopped. As often happens, the horses of +a convoy wagon became restive at the end of the bridge, and the whole +crowd had to wait. + +And why are they stopping? Theres no proper order! said the +soldiers. Where are you shoving to? Devil take you! Cant you wait? +Itll be worse if he fires the bridge. See, heres an officer jammed +in toodifferent voices were saying in the crowd, as the men looked +at one another, and all pressed toward the exit from the bridge. + +Looking down at the waters of the Enns under the bridge, Nesvtski +suddenly heard a sound new to him, of something swiftly approaching... +something big, that splashed into the water. + +Just see where it carries to! a soldier near by said sternly, +looking round at the sound. + +Encouraging us to get along quicker, said another uneasily. + +The crowd moved on again. Nesvtski realized that it was a cannon ball. + +Hey, Cossack, my horse! he said. Now, then, you there! get out +of the way! Make way! + +With great difficulty he managed to get to his horse, and shouting +continually he moved on. The soldiers squeezed themselves to make way +for him, but again pressed on him so that they jammed his leg, and those +nearest him were not to blame for they were themselves pressed still +harder from behind. + +Nesvtski, Nesvtski! you numskull! came a hoarse voice from +behind him. + +Nesvtski looked round and saw, some fifteen paces away but separated +by the living mass of moving infantry, Vska Densov, red and shaggy, +with his cap on the back of his black head and a cloak hanging jauntily +over his shoulder. + +Tell these devils, these fiends, to let me pass! shouted Densov +evidently in a fit of rage, his coal-black eyes with their bloodshot +whites glittering and rolling as he waved his sheathed saber in a small +bare hand as red as his face. + +Ah, Vska! joyfully replied Nesvtski. Whats up with +you? + +The squadwon cant pass, shouted Vska Densov, showing his +white teeth fiercely and spurring his black thoroughbred Arab, which +twitched its ears as the bayonets touched it, and snorted, spurting +white foam from his bit, tramping the planks of the bridge with his +hoofs, and apparently ready to jump over the railings had his rider let +him. What is this? Theyre like sheep! Just like sheep! Out of the +way!... Let us pass!... Stop there, you devil with the cart! Ill hack +you with my saber! he shouted, actually drawing his saber from its +scabbard and flourishing it. + +The soldiers crowded against one another with terrified faces, and +Densov joined Nesvtski. + +Hows it youre not drunk today? said Nesvtski when the +other had ridden up to him. + +They dont even give one time to dwink! answered Vska +Densov. They keep dwagging the wegiment to and fwo all day. If they +mean to fight, lets fight. But the devil knows what this is. + +What a dandy you are today! said Nesvtski, looking at +Densovs new cloak and saddlecloth. + +Densov smiled, took out of his sabretache a handkerchief that diffused +a smell of perfume, and put it to Nesvtskis nose. + +Of course. Im going into action! Ive shaved, bwushed my teeth, +and scented myself. + +The imposing figure of Nesvtski followed by his Cossack, and +the determination of Densov who flourished his sword and shouted +frantically, had such an effect that they managed to squeeze through +to the farther side of the bridge and stopped the infantry. Beside the +bridge Nesvtski found the colonel to whom he had to deliver the order, +and having done this he rode back. + +Having cleared the way Densov stopped at the end of the bridge. +Carelessly holding in his stallion that was neighing and pawing the +ground, eager to rejoin its fellows, he watched his squadron draw +nearer. Then the clang of hoofs, as of several horses galloping, +resounded on the planks of the bridge, and the squadron, officers in +front and men four abreast, spread across the bridge and began to emerge +on his side of it. + +The infantry who had been stopped crowded near the bridge in the +trampled mud and gazed with that particular feeling of ill-will, +estrangement, and ridicule with which troops of different arms usually +encounter one another at the clean, smart hussars who moved past them in +regular order. + +Smart lads! Only fit for a fair! said one. + +What good are they? Theyre led about just for show! remarked +another. + +Dont kick up the dust, you infantry! jested an hussar whose +prancing horse had splashed mud over some foot soldiers. + +Id like to put you on a two days march with a knapsack! Your +fine cords would soon get a bit rubbed, said an infantryman, wiping +the mud off his face with his sleeve. Perched up there, youre more +like a bird than a man. + +There now, Zkin, they ought to put you on a horse. Youd look +fine, said a corporal, chaffing a thin little soldier who bent under +the weight of his knapsack. + +Take a stick between your legs, thatll suit you for a horse! +the hussar shouted back. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +The last of the infantry hurriedly crossed the bridge, squeezing +together as they approached it as if passing through a funnel. At last +the baggage wagons had all crossed, the crush was less, and the last +battalion came onto the bridge. Only Densovs squadron of hussars +remained on the farther side of the bridge facing the enemy, who could +be seen from the hill on the opposite bank but was not yet visible from +the bridge, for the horizon as seen from the valley through which the +river flowed was formed by the rising ground only half a mile away. +At the foot of the hill lay wasteland over which a few groups of our +Cossack scouts were moving. Suddenly on the road at the top of the high +ground, artillery and troops in blue uniform were seen. These were the +French. A group of Cossack scouts retired down the hill at a trot. All +the officers and men of Densovs squadron, though they tried to talk +of other things and to look in other directions, thought only of what +was there on the hilltop, and kept constantly looking at the patches +appearing on the skyline, which they knew to be the enemys troops. +The weather had cleared again since noon and the sun was descending +brightly upon the Danube and the dark hills around it. It was calm, and +at intervals the bugle calls and the shouts of the enemy could be heard +from the hill. There was no one now between the squadron and the enemy +except a few scattered skirmishers. An empty space of some seven hundred +yards was all that separated them. The enemy ceased firing, and that +stern, threatening, inaccessible, and intangible line which separates +two hostile armies was all the more clearly felt. + +One step beyond that boundary line which resembles the line dividing +the living from the dead lies uncertainty, suffering, and death. And +what is there? Who is there?there beyond that field, that tree, that +roof lit up by the sun? No one knows, but one wants to know. You fear +and yet long to cross that line, and know that sooner or later it must +be crossed and you will have to find out what is there, just as you will +inevitably have to learn what lies the other side of death. But you are +strong, healthy, cheerful, and excited, and are surrounded by other such +excitedly animated and healthy men. So thinks, or at any rate +feels, anyone who comes in sight of the enemy, and that feeling gives +a particular glamour and glad keenness of impression to everything that +takes place at such moments. + +On the high ground where the enemy was, the smoke of a cannon rose, +and a ball flew whistling over the heads of the hussar squadron. The +officers who had been standing together rode off to their places. The +hussars began carefully aligning their horses. Silence fell on the whole +squadron. All were looking at the enemy in front and at the squadron +commander, awaiting the word of command. A second and a third cannon +ball flew past. Evidently they were firing at the hussars, but the balls +with rapid rhythmic whistle flew over the heads of the horsemen and fell +somewhere beyond them. The hussars did not look round, but at the sound +of each shot, as at the word of command, the whole squadron with its +rows of faces so alike yet so different, holding its breath while the +ball flew past, rose in the stirrups and sank back again. The soldiers +without turning their heads glanced at one another, curious to see their +comrades impression. Every face, from Densovs to that of the +bugler, showed one common expression of conflict, irritation, and +excitement, around chin and mouth. The quartermaster frowned, looking +at the soldiers as if threatening to punish them. Cadet Mirnov ducked +every time a ball flew past. Rostv on the left flank, mounted on his +Rooka handsome horse despite its game leghad the happy air of a +schoolboy called up before a large audience for an examination in which +he feels sure he will distinguish himself. He was glancing at everyone +with a clear, bright expression, as if asking them to notice how calmly +he sat under fire. But despite himself, on his face too that same +indication of something new and stern showed round the mouth. + +Whos that curtseying there? Cadet Miwnov! Thats not wight! +Look at me, cried Densov who, unable to keep still on one spot, +kept turning his horse in front of the squadron. + +The black, hairy, snub-nosed face of Vska Densov, and his whole +short sturdy figure with the sinewy hairy hand and stumpy fingers in +which he held the hilt of his naked saber, looked just as it usually +did, especially toward evening when he had emptied his second bottle he +was only redder than usual. With his shaggy head thrown back like birds +when they drink, pressing his spurs mercilessly into the sides of his +good horse, Bedouin, and sitting as though falling backwards in the +saddle, he galloped to the other flank of the squadron and shouted in +a hoarse voice to the men to look to their pistols. He rode up to +Krsten. The staff captain on his broad-backed, steady mare came at a +walk to meet him. His face with its long mustache was serious as always, +only his eyes were brighter than usual. + +Well, what about it? said he to Densov. It wont come to a +fight. Youll seewe shall retire. + +The devil only knows what theyre about! muttered Densov. +Ah, Wostv, he cried noticing the cadets bright face, +youve got it at last. + +And he smiled approvingly, evidently pleased with the cadet. Rostv +felt perfectly happy. Just then the commander appeared on the bridge. +Densov galloped up to him. + +Your excellency! Let us attack them! Ill dwive them off. + +Attack indeed! said the colonel in a bored voice, puckering up his +face as if driving off a troublesome fly. And why are you stopping +here? Dont you see the skirmishers are retreating? Lead the squadron +back. + +The squadron crossed the bridge and drew out of range of fire without +having lost a single man. The second squadron that had been in the front +line followed them across and the last Cossacks quitted the farther side +of the river. + +The two Pvlograd squadrons, having crossed the bridge, retired up the +hill one after the other. Their colonel, Karl Bogdnich Schubert, came +up to Densovs squadron and rode at a footpace not far from Rostv, +without taking any notice of him although they were now meeting for the +first time since their encounter concerning Telynin. Rostv, feeling +that he was at the front and in the power of a man toward whom he now +admitted that he had been to blame, did not lift his eyes from the +colonels athletic back, his nape covered with light hair, and his red +neck. It seemed to Rostv that Bogdnich was only pretending not +to notice him, and that his whole aim now was to test the cadets +courage, so he drew himself up and looked around him merrily then it +seemed to him that Bogdnich rode so near in order to show him his +courage. Next he thought that his enemy would send the squadron on a +desperate attack just to punish himRostv. Then he imagined how, +after the attack, Bogdnich would come up to him as he lay wounded and +would magnanimously extend the hand of reconciliation. + +The high-shouldered figure of Zherkv, familiar to the Pvlograds as +he had but recently left their regiment, rode up to the colonel. +After his dismissal from headquarters Zherkv had not remained in the +regiment, saying he was not such a fool as to slave at the front when he +could get more rewards by doing nothing on the staff, and had succeeded +in attaching himself as an orderly officer to Prince Bagratin. He now +came to his former chief with an order from the commander of the rear +guard. + +Colonel, he said, addressing Rostvs enemy with an air of +gloomy gravity and glancing round at his comrades, there is an order +to stop and fire the bridge. + +An order to who? asked the colonel morosely. + +I dont myself know to who, replied the cornet in a +serious tone, but the prince told me to go and tell the colonel +that the hussars must return quickly and fire the bridge. + +Zherkv was followed by an officer of the suite who rode up to the +colonel of hussars with the same order. After him the stout Nesvtski +came galloping up on a Cossack horse that could scarcely carry his +weight. + +Hows this, Colonel? he shouted as he approached. I told you +to fire the bridge, and now someone has gone and blundered they are all +beside themselves over there and one cant make anything out. + +The colonel deliberately stopped the regiment and turned to Nesvtski. + +You spoke to me of inflammable material, said he, but you said +nothing about firing it. + +But, my dear sir, said Nesvtski as he drew up, taking off his +cap and smoothing his hair wet with perspiration with his plump hand, +wasnt I telling you to fire the bridge, when inflammable material +had been put in position? + +I am not your dear sir, Mr. Staff Officer, and you did not tell +me to burn the bridge! I know the service, and it is my habit orders +strictly to obey. You said the bridge would be burned, but who would it +burn, I could not know by the holy spirit! + +Ah, thats always the way! said Nesvtski with a wave of the +hand. How did you get here? said he, turning to Zherkv. + +On the same business. But you are damp! Let me wring you out! + +You were saying, Mr. Staff Officer... continued the colonel in an +offended tone. + +Colonel, interrupted the officer of the suite, You must be +quick or the enemy will bring up his guns to use grapeshot. + +The colonel looked silently at the officer of the suite, at the stout +staff officer, and at Zherkv, and he frowned. + +I will the bridge fire, he said in a solemn tone as if to announce +that in spite of all the unpleasantness he had to endure he would still +do the right thing. + +Striking his horse with his long muscular legs as if it were to blame +for everything, the colonel moved forward and ordered the second +squadron, that in which Rostv was serving under Densov, to return to +the bridge. + +There, its just as I thought, said Rostv to himself. He +wishes to test me! His heart contracted and the blood rushed to his +face. Let him see whether I am a coward! he thought. + +Again on all the bright faces of the squadron the serious expression +appeared that they had worn when under fire. Rostv watched his enemy, +the colonel, closelyto find in his face confirmation of his own +conjecture, but the colonel did not once glance at Rostv, and looked +as he always did when at the front, solemn and stern. Then came the word +of command. + +Look sharp! Look sharp! several voices repeated around him. + +Their sabers catching in the bridles and their spurs jingling, the +hussars hastily dismounted, not knowing what they were to do. The men +were crossing themselves. Rostv no longer looked at the colonel, he +had no time. He was afraid of falling behind the hussars, so much afraid +that his heart stood still. His hand trembled as he gave his horse into +an orderlys charge, and he felt the blood rush to his heart with +a thud. Densov rode past him, leaning back and shouting something. +Rostv saw nothing but the hussars running all around him, their spurs +catching and their sabers clattering. + +Stretchers! shouted someone behind him. + +Rostv did not think what this call for stretchers meant he ran on, +trying only to be ahead of the others but just at the bridge, not +looking at the ground, he came on some sticky, trodden mud, stumbled, +and fell on his hands. The others outstripped him. + +At boss zides, Captain, he heard the voice of the colonel, who, +having ridden ahead, had pulled up his horse near the bridge, with a +triumphant, cheerful face. + +Rostv wiping his muddy hands on his breeches looked at his enemy and +was about to run on, thinking that the farther he went to the front +the better. But Bogdnich, without looking at or recognizing Rostv, +shouted to him + +Whos that running on the middle of the bridge? To the right! Come +back, Cadet! he cried angrily and turning to Densov, who, showing +off his courage, had ridden on to the planks of the bridge + +Why run risks, Captain? You should dismount, he said. + +Oh, every bullet has its billet, answered Vska Densov, turning +in his saddle. + + +Meanwhile Nesvtski, Zherkv, and the officer of the suite were +standing together out of range of the shots, watching, now the small +group of men with yellow shakos, dark-green jackets braided with cord, +and blue riding breeches, who were swarming near the bridge, and then at +what was approaching in the distance from the opposite sidethe blue +uniforms and groups with horses, easily recognizable as artillery. + +Will they burn the bridge or not? Wholl get there first? Will they +get there and fire the bridge or will the French get within grapeshot +range and wipe them out? These were the questions each man of the +troops on the high ground above the bridge involuntarily asked himself +with a sinking heartwatching the bridge and the hussars in the bright +evening light and the blue tunics advancing from the other side with +their bayonets and guns. + +Ugh. The hussars will get it hot! said Nesvtski they are +within grapeshot range now. + +He shouldnt have taken so many men, said the officer of the +suite. + +True enough, answered Nesvtski two smart fellows could have +done the job just as well. + +Ah, your excellency, put in Zherkv, his eyes fixed on the +hussars, but still with that nave air that made it impossible to know +whether he was speaking in jest or in earnest. Ah, your excellency! +How you look at things! Send two men? And who then would give us the +Vladmir medal and ribbon? But now, even if they do get peppered, the +squadron may be recommended for honors and he may get a ribbon. Our +Bogdnich knows how things are done. + +There now! said the officer of the suite, thats +grapeshot. + +He pointed to the French guns, the limbers of which were being detached +and hurriedly removed. + +On the French side, amid the groups with cannon, a cloud of smoke +appeared, then a second and a third almost simultaneously, and at the +moment when the first report was heard a fourth was seen. Then two +reports one after another, and a third. + +Oh! Oh! groaned Nesvtski as if in fierce pain, seizing the +officer of the suite by the arm. Look! A man has fallen! Fallen, +fallen! + +Two, I think. + +If I were Tsar I would never go to war, said Nesvtski, turning +away. + +The French guns were hastily reloaded. The infantry in their blue +uniforms advanced toward the bridge at a run. Smoke appeared again +but at irregular intervals, and grapeshot cracked and rattled onto the +bridge. But this time Nesvtski could not see what was happening there, +as a dense cloud of smoke arose from it. The hussars had succeeded in +setting it on fire and the French batteries were now firing at them, no +longer to hinder them but because the guns were trained and there was +someone to fire at. + +The French had time to fire three rounds of grapeshot before the hussars +got back to their horses. Two were misdirected and the shot went too +high, but the last round fell in the midst of a group of hussars and +knocked three of them over. + +Rostv, absorbed by his relations with Bogdnich, had paused on the +bridge not knowing what to do. There was no one to hew down (as he +had always imagined battles to himself), nor could he help to fire the +bridge because he had not brought any burning straw with him like the +other soldiers. He stood looking about him, when suddenly he heard a +rattle on the bridge as if nuts were being spilt, and the hussar nearest +to him fell against the rails with a groan. Rostv ran up to him with +the others. Again someone shouted, Stretchers! Four men seized the +hussar and began lifting him. + +Oooh! For Christs sake let me alone! cried the wounded man, but +still he was lifted and laid on the stretcher. + +Nicholas Rostv turned away and, as if searching for something, gazed +into the distance, at the waters of the Danube, at the sky, and at the +sun. How beautiful the sky looked how blue, how calm, and how deep! +How bright and glorious was the setting sun! With what soft glitter the +waters of the distant Danube shone. And fairer still were the faraway +blue mountains beyond the river, the nunnery, the mysterious gorges, and +the pine forests veiled in the mist of their summits... There was peace +and happiness... I should wish for nothing else, nothing, if only I +were there, thought Rostv. In myself alone and in that sunshine +there is so much happiness but here... groans, suffering, fear, and +this uncertainty and hurry... Therethey are shouting again, and +again are all running back somewhere, and I shall run with them, and it, +death, is here above me and around... Another instant and I shall never +again see the sun, this water, that gorge!... + +At that instant the sun began to hide behind the clouds, and other +stretchers came into view before Rostv. And the fear of death and of +the stretchers, and love of the sun and of life, all merged into one +feeling of sickening agitation. + +O Lord God! Thou who art in that heaven, save, forgive, and protect +me! Rostv whispered. + +The hussars ran back to the men who held their horses their voices +sounded louder and calmer, the stretchers disappeared from sight. + +Well, fwiend? So youve smelt powdah! shouted Vska Densov +just above his ear. + +Its all over but I am a cowardyes, a coward! thought +Rostv, and sighing deeply he took Rook, his horse, which stood resting +one foot, from the orderly and began to mount. + +Was that grapeshot? he asked Densov. + +Yes and no mistake! cried Densov. You worked like wegular +bwicks and its nasty work! An attacks pleasant work! Hacking +away at the dogs! But this sort of thing is the very devil, with them +shooting at you like a target. + +And Densov rode up to a group that had stopped near Rostv, composed +of the colonel, Nesvtski, Zherkv, and the officer from the suite. + +Well, it seems that no one has noticed, thought Rostv. And this +was true. No one had taken any notice, for everyone knew the sensation +which the cadet under fire for the first time had experienced. + +Heres something for you to report, said Zherkv. See if I +dont get promoted to a sublieutenancy. + +Inform the prince that I the bridge fired! said the colonel +triumphantly and gaily. + +And if he asks about the losses? + +A trifle, said the colonel in his bass voice two hussars +wounded, and one knocked out, he added, unable to restrain a happy +smile, and pronouncing the phrase knocked out with ringing +distinctness. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Pursued by the French army of a hundred thousand men under the command +of Bonaparte, encountering a population that was unfriendly to it, +losing confidence in its allies, suffering from shortness of supplies, +and compelled to act under conditions of war unlike anything that had +been foreseen, the Russian army of thirty-five thousand men commanded +by Kutzov was hurriedly retreating along the Danube, stopping where +overtaken by the enemy and fighting rearguard actions only as far as +necessary to enable it to retreat without losing its heavy equipment. +There had been actions at Lambach, Amstetten, and Melk but despite the +courage and enduranceacknowledged even by the enemywith which the +Russians fought, the only consequence of these actions was a yet more +rapid retreat. Austrian troops that had escaped capture at Ulm and had +joined Kutzov at Braunau now separated from the Russian army, and +Kutzov was left with only his own weak and exhausted forces. The +defense of Vienna was no longer to be thought of. Instead of an +offensive, the plan of which, carefully prepared in accord with the +modern science of strategics, had been handed to Kutzov when he was in +Vienna by the Austrian Hofkriegsrath, the sole and almost unattainable +aim remaining for him was to effect a junction with the forces that were +advancing from Russia, without losing his army as Mack had done at Ulm. + +On the twenty-eighth of October Kutzov with his army crossed to the +left bank of the Danube and took up a position for the first time +with the river between himself and the main body of the French. On the +thirtieth he attacked Mortiers division, which was on the left bank, +and broke it up. In this action for the first time trophies were taken +banners, cannon, and two enemy generals. For the first time, after a +fortnights retreat, the Russian troops had halted and after a fight +had not only held the field but had repulsed the French. Though the +troops were ill-clad, exhausted, and had lost a third of their number +in killed, wounded, sick, and stragglers though a number of sick and +wounded had been abandoned on the other side of the Danube with a letter +in which Kutzov entrusted them to the humanity of the enemy and +though the big hospitals and the houses in Krems converted into military +hospitals could no longer accommodate all the sick and wounded, yet the +stand made at Krems and the victory over Mortier raised the spirits of +the army considerably. Throughout the whole army and at headquarters +most joyful though erroneous rumors were rife of the imaginary approach +of columns from Russia, of some victory gained by the Austrians, and of +the retreat of the frightened Bonaparte. + +Prince Andrew during the battle had been in attendance on the Austrian +General Schmidt, who was killed in the action. His horse had been +wounded under him and his own arm slightly grazed by a bullet. As a mark +of the commander in chiefs special favor he was sent with the news of +this victory to the Austrian court, now no longer at Vienna (which was +threatened by the French) but at Brnn. Despite his apparently delicate +build Prince Andrew could endure physical fatigue far better than many +very muscular men, and on the night of the battle, having arrived +at Krems excited but not weary, with dispatches from Dokhtrov to +Kutzov, he was sent immediately with a special dispatch to Brnn. +To be so sent meant not only a reward but an important step toward +promotion. + +The night was dark but starry, the road showed black in the snow that +had fallen the previous daythe day of the battle. Reviewing his +impressions of the recent battle, picturing pleasantly to himself the +impression his news of a victory would create, or recalling the send-off +given him by the commander in chief and his fellow officers, Prince +Andrew was galloping along in a post chaise enjoying the feelings of a +man who has at length begun to attain a long-desired happiness. As soon +as he closed his eyes his ears seemed filled with the rattle of the +wheels and the sensation of victory. Then he began to imagine that +the Russians were running away and that he himself was killed, but he +quickly roused himself with a feeling of joy, as if learning afresh that +this was not so but that on the contrary the French had run away. He +again recalled all the details of the victory and his own calm courage +during the battle, and feeling reassured he dozed off.... The dark +starry night was followed by a bright cheerful morning. The snow was +thawing in the sunshine, the horses galloped quickly, and on both sides +of the road were forests of different kinds, fields, and villages. + +At one of the post stations he overtook a convoy of Russian wounded. +The Russian officer in charge of the transport lolled back in the front +cart, shouting and scolding a soldier with coarse abuse. In each of +the long German carts six or more pale, dirty, bandaged men were being +jolted over the stony road. Some of them were talking (he heard Russian +words), others were eating bread the more severely wounded looked +silently, with the languid interest of sick children, at the envoy +hurrying past them. + +Prince Andrew told his driver to stop, and asked a soldier in what +action they had been wounded. Day before yesterday, on the Danube, +answered the soldier. Prince Andrew took out his purse and gave the +soldier three gold pieces. + +Thats for them all, he said to the officer who came up. + +Get well soon, lads! he continued, turning to the soldiers. +Theres plenty to do still. + +What news, sir? asked the officer, evidently anxious to start a +conversation. + +Good news!... Go on! he shouted to the driver, and they galloped +on. + +It was already quite dark when Prince Andrew rattled over the paved +streets of Brnn and found himself surrounded by high buildings, the +lights of shops, houses, and street lamps, fine carriages, and all that +atmosphere of a large and active town which is always so attractive to a +soldier after camp life. Despite his rapid journey and sleepless night, +Prince Andrew when he drove up to the palace felt even more vigorous and +alert than he had done the day before. Only his eyes gleamed feverishly +and his thoughts followed one another with extraordinary clearness and +rapidity. He again vividly recalled the details of the battle, no longer +dim, but definite and in the concise form in which he imagined himself +stating them to the Emperor Francis. He vividly imagined the casual +questions that might be put to him and the answers he would give. He +expected to be at once presented to the Emperor. At the chief entrance +to the palace, however, an official came running out to meet him, and +learning that he was a special messenger led him to another entrance. + +To the right from the corridor, Euer Hochgeboren! There you will find +the adjutant on duty, said the official. He will conduct you to +the Minister of War. + +The adjutant on duty, meeting Prince Andrew, asked him to wait, and went +in to the Minister of War. Five minutes later he returned and bowing +with particular courtesy ushered Prince Andrew before him along a +corridor to the cabinet where the Minister of War was at work. The +adjutant by his elaborate courtesy appeared to wish to ward off any +attempt at familiarity on the part of the Russian messenger. + +Prince Andrews joyous feeling was considerably weakened as he +approached the door of the ministers room. He felt offended, and +without his noticing it the feeling of offense immediately turned into +one of disdain which was quite uncalled for. His fertile mind instantly +suggested to him a point of view which gave him a right to despise +the adjutant and the minister. Away from the smell of powder, they +probably think it easy to gain victories! he thought. His eyes +narrowed disdainfully, he entered the room of the Minister of War with +peculiarly deliberate steps. This feeling of disdain was heightened +when he saw the minister seated at a large table reading some papers +and making pencil notes on them, and for the first two or three minutes +taking no notice of his arrival. A wax candle stood at each side of the +ministers bent bald head with its gray temples. He went on reading +to the end, without raising his eyes at the opening of the door and the +sound of footsteps. + +Take this and deliver it, said he to his adjutant, handing him the +papers and still taking no notice of the special messenger. + +Prince Andrew felt that either the actions of Kutzovs army +interested the Minister of War less than any of the other matters he was +concerned with, or he wanted to give the Russian special messenger that +impression. But that is a matter of perfect indifference to me, he +thought. The minister drew the remaining papers together, arranged them +evenly, and then raised his head. He had an intellectual and distinctive +head, but the instant he turned to Prince Andrew the firm, intelligent +expression on his face changed in a way evidently deliberate and +habitual to him. His face took on the stupid artificial smile (which +does not even attempt to hide its artificiality) of a man who is +continually receiving many petitioners one after another. + +From General Field Marshal Kutzov? he asked. I hope it is +good news? There has been an encounter with Mortier? A victory? It was +high time! + +He took the dispatch which was addressed to him and began to read it +with a mournful expression. + +Oh, my God! My God! Schmidt! he exclaimed in German. What a +calamity! What a calamity! + +Having glanced through the dispatch he laid it on the table and looked +at Prince Andrew, evidently considering something. + +Ah what a calamity! You say the affair was decisive? But Mortier is +not captured. Again he pondered. I am very glad you have brought +good news, though Schmidts death is a heavy price to pay for the +victory. His Majesty will no doubt wish to see you, but not today. I +thank you! You must have a rest. Be at the levee tomorrow after the +parade. However, I will let you know. + +The stupid smile, which had left his face while he was speaking, +reappeared. + +Au revoir! Thank you very much. His Majesty will probably desire to +see you, he added, bowing his head. + +When Prince Andrew left the palace he felt that all the interest +and happiness the victory had afforded him had been now left in the +indifferent hands of the Minister of War and the polite adjutant. The +whole tenor of his thoughts instantaneously changed the battle seemed +the memory of a remote event long past. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Prince Andrew stayed at Brnn with Bilbin, a Russian acquaintance of +his in the diplomatic service. + +Ah, my dear prince! I could not have a more welcome visitor, +said Bilbin as he came out to meet Prince Andrew. Franz, put the +princes things in my bedroom, said he to the servant who was +ushering Bolknski in. So youre a messenger of victory, eh? +Splendid! And I am sitting here ill, as you see. + +After washing and dressing, Prince Andrew came into the diplomats +luxurious study and sat down to the dinner prepared for him. Bilbin +settled down comfortably beside the fire. + +After his journey and the campaign during which he had been deprived of +all the comforts of cleanliness and all the refinements of life, Prince +Andrew felt a pleasant sense of repose among luxurious surroundings such +as he had been accustomed to from childhood. Besides it was pleasant, +after his reception by the Austrians, to speak if not in Russian +(for they were speaking French) at least with a Russian who would, he +supposed, share the general Russian antipathy to the Austrians which was +then particularly strong. + +Bilbin was a man of thirty-five, a bachelor, and of the same circle as +Prince Andrew. They had known each other previously in Petersburg, but +had become more intimate when Prince Andrew was in Vienna with Kutzov. +Just as Prince Andrew was a young man who gave promise of rising high +in the military profession, so to an even greater extent Bilbin gave +promise of rising in his diplomatic career. He was still a young man but +no longer a young diplomat, as he had entered the service at the age +of sixteen, had been in Paris and Copenhagen, and now held a rather +important post in Vienna. Both the foreign minister and our ambassador +in Vienna knew him and valued him. He was not one of those many +diplomats who are esteemed because they have certain negative qualities, +avoid doing certain things, and speak French. He was one of those, +who, liking work, knew how to do it, and despite his indolence would +sometimes spend a whole night at his writing table. He worked well +whatever the import of his work. It was not the question What for? +but the question How? that interested him. What the diplomatic +matter might be he did not care, but it gave him great pleasure to +prepare a circular, memorandum, or report, skillfully, pointedly, and +elegantly. Bilbins services were valued not only for what he wrote, +but also for his skill in dealing and conversing with those in the +highest spheres. + +Bilbin liked conversation as he liked work, only when it could be +made elegantly witty. In society he always awaited an opportunity to say +something striking and took part in a conversation only when that was +possible. His conversation was always sprinkled with wittily original, +finished phrases of general interest. These sayings were prepared in the +inner laboratory of his mind in a portable form as if intentionally, so +that insignificant society people might carry them from drawing room to +drawing room. And, in fact, Bilbins witticisms were hawked about +in the Viennese drawing rooms and often had an influence on matters +considered important. + +His thin, worn, sallow face was covered with deep wrinkles, which always +looked as clean and well washed as the tips of ones fingers after a +Russian bath. The movement of these wrinkles formed the principal play +of expression on his face. Now his forehead would pucker into deep folds +and his eyebrows were lifted, then his eyebrows would descend and +deep wrinkles would crease his cheeks. His small, deep-set eyes always +twinkled and looked out straight. + +Well, now tell me about your exploits, said he. + +Bolknski, very modestly without once mentioning himself, described the +engagement and his reception by the Minister of War. + +They received me and my news as one receives a dog in a game of +skittles, said he in conclusion. + +Bilbin smiled and the wrinkles on his face disappeared. + +Cependant, mon cher, he remarked, examining his nails from a +distance and puckering the skin above his left eye, malgr la haute +estime que je professe pour the Orthodox Russian army, javoue que +votre victoire nest pas des plus victorieuses. * + + * But my dear fellow, with all my respect for the Orthodox + Russian army, I must say that your victory was not + particularly victorious. + + +He went on talking in this way in French, uttering only those words in +Russian on which he wished to put a contemptuous emphasis. + +Come now! You with all your forces fall on the unfortunate Mortier +and his one division, and even then Mortier slips through your fingers! +Wheres the victory? + +But seriously, said Prince Andrew, we can at any rate say +without boasting that it was a little better than at Ulm... + +Why didnt you capture one, just one, marshal for us? + +Because not everything happens as one expects or with the smoothness +of a parade. We had expected, as I told you, to get at their rear by +seven in the morning but had not reached it by five in the afternoon. + +And why didnt you do it at seven in the morning? You ought to have +been there at seven in the morning, returned Bilbin with a smile. +You ought to have been there at seven in the morning. + +Why did you not succeed in impressing on Bonaparte by diplomatic +methods that he had better leave Genoa alone? retorted Prince Andrew +in the same tone. + +I know, interrupted Bilbin, youre thinking its very +easy to take marshals, sitting on a sofa by the fire! That is true, but +still why didnt you capture him? So dont be surprised if not only +the Minister of War but also his Most August Majesty the Emperor and +King Francis is not much delighted by your victory. Even I, a poor +secretary of the Russian Embassy, do not feel any need in token of my +joy to give my Franz a thaler, or let him go with his Liebchen to the +Prater... True, we have no Prater here... + +He looked straight at Prince Andrew and suddenly unwrinkled his +forehead. + +It is now my turn to ask you why? mon cher, said Bolknski. +I confess I do not understand perhaps there are diplomatic +subtleties here beyond my feeble intelligence, but I cant make it +out. Mack loses a whole army, the Archduke Ferdinand and the Archduke +Karl give no signs of life and make blunder after blunder. Kutzov +alone at last gains a real victory, destroying the spell of the +invincibility of the French, and the Minister of War does not even care +to hear the details. + +Thats just it, my dear fellow. You see its hurrah for the Tsar, +for Russia, for the Orthodox Greek faith! All that is beautiful, but +what do we, I mean the Austrian court, care for your victories? Bring +us nice news of a victory by the Archduke Karl or Ferdinand (one +archdukes as good as another, as you know) and even if it is only +over a fire brigade of Bonapartes, that will be another story and +well fire off some cannon! But this sort of thing seems done +on purpose to vex us. The Archduke Karl does nothing, the Archduke +Ferdinand disgraces himself. You abandon Vienna, give up its +defenseas much as to say Heaven is with us, but heaven help you +and your capital! The one general whom we all loved, Schmidt, you +expose to a bullet, and then you congratulate us on the victory! Admit +that more irritating news than yours could not have been conceived. +Its as if it had been done on purpose, on purpose. Besides, suppose +you did gain a brilliant victory, if even the Archduke Karl gained a +victory, what effect would that have on the general course of events? +Its too late now when Vienna is occupied by the French army! + +What? Occupied? Vienna occupied? + +Not only occupied, but Bonaparte is at Schnbrunn, and the count, +our dear Count Vrbna, goes to him for orders. + +After the fatigues and impressions of the journey, his reception, and +especially after having dined, Bolknski felt that he could not take in +the full significance of the words he heard. + +Count Lichtenfels was here this morning, Bilbin continued, +and showed me a letter in which the parade of the French in Vienna +was fully described Prince Murat et tout le tremblement... You see that +your victory is not a matter for great rejoicing and that you cant be +received as a savior. + +Really I dont care about that, I dont care at all, said +Prince Andrew, beginning to understand that his news of the battle +before Krems was really of small importance in view of such events as +the fall of Austrias capital. How is it Vienna was taken? What of +the bridge and its celebrated bridgehead and Prince Auersperg? We heard +reports that Prince Auersperg was defending Vienna? he said. + +Prince Auersperg is on this, on our side of the river, and is +defending usdoing it very badly, I think, but still he is defending +us. But Vienna is on the other side. No, the bridge has not yet been +taken and I hope it will not be, for it is mined and orders have been +given to blow it up. Otherwise we should long ago have been in the +mountains of Bohemia, and you and your army would have spent a bad +quarter of an hour between two fires. + +But still this does not mean that the campaign is over, said +Prince Andrew. + +Well, I think it is. The bigwigs here think so too, but they +darent say so. It will be as I said at the beginning of the campaign, +it wont be your skirmishing at Drrenstein, or gunpowder at all, +that will decide the matter, but those who devised it, said Bilbin +quoting one of his own mots, releasing the wrinkles on his forehead, and +pausing. The only question is what will come of the meeting between +the Emperor Alexander and the King of Prussia in Berlin? If Prussia +joins the Allies, Austrias hand will be forced and there will be war. +If not it is merely a question of settling where the preliminaries of +the new Campo Formio are to be drawn up. + +What an extraordinary genius! Prince Andrew suddenly exclaimed, +clenching his small hand and striking the table with it, and what +luck the man has! + +Buonaparte? said Bilbin inquiringly, puckering up his forehead +to indicate that he was about to say something witty. Buonaparte? +he repeated, accentuating the u I think, however, now that he lays +down laws for Austria at Schnbrunn, il faut lui faire grce de +lu! * I shall certainly adopt an innovation and call him simply +Bonaparte! + + * We must let him off the u! + + +But joking apart, said Prince Andrew, do you really think the +campaign is over? + +This is what I think. Austria has been made a fool of, and she is +not used to it. She will retaliate. And she has been fooled in the +first place because her provinces have been pillagedthey say the Holy +Russian army loots terriblyher army is destroyed, her capital +taken, and all this for the beaux yeux * of His Sardinian Majesty. And +thereforethis is between ourselvesI instinctively feel that we +are being deceived, my instinct tells me of negotiations with France and +projects for peace, a secret peace concluded separately. + + * Fine eyes. + +Impossible! cried Prince Andrew. That would be too base. + +If we live we shall see, replied Bilbin, his face again becoming +smooth as a sign that the conversation was at an end. + +When Prince Andrew reached the room prepared for him and lay down in a +clean shirt on the feather bed with its warmed and fragrant pillows, he +felt that the battle of which he had brought tidings was far, far +away from him. The alliance with Prussia, Austrias treachery, +Bonapartes new triumph, tomorrows levee and parade, and the +audience with the Emperor Francis occupied his thoughts. + +He closed his eyes, and immediately a sound of cannonading, of musketry +and the rattling of carriage wheels seemed to fill his ears, and now +again drawn out in a thin line the musketeers were descending the hill, +the French were firing, and he felt his heart palpitating as he rode +forward beside Schmidt with the bullets merrily whistling all around, +and he experienced tenfold the joy of living, as he had not done since +childhood. + +He woke up... + +Yes, that all happened! he said, and, smiling happily to himself +like a child, he fell into a deep, youthful slumber. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Next day he woke late. Recalling his recent impressions, the first +thought that came into his mind was that today he had to be presented +to the Emperor Francis he remembered the Minister of War, the polite +Austrian adjutant, Bilbin, and last nights conversation. Having +dressed for his attendance at court in full parade uniform, which he +had not worn for a long time, he went into Bilbins study fresh, +animated, and handsome, with his hand bandaged. In the study were four +gentlemen of the diplomatic corps. With Prince Hippolyte Kurgin, +who was a secretary to the embassy, Bolknski was already acquainted. +Bilbin introduced him to the others. + +The gentlemen assembled at Bilbins were young, wealthy, gay society +men, who here, as in Vienna, formed a special set which Bilbin, their +leader, called les ntres. * This set, consisting almost exclusively of +diplomats, evidently had its own interests which had nothing to do with +war or politics but related to high society, to certain women, and to +the official side of the service. These gentlemen received Prince +Andrew as one of themselves, an honor they did not extend to many. From +politeness and to start conversation, they asked him a few questions +about the army and the battle, and then the talk went off into merry +jests and gossip. + + * Ours. + +But the best of it was, said one, telling of the misfortune of +a fellow diplomat, that the Chancellor told him flatly that his +appointment to London was a promotion and that he was so to regard it. +Can you fancy the figure he cut?... + +But the worst of it, gentlemenI am giving Kurgin away to +youis that that man suffers, and this Don Juan, wicked fellow, is +taking advantage of it! + +Prince Hippolyte was lolling in a lounge chair with his legs over its +arm. He began to laugh. + +Tell me about that! he said. + +Oh, you Don Juan! You serpent! cried several voices. + +You, Bolknski, dont know, said Bilbin turning to Prince +Andrew, that all the atrocities of the French army (I nearly said of +the Russian army) are nothing compared to what this man has been doing +among the women! + +La femme est la compagne de lhomme, * announced Prince +Hippolyte, and began looking through a lorgnette at his elevated legs. + + * Woman is mans companion. + + +Bilbin and the rest of ours burst out laughing in Hippolytes +face, and Prince Andrew saw that Hippolyte, of whomhe had to +admithe had almost been jealous on his wifes account, was the butt +of this set. + +Oh, I must give you a treat, Bilbin whispered to Bolknski. +Kurgin is exquisite when he discusses politicsyou should see his +gravity! + +He sat down beside Hippolyte and wrinkling his forehead began talking +to him about politics. Prince Andrew and the others gathered round these +two. + +The Berlin cabinet cannot express a feeling of alliance, began +Hippolyte gazing round with importance at the others, without +expressing... as in its last note... you understand... Besides, unless +His Majesty the Emperor derogates from the principle of our alliance... + +Wait, I have not finished... he said to Prince Andrew, seizing +him by the arm, I believe that intervention will be stronger than +nonintervention. And... he paused. Finally one cannot impute the +nonreceipt of our dispatch of November 18. That is how it will end. +And he released Bolknskis arm to indicate that he had now quite +finished. + +Demosthenes, I know thee by the pebble thou secretest in thy golden +mouth! said Bilbin, and the mop of hair on his head moved with +satisfaction. + +Everybody laughed, and Hippolyte louder than anyone. He was evidently +distressed, and breathed painfully, but could not restrain the wild +laughter that convulsed his usually impassive features. + +Well now, gentlemen, said Bilbin, Bolknski is my guest in +this house and in Brnn itself. I want to entertain him as far as I +can, with all the pleasures of life here. If we were in Vienna it would +be easy, but here, in this wretched Moravian hole, it is more difficult, +and I beg you all to help me. Brnns attractions must be shown him. +You can undertake the theater, I society, and you, Hippolyte, of course +the women. + +We must let him see Amelie, shes exquisite! said one of +ours, kissing his finger tips. + +In general we must turn this bloodthirsty soldier to more humane +interests, said Bilbin. + +I shall scarcely be able to avail myself of your hospitality, +gentlemen, it is already time for me to go, replied Prince Andrew +looking at his watch. + +Where to? + +To the Emperor. + +Oh! Oh! Oh! + +Well, au revoir, Bolknski! Au revoir, Prince! Come back early to +dinner, cried several voices. Well take you in hand. + +When speaking to the Emperor, try as far as you can to praise the way +that provisions are supplied and the routes indicated, said Bilbin, +accompanying him to the hall. + +I should like to speak well of them, but as far as I know the facts, +I cant, replied Bolknski, smiling. + +Well, talk as much as you can, anyway. He has a passion for giving +audiences, but he does not like talking himself and cant do it, as +you will see. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +At the levee Prince Andrew stood among the Austrian officers as he had +been told to, and the Emperor Francis merely looked fixedly into his +face and just nodded to him with his long head. But after it was +over, the adjutant he had seen the previous day ceremoniously informed +Bolknski that the Emperor desired to give him an audience. The Emperor +Francis received him standing in the middle of the room. Before the +conversation began Prince Andrew was struck by the fact that the Emperor +seemed confused and blushed as if not knowing what to say. + +Tell me, when did the battle begin? he asked hurriedly. + +Prince Andrew replied. Then followed other questions just as simple +Was Kutzov well? When had he left Krems? and so on. The Emperor +spoke as if his sole aim were to put a given number of questionsthe +answers to these questions, as was only too evident, did not interest +him. + +At what oclock did the battle begin? asked the Emperor. + +I cannot inform Your Majesty at what oclock the battle began at +the front, but at Drrenstein, where I was, our attack began after +five in the afternoon, replied Bolknski growing more animated and +expecting that he would have a chance to give a reliable account, which +he had ready in his mind, of all he knew and had seen. But the Emperor +smiled and interrupted him. + +How many miles? + +From where to where, Your Majesty? + +From Drrenstein to Krems. + +Three and a half miles, Your Majesty. + +The French have abandoned the left bank? + +According to the scouts the last of them crossed on rafts during the +night. + +Is there sufficient forage in Krems? + +Forage has not been supplied to the extent... + +The Emperor interrupted him. + +At what oclock was General Schmidt killed? + +At seven oclock, I believe. + +At seven oclock? Its very sad, very sad! + +The Emperor thanked Prince Andrew and bowed. Prince Andrew withdrew and +was immediately surrounded by courtiers on all sides. Everywhere he +saw friendly looks and heard friendly words. Yesterdays adjutant +reproached him for not having stayed at the palace, and offered him +his own house. The Minister of War came up and congratulated him on the +Maria Theresa Order of the third grade, which the Emperor was conferring +on him. The Empress chamberlain invited him to see Her Majesty. The +archduchess also wished to see him. He did not know whom to answer, and +for a few seconds collected his thoughts. Then the Russian ambassador +took him by the shoulder, led him to the window, and began to talk to +him. + +Contrary to Bilbins forecast the news he had brought was joyfully +received. A thanksgiving service was arranged, Kutzov was awarded +the Grand Cross of Maria Theresa, and the whole army received rewards. +Bolknski was invited everywhere, and had to spend the whole morning +calling on the principal Austrian dignitaries. Between four and five +in the afternoon, having made all his calls, he was returning to +Bilbins house thinking out a letter to his father about the battle +and his visit to Brnn. At the door he found a vehicle half full of +luggage. Franz, Bilbins man, was dragging a portmanteau with some +difficulty out of the front door. + +Before returning to Bilbins Prince Andrew had gone to a bookshop +to provide himself with some books for the campaign, and had spent some +time in the shop. + +What is it? he asked. + +Oh, your excellency! said Franz, with difficulty rolling the +portmanteau into the vehicle, we are to move on still farther. The +scoundrel is again at our heels! + +Eh? What? asked Prince Andrew. + +Bilbin came out to meet him. His usually calm face showed excitement. + +There now! Confess that this is delightful, said he. This +affair of the Thabor Bridge, at Vienna.... They have crossed without +striking a blow! + +Prince Andrew could not understand. + +But where do you come from not to know what every coachman in the +town knows? + +I come from the archduchess. I heard nothing there. + +And you didnt see that everybody is packing up? + +I did not... What is it all about? inquired Prince Andrew +impatiently. + +Whats it all about? Why, the French have crossed the bridge that +Auersperg was defending, and the bridge was not blown up so Murat +is now rushing along the road to Brnn and will be here in a day or +two. + +What? Here? But why did they not blow up the bridge, if it was +mined? + +That is what I ask you. No one, not even Bonaparte, knows why. + +Bolknski shrugged his shoulders. + +But if the bridge is crossed it means that the army too is lost? It +will be cut off, said he. + +Thats just it, answered Bilbin. Listen! The French entered +Vienna as I told you. Very well. Next day, which was yesterday, those +gentlemen, messieurs les marchaux, * Murat, Lannes, and Belliard, +mount and ride to the bridge. (Observe that all three are Gascons.) +Gentlemen, says one of them, you know the Thabor Bridge is +mined and doubly mined and that there are menacing fortifications at its +head and an army of fifteen thousand men has been ordered to blow up +the bridge and not let us cross? But it will please our sovereign the +Emperor Napoleon if we take this bridge, so let us three go and take +it! Yes, lets! say the others. And off they go and take the +bridge, cross it, and now with their whole army are on this side of the +Danube, marching on us, you, and your lines of communication. + + * The marshalls. + +Stop jesting, said Prince Andrew sadly and seriously. This news +grieved him and yet he was pleased. + +As soon as he learned that the Russian army was in such a hopeless +situation it occurred to him that it was he who was destined to lead it +out of this position that here was the Toulon that would lift him from +the ranks of obscure officers and offer him the first step to fame! +Listening to Bilbin he was already imagining how on reaching the army +he would give an opinion at the war council which would be the only one +that could save the army, and how he alone would be entrusted with the +executing of the plan. + +Stop this jesting, he said. + +I am not jesting, Bilbin went on. Nothing is truer or sadder. +These gentlemen ride onto the bridge alone and wave white handkerchiefs +they assure the officer on duty that they, the marshals, are on +their way to negotiate with Prince Auersperg. He lets them enter the +tte-de-pont. * They spin him a thousand gasconades, saying that +the war is over, that the Emperor Francis is arranging a meeting with +Bonaparte, that they desire to see Prince Auersperg, and so on. The +officer sends for Auersperg these gentlemen embrace the officers, crack +jokes, sit on the cannon, and meanwhile a French battalion gets to +the bridge unobserved, flings the bags of incendiary material into +the water, and approaches the tte-de-pont. At length appears the +lieutenant general, our dear Prince Auersperg von Mautern himself. +Dearest foe! Flower of the Austrian army, hero of the Turkish wars! +Hostilities are ended, we can shake one anothers hand.... The +Emperor Napoleon burns with impatience to make Prince Auerspergs +acquaintance. In a word, those gentlemen, Gascons indeed, so +bewildered him with fine words, and he is so flattered by his rapidly +established intimacy with the French marshals, and so dazzled by the +sight of Murats mantle and ostrich plumes, quil ny voit que du +feu, et oublie celui quil devait faire faire sur lennemi! *(2) +In spite of the animation of his speech, Bilbin did not forget to +pause after this mot to give time for its due appreciation. The +French battalion rushes to the bridgehead, spikes the guns, and the +bridge is taken! But what is best of all, he went on, his excitement +subsiding under the delightful interest of his own story, is that the +sergeant in charge of the cannon which was to give the signal to fire +the mines and blow up the bridge, this sergeant, seeing that the French +troops were running onto the bridge, was about to fire, but Lannes +stayed his hand. The sergeant, who was evidently wiser than his general, +goes up to Auersperg and says Prince, you are being deceived, here +are the French! Murat, seeing that all is lost if the sergeant is +allowed to speak, turns to Auersperg with feigned astonishment (he is a +true Gascon) and says I dont recognize the world-famous Austrian +discipline, if you allow a subordinate to address you like that! It +was a stroke of genius. Prince Auersperg feels his dignity at stake and +orders the sergeant to be arrested. Come, you must own that this affair +of the Thabor Bridge is delightful! It is not exactly stupidity, nor +rascality.... + + * Bridgehead. + + * (2) That their fire gets into his eyes and he forgets that + he ought to be firing at the enemy. + +It may be treachery, said Prince Andrew, vividly imagining the +gray overcoats, wounds, the smoke of gunpowder, the sounds of firing, +and the glory that awaited him. + +Not that either. That puts the court in too bad a light, replied +Bilbin. Its not treachery nor rascality nor stupidity it is +just as at Ulm... it is...he seemed to be trying to find the right +expression. Cest... cest du Mack. Nous sommes macks (It is... +it is a bit of Mack. We are Macked), he concluded, feeling that he +had produced a good epigram, a fresh one that would be repeated. His +hitherto puckered brow became smooth as a sign of pleasure, and with a +slight smile he began to examine his nails. + +Where are you off to? he said suddenly to Prince Andrew who had +risen and was going toward his room. + +I am going away. + +Where to? + +To the army. + +But you meant to stay another two days? + +But now I am off at once. + +And Prince Andrew after giving directions about his departure went to +his room. + +Do you know, mon cher, said Bilbin following him, I have been +thinking about you. Why are you going? + +And in proof of the conclusiveness of his opinion all the wrinkles +vanished from his face. + +Prince Andrew looked inquiringly at him and gave no reply. + +Why are you going? I know you think it your duty to gallop back to +the army now that it is in danger. I understand that. Mon cher, it is +heroism! + +Not at all, said Prince Andrew. + +But as you are a philosopher, be a consistent one, look at the other +side of the question and you will see that your duty, on the contrary, +is to take care of yourself. Leave it to those who are no longer fit for +anything else.... You have not been ordered to return and have not been +dismissed from here therefore, you can stay and go with us wherever our +ill luck takes us. They say we are going to Olmtz, and Olmtz is a +very decent town. You and I will travel comfortably in my calche. + +Do stop joking, Bilbin, cried Bolknski. + +I am speaking sincerely as a friend! Consider! Where and why are +you going, when you might remain here? You are faced by one of two +things, and the skin over his left temple puckered, either you +will not reach your regiment before peace is concluded, or you will +share defeat and disgrace with Kutzovs whole army. + +And Bilbin unwrinkled his temple, feeling that the dilemma was +insoluble. + +I cannot argue about it, replied Prince Andrew coldly, but he +thought I am going to save the army. + +My dear fellow, you are a hero! said Bilbin. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +That same night, having taken leave of the Minister of War, Bolknski +set off to rejoin the army, not knowing where he would find it and +fearing to be captured by the French on the way to Krems. + +In Brnn everybody attached to the court was packing up, and the heavy +baggage was already being dispatched to Olmtz. Near Hetzelsdorf Prince +Andrew struck the high road along which the Russian army was moving with +great haste and in the greatest disorder. The road was so obstructed +with carts that it was impossible to get by in a carriage. Prince Andrew +took a horse and a Cossack from a Cossack commander, and hungry and +weary, making his way past the baggage wagons, rode in search of the +commander in chief and of his own luggage. Very sinister reports of the +position of the army reached him as he went along, and the appearance of +the troops in their disorderly flight confirmed these rumors. + +Cette arme russe que lor de lAngleterre a transporte des +extrmits de lunivers, nous allons lui faire prouver le mme +sort(le sort de larme dUlm). * He remembered these words +in Bonapartes address to his army at the beginning of the campaign, +and they awoke in him astonishment at the genius of his hero, a feeling +of wounded pride, and a hope of glory. And should there be nothing +left but to die? he thought. Well, if need be, I shall do it no +worse than others. + + * That Russian army which has been brought from the ends of + the earth by English gold, we shall cause to share the same + fate(the fate of the army at Ulm). + + +He looked with disdain at the endless confused mass of detachments, +carts, guns, artillery, and again baggage wagons and vehicles of all +kinds overtaking one another and blocking the muddy road, three and +sometimes four abreast. From all sides, behind and before, as far as ear +could reach, there were the rattle of wheels, the creaking of carts +and gun carriages, the tramp of horses, the crack of whips, shouts, the +urging of horses, and the swearing of soldiers, orderlies, and officers. +All along the sides of the road fallen horses were to be seen, some +flayed, some not, and broken-down carts beside which solitary soldiers +sat waiting for something, and again soldiers straggling from their +companies, crowds of whom set off to the neighboring villages, or +returned from them dragging sheep, fowls, hay, and bulging sacks. At +each ascent or descent of the road the crowds were yet denser and the +din of shouting more incessant. Soldiers floundering knee-deep in mud +pushed the guns and wagons themselves. Whips cracked, hoofs slipped, +traces broke, and lungs were strained with shouting. The officers +directing the march rode backward and forward between the carts. Their +voices were but feebly heard amid the uproar and one saw by their faces +that they despaired of the possibility of checking this disorder. + +Here is our dear Orthodox Russian army, thought Bolknski, +recalling Bilbins words. + +Wishing to find out where the commander in chief was, he rode up to +a convoy. Directly opposite to him came a strange one-horse vehicle, +evidently rigged up by soldiers out of any available materials and +looking like something between a cart, a cabriolet, and a calche. +A soldier was driving, and a woman enveloped in shawls sat behind the +apron under the leather hood of the vehicle. Prince Andrew rode up +and was just putting his question to a soldier when his attention +was diverted by the desperate shrieks of the woman in the vehicle. An +officer in charge of transport was beating the soldier who was driving +the womans vehicle for trying to get ahead of others, and the strokes +of his whip fell on the apron of the equipage. The woman screamed +piercingly. Seeing Prince Andrew she leaned out from behind the apron +and, waving her thin arms from under the woolen shawl, cried + +Mr. Aide-de-camp! Mr. Aide-de-camp!... For heavens sake... Protect +me! What will become of us? I am the wife of the doctor of the Seventh +Chasseurs.... They wont let us pass, we are left behind and have lost +our people... + +Ill flatten you into a pancake! shouted the angry officer to +the soldier. Turn back with your slut! + +Mr. Aide-de-camp! Help me!... What does it all mean? screamed the +doctors wife. + +Kindly let this cart pass. Dont you see its a woman? said +Prince Andrew riding up to the officer. + +The officer glanced at him, and without replying turned again to the +soldier. Ill teach you to push on!... Back! + +Let them pass, I tell you! repeated Prince Andrew, compressing his +lips. + +And who are you? cried the officer, turning on him with tipsy +rage, who are you? Are you in command here? Eh? I am commander here, +not you! Go back or Ill flatten you into a pancake, repeated he. +This expression evidently pleased him. + +That was a nice snub for the little aide-de-camp, came a voice +from behind. + +Prince Andrew saw that the officer was in that state of senseless, +tipsy rage when a man does not know what he is saying. He saw that his +championship of the doctors wife in her queer trap might expose him +to what he dreaded more than anything in the worldto ridicule but +his instinct urged him on. Before the officer finished his sentence +Prince Andrew, his face distorted with fury, rode up to him and raised +his riding whip. + +Kind...ly letthempass! + +The officer flourished his arm and hastily rode away. + +Its all the fault of these fellows on the staff that theres +this disorder, he muttered. Do as you like. + +Prince Andrew without lifting his eyes rode hastily away from the +doctors wife, who was calling him her deliverer, and recalling with +a sense of disgust the minutest details of this humiliating scene he +galloped on to the village where he was told that the commander in chief +was. + +On reaching the village he dismounted and went to the nearest house, +intending to rest if but for a moment, eat something, and try to sort +out the stinging and tormenting thoughts that confused his mind. This +is a mob of scoundrels and not an army, he was thinking as he went +up to the window of the first house, when a familiar voice called him by +name. + +He turned round. Nesvtskis handsome face looked out of the little +window. Nesvtski, moving his moist lips as he chewed something, and +flourishing his arm, called him to enter. + +Bolknski! Bolknski!... Dont you hear? Eh? Come quick... he +shouted. + +Entering the house, Prince Andrew saw Nesvtski and another adjutant +having something to eat. They hastily turned round to him asking if he +had any news. On their familiar faces he read agitation and alarm. +This was particularly noticeable on Nesvtskis usually laughing +countenance. + +Where is the commander in chief? asked Bolknski. + +Here, in that house, answered the adjutant. + +Well, is it true that its peace and capitulation? asked +Nesvtski. + +I was going to ask you. I know nothing except that it was all I could +do to get here. + +And we, my dear boy! Its terrible! I was wrong to laugh at Mack, +were getting it still worse, said Nesvtski. But sit down and +have something to eat. + +You wont be able to find either your baggage or anything else now, +Prince. And God only knows where your man Peter is, said the other +adjutant. + +Where are headquarters? + +We are to spend the night in Znaim. + +Well, I have got all I need into packs for two horses, said +Nesvtski. Theyve made up splendid packs for mefit to cross +the Bohemian mountains with. Its a bad lookout, old fellow! But +whats the matter with you? You must be ill to shiver like that, he +added, noticing that Prince Andrew winced as at an electric shock. + +Its nothing, replied Prince Andrew. + +He had just remembered his recent encounter with the doctors wife and +the convoy officer. + +What is the commander in chief doing here? he asked. + +I cant make out at all, said Nesvtski. + +Well, all I can make out is that everything is abominable, +abominable, quite abominable! said Prince Andrew, and he went off to +the house where the commander in chief was. + +Passing by Kutzovs carriage and the exhausted saddle horses of +his suite, with their Cossacks who were talking loudly together, Prince +Andrew entered the passage. Kutzov himself, he was told, was in the +house with Prince Bagratin and Weyrother. Weyrother was the Austrian +general who had succeeded Schmidt. In the passage little Kozlvski was +squatting on his heels in front of a clerk. The clerk, with cuffs turned +up, was hastily writing at a tub turned bottom upwards. Kozlvskis +face looked wornhe too had evidently not slept all night. He glanced +at Prince Andrew and did not even nod to him. + +Second line... have you written it? he continued dictating to the +clerk. The Kiev Grenadiers, Podolian... + +One cant write so fast, your honor, said the clerk, glancing +angrily and disrespectfully at Kozlvski. + +Through the door came the sounds of Kutzovs voice, excited and +dissatisfied, interrupted by another, an unfamiliar voice. From the +sound of these voices, the inattentive way Kozlvski looked at him, the +disrespectful manner of the exhausted clerk, the fact that the clerk and +Kozlvski were squatting on the floor by a tub so near to the commander +in chief, and from the noisy laughter of the Cossacks holding the +horses near the window, Prince Andrew felt that something important and +disastrous was about to happen. + +He turned to Kozlvski with urgent questions. + +Immediately, Prince, said Kozlvski. Dispositions for +Bagratin. + +What about capitulation? + +Nothing of the sort. Orders are issued for a battle. + +Prince Andrew moved toward the door from whence voices were heard. +Just as he was going to open it the sounds ceased, the door opened, and +Kutzov with his eagle nose and puffy face appeared in the doorway. +Prince Andrew stood right in front of Kutzov but the expression of +the commander in chiefs one sound eye showed him to be so preoccupied +with thoughts and anxieties as to be oblivious of his presence. He +looked straight at his adjutants face without recognizing him. + +Well, have you finished? said he to Kozlvski. + +One moment, your excellency. + +Bagratin, a gaunt middle-aged man of medium height with a firm, +impassive face of Oriental type, came out after the commander in chief. + +I have the honor to present myself, repeated Prince Andrew rather +loudly, handing Kutzov an envelope. + +Ah, from Vienna? Very good. Later, later! + +Kutzov went out into the porch with Bagratin. + +Well, good-by, Prince, said he to Bagratin. My blessing, and +may Christ be with you in your great endeavor! + +His face suddenly softened and tears came into his eyes. With his left +hand he drew Bagratin toward him, and with his right, on which he wore +a ring, he made the sign of the cross over him with a gesture evidently +habitual, offering his puffy cheek, but Bagratin kissed him on the +neck instead. + +Christ be with you! Kutzov repeated and went toward his +carriage. Get in with me, said he to Bolknski. + +Your excellency, I should like to be of use here. Allow me to remain +with Prince Bagratins detachment. + +Get in, said Kutzov, and noticing that Bolknski still delayed, +he added I need good officers myself, need them myself! + +They got into the carriage and drove for a few minutes in silence. + +There is still much, much before us, he said, as if with an old +mans penetration he understood all that was passing in Bolknskis +mind. If a tenth part of his detachment returns I shall thank God, +he added as if speaking to himself. + +Prince Andrew glanced at Kutzovs face only a foot distant from him +and involuntarily noticed the carefully washed seams of the scar near +his temple, where an Ismail bullet had pierced his skull, and the empty +eye socket. Yes, he has a right to speak so calmly of those mens +death, thought Bolknski. + +That is why I beg to be sent to that detachment, he said. + +Kutzov did not reply. He seemed to have forgotten what he had been +saying, and sat plunged in thought. Five minutes later, gently swaying +on the soft springs of the carriage, he turned to Prince Andrew. +There was not a trace of agitation on his face. With delicate irony he +questioned Prince Andrew about the details of his interview with the +Emperor, about the remarks he had heard at court concerning the Krems +affair, and about some ladies they both knew. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +On November 1 Kutzov had received, through a spy, news that the army +he commanded was in an almost hopeless position. The spy reported that +the French, after crossing the bridge at Vienna, were advancing in +immense force upon Kutzovs line of communication with the troops +that were arriving from Russia. If Kutzov decided to remain at Krems, +Napoleons army of one hundred and fifty thousand men would cut him +off completely and surround his exhausted army of forty thousand, and he +would find himself in the position of Mack at Ulm. If Kutzov decided +to abandon the road connecting him with the troops arriving from Russia, +he would have to march with no road into unknown parts of the Bohemian +mountains, defending himself against superior forces of the enemy and +abandoning all hope of a junction with Buxhwden. If Kutzov decided +to retreat along the road from Krems to Olmtz, to unite with the +troops arriving from Russia, he risked being forestalled on that road +by the French who had crossed the Vienna bridge, and encumbered by his +baggage and transport, having to accept battle on the march against an +enemy three times as strong, who would hem him in from two sides. + +Kutzov chose this latter course. + +The French, the spy reported, having crossed the Vienna bridge, were +advancing by forced marches toward Znaim, which lay sixty-six miles +off on the line of Kutzovs retreat. If he reached Znaim before the +French, there would be great hope of saving the army to let the +French forestall him at Znaim meant the exposure of his whole army to a +disgrace such as that of Ulm, or to utter destruction. But to forestall +the French with his whole army was impossible. The road for the French +from Vienna to Znaim was shorter and better than the road for the +Russians from Krems to Znaim. + +The night he received the news, Kutzov sent Bagratins vanguard, +four thousand strong, to the right across the hills from the Krems-Znaim +to the Vienna-Znaim road. Bagratin was to make this march without +resting, and to halt facing Vienna with Znaim to his rear, and if he +succeeded in forestalling the French he was to delay them as long as +possible. Kutzov himself with all his transport took the road to +Znaim. + +Marching thirty miles that stormy night across roadless hills, with his +hungry, ill-shod soldiers, and losing a third of his men as stragglers +by the way, Bagratin came out on the Vienna-Znaim road at Hollabrnn +a few hours ahead of the French who were approaching Hollabrnn from +Vienna. Kutzov with his transport had still to march for some days +before he could reach Znaim. Hence Bagratin with his four thousand +hungry, exhausted men would have to detain for days the whole enemy army +that came upon him at Hollabrnn, which was clearly impossible. But +a freak of fate made the impossible possible. The success of the trick +that had placed the Vienna bridge in the hands of the French without +a fight led Murat to try to deceive Kutzov in a similar way. Meeting +Bagratins weak detachment on the Znaim road he supposed it to be +Kutzovs whole army. To be able to crush it absolutely he awaited +the arrival of the rest of the troops who were on their way from Vienna, +and with this object offered a three days truce on condition that +both armies should remain in position without moving. Murat declared +that negotiations for peace were already proceeding, and that he +therefore offered this truce to avoid unnecessary bloodshed. Count +Nostitz, the Austrian general occupying the advanced posts, believed +Murats emissary and retired, leaving Bagratins division +exposed. Another emissary rode to the Russian line to announce the peace +negotiations and to offer the Russian army the three days truce. +Bagratin replied that he was not authorized either to accept or refuse +a truce and sent his adjutant to Kutzov to report the offer he had +received. + +A truce was Kutzovs sole chance of gaining time, giving +Bagratins exhausted troops some rest, and letting the transport and +heavy convoys (whose movements were concealed from the French) advance +if but one stage nearer Znaim. The offer of a truce gave the only, and +a quite unexpected, chance of saving the army. On receiving the news +he immediately dispatched Adjutant General Wintzingerode, who was in +attendance on him, to the enemy camp. Wintzingerode was not merely +to agree to the truce but also to offer terms of capitulation, and +meanwhile Kutzov sent his adjutants back to hasten to the utmost the +movements of the baggage trains of the entire army along the Krems-Znaim +road. Bagratins exhausted and hungry detachment, which alone +covered this movement of the transport and of the whole army, had to +remain stationary in face of an enemy eight times as strong as itself. + +Kutzovs expectations that the proposals of capitulation (which were +in no way binding) might give time for part of the transport to pass, +and also that Murats mistake would very soon be discovered, proved +correct. As soon as Bonaparte (who was at Schnbrunn, sixteen miles +from Hollabrnn) received Murats dispatch with the proposal of a +truce and a capitulation, he detected a ruse and wrote the following +letter to Murat + +Schnbrunn, 25th Brumaire, 1805, + +at eight oclock in the morning + +To PRINCE MURAT, + +I cannot find words to express to you my displeasure. You command only +my advance guard, and have no right to arrange an armistice without my +order. You are causing me to lose the fruits of a campaign. Break +the armistice immediately and march on the enemy. Inform him that the +general who signed that capitulation had no right to do so, and that no +one but the Emperor of Russia has that right. + +If, however, the Emperor of Russia ratifies that convention, I will +ratify it but it is only a trick. March on, destroy the Russian +army.... You are in a position to seize its baggage and artillery. + +The Russian Emperors aide-de-camp is an impostor. Officers are +nothing when they have no powers this one had none.... The Austrians +let themselves be tricked at the crossing of the Vienna bridge, you are +letting yourself be tricked by an aide-de-camp of the Emperor. + +NAPOLEON + +Bonapartes adjutant rode full gallop with this menacing letter to +Murat. Bonaparte himself, not trusting to his generals, moved with all +the Guards to the field of battle, afraid of letting a ready victim +escape, and Bagratins four thousand men merrily lighted campfires, +dried and warmed themselves, cooked their porridge for the first time +for three days, and not one of them knew or imagined what was in store +for him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +Between three and four oclock in the afternoon Prince Andrew, who +had persisted in his request to Kutzov, arrived at Grunth and reported +himself to Bagratin. Bonapartes adjutant had not yet reached +Murats detachment and the battle had not yet begun. In Bagratins +detachment no one knew anything of the general position of affairs. They +talked of peace but did not believe in its possibility others talked +of a battle but also disbelieved in the nearness of an engagement. +Bagratin, knowing Bolknski to be a favorite and trusted adjutant, +received him with distinction and special marks of favor, explaining to +him that there would probably be an engagement that day or the next, and +giving him full liberty to remain with him during the battle or to join +the rearguard and have an eye on the order of retreat, which is also +very important. + +However, there will hardly be an engagement today, said Bagratin +as if to reassure Prince Andrew. + +If he is one of the ordinary little staff dandies sent to earn a +medal he can get his reward just as well in the rearguard, but if he +wishes to stay with me, let him... hell be of use here if hes a +brave officer, thought Bagratin. Prince Andrew, without replying, +asked the princes permission to ride round the position to see the +disposition of the forces, so as to know his bearings should he be sent +to execute an order. The officer on duty, a handsome, elegantly dressed +man with a diamond ring on his forefinger, who was fond of speaking +French though he spoke it badly, offered to conduct Prince Andrew. + +On all sides they saw rain-soaked officers with dejected faces who +seemed to be seeking something, and soldiers dragging doors, benches, +and fencing from the village. + +There now, Prince! We cant stop those fellows, said the staff +officer pointing to the soldiers. The officers dont keep them in +hand. And there, he pointed to a sutlers tent, they crowd in +and sit. This morning I turned them all out and now look, its full +again. I must go there, Prince, and scare them a bit. It wont take a +moment. + +Yes, lets go in and I will get myself a roll and some cheese, +said Prince Andrew who had not yet had time to eat anything. + +Why didnt you mention it, Prince? I would have offered you +something. + +They dismounted and entered the tent. Several officers, with flushed and +weary faces, were sitting at the table eating and drinking. + +Now what does this mean, gentlemen? said the staff officer, in +the reproachful tone of a man who has repeated the same thing more +than once. You know it wont do to leave your posts like this. +The prince gave orders that no one should leave his post. Now you, +Captain, and he turned to a thin, dirty little artillery officer who +without his boots (he had given them to the canteen keeper to dry), +in only his stockings, rose when they entered, smiling not altogether +comfortably. + +Well, arent you ashamed of yourself, Captain Tshin? he +continued. One would think that as an artillery officer you would set +a good example, yet here you are without your boots! The alarm will be +sounded and youll be in a pretty position without your boots! (The +staff officer smiled.) Kindly return to your posts, gentlemen, all of +you, all! he added in a tone of command. + +Prince Andrew smiled involuntarily as he looked at the artillery officer +Tshin, who silent and smiling, shifting from one stockinged foot to +the other, glanced inquiringly with his large, intelligent, kindly eyes +from Prince Andrew to the staff officer. + +The soldiers say it feels easier without boots, said Captain +Tshin smiling shyly in his uncomfortable position, evidently wishing +to adopt a jocular tone. But before he had finished he felt that his +jest was unacceptable and had not come off. He grew confused. + +Kindly return to your posts, said the staff officer trying to +preserve his gravity. + +Prince Andrew glanced again at the artillery officers small figure. +There was something peculiar about it, quite unsoldierly, rather comic, +but extremely attractive. + +The staff officer and Prince Andrew mounted their horses and rode on. + +Having ridden beyond the village, continually meeting and overtaking +soldiers and officers of various regiments, they saw on their left some +entrenchments being thrown up, the freshly dug clay of which showed up +red. Several battalions of soldiers, in their shirt sleeves despite +the cold wind, swarmed in these earthworks like a host of white ants +spadefuls of red clay were continually being thrown up from behind the +bank by unseen hands. Prince Andrew and the officer rode up, looked at +the entrenchment, and went on again. Just behind it they came upon some +dozens of soldiers, continually replaced by others, who ran from the +entrenchment. They had to hold their noses and put their horses to a +trot to escape from the poisoned atmosphere of these latrines. + +Voil lagrment des camps, monsieur le prince, * said the +staff officer. + + * This is a pleasure one gets in camp, Prince. + + +They rode up the opposite hill. From there the French could already be +seen. Prince Andrew stopped and began examining the position. + +Thats our battery, said the staff officer indicating the +highest point. Its in charge of the queer fellow we saw without +his boots. You can see everything from there lets go there, +Prince. + +Thank you very much, I will go on alone, said Prince Andrew, +wishing to rid himself of this staff officers company, please +dont trouble yourself further. + +The staff officer remained behind and Prince Andrew rode on alone. + +The farther forward and nearer the enemy he went, the more orderly and +cheerful were the troops. The greatest disorder and depression had been +in the baggage train he had passed that morning on the Znaim road seven +miles away from the French. At Grunth also some apprehension and alarm +could be felt, but the nearer Prince Andrew came to the French lines the +more confident was the appearance of our troops. The soldiers in +their greatcoats were ranged in lines, the sergeants major and company +officers were counting the men, poking the last man in each section in +the ribs and telling him to hold his hand up. Soldiers scattered over +the whole place were dragging logs and brushwood and were building +shelters with merry chatter and laughter around the fires sat others, +dressed and undressed, drying their shirts and leg bands or mending +boots or overcoats and crowding round the boilers and porridge cookers. +In one company dinner was ready, and the soldiers were gazing eagerly +at the steaming boiler, waiting till the sample, which a quartermaster +sergeant was carrying in a wooden bowl to an officer who sat on a log +before his shelter, had been tasted. + +Another company, a lucky one for not all the companies had vodka, +crowded round a pockmarked, broad-shouldered sergeant major who, tilting +a keg, filled one after another the canteen lids held out to him. The +soldiers lifted the canteen lids to their lips with reverential faces, +emptied them, rolling the vodka in their mouths, and walked away from +the sergeant major with brightened expressions, licking their lips and +wiping them on the sleeves of their greatcoats. All their faces were +as serene as if all this were happening at home awaiting peaceful +encampment, and not within sight of the enemy before an action in +which at least half of them would be left on the field. After passing a +chasseur regiment and in the lines of the Kiev grenadiersfine fellows +busy with similar peaceful affairsnear the shelter of the regimental +commander, higher than and different from the others, Prince Andrew came +out in front of a platoon of grenadiers before whom lay a naked man. Two +soldiers held him while two others were flourishing their switches and +striking him regularly on his bare back. The man shrieked unnaturally. +A stout major was pacing up and down the line, and regardless of the +screams kept repeating + +Its a shame for a soldier to steal a soldier must be honest, +honorable, and brave, but if he robs his fellows there is no honor in +him, hes a scoundrel. Go on! Go on! + +So the swishing sound of the strokes, and the desperate but unnatural +screams, continued. + +Go on, go on! said the major. + +A young officer with a bewildered and pained expression on his face +stepped away from the man and looked round inquiringly at the adjutant +as he rode by. + +Prince Andrew, having reached the front line, rode along it. Our front +line and that of the enemy were far apart on the right and left flanks, +but in the center where the men with a flag of truce had passed that +morning, the lines were so near together that the men could see one +anothers faces and speak to one another. Besides the soldiers who +formed the picket line on either side, there were many curious onlookers +who, jesting and laughing, stared at their strange foreign enemies. + +Since early morningdespite an injunction not to approach the picket +linethe officers had been unable to keep sight-seers away. The +soldiers forming the picket line, like showmen exhibiting a curiosity, +no longer looked at the French but paid attention to the sight-seers and +grew weary waiting to be relieved. Prince Andrew halted to have a look +at the French. + +Look! Look there! one soldier was saying to another, pointing to a +Russian musketeer who had gone up to the picket line with an officer and +was rapidly and excitedly talking to a French grenadier. Hark to him +jabbering! Fine, isnt it? Its all the Frenchy can do to keep up +with him. There now, Sdorov! + +Wait a bit and listen. Its fine! answered Sdorov, who was +considered an adept at French. + +The soldier to whom the laughers referred was Dlokhov. Prince Andrew +recognized him and stopped to listen to what he was saying. Dlokhov +had come from the left flank where their regiment was stationed, with +his captain. + +Now then, go on, go on! incited the officer, bending forward and +trying not to lose a word of the speech which was incomprehensible to +him. More, please more! Whats he saying? + +Dlokhov did not answer the captain he had been drawn into a hot +dispute with the French grenadier. They were naturally talking about the +campaign. The Frenchman, confusing the Austrians with the Russians, was +trying to prove that the Russians had surrendered and had fled all +the way from Ulm, while Dlokhov maintained that the Russians had not +surrendered but had beaten the French. + +We have orders to drive you off here, and we shall drive you off, +said Dlokhov. + +Only take care you and your Cossacks are not all captured! said +the French grenadier. + +The French onlookers and listeners laughed. + +Well make you dance as we did under Suvrov..., * said +Dlokhov. + + * On vous fera danser. + + +Qu est-ce quil chante? * asked a Frenchman. + + * Whats he singing about? + + +Its ancient history, said another, guessing that it referred to +a former war. The Emperor will teach your Suvara as he has taught the +others... + +Bonaparte... began Dlokhov, but the Frenchman interrupted him. + +Not Bonaparte. He is the Emperor! Sacr nom...! cried he angrily. + +The devil skin your Emperor. + +And Dlokhov swore at him in coarse soldiers Russian and shouldering +his musket walked away. + +Let us go, Ivn Lukch, he said to the captain. + +Ah, thats the way to talk French, said the picket soldiers. +Now, Sdorov, you have a try! + +Sdorov, turning to the French, winked, and began to jabber meaningless +sounds very fast Kari, mala, tafa, safi, muter, Kask, he said, +trying to give an expressive intonation to his voice. + +Ho! ho! ho! Ha! ha! ha! ha! Ouh! ouh! came peals of such healthy +and good-humored laughter from the soldiers that it infected the French +involuntarily, so much so that the only thing left to do seemed to be +to unload the muskets, explode the ammunition, and all return home as +quickly as possible. + +But the guns remained loaded, the loopholes in blockhouses and +entrenchments looked out just as menacingly, and the unlimbered cannon +confronted one another as before. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Having ridden round the whole line from right flank to left, Prince +Andrew made his way up to the battery from which the staff officer had +told him the whole field could be seen. Here he dismounted, and stopped +beside the farthest of the four unlimbered cannon. Before the guns an +artillery sentry was pacing up and down he stood at attention when the +officer arrived, but at a sign resumed his measured, monotonous pacing. +Behind the guns were their limbers and still farther back picket ropes +and artillerymens bonfires. To the left, not far from the farthest +cannon, was a small, newly constructed wattle shed from which came the +sound of officers voices in eager conversation. + +It was true that a view over nearly the whole Russian position and the +greater part of the enemys opened out from this battery. Just facing +it, on the crest of the opposite hill, the village of Schn Grabern +could be seen, and in three places to left and right the French troops +amid the smoke of their campfires, the greater part of whom were +evidently in the village itself and behind the hill. To the left from +that village, amid the smoke, was something resembling a battery, but it +was impossible to see it clearly with the naked eye. Our right flank was +posted on a rather steep incline which dominated the French position. +Our infantry were stationed there, and at the farthest point the +dragoons. In the center, where Tshins battery stood and from which +Prince Andrew was surveying the position, was the easiest and most +direct descent and ascent to the brook separating us from Schn +Grabern. On the left our troops were close to a copse, in which smoked +the bonfires of our infantry who were felling wood. The French line was +wider than ours, and it was plain that they could easily outflank us +on both sides. Behind our position was a steep and deep dip, making it +difficult for artillery and cavalry to retire. Prince Andrew took +out his notebook and, leaning on the cannon, sketched a plan of the +position. He made some notes on two points, intending to mention them to +Bagratin. His idea was, first, to concentrate all the artillery in the +center, and secondly, to withdraw the cavalry to the other side of the +dip. Prince Andrew, being always near the commander in chief, closely +following the mass movements and general orders, and constantly studying +historical accounts of battles, involuntarily pictured to himself the +course of events in the forthcoming action in broad outline. He +imagined only important possibilities If the enemy attacks the right +flank, he said to himself, the Kiev grenadiers and the Podlsk +chasseurs must hold their position till reserves from the center +come up. In that case the dragoons could successfully make a flank +counterattack. If they attack our center we, having the center battery +on this high ground, shall withdraw the left flank under its cover, and +retreat to the dip by echelons. So he reasoned.... All the time +he had been beside the gun, he had heard the voices of the officers +distinctly, but as often happens had not understood a word of what they +were saying. Suddenly, however, he was struck by a voice coming from the +shed, and its tone was so sincere that he could not but listen. + +No, friend, said a pleasant and, as it seemed to Prince Andrew, a +familiar voice, what I say is that if it were possible to know +what is beyond death, none of us would be afraid of it. Thats so, +friend. + +Another, a younger voice, interrupted him Afraid or not, you cant +escape it anyhow. + +All the same, one is afraid! Oh, you clever people, said a third +manly voice interrupting them both. Of course you artillery men are +very wise, because you can take everything along with youvodka and +snacks. + +And the owner of the manly voice, evidently an infantry officer, +laughed. + +Yes, one is afraid, continued the first speaker, he of the +familiar voice. One is afraid of the unknown, thats what it is. +Whatever we may say about the soul going to the sky... we know there is +no sky but only an atmosphere. + +The manly voice again interrupted the artillery officer. + +Well, stand us some of your herb vodka, Tshin, it said. + +Why, thought Prince Andrew, thats the captain who stood up +in the sutlers hut without his boots. He recognized the agreeable, +philosophizing voice with pleasure. + +Some herb vodka? Certainly! said Tshin. But still, to +conceive a future life... + +He did not finish. Just then there was a whistle in the air nearer and +nearer, faster and louder, louder and faster, a cannon ball, as if it +had not finished saying what was necessary, thudded into the ground near +the shed with super human force, throwing up a mass of earth. The ground +seemed to groan at the terrible impact. + +And immediately Tshin, with a short pipe in the corner of his mouth +and his kind, intelligent face rather pale, rushed out of the shed +followed by the owner of the manly voice, a dashing infantry officer who +hurried off to his company, buttoning up his coat as he ran. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Mounting his horse again Prince Andrew lingered with the battery, +looking at the puff from the gun that had sent the ball. His eyes +ran rapidly over the wide space, but he only saw that the hitherto +motionless masses of the French now swayed and that there really was +a battery to their left. The smoke above it had not yet dispersed. Two +mounted Frenchmen, probably adjutants, were galloping up the hill. A +small but distinctly visible enemy column was moving down the hill, +probably to strengthen the front line. The smoke of the first shot had +not yet dispersed before another puff appeared, followed by a report. +The battle had begun! Prince Andrew turned his horse and galloped back +to Grunth to find Prince Bagratin. He heard the cannonade behind him +growing louder and more frequent. Evidently our guns had begun to reply. +From the bottom of the slope, where the parleys had taken place, came +the report of musketry. + +Lemarrois had just arrived at a gallop with Bonapartes stern letter, +and Murat, humiliated and anxious to expiate his fault, had at once +moved his forces to attack the center and outflank both the Russian +wings, hoping before evening and before the arrival of the Emperor to +crush the contemptible detachment that stood before him. + +It has begun. Here it is! thought Prince Andrew, feeling the +blood rush to his heart. But where and how will my Toulon present +itself? + +Passing between the companies that had been eating porridge and drinking +vodka a quarter of an hour before, he saw everywhere the same rapid +movement of soldiers forming ranks and getting their muskets ready, +and on all their faces he recognized the same eagerness that filled his +heart. It has begun! Here it is, dreadful but enjoyable! was what +the face of each soldier and each officer seemed to say. + +Before he had reached the embankments that were being thrown up, he saw, +in the light of the dull autumn evening, mounted men coming toward him. +The foremost, wearing a Cossack cloak and lambskin cap and riding a +white horse, was Prince Bagratin. Prince Andrew stopped, waiting for +him to come up Prince Bagratin reined in his horse and recognizing +Prince Andrew nodded to him. He still looked ahead while Prince Andrew +told him what he had seen. + +The feeling, It has begun! Here it is! was seen even on Prince +Bagratins hard brown face with its half-closed, dull, sleepy eyes. +Prince Andrew gazed with anxious curiosity at that impassive face +and wished he could tell what, if anything, this man was thinking +and feeling at that moment. Is there anything at all behind that +impassive face? Prince Andrew asked himself as he looked. Prince +Bagratin bent his head in sign of agreement with what Prince Andrew +told him, and said, Very good! in a tone that seemed to imply that +everything that took place and was reported to him was exactly what he +had foreseen. Prince Andrew, out of breath with his rapid ride, spoke +quickly. Prince Bagratin, uttering his words with an Oriental accent, +spoke particularly slowly, as if to impress the fact that there was no +need to hurry. However, he put his horse to a trot in the direction +of Tshins battery. Prince Andrew followed with the suite. Behind +Prince Bagratin rode an officer of the suite, the princes personal +adjutant, Zherkv, an orderly officer, the staff officer on duty, +riding a fine bobtailed horse, and a civilianan accountant who had +asked permission to be present at the battle out of curiosity. The +accountant, a stout, full-faced man, looked around him with a nave +smile of satisfaction and presented a strange appearance among the +hussars, Cossacks, and adjutants, in his camlet coat, as he jolted on +his horse with a convoy officers saddle. + +He wants to see a battle, said Zherkv to Bolknski, pointing +to the accountant, but he feels a pain in the pit of his stomach +already. + +Oh, leave off! said the accountant with a beaming but rather +cunning smile, as if flattered at being made the subject of Zherkvs +joke, and purposely trying to appear stupider than he really was. + +It is very strange, mon Monsieur Prince, said the staff officer. +(He remembered that in French there is some peculiar way of addressing a +prince, but could not get it quite right.) + +By this time they were all approaching Tshins battery, and a ball +struck the ground in front of them. + +Whats that that has fallen? asked the accountant with a nave +smile. + +A French pancake, answered Zherkv. + +So thats what they hit with? asked the accountant. How +awful! + +He seemed to swell with satisfaction. He had hardly finished speaking +when they again heard an unexpectedly violent whistling which suddenly +ended with a thud into something soft... f-f-flop! and a Cossack, riding +a little to their right and behind the accountant, crashed to earth with +his horse. Zherkv and the staff officer bent over their saddles and +turned their horses away. The accountant stopped, facing the Cossack, +and examined him with attentive curiosity. The Cossack was dead, but the +horse still struggled. + +Prince Bagratin screwed up his eyes, looked round, and, seeing the +cause of the confusion, turned away with indifference, as if to say, +Is it worth while noticing trifles? He reined in his horse with +the care of a skillful rider and, slightly bending over, disengaged his +saber which had caught in his cloak. It was an old-fashioned saber of +a kind no longer in general use. Prince Andrew remembered the story of +Suvrov giving his saber to Bagratin in Italy, and the recollection +was particularly pleasant at that moment. They had reached the battery +at which Prince Andrew had been when he examined the battlefield. + +Whose company? asked Prince Bagratin of an artilleryman standing +by the ammunition wagon. + +He asked, Whose company? but he really meant, Are you +frightened here? and the artilleryman understood him. + +Captain Tshins, your excellency! shouted the red-haired, +freckled gunner in a merry voice, standing to attention. + +Yes, yes, muttered Bagratin as if considering something, and he +rode past the limbers to the farthest cannon. + +As he approached, a ringing shot issued from it deafening him and his +suite, and in the smoke that suddenly surrounded the gun they could see +the gunners who had seized it straining to roll it quickly back to its +former position. A huge, broad-shouldered gunner, Number One, holding +a mop, his legs far apart, sprang to the wheel while Number Two with +a trembling hand placed a charge in the cannons mouth. The short, +round-shouldered Captain Tshin, stumbling over the tail of the gun +carriage, moved forward and, not noticing the general, looked out +shading his eyes with his small hand. + +Lift it two lines more and it will be just right, cried he in a +feeble voice to which he tried to impart a dashing note, ill-suited to +his weak figure. Number Two! he squeaked. Fire, Medvdev! + +Bagratin called to him, and Tshin, raising three fingers to his cap +with a bashful and awkward gesture not at all like a military salute +but like a priests benediction, approached the general. Though +Tshins guns had been intended to cannonade the valley, he was +firing incendiary balls at the village of Schn Grabern visible just +opposite, in front of which large masses of French were advancing. + +No one had given Tshin orders where and at what to fire, but after +consulting his sergeant major, Zakharchnko, for whom he had great +respect, he had decided that it would be a good thing to set fire to the +village. Very good! said Bagratin in reply to the officers +report, and began deliberately to examine the whole battlefield extended +before him. The French had advanced nearest on our right. Below the +height on which the Kiev regiment was stationed, in the hollow where the +rivulet flowed, the soul-stirring rolling and crackling of musketry was +heard, and much farther to the right beyond the dragoons, the officer of +the suite pointed out to Bagratin a French column that was outflanking +us. To the left the horizon bounded by the adjacent wood. Prince +Bagratin ordered two battalions from the center to be sent to +reinforce the right flank. The officer of the suite ventured to remark +to the prince that if these battalions went away, the guns would remain +without support. Prince Bagratin turned to the officer and with his +dull eyes looked at him in silence. It seemed to Prince Andrew that the +officers remark was just and that really no answer could be made to +it. But at that moment an adjutant galloped up with a message from the +commander of the regiment in the hollow and news that immense masses +of the French were coming down upon them and that his regiment was in +disorder and was retreating upon the Kiev grenadiers. Prince Bagratin +bowed his head in sign of assent and approval. He rode off at a walk to +the right and sent an adjutant to the dragoons with orders to attack the +French. But this adjutant returned half an hour later with the news that +the commander of the dragoons had already retreated beyond the dip in +the ground, as a heavy fire had been opened on him and he was losing +men uselessly, and so had hastened to throw some sharpshooters into the +wood. + +Very good! said Bagratin. + +As he was leaving the battery, firing was heard on the left also, and +as it was too far to the left flank for him to have time to go there +himself, Prince Bagratin sent Zherkv to tell the general in command +(the one who had paraded his regiment before Kutzov at Braunau) that +he must retreat as quickly as possible behind the hollow in the rear, +as the right flank would probably not be able to withstand the enemys +attack very long. About Tshin and the battalion that had been in +support of his battery all was forgotten. Prince Andrew listened +attentively to Bagratins colloquies with the commanding officers +and the orders he gave them and, to his surprise, found that no orders +were really given, but that Prince Bagratin tried to make it appear +that everything done by necessity, by accident, or by the will of +subordinate commanders was done, if not by his direct command, at least +in accord with his intentions. Prince Andrew noticed, however, that +though what happened was due to chance and was independent of the +commanders will, owing to the tact Bagratin showed, his presence +was very valuable. Officers who approached him with disturbed +countenances became calm soldiers and officers greeted him gaily, grew +more cheerful in his presence, and were evidently anxious to display +their courage before him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Prince Bagratin, having reached the highest point of our right flank, +began riding downhill to where the roll of musketry was heard but where +on account of the smoke nothing could be seen. The nearer they got to +the hollow the less they could see but the more they felt the nearness +of the actual battlefield. They began to meet wounded men. One with a +bleeding head and no cap was being dragged along by two soldiers who +supported him under the arms. There was a gurgle in his throat and he +was spitting blood. A bullet had evidently hit him in the throat or +mouth. Another was walking sturdily by himself but without his musket, +groaning aloud and swinging his arm which had just been hurt, while +blood from it was streaming over his greatcoat as from a bottle. He had +that moment been wounded and his face showed fear rather than suffering. +Crossing a road they descended a steep incline and saw several men +lying on the ground they also met a crowd of soldiers some of whom were +unwounded. The soldiers were ascending the hill breathing heavily, and +despite the generals presence were talking loudly and gesticulating. +In front of them rows of gray cloaks were already visible through the +smoke, and an officer catching sight of Bagratin rushed shouting after +the crowd of retreating soldiers, ordering them back. Bagratin rode up +to the ranks along which shots crackled now here and now there, drowning +the sound of voices and the shouts of command. The whole air reeked with +smoke. The excited faces of the soldiers were blackened with it. Some +were using their ramrods, others putting powder on the touchpans or +taking charges from their pouches, while others were firing, though who +they were firing at could not be seen for the smoke which there was no +wind to carry away. A pleasant humming and whistling of bullets were +often heard. What is this? thought Prince Andrew approaching the +crowd of soldiers. It cant be an attack, for they are not moving +it cant be a squarefor they are not drawn up for that. + +The commander of the regiment, a thin, feeble-looking old man with a +pleasant smilehis eyelids drooping more than half over his old eyes, +giving him a mild expression, rode up to Bagratin and welcomed him as +a host welcomes an honored guest. He reported that his regiment had +been attacked by French cavalry and that, though the attack had been +repulsed, he had lost more than half his men. He said the attack +had been repulsed, employing this military term to describe what had +occurred to his regiment, but in reality he did not himself know what +had happened during that half-hour to the troops entrusted to him, and +could not say with certainty whether the attack had been repulsed or his +regiment had been broken up. All he knew was that at the commencement +of the action balls and shells began flying all over his regiment and +hitting men and that afterwards someone had shouted Cavalry! and +our men had begun firing. They were still firing, not at the cavalry +which had disappeared, but at French infantry who had come into the +hollow and were firing at our men. Prince Bagratin bowed his head as a +sign that this was exactly what he had desired and expected. Turning +to his adjutant he ordered him to bring down the two battalions of the +Sixth Chasseurs whom they had just passed. Prince Andrew was struck by +the changed expression on Prince Bagratins face at this moment. It +expressed the concentrated and happy resolution you see on the face of +a man who on a hot day takes a final run before plunging into the water. +The dull, sleepy expression was no longer there, nor the affectation +of profound thought. The round, steady, hawks eyes looked before him +eagerly and rather disdainfully, not resting on anything although his +movements were still slow and measured. + +The commander of the regiment turned to Prince Bagratin, entreating +him to go back as it was too dangerous to remain where they were. +Please, your excellency, for Gods sake! he kept saying, +glancing for support at an officer of the suite who turned away +from him. There, you see! and he drew attention to the bullets +whistling, singing, and hissing continually around them. He spoke in the +tone of entreaty and reproach that a carpenter uses to a gentleman who +has picked up an ax We are used to it, but you, sir, will blister +your hands. He spoke as if those bullets could not kill him, and his +half-closed eyes gave still more persuasiveness to his words. The staff +officer joined in the colonels appeals, but Bagratin did not reply +he only gave an order to cease firing and re-form, so as to give room +for the two approaching battalions. While he was speaking, the curtain +of smoke that had concealed the hollow, driven by a rising wind, began +to move from right to left as if drawn by an invisible hand, and the +hill opposite, with the French moving about on it, opened out before +them. All eyes fastened involuntarily on this French column advancing +against them and winding down over the uneven ground. One could already +see the soldiers shaggy caps, distinguish the officers from the men, +and see the standard flapping against its staff. + +They march splendidly, remarked someone in Bagratins suite. + +The head of the column had already descended into the hollow. The clash +would take place on this side of it... + +The remains of our regiment which had been in action rapidly formed up +and moved to the right from behind it, dispersing the laggards, came +two battalions of the Sixth Chasseurs in fine order. Before they had +reached Bagratin, the weighty tread of the mass of men marching in +step could be heard. On their left flank, nearest to Bagratin, marched +a company commander, a fine round-faced man, with a stupid and happy +expressionthe same man who had rushed out of the wattle shed. At that +moment he was clearly thinking of nothing but how dashing a fellow he +would appear as he passed the commander. + +With the self-satisfaction of a man on parade, he stepped lightly with +his muscular legs as if sailing along, stretching himself to his full +height without the smallest effort, his ease contrasting with the heavy +tread of the soldiers who were keeping step with him. He carried close +to his leg a narrow unsheathed sword (small, curved, and not like a real +weapon) and looked now at the superior officers and now back at the men +without losing step, his whole powerful body turning flexibly. It was as +if all the powers of his soul were concentrated on passing the commander +in the best possible manner, and feeling that he was doing it well he +was happy. Left... left... left... he seemed to repeat to himself +at each alternate step and in time to this, with stern but varied +faces, the wall of soldiers burdened with knapsacks and muskets marched +in step, and each one of these hundreds of soldiers seemed to be +repeating to himself at each alternate step, Left... left... +left... A fat major skirted a bush, puffing and falling out of +step a soldier who had fallen behind, his face showing alarm at his +defection, ran at a trot, panting to catch up with his company. A cannon +ball, cleaving the air, flew over the heads of Bagratin and his suite, +and fell into the column to the measure of Left... left! Close +up! came the company commanders voice in jaunty tones. The +soldiers passed in a semicircle round something where the ball had +fallen, and an old trooper on the flank, a noncommissioned officer who +had stopped beside the dead men, ran to catch up his line and, falling +into step with a hop, looked back angrily, and through the ominous +silence and the regular tramp of feet beating the ground in unison, one +seemed to hear left... left... left. + +Well done, lads! said Prince Bagratin. + +Glad to do our best, your exlen-lency! came a confused shout +from the ranks. A morose soldier marching on the left turned his eyes on +Bagratin as he shouted, with an expression that seemed to say We +know that ourselves! Another, without looking round, as though +fearing to relax, shouted with his mouth wide open and passed on. + +The order was given to halt and down knapsacks. + +Bagratin rode round the ranks that had marched past him and +dismounted. He gave the reins to a Cossack, took off and handed over his +felt coat, stretched his legs, and set his cap straight. The head of the +French column, with its officers leading, appeared from below the hill. + +Forward, with God! said Bagratin, in a resolute, sonorous voice, +turning for a moment to the front line, and slightly swinging his arms, +he went forward uneasily over the rough field with the awkward gait of +a cavalryman. Prince Andrew felt that an invisible power was leading him +forward, and experienced great happiness. + +The French were already near. Prince Andrew, walking beside Bagratin, +could clearly distinguish their bandoliers, red epaulets, and even their +faces. (He distinctly saw an old French officer who, with gaitered +legs and turned-out toes, climbed the hill with difficulty.) Prince +Bagratin gave no further orders and silently continued to walk on in +front of the ranks. Suddenly one shot after another rang out from the +French, smoke appeared all along their uneven ranks, and musket shots +sounded. Several of our men fell, among them the round-faced officer +who had marched so gaily and complacently. But at the moment the first +report was heard, Bagratin looked round and shouted, Hurrah! + +Hurrahah!ah! rang a long-drawn shout from our ranks, and +passing Bagratin and racing one another they rushed in an irregular +but joyous and eager crowd down the hill at their disordered foe. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +The attack of the Sixth Chasseurs secured the retreat of our right +flank. In the center Tshins forgotten battery, which had managed to +set fire to the Schn Grabern village, delayed the French advance. The +French were putting out the fire which the wind was spreading, and thus +gave us time to retreat. The retirement of the center to the other side +of the dip in the ground at the rear was hurried and noisy, but the +different companies did not get mixed. But our leftwhich consisted +of the Azv and Podlsk infantry and the Pvlograd hussarswas +simultaneously attacked and outflanked by superior French forces under +Lannes and was thrown into confusion. Bagratin had sent Zherkv +to the general commanding that left flank with orders to retreat +immediately. + +Zherkv, not removing his hand from his cap, turned his horse about +and galloped off. But no sooner had he left Bagratin than his courage +failed him. He was seized by panic and could not go where it was +dangerous. + +Having reached the left flank, instead of going to the front where the +firing was, he began to look for the general and his staff where they +could not possibly be, and so did not deliver the order. + +The command of the left flank belonged by seniority to the commander of +the regiment Kutzov had reviewed at Braunau and in which Dlokhov was +serving as a private. But the command of the extreme left flank had been +assigned to the commander of the Pvlograd regiment in which Rostv +was serving, and a misunderstanding arose. The two commanders were much +exasperated with one another and, long after the action had begun on +the right flank and the French were already advancing, were engaged +in discussion with the sole object of offending one another. But the +regiments, both cavalry and infantry, were by no means ready for the +impending action. From privates to general they were not expecting a +battle and were engaged in peaceful occupations, the cavalry feeding the +horses and the infantry collecting wood. + +He higher iss dan I in rank, said the German colonel of the +hussars, flushing and addressing an adjutant who had ridden up, so +let him do what he vill, but I cannot sacrifice my hussars... Bugler, +sount ze retreat! + +But haste was becoming imperative. Cannon and musketry, mingling +together, thundered on the right and in the center, while the capotes +of Lannes sharpshooters were already seen crossing the milldam and +forming up within twice the range of a musket shot. The general in +command of the infantry went toward his horse with jerky steps, and +having mounted drew himself up very straight and tall and rode to the +Pvlograd commander. The commanders met with polite bows but with +secret malevolence in their hearts. + +Once again, Colonel, said the general, I cant leave half +my men in the wood. I beg of you, I beg of you, he repeated, to +occupy the position and prepare for an attack. + +I peg of you yourself not to mix in vot is not your business! +suddenly replied the irate colonel. If you vere in the cavalry... + +I am not in the cavalry, Colonel, but I am a Russian general and if +you are not aware of the fact... + +Quite avare, your excellency, suddenly shouted the colonel, +touching his horse and turning purple in the face. Vill you be so +goot to come to ze front and see dat zis position iss no goot? I dont +vish to destroy my men for your pleasure! + +You forget yourself, Colonel. I am not considering my own pleasure +and I wont allow it to be said! + +Taking the colonels outburst as a challenge to his courage, the +general expanded his chest and rode, frowning, beside him to the +front line, as if their differences would be settled there amongst the +bullets. They reached the front, several bullets sped over them, and +they halted in silence. There was nothing fresh to be seen from the +line, for from where they had been before it had been evident that it +was impossible for cavalry to act among the bushes and broken ground, +as well as that the French were outflanking our left. The general +and colonel looked sternly and significantly at one another like two +fighting cocks preparing for battle, each vainly trying to detect signs +of cowardice in the other. Both passed the examination successfully. As +there was nothing to be said, and neither wished to give occasion for +it to be alleged that he had been the first to leave the range of fire, +they would have remained there for a long time testing each others +courage had it not been that just then they heard the rattle of musketry +and a muffled shout almost behind them in the wood. The French had +attacked the men collecting wood in the copse. It was no longer possible +for the hussars to retreat with the infantry. They were cut off from +the line of retreat on the left by the French. However inconvenient the +position, it was now necessary to attack in order to cut a way through +for themselves. + +The squadron in which Rostv was serving had scarcely time to mount +before it was halted facing the enemy. Again, as at the Enns bridge, +there was nothing between the squadron and the enemy, and again that +terrible dividing line of uncertainty and fearresembling the line +separating the living from the deadlay between them. All were +conscious of this unseen line, and the question whether they would cross +it or not, and how they would cross it, agitated them all. + +The colonel rode to the front, angrily gave some reply to questions put +to him by the officers, and, like a man desperately insisting on having +his own way, gave an order. No one said anything definite, but the rumor +of an attack spread through the squadron. The command to form up rang +out and the sabers whizzed as they were drawn from their scabbards. +Still no one moved. The troops of the left flank, infantry and hussars +alike, felt that the commander did not himself know what to do, and this +irresolution communicated itself to the men. + +If only they would be quick! thought Rostv, feeling that at last +the time had come to experience the joy of an attack of which he had so +often heard from his fellow hussars. + +Foward, with God, lads! rang out Densovs voice. At a +twot foward! + +The horses croups began to sway in the front line. Rook pulled at the +reins and started of his own accord. + +Before him, on the right, Rostv saw the front lines of his hussars and +still farther ahead a dark line which he could not see distinctly but +took to be the enemy. Shots could be heard, but some way off. + +Faster! came the word of command, and Rostv felt Rooks flanks +drooping as he broke into a gallop. + +Rostv anticipated his horses movements and became more and more +elated. He had noticed a solitary tree ahead of him. This tree had been +in the middle of the line that had seemed so terribleand now he +had crossed that line and not only was there nothing terrible, but +everything was becoming more and more happy and animated. Oh, how I +will slash at him! thought Rostv, gripping the hilt of his saber. + +Hur-a-a-a-ah! came a roar of voices. Let anyone come my way +now, thought Rostv driving his spurs into Rook and letting him go +at a full gallop so that he outstripped the others. Ahead, the enemy was +already visible. Suddenly something like a birch broom seemed to sweep +over the squadron. Rostv raised his saber, ready to strike, but at +that instant the trooper Niktenko, who was galloping ahead, shot away +from him, and Rostv felt as in a dream that he continued to be carried +forward with unnatural speed but yet stayed on the same spot. From +behind him Bondarchk, an hussar he knew, jolted against him and looked +angrily at him. Bondarchks horse swerved and galloped past. + +How is it I am not moving? I have fallen, I am killed! Rostv +asked and answered at the same instant. He was alone in the middle of a +field. Instead of the moving horses and hussars backs, he saw nothing +before him but the motionless earth and the stubble around him. There +was warm blood under his arm. No, I am wounded and the horse is +killed. Rook tried to rise on his forelegs but fell back, pinning his +riders leg. Blood was flowing from his head he struggled but could +not rise. Rostv also tried to rise but fell back, his sabretache +having become entangled in the saddle. Where our men were, and where the +French, he did not know. There was no one near. + +Having disentangled his leg, he rose. Where, on which side, was now +the line that had so sharply divided the two armies? he asked himself +and could not answer. Can something bad have happened to me? +he wondered as he got up and at that moment he felt that something +superfluous was hanging on his benumbed left arm. The wrist felt as if +it were not his. He examined his hand carefully, vainly trying to find +blood on it. Ah, here are people coming, he thought joyfully, +seeing some men running toward him. They will help me! In front +came a man wearing a strange shako and a blue cloak, swarthy, sunburned, +and with a hooked nose. Then came two more, and many more running +behind. One of them said something strange, not in Russian. In among the +hindmost of these men wearing similar shakos was a Russian hussar. He +was being held by the arms and his horse was being led behind him. + +It must be one of ours, a prisoner. Yes. Can it be that they will +take me too? Who are these men? thought Rostv, scarcely believing +his eyes. Can they be French? He looked at the approaching +Frenchmen, and though but a moment before he had been galloping to get +at them and hack them to pieces, their proximity now seemed so awful +that he could not believe his eyes. Who are they? Why are they +running? Can they be coming at me? And why? To kill me? Me whom everyone +is so fond of? He remembered his mothers love for him, and his +familys, and his friends, and the enemys intention to kill him +seemed impossible. But perhaps they may do it! For more than ten +seconds he stood not moving from the spot or realizing the situation. +The foremost Frenchman, the one with the hooked nose, was already so +close that the expression of his face could be seen. And the excited, +alien face of that man, his bayonet hanging down, holding his breath, +and running so lightly, frightened Rostv. He seized his pistol and, +instead of firing it, flung it at the Frenchman and ran with all his +might toward the bushes. He did not now run with the feeling of doubt +and conflict with which he had trodden the Enns bridge, but with the +feeling of a hare fleeing from the hounds. One single sentiment, that +of fear for his young and happy life, possessed his whole being. Rapidly +leaping the furrows, he fled across the field with the impetuosity he +used to show at catchplay, now and then turning his good-natured, pale, +young face to look back. A shudder of terror went through him No, +better not look, he thought, but having reached the bushes he glanced +round once more. The French had fallen behind, and just as he looked +round the first man changed his run to a walk and, turning, shouted +something loudly to a comrade farther back. Rostv paused. No, +theres some mistake, thought he. They cant have wanted to +kill me. But at the same time, his left arm felt as heavy as if +a seventy-pound weight were tied to it. He could run no more. The +Frenchman also stopped and took aim. Rostv closed his eyes and stooped +down. One bullet and then another whistled past him. He mustered his +last remaining strength, took hold of his left hand with his right, and +reached the bushes. Behind these were some Russian sharpshooters. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +The infantry regiments that had been caught unawares in the outskirts +of the wood ran out of it, the different companies getting mixed, and +retreated as a disorderly crowd. One soldier, in his fear, uttered the +senseless cry, Cut off! that is so terrible in battle, and that +word infected the whole crowd with a feeling of panic. + +Surrounded! Cut off? Were lost! shouted the fugitives. + +The moment he heard the firing and the cry from behind, the general +realized that something dreadful had happened to his regiment, and the +thought that he, an exemplary officer of many years service who +had never been to blame, might be held responsible at headquarters +for negligence or inefficiency so staggered him that, forgetting the +recalcitrant cavalry colonel, his own dignity as a general, and above +all quite forgetting the danger and all regard for self-preservation, he +clutched the crupper of his saddle and, spurring his horse, galloped to +the regiment under a hail of bullets which fell around, but fortunately +missed him. His one desire was to know what was happening and at any +cost correct, or remedy, the mistake if he had made one, so that he, +an exemplary officer of twenty-two years service, who had never been +censured, should not be held to blame. + +Having galloped safely through the French, he reached a field behind +the copse across which our men, regardless of orders, were running and +descending the valley. That moment of moral hesitation which decides +the fate of battles had arrived. Would this disorderly crowd of soldiers +attend to the voice of their commander, or would they, disregarding him, +continue their flight? Despite his desperate shouts that used to seem +so terrible to the soldiers, despite his furious purple countenance +distorted out of all likeness to his former self, and the flourishing of +his saber, the soldiers all continued to run, talking, firing into the +air, and disobeying orders. The moral hesitation which decided the fate +of battles was evidently culminating in a panic. + +The general had a fit of coughing as a result of shouting and of the +powder smoke and stopped in despair. Everything seemed lost. But at that +moment the French who were attacking, suddenly and without any apparent +reason, ran back and disappeared from the outskirts, and Russian +sharpshooters showed themselves in the copse. It was Timkhins +company, which alone had maintained its order in the wood and, having +lain in ambush in a ditch, now attacked the French unexpectedly. +Timkhin, armed only with a sword, had rushed at the enemy with such +a desperate cry and such mad, drunken determination that, taken by +surprise, the French had thrown down their muskets and run. Dlokhov, +running beside Timkhin, killed a Frenchman at close quarters and was +the first to seize the surrendering French officer by his collar. Our +fugitives returned, the battalions re-formed, and the French who had +nearly cut our left flank in half were for the moment repulsed. Our +reserve units were able to join up, and the fight was at an end. The +regimental commander and Major Ekonmov had stopped beside a bridge, +letting the retreating companies pass by them, when a soldier came up +and took hold of the commanders stirrup, almost leaning against him. +The man was wearing a bluish coat of broadcloth, he had no knapsack +or cap, his head was bandaged, and over his shoulder a French munition +pouch was slung. He had an officers sword in his hand. The soldier +was pale, his blue eyes looked impudently into the commanders face, +and his lips were smiling. Though the commander was occupied in giving +instructions to Major Ekonmov, he could not help taking notice of the +soldier. + +Your excellency, here are two trophies, said Dlokhov, pointing +to the French sword and pouch. I have taken an officer prisoner. I +stopped the company. Dlokhov breathed heavily from weariness and +spoke in abrupt sentences. The whole company can bear witness. I beg +you will remember this, your excellency! + +All right, all right, replied the commander, and turned to Major +Ekonmov. + +But Dlokhov did not go away he untied the handkerchief around his +head, pulled it off, and showed the blood congealed on his hair. + +A bayonet wound. I remained at the front. Remember, your +excellency! + + +Tshins battery had been forgotten and only at the very end of the +action did Prince Bagratin, still hearing the cannonade in the center, +send his orderly staff officer, and later Prince Andrew also, to order +the battery to retire as quickly as possible. When the supports attached +to Tshins battery had been moved away in the middle of the action +by someones order, the battery had continued firing and was only not +captured by the French because the enemy could not surmise that anyone +could have the effrontery to continue firing from four quite undefended +guns. On the contrary, the energetic action of that battery led the +French to suppose that herein the centerthe main Russian forces +were concentrated. Twice they had attempted to attack this point, but on +each occasion had been driven back by grapeshot from the four isolated +guns on the hillock. + +Soon after Prince Bagratin had left him, Tshin had succeeded in +setting fire to Schn Grabern. + +Look at them scurrying! Its burning! Just see the smoke! Fine! +Grand! Look at the smoke, the smoke! exclaimed the artillerymen, +brightening up. + +All the guns, without waiting for orders, were being fired in the +direction of the conflagration. As if urging each other on, the soldiers +cried at each shot Fine! Thats good! Look at it... Grand! The +fire, fanned by the breeze, was rapidly spreading. The French columns +that had advanced beyond the village went back but as though in revenge +for this failure, the enemy placed ten guns to the right of the village +and began firing them at Tshins battery. + +In their childlike glee, aroused by the fire and their luck in +successfully cannonading the French, our artillerymen only noticed this +battery when two balls, and then four more, fell among our guns, one +knocking over two horses and another tearing off a munition-wagon +drivers leg. Their spirits once roused were, however, not diminished, +but only changed character. The horses were replaced by others from a +reserve gun carriage, the wounded were carried away, and the four guns +were turned against the ten-gun battery. Tshins companion officer +had been killed at the beginning of the engagement and within an hour +seventeen of the forty men of the guns crews had been disabled, but +the artillerymen were still as merry and lively as ever. Twice they +noticed the French appearing below them, and then they fired grapeshot +at them. + +Little Tshin, moving feebly and awkwardly, kept telling his orderly to +refill my pipe for that one! and then, scattering sparks from it, +ran forward shading his eyes with his small hand to look at the French. + +Smack at em, lads! he kept saying, seizing the guns by the +wheels and working the screws himself. + +Amid the smoke, deafened by the incessant reports which always made him +jump, Tshin not taking his pipe from his mouth ran from gun to gun, +now aiming, now counting the charges, now giving orders about replacing +dead or wounded horses and harnessing fresh ones, and shouting in his +feeble voice, so high pitched and irresolute. His face grew more and +more animated. Only when a man was killed or wounded did he frown and +turn away from the sight, shouting angrily at the men who, as is always +the case, hesitated about lifting the injured or dead. The soldiers, +for the most part handsome fellows and, as is always the case in an +artillery company, a head and shoulders taller and twice as broad +as their officerall looked at their commander like children in an +embarrassing situation, and the expression on his face was invariably +reflected on theirs. + +Owing to the terrible uproar and the necessity for concentration and +activity, Tshin did not experience the slightest unpleasant sense of +fear, and the thought that he might be killed or badly wounded never +occurred to him. On the contrary, he became more and more elated. It +seemed to him that it was a very long time ago, almost a day, since he +had first seen the enemy and fired the first shot, and that the corner +of the field he stood on was well-known and familiar ground. Though he +thought of everything, considered everything, and did everything the +best of officers could do in his position, he was in a state akin to +feverish delirium or drunkenness. + +From the deafening sounds of his own guns around him, the whistle and +thud of the enemys cannon balls, from the flushed and perspiring +faces of the crew bustling round the guns, from the sight of the blood +of men and horses, from the little puffs of smoke on the enemys side +(always followed by a ball flying past and striking the earth, a man, a +gun, a horse), from the sight of all these things a fantastic world of +his own had taken possession of his brain and at that moment afforded +him pleasure. The enemys guns were in his fancy not guns but pipes +from which occasional puffs were blown by an invisible smoker. + +There... hes puffing again, muttered Tshin to himself, as a +small cloud rose from the hill and was borne in a streak to the left by +the wind. + +Now look out for the ball... well throw it back. + +What do you want, your honor? asked an artilleryman, standing +close by, who heard him muttering. + +Nothing... only a shell... he answered. + +Come along, our Matvvna! he said to himself. Matvvna * +was the name his fancy gave to the farthest gun of the battery, which +was large and of an old pattern. The French swarming round their guns +seemed to him like ants. In that world, the handsome drunkard Number One +of the second guns crew was uncle Tshin looked at him more +often than at anyone else and took delight in his every movement. +The sound of musketry at the foot of the hill, now diminishing, now +increasing, seemed like someones breathing. He listened intently to +the ebb and flow of these sounds. + + * Daughter of Matthew. + +Ah! Breathing again, breathing! he muttered to himself. + +He imagined himself as an enormously tall, powerful man who was throwing +cannon balls at the French with both hands. + +Now then, Matvvna, dear old lady, dont let me down! he was +saying as he moved from the gun, when a strange, unfamiliar voice called +above his head Captain Tshin! Captain! + +Tshin turned round in dismay. It was the staff officer who had turned +him out of the booth at Grunth. He was shouting in a gasping voice + +Are you mad? You have twice been ordered to retreat, and you... + +Why are they down on me? thought Tshin, looking in alarm at his +superior. + +I... dont... he muttered, holding up two fingers to his cap. +I... + +But the staff officer did not finish what he wanted to say. A cannon +ball, flying close to him, caused him to duck and bend over his horse. +He paused, and just as he was about to say something more, another ball +stopped him. He turned his horse and galloped off. + +Retire! All to retire! he shouted from a distance. + +The soldiers laughed. A moment later, an adjutant arrived with the same +order. + +It was Prince Andrew. The first thing he saw on riding up to the space +where Tshins guns were stationed was an unharnessed horse with a +broken leg, that lay screaming piteously beside the harnessed horses. +Blood was gushing from its leg as from a spring. Among the limbers lay +several dead men. One ball after another passed over as he approached +and he felt a nervous shudder run down his spine. But the mere thought +of being afraid roused him again. I cannot be afraid, thought he, +and dismounted slowly among the guns. He delivered the order and did +not leave the battery. He decided to have the guns removed from their +positions and withdrawn in his presence. Together with Tshin, stepping +across the bodies and under a terrible fire from the French, he attended +to the removal of the guns. + +A staff officer was here a minute ago, but skipped off, said an +artilleryman to Prince Andrew. Not like your honor! + +Prince Andrew said nothing to Tshin. They were both so busy as to seem +not to notice one another. When having limbered up the only two cannon +that remained uninjured out of the four, they began moving down the hill +(one shattered gun and one unicorn were left behind), Prince Andrew rode +up to Tshin. + +Well, till we meet again... he said, holding out his hand to +Tshin. + +Good-by, my dear fellow, said Tshin. Dear soul! Good-by, my +dear fellow! and for some unknown reason tears suddenly filled his +eyes. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +The wind had fallen and black clouds, merging with the powder smoke, +hung low over the field of battle on the horizon. It was growing +dark and the glow of two conflagrations was the more conspicuous. The +cannonade was dying down, but the rattle of musketry behind and on the +right sounded oftener and nearer. As soon as Tshin with his guns, +continually driving round or coming upon wounded men, was out of range +of fire and had descended into the dip, he was met by some of the staff, +among them the staff officer and Zherkv, who had been twice sent to +Tshins battery but had never reached it. Interrupting one +another, they all gave, and transmitted, orders as to how to proceed, +reprimanding and reproaching him. Tshin gave no orders, and, +silentlyfearing to speak because at every word he felt ready to +weep without knowing whyrode behind on his artillery nag. Though +the orders were to abandon the wounded, many of them dragged themselves +after troops and begged for seats on the gun carriages. The jaunty +infantry officer who just before the battle had rushed out of +Tshins wattle shed was laid, with a bullet in his stomach, on +Matvvnas carriage. At the foot of the hill, a pale hussar +cadet, supporting one hand with the other, came up to Tshin and asked +for a seat. + +Captain, for Gods sake! Ive hurt my arm, he said timidly. +For Gods sake... I cant walk. For Gods sake! + +It was plain that this cadet had already repeatedly asked for a lift and +been refused. He asked in a hesitating, piteous voice. + +Tell them to give me a seat, for Gods sake! + +Give him a seat, said Tshin. Lay a cloak for him to sit on, +lad, he said, addressing his favorite soldier. And where is the +wounded officer? + +He has been set down. He died, replied someone. + +Help him up. Sit down, dear fellow, sit down! Spread out the cloak, +Antnov. + +The cadet was Rostv. With one hand he supported the other he was +pale and his jaw trembled, shivering feverishly. He was placed on +Matvvna, the gun from which they had removed the dead officer. +The cloak they spread under him was wet with blood which stained his +breeches and arm. + +What, are you wounded, my lad? said Tshin, approaching the gun +on which Rostv sat. + +No, its a sprain. + +Then what is this blood on the gun carriage? inquired Tshin. + +It was the officer, your honor, stained it, answered the +artilleryman, wiping away the blood with his coat sleeve, as if +apologizing for the state of his gun. + +It was all that they could do to get the guns up the rise aided by the +infantry, and having reached the village of Gruntersdorf they halted. It +had grown so dark that one could not distinguish the uniforms ten paces +off, and the firing had begun to subside. Suddenly, near by on the +right, shouting and firing were again heard. Flashes of shot gleamed in +the darkness. This was the last French attack and was met by soldiers +who had sheltered in the village houses. They all rushed out of +the village again, but Tshins guns could not move, and the +artillerymen, Tshin, and the cadet exchanged silent glances as they +awaited their fate. The firing died down and soldiers, talking eagerly, +streamed out of a side street. + +Not hurt, Petrv? asked one. + +Weve given it em hot, mate! They wont make another push +now, said another. + +You couldnt see a thing. How they shot at their own fellows! +Nothing could be seen. Pitch-dark, brother! Isnt there something to +drink? + +The French had been repulsed for the last time. And again and again in +the complete darkness Tshins guns moved forward, surrounded by the +humming infantry as by a frame. + +In the darkness, it seemed as though a gloomy unseen river was flowing +always in one direction, humming with whispers and talk and the sound of +hoofs and wheels. Amid the general rumble, the groans and voices of the +wounded were more distinctly heard than any other sound in the darkness +of the night. The gloom that enveloped the army was filled with their +groans, which seemed to melt into one with the darkness of the night. +After a while the moving mass became agitated, someone rode past on +a white horse followed by his suite, and said something in passing +What did he say? Where to, now? Halt, is it? Did he thank us? came +eager questions from all sides. The whole moving mass began pressing +closer together and a report spread that they were ordered to halt +evidently those in front had halted. All remained where they were in the +middle of the muddy road. + +Fires were lighted and the talk became more audible. Captain Tshin, +having given orders to his company, sent a soldier to find a dressing +station or a doctor for the cadet, and sat down by a bonfire the +soldiers had kindled on the road. Rostv, too, dragged himself to the +fire. From pain, cold, and damp, a feverish shivering shook his whole +body. Drowsiness was irresistibly mastering him, but he kept awake by +an excruciating pain in his arm, for which he could find no satisfactory +position. He kept closing his eyes and then again looking at the fire, +which seemed to him dazzlingly red, and at the feeble, round-shouldered +figure of Tshin who was sitting cross-legged like a Turk beside him. +Tshins large, kind, intelligent eyes were fixed with sympathy and +commiseration on Rostv, who saw that Tshin with his whole heart +wished to help him but could not. + +From all sides were heard the footsteps and talk of the infantry, who +were walking, driving past, and settling down all around. The sound +of voices, the tramping feet, the horses hoofs moving in mud, the +crackling of wood fires near and afar, merged into one tremulous rumble. + +It was no longer, as before, a dark, unseen river flowing through the +gloom, but a dark sea swelling and gradually subsiding after a storm. +Rostv looked at and listened listlessly to what passed before and +around him. An infantryman came to the fire, squatted on his heels, held +his hands to the blaze, and turned away his face. + +You dont mind your honor? he asked Tshin. Ive lost my +company, your honor. I dont know where... such bad luck! + +With the soldier, an infantry officer with a bandaged cheek came up to +the bonfire, and addressing Tshin asked him to have the guns moved a +trifle to let a wagon go past. After he had gone, two soldiers rushed to +the campfire. They were quarreling and fighting desperately, each trying +to snatch from the other a boot they were both holding on to. + +You picked it up?... I dare say! Youre very smart! one of them +shouted hoarsely. + +Then a thin, pale soldier, his neck bandaged with a bloodstained leg +band, came up and in angry tones asked the artillerymen for water. + +Must one die like a dog? said he. + +Tshin told them to give the man some water. Then a cheerful soldier +ran up, begging a little fire for the infantry. + +A nice little hot torch for the infantry! Good luck to you, fellow +countrymen. Thanks for the firewell return it with interest, +said he, carrying away into the darkness a glowing stick. + +Next came four soldiers, carrying something heavy on a cloak, and passed +by the fire. One of them stumbled. + +Who the devil has put the logs on the road? snarled he. + +Hes deadwhy carry him? said another. + +Shut up! + +And they disappeared into the darkness with their load. + +Still aching? Tshin asked Rostv in a whisper. + +Yes. + +Your honor, youre wanted by the general. He is in the hut here, +said a gunner, coming up to Tshin. + +Coming, friend. + +Tshin rose and, buttoning his greatcoat and pulling it straight, +walked away from the fire. + +Not far from the artillery campfire, in a hut that had been prepared +for him, Prince Bagratin sat at dinner, talking with some commanding +officers who had gathered at his quarters. The little old man with +the half-closed eyes was there greedily gnawing a mutton bone, and the +general who had served blamelessly for twenty-two years, flushed by a +glass of vodka and the dinner and the staff officer with the signet +ring, and Zherkv, uneasily glancing at them all, and Prince Andrew, +pale, with compressed lips and feverishly glittering eyes. + +In a corner of the hut stood a standard captured from the French, and +the accountant with the nave face was feeling its texture, shaking his +head in perplexityperhaps because the banner really interested him, +perhaps because it was hard for him, hungry as he was, to look on at +a dinner where there was no place for him. In the next hut there was a +French colonel who had been taken prisoner by our dragoons. Our officers +were flocking in to look at him. Prince Bagratin was thanking the +individual commanders and inquiring into details of the action and our +losses. The general whose regiment had been inspected at Braunau was +informing the prince that as soon as the action began he had withdrawn +from the wood, mustered the men who were woodcutting, and, allowing the +French to pass him, had made a bayonet charge with two battalions and +had broken up the French troops. + +When I saw, your excellency, that their first battalion was +disorganized, I stopped in the road and thought Ill let them +come on and will meet them with the fire of the whole battalionand +thats what I did. + +The general had so wished to do this and was so sorry he had not managed +to do it that it seemed to him as if it had really happened. Perhaps +it might really have been so? Could one possibly make out amid all that +confusion what did or did not happen? + +By the way, your excellency, I should inform you, he +continuedremembering Dlokhovs conversation with Kutzov and his +last interview with the gentleman-rankerthat Private Dlokhov, +who was reduced to the ranks, took a French officer prisoner in my +presence and particularly distinguished himself. + +I saw the Pvlograd hussars attack there, your excellency, chimed +in Zherkv, looking uneasily around. He had not seen the hussars all +that day, but had heard about them from an infantry officer. They +broke up two squares, your excellency. + +Several of those present smiled at Zherkvs words, expecting one of +his usual jokes, but noticing that what he was saying redounded to +the glory of our arms and of the days work, they assumed a serious +expression, though many of them knew that what he was saying was a lie +devoid of any foundation. Prince Bagratin turned to the old colonel + +Gentlemen, I thank you all all arms have behaved heroically +infantry, cavalry, and artillery. How was it that two guns were +abandoned in the center? he inquired, searching with his eyes for +someone. (Prince Bagratin did not ask about the guns on the left +flank he knew that all the guns there had been abandoned at the very +beginning of the action.) I think I sent you? he added, turning to +the staff officer on duty. + +One was damaged, answered the staff officer, and the other I +cant understand. I was there all the time giving orders and had only +just left.... It is true that it was hot there, he added, modestly. + +Someone mentioned that Captain Tshin was bivouacking close to the +village and had already been sent for. + +Oh, but you were there? said Prince Bagratin, addressing Prince +Andrew. + +Of course, we only just missed one another, said the staff +officer, with a smile to Bolknski. + +I had not the pleasure of seeing you, said Prince Andrew, coldly +and abruptly. + +All were silent. Tshin appeared at the threshold and made his way +timidly from behind the backs of the generals. As he stepped past the +generals in the crowded hut, feeling embarrassed as he always was by the +sight of his superiors, he did not notice the staff of the banner and +stumbled over it. Several of those present laughed. + +How was it a gun was abandoned? asked Bagratin, frowning, not so +much at the captain as at those who were laughing, among whom Zherkv +laughed loudest. + +Only now, when he was confronted by the stern authorities, did his guilt +and the disgrace of having lost two guns and yet remaining alive present +themselves to Tshin in all their horror. He had been so excited that +he had not thought about it until that moment. The officers laughter +confused him still more. He stood before Bagratin with his lower +jaw trembling and was hardly able to mutter I dont know... your +excellency... I had no men... your excellency. + +You might have taken some from the covering troops. + +Tshin did not say that there were no covering troops, though that +was perfectly true. He was afraid of getting some other officer into +trouble, and silently fixed his eyes on Bagratin as a schoolboy who +has blundered looks at an examiner. + +The silence lasted some time. Prince Bagratin, apparently not wishing +to be severe, found nothing to say the others did not venture to +intervene. Prince Andrew looked at Tshin from under his brows and his +fingers twitched nervously. + +Your excellency! Prince Andrew broke the silence with his abrupt +voice, you were pleased to send me to Captain Tshins battery. I +went there and found two thirds of the men and horses knocked out, two +guns smashed, and no supports at all. + +Prince Bagratin and Tshin looked with equal intentness at +Bolknski, who spoke with suppressed agitation. + +And, if your excellency will allow me to express my opinion, he +continued, we owe todays success chiefly to the action of that +battery and the heroic endurance of Captain Tshin and his company, +and without awaiting a reply, Prince Andrew rose and left the table. + +Prince Bagratin looked at Tshin, evidently reluctant to show +distrust in Bolknskis emphatic opinion yet not feeling able fully +to credit it, bent his head, and told Tshin that he could go. Prince +Andrew went out with him. + +Thank you you saved me, my dear fellow! said Tshin. + +Prince Andrew gave him a look, but said nothing and went away. He felt +sad and depressed. It was all so strange, so unlike what he had hoped. + + +Who are they? Why are they here? What do they want? And when will +all this end? thought Rostv, looking at the changing shadows before +him. The pain in his arm became more and more intense. Irresistible +drowsiness overpowered him, red rings danced before his eyes, and the +impression of those voices and faces and a sense of loneliness merged +with the physical pain. It was they, these soldierswounded and +unwoundedit was they who were crushing, weighing down, and twisting +the sinews and scorching the flesh of his sprained arm and shoulder. To +rid himself of them he closed his eyes. + +For a moment he dozed, but in that short interval innumerable things +appeared to him in a dream his mother and her large white hand, +Snyas thin little shoulders, Natshas eyes and laughter, +Densov with his voice and mustache, and Telynin and all that affair +with Telynin and Bogdnich. That affair was the same thing as this +soldier with the harsh voice, and it was that affair and this soldier +that were so agonizingly, incessantly pulling and pressing his arm and +always dragging it in one direction. He tried to get away from them, but +they would not for an instant let his shoulder move a hairs breadth. +It would not acheit would be wellif only they did not pull it, but +it was impossible to get rid of them. + +He opened his eyes and looked up. The black canopy of night hung less +than a yard above the glow of the charcoal. Flakes of falling snow were +fluttering in that light. Tshin had not returned, the doctor had not +come. He was alone now, except for a soldier who was sitting naked at +the other side of the fire, warming his thin yellow body. + +Nobody wants me! thought Rostv. There is no one to help me or +pity me. Yet I was once at home, strong, happy, and loved. He sighed +and, doing so, groaned involuntarily. + +Eh, is anything hurting you? asked the soldier, shaking his shirt +out over the fire, and not waiting for an answer he gave a grunt and +added What a lot of men have been crippled todayfrightful! + +Rostv did not listen to the soldier. He looked at the snowflakes +fluttering above the fire and remembered a Russian winter at his warm, +bright home, his fluffy fur coat, his quickly gliding sleigh, his +healthy body, and all the affection and care of his family. And why +did I come here? he wondered. + +Next day the French army did not renew their attack, and the remnant of +Bagratins detachment was reunited to Kutzovs army. + + + + + +BOOK THREE 1805 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Prince Vasli was not a man who deliberately thought out his plans. +Still less did he think of injuring anyone for his own advantage. He +was merely a man of the world who had got on and to whom getting on had +become a habit. Schemes and devices for which he never rightly accounted +to himself, but which formed the whole interest of his life, +were constantly shaping themselves in his mind, arising from the +circumstances and persons he met. Of these plans he had not merely one +or two in his head but dozens, some only beginning to form themselves, +some approaching achievement, and some in course of disintegration. He +did not, for instance, say to himself This man now has influence, I +must gain his confidence and friendship and through him obtain a special +grant. Nor did he say to himself Pierre is a rich man, I must +entice him to marry my daughter and lend me the forty thousand rubles +I need. But when he came across a man of position his instinct +immediately told him that this man could be useful, and without any +premeditation Prince Vasli took the first opportunity to gain his +confidence, flatter him, become intimate with him, and finally make his +request. + +He had Pierre at hand in Moscow and procured for him an appointment as +Gentleman of the Bedchamber, which at that time conferred the status of +Councilor of State, and insisted on the young man accompanying him to +Petersburg and staying at his house. With apparent absent-mindedness, +yet with unhesitating assurance that he was doing the right thing, +Prince Vasli did everything to get Pierre to marry his daughter. Had +he thought out his plans beforehand he could not have been so natural +and shown such unaffected familiarity in intercourse with everybody both +above and below him in social standing. Something always drew him toward +those richer and more powerful than himself and he had rare skill in +seizing the most opportune moment for making use of people. + +Pierre, on unexpectedly becoming Count Bezkhov and a rich man, felt +himself after his recent loneliness and freedom from cares so beset and +preoccupied that only in bed was he able to be by himself. He had to +sign papers, to present himself at government offices, the purpose of +which was not clear to him, to question his chief steward, to visit his +estate near Moscow, and to receive many people who formerly did not +even wish to know of his existence but would now have been offended +and grieved had he chosen not to see them. These different +peoplebusinessmen, relations, and acquaintances alikewere all +disposed to treat the young heir in the most friendly and flattering +manner they were all evidently firmly convinced of Pierres noble +qualities. He was always hearing such words as With your remarkable +kindness, or, With your excellent heart, You are yourself so +honorable, Count, or, Were he as clever as you, and so on, +till he began sincerely to believe in his own exceptional kindness and +extraordinary intelligence, the more so as in the depth of his heart it +had always seemed to him that he really was very kind and intelligent. +Even people who had formerly been spiteful toward him and evidently +unfriendly now became gentle and affectionate. The angry eldest +princess, with the long waist and hair plastered down like a dolls, +had come into Pierres room after the funeral. With drooping eyes +and frequent blushes she told him she was very sorry about their past +misunderstandings and did not now feel she had a right to ask him for +anything, except only for permission, after the blow she had received, +to remain for a few weeks longer in the house she so loved and where +she had sacrificed so much. She could not refrain from weeping at these +words. Touched that this statuesque princess could so change, Pierre +took her hand and begged her forgiveness, without knowing what for. +From that day the eldest princess quite changed toward Pierre and began +knitting a striped scarf for him. + +Do this for my sake, mon cher after all, she had to put up with a +great deal from the deceased, said Prince Vasli to him, handing him +a deed to sign for the princess benefit. + +Prince Vasli had come to the conclusion that it was necessary to throw +this bonea bill for thirty thousand rublesto the poor princess +that it might not occur to her to speak of his share in the affair of +the inlaid portfolio. Pierre signed the deed and after that the princess +grew still kinder. The younger sisters also became affectionate to him, +especially the youngest, the pretty one with the mole, who often made +him feel confused by her smiles and her own confusion when meeting him. + +It seemed so natural to Pierre that everyone should like him, and it +would have seemed so unnatural had anyone disliked him, that he could +not but believe in the sincerity of those around him. Besides, he had +no time to ask himself whether these people were sincere or not. He +was always busy and always felt in a state of mild and cheerful +intoxication. He felt as though he were the center of some important and +general movement that something was constantly expected of him, that if +he did not do it he would grieve and disappoint many people, but if he +did this and that, all would be well and he did what was demanded of +him, but still that happy result always remained in the future. + +More than anyone else, Prince Vasli took possession of Pierres +affairs and of Pierre himself in those early days. From the death of +Count Bezkhov he did not let go his hold of the lad. He had the air of +a man oppressed by business, weary and suffering, who yet would not, for +pitys sake, leave this helpless youth who, after all, was the son of +his old friend and the possessor of such enormous wealth, to the caprice +of fate and the designs of rogues. During the few days he spent in +Moscow after the death of Count Bezkhov, he would call Pierre, or +go to him himself, and tell him what ought to be done in a tone of +weariness and assurance, as if he were adding every time You know +I am overwhelmed with business and it is purely out of charity that +I trouble myself about you, and you also know quite well that what I +propose is the only thing possible. + +Well, my dear fellow, tomorrow we are off at last, said Prince +Vasli one day, closing his eyes and fingering Pierres elbow, +speaking as if he were saying something which had long since been agreed +upon and could not now be altered. We start tomorrow and Im giving +you a place in my carriage. I am very glad. All our important business +here is now settled, and I ought to have been off long ago. Here is +something I have received from the chancellor. I asked him for you, and +you have been entered in the diplomatic corps and made a Gentleman of +the Bedchamber. The diplomatic career now lies open before you. + +Notwithstanding the tone of wearied assurance with which these words +were pronounced, Pierre, who had so long been considering his career, +wished to make some suggestion. But Prince Vasli interrupted him in +the special deep cooing tone, precluding the possibility of interrupting +his speech, which he used in extreme cases when special persuasion was +needed. + +Mais, mon cher, I did this for my own sake, to satisfy my conscience, +and there is nothing to thank me for. No one has ever complained yet of +being too much loved and besides, you are free, you could throw it +up tomorrow. But you will see everything for yourself when you get to +Petersburg. It is high time for you to get away from these terrible +recollections. Prince Vasli sighed. Yes, yes, my boy. And my +valet can go in your carriage. Ah! I was nearly forgetting, he added. +You know, mon cher, your father and I had some accounts to settle, so +I have received what was due from the Ryazn estate and will keep it +you wont require it. Well go into the accounts later. + +By what was due from the Ryazn estate Prince Vasli meant +several thousand rubles quitrent received from Pierres peasants, +which the prince had retained for himself. + +In Petersburg, as in Moscow, Pierre found the same atmosphere of +gentleness and affection. He could not refuse the post, or rather the +rank (for he did nothing), that Prince Vasli had procured for him, +and acquaintances, invitations, and social occupations were so numerous +that, even more than in Moscow, he felt a sense of bewilderment, bustle, +and continual expectation of some good, always in front of him but never +attained. + +Of his former bachelor acquaintances many were no longer in Petersburg. +The Guards had gone to the front Dlokhov had been reduced to the +ranks Anatole was in the army somewhere in the provinces Prince Andrew +was abroad so Pierre had not the opportunity to spend his nights as he +used to like to spend them, or to open his mind by intimate talks with +a friend older than himself and whom he respected. His whole time +was taken up with dinners and balls and was spent chiefly at Prince +Vaslis house in the company of the stout princess, his wife, and +his beautiful daughter Hlne. + +Like the others, Anna Pvlovna Schrer showed Pierre the change of +attitude toward him that had taken place in society. + +Formerly in Anna Pvlovnas presence, Pierre had always felt that +what he was saying was out of place, tactless and unsuitable, that +remarks which seemed to him clever while they formed in his mind became +foolish as soon as he uttered them, while on the contrary Hippolytes +stupidest remarks came out clever and apt. Now everything Pierre said +was charmant. Even if Anna Pvlovna did not say so, he could see that +she wished to and only refrained out of regard for his modesty. + +In the beginning of the winter of 1805-6 Pierre received one of Anna +Pvlovnas usual pink notes with an invitation to which was added +You will find the beautiful Hlne here, whom it is always +delightful to see. + +When he read that sentence, Pierre felt for the first time that some +link which other people recognized had grown up between himself and +Hlne, and that thought both alarmed him, as if some obligation were +being imposed on him which he could not fulfill, and pleased him as an +entertaining supposition. + +Anna Pvlovnas At Home was like the former one, only the +novelty she offered her guests this time was not Mortemart, but a +diplomatist fresh from Berlin with the very latest details of the +Emperor Alexanders visit to Potsdam, and of how the two august +friends had pledged themselves in an indissoluble alliance to uphold +the cause of justice against the enemy of the human race. Anna Pvlovna +received Pierre with a shade of melancholy, evidently relating to the +young mans recent loss by the death of Count Bezkhov (everyone +constantly considered it a duty to assure Pierre that he was greatly +afflicted by the death of the father he had hardly known), and her +melancholy was just like the august melancholy she showed at the mention +of her most august Majesty the Empress Mrya Fdorovna. Pierre felt +flattered by this. Anna Pvlovna arranged the different groups in her +drawing room with her habitual skill. The large group, in which were +Prince Vasli and the generals, had the benefit of the diplomat. +Another group was at the tea table. Pierre wished to join the former, +but Anna Pvlovnawho was in the excited condition of a commander on +a battlefield to whom thousands of new and brilliant ideas occur which +there is hardly time to put in actionseeing Pierre, touched his +sleeve with her finger, saying + +Wait a bit, I have something in view for you this evening. +(She glanced at Hlne and smiled at her.) My dear Hlne, be +charitable to my poor aunt who adores you. Go and keep her company for +ten minutes. And that it will not be too dull, here is the dear count +who will not refuse to accompany you. + +The beauty went to the aunt, but Anna Pvlovna detained Pierre, looking +as if she had to give some final necessary instructions. + +Isnt she exquisite? she said to Pierre, pointing to the stately +beauty as she glided away. And how she carries herself! For so young +a girl, such tact, such masterly perfection of manner! It comes from +her heart. Happy the man who wins her! With her the least worldly of men +would occupy a most brilliant position in society. Dont you think so? +I only wanted to know your opinion, and Anna Pvlovna let Pierre go. + +Pierre, in reply, sincerely agreed with her as to Hlnes +perfection of manner. If he ever thought of Hlne, it was just of +her beauty and her remarkable skill in appearing silently dignified in +society. + +The old aunt received the two young people in her corner, but seemed +desirous of hiding her adoration for Hlne and inclined rather +to show her fear of Anna Pvlovna. She looked at her niece, as if +inquiring what she was to do with these people. On leaving them, Anna +Pvlovna again touched Pierres sleeve, saying I hope you wont +say that it is dull in my house again, and she glanced at Hlne. + +Hlne smiled, with a look implying that she did not admit the +possibility of anyone seeing her without being enchanted. The aunt +coughed, swallowed, and said in French that she was very pleased to see +Hlne, then she turned to Pierre with the same words of welcome +and the same look. In the middle of a dull and halting conversation, +Hlne turned to Pierre with the beautiful bright smile that she gave +to everyone. Pierre was so used to that smile, and it had so little +meaning for him, that he paid no attention to it. The aunt was just +speaking of a collection of snuffboxes that had belonged to Pierres +father, Count Bezkhov, and showed them her own box. Princess Hlne +asked to see the portrait of the aunts husband on the box lid. + +That is probably the work of Vinesse, said Pierre, mentioning +a celebrated miniaturist, and he leaned over the table to take the +snuffbox while trying to hear what was being said at the other table. + +He half rose, meaning to go round, but the aunt handed him the snuffbox, +passing it across Hlnes back. Hlne stooped forward to make +room, and looked round with a smile. She was, as always at evening +parties, wearing a dress such as was then fashionable, cut very low at +front and back. Her bust, which had always seemed like marble to Pierre, +was so close to him that his shortsighted eyes could not but perceive +the living charm of her neck and shoulders, so near to his lips that +he need only have bent his head a little to have touched them. He was +conscious of the warmth of her body, the scent of perfume, and the +creaking of her corset as she moved. He did not see her marble beauty +forming a complete whole with her dress, but all the charm of her body +only covered by her garments. And having once seen this he could not +help being aware of it, just as we cannot renew an illusion we have once +seen through. + +So you have never noticed before how beautiful I am? Hlne +seemed to say. You had not noticed that I am a woman? Yes, I am a +woman who may belong to anyoneto you too, said her glance. And at +that moment Pierre felt that Hlne not only could, but must, be his +wife, and that it could not be otherwise. + +He knew this at that moment as surely as if he had been standing at the +altar with her. How and when this would be he did not know, he did not +even know if it would be a good thing (he even felt, he knew not why, +that it would be a bad thing), but he knew it would happen. + +Pierre dropped his eyes, lifted them again, and wished once more to see +her as a distant beauty far removed from him, as he had seen her every +day until then, but he could no longer do it. He could not, any more +than a man who has been looking at a tuft of steppe grass through the +mist and taking it for a tree can again take it for a tree after he has +once recognized it to be a tuft of grass. She was terribly close to him. +She already had power over him, and between them there was no longer any +barrier except the barrier of his own will. + +Well, I will leave you in your little corner, came Anna +Pvlovnas voice, I see you are all right there. + +And Pierre, anxiously trying to remember whether he had done anything +reprehensible, looked round with a blush. It seemed to him that everyone +knew what had happened to him as he knew it himself. + +A little later when he went up to the large circle, Anna Pvlovna said +to him I hear you are refitting your Petersburg house? + +This was true. The architect had told him that it was necessary, and +Pierre, without knowing why, was having his enormous Petersburg house +done up. + +Thats a good thing, but dont move from Prince Vaslis. It +is good to have a friend like the prince, she said, smiling at Prince +Vasli. I know something about that. Dont I? And you are still so +young. You need advice. Dont be angry with me for exercising an old +womans privilege. + +She paused, as women always do, expecting something after they have +mentioned their age. If you marry it will be a different thing, +she continued, uniting them both in one glance. Pierre did not look at +Hlne nor she at him. But she was just as terribly close to him. He +muttered something and colored. + +When he got home he could not sleep for a long time for thinking of what +had happened. What had happened? Nothing. He had merely understood that +the woman he had known as a child, of whom when her beauty was mentioned +he had said absent-mindedly Yes, shes good looking, he had +understood that this woman might belong to him. + +But shes stupid. I have myself said she is stupid, he thought. +There is something nasty, something wrong, in the feeling she excites +in me. I have been told that her brother Anatole was in love with her +and she with him, that there was quite a scandal and that thats why +he was sent away. Hippolyte is her brother... Prince Vasli is her +father... Its bad.... he reflected, but while he was thinking this +(the reflection was still incomplete), he caught himself smiling and was +conscious that another line of thought had sprung up, and while thinking +of her worthlessness he was also dreaming of how she would be his +wife, how she would love him become quite different, and how all he had +thought and heard of her might be false. And he again saw her not as the +daughter of Prince Vasli, but visualized her whole body only veiled +by its gray dress. But no! Why did this thought never occur to me +before? and again he told himself that it was impossible, that there +would be something unnatural, and as it seemed to him dishonorable, in +this marriage. He recalled her former words and looks and the words +and looks of those who had seen them together. He recalled Anna +Pvlovnas words and looks when she spoke to him about his house, +recalled thousands of such hints from Prince Vasli and others, and was +seized by terror lest he had already, in some way, bound himself to do +something that was evidently wrong and that he ought not to do. But at +the very time he was expressing this conviction to himself, in another +part of his mind her image rose in all its womanly beauty. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +In November, 1805, Prince Vasli had to go on a tour of inspection +in four different provinces. He had arranged this for himself so as to +visit his neglected estates at the same time and pick up his son Anatole +where his regiment was stationed, and take him to visit Prince Nicholas +Bolknski in order to arrange a match for him with the daughter of that +rich old man. But before leaving home and undertaking these new affairs, +Prince Vasli had to settle matters with Pierre, who, it is true, had +latterly spent whole days at home, that is, in Prince Vaslis house +where he was staying, and had been absurd, excited, and foolish in +Hlnes presence (as a lover should be), but had not yet proposed +to her. + +This is all very fine, but things must be settled, said Prince +Vasli to himself, with a sorrowful sigh, one morning, feeling that +Pierre who was under such obligations to him (But never mind that) +was not behaving very well in this matter. Youth, frivolity... well, +God be with him, thought he, relishing his own goodness of heart, +but it must be brought to a head. The day after tomorrow will be +Llyas name day. I will invite two or three people, and if he does +not understand what he ought to do then it will be my affairyes, my +affair. I am her father. + +Six weeks after Anna Pvlovnas At Home and after the sleepless +night when he had decided that to marry Hlne would be a calamity and +that he ought to avoid her and go away, Pierre, despite that decision, +had not left Prince Vaslis and felt with terror that in peoples +eyes he was every day more and more connected with her, that it was +impossible for him to return to his former conception of her, that he +could not break away from her, and that though it would be a terrible +thing he would have to unite his fate with hers. He might perhaps have +been able to free himself but that Prince Vasli (who had rarely before +given receptions) now hardly let a day go by without having an evening +party at which Pierre had to be present unless he wished to spoil +the general pleasure and disappoint everyones expectation. Prince +Vasli, in the rare moments when he was at home, would take Pierres +hand in passing and draw it downwards, or absent-mindedly hold out his +wrinkled, clean-shaven cheek for Pierre to kiss and would say Till +tomorrow, or, Be in to dinner or I shall not see you, or, I +am staying in for your sake, and so on. And though Prince Vasli, +when he stayed in (as he said) for Pierres sake, hardly exchanged a +couple of words with him, Pierre felt unable to disappoint him. +Every day he said to himself one and the same thing It is time I +understood her and made up my mind what she really is. Was I mistaken +before, or am I mistaken now? No, she is not stupid, she is an excellent +girl, he sometimes said to himself she never makes a mistake, +never says anything stupid. She says little, but what she does say is +always clear and simple, so she is not stupid. She never was abashed and +is not abashed now, so she cannot be a bad woman! He had often begun +to make reflections or think aloud in her company, and she had always +answered him either by a brief but appropriate remarkshowing that it +did not interest heror by a silent look and smile which more palpably +than anything else showed Pierre her superiority. She was right in +regarding all arguments as nonsense in comparison with that smile. + +She always addressed him with a radiantly confiding smile meant for him +alone, in which there was something more significant than in the general +smile that usually brightened her face. Pierre knew that everyone was +waiting for him to say a word and cross a certain line, and he knew that +sooner or later he would step across it, but an incomprehensible terror +seized him at the thought of that dreadful step. A thousand times during +that month and a half while he felt himself drawn nearer and nearer to +that dreadful abyss, Pierre said to himself What am I doing? I need +resolution. Can it be that I have none? + +He wished to take a decision, but felt with dismay that in this matter +he lacked that strength of will which he had known in himself and really +possessed. Pierre was one of those who are only strong when they feel +themselves quite innocent, and since that day when he was overpowered +by a feeling of desire while stooping over the snuffbox at Anna +Pvlovnas, an unacknowledged sense of the guilt of that desire +paralyzed his will. + +On Hlnes name day, a small party of just their own peopleas +his wife saidmet for supper at Prince Vaslis. All these friends +and relations had been given to understand that the fate of the young +girl would be decided that evening. The visitors were seated at supper. +Princess Kurgina, a portly imposing woman who had once been handsome, +was sitting at the head of the table. On either side of her sat the +more important guestsan old general and his wife, and Anna Pvlovna +Schrer. At the other end sat the younger and less important guests, +and there too sat the members of the family, and Pierre and Hlne, +side by side. Prince Vasli was not having any supper he went round +the table in a merry mood, sitting down now by one, now by another, of +the guests. To each of them he made some careless and agreeable remark +except to Pierre and Hlne, whose presence he seemed not to notice. +He enlivened the whole party. The wax candles burned brightly, the +silver and crystal gleamed, so did the ladies toilets and the gold +and silver of the mens epaulets servants in scarlet liveries moved +round the table, the clatter of plates, knives, and glasses mingled with +the animated hum of several conversations. At one end of the table, the +old chamberlain was heard assuring an old baroness that he loved her +passionately, at which she laughed at the other could be heard the +story of the misfortunes of some Mary Vktorovna or other. At the +center of the table, Prince Vasli attracted everybodys attention. +With a facetious smile on his face, he was telling the ladies about last +Wednesdays meeting of the Imperial Council, at which Sergy Kuzmch +Vyazmtinov, the new military governor general of Petersburg, had +received and read the then famous rescript of the Emperor Alexander +from the army to Sergy Kuzmch, in which the Emperor said that he was +receiving from all sides declarations of the peoples loyalty, that +the declaration from Petersburg gave him particular pleasure, and that +he was proud to be at the head of such a nation and would endeavor to be +worthy of it. This rescript began with the words Sergy Kuzmch, +From all sides reports reach me, etc. + +Well, and so he never got farther than Sergy Kuzmch? +asked one of the ladies. + +Exactly, not a hairs breadth farther, answered Prince Vasli, +laughing, Sergy Kuzmch... From all sides... From all sides... +Sergy Kuzmch... Poor Vyazmtinov could not get any farther! +He began the rescript again and again, but as soon as he uttered +Sergy he sobbed, Kuz-m-ch, tears, and From all +sides was smothered in sobs and he could get no farther. And again +his handkerchief, and again Sergy Kuzmch, From all sides,... +and tears, till at last somebody else was asked to read it. + +Kuzmch... From all sides... and then tears, someone repeated +laughing. + +Dont be unkind, cried Anna Pvlovna from her end of the table +holding up a threatening finger. He is such a worthy and excellent +man, our dear Vyazmtinov.... + +Everybody laughed a great deal. At the head of the table, where the +honored guests sat, everyone seemed to be in high spirits and under the +influence of a variety of exciting sensations. Only Pierre and +Hlne sat silently side by side almost at the bottom of the table, a +suppressed smile brightening both their faces, a smile that had nothing +to do with Sergy Kuzmcha smile of bashfulness at their own +feelings. But much as all the rest laughed, talked, and joked, much +as they enjoyed their Rhine wine, saut, and ices, and however they +avoided looking at the young couple, and heedless and unobservant as +they seemed of them, one could feel by the occasional glances they gave +that the story about Sergy Kuzmch, the laughter, and the food +were all a pretense, and that the whole attention of that company was +directed toPierre and Hlne. Prince Vasli mimicked the sobbing +of Sergy Kuzmch and at the same time his eyes glanced toward his +daughter, and while he laughed the expression on his face clearly said +Yes... its getting on, it will all be settled today. Anna +Pvlovna threatened him on behalf of our dear Vyazmtinov, and +in her eyes, which, for an instant, glanced at Pierre, Prince Vasli +read a congratulation on his future son-in-law and on his daughters +happiness. The old princess sighed sadly as she offered some wine to the +old lady next to her and glanced angrily at her daughter, and her sigh +seemed to say Yes, theres nothing left for you and me but to sip +sweet wine, my dear, now that the time has come for these young ones to +be thus boldly, provocatively happy. And what nonsense all this is +that I am saying! thought a diplomatist, glancing at the happy faces +of the lovers. Thats happiness! + +Into the insignificant, trifling, and artificial interests uniting that +society had entered the simple feeling of the attraction of a healthy +and handsome young man and woman for one another. And this human feeling +dominated everything else and soared above all their affected chatter. +Jests fell flat, news was not interesting, and the animation was +evidently forced. Not only the guests but even the footmen waiting at +table seemed to feel this, and they forgot their duties as they looked +at the beautiful Hlne with her radiant face and at the red, broad, +and happy though uneasy face of Pierre. It seemed as if the very light +of the candles was focused on those two happy faces alone. + +Pierre felt that he was the center of it all, and this both pleased and +embarrassed him. He was like a man entirely absorbed in some occupation. +He did not see, hear, or understand anything clearly. Only now and +then detached ideas and impressions from the world of reality shot +unexpectedly through his mind. + +So it is all finished! he thought. And how has it all happened? +How quickly! Now I know that not because of her alone, nor of myself +alone, but because of everyone, it must inevitably come about. They are +all expecting it, they are so sure that it will happen that I cannot, I +cannot, disappoint them. But how will it be? I do not know, but it +will certainly happen! thought Pierre, glancing at those dazzling +shoulders close to his eyes. + +Or he would suddenly feel ashamed of he knew not what. He felt it +awkward to attract everyones attention and to be considered a +lucky man and, with his plain face, to be looked on as a sort of Paris +possessed of a Helen. But no doubt it always is and must be so! +he consoled himself. And besides, what have I done to bring it about? +How did it begin? I traveled from Moscow with Prince Vasli. Then there +was nothing. So why should I not stay at his house? Then I played cards +with her and picked up her reticule and drove out with her. How did it +begin, when did it all come about? And here he was sitting by her +side as her betrothed, seeing, hearing, feeling her nearness, her +breathing, her movements, her beauty. Then it would suddenly seem to him +that it was not she but he was so unusually beautiful, and that that was +why they all looked so at him, and flattered by this general admiration +he would expand his chest, raise his head, and rejoice at his good +fortune. Suddenly he heard a familiar voice repeating something to him a +second time. But Pierre was so absorbed that he did not understand what +was said. + +I am asking you when you last heard from Bolknski, repeated +Prince Vasli a third time. How absent-minded you are, my dear +fellow. + +Prince Vasli smiled, and Pierre noticed that everyone was smiling at +him and Hlne. Well, what of it, if you all know it? thought +Pierre. What of it? Its the truth! and he himself smiled his +gentle childlike smile, and Hlne smiled too. + +When did you get the letter? Was it from Olmtz? repeated +Prince Vasli, who pretended to want to know this in order to settle a +dispute. + +How can one talk or think of such trifles? thought Pierre. + +Yes, from Olmtz, he answered, with a sigh. + +After supper Pierre with his partner followed the others into the +drawing room. The guests began to disperse, some without taking leave +of Hlne. Some, as if unwilling to distract her from an important +occupation, came up to her for a moment and made haste to go away, +refusing to let her see them off. The diplomatist preserved a mournful +silence as he left the drawing room. He pictured the vanity of his +diplomatic career in comparison with Pierres happiness. The old +general grumbled at his wife when she asked how his leg was. Oh, the +old fool, he thought. That Princess Hlne will be beautiful +still when shes fifty. + +I think I may congratulate you, whispered Anna Pvlovna to the +old princess, kissing her soundly. If I hadnt this headache Id +have stayed longer. + +The old princess did not reply, she was tormented by jealousy of her +daughters happiness. + +While the guests were taking their leave Pierre remained for a long time +alone with Hlne in the little drawing room where they were sitting. +He had often before, during the last six weeks, remained alone with her, +but had never spoken to her of love. Now he felt that it was inevitable, +but he could not make up his mind to take the final step. He felt +ashamed he felt that he was occupying someone elses place here +beside Hlne. This happiness is not for you, some inner voice +whispered to him. This happiness is for those who have not in them +what there is in you. + +But, as he had to say something, he began by asking her whether she was +satisfied with the party. She replied in her usual simple manner that +this name day of hers had been one of the pleasantest she had ever had. + +Some of the nearest relatives had not yet left. They were sitting in +the large drawing room. Prince Vasli came up to Pierre with languid +footsteps. Pierre rose and said it was getting late. Prince Vasli gave +him a look of stern inquiry, as though what Pierre had just said was +so strange that one could not take it in. But then the expression of +severity changed, and he drew Pierres hand downwards, made him sit +down, and smiled affectionately. + +Well, Llya? he asked, turning instantly to his daughter and +addressing her with the careless tone of habitual tenderness natural to +parents who have petted their children from babyhood, but which Prince +Vasli had only acquired by imitating other parents. + +And he again turned to Pierre. + +Sergy KuzmchFrom all sides he said, unbuttoning the top +button of his waistcoat. + +Pierre smiled, but his smile showed that he knew it was not the story +about Sergy Kuzmch that interested Prince Vasli just then, and +Prince Vasli saw that Pierre knew this. He suddenly muttered +something and went away. It seemed to Pierre that even the prince was +disconcerted. The sight of the discomposure of that old man of the world +touched Pierre he looked at Hlne and she too seemed disconcerted, +and her look seemed to say Well, it is your own fault. + +The step must be taken but I cannot, I cannot! thought Pierre, +and he again began speaking about indifferent matters, about Sergy +Kuzmch, asking what the point of the story was as he had not heard it +properly. Hlne answered with a smile that she too had missed it. + +When Prince Vasli returned to the drawing room, the princess, his +wife, was talking in low tones to the elderly lady about Pierre. + +Of course, it is a very brilliant match, but happiness, my dear... + +Marriages are made in heaven, replied the elderly lady. + +Prince Vasli passed by, seeming not to hear the ladies, and sat down +on a sofa in a far corner of the room. He closed his eyes and seemed to +be dozing. His head sank forward and then he roused himself. + +Aline, he said to his wife, go and see what they are about. + +The princess went up to the door, passed by it with a dignified and +indifferent air, and glanced into the little drawing room. Pierre and +Hlne still sat talking just as before. + +Still the same, she said to her husband. + +Prince Vasli frowned, twisting his mouth, his cheeks quivered and his +face assumed the coarse, unpleasant expression peculiar to him. Shaking +himself, he rose, threw back his head, and with resolute steps went +past the ladies into the little drawing room. With quick steps he went +joyfully up to Pierre. His face was so unusually triumphant that Pierre +rose in alarm on seeing it. + +Thank God! said Prince Vasli. My wife has told me +everything! (He put one arm around Pierre and the other around his +daughter.)My dear boy... Llya... I am very pleased. (His +voice trembled.) I loved your father... and she will make you a good +wife... God bless you!... + +He embraced his daughter, and then again Pierre, and kissed him with his +malodorous mouth. Tears actually moistened his cheeks. + +Princess, come here! he shouted. + +The old princess came in and also wept. The elderly lady was using +her handkerchief too. Pierre was kissed, and he kissed the beautiful +Hlnes hand several times. After a while they were left alone +again. + +All this had to be and could not be otherwise, thought Pierre, +so it is useless to ask whether it is good or bad. It is good because +its definite and one is rid of the old tormenting doubt. Pierre +held the hand of his betrothed in silence, looking at her beautiful +bosom as it rose and fell. + +Hlne! he said aloud and paused. + +Something special is always said in such cases, he thought, but +could not remember what it was that people say. He looked at her face. +She drew nearer to him. Her face flushed. + +Oh, take those off... those... she said, pointing to his +spectacles. + +Pierre took them off, and his eyes, besides the strange look eyes have +from which spectacles have just been removed, had also a frightened and +inquiring look. He was about to stoop over her hand and kiss it, but +with a rapid, almost brutal movement of her head, she intercepted his +lips and met them with her own. Her face struck Pierre, by its altered, +unpleasantly excited expression. + +It is too late now, its done besides I love her, thought +Pierre. + +Je vous aime! * he said, remembering what has to be said at such +moments but his words sounded so weak that he felt ashamed of himself. + + * I love you. + + +Six weeks later he was married, and settled in Count Bezkhovs +large, newly furnished Petersburg house, the happy possessor, as people +said, of a wife who was a celebrated beauty and of millions of money. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Old Prince Nicholas Bolknski received a letter from Prince Vasli +in November, 1805, announcing that he and his son would be paying him +a visit. I am starting on a journey of inspection, and of course I +shall think nothing of an extra seventy miles to come and see you at +the same time, my honored benefactor, wrote Prince Vasli. My son +Anatole is accompanying me on his way to the army, so I hope you will +allow him personally to express the deep respect that, emulating his +father, he feels for you. + +It seems that there will be no need to bring Mary out, suitors are +coming to us of their own accord, incautiously remarked the little +princess on hearing the news. + +Prince Nicholas frowned, but said nothing. + +A fortnight after the letter Prince Vaslis servants came one +evening in advance of him, and he and his son arrived next day. + +Old Bolknski had always had a poor opinion of Prince Vaslis +character, but more so recently, since in the new reigns of Paul and +Alexander Prince Vasli had risen to high position and honors. And now, +from the hints contained in his letter and given by the little princess, +he saw which way the wind was blowing, and his low opinion changed into +a feeling of contemptuous ill will. He snorted whenever he mentioned +him. On the day of Prince Vaslis arrival, Prince Bolknski was +particularly discontented and out of temper. Whether he was in a bad +temper because Prince Vasli was coming, or whether his being in a bad +temper made him specially annoyed at Prince Vaslis visit, he was +in a bad temper, and in the morning Tkhon had already advised the +architect not to go to the prince with his report. + +Do you hear how hes walking? said Tkhon, drawing the +architects attention to the sound of the princes footsteps. +Stepping flat on his heelswe know what that means.... + +However, at nine oclock the prince, in his velvet coat with a sable +collar and cap, went out for his usual walk. It had snowed the day +before and the path to the hothouse, along which the prince was in the +habit of walking, had been swept the marks of the broom were still +visible in the snow and a shovel had been left sticking in one of the +soft snowbanks that bordered both sides of the path. The prince went +through the conservatories, the serfs quarters, and the outbuildings, +frowning and silent. + +Can a sleigh pass? he asked his overseer, a venerable man, +resembling his master in manners and looks, who was accompanying him +back to the house. + +The snow is deep. I am having the avenue swept, your honor. + +The prince bowed his head and went up to the porch. God be +thanked, thought the overseer, the storm has blown over! + +It would have been hard to drive up, your honor, he added. I +heard, your honor, that a minister is coming to visit your honor. + +The prince turned round to the overseer and fixed his eyes on him, +frowning. + +What? A minister? What minister? Who gave orders? he said in +his shrill, harsh voice. The road is not swept for the princess my +daughter, but for a minister! For me, there are no ministers! + +Your honor, I thought... + +You thought! shouted the prince, his words coming more and more +rapidly and indistinctly. You thought!... Rascals! Blackguards!... +Ill teach you to think! and lifting his stick he swung it and +would have hit Alptych, the overseer, had not the latter instinctively +avoided the blow. Thought... Blackguards... shouted the prince +rapidly. + +But although Alptych, frightened at his own temerity in avoiding the +stroke, came up to the prince, bowing his bald head resignedly before +him, or perhaps for that very reason, the prince, though he continued +to shout Blackguards!... Throw the snow back on the road! did not +lift his stick again but hurried into the house. + +Before dinner, Princess Mary and Mademoiselle Bourienne, who knew +that the prince was in a bad humor, stood awaiting him Mademoiselle +Bourienne with a radiant face that said I know nothing, I am the +same as usual, and Princess Mary pale, frightened, and with downcast +eyes. What she found hardest to bear was to know that on such occasions +she ought to behave like Mademoiselle Bourienne, but could not. +She thought If I seem not to notice he will think that I do not +sympathize with him if I seem sad and out of spirits myself, he will +say (as he has done before) that Im in the dumps. + +The prince looked at his daughters frightened face and snorted. + +Fool... or dummy! he muttered. + +And the other one is not here. Theyve been telling tales, he +thoughtreferring to the little princess who was not in the dining +room. + +Where is the princess? he asked. Hiding? + +She is not very well, answered Mademoiselle Bourienne with +a bright smile, so she wont come down. It is natural in her +state. + +Hm! Hm! muttered the prince, sitting down. + +His plate seemed to him not quite clean, and pointing to a spot he +flung it away. Tkhon caught it and handed it to a footman. The little +princess was not unwell, but had such an overpowering fear of the prince +that, hearing he was in a bad humor, she had decided not to appear. + +I am afraid for the baby, she said to Mademoiselle Bourienne +Heaven knows what a fright might do. + +In general at Bald Hills the little princess lived in constant fear, and +with a sense of antipathy to the old prince which she did not +realize because the fear was so much the stronger feeling. The prince +reciprocated this antipathy, but it was overpowered by his contempt +for her. When the little princess had grown accustomed to life at Bald +Hills, she took a special fancy to Mademoiselle Bourienne, spent whole +days with her, asked her to sleep in her room, and often talked with her +about the old prince and criticized him. + +So we are to have visitors, mon prince? remarked Mademoiselle +Bourienne, unfolding her white napkin with her rosy fingers. His +Excellency Prince Vasli Kurgin and his son, I understand? she +said inquiringly. + +Hm!his excellency is a puppy.... I got him his appointment in the +service, said the prince disdainfully. Why his son is coming I +dont understand. Perhaps Princess Elizabeth and Princess Mary know. +I dont want him. (He looked at his blushing daughter.) Are you +unwell today? Eh? Afraid of the minister as that idiot Alptych +called him this morning? + +No, mon pre. + +Though Mademoiselle Bourienne had been so unsuccessful in her choice +of a subject, she did not stop talking, but chattered about the +conservatories and the beauty of a flower that had just opened, and +after the soup the prince became more genial. + +After dinner, he went to see his daughter-in-law. The little princess +was sitting at a small table, chattering with Msha, her maid. She grew +pale on seeing her father-in-law. + +She was much altered. She was now plain rather than pretty. Her cheeks +had sunk, her lip was drawn up, and her eyes drawn down. + +Yes, I feel a kind of oppression, she said in reply to the +princes question as to how she felt. + +Do you want anything? + +No, merci, mon pre. + +Well, all right, all right. + +He left the room and went to the waiting room where Alptych stood with +bowed head. + +Has the snow been shoveled back? + +Yes, your excellency. Forgive me for heavens sake... It was only +my stupidity. + +All right, all right, interrupted the prince, and laughing his +unnatural way, he stretched out his hand for Alptych to kiss, and then +proceeded to his study. + +Prince Vasli arrived that evening. He was met in the avenue by +coachmen and footmen, who, with loud shouts, dragged his sleighs up to +one of the lodges over the road purposely laden with snow. + +Prince Vasli and Anatole had separate rooms assigned to them. + +Anatole, having taken off his overcoat, sat with arms akimbo before a +table on a corner of which he smilingly and absent-mindedly fixed his +large and handsome eyes. He regarded his whole life as a continual round +of amusement which someone for some reason had to provide for him. +And he looked on this visit to a churlish old man and a rich and ugly +heiress in the same way. All this might, he thought, turn out very well +and amusingly. And why not marry her if she really has so much money? +That never does any harm, thought Anatole. + +He shaved and scented himself with the care and elegance which had +become habitual to him and, his handsome head held high, entered his +fathers room with the good-humored and victorious air natural to +him. Prince Vaslis two valets were busy dressing him, and he looked +round with much animation and cheerfully nodded to his son as the latter +entered, as if to say Yes, thats how I want you to look. + +I say, Father, joking apart, is she very hideous? Anatole asked, +as if continuing a conversation the subject of which had often been +mentioned during the journey. + +Enough! What nonsense! Above all, try to be respectful and cautious +with the old prince. + +If he starts a row Ill go away, said Prince Anatole. I +cant bear those old men! Eh? + +Remember, for you everything depends on this. + +In the meantime, not only was it known in the maidservants rooms that +the minister and his son had arrived, but the appearance of both had +been minutely described. Princess Mary was sitting alone in her room, +vainly trying to master her agitation. + +Why did they write, why did Lise tell me about it? It can never +happen! she said, looking at herself in the glass. How shall I +enter the drawing room? Even if I like him I cant now be myself with +him. The mere thought of her fathers look filled her with terror. +The little princess and Mademoiselle Bourienne had already received +from Msha, the ladys maid, the necessary report of how handsome the +ministers son was, with his rosy cheeks and dark eyebrows, and with +what difficulty the father had dragged his legs upstairs while the son +had followed him like an eagle, three steps at a time. Having received +this information, the little princess and Mademoiselle Bourienne, whose +chattering voices had reached her from the corridor, went into Princess +Marys room. + +You know theyve come, Marie? said the little princess, waddling +in, and sinking heavily into an armchair. + +She was no longer in the loose gown she generally wore in the morning, +but had on one of her best dresses. Her hair was carefully done and her +face was animated, which, however, did not conceal its sunken and faded +outlines. Dressed as she used to be in Petersburg society, it was still +more noticeable how much plainer she had become. Some unobtrusive touch +had been added to Mademoiselle Bouriennes toilet which rendered her +fresh and pretty face yet more attractive. + +What! Are you going to remain as you are, dear princess? she +began. Theyll be announcing that the gentlemen are in the drawing +room and we shall have to go down, and you have not smartened yourself +up at all! + +The little princess got up, rang for the maid, and hurriedly and merrily +began to devise and carry out a plan of how Princess Mary should be +dressed. Princess Marys self-esteem was wounded by the fact that +the arrival of a suitor agitated her, and still more so by both +her companions not having the least conception that it could be +otherwise. To tell them that she felt ashamed for herself and for them +would be to betray her agitation, while to decline their offers to +dress her would prolong their banter and insistence. She flushed, her +beautiful eyes grew dim, red blotches came on her face, and it took +on the unattractive martyrlike expression it so often wore, as she +submitted herself to Mademoiselle Bourienne and Lise. Both these women +quite sincerely tried to make her look pretty. She was so plain that +neither of them could think of her as a rival, so they began dressing +her with perfect sincerity, and with the nave and firm conviction +women have that dress can make a face pretty. + +No really, my dear, this dress is not pretty, said Lise, looking +sideways at Princess Mary from a little distance. You have a maroon +dress, have it fetched. Really! You know the fate of your whole life may +be at stake. But this one is too light, its not becoming! + +It was not the dress, but the face and whole figure of Princess Mary +that was not pretty, but neither Mademoiselle Bourienne nor the little +princess felt this they still thought that if a blue ribbon were placed +in the hair, the hair combed up, and the blue scarf arranged lower on +the best maroon dress, and so on, all would be well. They forgot that +the frightened face and the figure could not be altered, and that +however they might change the setting and adornment of that face, it +would still remain piteous and plain. After two or three changes to +which Princess Mary meekly submitted, just as her hair had been arranged +on the top of her head (a style that quite altered and spoiled her +looks) and she had put on a maroon dress with a pale-blue scarf, the +little princess walked twice round her, now adjusting a fold of the +dress with her little hand, now arranging the scarf and looking at her +with her head bent first on one side and then on the other. + +No, it will not do, she said decidedly, clasping her hands. No, +Mary, really this dress does not suit you. I prefer you in your little +gray everyday dress. Now please, do it for my sake. Katie, she said +to the maid, bring the princess her gray dress, and youll see, +Mademoiselle Bourienne, how I shall arrange it, she added, smiling +with a foretaste of artistic pleasure. + +But when Katie brought the required dress, Princess Mary remained +sitting motionless before the glass, looking at her face, and saw in the +mirror her eyes full of tears and her mouth quivering, ready to burst +into sobs. + +Come, dear princess, said Mademoiselle Bourienne, just one more +little effort. + +The little princess, taking the dress from the maid, came up to Princess +Mary. + +Well, now well arrange something quite simple and becoming, she +said. + +The three voices, hers, Mademoiselle Bouriennes, and Katies, who +was laughing at something, mingled in a merry sound, like the chirping +of birds. + +No, leave me alone, said Princess Mary. + +Her voice sounded so serious and so sad that the chirping of the birds +was silenced at once. They looked at the beautiful, large, thoughtful +eyes full of tears and of thoughts, gazing shiningly and imploringly at +them, and understood that it was useless and even cruel to insist. + +At least, change your coiffure, said the little princess. +Didnt I tell you, she went on, turning reproachfully to +Mademoiselle Bourienne, Marys is a face which such a coiffure does +not suit in the least. Not in the least! Please change it. + +Leave me alone, please leave me alone! It is all quite the same to +me, answered a voice struggling with tears. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne and the little princess had to own to themselves +that Princess Mary in this guise looked very plain, worse than usual, +but it was too late. She was looking at them with an expression they +both knew, an expression thoughtful and sad. This expression in Princess +Mary did not frighten them (she never inspired fear in anyone), but they +knew that when it appeared on her face, she became mute and was not to +be shaken in her determination. + +You will change it, wont you? said Lise. And as Princess Mary +gave no answer, she left the room. + +Princess Mary was left alone. She did not comply with Lises request, +she not only left her hair as it was, but did not even look in her +glass. Letting her arms fall helplessly, she sat with downcast eyes and +pondered. A husband, a man, a strong dominant and strangely attractive +being rose in her imagination, and carried her into a totally different +happy world of his own. She fancied a child, her ownsuch as she had +seen the day before in the arms of her nurses daughterat her +own breast, the husband standing by and gazing tenderly at her and the +child. But no, it is impossible, I am too ugly, she thought. + +Please come to tea. The prince will be out in a moment, came the +maids voice at the door. + +She roused herself, and felt appalled at what she had been thinking, and +before going down she went into the room where the icons hung and, her +eyes fixed on the dark face of a large icon of the Saviour lit by a +lamp, she stood before it with folded hands for a few moments. A painful +doubt filled her soul. Could the joy of love, of earthly love for a +man, be for her? In her thoughts of marriage Princess Mary dreamed of +happiness and of children, but her strongest, most deeply hidden longing +was for earthly love. The more she tried to hide this feeling from +others and even from herself, the stronger it grew. O God, she +said, how am I to stifle in my heart these temptations of the devil? +How am I to renounce forever these vile fancies, so as peacefully to +fulfill Thy will? And scarcely had she put that question than God +gave her the answer in her own heart. Desire nothing for thyself, +seek nothing, be not anxious or envious. Mans future and thy own fate +must remain hidden from thee, but live so that thou mayest be ready for +anything. If it be Gods will to prove thee in the duties of marriage, +be ready to fulfill His will. With this consoling thought (but +yet with a hope for the fulfillment of her forbidden earthly longing) +Princess Mary sighed, and having crossed herself went down, thinking +neither of her gown and coiffure nor of how she would go in nor of what +she would say. What could all that matter in comparison with the will of +God, without Whose care not a hair of mans head can fall? + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +When Princess Mary came down, Prince Vasli and his son were already +in the drawing room, talking to the little princess and Mademoiselle +Bourienne. When she entered with her heavy step, treading on her heels, +the gentlemen and Mademoiselle Bourienne rose and the little princess, +indicating her to the gentlemen, said Voil Marie! Princess Mary +saw them all and saw them in detail. She saw Prince Vaslis face, +serious for an instant at the sight of her, but immediately smiling +again, and the little princess curiously noting the impression +Marie produced on the visitors. And she saw Mademoiselle +Bourienne, with her ribbon and pretty face, and her unusually animated +look which was fixed on him, but him she could not see, she only saw +something large, brilliant, and handsome moving toward her as she +entered the room. Prince Vasli approached first, and she kissed the +bold forehead that bent over her hand and answered his question by +saying that, on the contrary, she remembered him quite well. Then +Anatole came up to her. She still could not see him. She only felt a +soft hand taking hers firmly, and she touched with her lips a white +forehead, over which was beautiful light-brown hair smelling of pomade. +When she looked up at him she was struck by his beauty. Anatole stood +with his right thumb under a button of his uniform, his chest expanded +and his back drawn in, slightly swinging one foot, and, with his head a +little bent, looked with beaming face at the princess without +speaking and evidently not thinking about her at all. Anatole was not +quick-witted, nor ready or eloquent in conversation, but he had the +faculty, so invaluable in society, of composure and imperturbable +self-possession. If a man lacking in self-confidence remains dumb on +a first introduction and betrays a consciousness of the impropriety of +such silence and an anxiety to find something to say, the effect is +bad. But Anatole was dumb, swung his foot, and smilingly examined the +princess hair. It was evident that he could be silent in this way for +a very long time. If anyone finds this silence inconvenient, let him +talk, but I dont want to, he seemed to say. Besides this, in his +behavior to women Anatole had a manner which particularly inspires in +them curiosity, awe, and even lovea supercilious consciousness of +his own superiority. It was as if he said to them I know you, I know +you, but why should I bother about you? Youd be only too glad, of +course. Perhaps he did not really think this when he met womeneven +probably he did not, for in general he thought very littlebut his +looks and manner gave that impression. The princess felt this, and as if +wishing to show him that she did not even dare expect to interest him, +she turned to his father. The conversation was general and animated, +thanks to Princess Lises voice and little downy lip that lifted over +her white teeth. She met Prince Vasli with that playful manner often +employed by lively chatty people, and consisting in the assumption +that between the person they so address and themselves there are some +semi-private, long-established jokes and amusing reminiscences, though +no such reminiscences really existjust as none existed in this case. +Prince Vasli readily adopted her tone and the little princess also +drew Anatole, whom she hardly knew, into these amusing recollections of +things that had never occurred. Mademoiselle Bourienne also shared them +and even Princess Mary felt herself pleasantly made to share in these +merry reminiscences. + +Here at least we shall have the benefit of your company all to +ourselves, dear prince, said the little princess (of course, in +French) to Prince Vasli. Its not as at Annettes * receptions +where you always ran away you remember cette chre Annette! + + * Anna Pvlovna. + +Ah, but you wont talk politics to me like Annette! + +And our little tea table? + +Oh, yes! + +Why is it you were never at Annettes? the little princess asked +Anatole. Ah, I know, I know, she said with a sly glance, your +brother Hippolyte told me about your goings on. Oh! and she shook her +finger at him, I have even heard of your doings in Paris! + +And didnt Hippolyte tell you? asked Prince Vasli, turning to +his son and seizing the little princess arm as if she would have run +away and he had just managed to catch her, didnt he tell you how +he himself was pining for the dear princess, and how she showed him the +door? Oh, she is a pearl among women, Princess, he added, turning to +Princess Mary. + +When Paris was mentioned, Mademoiselle Bourienne for her part seized the +opportunity of joining in the general current of recollections. + +She took the liberty of inquiring whether it was long since Anatole +had left Paris and how he had liked that city. Anatole answered the +Frenchwoman very readily and, looking at her with a smile, talked to her +about her native land. When he saw the pretty little Bourienne, Anatole +came to the conclusion that he would not find Bald Hills dull either. +Not at all bad! he thought, examining her, not at all bad, that +little companion! I hope she will bring her along with her when were +married, la petite est gentille. * + + * The little one is charming. + +The old prince dressed leisurely in his study, frowning and considering +what he was to do. The coming of these visitors annoyed him. What are +Prince Vasli and that son of his to me? Prince Vasli is a shallow +braggart and his son, no doubt, is a fine specimen, he grumbled to +himself. What angered him was that the coming of these visitors revived +in his mind an unsettled question he always tried to stifle, one about +which he always deceived himself. The question was whether he could ever +bring himself to part from his daughter and give her to a husband. The +prince never directly asked himself that question, knowing beforehand +that he would have to answer it justly, and justice clashed not only +with his feelings but with the very possibility of life. Life without +Princess Mary, little as he seemed to value her, was unthinkable to +him. And why should she marry? he thought. To be unhappy for +certain. Theres Lise, married to Andrewa better husband one would +think could hardly be found nowadaysbut is she contented with her +lot? And who would marry Marie for love? Plain and awkward! Theyll +take her for her connections and wealth. Are there no women living +unmarried, and even the happier for it? So thought Prince Bolknski +while dressing, and yet the question he was always putting off demanded +an immediate answer. Prince Vasli had brought his son with the evident +intention of proposing, and today or tomorrow he would probably ask +for an answer. His birth and position in society were not bad. Well, +Ive nothing against it, the prince said to himself, but he must +be worthy of her. And that is what we shall see. + +That is what we shall see! That is what we shall see! he added +aloud. + +He entered the drawing room with his usual alert step, glancing rapidly +round the company. He noticed the change in the little princess +dress, Mademoiselle Bouriennes ribbon, Princess Marys unbecoming +coiffure, Mademoiselle Bouriennes and Anatoles smiles, and the +loneliness of his daughter amid the general conversation. Got herself +up like a fool! he thought, looking irritably at her. She is +shameless, and he ignores her! + +He went straight up to Prince Vasli. + +Well! How dye do? How dye do? Glad to see you! + +Friendship laughs at distance, began Prince Vasli in his usual +rapid, self-confident, familiar tone. Here is my second son please +love and befriend him. + +Prince Bolknski surveyed Anatole. + +Fine young fellow! Fine young fellow! he said. Well, come and +kiss me, and he offered his cheek. + +Anatole kissed the old man, and looked at him with curiosity and perfect +composure, waiting for a display of the eccentricities his father had +told him to expect. + +Prince Bolknski sat down in his usual place in the corner of the sofa +and, drawing up an armchair for Prince Vasli, pointed to it and began +questioning him about political affairs and news. He seemed to listen +attentively to what Prince Vasli said, but kept glancing at Princess +Mary. + +And so they are writing from Potsdam already? he said, repeating +Prince Vaslis last words. Then rising, he suddenly went up to his +daughter. + +Is it for visitors youve got yourself up like that, eh? said +he. Fine, very fine! You have done up your hair in this new way for +the visitors, and before the visitors I tell you that in future you are +never to dare to change your way of dress without my consent. + +It was my fault, mon pre, interceded the little princess, with a +blush. + +You must do as you please, said Prince Bolknski, bowing to his +daughter-in-law, but she need not make a fool of herself, shes +plain enough as it is. + +And he sat down again, paying no more attention to his daughter, who was +reduced to tears. + +On the contrary, that coiffure suits the princess very well, said +Prince Vasli. + +Now you, young prince, whats your name? said Prince Bolknski, +turning to Anatole, come here, let us talk and get acquainted. + +Now the fun begins, thought Anatole, sitting down with a smile +beside the old prince. + +Well, my dear boy, I hear youve been educated abroad, not taught +to read and write by the deacon, like your father and me. Now tell me, +my dear boy, are you serving in the Horse Guards? asked the old man, +scrutinizing Anatole closely and intently. + +No, I have been transferred to the line, said Anatole, hardly able +to restrain his laughter. + +Ah! Thats a good thing. So, my dear boy, you wish to serve the +Tsar and the country? It is wartime. Such a fine fellow must serve. +Well, are you off to the front? + +No, Prince, our regiment has gone to the front, but I am attached... +what is it I am attached to, Papa? said Anatole, turning to his +father with a laugh. + +A splendid soldier, splendid! What am I attached to! Ha, ha, +ha! laughed Prince Bolknski, and Anatole laughed still louder. +Suddenly Prince Bolknski frowned. + +You may go, he said to Anatole. + +Anatole returned smiling to the ladies. + +And so youve had him educated abroad, Prince Vasli, havent +you? said the old prince to Prince Vasli. + +I have done my best for him, and I can assure you the education there +is much better than ours. + +Yes, everything is different nowadays, everything is changed. The +lads a fine fellow, a fine fellow! Well, come with me now. He took +Prince Vaslis arm and led him to his study. As soon as they were +alone together, Prince Vasli announced his hopes and wishes to the old +prince. + +Well, do you think I shall prevent her, that I cant part from +her? said the old prince angrily. What an idea! Im ready for it +tomorrow! Only let me tell you, I want to know my son-in-law better. You +know my principleseverything aboveboard! I will ask her tomorrow in +your presence if she is willing, then he can stay on. He can stay and +Ill see. The old prince snorted. Let her marry, its all the +same to me! he screamed in the same piercing tone as when parting +from his son. + +I will tell you frankly, said Prince Vasli in the tone of +a crafty man convinced of the futility of being cunning with so +keen-sighted a companion. You know, you see right through people. +Anatole is no genius, but he is an honest, goodhearted lad an excellent +son or kinsman. + +All right, all right, well see! + +As always happens when women lead lonely lives for any length of time +without male society, on Anatoles appearance all the three women of +Prince Bolknskis household felt that their life had not been real +till then. Their powers of reasoning, feeling, and observing immediately +increased tenfold, and their life, which seemed to have been passed in +darkness, was suddenly lit up by a new brightness, full of significance. + +Princess Mary grew quite unconscious of her face and coiffure. The +handsome open face of the man who might perhaps be her husband absorbed +all her attention. He seemed to her kind, brave, determined, manly, and +magnanimous. She felt convinced of that. Thousands of dreams of a future +family life continually rose in her imagination. She drove them away and +tried to conceal them. + +But am I not too cold with him? thought the princess. I try +to be reserved because in the depth of my soul I feel too near to him +already, but then he cannot know what I think of him and may imagine +that I do not like him. + +And Princess Mary tried, but could not manage, to be cordial to her new +guest. Poor girl, shes devilish ugly! thought Anatole. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne, also roused to great excitement by Anatoles +arrival, thought in another way. Of course, she, a handsome young woman +without any definite position, without relations or even a country, did +not intend to devote her life to serving Prince Bolknski, to reading +aloud to him and being friends with Princess Mary. Mademoiselle +Bourienne had long been waiting for a Russian prince who, able to +appreciate at a glance her superiority to the plain, badly dressed, +ungainly Russian princesses, would fall in love with her and carry her +off and here at last was a Russian prince. Mademoiselle Bourienne knew +a story, heard from her aunt but finished in her own way, which she +liked to repeat to herself. It was the story of a girl who had been +seduced, and to whom her poor mother (sa pauvre mre) appeared, and +reproached her for yielding to a man without being married. Mademoiselle +Bourienne was often touched to tears as in imagination she told this +story to him, her seducer. And now he, a real Russian prince, had +appeared. He would carry her away and then sa pauvre mre would appear +and he would marry her. So her future shaped itself in Mademoiselle +Bouriennes head at the very time she was talking to Anatole about +Paris. It was not calculation that guided her (she did not even for a +moment consider what she should do), but all this had long been familiar +to her, and now that Anatole had appeared it just grouped itself around +him and she wished and tried to please him as much as possible. + +The little princess, like an old war horse that hears the trumpet, +unconsciously and quite forgetting her condition, prepared for the +familiar gallop of coquetry, without any ulterior motive or any +struggle, but with nave and lighthearted gaiety. + +Although in female society Anatole usually assumed the role of a man +tired of being run after by women, his vanity was flattered by the +spectacle of his power over these three women. Besides that, he was +beginning to feel for the pretty and provocative Mademoiselle Bourienne +that passionate animal feeling which was apt to master him with great +suddenness and prompt him to the coarsest and most reckless actions. + +After tea, the company went into the sitting room and Princess Mary was +asked to play on the clavichord. Anatole, laughing and in high spirits, +came and leaned on his elbows, facing her and beside Mademoiselle +Bourienne. Princess Mary felt his look with a painfully joyous emotion. +Her favorite sonata bore her into a most intimately poetic world and +the look she felt upon her made that world still more poetic. But +Anatoles expression, though his eyes were fixed on her, referred not +to her but to the movements of Mademoiselle Bouriennes little +foot, which he was then touching with his own under the clavichord. +Mademoiselle Bourienne was also looking at Princess Mary, and in her +lovely eyes there was a look of fearful joy and hope that was also new +to the princess. + +How she loves me! thought Princess Mary. How happy I am now, +and how happy I may be with such a friend and such a husband! Husband? +Can it be possible? she thought, not daring to look at his face, but +still feeling his eyes gazing at her. + +In the evening, after supper, when all were about to retire, Anatole +kissed Princess Marys hand. She did not know how she found the +courage, but she looked straight into his handsome face as it came near +to her shortsighted eyes. Turning from Princess Mary he went up and +kissed Mademoiselle Bouriennes hand. (This was not etiquette, but +then he did everything so simply and with such assurance!) Mademoiselle +Bourienne flushed, and gave the princess a frightened look. + +What delicacy! thought the princess. Is it possible that +Amlie (Mademoiselle Bourienne) thinks I could be jealous of her, +and not value her pure affection and devotion to me? She went up +to her and kissed her warmly. Anatole went up to kiss the little +princess hand. + +No! No! No! When your father writes to tell me that you are behaving +well I will give you my hand to kiss. Not till then! she said. And +smilingly raising a finger at him, she left the room. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +They all separated, but, except Anatole who fell asleep as soon as he +got into bed, all kept awake a long time that night. + +Is he really to be my husband, this stranger who is so kindyes, +kind, that is the chief thing, thought Princess Mary and fear, which +she had seldom experienced, came upon her. She feared to look round, it +seemed to her that someone was there standing behind the screen in the +dark corner. And this someone was hethe deviland he was also this +man with the white forehead, black eyebrows, and red lips. + +She rang for her maid and asked her to sleep in her room. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne walked up and down the conservatory for a long +time that evening, vainly expecting someone, now smiling at someone, now +working herself up to tears with the imaginary words of her pauvre mre +rebuking her for her fall. + +The little princess grumbled to her maid that her bed was badly made. +She could not lie either on her face or on her side. Every position was +awkward and uncomfortable, and her burden oppressed her now more than +ever because Anatoles presence had vividly recalled to her the time +when she was not like that and when everything was light and gay. She +sat in an armchair in her dressing jacket and nightcap and Katie, sleepy +and disheveled, beat and turned the heavy feather bed for the third +time, muttering to herself. + +I told you it was all lumps and holes! the little princess +repeated. I should be glad enough to fall asleep, so its not my +fault! and her voice quivered like that of a child about to cry. + +The old prince did not sleep either. Tkhon, half asleep, heard him +pacing angrily about and snorting. The old prince felt as though he +had been insulted through his daughter. The insult was the more pointed +because it concerned not himself but another, his daughter, whom he +loved more than himself. He kept telling himself that he would consider +the whole matter and decide what was right and how he should act, but +instead of that he only excited himself more and more. + +The first man that turns upshe forgets her father and everything +else, runs upstairs and does up her hair and wags her tail and is unlike +herself! Glad to throw her father over! And she knew I should notice +it. Fr... fr... fr! And dont I see that that idiot had eyes only for +BourienneI shall have to get rid of her. And how is it she has not +pride enough to see it? If she has no pride for herself she might at +least have some for my sake! She must be shown that the blockhead thinks +nothing of her and looks only at Bourienne. No, she has no pride... but +Ill let her see.... + +The old prince knew that if he told his daughter she was making a +mistake and that Anatole meant to flirt with Mademoiselle Bourienne, +Princess Marys self-esteem would be wounded and his point (not to +be parted from her) would be gained, so pacifying himself with this +thought, he called Tkhon and began to undress. + +What devil brought them here? thought he, while Tkhon was +putting the nightshirt over his dried-up old body and gray-haired chest. +I never invited them. They came to disturb my lifeand there is not +much of it left. + +Devil take em! he muttered, while his head was still covered by +the shirt. + +Tkhon knew his masters habit of sometimes thinking aloud, and +therefore met with unaltered looks the angrily inquisitive expression of +the face that emerged from the shirt. + +Gone to bed? asked the prince. + +Tkhon, like all good valets, instinctively knew the direction of his +masters thoughts. He guessed that the question referred to Prince +Vasli and his son. + +They have gone to bed and put out their lights, your excellency. + +No good... no good... said the prince rapidly, and thrusting his +feet into his slippers and his arms into the sleeves of his dressing +gown, he went to the couch on which he slept. + +Though no words had passed between Anatole and Mademoiselle Bourienne, +they quite understood one another as to the first part of their romance, +up to the appearance of the pauvre mre they understood that they had +much to say to one another in private and so they had been seeking an +opportunity since morning to meet one another alone. When Princess Mary +went to her fathers room at the usual hour, Mademoiselle Bourienne +and Anatole met in the conservatory. + +Princess Mary went to the door of the study with special trepidation. +It seemed to her that not only did everybody know that her fate would be +decided that day, but that they also knew what she thought about it. She +read this in Tkhons face and in that of Prince Vaslis valet, +who made her a low bow when she met him in the corridor carrying hot +water. + +The old prince was very affectionate and careful in his treatment of +his daughter that morning. Princess Mary well knew this painstaking +expression of her fathers. His face wore that expression when his +dry hands clenched with vexation at her not understanding a sum in +arithmetic, when rising from his chair he would walk away from her, +repeating in a low voice the same words several times over. + +He came to the point at once, treating her ceremoniously. + +I have had a proposition made me concerning you, he said with an +unnatural smile. I expect you have guessed that Prince Vasli has +not come and brought his pupil with him (for some reason Prince +Bolknski referred to Anatole as a pupil) for the sake of my +beautiful eyes. Last night a proposition was made me on your account +and, as you know my principles, I refer it to you. + +How am I to understand you, mon pre? said the princess, growing +pale and then blushing. + +How understand me! cried her father angrily. Prince Vasli +finds you to his taste as a daughter-in-law and makes a proposal to you +on his pupils behalf. Thats how its to be understood! How +understand it!... And I ask you! + +I do not know what you think, Father, whispered the princess. + +I? I? What of me? Leave me out of the question. Im not going to +get married. What about you? Thats what I want to know. + +The princess saw that her father regarded the matter with disapproval, +but at that moment the thought occurred to her that her fate would be +decided now or never. She lowered her eyes so as not to see the gaze +under which she felt that she could not think, but would only be able to +submit from habit, and she said I wish only to do your will, but if +I had to express my own desire... She had no time to finish. The old +prince interrupted her. + +Thats admirable! he shouted. He will take you with your +dowry and take Mademoiselle Bourienne into the bargain. Shell be the +wife, while you... + +The prince stopped. He saw the effect these words had produced on his +daughter. She lowered her head and was ready to burst into tears. + +Now then, now then, Im only joking! he said. Remember this, +Princess, I hold to the principle that a maiden has a full right to +choose. I give you freedom. Only remember that your lifes happiness +depends on your decision. Never mind me! + +But I do not know, Father! + +Theres no need to talk! He receives his orders and will marry you +or anybody but you are free to choose.... Go to your room, think it +over, and come back in an hour and tell me in his presence yes or no. +I know you will pray over it. Well, pray if you like, but you had better +think it over. Go! Yes or no, yes or no, yes or no! he still shouted +when the princess, as if lost in a fog, had already staggered out of the +study. + +Her fate was decided and happily decided. But what her father had said +about Mademoiselle Bourienne was dreadful. It was untrue to be sure, but +still it was terrible, and she could not help thinking of it. She was +going straight on through the conservatory, neither seeing nor hearing +anything, when suddenly the well-known whispering of Mademoiselle +Bourienne aroused her. She raised her eyes, and two steps away saw +Anatole embracing the Frenchwoman and whispering something to her. With +a horrified expression on his handsome face, Anatole looked at Princess +Mary, but did not at once take his arm from the waist of Mademoiselle +Bourienne who had not yet seen her. + +Whos that? Why? Wait a moment! Anatoles face seemed to say. +Princess Mary looked at them in silence. She could not understand it. At +last Mademoiselle Bourienne gave a scream and ran away. Anatole bowed to +Princess Mary with a gay smile, as if inviting her to join in a laugh at +this strange incident, and then shrugging his shoulders went to the door +that led to his own apartments. + +An hour later, Tkhon came to call Princess Mary to the old prince +he added that Prince Vasli was also there. When Tkhon came to her +Princess Mary was sitting on the sofa in her room, holding the weeping +Mademoiselle Bourienne in her arms and gently stroking her hair. The +princess beautiful eyes with all their former calm radiance were +looking with tender affection and pity at Mademoiselle Bouriennes +pretty face. + +No, Princess, I have lost your affection forever! said +Mademoiselle Bourienne. + +Why? I love you more than ever, said Princess Mary, and I will +try to do all I can for your happiness. + +But you despise me. You who are so pure can never understand being so +carried away by passion. Oh, only my poor mother... + +I quite understand, answered Princess Mary, with a sad smile. +Calm yourself, my dear. I will go to my father, she said, and went +out. + +Prince Vasli, with one leg thrown high over the other and a snuffbox +in his hand, was sitting there with a smile of deep emotion on his face, +as if stirred to his hearts core and himself regretting and laughing +at his own sensibility, when Princess Mary entered. He hurriedly took a +pinch of snuff. + +Ah, my dear, my dear! he began, rising and taking her by both +hands. Then, sighing, he added My sons fate is in your hands. +Decide, my dear, good, gentle Marie, whom I have always loved as a +daughter! + +He drew back and a real tear appeared in his eye. + +Fr... fr... snorted Prince Bolknski. The prince is making a +proposition to you in his pupilsI mean, his sonsname. Do you +wish or not to be Prince Anatole Kurgins wife? Reply yes or no, +he shouted, and then I shall reserve the right to state my opinion +also. Yes, my opinion, and only my opinion, added Prince Bolknski, +turning to Prince Vasli and answering his imploring look. Yes, or +no? + +My desire is never to leave you, Father, never to separate my +life from yours. I dont wish to marry, she answered positively, +glancing at Prince Vasli and at her father with her beautiful eyes. + +Humbug! Nonsense! Humbug, humbug, humbug! cried Prince Bolknski, +frowning and taking his daughters hand he did not kiss her, but only +bending his forehead to hers just touched it, and pressed her hand so +that she winced and uttered a cry. + +Prince Vasli rose. + +My dear, I must tell you that this is a moment I shall never, never +forget. But, my dear, will you not give us a little hope of touching +this heart, so kind and generous? Say perhaps... The future is so +long. Say perhaps. + +Prince, what I have said is all there is in my heart. I thank you for +the honor, but I shall never be your sons wife. + +Well, so thats finished, my dear fellow! I am very glad to have +seen you. Very glad! Go back to your rooms, Princess. Go! said +the old prince. Very, very glad to have seen you, repeated he, +embracing Prince Vasli. + +My vocation is a different one, thought Princess Mary. My +vocation is to be happy with another kind of happiness, the happiness +of love and self-sacrifice. And cost what it may, I will arrange +poor Amlies happiness, she loves him so passionately, and so +passionately repents. I will do all I can to arrange the match between +them. If he is not rich I will give her the means I will ask my +father and Andrew. I shall be so happy when she is his wife. She is so +unfortunate, a stranger, alone, helpless! And, oh God, how passionately +she must love him if she could so far forget herself! Perhaps I might +have done the same!... thought Princess Mary. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +It was long since the Rostvs had news of Nicholas. Not till midwinter +was the count at last handed a letter addressed in his sons +handwriting. On receiving it, he ran on tiptoe to his study in alarm and +haste, trying to escape notice, closed the door, and began to read the +letter. + +Anna Mikhylovna, who always knew everything that passed in the house, +on hearing of the arrival of the letter went softly into the room and +found the count with it in his hand, sobbing and laughing at the same +time. + +Anna Mikhylovna, though her circumstances had improved, was still +living with the Rostvs. + +My dear friend? said she, in a tone of pathetic inquiry, prepared +to sympathize in any way. + +The count sobbed yet more. + +Niklenka... a letter... wa... a... s... wounded... my darling +boy... the countess... promoted to be an officer... thank God... How +tell the little countess! + +Anna Mikhylovna sat down beside him, with her own handkerchief wiped +the tears from his eyes and from the letter, then having dried her +own eyes she comforted the count, and decided that at dinner and till +teatime she would prepare the countess, and after tea, with Gods +help, would inform her. + +At dinner Anna Mikhylovna talked the whole time about the war news +and about Niklenka, twice asked when the last letter had been received +from him, though she knew that already, and remarked that they might +very likely be getting a letter from him that day. Each time that these +hints began to make the countess anxious and she glanced uneasily at +the count and at Anna Mikhylovna, the latter very adroitly turned +the conversation to insignificant matters. Natsha, who, of the whole +family, was the most gifted with a capacity to feel any shades of +intonation, look, and expression, pricked up her ears from the beginning +of the meal and was certain that there was some secret between her +father and Anna Mikhylovna, that it had something to do with her +brother, and that Anna Mikhylovna was preparing them for it. Bold as +she was, Natsha, who knew how sensitive her mother was to anything +relating to Niklenka, did not venture to ask any questions at dinner, +but she was too excited to eat anything and kept wriggling about on her +chair regardless of her governess remarks. After dinner, she rushed +headlong after Anna Mikhylovna and, dashing at her, flung herself on +her neck as soon as she overtook her in the sitting room. + +Auntie, darling, do tell me what it is! + +Nothing, my dear. + +No, dearest, sweet one, honey, I wont give upI know you know +something. + +Anna Mikhylovna shook her head. + +You are a little slyboots, she said. + +A letter from Niklenka! Im sure of it! exclaimed Natsha, +reading confirmation in Anna Mikhylovnas face. + +But for Gods sake, be careful, you know how it may affect your +mamma. + +I will, I will, only tell me! You wont? Then I will go and tell at +once. + +Anna Mikhylovna, in a few words, told her the contents of the letter, +on condition that she should tell no one. + +No, on my true word of honor, said Natsha, crossing herself, +I wont tell anyone! and she ran off at once to Snya. + +Niklenka... wounded... a letter, she announced in gleeful +triumph. + +Nicholas! was all Snya said, instantly turning white. + +Natsha, seeing the impression the news of her brothers wound +produced on Snya, felt for the first time the sorrowful side of the +news. + +She rushed to Snya, hugged her, and began to cry. + +A little wound, but he has been made an officer he is well now, he +wrote himself, said she through her tears. + +There now! Its true that all you women are crybabies, remarked +Ptya, pacing the room with large, resolute strides. Now Im very +glad, very glad indeed, that my brother has distinguished himself so. +You are all blubberers and understand nothing. + +Natsha smiled through her tears. + +You havent read the letter? asked Snya. + +No, but she said that it was all over and that hes now an +officer. + +Thank God! said Snya, crossing herself. But perhaps she +deceived you. Let us go to Mamma. + +Ptya paced the room in silence for a time. + +If Id been in Niklenkas place I would have killed even more +of those Frenchmen, he said. What nasty brutes they are! Id +have killed so many that thered have been a heap of them. + +Hold your tongue, Ptya, what a goose you are! + +Im not a goose, but they are who cry about trifles, said +Ptya. + +Do you remember him? Natsha suddenly asked, after a moments +silence. + +Snya smiled. + +Do I remember Nicholas? + +No, Snya, but do you remember so that you remember him perfectly, +remember everything? said Natsha, with an expressive gesture, +evidently wishing to give her words a very definite meaning. I +remember Niklenka too, I remember him well, she said. But I +dont remember Bors. I dont remember him a bit. + +What! You dont remember Bors? asked Snya in surprise. + +Its not that I dont rememberI know what he is like, but not +as I remember Niklenka. HimI just shut my eyes and remember, +but Bors... No! (She shut her eyes.) No! theres nothing at +all. + +Oh, Natsha! said Snya, looking ecstatically and earnestly at +her friend as if she did not consider her worthy to hear what she meant +to say and as if she were saying it to someone else, with whom joking +was out of the question, I am in love with your brother once for all +and, whatever may happen to him or to me, shall never cease to love him +as long as I live. + +Natsha looked at Snya with wondering and inquisitive eyes, and said +nothing. She felt that Snya was speaking the truth, that there was +such love as Snya was speaking of. But Natsha had not yet felt +anything like it. She believed it could be, but did not understand it. + +Shall you write to him? she asked. + +Snya became thoughtful. The question of how to write to Nicholas, and +whether she ought to write, tormented her. Now that he was already an +officer and a wounded hero, would it be right to remind him of herself +and, as it might seem, of the obligations to her he had taken on +himself? + +I dont know. I think if he writes, I will write too, she said, +blushing. + +And you wont feel ashamed to write to him? + +Snya smiled. + +No. + +And I should be ashamed to write to Bors. Im not going to. + +Why should you be ashamed? + +Well, I dont know. Its awkward and would make me ashamed. + +And I know why shed be ashamed, said Ptya, offended by +Natshas previous remark. Its because she was in love with +that fat one in spectacles (that was how Ptya described his +namesake, the new Count Bezkhov) and now shes in love with that +singer (he meant Natshas Italian singing master), thats +why shes ashamed! + +Ptya, youre a stupid! said Natsha. + +Not more stupid than you, madam, said the nine-year-old Ptya, +with the air of an old brigadier. + +The countess had been prepared by Anna Mikhylovnas hints at dinner. +On retiring to her own room, she sat in an armchair, her eyes fixed on a +miniature portrait of her son on the lid of a snuffbox, while the tears +kept coming into her eyes. Anna Mikhylovna, with the letter, came on +tiptoe to the countess door and paused. + +Dont come in, she said to the old count who was following her. +Come later. And she went in, closing the door behind her. + +The count put his ear to the keyhole and listened. + +At first he heard the sound of indifferent voices, then Anna +Mikhylovnas voice alone in a long speech, then a cry, then silence, +then both voices together with glad intonations, and then footsteps. +Anna Mikhylovna opened the door. Her face wore the proud expression +of a surgeon who has just performed a difficult operation and admits the +public to appreciate his skill. + +It is done! she said to the count, pointing triumphantly to the +countess, who sat holding in one hand the snuffbox with its portrait and +in the other the letter, and pressing them alternately to her lips. + +When she saw the count, she stretched out her arms to him, embraced his +bald head, over which she again looked at the letter and the portrait, +and in order to press them again to her lips, she slightly pushed away +the bald head. Vra, Natsha, Snya, and Ptya now entered the room, +and the reading of the letter began. After a brief description of +the campaign and the two battles in which he had taken part, and his +promotion, Nicholas said that he kissed his fathers and mothers +hands asking for their blessing, and that he kissed Vra, Natsha, and +Ptya. Besides that, he sent greetings to Monsieur Schelling, Madame +Schoss, and his old nurse, and asked them to kiss for him dear +Snya, whom he loved and thought of just the same as ever. When she +heard this Snya blushed so that tears came into her eyes and, unable +to bear the looks turned upon her, ran away into the dancing hall, +whirled round it at full speed with her dress puffed out like a balloon, +and, flushed and smiling, plumped down on the floor. The countess was +crying. + +Why are you crying, Mamma? asked Vra. From all he says one +should be glad and not cry. + +This was quite true, but the count, the countess, and Natsha looked +at her reproachfully. And who is it she takes after? thought the +countess. + +Nicholas letter was read over hundreds of times, and those who were +considered worthy to hear it had to come to the countess, for she +did not let it out of her hands. The tutors came, and the nurses, and +Dmtri, and several acquaintances, and the countess reread the letter +each time with fresh pleasure and each time discovered in it fresh +proofs of Niklenkas virtues. How strange, how extraordinary, how +joyful it seemed, that her son, the scarcely perceptible motion of whose +tiny limbs she had felt twenty years ago within her, that son about whom +she used to have quarrels with the too indulgent count, that son who +had first learned to say pear and then granny, that this son +should now be away in a foreign land amid strange surroundings, a manly +warrior doing some kind of mans work of his own, without help or +guidance. The universal experience of ages, showing that children do +grow imperceptibly from the cradle to manhood, did not exist for the +countess. Her sons growth toward manhood, at each of its stages, +had seemed as extraordinary to her as if there had never existed the +millions of human beings who grew up in the same way. As twenty +years before, it seemed impossible that the little creature who lived +somewhere under her heart would ever cry, suck her breast, and begin to +speak, so now she could not believe that that little creature could be +this strong, brave man, this model son and officer that, judging by this +letter, he now was. + +What a style! How charmingly he describes! said she, reading the +descriptive part of the letter. And what a soul! Not a word about +himself.... Not a word! About some Densov or other, though he himself, +I dare say, is braver than any of them. He says nothing about his +sufferings. What a heart! How like him it is! And how he has remembered +everybody! Not forgetting anyone. I always said when he was only so +highI always said.... + +For more than a week preparations were being made, rough drafts of +letters to Nicholas from all the household were written and copied out, +while under the supervision of the countess and the solicitude of the +count, money and all things necessary for the uniform and equipment +of the newly commissioned officer were collected. Anna Mikhylovna, +practical woman that she was, had even managed by favor with army +authorities to secure advantageous means of communication for herself +and her son. She had opportunities of sending her letters to the Grand +Duke Constantine Pvlovich, who commanded the Guards. The Rostvs +supposed that The Russian Guards, Abroad, was quite a definite address, +and that if a letter reached the Grand Duke in command of the Guards +there was no reason why it should not reach the Pvlograd regiment, +which was presumably somewhere in the same neighborhood. And so it was +decided to send the letters and money by the Grand Dukes courier to +Bors and Bors was to forward them to Nicholas. The letters were from +the old count, the countess, Ptya, Vra, Natsha, and Snya, and +finally there were six thousand rubles for his outfit and various other +things the old count sent to his son. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +On the twelfth of November, Kutzovs active army, in camp before +Olmtz, was preparing to be reviewed next day by the two Emperorsthe +Russian and the Austrian. The Guards, just arrived from Russia, spent +the night ten miles from Olmtz and next morning were to come straight +to the review, reaching the field at Olmtz by ten oclock. + +That day Nicholas Rostv received a letter from Bors, telling him +that the Ismylov regiment was quartered for the night ten miles from +Olmtz and that he wanted to see him as he had a letter and money for +him. Rostv was particularly in need of money now that the troops, +after their active service, were stationed near Olmtz and the camp +swarmed with well-provisioned sutlers and Austrian Jews offering +all sorts of tempting wares. The Pvlograds held feast after feast, +celebrating awards they had received for the campaign, and made +expeditions to Olmtz to visit a certain Caroline the Hungarian, +who had recently opened a restaurant there with girls as waitresses. +Rostv, who had just celebrated his promotion to a cornetcy and bought +Densovs horse, Bedouin, was in debt all round, to his comrades and +the sutlers. On receiving Bors letter he rode with a fellow officer +to Olmtz, dined there, drank a bottle of wine, and then set off alone +to the Guards camp to find his old playmate. Rostv had not yet had +time to get his uniform. He had on a shabby cadet jacket, decorated with +a soldiers cross, equally shabby cadets riding breeches lined with +worn leather, and an officers saber with a sword knot. The Don horse +he was riding was one he had bought from a Cossack during the campaign, +and he wore a crumpled hussar cap stuck jauntily back on one side of his +head. As he rode up to the camp he thought how he would impress Bors +and all his comrades of the Guards by his appearancethat of a +fighting hussar who had been under fire. + +The Guards had made their whole march as if on a pleasure trip, parading +their cleanliness and discipline. They had come by easy stages, their +knapsacks conveyed on carts, and the Austrian authorities had provided +excellent dinners for the officers at every halting place. The regiments +had entered and left the town with their bands playing, and by the Grand +Dukes orders the men had marched all the way in step (a practice on +which the Guards prided themselves), the officers on foot and at their +proper posts. Bors had been quartered, and had marched all the +way, with Berg who was already in command of a company. Berg, who had +obtained his captaincy during the campaign, had gained the confidence of +his superiors by his promptitude and accuracy and had arranged his money +matters very satisfactorily. Bors, during the campaign, had made the +acquaintance of many persons who might prove useful to him, and by +a letter of recommendation he had brought from Pierre had become +acquainted with Prince Andrew Bolknski, through whom he hoped to +obtain a post on the commander in chiefs staff. Berg and Bors, +having rested after yesterdays march, were sitting, clean and neatly +dressed, at a round table in the clean quarters allotted to them, +playing chess. Berg held a smoking pipe between his knees. Bors, in +the accurate way characteristic of him, was building a little pyramid of +chessmen with his delicate white fingers while awaiting Bergs move, +and watched his opponents face, evidently thinking about the game as +he always thought only of whatever he was engaged on. + +Well, how are you going to get out of that? he remarked. + +Well try to, replied Berg, touching a pawn and then removing +his hand. + +At that moment the door opened. + +Here he is at last! shouted Rostv. And Berg too! Oh, you +petisenfans, allay cushay dormir! he exclaimed, imitating his Russian +nurses French, at which he and Bors used to laugh long ago. + +Dear me, how you have changed! + +Bors rose to meet Rostv, but in doing so did not omit to steady and +replace some chessmen that were falling. He was about to embrace his +friend, but Nicholas avoided him. With that peculiar feeling of youth, +that dread of beaten tracks, and wish to express itself in a manner +different from that of its elders which is often insincere, Nicholas +wished to do something special on meeting his friend. He wanted to pinch +him, push him, do anything but kiss hima thing everybody did. But +notwithstanding this, Bors embraced him in a quiet, friendly way and +kissed him three times. + +They had not met for nearly half a year and, being at the age when young +men take their first steps on lifes road, each saw immense changes in +the other, quite a new reflection of the society in which they had taken +those first steps. Both had changed greatly since they last met and both +were in a hurry to show the changes that had taken place in them. + +Oh, you damned dandies! Clean and fresh as if youd been to a fete, +not like us sinners of the line, cried Rostv, with martial swagger +and with baritone notes in his voice, new to Bors, pointing to his own +mud-bespattered breeches. The German landlady, hearing Rostvs loud +voice, popped her head in at the door. + +Eh, is she pretty? he asked with a wink. + +Why do you shout so? Youll frighten them! said Bors. I did +not expect you today, he added. I only sent you the note yesterday +by Bolknskian adjutant of Kutzovs, whos a friend of mine. +I did not think he would get it to you so quickly.... Well, how are you? +Been under fire already? asked Bors. + +Without answering, Rostv shook the soldiers Cross of St. George +fastened to the cording of his uniform and, indicating a bandaged arm, +glanced at Berg with a smile. + +As you see, he said. + +Indeed? Yes, yes! said Bors, with a smile. And we too have +had a splendid march. You know, of course, that His Imperial Highness +rode with our regiment all the time, so that we had every comfort and +every advantage. What receptions we had in Poland! What dinners and +balls! I cant tell you. And the Tsarvich was very gracious to all +our officers. + +And the two friends told each other of their doings, the one of his +hussar revels and life in the fighting line, the other of the pleasures +and advantages of service under members of the Imperial family. + +Oh, you Guards! said Rostv. I say, send for some wine. + +Bors made a grimace. + +If you really want it, said he. + +He went to his bed, drew a purse from under the clean pillow, and sent +for wine. + +Yes, and I have some money and a letter to give you, he added. + +Rostv took the letter and, throwing the money on the sofa, put both +arms on the table and began to read. After reading a few lines, he +glanced angrily at Berg, then, meeting his eyes, hid his face behind the +letter. + +Well, theyve sent you a tidy sum, said Berg, eying the heavy +purse that sank into the sofa. As for us, Count, we get along on our +pay. I can tell you for myself... + +I say, Berg, my dear fellow, said Rostv, when you get a +letter from home and meet one of your own people whom you want to talk +everything over with, and I happen to be there, Ill go at once, to +be out of your way! Do go somewhere, anywhere... to the devil! he +exclaimed, and immediately seizing him by the shoulder and looking +amiably into his face, evidently wishing to soften the rudeness of his +words, he added, Dont be hurt, my dear fellow you know I speak +from my heart as to an old acquaintance. + +Oh, dont mention it, Count! I quite understand, said Berg, +getting up and speaking in a muffled and guttural voice. + +Go across to our hosts they invited you, added Bors. + +Berg put on the cleanest of coats, without a spot or speck of dust, +stood before a looking glass and brushed the hair on his temples +upwards, in the way affected by the Emperor Alexander, and, having +assured himself from the way Rostv looked at it that his coat had been +noticed, left the room with a pleasant smile. + +Oh dear, what a beast I am! muttered Rostv, as he read the +letter. + +Why? + +Oh, what a pig I am, not to have written and to have given them +such a fright! Oh, what a pig I am! he repeated, flushing suddenly. +Well, have you sent Gabriel for some wine? All right lets have +some! + +In the letter from his parents was enclosed a letter of recommendation +to Bagratin which the old countess at Anna Mikhylovnas advice had +obtained through an acquaintance and sent to her son, asking him to take +it to its destination and make use of it. + +What nonsense! Much I need it! said Rostv, throwing the letter +under the table. + +Why have you thrown that away? asked Bors. + +It is some letter of recommendation... what the devil do I want it +for! + +Why What the devil? said Bors, picking it up and reading +the address. This letter would be of great use to you. + +I want nothing, and I wont be anyones adjutant. + +Why not? inquired Bors. + +Its a lackeys job! + +You are still the same dreamer, I see, remarked Bors, shaking +his head. + +And youre still the same diplomatist! But thats not the +point... Come, how are you? asked Rostv. + +Well, as you see. So far everythings all right, but I confess I +should much like to be an adjutant and not remain at the front. + +Why? + +Because when once a man starts on military service, he should try to +make as successful a career of it as possible. + +Oh, thats it! said Rostv, evidently thinking of something +else. + +He looked intently and inquiringly into his friends eyes, evidently +trying in vain to find the answer to some question. + +Old Gabriel brought in the wine. + +Shouldnt we now send for Berg? asked Bors. He would drink +with you. I cant. + +Well, send for him... and how do you get on with that German? +asked Rostv, with a contemptuous smile. + +He is a very, very nice, honest, and pleasant fellow, answered +Bors. + +Again Rostv looked intently into Bors eyes and sighed. Berg +returned, and over the bottle of wine conversation between the three +officers became animated. The Guardsmen told Rostv of their march and +how they had been made much of in Russia, Poland, and abroad. They spoke +of the sayings and doings of their commander, the Grand Duke, and told +stories of his kindness and irascibility. Berg, as usual, kept silent +when the subject did not relate to himself, but in connection with the +stories of the Grand Dukes quick temper he related with gusto how in +Galicia he had managed to deal with the Grand Duke when the latter +made a tour of the regiments and was annoyed at the irregularity of +a movement. With a pleasant smile Berg related how the Grand Duke +had ridden up to him in a violent passion, shouting Arnauts! +(Arnauts was the Tsarvichs favorite expression when he was in +a rage) and called for the company commander. + +Would you believe it, Count, I was not at all alarmed, because I knew +I was right. Without boasting, you know, I may say that I know the Army +Orders by heart and know the Regulations as well as I do the Lords +Prayer. So, Count, there never is any negligence in my company, and +so my conscience was at ease. I came forward.... (Berg stood up and +showed how he presented himself, with his hand to his cap, and really +it would have been difficult for a face to express greater respect and +self-complacency than his did.) Well, he stormed at me, as the saying +is, stormed and stormed and stormed! It was not a matter of life but +rather of death, as the saying is. Albanians! and devils! +and To Siberia! said Berg with a sagacious smile. I knew I +was in the right so I kept silent was not that best, Count?... Hey, +are you dumb? he shouted. Still I remained silent. And what do you +think, Count? The next day it was not even mentioned in the Orders of +the Day. Thats what keeping ones head means. Thats the way, +Count, said Berg, lighting his pipe and emitting rings of smoke. + +Yes, that was fine, said Rostv, smiling. + +But Bors noticed that he was preparing to make fun of Berg, and +skillfully changed the subject. He asked him to tell them how and where +he got his wound. This pleased Rostv and he began talking about it, +and as he went on became more and more animated. He told them of his +Schn Grabern affair, just as those who have taken part in a battle +generally do describe it, that is, as they would like it to have been, +as they have heard it described by others, and as sounds well, but not +at all as it really was. Rostv was a truthful young man and would on +no account have told a deliberate lie. He began his story meaning to +tell everything just as it happened, but imperceptibly, involuntarily, +and inevitably he lapsed into falsehood. If he had told the truth to his +hearerswho like himself had often heard stories of attacks and had +formed a definite idea of what an attack was and were expecting to hear +just such a storythey would either not have believed him or, still +worse, would have thought that Rostv was himself to blame since what +generally happens to the narrators of cavalry attacks had not happened +to him. He could not tell them simply that everyone went at a trot and +that he fell off his horse and sprained his arm and then ran as hard as +he could from a Frenchman into the wood. Besides, to tell everything as +it really happened, it would have been necessary to make an effort of +will to tell only what happened. It is very difficult to tell the truth, +and young people are rarely capable of it. His hearers expected a story +of how beside himself and all aflame with excitement, he had flown like +a storm at the square, cut his way in, slashed right and left, how his +saber had tasted flesh and he had fallen exhausted, and so on. And so he +told them all that. + +In the middle of his story, just as he was saying You cannot imagine +what a strange frenzy one experiences during an attack, Prince +Andrew, whom Bors was expecting, entered the room. Prince Andrew, who +liked to help young men, was flattered by being asked for his assistance +and being well disposed toward Bors, who had managed to please him the +day before, he wished to do what the young man wanted. Having been sent +with papers from Kutzov to the Tsarvich, he looked in on Bors, +hoping to find him alone. When he came in and saw an hussar of the line +recounting his military exploits (Prince Andrew could not endure +that sort of man), he gave Bors a pleasant smile, frowned as with +half-closed eyes he looked at Rostv, bowed slightly and wearily, and +sat down languidly on the sofa he felt it unpleasant to have dropped +in on bad company. Rostv flushed up on noticing this, but he did not +care, this was a mere stranger. Glancing, however, at Bors, he saw +that he too seemed ashamed of the hussar of the line. + +In spite of Prince Andrews disagreeable, ironical tone, in spite of +the contempt with which Rostv, from his fighting army point of view, +regarded all these little adjutants on the staff of whom the newcomer +was evidently one, Rostv felt confused, blushed, and became silent. +Bors inquired what news there might be on the staff, and what, without +indiscretion, one might ask about our plans. + +We shall probably advance, replied Bolknski, evidently reluctant +to say more in the presence of a stranger. + +Berg took the opportunity to ask, with great politeness, whether, as was +rumored, the allowance of forage money to captains of companies would be +doubled. To this Prince Andrew answered with a smile that he could +give no opinion on such an important government order, and Berg laughed +gaily. + +As to your business, Prince Andrew continued, addressing Bors, +we will talk of it later (and he looked round at Rostv). Come +to me after the review and we will do what is possible. + +And, having glanced round the room, Prince Andrew turned to Rostv, +whose state of unconquerable childish embarrassment now changing to +anger he did not condescend to notice, and said I think you were +talking of the Schn Grabern affair? Were you there? + +I was there, said Rostv angrily, as if intending to insult the +aide-de-camp. + +Bolknski noticed the hussars state of mind, and it amused him. With +a slightly contemptuous smile, he said Yes, there are many stories +now told about that affair! + +Yes, stories! repeated Rostv loudly, looking with eyes suddenly +grown furious, now at Bors, now at Bolknski. Yes, many stories! +But our stories are the stories of men who have been under the enemys +fire! Our stories have some weight, not like the stories of those +fellows on the staff who get rewards without doing anything! + +Of whom you imagine me to be one? said Prince Andrew, with a quiet +and particularly amiable smile. + +A strange feeling of exasperation and yet of respect for this mans +self-possession mingled at that moment in Rostvs soul. + +I am not talking about you, he said, I dont know you and, +frankly, I dont want to. I am speaking of the staff in general. + +And I will tell you this, Prince Andrew interrupted in a tone of +quiet authority, you wish to insult me, and I am ready to agree with +you that it would be very easy to do so if you havent sufficient +self-respect, but admit that the time and place are very badly chosen. +In a day or two we shall all have to take part in a greater and more +serious duel, and besides, Drubetsky, who says he is an old friend +of yours, is not at all to blame that my face has the misfortune to +displease you. However, he added rising, you know my name and +where to find me, but dont forget that I do not regard either myself +or you as having been at all insulted, and as a man older than you, my +advice is to let the matter drop. Well then, on Friday after the review +I shall expect you, Drubetsky. Au revoir! exclaimed Prince Andrew, +and with a bow to them both he went out. + +Only when Prince Andrew was gone did Rostv think of what he ought to +have said. And he was still more angry at having omitted to say it. He +ordered his horse at once and, coldly taking leave of Bors, rode +home. Should he go to headquarters next day and challenge that affected +adjutant, or really let the matter drop, was the question that worried +him all the way. He thought angrily of the pleasure he would have at +seeing the fright of that small and frail but proud man when covered by +his pistol, and then he felt with surprise that of all the men he knew +there was none he would so much like to have for a friend as that very +adjutant whom he so hated. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +The day after Rostv had been to see Bors, a review was held of the +Austrian and Russian troops, both those freshly arrived from Russia and +those who had been campaigning under Kutzov. The two Emperors, +the Russian with his heir the Tsarvich, and the Austrian with the +Archduke, inspected the allied army of eighty thousand men. + +From early morning the smart clean troops were on the move, forming up +on the field before the fortress. Now thousands of feet and bayonets +moved and halted at the officers command, turned with banners flying, +formed up at intervals, and wheeled round other similar masses of +infantry in different uniforms now was heard the rhythmic beat of +hoofs and the jingling of showy cavalry in blue, red, and green braided +uniforms, with smartly dressed bandsmen in front mounted on black, roan, +or gray horses then again, spreading out with the brazen clatter of the +polished shining cannon that quivered on the gun carriages and with +the smell of linstocks, came the artillery which crawled between the +infantry and cavalry and took up its appointed position. Not only the +generals in full parade uniforms, with their thin or thick waists drawn +in to the utmost, their red necks squeezed into their stiff collars, and +wearing scarves and all their decorations, not only the elegant, pomaded +officers, but every soldier with his freshly washed and shaven face and +his weapons clean and polished to the utmost, and every horse groomed +till its coat shone like satin and every hair of its wetted mane lay +smoothfelt that no small matter was happening, but an important and +solemn affair. Every general and every soldier was conscious of his own +insignificance, aware of being but a drop in that ocean of men, and +yet at the same time was conscious of his strength as a part of that +enormous whole. + +From early morning strenuous activities and efforts had begun and by ten +oclock all had been brought into due order. The ranks were drawn +up on the vast field. The whole army was extended in three lines the +cavalry in front, behind it the artillery, and behind that again the +infantry. + +A space like a street was left between each two lines of troops. The +three parts of that army were sharply distinguished Kutzovs +fighting army (with the Pvlograds on the right flank of the front) +those recently arrived from Russia, both Guards and regiments of the +line and the Austrian troops. But they all stood in the same lines, +under one command, and in a like order. + +Like wind over leaves ran an excited whisper Theyre coming! +Theyre coming! Alarmed voices were heard, and a stir of final +preparation swept over all the troops. + +From the direction of Olmtz in front of them, a group was seen +approaching. And at that moment, though the day was still, a light gust +of wind blowing over the army slightly stirred the streamers on the +lances and the unfolded standards fluttered against their staffs. It +looked as if by that slight motion the army itself was expressing its +joy at the approach of the Emperors. One voice was heard shouting +Eyes front! Then, like the crowing of cocks at sunrise, this was +repeated by others from various sides and all became silent. + +In the deathlike stillness only the tramp of horses was heard. This +was the Emperors suites. The Emperors rode up to the flank, and the +trumpets of the first cavalry regiment played the general march. It +seemed as though not the trumpeters were playing, but as if the army +itself, rejoicing at the Emperors approach, had naturally burst into +music. Amid these sounds, only the youthful kindly voice of the Emperor +Alexander was clearly heard. He gave the words of greeting, and the +first regiment roared Hurrah! so deafeningly, continuously, and +joyfully that the men themselves were awed by their multitude and the +immensity of the power they constituted. + +Rostv, standing in the front lines of Kutzovs army which the Tsar +approached first, experienced the same feeling as every other man in +that army a feeling of self-forgetfulness, a proud consciousness of +might, and a passionate attraction to him who was the cause of this +triumph. + +He felt that at a single word from that man all this vast mass (and he +himself an insignificant atom in it) would go through fire and water, +commit crime, die, or perform deeds of highest heroism, and so he could +not but tremble and his heart stand still at the imminence of that word. + +Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah! thundered from all sides, one regiment +after another greeting the Tsar with the strains of the march, and then +Hurrah!... Then the general march, and again Hurrah! Hurrah! +growing ever stronger and fuller and merging into a deafening roar. + +Till the Tsar reached it, each regiment in its silence and immobility +seemed like a lifeless body, but as soon as he came up it became alive, +its thunder joining the roar of the whole line along which he had +already passed. Through the terrible and deafening roar of those voices, +amid the square masses of troops standing motionless as if turned to +stone, hundreds of riders composing the suites moved carelessly but +symmetrically and above all freely, and in front of them two menthe +Emperors. Upon them the undivided, tensely passionate attention of that +whole mass of men was concentrated. + +The handsome young Emperor Alexander, in the uniform of the Horse +Guards, wearing a cocked hat with its peaks front and back, with his +pleasant face and resonant though not loud voice, attracted everyones +attention. + +Rostv was not far from the trumpeters, and with his keen sight had +recognized the Tsar and watched his approach. When he was within twenty +paces, and Nicholas could clearly distinguish every detail of his +handsome, happy young face, he experienced a feeling of tenderness +and ecstasy such as he had never before known. Every trait and every +movement of the Tsars seemed to him enchanting. + +Stopping in front of the Pvlograds, the Tsar said something in French +to the Austrian Emperor and smiled. + +Seeing that smile, Rostv involuntarily smiled himself and felt a still +stronger flow of love for his sovereign. He longed to show that love in +some way and knowing that this was impossible was ready to cry. The Tsar +called the colonel of the regiment and said a few words to him. + +Oh God, what would happen to me if the Emperor spoke to me? +thought Rostv. I should die of happiness! + +The Tsar addressed the officers also I thank you all, gentlemen, I +thank you with my whole heart. To Rostv every word sounded like a +voice from heaven. How gladly would he have died at once for his Tsar! + +You have earned the St. Georges standards and will be worthy of +them. + +Oh, to die, to die for him, thought Rostv. + +The Tsar said something more which Rostv did not hear, and the +soldiers, straining their lungs, shouted Hurrah! + +Rostv too, bending over his saddle, shouted Hurrah! with all his +might, feeling that he would like to injure himself by that shout, if +only to express his rapture fully. + +The Tsar stopped a few minutes in front of the hussars as if undecided. + +How can the Emperor be undecided? thought Rostv, but then even +this indecision appeared to him majestic and enchanting, like everything +else the Tsar did. + +That hesitation lasted only an instant. The Tsars foot, in the narrow +pointed boot then fashionable, touched the groin of the bobtailed bay +mare he rode, his hand in a white glove gathered up the reins, and he +moved off accompanied by an irregularly swaying sea of aides-de-camp. +Farther and farther he rode away, stopping at other regiments, till at +last only his white plumes were visible to Rostv from amid the suites +that surrounded the Emperors. + +Among the gentlemen of the suite, Rostv noticed Bolknski, sitting +his horse indolently and carelessly. Rostv recalled their quarrel of +yesterday and the question presented itself whether he ought or ought +not to challenge Bolknski. Of course not! he now thought. Is +it worth thinking or speaking of it at such a moment? At a time of such +love, such rapture, and such self-sacrifice, what do any of our quarrels +and affronts matter? I love and forgive everybody now. + +When the Emperor had passed nearly all the regiments, the troops began +a ceremonial march past him, and Rostv on Bedouin, recently purchased +from Densov, rode past too, at the rear of his squadronthat is, +alone and in full view of the Emperor. + +Before he reached him, Rostv, who was a splendid horseman, spurred +Bedouin twice and successfully put him to the showy trot in which the +animal went when excited. Bending his foaming muzzle to his chest, his +tail extended, Bedouin, as if also conscious of the Emperors eye +upon him, passed splendidly, lifting his feet with a high and graceful +action, as if flying through the air without touching the ground. + +Rostv himself, his legs well back and his stomach drawn in and feeling +himself one with his horse, rode past the Emperor with a frowning but +blissful face like a vewy devil, as Densov expressed it. + +Fine fellows, the Pvlograds! remarked the Emperor. + +My God, how happy I should be if he ordered me to leap into the fire +this instant! thought Rostv. + +When the review was over, the newly arrived officers, and also +Kutzovs, collected in groups and began to talk about the awards, +about the Austrians and their uniforms, about their lines, about +Bonaparte, and how badly the latter would fare now, especially if the +Essen corps arrived and Prussia took our side. + +But the talk in every group was chiefly about the Emperor Alexander. His +every word and movement was described with ecstasy. + +They all had but one wish to advance as soon as possible against the +enemy under the Emperors command. Commanded by the Emperor himself +they could not fail to vanquish anyone, be it whom it might so thought +Rostv and most of the officers after the review. + +All were then more confident of victory than the winning of two battles +would have made them. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +The day after the review, Bors, in his best uniform and with his +comrade Bergs best wishes for success, rode to Olmtz to see +Bolknski, wishing to profit by his friendliness and obtain for himself +the best post he couldpreferably that of adjutant to some important +personage, a position in the army which seemed to him most attractive. +It is all very well for Rostv, whose father sends him ten thousand +rubles at a time, to talk about not wishing to cringe to anybody and not +be anyones lackey, but I who have nothing but my brains have to +make a career and must not miss opportunities, but must avail myself of +them! he reflected. + +He did not find Prince Andrew in Olmtz that day, but the appearance of +the town where the headquarters and the diplomatic corps were stationed +and the two Emperors were living with their suites, households, and +courts only strengthened his desire to belong to that higher world. + +He knew no one, and despite his smart Guardsmans uniform, all these +exalted personages passing in the streets in their elegant carriages +with their plumes, ribbons, and medals, both courtiers and military +men, seemed so immeasurably above him, an insignificant officer of the +Guards, that they not only did not wish to, but simply could not, be +aware of his existence. At the quarters of the commander in chief, +Kutzov, where he inquired for Bolknski, all the adjutants and even +the orderlies looked at him as if they wished to impress on him that a +great many officers like him were always coming there and that everybody +was heartily sick of them. In spite of this, or rather because of +it, next day, November 15, after dinner he again went to Olmtz and, +entering the house occupied by Kutzov, asked for Bolknski. Prince +Andrew was in and Bors was shown into a large hall probably formerly +used for dancing, but in which five beds now stood, and furniture of +various kinds a table, chairs, and a clavichord. One adjutant, nearest +the door, was sitting at the table in a Persian dressing gown, writing. +Another, the red, stout Nesvtski, lay on a bed with his arms under his +head, laughing with an officer who had sat down beside him. A third was +playing a Viennese waltz on the clavichord, while a fourth, lying on +the clavichord, sang the tune. Bolknski was not there. None of these +gentlemen changed his position on seeing Bors. The one who was writing +and whom Bors addressed turned round crossly and told him Bolknski +was on duty and that he should go through the door on the left into the +reception room if he wished to see him. Bors thanked him and went to +the reception room, where he found some ten officers and generals. + +When he entered, Prince Andrew, his eyes drooping contemptuously (with +that peculiar expression of polite weariness which plainly says, If +it were not my duty I would not talk to you for a moment), was +listening to an old Russian general with decorations, who stood very +erect, almost on tiptoe, with a soldiers obsequious expression on his +purple face, reporting something. + +Very well, then, be so good as to wait, said Prince Andrew to the +general, in Russian, speaking with the French intonation he affected +when he wished to speak contemptuously, and noticing Bors, Prince +Andrew, paying no more heed to the general who ran after him imploring +him to hear something more, nodded and turned to him with a cheerful +smile. + +At that moment Bors clearly realized what he had before surmised, that +in the army, besides the subordination and discipline prescribed in the +military code, which he and the others knew in the regiment, there was +another, more important, subordination, which made this tight-laced, +purple-faced general wait respectfully while Captain Prince Andrew, for +his own pleasure, chose to chat with Lieutenant Drubetsky. More than +ever was Bors resolved to serve in future not according to the written +code, but under this unwritten law. He felt now that merely by having +been recommended to Prince Andrew he had already risen above the general +who at the front had the power to annihilate him, a lieutenant of the +Guards. Prince Andrew came up to him and took his hand. + +I am very sorry you did not find me in yesterday. I was fussing about +with Germans all day. We went with Weyrother to survey the dispositions. +When Germans start being accurate, theres no end to it! + +Bors smiled, as if he understood what Prince Andrew was alluding to +as something generally known. But it was the first time he had heard +Weyrothers name, or even the term dispositions. + +Well, my dear fellow, so you still want to be an adjutant? I have +been thinking about you. + +Yes, I was thinkingfor some reason Bors could not help +blushingof asking the commander in chief. He has had a letter from +Prince Kurgin about me. I only wanted to ask because I fear the Guards +wont be in action, he added as if in apology. + +All right, all right. Well talk it over, replied Prince Andrew. +Only let me report this gentlemans business, and I shall be at +your disposal. + +While Prince Andrew went to report about the purple-faced general, that +gentlemanevidently not sharing Bors conception of the advantages +of the unwritten code of subordinationlooked so fixedly at the +presumptuous lieutenant who had prevented his finishing what he had to +say to the adjutant that Bors felt uncomfortable. He turned away and +waited impatiently for Prince Andrews return from the commander in +chiefs room. + +You see, my dear fellow, I have been thinking about you, +said Prince Andrew when they had gone into the large room where the +clavichord was. Its no use your going to the commander in chief. +He would say a lot of pleasant things, ask you to dinner (That +would not be bad as regards the unwritten code, thought Bors), +but nothing more would come of it. There will soon be a battalion of +us aides-de-camp and adjutants! But this is what well do I have +a good friend, an adjutant general and an excellent fellow, Prince +Dolgorkov and though you may not know it, the fact is that now +Kutzov with his staff and all of us count for nothing. Everything is +now centered round the Emperor. So we will go to Dolgorkov I have to +go there anyhow and I have already spoken to him about you. We shall +see whether he cannot attach you to himself or find a place for you +somewhere nearer the sun. + +Prince Andrew always became specially keen when he had to guide a young +man and help him to worldly success. Under cover of obtaining help +of this kind for another, which from pride he would never accept for +himself, he kept in touch with the circle which confers success and +which attracted him. He very readily took up Bors cause and went +with him to Dolgorkov. + +It was late in the evening when they entered the palace at Olmtz +occupied by the Emperors and their retinues. + +That same day a council of war had been held in which all the members of +the Hofkriegsrath and both Emperors took part. At that council, contrary +to the views of the old generals Kutzov and Prince Schwartzenberg, it +had been decided to advance immediately and give battle to Bonaparte. +The council of war was just over when Prince Andrew accompanied +by Bors arrived at the palace to find Dolgorkov. Everyone at +headquarters was still under the spell of the days council, at which +the party of the young had triumphed. The voices of those who counseled +delay and advised waiting for something else before advancing had been +so completely silenced and their arguments confuted by such conclusive +evidence of the advantages of attacking that what had been discussed +at the councilthe coming battle and the victory that would certainly +result from itno longer seemed to be in the future but in the past. +All the advantages were on our side. Our enormous forces, undoubtedly +superior to Napoleons, were concentrated in one place, the troops +inspired by the Emperors presence were eager for action. The +strategic position where the operations would take place was familiar in +all its details to the Austrian General Weyrother a lucky accident had +ordained that the Austrian army should maneuver the previous year on the +very fields where the French had now to be fought the adjacent +locality was known and shown in every detail on the maps, and Bonaparte, +evidently weakened, was undertaking nothing. + +Dolgorkov, one of the warmest advocates of an attack, had just +returned from the council, tired and exhausted but eager and proud +of the victory that had been gained. Prince Andrew introduced his +protg, but Prince Dolgorkov politely and firmly pressing his hand +said nothing to Bors and, evidently unable to suppress the thoughts +which were uppermost in his mind at that moment, addressed Prince Andrew +in French. + +Ah, my dear fellow, what a battle we have gained! God grant that +the one that will result from it will be as victorious! However, dear +fellow, he said abruptly and eagerly, I must confess to having +been unjust to the Austrians and especially to Weyrother. What +exactitude, what minuteness, what knowledge of the locality, what +foresight for every eventuality, every possibility even to the smallest +detail! No, my dear fellow, no conditions better than our present ones +could have been devised. This combination of Austrian precision with +Russian valorwhat more could be wished for? + +So the attack is definitely resolved on? asked Bolknski. + +And do you know, my dear fellow, it seems to me that Bonaparte has +decidedly lost bearings, you know that a letter was received from him +today for the Emperor. Dolgorkov smiled significantly. + +Is that so? And what did he say? inquired Bolknski. + +What can he say? Tra-di-ri-di-ra and so on... merely to gain time. +I tell you he is in our hands, thats certain! But what was most +amusing, he continued, with a sudden, good-natured laugh, was that +we could not think how to address the reply! If not as Consul +and of course not as Emperor, it seemed to me it should be to +General Bonaparte. + +But between not recognizing him as Emperor and calling him General +Bonaparte, there is a difference, remarked Bolknski. + +Thats just it, interrupted Dolgorkov quickly, laughing. +You know Bilbinhes a very clever fellow. He suggested +addressing him as Usurper and Enemy of Mankind. + +Dolgorkov laughed merrily. + +Only that? said Bolknski. + +All the same, it was Bilbin who found a suitable form for the +address. He is a wise and clever fellow. + +What was it? + +To the Head of the French Government... Au chef du gouvernement +franais, said Dolgorkov, with grave satisfaction. Good, +wasnt it? + +Yes, but he will dislike it extremely, said Bolknski. + +Oh yes, very much! My brother knows him, hes dined with himthe +present Emperormore than once in Paris, and tells me he never met a +more cunning or subtle diplomatistyou know, a combination of French +adroitness and Italian play-acting! Do you know the tale about him and +Count Markv? Count Markv was the only man who knew how to handle +him. You know the story of the handkerchief? It is delightful! + +And the talkative Dolgorkov, turning now to Bors, now to Prince +Andrew, told how Bonaparte wishing to test Markv, our ambassador, +purposely dropped a handkerchief in front of him and stood looking +at Markv, probably expecting Markv to pick it up for him, and how +Markv immediately dropped his own beside it and picked it up without +touching Bonapartes. + +Delightful! said Bolknski. But I have come to you, Prince, +as a petitioner on behalf of this young man. You see... but +before Prince Andrew could finish, an aide-de-camp came in to summon +Dolgorkov to the Emperor. + +Oh, what a nuisance, said Dolgorkov, getting up hurriedly and +pressing the hands of Prince Andrew and Bors. You know I should +be very glad to do all in my power both for you and for this dear young +man. Again he pressed the hand of the latter with an expression of +good-natured, sincere, and animated levity. But you see... another +time! + +Bors was excited by the thought of being so close to the higher powers +as he felt himself to be at that moment. He was conscious that here +he was in contact with the springs that set in motion the enormous +movements of the mass of which in his regiment he felt himself a tiny, +obedient, and insignificant atom. They followed Prince Dolgorkov out +into the corridor and metcoming out of the door of the Emperors +room by which Dolgorkov had entereda short man in civilian clothes +with a clever face and sharply projecting jaw which, without spoiling +his face, gave him a peculiar vivacity and shiftiness of expression. +This short man nodded to Dolgorkov as to an intimate friend and stared +at Prince Andrew with cool intensity, walking straight toward him and +evidently expecting him to bow or to step out of his way. Prince Andrew +did neither a look of animosity appeared on his face and the other +turned away and went down the side of the corridor. + +Who was that? asked Bors. + +He is one of the most remarkable, but to me most unpleasant of +menthe Minister of Foreign Affairs, Prince Adam Czartorski.... It +is such men as he who decide the fate of nations, added Bolknski +with a sigh he could not suppress, as they passed out of the palace. + +Next day, the army began its campaign, and up to the very battle of +Austerlitz, Bors was unable to see either Prince Andrew or Dolgorkov +again and remained for a while with the Ismylov regiment. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +At dawn on the sixteenth of November, Densovs squadron, in +which Nicholas Rostv served and which was in Prince Bagratins +detachment, moved from the place where it had spent the night, advancing +into action as arranged, and after going behind other columns for +about two thirds of a mile was stopped on the highroad. Rostv saw the +Cossacks and then the first and second squadrons of hussars and infantry +battalions and artillery pass by and go forward and then Generals +Bagratin and Dolgorkov ride past with their adjutants. All the fear +before action which he had experienced as previously, all the inner +struggle to conquer that fear, all his dreams of distinguishing himself +as a true hussar in this battle, had been wasted. Their squadron +remained in reserve and Nicholas Rostv spent that day in a dull and +wretched mood. At nine in the morning, he heard firing in front and +shouts of hurrah, and saw wounded being brought back (there were not +many of them), and at last he saw how a whole detachment of French +cavalry was brought in, convoyed by a stnya of Cossacks. Evidently the +affair was over and, though not big, had been a successful engagement. +The men and officers returning spoke of a brilliant victory, of the +occupation of the town of Wischau and the capture of a whole French +squadron. The day was bright and sunny after a sharp night frost, and +the cheerful glitter of that autumn day was in keeping with the news of +victory which was conveyed, not only by the tales of those who had taken +part in it, but also by the joyful expression on the faces of soldiers, +officers, generals, and adjutants, as they passed Rostv going or +coming. And Nicholas, who had vainly suffered all the dread that +precedes a battle and had spent that happy day in inactivity, was all +the more depressed. + +Come here, Wostv. Lets dwink to dwown our gwief! shouted +Densov, who had settled down by the roadside with a flask and some +food. + +The officers gathered round Densovs canteen, eating and talking. + +There! They are bringing another! cried one of the officers, +indicating a captive French dragoon who was being brought in on foot by +two Cossacks. + +One of them was leading by the bridle a fine large French horse he had +taken from the prisoner. + +Sell us that horse! Densov called out to the Cossacks. + +If you like, your honor! + +The officers got up and stood round the Cossacks and their prisoner. +The French dragoon was a young Alsatian who spoke French with a German +accent. He was breathless with agitation, his face was red, and when +he heard some French spoken he at once began speaking to the officers, +addressing first one, then another. He said he would not have been +taken, it was not his fault but the corporals who had sent him to +seize some horsecloths, though he had told him the Russians were there. +And at every word he added But dont hurt my little horse! and +stroked the animal. It was plain that he did not quite grasp where he +was. Now he excused himself for having been taken prisoner and now, +imagining himself before his own officers, insisted on his soldierly +discipline and zeal in the service. He brought with him into our +rearguard all the freshness of atmosphere of the French army, which was +so alien to us. + +The Cossacks sold the horse for two gold pieces, and Rostv, being the +richest of the officers now that he had received his money, bought it. + +But dont hurt my little horse! said the Alsatian good-naturedly +to Rostv when the animal was handed over to the hussar. + +Rostv smilingly reassured the dragoon and gave him money. + +Alley! Alley! said the Cossack, touching the prisoners arm to +make him go on. + +The Emperor! The Emperor! was suddenly heard among the hussars. + +All began to run and bustle, and Rostv saw coming up the road behind +him several riders with white plumes in their hats. In a moment everyone +was in his place, waiting. + +Rostv did not know or remember how he ran to his place and mounted. +Instantly his regret at not having been in action and his dejected mood +amid people of whom he was weary had gone, instantly every thought of +himself had vanished. He was filled with happiness at his nearness to +the Emperor. He felt that this nearness by itself made up to him for the +day he had lost. He was happy as a lover when the longed-for moment of +meeting arrives. Not daring to look round and without looking round, he +was ecstatically conscious of his approach. He felt it not only from the +sound of the hoofs of the approaching cavalcade, but because as he drew +near everything grew brighter, more joyful, more significant, and more +festive around him. Nearer and nearer to Rostv came that sun shedding +beams of mild and majestic light around, and already he felt himself +enveloped in those beams, he heard his voice, that kindly, calm, +and majestic voice that was yet so simple! And as if in accord with +Rostvs feeling, there was a deathly stillness amid which was heard +the Emperors voice. + +The Pvlograd hussars? he inquired. + +The reserves, sire! replied a voice, a very human one compared to +that which had said The Pvlograd hussars? + +The Emperor drew level with Rostv and halted. Alexanders face was +even more beautiful than it had been three days before at the review. It +shone with such gaiety and youth, such innocent youth, that it suggested +the liveliness of a fourteen-year-old boy, and yet it was the face +of the majestic Emperor. Casually, while surveying the squadron, the +Emperors eyes met Rostvs and rested on them for not more than +two seconds. Whether or no the Emperor understood what was going on in +Rostvs soul (it seemed to Rostv that he understood everything), +at any rate his light-blue eyes gazed for about two seconds into +Rostvs face. A gentle, mild light poured from them. Then all at +once he raised his eyebrows, abruptly touched his horse with his left +foot, and galloped on. + +The younger Emperor could not restrain his wish to be present at the +battle and, in spite of the remonstrances of his courtiers, at twelve +oclock left the third column with which he had been and galloped +toward the vanguard. Before he came up with the hussars, several +adjutants met him with news of the successful result of the action. + +This battle, which consisted in the capture of a French squadron, was +represented as a brilliant victory over the French, and so the +Emperor and the whole army, especially while the smoke hung over +the battlefield, believed that the French had been defeated and were +retreating against their will. A few minutes after the Emperor had +passed, the Pvlograd division was ordered to advance. In Wischau +itself, a petty German town, Rostv saw the Emperor again. In the +market place, where there had been some rather heavy firing before the +Emperors arrival, lay several killed and wounded soldiers whom there +had not been time to move. The Emperor, surrounded by his suite +of officers and courtiers, was riding a bobtailed chestnut mare, a +different one from that which he had ridden at the review, and bending +to one side he gracefully held a gold lorgnette to his eyes and looked +at a soldier who lay prone, with blood on his uncovered head. The +wounded soldier was so dirty, coarse, and revolting that his proximity +to the Emperor shocked Rostv. Rostv saw how the Emperors rather +round shoulders shuddered as if a cold shiver had run down them, how his +left foot began convulsively tapping the horses side with the spur, +and how the well-trained horse looked round unconcerned and did not +stir. An adjutant, dismounting, lifted the soldier under the arms to +place him on a stretcher that had been brought. The soldier groaned. + +Gently, gently! Cant you do it more gently? said the Emperor +apparently suffering more than the dying soldier, and he rode away. + +Rostv saw tears filling the Emperors eyes and heard him, as he was +riding away, say to Czartorski What a terrible thing war is what +a terrible thing! Quelle terrible chose que la guerre! + +The troops of the vanguard were stationed before Wischau, within sight +of the enemys lines, which all day long had yielded ground to us +at the least firing. The Emperors gratitude was announced to the +vanguard, rewards were promised, and the men received a double ration of +vodka. The campfires crackled and the soldiers songs resounded +even more merrily than on the previous night. Densov celebrated his +promotion to the rank of major, and Rostv, who had already drunk +enough, at the end of the feast proposed the Emperors health. Not +our Sovereign, the Emperor, as they say at official dinners, +said he, but the health of our Sovereign, that good, enchanting, and +great man! Let us drink to his health and to the certain defeat of the +French! + +If we fought before, he said, not letting the French pass, as +at Schn Grabern, what shall we not do now when he is at the front? We +will all die for him gladly! Is it not so, gentlemen? Perhaps I am not +saying it right, I have drunk a good dealbut that is how I feel, and +so do you too! To the health of Alexander the First! Hurrah! + +Hurrah! rang the enthusiastic voices of the officers. + +And the old cavalry captain, Krsten, shouted enthusiastically and no +less sincerely than the twenty-year-old Rostv. + +When the officers had emptied and smashed their glasses, Krsten filled +others and, in shirt sleeves and breeches, went glass in hand to the +soldiers bonfires and with his long gray mustache, his white chest +showing under his open shirt, he stood in a majestic pose in the light +of the campfire, waving his uplifted arm. + +Lads! heres to our Sovereign, the Emperor, and victory over +our enemies! Hurrah! he exclaimed in his dashing, old, hussars +baritone. + +The hussars crowded round and responded heartily with loud shouts. + +Late that night, when all had separated, Densov with his short hand +patted his favorite, Rostv, on the shoulder. + +As theres no one to fall in love with on campaign, hes fallen +in love with the Tsar, he said. + +Densov, dont make fun of it! cried Rostv. It is such a +lofty, beautiful feeling, such a... + +I believe it, I believe it, fwiend, and I share and appwove... + +No, you dont understand! + +And Rostv got up and went wandering among the campfires, dreaming of +what happiness it would be to dienot in saving the Emperors life +(he did not even dare to dream of that), but simply to die before his +eyes. He really was in love with the Tsar and the glory of the Russian +arms and the hope of future triumph. And he was not the only man to +experience that feeling during those memorable days preceding the battle +of Austerlitz nine tenths of the men in the Russian army were then in +love, though less ecstatically, with their Tsar and the glory of the +Russian arms. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +The next day the Emperor stopped at Wischau, and Villier, his physician, +was repeatedly summoned to see him. At headquarters and among the troops +near by the news spread that the Emperor was unwell. He ate nothing and +had slept badly that night, those around him reported. The cause of this +indisposition was the strong impression made on his sensitive mind by +the sight of the killed and wounded. + +At daybreak on the seventeenth, a French officer who had come with +a flag of truce, demanding an audience with the Russian Emperor, was +brought into Wischau from our outposts. This officer was Savary. The +Emperor had only just fallen asleep and so Savary had to wait. At midday +he was admitted to the Emperor, and an hour later he rode off with +Prince Dolgorkov to the advanced post of the French army. + +It was rumored that Savary had been sent to propose to Alexander +a meeting with Napoleon. To the joy and pride of the whole army, a +personal interview was refused, and instead of the Sovereign, Prince +Dolgorkov, the victor at Wischau, was sent with Savary to negotiate +with Napoleon if, contrary to expectations, these negotiations were +actuated by a real desire for peace. + +Toward evening Dolgorkov came back, went straight to the Tsar, and +remained alone with him for a long time. + +On the eighteenth and nineteenth of November, the army advanced two +days march and the enemys outposts after a brief interchange +of shots retreated. In the highest army circles from midday on the +nineteenth, a great, excitedly bustling activity began which lasted till +the morning of the twentieth, when the memorable battle of Austerlitz +was fought. + +Till midday on the nineteenth, the activitythe eager talk, running to +and fro, and dispatching of adjutantswas confined to the Emperors +headquarters. But on the afternoon of that day, this activity reached +Kutzovs headquarters and the staffs of the commanders of columns. +By evening, the adjutants had spread it to all ends and parts of the +army, and in the night from the nineteenth to the twentieth, the whole +eighty thousand allied troops rose from their bivouacs to the hum of +voices, and the army swayed and started in one enormous mass six miles +long. + +The concentrated activity which had begun at the Emperors +headquarters in the morning and had started the whole movement that +followed was like the first movement of the main wheel of a large tower +clock. One wheel slowly moved, another was set in motion, and a third, +and wheels began to revolve faster and faster, levers and cogwheels to +work, chimes to play, figures to pop out, and the hands to advance with +regular motion as a result of all that activity. + +Just as in the mechanism of a clock, so in the mechanism of the military +machine, an impulse once given leads to the final result and just as +indifferently quiescent till the moment when motion is transmitted +to them are the parts of the mechanism which the impulse has not yet +reached. Wheels creak on their axles as the cogs engage one another and +the revolving pulleys whirr with the rapidity of their movement, but a +neighboring wheel is as quiet and motionless as though it were prepared +to remain so for a hundred years but the moment comes when the lever +catches it and obeying the impulse that wheel begins to creak and joins +in the common motion the result and aim of which are beyond its ken. + +Just as in a clock, the result of the complicated motion of innumerable +wheels and pulleys is merely a slow and regular movement of the +hands which show the time, so the result of all the complicated human +activities of 160,000 Russians and Frenchall their passions, desires, +remorse, humiliations, sufferings, outbursts of pride, fear, and +enthusiasmwas only the loss of the battle of Austerlitz, the +so-called battle of the three Emperorsthat is to say, a slow movement +of the hand on the dial of human history. + +Prince Andrew was on duty that day and in constant attendance on the +commander in chief. + +At six in the evening, Kutzov went to the Emperors headquarters +and after staying but a short time with the Tsar went to see the grand +marshal of the court, Count Tolsty. + +Bolknski took the opportunity to go in to get some details of the +coming action from Dolgorkov. He felt that Kutzov was upset +and dissatisfied about something and that at headquarters they were +dissatisfied with him, and also that at the Emperors headquarters +everyone adopted toward him the tone of men who know something others do +not know he therefore wished to speak to Dolgorkov. + +Well, how dyou do, my dear fellow? said Dolgorkov, who was +sitting at tea with Bilbin. The fete is for tomorrow. How is your +old fellow? Out of sorts? + +I wont say he is out of sorts, but I fancy he would like to be +heard. + +But they heard him at the council of war and will hear him when he +talks sense, but to temporize and wait for something now when Bonaparte +fears nothing so much as a general battle is impossible. + +Yes, you have seen him? said Prince Andrew. Well, what is +Bonaparte like? How did he impress you? + +Yes, I saw him, and am convinced that he fears nothing so much as +a general engagement, repeated Dolgorkov, evidently prizing this +general conclusion which he had arrived at from his interview with +Napoleon. If he werent afraid of a battle why did he ask for that +interview? Why negotiate, and above all why retreat, when to retreat is +so contrary to his method of conducting war? Believe me, he is afraid, +afraid of a general battle. His hour has come! Mark my words! + +But tell me, what is he like, eh? said Prince Andrew again. + +He is a man in a gray overcoat, very anxious that I should call +him Your Majesty, but who, to his chagrin, got no title from +me! Thats the sort of man he is, and nothing more, replied +Dolgorkov, looking round at Bilbin with a smile. + +Despite my great respect for old Kutzov, he continued, we +should be a nice set of fellows if we were to wait about and so give him +a chance to escape, or to trick us, now that we certainly have him in +our hands! No, we mustnt forget Suvrov and his rulenot to put +yourself in a position to be attacked, but yourself to attack. Believe +me in war the energy of young men often shows the way better than all +the experience of old Cunctators. + +But in what position are we going to attack him? I have been at the +outposts today and it is impossible to say where his chief forces are +situated, said Prince Andrew. + +He wished to explain to Dolgorkov a plan of attack he had himself +formed. + +Oh, that is all the same, Dolgorkov said quickly, and getting up +he spread a map on the table. All eventualities have been foreseen. +If he is standing before Brnn... + +And Prince Dolgorkov rapidly but indistinctly explained Weyrothers +plan of a flanking movement. + +Prince Andrew began to reply and to state his own plan, which might +have been as good as Weyrothers, but for the disadvantage that +Weyrothers had already been approved. As soon as Prince Andrew began +to demonstrate the defects of the latter and the merits of his own plan, +Prince Dolgorkov ceased to listen to him and gazed absent-mindedly not +at the map, but at Prince Andrews face. + +There will be a council of war at Kutzovs tonight, though you +can say all this there, remarked Dolgorkov. + +I will do so, said Prince Andrew, moving away from the map. + +Whatever are you bothering about, gentlemen? said Bilbin, who, +till then, had listened with an amused smile to their conversation and +now was evidently ready with a joke. Whether tomorrow brings +victory or defeat, the glory of our Russian arms is secure. Except your +Kutzov, there is not a single Russian in command of a column! The +commanders are Herr General Wimpfen, le Comte de Langeron, le Prince de +Lichtenstein, le Prince, de Hohenlohe, and finally Prishprish, and so on +like all those Polish names. + +Be quiet, backbiter! said Dolgorkov. It is not true there +are now two Russians, Milordovich, and Dokhtrov, and there would be +a third, Count Arakchev, if his nerves were not too weak. + +However, I think General Kutzov has come out, said Prince +Andrew. I wish you good luck and success, gentlemen! he added and +went out after shaking hands with Dolgorkov and Bilbin. + +On the way home, Prince Andrew could not refrain from asking Kutzov, +who was sitting silently beside him, what he thought of tomorrows +battle. + +Kutzov looked sternly at his adjutant and, after a pause, replied +I think the battle will be lost, and so I told Count Tolsty and +asked him to tell the Emperor. What do you think he replied? But, my +dear general, I am engaged with rice and cutlets, look after military +matters yourself! Yes... That was the answer I got! + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Shortly after nine oclock that evening, Weyrother drove with his +plans to Kutzovs quarters where the council of war was to be +held. All the commanders of columns were summoned to the commander in +chiefs and with the exception of Prince Bagratin, who declined to +come, were all there at the appointed time. + +Weyrother, who was in full control of the proposed battle, by his +eagerness and briskness presented a marked contrast to the dissatisfied +and drowsy Kutzov, who reluctantly played the part of chairman and +president of the council of war. Weyrother evidently felt himself to be +at the head of a movement that had already become unrestrainable. He was +like a horse running downhill harnessed to a heavy cart. Whether he was +pulling it or being pushed by it he did not know, but rushed along at +headlong speed with no time to consider what this movement might lead +to. Weyrother had been twice that evening to the enemys picket +line to reconnoiter personally, and twice to the Emperors, Russian and +Austrian, to report and explain, and to his headquarters where he had +dictated the dispositions in German, and now, much exhausted, he arrived +at Kutzovs. + +He was evidently so busy that he even forgot to be polite to the +commander in chief. He interrupted him, talked rapidly and indistinctly, +without looking at the man he was addressing, and did not reply to +questions put to him. He was bespattered with mud and had a pitiful, +weary, and distracted air, though at the same time he was haughty and +self-confident. + +Kutzov was occupying a noblemans castle of modest dimensions near +Ostralitz. In the large drawing room which had become the commander +in chiefs office were gathered Kutzov himself, Weyrother, and the +members of the council of war. They were drinking tea, and only awaited +Prince Bagratin to begin the council. At last Bagratins orderly +came with the news that the prince could not attend. Prince Andrew came +in to inform the commander in chief of this and, availing himself +of permission previously given him by Kutzov to be present at the +council, he remained in the room. + +Since Prince Bagratin is not coming, we may begin, said +Weyrother, hurriedly rising from his seat and going up to the table on +which an enormous map of the environs of Brnn was spread out. + +Kutzov, with his uniform unbuttoned so that his fat neck bulged over +his collar as if escaping, was sitting almost asleep in a low chair, +with his podgy old hands resting symmetrically on its arms. At the sound +of Weyrothers voice, he opened his one eye with an effort. + +Yes, yes, if you please! It is already late, said he, and nodding +his head he let it droop and again closed his eye. + +If at first the members of the council thought that Kutzov was +pretending to sleep, the sounds his nose emitted during the reading that +followed proved that the commander in chief at that moment was absorbed +by a far more serious matter than a desire to show his contempt for +the dispositions or anything elsehe was engaged in satisfying the +irresistible human need for sleep. He really was asleep. Weyrother, with +the gesture of a man too busy to lose a moment, glanced at Kutzov and, +having convinced himself that he was asleep, took up a paper and in +a loud, monotonous voice began to read out the dispositions for the +impending battle, under a heading which he also read out + +Dispositions for an attack on the enemy position behind Kobelnitz and +Sokolnitz, November 30, 1805. + +The dispositions were very complicated and difficult. They began as +follows + +As the enemys left wing rests on wooded hills and his right +extends along Kobelnitz and Sokolnitz behind the ponds that are there, +while we, on the other hand, with our left wing by far outflank his +right, it is advantageous to attack the enemys latter wing especially +if we occupy the villages of Sokolnitz and Kobelnitz, whereby we +can both fall on his flank and pursue him over the plain between +Schlappanitz and the Thuerassa forest, avoiding the defiles of +Schlappanitz and Bellowitz which cover the enemys front. For this +object it is necessary that... The first column marches... The second +column marches... The third column marches... and so on, read +Weyrother. + +The generals seemed to listen reluctantly to the difficult dispositions. +The tall, fair-haired General Buxhwden stood, leaning his back against +the wall, his eyes fixed on a burning candle, and seemed not to listen +or even to wish to be thought to listen. Exactly opposite Weyrother, +with his glistening wide-open eyes fixed upon him and his mustache +twisted upwards, sat the ruddy Milordovich in a military pose, his +elbows turned outwards, his hands on his knees, and his shoulders +raised. He remained stubbornly silent, gazing at Weyrothers face, +and only turned away his eyes when the Austrian chief of staff finished +reading. Then Milordovich looked round significantly at the other +generals. But one could not tell from that significant look whether he +agreed or disagreed and was satisfied or not with the arrangements. Next +to Weyrother sat Count Langeron who, with a subtle smile that never left +his typically southern French face during the whole time of the reading, +gazed at his delicate fingers which rapidly twirled by its corners +a gold snuffbox on which was a portrait. In the middle of one of the +longest sentences, he stopped the rotary motion of the snuffbox, raised +his head, and with inimical politeness lurking in the corners of his +thin lips interrupted Weyrother, wishing to say something. But the +Austrian general, continuing to read, frowned angrily and jerked his +elbows, as if to say You can tell me your views later, but now be so +good as to look at the map and listen. Langeron lifted his eyes with +an expression of perplexity, turned round to Milordovich as if seeking +an explanation, but meeting the latters impressive but meaningless +gaze drooped his eyes sadly and again took to twirling his snuffbox. + +A geography lesson! he muttered as if to himself, but loud enough +to be heard. + +Przebyszwski, with respectful but dignified politeness, held his +hand to his ear toward Weyrother, with the air of a man absorbed in +attention. Dohktrov, a little man, sat opposite Weyrother, with +an assiduous and modest mien, and stooping over the outspread map +conscientiously studied the dispositions and the unfamiliar locality. He +asked Weyrother several times to repeat words he had not clearly heard +and the difficult names of villages. Weyrother complied and Dohktrov +noted them down. + +When the reading which lasted more than an hour was over, Langeron again +brought his snuffbox to rest and, without looking at Weyrother or at +anyone in particular, began to say how difficult it was to carry out +such a plan in which the enemys position was assumed to be known, +whereas it was perhaps not known, since the enemy was in movement. +Langerons objections were valid but it was obvious that their chief +aim was to show General Weyrotherwho had read his dispositions with +as much self-confidence as if he were addressing school childrenthat +he had to do, not with fools, but with men who could teach him something +in military matters. + +When the monotonous sound of Weyrothers voice ceased, Kutzov opened +his eye as a miller wakes up when the soporific drone of the mill wheel +is interrupted. He listened to what Langeron said, as if remarking, +So you are still at that silly business! quickly closed his eye +again, and let his head sink still lower. + +Langeron, trying as virulently as possible to sting Weyrothers vanity +as author of the military plan, argued that Bonaparte might easily +attack instead of being attacked, and so render the whole of this +plan perfectly worthless. Weyrother met all objections with a firm and +contemptuous smile, evidently prepared beforehand to meet all objections +be they what they might. + +If he could attack us, he would have done so today, said he. + +So you think he is powerless? said Langeron. + +He has forty thousand men at most, replied Weyrother, with the +smile of a doctor to whom an old wife wishes to explain the treatment of +a case. + +In that case he is inviting his doom by awaiting our attack, said +Langeron, with a subtly ironical smile, again glancing round for support +to Milordovich who was near him. + +But Milordovich was at that moment evidently thinking of anything +rather than of what the generals were disputing about. + +Ma foi! said he, tomorrow we shall see all that on the +battlefield. + +Weyrother again gave that smile which seemed to say that to him it was +strange and ridiculous to meet objections from Russian generals and to +have to prove to them what he had not merely convinced himself of, but +had also convinced the sovereign Emperors of. + +The enemy has quenched his fires and a continual noise is heard from +his camp, said he. What does that mean? Either he is retreating, +which is the only thing we need fear, or he is changing his position. +(He smiled ironically.) But even if he also took up a position in +the Thuerassa, he merely saves us a great deal of trouble and all our +arrangements to the minutest detail remain the same. + +How is that?... began Prince Andrew, who had for long been waiting +an opportunity to express his doubts. + +Kutzov here woke up, coughed heavily, and looked round at the +generals. + +Gentlemen, the dispositions for tomorrowor rather for today, for +it is past midnightcannot now be altered, said he. You have +heard them, and we shall all do our duty. But before a battle, there is +nothing more important... he paused, than to have a good sleep. + +He moved as if to rise. The generals bowed and retired. It was past +midnight. Prince Andrew went out. + +The council of war, at which Prince Andrew had not been able to +express his opinion as he had hoped to, left on him a vague and uneasy +impression. Whether Dolgorkov and Weyrother, or Kutzov, Langeron, +and the others who did not approve of the plan of attack, were +righthe did not know. But was it really not possible for Kutzov +to state his views plainly to the Emperor? Is it possible that on +account of court and personal considerations tens of thousands of lives, +and my life, my life, he thought, must be risked? + +Yes, it is very likely that I shall be killed tomorrow, he +thought. And suddenly, at this thought of death, a whole series of most +distant, most intimate, memories rose in his imagination he remembered +his last parting from his father and his wife he remembered the days +when he first loved her. He thought of her pregnancy and felt sorry for +her and for himself, and in a nervously emotional and softened mood he +went out of the hut in which he was billeted with Nesvtski and began +to walk up and down before it. + +The night was foggy and through the fog the moonlight gleamed +mysteriously. Yes, tomorrow, tomorrow! he thought. Tomorrow +everything may be over for me! All these memories will be no more, none +of them will have any meaning for me. Tomorrow perhaps, even certainly, +I have a presentiment that for the first time I shall have to show all +I can do. And his fancy pictured the battle, its loss, the +concentration of fighting at one point, and the hesitation of all the +commanders. And then that happy moment, that Toulon for which he had +so long waited, presents itself to him at last. He firmly and clearly +expresses his opinion to Kutzov, to Weyrother, and to the Emperors. +All are struck by the justness of his views, but no one undertakes to +carry them out, so he takes a regiment, a divisionstipulates that no +one is to interfere with his arrangementsleads his division to +the decisive point, and gains the victory alone. But death and +suffering? suggested another voice. Prince Andrew, however, did not +answer that voice and went on dreaming of his triumphs. The dispositions +for the next battle are planned by him alone. Nominally he is only an +adjutant on Kutzovs staff, but he does everything alone. The next +battle is won by him alone. Kutzov is removed and he is appointed... +Well and then? asked the other voice. If before that you are +not ten times wounded, killed, or betrayed, well... what then?... +Well then, Prince Andrew answered himself, I dont know +what will happen and dont want to know, and cant, but if I want +thiswant glory, want to be known to men, want to be loved by them, it +is not my fault that I want it and want nothing but that and live only +for that. Yes, for that alone! I shall never tell anyone, but, oh God! +what am I to do if I love nothing but fame and mens esteem? Death, +wounds, the loss of familyI fear nothing. And precious and dear +as many persons are to mefather, sister, wifethose dearest to +meyet dreadful and unnatural as it seems, I would give them all at +once for a moment of glory, of triumph over men, of love from men I +dont know and never shall know, for the love of these men here, he +thought, as he listened to voices in Kutzovs courtyard. The voices +were those of the orderlies who were packing up one voice, probably a +coachmans, was teasing Kutzovs old cook whom Prince Andrew knew, +and who was called Tit. He was saying, Tit, I say, Tit! + +Well? returned the old man. + +Go, Tit, thresh a bit! said the wag. + +Oh, go to the devil! called out a voice, drowned by the laughter +of the orderlies and servants. + +All the same, I love and value nothing but triumph over them all, I +value this mystic power and glory that is floating here above me in this +mist! + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +That same night, Rostv was with a platoon on skirmishing duty in front +of Bagratins detachment. His hussars were placed along the line +in couples and he himself rode along the line trying to master the +sleepiness that kept coming over him. An enormous space, with our +armys campfires dimly glowing in the fog, could be seen behind him +in front of him was misty darkness. Rostv could see nothing, peer as +he would into that foggy distance now something gleamed gray, now there +was something black, now little lights seemed to glimmer where the enemy +ought to be, now he fancied it was only something in his own eyes. His +eyes kept closing, and in his fancy appearednow the Emperor, now +Densov, and now Moscow memoriesand he again hurriedly opened his +eyes and saw close before him the head and ears of the horse he was +riding, and sometimes, when he came within six paces of them, the +black figures of hussars, but in the distance was still the same misty +darkness. Why not?... It might easily happen, thought Rostv, +that the Emperor will meet me and give me an order as he would to any +other officer hell say Go and find out whats there. There +are many stories of his getting to know an officer in just such a chance +way and attaching him to himself! What if he gave me a place near him? +Oh, how I would guard him, how I would tell him the truth, how I would +unmask his deceivers! And in order to realize vividly his love +devotion to the sovereign, Rostv pictured to himself an enemy or a +deceitful German, whom he would not only kill with pleasure but whom +he would slap in the face before the Emperor. Suddenly a distant shout +aroused him. He started and opened his eyes. + +Where am I? Oh yes, in the skirmishing line... pass and +watchwordshaft, Olmtz. What a nuisance that our squadron will be in +reserve tomorrow, he thought. Ill ask leave to go to the front, +this may be my only chance of seeing the Emperor. It wont be long +now before I am off duty. Ill take another turn and when I get back +Ill go to the general and ask him. He readjusted himself in the +saddle and touched up his horse to ride once more round his hussars. It +seemed to him that it was getting lighter. To the left he saw a sloping +descent lit up, and facing it a black knoll that seemed as steep as a +wall. On this knoll there was a white patch that Rostv could not at +all make out was it a glade in the wood lit up by the moon, or some +unmelted snow, or some white houses? He even thought something moved on +that white spot. I expect its snow... that spot... a spotune +tache, he thought. There now... its not a tache... Natsha... +sister, black eyes... Na... tasha... (Wont she be surprised when +I tell her how Ive seen the Emperor?) Natsha... take my +sabretache...Keep to the right, your honor, there are bushes +here, came the voice of an hussar, past whom Rostv was riding in +the act of falling asleep. Rostv lifted his head that had sunk almost +to his horses mane and pulled up beside the hussar. He was succumbing +to irresistible, youthful, childish drowsiness. But what was I +thinking? I mustnt forget. How shall I speak to the Emperor? No, +thats not itthats tomorrow. Oh yes! Natsha... sabretache... +saber them... Whom? The hussars... Ah, the hussars with mustaches. Along +the Tverskya Street rode the hussar with mustaches... I thought about +him too, just opposite Gryevs house... Old Gryev.... Oh, but +Densovs a fine fellow. But thats all nonsense. The chief thing +is that the Emperor is here. How he looked at me and wished to say +something, but dared not.... No, it was I who dared not. But thats +nonsense, the chief thing is not to forget the important thing I +was thinking of. Yes, Na-tsha, sabretache, oh, yes, yes! Thats +right! And his head once more sank to his horses neck. All at once +it seemed to him that he was being fired at. What? What? What?... Cut +them down! What?... said Rostv, waking up. At the moment he opened +his eyes he heard in front of him, where the enemy was, the long-drawn +shouts of thousands of voices. His horse and the horse of the hussar +near him pricked their ears at these shouts. Over there, where the +shouting came from, a fire flared up and went out again, then another, +and all along the French line on the hill fires flared up and the +shouting grew louder and louder. Rostv could hear the sound of French +words but could not distinguish them. The din of many voices was too +great all he could hear was ahahah! and rrrr! + +Whats that? What do you make of it? said Rostv to the hussar +beside him. That must be the enemys camp! + +The hussar did not reply. + +Why, dont you hear it? Rostv asked again, after waiting for a +reply. + +Who can tell, your honor? replied the hussar reluctantly. + +From the direction, it must be the enemy, repeated Rostv. + +It may be he or it may be nothing, muttered the hussar. Its +dark... Steady! he cried to his fidgeting horse. + +Rostvs horse was also getting restive it pawed the frozen ground, +pricking its ears at the noise and looking at the lights. The shouting +grew still louder and merged into a general roar that only an army +of several thousand men could produce. The lights spread farther and +farther, probably along the line of the French camp. Rostv no longer +wanted to sleep. The gay triumphant shouting of the enemy army had a +stimulating effect on him. Vive lEmpereur! lEmpereur! he now +heard distinctly. + +They cant be far off, probably just beyond the stream, he said +to the hussar beside him. + +The hussar only sighed without replying and coughed angrily. The sound +of horses hoofs approaching at a trot along the line of hussars was +heard, and out of the foggy darkness the figure of a sergeant of hussars +suddenly appeared, looming huge as an elephant. + +Your honor, the generals! said the sergeant, riding up to Rostv. + +Rostv, still looking round toward the fires and the shouts, rode with +the sergeant to meet some mounted men who were riding along the line. +One was on a white horse. Prince Bagratin and Prince Dolgorkov with +their adjutants had come to witness the curious phenomenon of the +lights and shouts in the enemys camp. Rostv rode up to Bagratin, +reported to him, and then joined the adjutants listening to what the +generals were saying. + +Believe me, said Prince Dolgorkov, addressing Bagratin, it +is nothing but a trick! He has retreated and ordered the rearguard to +kindle fires and make a noise to deceive us. + +Hardly, said Bagratin. I saw them this evening on that +knoll if they had retreated they would have withdrawn from that too.... +Officer! said Bagratin to Rostv, are the enemys skirmishers +still there? + +They were there this evening, but now I dont know, your +excellency. Shall I go with some of my hussars to see? replied +Rostv. + +Bagratin stopped and, before replying, tried to see Rostvs face +in the mist. + +Well, go and see, he said, after a pause. + +Yes, sir. + +Rostv spurred his horse, called to Sergeant Fdchenko and two other +hussars, told them to follow him, and trotted downhill in the direction +from which the shouting came. He felt both frightened and pleased to be +riding alone with three hussars into that mysterious and dangerous misty +distance where no one had been before him. Bagratin called to him from +the hill not to go beyond the stream, but Rostv pretended not to hear +him and did not stop but rode on and on, continually mistaking bushes +for trees and gullies for men and continually discovering his mistakes. +Having descended the hill at a trot, he no longer saw either our own or +the enemys fires, but heard the shouting of the French more loudly +and distinctly. In the valley he saw before him something like a river, +but when he reached it he found it was a road. Having come out onto +the road he reined in his horse, hesitating whether to ride along it or +cross it and ride over the black field up the hillside. To keep to the +road which gleamed white in the mist would have been safer because it +would be easier to see people coming along it. Follow me! said he, +crossed the road, and began riding up the hill at a gallop toward the +point where the French pickets had been standing that evening. + +Your honor, there he is! cried one of the hussars behind him. And +before Rostv had time to make out what the black thing was that had +suddenly appeared in the fog, there was a flash, followed by a report, +and a bullet whizzing high up in the mist with a plaintive sound passed +out of hearing. Another musket missed fire but flashed in the pan. +Rostv turned his horse and galloped back. Four more reports followed +at intervals, and the bullets passed somewhere in the fog singing in +different tones. Rostv reined in his horse, whose spirits had risen, +like his own, at the firing, and went back at a footpace. Well, some +more! Some more! a merry voice was saying in his soul. But no more +shots came. + +Only when approaching Bagratin did Rostv let his horse gallop again, +and with his hand at the salute rode up to the general. + +Dolgorkov was still insisting that the French had retreated and had +only lit fires to deceive us. + +What does that prove? he was saying as Rostv rode up. They +might retreat and leave the pickets. + +Its plain that they have not all gone yet, Prince, said +Bagratin. Wait till tomorrow morning, well find out everything +tomorrow. + +The picket is still on the hill, your excellency, just where it was +in the evening, reported Rostv, stooping forward with his hand at +the salute and unable to repress the smile of delight induced by his +ride and especially by the sound of the bullets. + +Very good, very good, said Bagratin. Thank you, officer. + +Your excellency, said Rostv, may I ask a favor? + +What is it? + +Tomorrow our squadron is to be in reserve. May I ask to be attached +to the first squadron? + +Whats your name? + +Count Rostv. + +Oh, very well, you may stay in attendance on me. + +Count Ily Rostvs son? asked Dolgorkov. + +But Rostv did not reply. + +Then I may reckon on it, your excellency? + +I will give the order. + +Tomorrow very likely I may be sent with some message to the +Emperor, thought Rostv. + +Thank God! + +The fires and shouting in the enemys army were occasioned by the fact +that while Napoleons proclamation was being read to the troops the +Emperor himself rode round his bivouacs. The soldiers, on seeing him, +lit wisps of straw and ran after him, shouting, Vive lEmpereur! +Napoleons proclamation was as follows + +Soldiers! The Russian army is advancing against you to avenge the +Austrian army of Ulm. They are the same battalions you broke at +Hollabrnn and have pursued ever since to this place. The position we +occupy is a strong one, and while they are marching to go round me on +the right they will expose a flank to me. Soldiers! I will myself direct +your battalions. I will keep out of fire if you with your habitual +valor carry disorder and confusion into the enemys ranks, but should +victory be in doubt, even for a moment, you will see your Emperor +exposing himself to the first blows of the enemy, for there must be no +doubt of victory, especially on this day when what is at stake is the +honor of the French infantry, so necessary to the honor of our nation. + +Do not break your ranks on the plea of removing the wounded! Let every +man be fully imbued with the thought that we must defeat these hirelings +of England, inspired by such hatred of our nation! This victory will +conclude our campaign and we can return to winter quarters, where fresh +French troops who are being raised in France will join us, and the peace +I shall conclude will be worthy of my people, of you, and of myself. + +NAPOLEON + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +At five in the morning it was still quite dark. The troops of the +center, the reserves, and Bagratins right flank had not yet moved, +but on the left flank the columns of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, +which were to be the first to descend the heights to attack the French +right flank and drive it into the Bohemian mountains according to plan, +were already up and astir. The smoke of the campfires, into which they +were throwing everything superfluous, made the eyes smart. It was cold +and dark. The officers were hurriedly drinking tea and breakfasting, the +soldiers, munching biscuit and beating a tattoo with their feet to +warm themselves, gathering round the fires throwing into the flames the +remains of sheds, chairs, tables, wheels, tubs, and everything that they +did not want or could not carry away with them. Austrian column guides +were moving in and out among the Russian troops and served as heralds +of the advance. As soon as an Austrian officer showed himself near +a commanding officers quarters, the regiment began to move the +soldiers ran from the fires, thrust their pipes into their boots, their +bags into the carts, got their muskets ready, and formed rank. The +officers buttoned up their coats, buckled on their swords and pouches, +and moved along the ranks shouting. The train drivers and orderlies +harnessed and packed the wagons and tied on the loads. The adjutants and +battalion and regimental commanders mounted, crossed themselves, gave +final instructions, orders, and commissions to the baggage men +who remained behind, and the monotonous tramp of thousands of feet +resounded. The column moved forward without knowing where and unable, +from the masses around them, the smoke and the increasing fog, to see +either the place they were leaving or that to which they were going. + +A soldier on the march is hemmed in and borne along by his regiment as +much as a sailor is by his ship. However far he has walked, whatever +strange, unknown, and dangerous places he reaches, just as a sailor is +always surrounded by the same decks, masts, and rigging of his ship, so +the soldier always has around him the same comrades, the same ranks, the +same sergeant major Ivn Mtrich, the same company dog Jack, and the +same commanders. The sailor rarely cares to know the latitude in which +his ship is sailing, but on the day of battleheaven knows how and +whencea stern note of which all are conscious sounds in the moral +atmosphere of an army, announcing the approach of something decisive +and solemn, and awakening in the men an unusual curiosity. On the day of +battle the soldiers excitedly try to get beyond the interests of their +regiment, they listen intently, look about, and eagerly ask concerning +what is going on around them. + +The fog had grown so dense that though it was growing light they could +not see ten paces ahead. Bushes looked like gigantic trees and level +ground like cliffs and slopes. Anywhere, on any side, one might +encounter an enemy invisible ten paces off. But the columns advanced +for a long time, always in the same fog, descending and ascending hills, +avoiding gardens and enclosures, going over new and unknown ground, and +nowhere encountering the enemy. On the contrary, the soldiers became +aware that in front, behind, and on all sides, other Russian columns +were moving in the same direction. Every soldier felt glad to know that +to the unknown place where he was going, many more of our men were going +too. + +There now, the Krskies have also gone past, was being said in +the ranks. + +Its wonderful what a lot of our troops have gathered, lads! Last +night I looked at the campfires and there was no end of them. A regular +Moscow! + +Though none of the column commanders rode up to the ranks or talked to +the men (the commanders, as we saw at the council of war, were out of +humor and dissatisfied with the affair, and so did not exert themselves +to cheer the men but merely carried out the orders), yet the troops +marched gaily, as they always do when going into action, especially to +an attack. But when they had marched for about an hour in the dense fog, +the greater part of the men had to halt and an unpleasant consciousness +of some dislocation and blunder spread through the ranks. How such +a consciousness is communicated is very difficult to define, but it +certainly is communicated very surely, and flows rapidly, imperceptibly, +and irrepressibly, as water does in a creek. Had the Russian army been +alone without any allies, it might perhaps have been a long time before +this consciousness of mismanagement became a general conviction, but as +it was, the disorder was readily and naturally attributed to the stupid +Germans, and everyone was convinced that a dangerous muddle had been +occasioned by the sausage eaters. + +Why have we stopped? Is the way blocked? Or have we already come up +against the French? + +No, one cant hear them. Theyd be firing if we had. + +They were in a hurry enough to start us, and now here we stand in +the middle of a field without rhyme or reason. Its all those damned +Germans muddling! What stupid devils! + +Yes, Id send them on in front, but no fear, theyre crowding up +behind. And now here we stand hungry. + +I say, shall we soon be clear? They say the cavalry are blocking the +way, said an officer. + +Ah, those damned Germans! They dont know their own country! +said another. + +What division are you? shouted an adjutant, riding up. + +The Eighteenth. + +Then why are you here? You should have gone on long ago, now you +wont get there till evening. + +What stupid orders! They dont themselves know what they are +doing! said the officer and rode off. + +Then a general rode past shouting something angrily, not in Russian. + +Tafa-lafa! But what hes jabbering no one can make out, said a +soldier, mimicking the general who had ridden away. Id shoot them, +the scoundrels! + +We were ordered to be at the place before nine, but we havent got +halfway. Fine orders! was being repeated on different sides. + +And the feeling of energy with which the troops had started began to +turn into vexation and anger at the stupid arrangements and at the +Germans. + +The cause of the confusion was that while the Austrian cavalry was +moving toward our left flank, the higher command found that our center +was too far separated from our right flank and the cavalry were all +ordered to turn back to the right. Several thousand cavalry crossed in +front of the infantry, who had to wait. + +At the front an altercation occurred between an Austrian guide and a +Russian general. The general shouted a demand that the cavalry should be +halted, the Austrian argued that not he, but the higher command, was to +blame. The troops meanwhile stood growing listless and dispirited. After +an hours delay they at last moved on, descending the hill. The fog +that was dispersing on the hill lay still more densely below, where they +were descending. In front in the fog a shot was heard and then another, +at first irregularly at varying intervalstrata...tatand then more +and more regularly and rapidly, and the action at the Goldbach Stream +began. + +Not expecting to come on the enemy down by the stream, and having +stumbled on him in the fog, hearing no encouraging word from their +commanders, and with a consciousness of being too late spreading through +the ranks, and above all being unable to see anything in front or around +them in the thick fog, the Russians exchanged shots with the enemy +lazily and advanced and again halted, receiving no timely orders from +the officers or adjutants who wandered about in the fog in those unknown +surroundings unable to find their own regiments. In this way the action +began for the first, second, and third columns, which had gone down into +the valley. The fourth column, with which Kutzov was, stood on the +Pratzen Heights. + +Below, where the fight was beginning, there was still thick fog on the +higher ground it was clearing, but nothing could be seen of what was +going on in front. Whether all the enemy forces were, as we supposed, +six miles away, or whether they were near by in that sea of mist, no one +knew till after eight oclock. + +It was nine oclock in the morning. The fog lay unbroken like a sea +down below, but higher up at the village of Schlappanitz where Napoleon +stood with his marshals around him, it was quite light. Above him was +a clear blue sky, and the suns vast orb quivered like a huge hollow, +crimson float on the surface of that milky sea of mist. The whole French +army, and even Napoleon himself with his staff, were not on the far side +of the streams and hollows of Sokolnitz and Schlappanitz beyond which we +intended to take up our position and begin the action, but were on this +side, so close to our own forces that Napoleon with the naked eye could +distinguish a mounted man from one on foot. Napoleon, in the blue cloak +which he had worn on his Italian campaign, sat on his small gray Arab +horse a little in front of his marshals. He gazed silently at the hills +which seemed to rise out of the sea of mist and on which the Russian +troops were moving in the distance, and he listened to the sounds of +firing in the valley. Not a single muscle of his facewhich in those +days was still thinmoved. His gleaming eyes were fixed intently on +one spot. His predictions were being justified. Part of the Russian +force had already descended into the valley toward the ponds and lakes +and part were leaving these Pratzen Heights which he intended to attack +and regarded as the key to the position. He saw over the mist that in +a hollow between two hills near the village of Pratzen, the Russian +columns, their bayonets glittering, were moving continuously in one +direction toward the valley and disappearing one after another into +the mist. From information he had received the evening before, from the +sound of wheels and footsteps heard by the outposts during the night, +by the disorderly movement of the Russian columns, and from all +indications, he saw clearly that the allies believed him to be far away +in front of them, and that the columns moving near Pratzen constituted +the center of the Russian army, and that that center was already +sufficiently weakened to be successfully attacked. But still he did not +begin the engagement. + +Today was a great day for himthe anniversary of his coronation. +Before dawn he had slept for a few hours, and refreshed, vigorous, and +in good spirits, he mounted his horse and rode out into the field +in that happy mood in which everything seems possible and everything +succeeds. He sat motionless, looking at the heights visible above +the mist, and his cold face wore that special look of confident, +self-complacent happiness that one sees on the face of a boy happily +in love. The marshals stood behind him not venturing to distract his +attention. He looked now at the Pratzen Heights, now at the sun floating +up out of the mist. + +When the sun had entirely emerged from the fog, and fields and mist were +aglow with dazzling lightas if he had only awaited this to begin the +actionhe drew the glove from his shapely white hand, made a sign +with it to the marshals, and ordered the action to begin. The marshals, +accompanied by adjutants, galloped off in different directions, and +a few minutes later the chief forces of the French army moved rapidly +toward those Pratzen Heights which were being more and more denuded by +Russian troops moving down the valley to their left. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +At eight oclock Kutzov rode to Pratzen at the head of the fourth +column, Milordovichs, the one that was to take the place of +Przebyszwskis and Langerons columns which had already gone down +into the valley. He greeted the men of the foremost regiment and gave +them the order to march, thereby indicating that he intended to lead +that column himself. When he had reached the village of Pratzen he +halted. Prince Andrew was behind, among the immense number forming the +commander in chiefs suite. He was in a state of suppressed excitement +and irritation, though controlledly calm as a man is at the approach of +a long-awaited moment. He was firmly convinced that this was the day of +his Toulon, or his bridge of Arcola. How it would come about he did not +know, but he felt sure it would do so. The locality and the position of +our troops were known to him as far as they could be known to anyone +in our army. His own strategic plan, which obviously could not now +be carried out, was forgotten. Now, entering into Weyrothers plan, +Prince Andrew considered possible contingencies and formed new projects +such as might call for his rapidity of perception and decision. + +To the left down below in the mist, the musketry fire of unseen forces +could be heard. It was there Prince Andrew thought the fight would +concentrate. There we shall encounter difficulties, and there, +thought he, I shall be sent with a brigade or division, and there, +standard in hand, I shall go forward and break whatever is in front of +me. + +He could not look calmly at the standards of the passing battalions. +Seeing them he kept thinking, That may be the very standard with +which I shall lead the army. + +In the morning all that was left of the night mist on the heights was +a hoar frost now turning to dew, but in the valleys it still lay like a +milk-white sea. Nothing was visible in the valley to the left into which +our troops had descended and from whence came the sounds of firing. +Above the heights was the dark clear sky, and to the right the vast orb +of the sun. In front, far off on the farther shore of that sea of mist, +some wooded hills were discernible, and it was there the enemy probably +was, for something could be descried. On the right the Guards were +entering the misty region with a sound of hoofs and wheels and now and +then a gleam of bayonets to the left beyond the village similar masses +of cavalry came up and disappeared in the sea of mist. In front and +behind moved infantry. The commander in chief was standing at the end of +the village letting the troops pass by him. That morning Kutzov seemed +worn and irritable. The infantry passing before him came to a halt +without any command being given, apparently obstructed by something in +front. + +Do order them to form into battalion columns and go round the +village! he said angrily to a general who had ridden up. Dont +you understand, your excellency, my dear sir, that you must not +defile through narrow village streets when we are marching against the +enemy? + +I intended to re-form them beyond the village, your excellency, +answered the general. + +Kutzov laughed bitterly. + +Youll make a fine thing of it, deploying in sight of the enemy! +Very fine! + +The enemy is still far away, your excellency. According to the +dispositions... + +The dispositions! exclaimed Kutzov bitterly. Who told you +that?... Kindly do as you are ordered. + +Yes, sir. + +My dear fellow, Nesvtski whispered to Prince Andrew, the old +man is as surly as a dog. + +An Austrian officer in a white uniform with green plumes in his hat +galloped up to Kutzov and asked in the Emperors name had the fourth +column advanced into action. + +Kutzov turned round without answering and his eye happened to fall +upon Prince Andrew, who was beside him. Seeing him, Kutzovs +malevolent and caustic expression softened, as if admitting that what +was being done was not his adjutants fault, and still not answering +the Austrian adjutant, he addressed Bolknski. + +Go, my dear fellow, and see whether the third division has passed the +village. Tell it to stop and await my orders. + +Hardly had Prince Andrew started than he stopped him. + +And ask whether sharpshooters have been posted, he added. What +are they doing? What are they doing? he murmured to himself, still +not replying to the Austrian. + +Prince Andrew galloped off to execute the order. + +Overtaking the battalions that continued to advance, he stopped +the third division and convinced himself that there really were no +sharpshooters in front of our columns. The colonel at the head of the +regiment was much surprised at the commander in chiefs order to throw +out skirmishers. He had felt perfectly sure that there were other troops +in front of him and that the enemy must be at least six miles away. +There was really nothing to be seen in front except a barren descent +hidden by dense mist. Having given orders in the commander in chiefs +name to rectify this omission, Prince Andrew galloped back. Kutzov +still in the same place, his stout body resting heavily in the saddle +with the lassitude of age, sat yawning wearily with closed eyes. The +troops were no longer moving, but stood with the butts of their muskets +on the ground. + +All right, all right! he said to Prince Andrew, and turned to a +general who, watch in hand, was saying it was time they started as all +the left-flank columns had already descended. + +Plenty of time, your excellency, muttered Kutzov in the midst of +a yawn. Plenty of time, he repeated. + +Just then at a distance behind Kutzov was heard the sound of regiments +saluting, and this sound rapidly came nearer along the whole extended +line of the advancing Russian columns. Evidently the person they were +greeting was riding quickly. When the soldiers of the regiment in front +of which Kutzov was standing began to shout, he rode a little to one +side and looked round with a frown. Along the road from Pratzen galloped +what looked like a squadron of horsemen in various uniforms. Two of them +rode side by side in front, at full gallop. One in a black uniform with +white plumes in his hat rode a bobtailed chestnut horse, the other who +was in a white uniform rode a black one. These were the two Emperors +followed by their suites. Kutzov, affecting the manners of an old +soldier at the front, gave the command Attention! and rode up +to the Emperors with a salute. His whole appearance and manner were +suddenly transformed. He put on the air of a subordinate who obeys +without reasoning. With an affectation of respect which evidently struck +Alexander unpleasantly, he rode up and saluted. + +This unpleasant impression merely flitted over the young and happy face +of the Emperor like a cloud of haze across a clear sky and vanished. +After his illness he looked rather thinner that day than on the field +of Olmtz where Bolknski had seen him for the first time abroad, but +there was still the same bewitching combination of majesty and mildness +in his fine gray eyes, and on his delicate lips the same capacity for +varying expression and the same prevalent appearance of goodhearted +innocent youth. + +At the Olmtz review he had seemed more majestic here he seemed +brighter and more energetic. He was slightly flushed after galloping two +miles, and reining in his horse he sighed restfully and looked round +at the faces of his suite, young and animated as his own. Czartorski, +Novosltsev, Prince Volknsky, Strgonov, and the others, all richly +dressed gay young men on splendid, well-groomed, fresh, only slightly +heated horses, exchanging remarks and smiling, had stopped behind the +Emperor. The Emperor Francis, a rosy, long faced young man, sat very +erect on his handsome black horse, looking about him in a leisurely and +preoccupied manner. He beckoned to one of his white adjutants and asked +some questionMost likely he is asking at what oclock they +started, thought Prince Andrew, watching his old acquaintance with +a smile he could not repress as he recalled his reception at Brnn. +In the Emperors suite were the picked young orderly officers of the +Guard and line regiments, Russian and Austrian. Among them were grooms +leading the Tsars beautiful relay horses covered with embroidered +cloths. + +As when a window is opened a whiff of fresh air from the fields enters +a stuffy room, so a whiff of youthfulness, energy, and confidence of +success reached Kutzovs cheerless staff with the galloping advent +of all these brilliant young men. + +Why arent you beginning, Michael Ilarinovich? said the +Emperor Alexander hurriedly to Kutzov, glancing courteously at the +same time at the Emperor Francis. + +I am waiting, Your Majesty, answered Kutzov, bending forward +respectfully. + +The Emperor, frowning slightly, bent his ear forward as if he had not +quite heard. + +Waiting, Your Majesty, repeated Kutzov. (Prince Andrew noted +that Kutzovs upper lip twitched unnaturally as he said the +word waiting.) Not all the columns have formed up yet, Your +Majesty. + +The Tsar heard but obviously did not like the reply he shrugged his +rather round shoulders and glanced at Novosltsev who was near him, as +if complaining of Kutzov. + +You know, Michael Ilarinovich, we are not on the Empress Field +where a parade does not begin till all the troops are assembled, said +the Tsar with another glance at the Emperor Francis, as if inviting +him if not to join in at least to listen to what he was saying. But the +Emperor Francis continued to look about him and did not listen. + +That is just why I do not begin, sire, said Kutzov in a +resounding voice, apparently to preclude the possibility of not being +heard, and again something in his face twitchedThat is just why +I do not begin, sire, because we are not on parade and not on the +Empress Field, said he clearly and distinctly. + +In the Emperors suite all exchanged rapid looks that expressed +dissatisfaction and reproach. Old though he may be, he should not, he +certainly should not, speak like that, their glances seemed to say. + +The Tsar looked intently and observantly into Kutzovs eye +waiting to hear whether he would say anything more. But Kutzov, with +respectfully bowed head, seemed also to be waiting. The silence lasted +for about a minute. + +However, if you command it, Your Majesty, said Kutzov, lifting +his head and again assuming his former tone of a dull, unreasoning, but +submissive general. + +He touched his horse and having called Milordovich, the commander of +the column, gave him the order to advance. + +The troops again began to move, and two battalions of the Nvgorod and +one of the psheron regiment went forward past the Emperor. + +As this psheron battalion marched by, the red-faced Milordovich, +without his greatcoat, with his Orders on his breast and an enormous +tuft of plumes in his cocked hat worn on one side with its corners front +and back, galloped strenuously forward, and with a dashing salute reined +in his horse before the Emperor. + +God be with you, general! said the Emperor. + +Ma foi, sire, nous ferons ce qui sera dans notre possibilit, +sire, * he answered gaily, raising nevertheless ironic smiles among +the gentlemen of the Tsars suite by his poor French. + + * Indeed, Sire, we shall do everything it is possible to + do, Sire. + + +Milordovich wheeled his horse sharply and stationed himself a little +behind the Emperor. The psheron men, excited by the Tsars presence, +passed in step before the Emperors and their suites at a bold, brisk +pace. + +Lads! shouted Milordovich in a loud, self-confident, and cheery +voice, obviously so elated by the sound of firing, by the prospect of +battle, and by the sight of the gallant psherons, his comrades in +Suvrovs time, now passing so gallantly before the Emperors, that he +forgot the sovereigns presence. Lads, its not the first village +youve had to take, cried he. + +Glad to do our best! shouted the soldiers. + +The Emperors horse started at the sudden cry. This horse that had +carried the sovereign at reviews in Russia bore him also here on the +field of Austerlitz, enduring the heedless blows of his left foot and +pricking its ears at the sound of shots just as it had done on the +Empress Field, not understanding the significance of the firing, nor +of the nearness of the Emperor Francis black cob, nor of all that was +being said, thought, and felt that day by its rider. + +The Emperor turned with a smile to one of his followers and made a +remark to him, pointing to the gallant psherons. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Kutzov accompanied by his adjutants rode at a walking pace behind the +carabineers. + +When he had gone less than half a mile in the rear of the column he +stopped at a solitary, deserted house that had probably once been an +inn, where two roads parted. Both of them led downhill and troops were +marching along both. + +The fog had begun to clear and enemy troops were already dimly visible +about a mile and a half off on the opposite heights. Down below, on +the left, the firing became more distinct. Kutzov had stopped and was +speaking to an Austrian general. Prince Andrew, who was a little behind +looking at them, turned to an adjutant to ask him for a field glass. + +Look, look! said this adjutant, looking not at the troops in the +distance, but down the hill before him. Its the French! + +The two generals and the adjutant took hold of the field glass, trying +to snatch it from one another. The expression on all their faces +suddenly changed to one of horror. The French were supposed to be a +mile and a half away, but had suddenly and unexpectedly appeared just in +front of us. + +Its the enemy?... No!... Yes, see it is!... for certain.... But +how is that? said different voices. + +With the naked eye Prince Andrew saw below them to the right, not more +than five hundred paces from where Kutzov was standing, a dense French +column coming up to meet the psherons. + +Here it is! The decisive moment has arrived. My turn has come, +thought Prince Andrew, and striking his horse he rode up to Kutzov. + +The psherons must be stopped, your excellency, cried he. But at +that very instant a cloud of smoke spread all round, firing was heard +quite close at hand, and a voice of nave terror barely two steps from +Prince Andrew shouted, Brothers! Alls lost! And at this as if +at a command, everyone began to run. + +Confused and ever-increasing crowds were running back to where five +minutes before the troops had passed the Emperors. Not only would it +have been difficult to stop that crowd, it was even impossible not to +be carried back with it oneself. Bolknski only tried not to lose +touch with it, and looked around bewildered and unable to grasp what was +happening in front of him. Nesvtski with an angry face, red and unlike +himself, was shouting to Kutzov that if he did not ride away at once +he would certainly be taken prisoner. Kutzov remained in the same +place and without answering drew out a handkerchief. Blood was flowing +from his cheek. Prince Andrew forced his way to him. + +You are wounded? he asked, hardly able to master the trembling of +his lower jaw. + +The wound is not here, it is there! said Kutzov, pressing the +handkerchief to his wounded cheek and pointing to the fleeing soldiers. +Stop them! he shouted, and at the same moment, probably realizing +that it was impossible to stop them, spurred his horse and rode to the +right. + +A fresh wave of the flying mob caught him and bore him back with it. + +The troops were running in such a dense mass that once surrounded by +them it was difficult to get out again. One was shouting, Get on! +Why are you hindering us? Another in the same place turned round and +fired in the air a third was striking the horse Kutzov himself rode. +Having by a great effort got away to the left from that flood of men, +Kutzov, with his suite diminished by more than half, rode toward a +sound of artillery fire near by. Having forced his way out of the crowd +of fugitives, Prince Andrew, trying to keep near Kutzov, saw on the +slope of the hill amid the smoke a Russian battery that was still firing +and Frenchmen running toward it. Higher up stood some Russian infantry, +neither moving forward to protect the battery nor backward with the +fleeing crowd. A mounted general separated himself from the infantry and +approached Kutzov. Of Kutzovs suite only four remained. They were +all pale and exchanged looks in silence. + +Stop those wretches! gasped Kutzov to the regimental commander, +pointing to the flying soldiers but at that instant, as if to punish +him for those words, bullets flew hissing across the regiment and across +Kutzovs suite like a flock of little birds. + +The French had attacked the battery and, seeing Kutzov, were firing +at him. After this volley the regimental commander clutched at his leg +several soldiers fell, and a second lieutenant who was holding the +flag let it fall from his hands. It swayed and fell, but caught on the +muskets of the nearest soldiers. The soldiers started firing without +orders. + +Oh! Oh! Oh! groaned Kutzov despairingly and looked around.... +Bolknski! he whispered, his voice trembling from a consciousness +of the feebleness of age, Bolknski! he whispered, pointing to +the disordered battalion and at the enemy, whats that? + +But before he had finished speaking, Prince Andrew, feeling tears of +shame and anger choking him, had already leapt from his horse and run to +the standard. + +Forward, lads! he shouted in a voice piercing as a childs. + +Here it is! thought he, seizing the staff of the standard and +hearing with pleasure the whistle of bullets evidently aimed at him. +Several soldiers fell. + +Hurrah! shouted Prince Andrew, and, scarcely able to hold up +the heavy standard, he ran forward with full confidence that the whole +battalion would follow him. + +And really he only ran a few steps alone. One soldier moved and then +another and soon the whole battalion ran forward shouting Hurrah! +and overtook him. A sergeant of the battalion ran up and took the flag +that was swaying from its weight in Prince Andrews hands, but he +was immediately killed. Prince Andrew again seized the standard and, +dragging it by the staff, ran on with the battalion. In front he saw our +artillerymen, some of whom were fighting, while others, having abandoned +their guns, were running toward him. He also saw French infantry +soldiers who were seizing the artillery horses and turning the guns +round. Prince Andrew and the battalion were already within twenty paces +of the cannon. He heard the whistle of bullets above him unceasingly and +to right and left of him soldiers continually groaned and dropped. But +he did not look at them he looked only at what was going on in front +of himat the battery. He now saw clearly the figure of a red-haired +gunner with his shako knocked awry, pulling one end of a mop while +a French soldier tugged at the other. He could distinctly see the +distraught yet angry expression on the faces of these two men, who +evidently did not realize what they were doing. + +What are they about? thought Prince Andrew as he gazed at them. +Why doesnt the red-haired gunner run away as he is unarmed? +Why doesnt the Frenchman stab him? He will not get away before the +Frenchman remembers his bayonet and stabs him.... + +And really another French soldier, trailing his musket, ran up to +the struggling men, and the fate of the red-haired gunner, who had +triumphantly secured the mop and still did not realize what awaited him, +was about to be decided. But Prince Andrew did not see how it ended. It +seemed to him as though one of the soldiers near him hit him on the head +with the full swing of a bludgeon. It hurt a little, but the worst of +it was that the pain distracted him and prevented his seeing what he had +been looking at. + +Whats this? Am I falling? My legs are giving way, thought he, +and fell on his back. He opened his eyes, hoping to see how the struggle +of the Frenchmen with the gunners ended, whether the red-haired gunner +had been killed or not and whether the cannon had been captured or +saved. But he saw nothing. Above him there was now nothing but the +skythe lofty sky, not clear yet still immeasurably lofty, with gray +clouds gliding slowly across it. How quiet, peaceful, and solemn not +at all as I ran, thought Prince Andrewnot as we ran, shouting +and fighting, not at all as the gunner and the Frenchman with frightened +and angry faces struggled for the mop how differently do those clouds +glide across that lofty infinite sky! How was it I did not see that +lofty sky before? And how happy I am to have found it at last! Yes! All +is vanity, all falsehood, except that infinite sky. There is nothing, +nothing, but that. But even it does not exist, there is nothing but +quiet and peace. Thank God!... + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +On our right flank commanded by Bagratin, at nine oclock the battle +had not yet begun. Not wishing to agree to Dolgorkovs demand to +commence the action, and wishing to avert responsibility from himself, +Prince Bagratin proposed to Dolgorkov to send to inquire of the +commander in chief. Bagratin knew that as the distance between the two +flanks was more than six miles, even if the messenger were not killed +(which he very likely would be), and found the commander in chief +(which would be very difficult), he would not be able to get back before +evening. + +Bagratin cast his large, expressionless, sleepy eyes round his suite, +and the boyish face Rostv, breathless with excitement and hope, was +the first to catch his eye. He sent him. + +And if I should meet His Majesty before I meet the commander in +chief, your excellency? said Rostv, with his hand to his cap. + +You can give the message to His Majesty, said Dolgorkov, +hurriedly interrupting Bagratin. + +On being relieved from picket duty Rostv had managed to get a few +hours sleep before morning and felt cheerful, bold, and resolute, +with elasticity of movement, faith in his good fortune, and generally in +that state of mind which makes everything seem possible, pleasant, and +easy. + +All his wishes were being fulfilled that morning there was to be a +general engagement in which he was taking part, more than that, he was +orderly to the bravest general, and still more, he was going with a +message to Kutzov, perhaps even to the sovereign himself. The morning +was bright, he had a good horse under him, and his heart was full of +joy and happiness. On receiving the order he gave his horse the rein +and galloped along the line. At first he rode along the line of +Bagratins troops, which had not yet advanced into action but were +standing motionless then he came to the region occupied by Uvrovs +cavalry and here he noticed a stir and signs of preparation for battle +having passed Uvrovs cavalry he clearly heard the sound of cannon +and musketry ahead of him. The firing grew louder and louder. + +In the fresh morning air were now heard, not two or three musket shots +at irregular intervals as before, followed by one or two cannon shots, +but a roll of volleys of musketry from the slopes of the hill before +Pratzen, interrupted by such frequent reports of cannon that sometimes +several of them were not separated from one another but merged into a +general roar. + +He could see puffs of musketry smoke that seemed to chase one another +down the hillsides, and clouds of cannon smoke rolling, spreading, +and mingling with one another. He could also, by the gleam of bayonets +visible through the smoke, make out moving masses of infantry and narrow +lines of artillery with green caissons. + +Rostv stopped his horse for a moment on a hillock to see what was +going on, but strain his attention as he would he could not understand +or make out anything of what was happening there in the smoke men of +some sort were moving about, in front and behind moved lines of troops +but why, whither, and who they were, it was impossible to make out. +These sights and sounds had no depressing or intimidating effect on him +on the contrary, they stimulated his energy and determination. + +Go on! Go on! Give it them! he mentally exclaimed at these sounds, +and again proceeded to gallop along the line, penetrating farther and +farther into the region where the army was already in action. + +How it will be there I dont know, but all will be well! thought +Rostv. + +After passing some Austrian troops he noticed that the next part of the +line (the Guards) was already in action. + +So much the better! I shall see it close, he thought. + +He was riding almost along the front line. A handful of men came +galloping toward him. They were our Uhlans who with disordered +ranks were returning from the attack. Rostv got out of their way, +involuntarily noticed that one of them was bleeding, and galloped on. + +That is no business of mine, he thought. He had not ridden many +hundred yards after that before he saw to his left, across the whole +width of the field, an enormous mass of cavalry in brilliant white +uniforms, mounted on black horses, trotting straight toward him and +across his path. Rostv put his horse to full gallop to get out of the +way of these men, and he would have got clear had they continued at the +same speed, but they kept increasing their pace, so that some of the +horses were already galloping. Rostv heard the thud of their hoofs +and the jingle of their weapons and saw their horses, their figures, and +even their faces, more and more distinctly. They were our Horse Guards, +advancing to attack the French cavalry that was coming to meet them. + +The Horse Guards were galloping, but still holding in their horses. +Rostv could already see their faces and heard the command +Charge! shouted by an officer who was urging his thoroughbred to +full speed. Rostv, fearing to be crushed or swept into the attack on +the French, galloped along the front as hard as his horse could go, but +still was not in time to avoid them. + +The last of the Horse Guards, a huge pockmarked fellow, frowned angrily +on seeing Rostv before him, with whom he would inevitably collide. +This Guardsman would certainly have bowled Rostv and his Bedouin over +(Rostv felt himself quite tiny and weak compared to these gigantic men +and horses) had it not occurred to Rostv to flourish his whip before +the eyes of the Guardsmans horse. The heavy black horse, sixteen +hands high, shied, throwing back its ears but the pockmarked Guardsman +drove his huge spurs in violently, and the horse, flourishing its tail +and extending its neck, galloped on yet faster. Hardly had the Horse +Guards passed Rostv before he heard them shout, Hurrah! and +looking back saw that their foremost ranks were mixed up with some +foreign cavalry with red epaulets, probably French. He could see nothing +more, for immediately afterwards cannon began firing from somewhere and +smoke enveloped everything. + +At that moment, as the Horse Guards, having passed him, disappeared in +the smoke, Rostv hesitated whether to gallop after them or to go where +he was sent. This was the brilliant charge of the Horse Guards that +amazed the French themselves. Rostv was horrified to hear later that +of all that mass of huge and handsome men, of all those brilliant, +rich youths, officers and cadets, who had galloped past him on their +thousand-ruble horses, only eighteen were left after the charge. + +Why should I envy them? My chance is not lost, and maybe I shall see +the Emperor immediately! thought Rostv and galloped on. + +When he came level with the Foot Guards he noticed that about them and +around them cannon balls were flying, of which he was aware not so +much because he heard their sound as because he saw uneasiness on +the soldiers faces and unnatural warlike solemnity on those of the +officers. + +Passing behind one of the lines of a regiment of Foot Guards he heard a +voice calling him by name. + +Rostv! + +What? he answered, not recognizing Bors. + +I say, weve been in the front line! Our regiment attacked! said +Bors with the happy smile seen on the faces of young men who have been +under fire for the first time. + +Rostv stopped. + +Have you? he said. Well, how did it go? + +We drove them back! said Bors with animation, growing talkative. +Can you imagine it? and he began describing how the Guards, having +taken up their position and seeing troops before them, thought they were +Austrians, and all at once discovered from the cannon balls discharged +by those troops that they were themselves in the front line and had +unexpectedly to go into action. Rostv without hearing Bors to the +end spurred his horse. + +Where are you off to? asked Bors. + +With a message to His Majesty. + +There he is! said Bors, thinking Rostv had said His +Highness, and pointing to the Grand Duke who with his high shoulders +and frowning brows stood a hundred paces away from them in his helmet +and Horse Guards jacket, shouting something to a pale, white +uniformed Austrian officer. + +But thats the Grand Duke, and I want the commander in chief or the +Emperor, said Rostv, and was about to spur his horse. + +Count! Count! shouted Berg who ran up from the other side as eager +as Bors. Count! I am wounded in my right hand (and he showed his +bleeding hand with a handkerchief tied round it) and I remained at +the front. I held my sword in my left hand, Count. All our familythe +von Bergshave been knights! + +He said something more, but Rostv did not wait to hear it and rode +away. + +Having passed the Guards and traversed an empty space, Rostv, to avoid +again getting in front of the first line as he had done when the Horse +Guards charged, followed the line of reserves, going far round the place +where the hottest musket fire and cannonade were heard. Suddenly he +heard musket fire quite close in front of him and behind our troops, +where he could never have expected the enemy to be. + +What can it be? he thought. The enemy in the rear of our army? +Impossible! And suddenly he was seized by a panic of fear for himself +and for the issue of the whole battle. But be that what it may, +he reflected, there is no riding round it now. I must look for the +commander in chief here, and if all is lost it is for me to perish with +the rest. + +The foreboding of evil that had suddenly come over Rostv was more and +more confirmed the farther he rode into the region behind the village of +Pratzen, which was full of troops of all kinds. + +What does it mean? What is it? Whom are they firing at? Who is +firing? Rostv kept asking as he came up to Russian and Austrian +soldiers running in confused crowds across his path. + +The devil knows! Theyve killed everybody! Its all up now! +he was told in Russian, German, and Czech by the crowd of fugitives who +understood what was happening as little as he did. + +Kill the Germans! shouted one. + +May the devil take themthe traitors! + +Zum Henker diese Russen! * muttered a German. + + * Hang these Russians! + + +Several wounded men passed along the road, and words of abuse, screams, +and groans mingled in a general hubbub, then the firing died down. +Rostv learned later that Russian and Austrian soldiers had been firing +at one another. + +My God! What does it all mean? thought he. And here, where at +any moment the Emperor may see them.... But no, these must be only a +handful of scoundrels. It will soon be over, it cant be that, it +cant be! Only to get past them quicker, quicker! + +The idea of defeat and flight could not enter Rostvs head. Though +he saw French cannon and French troops on the Pratzen Heights just where +he had been ordered to look for the commander in chief, he could not, +did not wish to, believe that. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Rostv had been ordered to look for Kutzov and the Emperor near the +village of Pratzen. But neither they nor a single commanding officer +were there, only disorganized crowds of troops of various kinds. He +urged on his already weary horse to get quickly past these crowds, but +the farther he went the more disorganized they were. The highroad on +which he had come out was thronged with calches, carriages of all +sorts, and Russian and Austrian soldiers of all arms, some wounded and +some not. This whole mass droned and jostled in confusion under the +dismal influence of cannon balls flying from the French batteries +stationed on the Pratzen Heights. + +Where is the Emperor? Where is Kutzov? Rostv kept asking +everyone he could stop, but got no answer from anyone. + +At last seizing a soldier by his collar he forced him to answer. + +Eh, brother! Theyve all bolted long ago! said the soldier, +laughing for some reason and shaking himself free. + +Having left that soldier who was evidently drunk, Rostv stopped the +horse of a batman or groom of some important personage and began to +question him. The man announced that the Tsar had been driven in a +carriage at full speed about an hour before along that very road and +that he was dangerously wounded. + +It cant be! said Rostv. It must have been someone else. + +I saw him myself, replied the man with a self-confident smile of +derision. I ought to know the Emperor by now, after the times Ive +seen him in Petersburg. I saw him just as I see you.... There he sat in +the carriage as pale as anything. How they made the four black horses +fly! Gracious me, they did rattle past! Its time I knew the Imperial +horses and Ily Ivnych. I dont think Ily drives anyone except +the Tsar! + +Rostv let go of the horse and was about to ride on, when a wounded +officer passing by addressed him + +Who is it you want? he asked. The commander in chief? He was +killed by a cannon ballstruck in the breast before our regiment. + +Not killedwounded! another officer corrected him. + +Who? Kutzov? asked Rostv. + +Not Kutzov, but whats his namewell, never mind... there are +not many left alive. Go that way, to that village, all the commanders +are there, said the officer, pointing to the village of Hosjeradek, +and he walked on. + +Rostv rode on at a footpace not knowing why or to whom he was now +going. The Emperor was wounded, the battle lost. It was impossible to +doubt it now. Rostv rode in the direction pointed out to him, in which +he saw turrets and a church. What need to hurry? What was he now to say +to the Tsar or to Kutzov, even if they were alive and unwounded? + +Take this road, your honor, that way you will be killed at once! a +soldier shouted to him. Theyd kill you there! + +Oh, what are you talking about? said another. Where is he to +go? That way is nearer. + +Rostv considered, and then went in the direction where they said he +would be killed. + +Its all the same now. If the Emperor is wounded, am I to try to +save myself? he thought. He rode on to the region where the greatest +number of men had perished in fleeing from Pratzen. The French had not +yet occupied that region, and the Russiansthe uninjured and slightly +woundedhad left it long ago. All about the field, like heaps of +manure on well-kept plowland, lay from ten to fifteen dead and wounded +to each couple of acres. The wounded crept together in twos and threes +and one could hear their distressing screams and groans, sometimes +feignedor so it seemed to Rostv. He put his horse to a trot to +avoid seeing all these suffering men, and he felt afraidafraid not +for his life, but for the courage he needed and which he knew would not +stand the sight of these unfortunates. + +The French, who had ceased firing at this field strewn with dead and +wounded where there was no one left to fire at, on seeing an adjutant +riding over it trained a gun on him and fired several shots. The +sensation of those terrible whistling sounds and of the corpses around +him merged in Rostvs mind into a single feeling of terror and pity +for himself. He remembered his mothers last letter. What would she +feel, thought he, if she saw me here now on this field with the +cannon aimed at me? + +In the village of Hosjeradek there were Russian troops retiring from +the field of battle, who though still in some confusion were less +disordered. The French cannon did not reach there and the musketry fire +sounded far away. Here everyone clearly saw and said that the battle +was lost. No one whom Rostv asked could tell him where the Emperor +or Kutzov was. Some said the report that the Emperor was wounded was +correct, others that it was not, and explained the false rumor that had +spread by the fact that the Emperors carriage had really galloped +from the field of battle with the pale and terrified Ober-Hofmarschal +Count Tolsty, who had ridden out to the battlefield with others in +the Emperors suite. One officer told Rostv that he had seen someone +from headquarters behind the village to the left, and thither Rostv +rode, not hoping to find anyone but merely to ease his conscience. When +he had ridden about two miles and had passed the last of the Russian +troops, he saw, near a kitchen garden with a ditch round it, two men +on horseback facing the ditch. One with a white plume in his hat seemed +familiar to Rostv the other on a beautiful chestnut horse (which +Rostv fancied he had seen before) rode up to the ditch, struck his +horse with his spurs, and giving it the rein leaped lightly over. Only +a little earth crumbled from the bank under the horses hind hoofs. +Turning the horse sharply, he again jumped the ditch, and deferentially +addressed the horseman with the white plumes, evidently suggesting +that he should do the same. The rider, whose figure seemed familiar +to Rostv and involuntarily riveted his attention, made a gesture of +refusal with his head and hand and by that gesture Rostv instantly +recognized his lamented and adored monarch. + +But it cant be he, alone in the midst of this empty field! +thought Rostv. At that moment Alexander turned his head and Rostv +saw the beloved features that were so deeply engraved on his memory. The +Emperor was pale, his cheeks sunken and his eyes hollow, but the charm, +the mildness of his features, was all the greater. Rostv was happy +in the assurance that the rumors about the Emperor being wounded were +false. He was happy to be seeing him. He knew that he might and even +ought to go straight to him and give the message Dolgorkov had ordered +him to deliver. + +But as a youth in love trembles, is unnerved, and dares not utter the +thoughts he has dreamed of for nights, but looks around for help or a +chance of delay and flight when the longed-for moment comes and he is +alone with her, so Rostv, now that he had attained what he had longed +for more than anything else in the world, did not know how to approach +the Emperor, and a thousand reasons occurred to him why it would be +inconvenient, unseemly, and impossible to do so. + +What! It is as if I were glad of a chance to take advantage of +his being alone and despondent! A strange face may seem unpleasant or +painful to him at this moment of sorrow besides, what can I say to him +now, when my heart fails me and my mouth feels dry at the mere sight +of him? Not one of the innumerable speeches addressed to the Emperor +that he had composed in his imagination could he now recall. Those +speeches were intended for quite other conditions, they were for the +most part to be spoken at a moment of victory and triumph, generally +when he was dying of wounds and the sovereign had thanked him for heroic +deeds, and while dying he expressed the love his actions had proved. + +Besides how can I ask the Emperor for his instructions for the right +flank now that it is nearly four oclock and the battle is lost? +No, certainly I must not approach him, I must not intrude on his +reflections. Better die a thousand times than risk receiving an unkind +look or bad opinion from him, Rostv decided and sorrowfully and +with a heart full despair he rode away, continually looking back at the +Tsar, who still remained in the same attitude of indecision. + +While Rostv was thus arguing with himself and riding sadly away, +Captain von Toll chanced to ride to the same spot, and seeing the +Emperor at once rode up to him, offered his services, and assisted him +to cross the ditch on foot. The Emperor, wishing to rest and feeling +unwell, sat down under an apple tree and von Toll remained beside him. +Rostv from a distance saw with envy and remorse how von Toll spoke +long and warmly to the Emperor and how the Emperor, evidently weeping, +covered his eyes with his hand and pressed von Tolls hand. + +And I might have been in his place! thought Rostv, and hardly +restraining his tears of pity for the Emperor, he rode on in utter +despair, not knowing where to or why he was now riding. + +His despair was all the greater from feeling that his own weakness was +the cause of his grief. + +He might... not only might but should, have gone up to the sovereign. It +was a unique chance to show his devotion to the Emperor and he had not +made use of it.... What have I done? thought he. And he turned +round and galloped back to the place where he had seen the Emperor, but +there was no one beyond the ditch now. Only some carts and carriages +were passing by. From one of the drivers he learned that Kutzovs +staff were not far off, in the village the vehicles were going to. +Rostv followed them. In front of him walked Kutzovs groom leading +horses in horsecloths. Then came a cart, and behind that walked an old, +bandy-legged domestic serf in a peaked cap and sheepskin coat. + +Tit! I say, Tit! said the groom. + +What? answered the old man absent-mindedly. + +Go, Tit! Thresh a bit! + +Oh, you fool! said the old man, spitting angrily. Some time passed +in silence, and then the same joke was repeated. + + +Before five in the evening the battle had been lost at all points. More +than a hundred cannon were already in the hands of the French. + +Przebyszwski and his corps had laid down their arms. Other columns +after losing half their men were retreating in disorderly confused +masses. + +The remains of Langerons and Dokhtrovs mingled forces were +crowding around the dams and banks of the ponds near the village of +Augesd. + +After five oclock it was only at the Augesd Dam that a hot cannonade +(delivered by the French alone) was still to be heard from numerous +batteries ranged on the slopes of the Pratzen Heights, directed at our +retreating forces. + +In the rearguard, Dokhtrov and others rallying some battalions kept up +a musketry fire at the French cavalry that was pursuing our troops. It +was growing dusk. On the narrow Augesd Dam where for so many years the +old miller had been accustomed to sit in his tasseled cap peacefully +angling, while his grandson, with shirt sleeves rolled up, handled the +floundering silvery fish in the watering can, on that dam over which for +so many years Moravians in shaggy caps and blue jackets had peacefully +driven their two-horse carts loaded with wheat and had returned dusty +with flour whitening their cartson that narrow dam amid the wagons +and the cannon, under the horses hoofs and between the wagon wheels, +men disfigured by fear of death now crowded together, crushing one +another, dying, stepping over the dying and killing one another, only to +move on a few steps and be killed themselves in the same way. + +Every ten seconds a cannon ball flew compressing the air around, or +a shell burst in the midst of that dense throng, killing some and +splashing with blood those near them. + +Dlokhovnow an officerwounded in the arm, and on foot, with +the regimental commander on horseback and some ten men of his company, +represented all that was left of that whole regiment. Impelled by the +crowd, they had got wedged in at the approach to the dam and, jammed in +on all sides, had stopped because a horse in front had fallen under a +cannon and the crowd were dragging it out. A cannon ball killed someone +behind them, another fell in front and splashed Dlokhov with blood. +The crowd, pushing forward desperately, squeezed together, moved a few +steps, and again stopped. + +Move on a hundred yards and we are certainly saved, remain here +another two minutes and it is certain death, thought each one. + +Dlokhov who was in the midst of the crowd forced his way to the edge +of the dam, throwing two soldiers off their feet, and ran onto the +slippery ice that covered the millpool. + +Turn this way! he shouted, jumping over the ice which creaked +under him turn this way! he shouted to those with the gun. It +bears!... + +The ice bore him but it swayed and creaked, and it was plain that it +would give way not only under a cannon or a crowd, but very soon even +under his weight alone. The men looked at him and pressed to the +bank, hesitating to step onto the ice. The general on horseback at the +entrance to the dam raised his hand and opened his mouth to address +Dlokhov. Suddenly a cannon ball hissed so low above the crowd that +everyone ducked. It flopped into something moist, and the general fell +from his horse in a pool of blood. Nobody gave him a look or thought of +raising him. + +Get onto the ice, over the ice! Go on! Turn! Dont you hear? Go +on! innumerable voices suddenly shouted after the ball had struck +the general, the men themselves not knowing what, or why, they were +shouting. + +One of the hindmost guns that was going onto the dam turned off onto the +ice. Crowds of soldiers from the dam began running onto the frozen pond. +The ice gave way under one of the foremost soldiers, and one leg slipped +into the water. He tried to right himself but fell in up to his waist. +The nearest soldiers shrank back, the gun driver stopped his horse, but +from behind still came the shouts Onto the ice, why do you stop? Go +on! Go on! And cries of horror were heard in the crowd. The soldiers +near the gun waved their arms and beat the horses to make them turn and +move on. The horses moved off the bank. The ice, that had held under +those on foot, collapsed in a great mass, and some forty men who were on +it dashed, some forward and some back, drowning one another. + +Still the cannon balls continued regularly to whistle and flop onto the +ice and into the water and oftenest of all among the crowd that covered +the dam, the pond, and the bank. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +On the Pratzen Heights, where he had fallen with the flagstaff in his +hand, lay Prince Andrew Bolknski bleeding profusely and unconsciously +uttering a gentle, piteous, and childlike moan. + +Toward evening he ceased moaning and became quite still. He did not know +how long his unconsciousness lasted. Suddenly he again felt that he was +alive and suffering from a burning, lacerating pain in his head. + +Where is it, that lofty sky that I did not know till now, but saw +today? was his first thought. And I did not know this suffering +either, he thought. Yes, I did not know anything, anything at all +till now. But where am I? + +He listened and heard the sound of approaching horses, and voices +speaking French. He opened his eyes. Above him again was the same lofty +sky with clouds that had risen and were floating still higher, and +between them gleamed blue infinity. He did not turn his head and did not +see those who, judging by the sound of hoofs and voices, had ridden up +and stopped near him. + +It was Napoleon accompanied by two aides-de-camp. Bonaparte riding +over the battlefield had given final orders to strengthen the batteries +firing at the Augesd Dam and was looking at the killed and wounded left +on the field. + +Fine men! remarked Napoleon, looking at a dead Russian grenadier, +who, with his face buried in the ground and a blackened nape, lay on his +stomach with an already stiffened arm flung wide. + +The ammunition for the guns in position is exhausted, Your +Majesty, said an adjutant who had come from the batteries that were +firing at Augesd. + +Have some brought from the reserve, said Napoleon, and having gone +on a few steps he stopped before Prince Andrew, who lay on his back with +the flagstaff that had been dropped beside him. (The flag had already +been taken by the French as a trophy.) + +Thats a fine death! said Napoleon as he gazed at Bolknski. + +Prince Andrew understood that this was said of him and that it was +Napoleon who said it. He heard the speaker addressed as Sire. But he +heard the words as he might have heard the buzzing of a fly. Not only +did they not interest him, but he took no notice of them and at once +forgot them. His head was burning, he felt himself bleeding to death, +and he saw above him the remote, lofty, and everlasting sky. He knew it +was Napoleonhis herobut at that moment Napoleon seemed to him +such a small, insignificant creature compared with what was passing now +between himself and that lofty infinite sky with the clouds flying over +it. At that moment it meant nothing to him who might be standing over +him, or what was said of him he was only glad that people were standing +near him and only wished that they would help him and bring him back to +life, which seemed to him so beautiful now that he had today learned to +understand it so differently. He collected all his strength, to stir and +utter a sound. He feebly moved his leg and uttered a weak, sickly groan +which aroused his own pity. + +Ah! He is alive, said Napoleon. Lift this young man up and +carry him to the dressing station. + +Having said this, Napoleon rode on to meet Marshal Lannes, who, hat in +hand, rode up smiling to the Emperor to congratulate him on the victory. + +Prince Andrew remembered nothing more he lost consciousness from the +terrible pain of being lifted onto the stretcher, the jolting while +being moved, and the probing of his wound at the dressing station. +He did not regain consciousness till late in the day, when with other +wounded and captured Russian officers he was carried to the hospital. +During this transfer he felt a little stronger and was able to look +about him and even speak. + +The first words he heard on coming to his senses were those of a French +convoy officer, who said rapidly We must halt here the Emperor +will pass here immediately it will please him to see these gentlemen +prisoners. + +There are so many prisoners today, nearly the whole Russian army, +that he is probably tired of them, said another officer. + +All the same! They say this one is the commander of all the Emperor +Alexanders Guards, said the first one, indicating a Russian +officer in the white uniform of the Horse Guards. + +Bolknski recognized Prince Repnn whom he had met in Petersburg +society. Beside him stood a lad of nineteen, also a wounded officer of +the Horse Guards. + +Bonaparte, having come up at a gallop, stopped his horse. + +Which is the senior? he asked, on seeing the prisoners. + +They named the colonel, Prince Repnn. + +You are the commander of the Emperor Alexanders regiment of Horse +Guards? asked Napoleon. + +I commanded a squadron, replied Repnn. + +Your regiment fulfilled its duty honorably, said Napoleon. + +The praise of a great commander is a soldiers highest reward, +said Repnn. + +I bestow it with pleasure, said Napoleon. And who is that young +man beside you? + +Prince Repnn named Lieutenant Sukhtlen. + +After looking at him Napoleon smiled. + +Hes very young to come to meddle with us. + +Youth is no hindrance to courage, muttered Sukhtlen in a failing +voice. + +A splendid reply! said Napoleon. Young man, you will go far! + +Prince Andrew, who had also been brought forward before the Emperors +eyes to complete the show of prisoners, could not fail to attract his +attention. Napoleon apparently remembered seeing him on the battlefield +and, addressing him, again used the epithet young man that was +connected in his memory with Prince Andrew. + +Well, and you, young man, said he. How do you feel, mon +brave? + +Though five minutes before, Prince Andrew had been able to say a few +words to the soldiers who were carrying him, now with his eyes fixed +straight on Napoleon, he was silent.... So insignificant at that moment +seemed to him all the interests that engrossed Napoleon, so mean did his +hero himself with his paltry vanity and joy in victory appear, +compared to the lofty, equitable, and kindly sky which he had seen and +understood, that he could not answer him. + +Everything seemed so futile and insignificant in comparison with the +stern and solemn train of thought that weakness from loss of blood, +suffering, and the nearness of death aroused in him. Looking into +Napoleons eyes Prince Andrew thought of the insignificance of +greatness, the unimportance of life which no one could understand, and +the still greater unimportance of death, the meaning of which no one +alive could understand or explain. + +The Emperor without waiting for an answer turned away and said to one of +the officers as he went Have these gentlemen attended to and taken +to my bivouac let my doctor, Larrey, examine their wounds. Au revoir, +Prince Repnn! and he spurred his horse and galloped away. + +His face shone with self-satisfaction and pleasure. + +The soldiers who had carried Prince Andrew had noticed and taken the +little gold icon Princess Mary had hung round her brothers neck, but +seeing the favor the Emperor showed the prisoners, they now hastened to +return the holy image. + +Prince Andrew did not see how and by whom it was replaced, but the +little icon with its thin gold chain suddenly appeared upon his chest +outside his uniform. + +It would be good, thought Prince Andrew, glancing at the icon his +sister had hung round his neck with such emotion and reverence, it +would be good if everything were as clear and simple as it seems to +Mary. How good it would be to know where to seek for help in this life, +and what to expect after it beyond the grave! How happy and calm I +should be if I could now say Lord, have mercy on me!... But to +whom should I say that? Either to a Power indefinable, incomprehensible, +which I not only cannot address but which I cannot even express in +wordsthe Great All or Nothing- said he to himself, or to +that God who has been sewn into this amulet by Mary! There is nothing +certain, nothing at all except the unimportance of everything I +understand, and the greatness of something incomprehensible but +all-important. + +The stretchers moved on. At every jolt he again felt unendurable pain +his feverishness increased and he grew delirious. Visions of his father, +wife, sister, and future son, and the tenderness he had felt the night +before the battle, the figure of the insignificant little Napoleon, and +above all this the lofty sky, formed the chief subjects of his delirious +fancies. + +The quiet home life and peaceful happiness of Bald Hills presented +itself to him. He was already enjoying that happiness when that +little Napoleon had suddenly appeared with his unsympathizing look of +shortsighted delight at the misery of others, and doubts and torments +had followed, and only the heavens promised peace. Toward morning +all these dreams melted and merged into the chaos and darkness of +unconciousness and oblivion which in the opinion of Napoleons doctor, +Larrey, was much more likely to end in death than in convalescence. + +He is a nervous, bilious subject, said Larrey, and will not +recover. + +And Prince Andrew, with others fatally wounded, was left to the care of +the inhabitants of the district. + + + + + +BOOK FOUR 1806 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Early in the year 1806 Nicholas Rostv returned home on leave. Densov +was going home to Vornezh and Rostv persuaded him to travel with him +as far as Moscow and to stay with him there. Meeting a comrade at +the last post station but one before Moscow, Densov had drunk three +bottles of wine with him and, despite the jolting ruts across the +snow-covered road, did not once wake up on the way to Moscow, but lay +at the bottom of the sleigh beside Rostv, who grew more and more +impatient the nearer they got to Moscow. + +How much longer? How much longer? Oh, these insufferable streets, +shops, bakers signboards, street lamps, and sleighs! thought +Rostv, when their leave permits had been passed at the town gate and +they had entered Moscow. + +Densov! Were here! Hes asleep, he added, leaning forward +with his whole body as if in that position he hoped to hasten the speed +of the sleigh. + +Densov gave no answer. + +Theres the corner at the crossroads, where the cabman, Zakhr, +has his stand, and theres Zakhr himself and still the same horse! +And heres the little shop where we used to buy gingerbread! Cant +you hurry up? Now then! + +Which house is it? asked the driver. + +Why, that one, right at the end, the big one. Dont you see? +Thats our house, said Rostv. Of course, its our house! +Densov, Densov! Were almost there! + +Densov raised his head, coughed, and made no answer. + +Dmtri, said Rostv to his valet on the box, those lights are +in our house, arent they? + +Yes, sir, and theres a light in your fathers study. + +Then theyve not gone to bed yet? What do you think? Mind now, +dont forget to put out my new coat, added Rostv, fingering his +new mustache. Now then, get on, he shouted to the driver. Do +wake up, Vska! he went on, turning to Densov, whose head +was again nodding. Come, get on! You shall have three rubles for +vodkaget on! Rostv shouted, when the sleigh was only three +houses from his door. It seemed to him the horses were not moving at +all. At last the sleigh bore to the right, drew up at an entrance, and +Rostv saw overhead the old familiar cornice with a bit of plaster +broken off, the porch, and the post by the side of the pavement. He +sprang out before the sleigh stopped, and ran into the hall. The house +stood cold and silent, as if quite regardless of who had come to it. +There was no one in the hall. Oh God! Is everyone all right? +he thought, stopping for a moment with a sinking heart, and then +immediately starting to run along the hall and up the warped steps of +the familiar staircase. The well-known old door handle, which always +angered the countess when it was not properly cleaned, turned as loosely +as ever. A solitary tallow candle burned in the anteroom. + +Old Michael was asleep on the chest. Prokfy, the footman, who was +so strong that he could lift the back of the carriage from behind, sat +plaiting slippers out of cloth selvedges. He looked up at the opening +door and his expression of sleepy indifference suddenly changed to one +of delighted amazement. + +Gracious heavens! The young count! he cried, recognizing his +young master. Can it be? My treasure! and Prokfy, trembling with +excitement, rushed toward the drawing room door, probably in order to +announce him, but, changing his mind, came back and stooped to kiss the +young mans shoulder. + +All well? asked Rostv, drawing away his arm. + +Yes, God be thanked! Yes! Theyve just finished supper. Let me have +a look at you, your excellency. + +Is everything quite all right? + +The Lord be thanked, yes! + +Rostv, who had completely forgotten Densov, not wishing anyone to +forestall him, threw off his fur coat and ran on tiptoe through the +large dark ballroom. All was the same there were the same old card +tables and the same chandelier with a cover over it but someone had +already seen the young master, and, before he had reached the drawing +room, something flew out from a side door like a tornado and began +hugging and kissing him. Another and yet another creature of the same +kind sprang from a second door and a third more hugging, more kissing, +more outcries, and tears of joy. He could not distinguish which was +Papa, which Natsha, and which Ptya. Everyone shouted, talked, and +kissed him at the same time. Only his mother was not there, he noticed +that. + +And I did not know... Nicholas... My darling!... + +Here he is... our own... Klya, * dear fellow... How he has +changed!... Where are the candles?... Tea!... + + * Nicholas. + +And me, kiss me! + +Dearest... and me! + +Snya, Natsha, Ptya, Anna Mikhylovna, Vra, and the old count +were all hugging him, and the serfs, men and maids, flocked into the +room, exclaiming and oh-ing and ah-ing. + +Ptya, clinging to his legs, kept shouting, And me too! + +Natsha, after she had pulled him down toward her and covered his face +with kisses, holding him tight by the skirt of his coat, sprang away and +pranced up and down in one place like a goat and shrieked piercingly. + +All around were loving eyes glistening with tears of joy, and all around +were lips seeking a kiss. + +Snya too, all rosy red, clung to his arm and, radiant with bliss, +looked eagerly toward his eyes, waiting for the look for which she +longed. Snya now was sixteen and she was very pretty, especially at +this moment of happy, rapturous excitement. She gazed at him, not taking +her eyes off him, and smiling and holding her breath. He gave her a +grateful look, but was still expectant and looking for someone. The old +countess had not yet come. But now steps were heard at the door, steps +so rapid that they could hardly be his mothers. + +Yet it was she, dressed in a new gown which he did not know, made since +he had left. All the others let him go, and he ran to her. When they +met, she fell on his breast, sobbing. She could not lift her face, but +only pressed it to the cold braiding of his hussars jacket. Densov, +who had come into the room unnoticed by anyone, stood there and wiped +his eyes at the sight. + +Vasli Densov, your sons friend, he said, introducing +himself to the count, who was looking inquiringly at him. + +You are most welcome! I know, I know, said the count, kissing and +embracing Densov. Nicholas wrote us... Natsha, Vra, look! Here +is Densov! + +The same happy, rapturous faces turned to the shaggy figure of Densov. + +Darling Densov! screamed Natsha, beside herself with rapture, +springing to him, putting her arms round him, and kissing him. This +escapade made everybody feel confused. Densov blushed too, but smiled +and, taking Natshas hand, kissed it. + +Densov was shown to the room prepared for him, and the Rostvs all +gathered round Nicholas in the sitting room. + +The old countess, not letting go of his hand and kissing it every +moment, sat beside him the rest, crowding round him, watched every +movement, word, or look of his, never taking their blissfully adoring +eyes off him. His brother and sisters struggled for the places nearest +to him and disputed with one another who should bring him his tea, +handkerchief, and pipe. + +Rostv was very happy in the love they showed him but the first +moment of meeting had been so beatific that his present joy seemed +insufficient, and he kept expecting something more, more and yet more. + +Next morning, after the fatigues of their journey, the travelers slept +till ten oclock. + +In the room next their bedroom there was a confusion of sabers, +satchels, sabretaches, open portmanteaus, and dirty boots. Two freshly +cleaned pairs with spurs had just been placed by the wall. The servants +were bringing in jugs and basins, hot water for shaving, and their +well-brushed clothes. There was a masculine odor and a smell of tobacco. + +Hallo, Gwskamy pipe! came Vasli Densovs husky voice. +Wostv, get up! + +Rostv, rubbing his eyes that seemed glued together, raised his +disheveled head from the hot pillow. + +Why, is it late? + +Late! Its nearly ten oclock, answered Natshas voice. +A rustle of starched petticoats and the whispering and laughter of +girls voices came from the adjoining room. The door was opened a +crack and there was a glimpse of something blue, of ribbons, black hair, +and merry faces. It was Natsha, Snya, and Ptya, who had come to +see whether they were getting up. + +Nicholas! Get up! Natshas voice was again heard at the door. + +Directly! + +Meanwhile, Ptya, having found and seized the sabers in the outer room, +with the delight boys feel at the sight of a military elder brother, and +forgetting that it was unbecoming for the girls to see men undressed, +opened the bedroom door. + +Is this your saber? he shouted. + +The girls sprang aside. Densov hid his hairy legs under the blanket, +looking with a scared face at his comrade for help. The door, having let +Ptya in, closed again. A sound of laughter came from behind it. + +Nicholas! Come out in your dressing gown! said Natshas voice. + +Is this your saber? asked Ptya. Or is it yours? he said, +addressing the black-mustached Densov with servile deference. + +Rostv hurriedly put something on his feet, drew on his dressing gown, +and went out. Natsha had put on one spurred boot and was just getting +her foot into the other. Snya, when he came in, was twirling round and +was about to expand her dresses into a balloon and sit down. They were +dressed alike, in new pale-blue frocks, and were both fresh, rosy, and +bright. Snya ran away, but Natsha, taking her brothers arm, led +him into the sitting room, where they began talking. They hardly gave +one another time to ask questions and give replies concerning a thousand +little matters which could not interest anyone but themselves. Natsha +laughed at every word he said or that she said herself, not because what +they were saying was amusing, but because she felt happy and was unable +to control her joy which expressed itself by laughter. + +Oh, how nice, how splendid! she said to everything. + +Rostv felt that, under the influence of the warm rays of love, that +childlike smile which had not once appeared on his face since he left +home now for the first time after eighteen months again brightened his +soul and his face. + +No, but listen, she said, now you are quite a man, arent +you? Im awfully glad youre my brother. She touched his +mustache. I want to know what you men are like. Are you the same as +we? No? + +Why did Snya run away? asked Rostv. + +Ah, yes! Thats a whole long story! How are you going to speak to +herthou or you? + +As may happen, said Rostv. + +No, call her you, please! Ill tell you all about it some other +time. No, Ill tell you now. You know Snyas my dearest friend. +Such a friend that I burned my arm for her sake. Look here! + +She pulled up her muslin sleeve and showed him a red scar on her long, +slender, delicate arm, high above the elbow on that part that is covered +even by a ball dress. + +I burned this to prove my love for her. I just heated a ruler in the +fire and pressed it there! + +Sitting on the sofa with the little cushions on its arms, in what used +to be his old schoolroom, and looking into Natshas wildly bright +eyes, Rostv re-entered that world of home and childhood which had no +meaning for anyone else, but gave him some of the best joys of his life +and the burning of an arm with a ruler as a proof of love did not seem +to him senseless, he understood and was not surprised at it. + +Well, and is that all? he asked. + +We are such friends, such friends! All that ruler business was just +nonsense, but we are friends forever. She, if she loves anyone, does it +for life, but I dont understand that, I forget quickly. + +Well, what then? + +Well, she loves me and you like that. + +Natsha suddenly flushed. + +Why, you remember before you went away?... Well, she says you are to +forget all that.... She says I shall love him always, but let him be +free. Isnt that lovely and noble! Yes, very noble? Isnt it? +asked Natsha, so seriously and excitedly that it was evident that what +she was now saying she had talked of before, with tears. + +Rostv became thoughtful. + +I never go back on my word, he said. Besides, Snya is so +charming that only a fool would renounce such happiness. + +No, no! cried Natsha, she and I have already talked it over. +We knew youd say so. But it wont do, because you see, if you say +thatif you consider yourself bound by your promiseit will seem as +if she had not meant it seriously. It makes it as if you were marrying +her because you must, and that wouldnt do at all. + +Rostv saw that it had been well considered by them. Snya had already +struck him by her beauty on the preceding day. Today, when he had caught +a glimpse of her, she seemed still more lovely. She was a charming girl +of sixteen, evidently passionately in love with him (he did not doubt +that for an instant). Why should he not love her now, and even marry +her, Rostv thought, but just now there were so many other pleasures +and interests before him! Yes, they have taken a wise decision, he +thought, I must remain free. + +Well then, thats excellent, said he. Well talk it over +later on. Oh, how glad I am to have you! + +Well, and are you still true to Bors? he continued. + +Oh, what nonsense! cried Natsha, laughing. I dont think +about him or anyone else, and I dont want anything of the kind. + +Dear me! Then what are you up to now? + +Now? repeated Natsha, and a happy smile lit up her face. Have +you seen Duport? + +No. + +Not seen Duportthe famous dancer? Well then, you wont +understand. Thats what Im up to. + +Curving her arms, Natsha held out her skirts as dancers do, ran back +a few steps, turned, cut a caper, brought her little feet sharply +together, and made some steps on the very tips of her toes. + +See, Im standing! See! she said, but could not maintain herself +on her toes any longer. So thats what Im up to! Ill never +marry anyone, but will be a dancer. Only dont tell anyone. + +Rostv laughed so loud and merrily that Densov, in his bedroom, felt +envious and Natsha could not help joining in. + +No, but dont you think its nice? she kept repeating. + +Nice! And so you no longer wish to marry Bors? + +Natsha flared up. I dont want to marry anyone. And Ill tell +him so when I see him! + +Dear me! said Rostv. + +But thats all rubbish, Natsha chattered on. And is +Densov nice? she asked. + +Yes, indeed! + +Oh, well then, good-by go and dress. Is he very terrible, +Densov? + +Why terrible? asked Nicholas. No, Vska is a splendid +fellow. + +You call him Vska? Thats funny! And is he very nice? + +Very. + +Well then, be quick. Well all have breakfast together. + +And Natsha rose and went out of the room on tiptoe, like a ballet +dancer, but smiling as only happy girls of fifteen can smile. When +Rostv met Snya in the drawing room, he reddened. He did not know +how to behave with her. The evening before, in the first happy moment of +meeting, they had kissed each other, but today they felt it could not +be done he felt that everybody, including his mother and sisters, was +looking inquiringly at him and watching to see how he would behave +with her. He kissed her hand and addressed her not as thou but as +youSnya. But their eyes met and said thou, and exchanged tender +kisses. Her looks asked him to forgive her for having dared, by +Natshas intermediacy, to remind him of his promise, and then +thanked him for his love. His looks thanked her for offering him his +freedom and told her that one way or another he would never cease to +love her, for that would be impossible. + +How strange it is, said Vra, selecting a moment when all were +silent, that Snya and Nicholas now say you to one another and meet +like strangers. + +Vras remark was correct, as her remarks always were, but, like +most of her observations, it made everyone feel uncomfortable, not +only Snya, Nicholas, and Natsha, but even the old countess, +whodreading this love affair which might hinder Nicholas from making +a brilliant matchblushed like a girl. + +Densov, to Rostvs surprise, appeared in the drawing room with +pomaded hair, perfumed, and in a new uniform, looking just as smart as +he made himself when going into battle, and he was more amiable to the +ladies and gentlemen than Rostv had ever expected to see him. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +On his return to Moscow from the army, Nicholas Rostv was welcomed +by his home circle as the best of sons, a hero, and their darling +Niklenka by his relations as a charming, attractive, and polite young +man by his acquaintances as a handsome lieutenant of hussars, a good +dancer, and one of the best matches in the city. + +The Rostvs knew everybody in Moscow. The old count had money enough +that year, as all his estates had been remortgaged, and so Nicholas, +acquiring a trotter of his own, very stylish riding breeches of the +latest cut, such as no one else yet had in Moscow, and boots of the +latest fashion, with extremely pointed toes and small silver spurs, +passed his time very gaily. After a short period of adapting himself +to the old conditions of life, Nicholas found it very pleasant to be +at home again. He felt that he had grown up and matured very much. His +despair at failing in a Scripture examination, his borrowing money from +Gavrl to pay a sleigh driver, his kissing Snya on the slyhe now +recalled all this as childishness he had left immeasurably behind. +Now he was a lieutenant of hussars, in a jacket laced with silver, and +wearing the Cross of St. George, awarded to soldiers for bravery in +action, and in the company of well-known, elderly, and respected racing +men was training a trotter of his own for a race. He knew a lady on one +of the boulevards whom he visited of an evening. He led the mazurka +at the Arkhrovs ball, talked about the war with Field Marshal +Kmenski, visited the English Club, and was on intimate terms with a +colonel of forty to whom Densov had introduced him. + +His passion for the Emperor had cooled somewhat in Moscow. But still, as +he did not see him and had no opportunity of seeing him, he often spoke +about him and about his love for him, letting it be understood that he +had not told all and that there was something in his feelings for the +Emperor not everyone could understand, and with his whole soul he shared +the adoration then common in Moscow for the Emperor, who was spoken of +as the angel incarnate. + +During Rostvs short stay in Moscow, before rejoining the army, he +did not draw closer to Snya, but rather drifted away from her. She was +very pretty and sweet, and evidently deeply in love with him, but he was +at the period of youth when there seems so much to do that there is no +time for that sort of thing and a young man fears to bind himself and +prizes his freedom which he needs for so many other things. When he +thought of Snya, during this stay in Moscow, he said to himself, +Ah, there will be, and there are, many more such girls somewhere whom +I do not yet know. There will be time enough to think about love when I +want to, but now I have no time. Besides, it seemed to him that the +society of women was rather derogatory to his manhood. He went to balls +and into ladies society with an affectation of doing so against his +will. The races, the English Club, sprees with Densov, and visits to +a certain housethat was another matter and quite the thing for a +dashing young hussar! + +At the beginning of March, old Count Ily Rostv was very busy +arranging a dinner in honor of Prince Bagratin at the English Club. + +The count walked up and down the hall in his dressing gown, giving +orders to the club steward and to the famous Feoktst, the clubs +head cook, about asparagus, fresh cucumbers, strawberries, veal, and +fish for this dinner. The count had been a member and on the committee +of the club from the day it was founded. To him the club entrusted the +arrangement of the festival in honor of Bagratin, for few men knew +so well how to arrange a feast on an open-handed, hospitable scale, +and still fewer men would be so well able and willing to make up out of +their own resources what might be needed for the success of the fete. +The club cook and the steward listened to the counts orders with +pleased faces, for they knew that under no other management could they +so easily extract a good profit for themselves from a dinner costing +several thousand rubles. + +Well then, mind and have cocks comb in the turtle soup, you +know! + +Shall we have three cold dishes then? asked the cook. + +The count considered. + +We cant have lessyes, three... the mayonnaise, thats one, +said he, bending down a finger. + +Then am I to order those large sterlets? asked the steward. + +Yes, it cant be helped if they wont take less. Ah, dear me! I +was forgetting. We must have another entre. Ah, goodness gracious! +he clutched at his head. Who is going to get me the flowers? Dmtri! +Eh, Dmtri! Gallop off to our Moscow estate, he said to the factotum +who appeared at his call. Hurry off and tell Maksm, the gardener, +to set the serfs to work. Say that everything out of the hothouses must +be brought here well wrapped up in felt. I must have two hundred pots +here on Friday. + +Having given several more orders, he was about to go to his little +countess to have a rest, but remembering something else of +importance, he returned again, called back the cook and the club +steward, and again began giving orders. A light footstep and the +clinking of spurs were heard at the door, and the young count, handsome, +rosy, with a dark little mustache, evidently rested and made sleeker by +his easy life in Moscow, entered the room. + +Ah, my boy, my heads in a whirl! said the old man with a smile, +as if he felt a little confused before his son. Now, if you would +only help a bit! I must have singers too. I shall have my own orchestra, +but shouldnt we get the gypsy singers as well? You military men like +that sort of thing. + +Really, Papa, I believe Prince Bagratin worried himself less before +the battle of Schn Grabern than you do now, said his son with a +smile. + +The old count pretended to be angry. + +Yes, you talk, but try it yourself! + +And the count turned to the cook, who, with a shrewd and respectful +expression, looked observantly and sympathetically at the father and +son. + +What have the young people come to nowadays, eh, Feoktst? said +he. Laughing at us old fellows! + +Thats so, your excellency, all they have to do is to eat a good +dinner, but providing it and serving it all up, thats not their +business! + +Thats it, thats it! exclaimed the count, and gaily seizing +his son by both hands, he cried, Now Ive got you, so take the +sleigh and pair at once, and go to Bezkhovs, and tell him Count +Ily has sent you to ask for strawberries and fresh pineapples. We +cant get them from anyone else. Hes not there himself, so youll +have to go in and ask the princesses and from there go on to the +Rasgulyythe coachman Iptka knowsand look up the gypsy +Ilyshka, the one who danced at Count Orlvs, you remember, in a +white Cossack coat, and bring him along to me. + +And am I to bring the gypsy girls along with him? asked Nicholas, +laughing. Dear, dear!... + +At that moment, with noiseless footsteps and with the businesslike, +preoccupied, yet meekly Christian look which never left her face, Anna +Mikhylovna entered the hall. Though she came upon the count in his +dressing gown every day, he invariably became confused and begged her to +excuse his costume. + +No matter at all, my dear count, she said, meekly closing her +eyes. But Ill go to Bezkhovs myself. Pierre has arrived, and +now we shall get anything we want from his hothouses. I have to see him +in any case. He has forwarded me a letter from Bors. Thank God, Bors +is now on the staff. + +The count was delighted at Anna Mikhylovnas taking upon herself one +of his commissions and ordered the small closed carriage for her. + +Tell Bezkhov to come. Ill put his name down. Is his wife with +him? he asked. + +Anna Mikhylovna turned up her eyes, and profound sadness was depicted +on her face. + +Ah, my dear friend, he is very unfortunate, she said. If what +we hear is true, it is dreadful. How little we dreamed of such a thing +when we were rejoicing at his happiness! And such a lofty angelic soul +as young Bezkhov! Yes, I pity him from my heart, and shall try to give +him what consolation I can. + +Wh-what is the matter? asked both the young and old Rostv. + +Anna Mikhylovna sighed deeply. + +Dlokhov, Mary Ivnovnas son, she said in a mysterious +whisper, has compromised her completely, they say. Pierre took him +up, invited him to his house in Petersburg, and now... she has come here +and that daredevil after her! said Anna Mikhylovna, wishing to show +her sympathy for Pierre, but by involuntary intonations and a half smile +betraying her sympathy for the daredevil, as she called Dlokhov. +They say Pierre is quite broken by his misfortune. + +Dear, dear! But still tell him to come to the clubit will all blow +over. It will be a tremendous banquet. + +Next day, the third of March, soon after one oclock, two hundred and +fifty members of the English Club and fifty guests were awaiting the +guest of honor and hero of the Austrian campaign, Prince Bagratin, to +dinner. + +On the first arrival of the news of the battle of Austerlitz, Moscow had +been bewildered. At that time, the Russians were so used to victories +that on receiving news of the defeat some would simply not believe it, +while others sought some extraordinary explanation of so strange an +event. In the English Club, where all who were distinguished, important, +and well informed foregathered when the news began to arrive in +December, nothing was said about the war and the last battle, as +though all were in a conspiracy of silence. The men who set the tone +in conversationCount Rostopchn, Prince Yri Dolgorkov, Valev, +Count Markv, and Prince Vyzemskidid not show themselves at the +club, but met in private houses in intimate circles, and the +Moscovites who took their opinions from othersIly Rostv among +themremained for a while without any definite opinion on the subject +of the war and without leaders. The Moscovites felt that something was +wrong and that to discuss the bad news was difficult, and so it was best +to be silent. But after a while, just as a jury comes out of its room, +the bigwigs who guided the clubs opinion reappeared, and everybody +began speaking clearly and definitely. Reasons were found for the +incredible, unheard-of, and impossible event of a Russian defeat, +everything became clear, and in all corners of Moscow the same things +began to be said. These reasons were the treachery of the Austrians, a +defective commissariat, the treachery of the Pole Przebyszwski and of +the Frenchman Langeron, Kutzovs incapacity, and (it was whispered) +the youth and inexperience of the sovereign, who had trusted worthless +and insignificant people. But the army, the Russian army, everyone +declared, was extraordinary and had achieved miracles of valor. The +soldiers, officers, and generals were heroes. But the hero of heroes was +Prince Bagratin, distinguished by his Schn Grabern affair and by +the retreat from Austerlitz, where he alone had withdrawn his column +unbroken and had all day beaten back an enemy force twice as numerous +as his own. What also conduced to Bagratins being selected as +Moscows hero was the fact that he had no connections in the city +and was a stranger there. In his person, honor was shown to a simple +fighting Russian soldier without connections and intrigues, and to one +who was associated by memories of the Italian campaign with the name of +Suvrov. Moreover, paying such honor to Bagratin was the best way of +expressing disapproval and dislike of Kutzov. + +Had there been no Bagratin, it would have been necessary to +invent him, said the wit Shinshn, parodying the words of Voltaire. +Kutzov no one spoke of, except some who abused him in whispers, +calling him a court weathercock and an old satyr. + +All Moscow repeated Prince Dolgorkovs saying If you go on +modeling and modeling you must get smeared with clay, suggesting +consolation for our defeat by the memory of former victories and the +words of Rostopchn, that French soldiers have to be incited to battle +by highfalutin words, and Germans by logical arguments to show them +that it is more dangerous to run away than to advance, but that Russian +soldiers only need to be restrained and held back! On all sides, new and +fresh anecdotes were heard of individual examples of heroism shown by +our officers and men at Austerlitz. One had saved a standard, another +had killed five Frenchmen, a third had loaded five cannon singlehanded. +Berg was mentioned, by those who did not know him, as having, when +wounded in the right hand, taken his sword in the left, and gone +forward. Of Bolknski, nothing was said, and only those who knew him +intimately regretted that he had died so young, leaving a pregnant wife +with his eccentric father. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +On that third of March, all the rooms in the English Club were filled +with a hum of conversation, like the hum of bees swarming in springtime. +The members and guests of the club wandered hither and thither, sat, +stood, met, and separated, some in uniform and some in evening dress, +and a few here and there with powdered hair and in Russian kaftns. +Powdered footmen, in livery with buckled shoes and smart stockings, +stood at every door anxiously noting visitors every movement in order +to offer their services. Most of those present were elderly, respected +men with broad, self-confident faces, fat fingers, and resolute gestures +and voices. This class of guests and members sat in certain habitual +places and met in certain habitual groups. A minority of those present +were casual guestschiefly young men, among whom were Densov, +Rostv, and Dlokhovwho was now again an officer in the Semnov +regiment. The faces of these young people, especially those who were +military men, bore that expression of condescending respect for their +elders which seems to say to the older generation, We are prepared to +respect and honor you, but all the same remember that the future belongs +to us. + +Nesvtski was there as an old member of the club. Pierre, who at his +wifes command had let his hair grow and abandoned his spectacles, +went about the rooms fashionably dressed but looking sad and dull. Here, +as elsewhere, he was surrounded by an atmosphere of subservience to +his wealth, and being in the habit of lording it over these people, he +treated them with absent-minded contempt. + +By his age he should have belonged to the younger men, but by his wealth +and connections he belonged to the groups of old and honored guests, and +so he went from one group to another. Some of the most important old men +were the center of groups which even strangers approached respectfully +to hear the voices of well-known men. The largest circles formed round +Count Rostopchn, Valev, and Narshkin. Rostopchn was describing +how the Russians had been overwhelmed by flying Austrians and had had to +force their way through them with bayonets. + +Valev was confidentially telling that Uvrov had been sent from +Petersburg to ascertain what Moscow was thinking about Austerlitz. + +In the third circle, Narshkin was speaking of the meeting of the +Austrian Council of War at which Suvrov crowed like a cock in reply to +the nonsense talked by the Austrian generals. Shinshn, standing close +by, tried to make a joke, saying that Kutzov had evidently failed to +learn from Suvrov even so simple a thing as the art of crowing like a +cock, but the elder members glanced severely at the wit, making him +feel that in that place and on that day, it was improper to speak so of +Kutzov. + +Count Ily Rostv, hurried and preoccupied, went about in his soft +boots between the dining and drawing rooms, hastily greeting the +important and unimportant, all of whom he knew, as if they were all +equals, while his eyes occasionally sought out his fine well-set-up +young son, resting on him and winking joyfully at him. Young Rostv +stood at a window with Dlokhov, whose acquaintance he had lately +made and highly valued. The old count came up to them and pressed +Dlokhovs hand. + +Please come and visit us... you know my brave boy... been together +out there... both playing the hero... Ah, Vasli Igntovich... +How dye do, old fellow? he said, turning to an old man who was +passing, but before he had finished his greeting there was a general +stir, and a footman who had run in announced, with a frightened face +Hes arrived! + +Bells rang, the stewards rushed forward, andlike rye shaken together +in a shovelthe guests who had been scattered about in different rooms +came together and crowded in the large drawing room by the door of the +ballroom. + +Bagratin appeared in the doorway of the anteroom without hat or sword, +which, in accord with the club custom, he had given up to the hall +porter. He had no lambskin cap on his head, nor had he a loaded whip +over his shoulder, as when Rostv had seen him on the eve of the battle +of Austerlitz, but wore a tight new uniform with Russian and foreign +Orders, and the Star of St. George on his left breast. Evidently just +before coming to the dinner he had had his hair and whiskers trimmed, +which changed his appearance for the worse. There was something navely +festive in his air, which, in conjunction with his firm and virile +features, gave him a rather comical expression. Bekleshv and Theodore +Uvrov, who had arrived with him, paused at the doorway to allow him, +as the guest of honor, to enter first. Bagratin was embarrassed, not +wishing to avail himself of their courtesy, and this caused some delay +at the doors, but after all he did at last enter first. He walked shyly +and awkwardly over the parquet floor of the reception room, not knowing +what to do with his hands he was more accustomed to walk over a plowed +field under fire, as he had done at the head of the Kursk regiment at +Schn Grabernand he would have found that easier. The committeemen +met him at the first door and, expressing their delight at seeing such a +highly honored guest, took possession of him as it were, without waiting +for his reply, surrounded him, and led him to the drawing room. It was +at first impossible to enter the drawing room door for the crowd of +members and guests jostling one another and trying to get a good look +at Bagratin over each others shoulders, as if he were some rare +animal. Count Ily Rostv, laughing and repeating the words, Make +way, dear boy! Make way, make way! pushed through the crowd more +energetically than anyone, led the guests into the drawing room, and +seated them on the center sofa. The bigwigs, the most respected members +of the club, beset the new arrivals. Count Ily, again thrusting his +way through the crowd, went out of the drawing room and reappeared a +minute later with another committeeman, carrying a large silver salver +which he presented to Prince Bagratin. On the salver lay some verses +composed and printed in the heros honor. Bagratin, on seeing the +salver, glanced around in dismay, as though seeking help. But all eyes +demanded that he should submit. Feeling himself in their power, he +resolutely took the salver with both hands and looked sternly and +reproachfully at the count who had presented it to him. Someone +obligingly took the dish from Bagratin (or he would, it seemed, have +held it till evening and have gone in to dinner with it) and drew his +attention to the verses. + +Well, I will read them, then! Bagratin seemed to say, and, +fixing his weary eyes on the paper, began to read them with a fixed and +serious expression. But the author himself took the verses and began +reading them aloud. Bagratin bowed his head and listened + + Bring glory then to Alexanders reign + And on the throne our Titus shield. + A dreaded foe be thou, kindhearted as a man, + A Rhipheus at home, a Caesar in the field! + Een fortunate Napoleon + Knows by experience, now, Bagratin, + And dare not Herculean Russians trouble... + +But before he had finished reading, a stentorian major-domo announced +that dinner was ready! The door opened, and from the dining room came +the resounding strains of the polonaise + + Conquests joyful thunder waken, + Triumph, valiant Russians, now!... + +and Count Rostv, glancing angrily at the author who went on reading +his verses, bowed to Bagratin. Everyone rose, feeling that dinner +was more important than verses, and Bagratin, again preceding all the +rest, went in to dinner. He was seated in the place of honor between +two AlexandersBekleshv and Narshkinwhich was a significant +allusion to the name of the sovereign. Three hundred persons took their +seats in the dining room, according to their rank and importance the +more important nearer to the honored guest, as naturally as water flows +deepest where the land lies lowest. + +Just before dinner, Count Ily Rostv presented his son to Bagratin, +who recognized him and said a few words to him, disjointed and awkward, +as were all the words he spoke that day, and Count Ily looked joyfully +and proudly around while Bagratin spoke to his son. + +Nicholas Rostv, with Densov and his new acquaintance, Dlokhov, sat +almost at the middle of the table. Facing them sat Pierre, beside Prince +Nesvtski. Count Ily Rostv with the other members of the committee +sat facing Bagratin and, as the very personification of Moscow +hospitality, did the honors to the prince. + +His efforts had not been in vain. The dinner, both the Lenten and the +other fare, was splendid, yet he could not feel quite at ease till the +end of the meal. He winked at the butler, whispered directions to the +footmen, and awaited each expected dish with some anxiety. Everything +was excellent. With the second course, a gigantic sterlet (at sight of +which Ily Rostv blushed with self-conscious pleasure), the footmen +began popping corks and filling the champagne glasses. After the fish, +which made a certain sensation, the count exchanged glances with +the other committeemen. There will be many toasts, its time to +begin, he whispered, and taking up his glass, he rose. All were +silent, waiting for what he would say. + +To the health of our Sovereign, the Emperor! he cried, and at the +same moment his kindly eyes grew moist with tears of joy and enthusiasm. +The band immediately struck up Conquests joyful thunder +waken... All rose and cried Hurrah! Bagratin also rose and +shouted Hurrah! in exactly the same voice in which he had shouted +it on the field at Schn Grabern. Young Rostvs ecstatic voice +could be heard above the three hundred others. He nearly wept. To the +health of our Sovereign, the Emperor! he roared, Hurrah! and +emptying his glass at one gulp he dashed it to the floor. Many followed +his example, and the loud shouting continued for a long time. When the +voices subsided, the footmen cleared away the broken glass and everybody +sat down again, smiling at the noise they had made and exchanging +remarks. The old count rose once more, glanced at a note lying beside +his plate, and proposed a toast, To the health of the hero of our +last campaign, Prince Peter Ivnovich Bagratin! and again his blue +eyes grew moist. Hurrah! cried the three hundred voices again, +but instead of the band a choir began singing a cantata composed by Paul +Ivnovich Kutzov + + Russians! Oer all barriers on! + Courage conquest guarantees + Have we not Bagratin? + He brings foemen to their knees,... etc. + +As soon as the singing was over, another and another toast was proposed +and Count Ily Rostv became more and more moved, more glass was +smashed, and the shouting grew louder. They drank to Bekleshv, +Narshkin, Uvrov, Dolgorkov, Aprksin, Valev, to the committee, +to all the club members and to all the club guests, and finally to +Count Ily Rostv separately, as the organizer of the banquet. At that +toast, the count took out his handkerchief and, covering his face, wept +outright. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Pierre sat opposite Dlokhov and Nicholas Rostv. As usual, he ate and +drank much, and eagerly. But those who knew him intimately noticed that +some great change had come over him that day. He was silent all through +dinner and looked about, blinking and scowling, or, with fixed eyes and +a look of complete absent-mindedness, kept rubbing the bridge of his +nose. His face was depressed and gloomy. He seemed to see and hear +nothing of what was going on around him and to be absorbed by some +depressing and unsolved problem. + +The unsolved problem that tormented him was caused by hints given by the +princess, his cousin, at Moscow, concerning Dlokhovs intimacy with +his wife, and by an anonymous letter he had received that morning, which +in the mean jocular way common to anonymous letters said that he saw +badly through his spectacles, but that his wifes connection with +Dlokhov was a secret to no one but himself. Pierre absolutely +disbelieved both the princess hints and the letter, but he feared +now to look at Dlokhov, who was sitting opposite him. Every time +he chanced to meet Dlokhovs handsome insolent eyes, Pierre felt +something terrible and monstrous rising in his soul and turned quickly +away. Involuntarily recalling his wifes past and her relations with +Dlokhov, Pierre saw clearly that what was said in the letter might be +true, or might at least seem to be true had it not referred to his wife. +He involuntarily remembered how Dlokhov, who had fully recovered his +former position after the campaign, had returned to Petersburg and come +to him. Availing himself of his friendly relations with Pierre as a boon +companion, Dlokhov had come straight to his house, and Pierre had put +him up and lent him money. Pierre recalled how Hlne had smilingly +expressed disapproval of Dlokhovs living at their house, and how +cynically Dlokhov had praised his wifes beauty to him and from that +time till they came to Moscow had not left them for a day. + +Yes, he is very handsome, thought Pierre, and I know him. It +would be particularly pleasant to him to dishonor my name and ridicule +me, just because I have exerted myself on his behalf, befriended him, +and helped him. I know and understand what a spice that would add to the +pleasure of deceiving me, if it really were true. Yes, if it were true, +but I do not believe it. I have no right to, and cant, believe it. +He remembered the expression Dlokhovs face assumed in his moments +of cruelty, as when tying the policeman to the bear and dropping them +into the water, or when he challenged a man to a duel without any +reason, or shot a post-boys horse with a pistol. That expression +was often on Dlokhovs face when looking at him. Yes, he is a +bully, thought Pierre, to kill a man means nothing to him. It must +seem to him that everyone is afraid of him, and that must please him. +He must think that I, too, am afraid of himand in fact I am afraid of +him, he thought, and again he felt something terrible and monstrous +rising in his soul. Dlokhov, Densov, and Rostv were now sitting +opposite Pierre and seemed very gay. Rostv was talking merrily to his +two friends, one of whom was a dashing hussar and the other a notorious +duelist and rake, and every now and then he glanced ironically at +Pierre, whose preoccupied, absent-minded, and massive figure was a very +noticeable one at the dinner. Rostv looked inimically at Pierre, +first because Pierre appeared to his hussar eyes as a rich civilian, the +husband of a beauty, and in a wordan old woman and secondly because +Pierre in his preoccupation and absent-mindedness had not recognized +Rostv and had not responded to his greeting. When the Emperors +health was drunk, Pierre, lost in thought, did not rise or lift his +glass. + +What are you about? shouted Rostv, looking at him in an ecstasy +of exasperation. Dont you hear its His Majesty the Emperors +health? + +Pierre sighed, rose submissively, emptied his glass, and, waiting till +all were seated again, turned with his kindly smile to Rostv. + +Why, I didnt recognize you! he said. But Rostv was otherwise +engaged he was shouting Hurrah! + +Why dont you renew the acquaintance? said Dlokhov to Rostv. + +Confound him, hes a fool! said Rostv. + +One should make up to the husbands of pretty women, said Densov. + +Pierre did not catch what they were saying, but knew they were talking +about him. He reddened and turned away. + +Well, now to the health of handsome women! said Dlokhov, and +with a serious expression, but with a smile lurking at the corners of +his mouth, he turned with his glass to Pierre. + +Heres to the health of lovely women, Peterkinand their +lovers! he added. + +Pierre, with downcast eyes, drank out of his glass without looking at +Dlokhov or answering him. The footman, who was distributing leaflets +with Kutzovs cantata, laid one before Pierre as one of the +principal guests. He was just going to take it when Dlokhov, leaning +across, snatched it from his hand and began reading it. Pierre looked +at Dlokhov and his eyes dropped, the something terrible and monstrous +that had tormented him all dinnertime rose and took possession of him. +He leaned his whole massive body across the table. + +How dare you take it? he shouted. + +Hearing that cry and seeing to whom it was addressed, Nesvtski and the +neighbor on his right quickly turned in alarm to Bezkhov. + +Dont! Dont! What are you about? whispered their frightened +voices. + +Dlokhov looked at Pierre with clear, mirthful, cruel eyes, and that +smile of his which seemed to say, Ah! This is what I like! + +You shant have it! he said distinctly. + +Pale, with quivering lips, Pierre snatched the copy. + +You...! you... scoundrel! I challenge you! he ejaculated, and, +pushing back his chair, he rose from the table. + +At the very instant he did this and uttered those words, Pierre felt +that the question of his wifes guilt which had been tormenting him +the whole day was finally and indubitably answered in the affirmative. +He hated her and was forever sundered from her. Despite Densovs +request that he would take no part in the matter, Rostv agreed to be +Dlokhovs second, and after dinner he discussed the arrangements for +the duel with Nesvtski, Bezkhovs second. Pierre went home, but +Rostv with Dlokhov and Densov stayed on at the club till late, +listening to the gypsies and other singers. + +Well then, till tomorrow at Soklniki, said Dlokhov, as he took +leave of Rostv in the club porch. + +And do you feel quite calm? Rostv asked. + +Dlokhov paused. + +Well, you see, Ill tell you the whole secret of dueling in two +words. If you are going to fight a duel, and you make a will and write +affectionate letters to your parents, and if you think you may be +killed, you are a fool and are lost for certain. But go with the firm +intention of killing your man as quickly and surely as possible, and +then all will be right, as our bear huntsman at Kostrom used to tell +me. Everyone fears a bear, he says, but when you see one your +fears all gone, and your only thought is not to let him get away! +And thats how it is with me. demain, mon cher. * + + * Till tomorrow, my dear fellow. + +Next day, at eight in the morning, Pierre and Nesvtski drove to the +Soklniki forest and found Dlokhov, Densov, and Rostv already +there. Pierre had the air of a man preoccupied with considerations which +had no connection with the matter in hand. His haggard face was yellow. +He had evidently not slept that night. He looked about distractedly and +screwed up his eyes as if dazzled by the sun. He was entirely absorbed +by two considerations his wifes guilt, of which after his sleepless +night he had not the slightest doubt, and the guiltlessness of +Dlokhov, who had no reason to preserve the honor of a man who was +nothing to him.... I should perhaps have done the same thing in his +place, thought Pierre. Its even certain that I should have done +the same, then why this duel, this murder? Either I shall kill him, or +he will hit me in the head, or elbow, or knee. Cant I go away from +here, run away, bury myself somewhere? passed through his mind. But +just at moments when such thoughts occurred to him, he would ask in a +particularly calm and absent-minded way, which inspired the respect of +the onlookers, Will it be long? Are things ready? + +When all was ready, the sabers stuck in the snow to mark the barriers, +and the pistols loaded, Nesvtski went up to Pierre. + +I should not be doing my duty, Count, he said in timid tones, +and should not justify your confidence and the honor you have done +me in choosing me for your second, if at this grave, this very +grave, moment I did not tell you the whole truth. I think there is no +sufficient ground for this affair, or for blood to be shed over it.... +You were not right, not quite in the right, you were impetuous... + +Oh yes, it is horribly stupid, said Pierre. + +Then allow me to express your regrets, and I am sure your opponent +will accept them, said Nesvtski (who like the others concerned in +the affair, and like everyone in similar cases, did not yet believe that +the affair had come to an actual duel). You know, Count, it is much +more honorable to admit ones mistake than to let matters become +irreparable. There was no insult on either side. Allow me to +convey.... + +No! What is there to talk about? said Pierre. Its all the +same.... Is everything ready? he added. Only tell me where to go +and where to shoot, he said with an unnaturally gentle smile. + +He took the pistol in his hand and began asking about the working of the +trigger, as he had not before held a pistol in his handa fact that he +did not wish to confess. + +Oh yes, like that, I know, I only forgot, said he. + +No apologies, none whatever, said Dlokhov to Densov (who on +his side had been attempting a reconciliation), and he also went up to +the appointed place. + +The spot chosen for the duel was some eighty paces from the road, +where the sleighs had been left, in a small clearing in the pine forest +covered with melting snow, the frost having begun to break up during the +last few days. The antagonists stood forty paces apart at the farther +edge of the clearing. The seconds, measuring the paces, left tracks in +the deep wet snow between the place where they had been standing and +Nesvtskis and Dlokhovs sabers, which were stuck into the +ground ten paces apart to mark the barrier. It was thawing and misty at +forty paces distance nothing could be seen. For three minutes all had +been ready, but they still delayed and all were silent. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Well begin! said Dlokhov. + +All right, said Pierre, still smiling in the same way. A feeling +of dread was in the air. It was evident that the affair so lightly begun +could no longer be averted but was taking its course independently of +mens will. + +Densov first went to the barrier and announced As the +advesawies have wefused a weconciliation, please pwoceed. Take your +pistols, and at the word thwee begin to advance. + +O-ne! T-wo! Thwee! he shouted angrily and stepped aside. + +The combatants advanced along the trodden tracks, nearer and nearer to +one another, beginning to see one another through the mist. They had the +right to fire when they liked as they approached the barrier. Dlokhov +walked slowly without raising his pistol, looking intently with his +bright, sparkling blue eyes into his antagonists face. His mouth wore +its usual semblance of a smile. + +So I can fire when I like! said Pierre, and at the word +three, he went quickly forward, missing the trodden path and +stepping into the deep snow. He held the pistol in his right hand at +arms length, apparently afraid of shooting himself with it. His left +hand he held carefully back, because he wished to support his right +hand with it and knew he must not do so. Having advanced six paces and +strayed off the track into the snow, Pierre looked down at his feet, +then quickly glanced at Dlokhov and, bending his finger as he had been +shown, fired. Not at all expecting so loud a report, Pierre shuddered +at the sound and then, smiling at his own sensations, stood still. The +smoke, rendered denser by the mist, prevented him from seeing anything +for an instant, but there was no second report as he had expected. He +only heard Dlokhovs hurried steps, and his figure came in view +through the smoke. He was pressing one hand to his left side, while +the other clutched his drooping pistol. His face was pale. Rostv ran +toward him and said something. + +No-o-o! muttered Dlokhov through his teeth, no, its not +over. And after stumbling a few staggering steps right up to the +saber, he sank on the snow beside it. His left hand was bloody he wiped +it on his coat and supported himself with it. His frowning face was +pallid and quivered. + +Plea... began Dlokhov, but could not at first pronounce the +word. + +Please, he uttered with an effort. + +Pierre, hardly restraining his sobs, began running toward Dlokhov and +was about to cross the space between the barriers, when Dlokhov cried + +To your barrier! and Pierre, grasping what was meant, stopped by +his saber. Only ten paces divided them. Dlokhov lowered his head to +the snow, greedily bit at it, again raised his head, adjusted himself, +drew in his legs and sat up, seeking a firm center of gravity. He sucked +and swallowed the cold snow, his lips quivered but his eyes, still +smiling, glittered with effort and exasperation as he mustered his +remaining strength. He raised his pistol and aimed. + +Sideways! Cover yourself with your pistol! ejaculated Nesvtski. + +Cover yourself! even Densov cried to his adversary. + +Pierre, with a gentle smile of pity and remorse, his arms and legs +helplessly spread out, stood with his broad chest directly facing +Dlokhov and looked sorrowfully at him. Densov, Rostv, and +Nesvtski closed their eyes. At the same instant they heard a report +and Dlokhovs angry cry. + +Missed! shouted Dlokhov, and he lay helplessly, face downwards +on the snow. + +Pierre clutched his temples, and turning round went into the forest, +trampling through the deep snow, and muttering incoherent words + +Folly... folly! Death... lies... he repeated, puckering his face. + +Nesvtski stopped him and took him home. + +Rostv and Densov drove away with the wounded Dlokhov. + +The latter lay silent in the sleigh with closed eyes and did not answer +a word to the questions addressed to him. But on entering Moscow he +suddenly came to and, lifting his head with an effort, took Rostv, who +was sitting beside him, by the hand. Rostv was struck by the +totally altered and unexpectedly rapturous and tender expression on +Dlokhovs face. + +Well? How do you feel? he asked. + +Bad! But its not that, my friend said Dlokhov with a +gasping voice. Where are we? In Moscow, I know. I dont matter, +but I have killed her, killed... She wont get over it! She wont +survive.... + +Who? asked Rostv. + +My mother! My mother, my angel, my adored angel mother, and +Dlokhov pressed Rostvs hand and burst into tears. + +When he had become a little quieter, he explained to Rostv that he was +living with his mother, who, if she saw him dying, would not survive it. +He implored Rostv to go on and prepare her. + +Rostv went on ahead to do what was asked, and to his great surprise +learned that Dlokhov the brawler, Dlokhov the bully, lived in Moscow +with an old mother and a hunchback sister, and was the most affectionate +of sons and brothers. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Pierre had of late rarely seen his wife alone. Both in Petersburg and in +Moscow their house was always full of visitors. The night after the +duel he did not go to his bedroom but, as he often did, remained in his +fathers room, that huge room in which Count Bezkhov had died. + +He lay down on the sofa meaning to fall asleep and forget all that +had happened to him, but could not do so. Such a storm of feelings, +thoughts, and memories suddenly arose within him that he could not fall +asleep, nor even remain in one place, but had to jump up and pace the +room with rapid steps. Now he seemed to see her in the early days of +their marriage, with bare shoulders and a languid, passionate look on +her face, and then immediately he saw beside her Dlokhovs handsome, +insolent, hard, and mocking face as he had seen it at the banquet, and +then that same face pale, quivering, and suffering, as it had been when +he reeled and sank on the snow. + +What has happened? he asked himself. I have killed her lover, +yes, killed my wifes lover. Yes, that was it! And why? How did I come +to do it?Because you married her, answered an inner voice. + +But in what was I to blame? he asked. In marrying her without +loving her in deceiving yourself and her. And he vividly recalled +that moment after supper at Prince Vaslis, when he spoke those +words he had found so difficult to utter I love you. It all +comes from that! Even then I felt it, he thought. I felt then that +it was not so, that I had no right to do it. And so it turns out. + +He remembered his honeymoon and blushed at the recollection. +Particularly vivid, humiliating, and shameful was the recollection of +how one day soon after his marriage he came out of the bedroom into his +study a little before noon in his silk dressing gown and found his head +steward there, who, bowing respectfully, looked into his face and at +his dressing gown and smiled slightly, as if expressing respectful +understanding of his employers happiness. + +But how often I have felt proud of her, proud of her majestic beauty +and social tact, thought he been proud of my house, in which she +received all Petersburg, proud of her unapproachability and beauty. So +this is what I was proud of! I then thought that I did not understand +her. How often when considering her character I have told myself that +I was to blame for not understanding her, for not understanding that +constant composure and complacency and lack of all interests or desires, +and the whole secret lies in the terrible truth that she is a depraved +woman. Now I have spoken that terrible word to myself all has become +clear. + +Anatole used to come to borrow money from her and used to kiss her +naked shoulders. She did not give him the money, but let herself be +kissed. Her father in jest tried to rouse her jealousy, and she replied +with a calm smile that she was not so stupid as to be jealous Let +him do what he pleases, she used to say of me. One day I asked her if +she felt any symptoms of pregnancy. She laughed contemptuously and said +she was not a fool to want to have children, and that she was not going +to have any children by me. + +Then he recalled the coarseness and bluntness of her thoughts and the +vulgarity of the expressions that were natural to her, though she had +been brought up in the most aristocratic circles. + +Im not such a fool.... Just you try it on.... Allez-vous +promener, * she used to say. Often seeing the success she had with +young and old men and women Pierre could not understand why he did not +love her. + + * You clear out of this. + + +Yes, I never loved her, said he to himself I knew she was a +depraved woman, he repeated, but dared not admit it to myself. +And now theres Dlokhov sitting in the snow with a forced smile and +perhaps dying, while meeting my remorse with some forced bravado! + +Pierre was one of those people who, in spite of an appearance of what +is called weak character, do not seek a confidant in their troubles. He +digested his sufferings alone. + +It is all, all her fault, he said to himself but what of that? +Why did I bind myself to her? Why did I say Je vous aime * to her, +which was a lie, and worse than a lie? I am guilty and must endure... +what? A slur on my name? A misfortune for life? Oh, thats +nonsense, he thought. The slur on my name and honorthats all +apart from myself. + + * I love you. + +Louis XVI was executed because they said he was dishonorable and a +criminal, came into Pierres head, and from their point of +view they were right, as were those too who canonized him and died a +martyrs death for his sake. Then Robespierre was beheaded for being +a despot. Who is right and who is wrong? No one! But if you are +alivelive tomorrow youll die as I might have died an hour ago. +And is it worth tormenting oneself, when one has only a moment of life +in comparison with eternity? + +But at the moment when he imagined himself calmed by such reflections, +she suddenly came into his mind as she was at the moments when he had +most strongly expressed his insincere love for her, and he felt the +blood rush to his heart and had again to get up and move about and break +and tear whatever came to his hand. Why did I tell her that Je +vous aime? he kept repeating to himself. And when he had said it +for the tenth time, Molires words Mais que diable allait-il +faire dans cette galre? * occurred to him, and he began to laugh at +himself. + + * But what the devil was he doing in that galley? + + +In the night he called his valet and told him to pack up to go to +Petersburg. He could not imagine how he could speak to her now. He +resolved to go away next day and leave a letter informing her of his +intention to part from her forever. + +Next morning when the valet came into the room with his coffee, Pierre +was lying asleep on the ottoman with an open book in his hand. + +He woke up and looked round for a while with a startled expression, +unable to realize where he was. + +The countess told me to inquire whether your excellency was at +home, said the valet. + +But before Pierre could decide what answer he would send, the countess +herself in a white satin dressing gown embroidered with silver and with +simply dressed hair (two immense plaits twice round her lovely head like +a coronet) entered the room, calm and majestic, except that there was +a wrathful wrinkle on her rather prominent marble brow. With her +imperturbable calm she did not begin to speak in front of the valet. +She knew of the duel and had come to speak about it. She waited till the +valet had set down the coffee things and left the room. Pierre looked +at her timidly over his spectacles, and like a hare surrounded by hounds +who lays back her ears and continues to crouch motionless before her +enemies, he tried to continue reading. But feeling this to be senseless +and impossible, he again glanced timidly at her. She did not sit down +but looked at him with a contemptuous smile, waiting for the valet to +go. + +Well, whats this now? What have you been up to now, I should like +to know? she asked sternly. + +I? What have I...? stammered Pierre. + +So it seems youre a hero, eh? Come now, what was this duel about? +What is it meant to prove? What? I ask you. + +Pierre turned over heavily on the ottoman and opened his mouth, but +could not reply. + +If you wont answer, Ill tell you... Hlne went on. You +believe everything youre told. You were told... Hlne laughed, +that Dlokhov was my lover, she said in French with her coarse +plainness of speech, uttering the word amant as casually as any other +word, and you believed it! Well, what have you proved? What does this +duel prove? That youre a fool, que vous tes un sot, but everybody +knew that. What will be the result? That I shall be the laughingstock of +all Moscow, that everyone will say that you, drunk and not knowing what +you were about, challenged a man you are jealous of without cause. +Hlne raised her voice and became more and more excited, A man +whos a better man than you in every way... + +Hm... Hm...! growled Pierre, frowning without looking at her, and +not moving a muscle. + +And how could you believe he was my lover? Why? Because I like +his company? If you were cleverer and more agreeable, I should prefer +yours. + +Dont speak to me... I beg you, muttered Pierre hoarsely. + +Why shouldnt I speak? I can speak as I like, and I tell you +plainly that there are not many wives with husbands such as you who +would not have taken lovers (des amants), but I have not done so, +said she. + +Pierre wished to say something, looked at her with eyes whose strange +expression she did not understand, and lay down again. He was suffering +physically at that moment, there was a weight on his chest and he could +not breathe. He knew that he must do something to put an end to this +suffering, but what he wanted to do was too terrible. + +We had better separate, he muttered in a broken voice. + +Separate? Very well, but only if you give me a fortune, said +Hlne. Separate! Thats a thing to frighten me with! + +Pierre leaped up from the sofa and rushed staggering toward her. + +Ill kill you! he shouted, and seizing the marble top of a table +with a strength he had never before felt, he made a step toward her +brandishing the slab. + +Hlnes face became terrible, she shrieked and sprang aside. His +fathers nature showed itself in Pierre. He felt the fascination and +delight of frenzy. He flung down the slab, broke it, and swooping +down on her with outstretched hands shouted, Get out! in such a +terrible voice that the whole house heard it with horror. God knows what +he would have done at that moment had Hlne not fled from the room. + + +A week later Pierre gave his wife full power to control all his estates +in Great Russia, which formed the larger part of his property, and left +for Petersburg alone. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Two months had elapsed since the news of the battle of Austerlitz and +the loss of Prince Andrew had reached Bald Hills, and in spite of the +letters sent through the embassy and all the searches made, his body had +not been found nor was he on the list of prisoners. What was worst of +all for his relations was the fact that there was still a possibility of +his having been picked up on the battlefield by the people of the +place and that he might now be lying, recovering or dying, alone among +strangers and unable to send news of himself. The gazettes from which +the old prince first heard of the defeat at Austerlitz stated, as usual +very briefly and vaguely, that after brilliant engagements the Russians +had had to retreat and had made their withdrawal in perfect order. The +old prince understood from this official report that our army had been +defeated. A week after the gazette report of the battle of Austerlitz +came a letter from Kutzov informing the prince of the fate that had +befallen his son. + +Your son, wrote Kutzov, fell before my eyes, a standard in +his hand and at the head of a regimenthe fell as a hero, worthy of +his father and his fatherland. To the great regret of myself and of the +whole army it is still uncertain whether he is alive or not. I comfort +myself and you with the hope that your son is alive, for otherwise +he would have been mentioned among the officers found on the field of +battle, a list of whom has been sent me under flag of truce. + +After receiving this news late in the evening, when he was alone in his +study, the old prince went for his walk as usual next morning, but he +was silent with his steward, the gardener, and the architect, and though +he looked very grim he said nothing to anyone. + +When Princess Mary went to him at the usual hour he was working at his +lathe and, as usual, did not look round at her. + +Ah, Princess Mary! he said suddenly in an unnatural voice, +throwing down his chisel. (The wheel continued to revolve by its own +impetus, and Princess Mary long remembered the dying creak of that +wheel, which merged in her memory with what followed.) + +She approached him, saw his face, and something gave way within her. Her +eyes grew dim. By the expression of her fathers face, not sad, not +crushed, but angry and working unnaturally, she saw that hanging over +her and about to crush her was some terrible misfortune, the worst +in life, one she had not yet experienced, irreparable and +incomprehensiblethe death of one she loved. + +Father! Andrew!said the ungraceful, awkward princess with such +an indescribable charm of sorrow and self-forgetfulness that her father +could not bear her look but turned away with a sob. + +Bad news! Hes not among the prisoners nor among the killed! +Kutzov writes... and he screamed as piercingly as if he wished to +drive the princess away by that scream... Killed! + +The princess did not fall down or faint. She was already pale, but on +hearing these words her face changed and something brightened in her +beautiful, radiant eyes. It was as if joya supreme joy apart from the +joys and sorrows of this worldoverflowed the great grief within her. +She forgot all fear of her father, went up to him, took his hand, and +drawing him down put her arm round his thin, scraggy neck. + +Father, she said, do not turn away from me, let us weep +together. + +Scoundrels! Blackguards! shrieked the old man, turning his face +away from her. Destroying the army, destroying the men! And why? Go, +go and tell Lise. + +The princess sank helplessly into an armchair beside her father and +wept. She saw her brother now as he had been at the moment when he took +leave of her and of Lise, his look tender yet proud. She saw him tender +and amused as he was when he put on the little icon. Did he believe? +Had he repented of his unbelief? Was he now there? There in the realms +of eternal peace and blessedness? she thought. + +Father, tell me how it happened, she asked through her tears. + +Go! Go! Killed in battle, where the best of Russian men and +Russias glory were led to destruction. Go, Princess Mary. Go and tell +Lise. I will follow. + +When Princess Mary returned from her father, the little princess sat +working and looked up with that curious expression of inner, happy calm +peculiar to pregnant women. It was evident that her eyes did not see +Princess Mary but were looking within... into herself... at something +joyful and mysterious taking place within her. + +Mary, she said, moving away from the embroidery frame and lying +back, give me your hand. She took her sister-in-laws hand and +held it below her waist. + +Her eyes were smiling expectantly, her downy lip rose and remained +lifted in childlike happiness. + +Princess Mary knelt down before her and hid her face in the folds of her +sister-in-laws dress. + +There, there! Do you feel it? I feel so strange. And do you know, +Mary, I am going to love him very much, said Lise, looking with +bright and happy eyes at her sister-in-law. + +Princess Mary could not lift her head, she was weeping. + +What is the matter, Mary? + +Nothing... only I feel sad... sad about Andrew, she said, wiping +away her tears on her sister-in-laws knee. + +Several times in the course of the morning Princess Mary began trying to +prepare her sister-in-law, and every time began to cry. Unobservant as +was the little princess, these tears, the cause of which she did not +understand, agitated her. She said nothing but looked about uneasily as +if in search of something. Before dinner the old prince, of whom she was +always afraid, came into her room with a peculiarly restless and malign +expression and went out again without saying a word. She looked at +Princess Mary, then sat thinking for a while with that expression of +attention to something within her that is only seen in pregnant women, +and suddenly began to cry. + +Has anything come from Andrew? she asked. + +No, you know its too soon for news. But my father is anxious and I +feel afraid. + +So theres nothing? + +Nothing, answered Princess Mary, looking firmly with her radiant +eyes at her sister-in-law. + +She had determined not to tell her and persuaded her father to hide the +terrible news from her till after her confinement, which was expected +within a few days. Princess Mary and the old prince each bore and hid +their grief in their own way. The old prince would not cherish any hope +he made up his mind that Prince Andrew had been killed, and though he +sent an official to Austria to seek for traces of his son, he ordered a +monument from Moscow which he intended to erect in his own garden to his +memory, and he told everybody that his son had been killed. He tried not +to change his former way of life, but his strength failed him. He walked +less, ate less, slept less, and became weaker every day. Princess Mary +hoped. She prayed for her brother as living and was always awaiting news +of his return. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Dearest, said the little princess after breakfast on the morning +of the nineteenth March, and her downy little lip rose from old habit, +but as sorrow was manifest in every smile, the sound of every word, and +even every footstep in that house since the terrible news had come, so +now the smile of the little princessinfluenced by the general mood +though without knowing its causewas such as to remind one still more +of the general sorrow. + +Dearest, Im afraid this mornings fruschtique *as Fka the +cook calls ithas disagreed with me. + + * Frhstck breakfast. + +What is the matter with you, my darling? You look pale. Oh, you +are very pale! said Princess Mary in alarm, running with her soft, +ponderous steps up to her sister-in-law. + +Your excellency, should not Mary Bogdnovna be sent for? said one +of the maids who was present. (Mary Bogdnovna was a midwife from the +neighboring town, who had been at Bald Hills for the last fortnight.) + +Oh yes, assented Princess Mary, perhaps thats it. Ill go. +Courage, my angel. She kissed Lise and was about to leave the room. + +Oh, no, no! And besides the pallor and the physical suffering +on the little princess face, an expression of childish fear of +inevitable pain showed itself. + +No, its only indigestion?... Say its only indigestion, say so, +Mary! Say... And the little princess began to cry capriciously like +a suffering child and to wring her little hands even with some +affectation. Princess Mary ran out of the room to fetch Mary +Bogdnovna. + +Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu! Oh! she heard as she left the room. + +The midwife was already on her way to meet her, rubbing her small, plump +white hands with an air of calm importance. + +Mary Bogdnovna, I think its beginning! said Princess Mary +looking at the midwife with wide-open eyes of alarm. + +Well, the Lord be thanked, Princess, said Mary Bogdnovna, not +hastening her steps. You young ladies should not know anything about +it. + +But how is it the doctor from Moscow is not here yet? said the +princess. (In accordance with Lises and Prince Andrews wishes they +had sent in good time to Moscow for a doctor and were expecting him at +any moment.) + +No matter, Princess, dont be alarmed, said Mary Bogdnovna. +Well manage very well without a doctor. + +Five minutes later Princess Mary from her room heard something heavy +being carried by. She looked out. The men servants were carrying the +large leather sofa from Prince Andrews study into the bedroom. On +their faces was a quiet and solemn look. + +Princess Mary sat alone in her room listening to the sounds in the +house, now and then opening her door when someone passed and watching +what was going on in the passage. Some women passing with quiet steps in +and out of the bedroom glanced at the princess and turned away. She did +not venture to ask any questions, and shut the door again, now sitting +down in her easy chair, now taking her prayer book, now kneeling before +the icon stand. To her surprise and distress she found that her prayers +did not calm her excitement. Suddenly her door opened softly and her old +nurse, Praskvya Svishna, who hardly ever came to that room as the +old prince had forbidden it, appeared on the threshold with a shawl +round her head. + +Ive come to sit with you a bit, Msha, said the nurse, and +here Ive brought the princes wedding candles to light before his +saint, my angel, she said with a sigh. + +Oh, nurse, Im so glad! + +God is merciful, birdie. + +The nurse lit the gilt candles before the icons and sat down by the door +with her knitting. Princess Mary took a book and began reading. Only +when footsteps or voices were heard did they look at one another, the +princess anxious and inquiring, the nurse encouraging. Everyone in the +house was dominated by the same feeling that Princess Mary experienced +as she sat in her room. But owing to the superstition that the fewer +the people who know of it the less a woman in travail suffers, everyone +tried to pretend not to know no one spoke of it, but apart from the +ordinary staid and respectful good manners habitual in the princes +household, a common anxiety, a softening of the heart, and a +consciousness that something great and mysterious was being accomplished +at that moment made itself felt. + +There was no laughter in the maids large hall. In the men servants +hall all sat waiting, silently and alert. In the outlying serfs +quarters torches and candles were burning and no one slept. The old +prince, stepping on his heels, paced up and down his study and sent +Tkhon to ask Mary Bogdnovna what news.Say only that the +prince told me to ask, and come and tell me her answer. + +Inform the prince that labor has begun, said Mary Bogdnovna, +giving the messenger a significant look. + +Tkhon went and told the prince. + +Very good! said the prince closing the door behind him, and +Tkhon did not hear the slightest sound from the study after that. + +After a while he re-entered it as if to snuff the candles, and, seeing +the prince was lying on the sofa, looked at him, noticed his perturbed +face, shook his head, and going up to him silently kissed him on the +shoulder and left the room without snuffing the candles or saying why he +had entered. The most solemn mystery in the world continued its course. +Evening passed, night came, and the feeling of suspense and softening of +heart in the presence of the unfathomable did not lessen but increased. +No one slept. + +It was one of those March nights when winter seems to wish to resume its +sway and scatters its last snows and storms with desperate fury. A relay +of horses had been sent up the highroad to meet the German doctor from +Moscow who was expected every moment, and men on horseback with lanterns +were sent to the crossroads to guide him over the country road with its +hollows and snow-covered pools of water. + +Princess Mary had long since put aside her book she sat silent, her +luminous eyes fixed on her nurses wrinkled face (every line of which +she knew so well), on the lock of gray hair that escaped from under the +kerchief, and the loose skin that hung under her chin. + +Nurse Svishna, knitting in hand, was telling in low tones, scarcely +hearing or understanding her own words, what she had told hundreds of +times before how the late princess had given birth to Princess Mary +in Kishenv with only a Moldavian peasant woman to help instead of a +midwife. + +God is merciful, doctors are never needed, she said. + +Suddenly a gust of wind beat violently against the casement of the +window, from which the double frame had been removed (by order of the +prince, one window frame was removed in each room as soon as the larks +returned), and, forcing open a loosely closed latch, set the damask +curtain flapping and blew out the candle with its chill, snowy draft. +Princess Mary shuddered her nurse, putting down the stocking she was +knitting, went to the window and leaning out tried to catch the open +casement. The cold wind flapped the ends of her kerchief and her loose +locks of gray hair. + +Princess, my dear, theres someone driving up the avenue! she +said, holding the casement and not closing it. With lanterns. Most +likely the doctor. + +Oh, my God! thank God! said Princess Mary. I must go and meet +him, he does not know Russian. + +Princess Mary threw a shawl over her head and ran to meet the newcomer. +As she was crossing the anteroom she saw through the window a carriage +with lanterns, standing at the entrance. She went out on the stairs. On +a banister post stood a tallow candle which guttered in the draft. On +the landing below, Philip, the footman, stood looking scared and holding +another candle. Still lower, beyond the turn of the staircase, one +could hear the footstep of someone in thick felt boots, and a voice that +seemed familiar to Princess Mary was saying something. + +Thank God! said the voice. And Father? + +Gone to bed, replied the voice of Demyn the house steward, who +was downstairs. + +Then the voice said something more, Demyn replied, and the steps in +the felt boots approached the unseen bend of the staircase more rapidly. + +Its Andrew! thought Princess Mary. No it cant be, that +would be too extraordinary, and at the very moment she thought this, +the face and figure of Prince Andrew, in a fur cloak the deep collar of +which covered with snow, appeared on the landing where the footman +stood with the candle. Yes, it was he, pale, thin, with a changed and +strangely softened but agitated expression on his face. He came up the +stairs and embraced his sister. + +You did not get my letter? he asked, and not waiting for a +replywhich he would not have received, for the princess was unable to +speakhe turned back, rapidly mounted the stairs again with the +doctor who had entered the hall after him (they had met at the last post +station), and again embraced his sister. + +What a strange fate, Msha darling! And having taken off his +cloak and felt boots, he went to the little princess apartment. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +The little princess lay supported by pillows, with a white cap on her +head (the pains had just left her). Strands of her black hair lay round +her inflamed and perspiring cheeks, her charming rosy mouth with its +downy lip was open and she was smiling joyfully. Prince Andrew entered +and paused facing her at the foot of the sofa on which she was lying. +Her glittering eyes, filled with childlike fear and excitement, rested +on him without changing their expression. I love you all and have +done no harm to anyone why must I suffer so? Help me! her look +seemed to say. She saw her husband, but did not realize the significance +of his appearance before her now. Prince Andrew went round the sofa and +kissed her forehead. + +My darling! he saida word he had never used to her before. +God is merciful.... + +She looked at him inquiringly and with childlike reproach. + +I expected help from you and I get none, none from you either! +said her eyes. She was not surprised at his having come she did +not realize that he had come. His coming had nothing to do with +her sufferings or with their relief. The pangs began again and Mary +Bogdnovna advised Prince Andrew to leave the room. + +The doctor entered. Prince Andrew went out and, meeting Princess Mary, +again joined her. They began talking in whispers, but their talk broke +off at every moment. They waited and listened. + +Go, dear, said Princess Mary. + +Prince Andrew went again to his wife and sat waiting in the room next +to hers. A woman came from the bedroom with a frightened face and became +confused when she saw Prince Andrew. He covered his face with his hands +and remained so for some minutes. Piteous, helpless, animal moans came +through the door. Prince Andrew got up, went to the door, and tried to +open it. Someone was holding it shut. + +You cant come in! You cant! said a terrified voice from +within. + +He began pacing the room. The screaming ceased, and a few more seconds +went by. Then suddenly a terrible shriekit could not be hers, she +could not scream like thatcame from the bedroom. Prince Andrew ran to +the door the scream ceased and he heard the wail of an infant. + +What have they taken a baby in there for? thought Prince Andrew in +the first second. A baby? What baby...? Why is there a baby there? Or +is the baby born? + +Then suddenly he realized the joyful significance of that wail tears +choked him, and leaning his elbows on the window sill he began to cry, +sobbing like a child. The door opened. The doctor with his shirt sleeves +tucked up, without a coat, pale and with a trembling jaw, came out +of the room. Prince Andrew turned to him, but the doctor gave him a +bewildered look and passed by without a word. A woman rushed out and +seeing Prince Andrew stopped, hesitating on the threshold. He went into +his wifes room. She was lying dead, in the same position he had seen +her in five minutes before and, despite the fixed eyes and the pallor of +the cheeks, the same expression was on her charming childlike face with +its upper lip covered with tiny black hair. + +I love you all, and have done no harm to anyone and what have you +done to me?said her charming, pathetic, dead face. + +In a corner of the room something red and tiny gave a grunt and squealed +in Mary Bogdnovnas trembling white hands. + + +Two hours later Prince Andrew, stepping softly, went into his fathers +room. The old man already knew everything. He was standing close to +the door and as soon as it opened his rough old arms closed like a vise +round his sons neck, and without a word he began to sob like a child. + + +Three days later the little princess was buried, and Prince Andrew went +up the steps to where the coffin stood, to give her the farewell kiss. +And there in the coffin was the same face, though with closed eyes. +Ah, what have you done to me? it still seemed to say, and Prince +Andrew felt that something gave way in his soul and that he was guilty +of a sin he could neither remedy nor forget. He could not weep. The +old man too came up and kissed the waxen little hands that lay quietly +crossed one on the other on her breast, and to him, too, her face seemed +to say Ah, what have you done to me, and why? And at the sight +the old man turned angrily away. + + +Another five days passed, and then the young Prince Nicholas Andrevich +was baptized. The wet nurse supported the coverlet with her chin, while +the priest with a goose feather anointed the boys little red and +wrinkled soles and palms. + +His grandfather, who was his godfather, trembling and afraid of dropping +him, carried the infant round the battered tin font and handed him over +to the godmother, Princess Mary. Prince Andrew sat in another room, +faint with fear lest the baby should be drowned in the font, and awaited +the termination of the ceremony. He looked up joyfully at the baby when +the nurse brought it to him and nodded approval when she told him that +the wax with the babys hair had not sunk in the font but had floated. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Rostvs share in Dlokhovs duel with Bezkhov was hushed up by +the efforts of the old count, and instead of being degraded to the ranks +as he expected he was appointed an adjutant to the governor general of +Moscow. As a result he could not go to the country with the rest of the +family, but was kept all summer in Moscow by his new duties. Dlokhov +recovered, and Rostv became very friendly with him during his +convalescence. Dlokhov lay ill at his mothers who loved him +passionately and tenderly, and old Mary Ivnovna, who had grown fond of +Rostv for his friendship to her Fdya, often talked to him about her +son. + +Yes, Count, she would say, he is too noble and pure-souled for +our present, depraved world. No one now loves virtue it seems like +a reproach to everyone. Now tell me, Count, was it right, was it +honorable, of Bezkhov? And Fdya, with his noble spirit, loved him +and even now never says a word against him. Those pranks in Petersburg +when they played some tricks on a policeman, didnt they do it +together? And there! Bezkhov got off scotfree, while Fdya had to +bear the whole burden on his shoulders. Fancy what he had to go through! +Its true he has been reinstated, but how could they fail to do that? +I think there were not many such gallant sons of the fatherland out +there as he. And nowthis duel! Have these people no feeling, or +honor? Knowing him to be an only son, to challenge him and shoot so +straight! Its well God had mercy on us. And what was it for? Who +doesnt have intrigues nowadays? Why, if he was so jealous, as I see +things he should have shown it sooner, but he lets it go on for months. +And then to call him out, reckoning on Fdya not fighting because he +owed him money! What baseness! What meanness! I know you understand +Fdya, my dear count that, believe me, is why I am so fond of you. Few +people do understand him. He is such a lofty, heavenly soul! + +Dlokhov himself during his convalescence spoke to Rostv in a way no +one would have expected of him. + +I know people consider me a bad man! he said. Let them! I +dont care a straw about anyone but those I love but those I love, +I love so that I would give my life for them, and the others Id +throttle if they stood in my way. I have an adored, a priceless mother, +and two or three friendsyou among themand as for the rest I only +care about them in so far as they are harmful or useful. And most of +them are harmful, especially the women. Yes, dear boy, he continued, +I have met loving, noble, high-minded men, but I have not yet met +any womencountesses or cookswho were not venal. I have not yet met +that divine purity and devotion I look for in women. If I found such a +one Id give my life for her! But those!... and he made a gesture +of contempt. And believe me, if I still value my life it is +only because I still hope to meet such a divine creature, who will +regenerate, purify, and elevate me. But you dont understand it. + +Oh, yes, I quite understand, answered Rostv, who was under his +new friends influence. + +In the autumn the Rostvs returned to Moscow. Early in the winter +Densov also came back and stayed with them. The first half of the +winter of 1806, which Nicholas Rostv spent in Moscow, was one of the +happiest, merriest times for him and the whole family. Nicholas brought +many young men to his parents house. Vra was a handsome girl +of twenty Snya a girl of sixteen with all the charm of an opening +flower Natsha, half grown up and half child, was now childishly +amusing, now girlishly enchanting. + +At that time in the Rostvs house there prevailed an amorous +atmosphere characteristic of homes where there are very young and very +charming girls. Every young man who came to the houseseeing those +impressionable, smiling young faces (smiling probably at their own +happiness), feeling the eager bustle around him, and hearing the fitful +bursts of song and music and the inconsequent but friendly prattle of +young girls ready for anything and full of hopeexperienced the same +feeling sharing with the young folk of the Rostvs household a +readiness to fall in love and an expectation of happiness. + +Among the young men introduced by Rostv one of the first was +Dlokhov, whom everyone in the house liked except Natsha. She almost +quarreled with her brother about him. She insisted that he was a bad +man, and that in the duel with Bezkhov, Pierre was right and Dlokhov +wrong, and further that he was disagreeable and unnatural. + +Theres nothing for me to understand, she cried out with +resolute self-will, he is wicked and heartless. There now, I like +your Densov though he is a rake and all that, still I like him so +you see I do understand. I dont know how to put it... with this one +everything is calculated, and I dont like that. But Densov... + +Oh, Densov is quite different, replied Nicholas, implying that +even Densov was nothing compared to Dlokhovyou must understand +what a soul there is in Dlokhov, you should see him with his mother. +What a heart! + +Well, I dont know about that, but I am uncomfortable with him. And +do you know he has fallen in love with Snya? + +What nonsense... + +Im certain of it youll see. + +Natshas prediction proved true. Dlokhov, who did not usually care +for the society of ladies, began to come often to the house, and the +question for whose sake he came (though no one spoke of it) was soon +settled. He came because of Snya. And Snya, though she would never +have dared to say so, knew it and blushed scarlet every time Dlokhov +appeared. + +Dlokhov often dined at the Rostvs, never missed a performance at +which they were present, and went to Iogels balls for young people +which the Rostvs always attended. He was pointedly attentive to Snya +and looked at her in such a way that not only could she not bear his +glances without coloring, but even the old countess and Natsha blushed +when they saw his looks. + +It was evident that this strange, strong man was under the irresistible +influence of the dark, graceful girl who loved another. + +Rostv noticed something new in Dlokhovs relations with Snya, +but he did not explain to himself what these new relations were. +Theyre always in love with someone, he thought of Snya and +Natsha. But he was not as much at ease with Snya and Dlokhov as +before and was less frequently at home. + +In the autumn of 1806 everybody had again begun talking of the war with +Napoleon with even greater warmth than the year before. Orders were +given to raise recruits, ten men in every thousand for the regular army, +and besides this, nine men in every thousand for the militia. Everywhere +Bonaparte was anathematized and in Moscow nothing but the coming war +was talked of. For the Rostv family the whole interest of these +preparations for war lay in the fact that Nicholas would not hear of +remaining in Moscow, and only awaited the termination of Densovs +furlough after Christmas to return with him to their regiment. His +approaching departure did not prevent his amusing himself, but rather +gave zest to his pleasures. He spent the greater part of his time away +from home, at dinners, parties, and balls. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +On the third day after Christmas Nicholas dined at home, a thing he had +rarely done of late. It was a grand farewell dinner, as he and Densov +were leaving to join their regiment after Epiphany. About twenty people +were present, including Dlokhov and Densov. + +Never had love been so much in the air, and never had the amorous +atmosphere made itself so strongly felt in the Rostvs house as at +this holiday time. Seize the moments of happiness, love and be loved! +That is the only reality in the world, all else is folly. It is the one +thing we are interested in here, said the spirit of the place. + +Nicholas, having as usual exhausted two pairs of horses, without +visiting all the places he meant to go to and where he had been invited, +returned home just before dinner. As soon as he entered he noticed and +felt the tension of the amorous air in the house, and also noticed a +curious embarrassment among some of those present. Snya, Dlokhov, +and the old countess were especially disturbed, and to a lesser degree +Natsha. Nicholas understood that something must have happened between +Snya and Dlokhov before dinner, and with the kindly sensitiveness +natural to him was very gentle and wary with them both at dinner. On +that same evening there was to be one of the balls that Iogel (the +dancing master) gave for his pupils during the holidays. + +Nicholas, will you come to Iogels? Please do! said Natsha. +He asked you, and Vasli Dmtrich * is also going. + + * Densov. + +Where would I not go at the countess command! said Densov, +who at the Rostvs had jocularly assumed the role of Natshas +knight. Im even weady to dance the pas de chle. + +If I have time, answered Nicholas. But I promised the +Arkhrovs they have a party. + +And you? he asked Dlokhov, but as soon as he had asked the +question he noticed that it should not have been put. + +Perhaps, coldly and angrily replied Dlokhov, glancing at Snya, +and, scowling, he gave Nicholas just such a look as he had given Pierre +at the club dinner. + +There is something up, thought Nicholas, and he was further +confirmed in this conclusion by the fact that Dlokhov left immediately +after dinner. He called Natsha and asked her what was the matter. + +And I was looking for you, said Natsha running out to him. I +told you, but you would not believe it, she said triumphantly. He +has proposed to Snya! + +Little as Nicholas had occupied himself with Snya of late, something +seemed to give way within him at this news. Dlokhov was a suitable and +in some respects a brilliant match for the dowerless, orphan girl. From +the point of view of the old countess and of society it was out of the +question for her to refuse him. And therefore Nicholas first feeling +on hearing the news was one of anger with Snya.... He tried to say, +Thats capital of course shell forget her childish promises +and accept the offer, but before he had time to say it Natsha began +again. + +And fancy! she refused him quite definitely! adding, after a +pause, she told him she loved another. + +Yes, my Snya could not have done otherwise! thought Nicholas. + +Much as Mamma pressed her, she refused, and I know she wont change +once she has said... + +And Mamma pressed her! said Nicholas reproachfully. + +Yes, said Natsha. Do you know, Nicholasdont be +angrybut I know you will not marry her. I know, heaven knows how, but +I know for certain that you wont marry her. + +Now you dont know that at all! said Nicholas. But I must +talk to her. What a darling Snya is! he added with a smile. + +Ah, she is indeed a darling! Ill send her to you. + +And Natsha kissed her brother and ran away. + +A minute later Snya came in with a frightened, guilty, and scared +look. Nicholas went up to her and kissed her hand. This was the first +time since his return that they had talked alone and about their love. + +Sophie, he began, timidly at first and then more and more +boldly, if you wish to refuse one who is not only a brilliant and +advantageous match but a splendid, noble fellow... he is my friend... + +Snya interrupted him. + +I have already refused, she said hurriedly. + +If you are refusing for my sake, I am afraid that I... + +Snya again interrupted. She gave him an imploring, frightened look. + +Nicholas, dont tell me that! she said. + +No, but I must. It may be arrogant of me, but still it is best to say +it. If you refuse him on my account, I must tell you the whole truth. I +love you, and I think I love you more than anyone else.... + +That is enough for me, said Snya, blushing. + +No, but I have been in love a thousand times and shall fall in +love again, though for no one have I such a feeling of friendship, +confidence, and love as I have for you. Then I am young. Mamma does +not wish it. In a word, I make no promise. And I beg you to consider +Dlokhovs offer, he said, articulating his friends name with +difficulty. + +Dont say that to me! I want nothing. I love you as a brother and +always shall, and I want nothing more. + +You are an angel I am not worthy of you, but I am afraid of +misleading you. + +And Nicholas again kissed her hand. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Iogels were the most enjoyable balls in Moscow. So said the mothers +as they watched their young people executing their newly learned steps, +and so said the youths and maidens themselves as they danced till they +were ready to drop, and so said the grown-up young men and women who +came to these balls with an air of condescension and found them most +enjoyable. That year two marriages had come of these balls. The two +pretty young Princesses Gorchakv met suitors there and were married +and so further increased the fame of these dances. What distinguished +them from others was the absence of host or hostess and the presence of +the good-natured Iogel, flying about like a feather and bowing according +to the rules of his art, as he collected the tickets from all his +visitors. There was the fact that only those came who wished to dance +and amuse themselves as girls of thirteen and fourteen do who are +wearing long dresses for the first time. With scarcely any exceptions +they all were, or seemed to be, prettyso rapturous were their smiles +and so sparkling their eyes. Sometimes the best of the pupils, of whom +Natsha, who was exceptionally graceful, was first, even danced the pas +de chle, but at this last ball only the cossaise, the anglaise, and +the mazurka, which was just coming into fashion, were danced. Iogel had +taken a ballroom in Bezkhovs house, and the ball, as everyone said, +was a great success. There were many pretty girls and the Rostv girls +were among the prettiest. They were both particularly happy and gay. +That evening, proud of Dlokhovs proposal, her refusal, and her +explanation with Nicholas, Snya twirled about before she left home +so that the maid could hardly get her hair plaited, and she was +transparently radiant with impulsive joy. + +Natsha no less proud of her first long dress and of being at a real +ball was even happier. They were both dressed in white muslin with pink +ribbons. + +Natsha fell in love the very moment she entered the ballroom. She +was not in love with anyone in particular, but with everyone. Whatever +person she happened to look at she was in love with for that moment. + +Oh, how delightful it is! she kept saying, running up to Snya. + +Nicholas and Densov were walking up and down, looking with kindly +patronage at the dancers. + +How sweet she isshe will be a weal beauty! said Densov. + +Who? + +Countess Natsha, answered Densov. + +And how she dances! What gwace! he said again after a pause. + +Who are you talking about? + +About your sister, ejaculated Densov testily. + +Rostv smiled. + +My dear count, you were one of my best pupilsyou must dance, +said little Iogel coming up to Nicholas. Look how many charming young +ladies He turned with the same request to Densov who was also a +former pupil of his. + +No, my dear fellow, Ill be a wallflower, said Densov. +Dont you wecollect what bad use I made of your lessons? + +Oh no! said Iogel, hastening to reassure him. You were only +inattentive, but you had talentoh yes, you had talent! + +The band struck up the newly introduced mazurka. Nicholas could not +refuse Iogel and asked Snya to dance. Densov sat down by the old +ladies and, leaning on his saber and beating time with his foot, told +them something funny and kept them amused, while he watched the young +people dancing, Iogel with Natsha, his pride and his best pupil, were +the first couple. Noiselessly, skillfully stepping with his little +feet in low shoes, Iogel flew first across the hall with Natsha, who, +though shy, went on carefully executing her steps. Densov did not +take his eyes off her and beat time with his saber in a way that clearly +indicated that if he was not dancing it was because he would not and not +because he could not. In the middle of a figure he beckoned to Rostv +who was passing + +This is not at all the thing, he said. What sort of Polish +mazuwka is this? But she does dance splendidly. + +Knowing that Densov had a reputation even in Poland for the masterly +way in which he danced the mazurka, Nicholas ran up to Natsha + +Go and choose Densov. He is a real dancer, a wonder! he said. + +When it came to Natshas turn to choose a partner, she rose and, +tripping rapidly across in her little shoes trimmed with bows, ran +timidly to the corner where Densov sat. She saw that everybody was +looking at her and waiting. Nicholas saw that Densov was refusing +though he smiled delightedly. He ran up to them. + +Please, Vasli Dmtrich, Natsha was saying, do come! + +Oh no, let me off, Countess, Densov replied. + +Now then, Vska, said Nicholas. + +They coax me as if I were Vska the cat! said Densov jokingly. + +Ill sing for you a whole evening, said Natsha. + +Oh, the faiwy! She can do anything with me! said Densov, and +he unhooked his saber. He came out from behind the chairs, clasped his +partners hand firmly, threw back his head, and advanced his foot, +waiting for the beat. Only on horse back and in the mazurka was +Densovs short stature not noticeable and he looked the fine fellow +he felt himself to be. At the right beat of the music he looked sideways +at his partner with a merry and triumphant air, suddenly stamped with +one foot, bounded from the floor like a ball, and flew round the room +taking his partner with him. He glided silently on one foot half across +the room, and seeming not to notice the chairs was dashing straight at +them, when suddenly, clinking his spurs and spreading out his legs, +he stopped short on his heels, stood so a second, stamped on the spot +clanking his spurs, whirled rapidly round, and, striking his left heel +against his right, flew round again in a circle. Natsha guessed what +he meant to do, and abandoning herself to him followed his lead hardly +knowing how. First he spun her round, holding her now with his left, now +with his right hand, then falling on one knee he twirled her round him, +and again jumping up, dashed so impetuously forward that it seemed as if +he would rush through the whole suite of rooms without drawing breath, +and then he suddenly stopped and performed some new and unexpected +steps. When at last, smartly whirling his partner round in front of her +chair, he drew up with a click of his spurs and bowed to her, Natsha +did not even make him a curtsy. She fixed her eyes on him in amazement, +smiling as if she did not recognize him. + +What does this mean? she brought out. + +Although Iogel did not acknowledge this to be the real mazurka, everyone +was delighted with Densovs skill, he was asked again and again as +a partner, and the old men began smilingly to talk about Poland and the +good old days. Densov, flushed after the mazurka and mopping himself +with his handkerchief, sat down by Natsha and did not leave her for +the rest of the evening. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +For two days after that Rostv did not see Dlokhov at his own or at +Dlokhovs home on the third day he received a note from him + +As I do not intend to be at your house again for reasons you know +of, and am going to rejoin my regiment, I am giving a farewell supper +tonight to my friendscome to the English Hotel. + +About ten oclock Rostv went to the English Hotel straight from the +theater, where he had been with his family and Densov. He was at once +shown to the best room, which Dlokhov had taken for that evening. Some +twenty men were gathered round a table at which Dlokhov sat between +two candles. On the table was a pile of gold and paper money, and he +was keeping the bank. Rostv had not seen him since his proposal and +Snyas refusal and felt uncomfortable at the thought of how they +would meet. + +Dlokhovs clear, cold glance met Rostv as soon as he entered the +door, as though he had long expected him. + +Its a long time since we met, he said. Thanks for coming. +Ill just finish dealing, and then Ilyshka will come with his +chorus. + +I called once or twice at your house, said Rostv, reddening. + +Dlokhov made no reply. + +You may punt, he said. + +Rostv recalled at that moment a strange conversation he had once had +with Dlokhov. None but fools trust to luck in play, Dlokhov +had then said. + +Or are you afraid to play with me? Dlokhov now asked as if +guessing Rostvs thought. + +Beneath his smile Rostv saw in him the mood he had shown at the club +dinner and at other times, when as if tired of everyday life he had felt +a need to escape from it by some strange, and usually cruel, action. + +Rostv felt ill at ease. He tried, but failed, to find some joke with +which to reply to Dlokhovs words. But before he had thought of +anything, Dlokhov, looking straight in his face, said slowly and +deliberately so that everyone could hear + +Do you remember we had a talk about cards... Hes a fool who +trusts to luck, one should make certain, and I want to try. + +To try his luck or the certainty? Rostv asked himself. + +Well, youd better not play, Dlokhov added, and springing a +new pack of cards said Bank, gentlemen! + +Moving the money forward he prepared to deal. Rostv sat down by his +side and at first did not play. Dlokhov kept glancing at him. + +Why dont you play? he asked. + +And strange to say Nicholas felt that he could not help taking up a +card, putting a small stake on it, and beginning to play. + +I have no money with me, he said. + +Ill trust you. + +Rostv staked five rubles on a card and lost, staked again, and again +lost. Dlokhov killed, that is, beat, ten cards of Rostvs +running. + +Gentlemen, said Dlokhov after he had dealt for some time. +Please place your money on the cards or I may get muddled in the +reckoning. + +One of the players said he hoped he might be trusted. + +Yes, you might, but I am afraid of getting the accounts mixed. So I +ask you to put the money on your cards, replied Dlokhov. Dont +stint yourself, well settle afterwards, he added, turning to +Rostv. + +The game continued a waiter kept handing round champagne. + +All Rostvs cards were beaten and he had eight hundred rubles scored +up against him. He wrote 800 rubles on a card, but while the +waiter filled his glass he changed his mind and altered it to his usual +stake of twenty rubles. + +Leave it, said Dlokhov, though he did not seem to be even +looking at Rostv, youll win it back all the sooner. I lose to +the others but win from you. Or are you afraid of me? he asked again. + +Rostv submitted. He let the eight hundred remain and laid down a seven +of hearts with a torn corner, which he had picked up from the floor. He +well remembered that seven afterwards. He laid down the seven of hearts, +on which with a broken bit of chalk he had written 800 rubles in +clear upright figures he emptied the glass of warm champagne that was +handed him, smiled at Dlokhovs words, and with a sinking heart, +waiting for a seven to turn up, gazed at Dlokhovs hands which held +the pack. Much depended on Rostvs winning or losing on that seven +of hearts. On the previous Sunday the old count had given his son +two thousand rubles, and though he always disliked speaking of money +difficulties had told Nicholas that this was all he could let him have +till May, and asked him to be more economical this time. Nicholas had +replied that it would be more than enough for him and that he gave his +word of honor not to take anything more till the spring. Now only twelve +hundred rubles was left of that money, so that this seven of hearts +meant for him not only the loss of sixteen hundred rubles, but the +necessity of going back on his word. With a sinking heart he watched +Dlokhovs hands and thought, Now then, make haste and let me have +this card and Ill take my cap and drive home to supper with Densov, +Natsha, and Snya, and will certainly never touch a card again. At +that moment his home life, jokes with Ptya, talks with Snya, duets +with Natsha, piquet with his father, and even his comfortable bed +in the house on the Povarskya rose before him with such vividness, +clearness, and charm that it seemed as if it were all a lost and +unappreciated bliss, long past. He could not conceive that a stupid +chance, letting the seven be dealt to the right rather than to the left, +might deprive him of all this happiness, newly appreciated and newly +illumined, and plunge him into the depths of unknown and undefined +misery. That could not be, yet he awaited with a sinking heart the +movement of Dlokhovs hands. Those broad, reddish hands, with hairy +wrists visible from under the shirt cuffs, laid down the pack and took +up a glass and a pipe that were handed him. + +So you are not afraid to play with me? repeated Dlokhov, and as +if about to tell a good story he put down the cards, leaned back in his +chair, and began deliberately with a smile + +Yes, gentlemen, Ive been told theres a rumor going about Moscow +that Im a sharper, so I advise you to be careful. + +Come now, deal! exclaimed Rostv. + +Oh, those Moscow gossips! said Dlokhov, and he took up the cards +with a smile. + +Aah! Rostv almost screamed lifting both hands to his head. The +seven he needed was lying uppermost, the first card in the pack. He had +lost more than he could pay. + +Still, dont ruin yourself! said Dlokhov with a side glance at +Rostv as he continued to deal. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +An hour and a half later most of the players were but little interested +in their own play. + +The whole interest was concentrated on Rostv. Instead of sixteen +hundred rubles he had a long column of figures scored against him, +which he had reckoned up to ten thousand, but that now, as he vaguely +supposed, must have risen to fifteen thousand. In reality it already +exceeded twenty thousand rubles. Dlokhov was no longer listening to +stories or telling them, but followed every movement of Rostvs +hands and occasionally ran his eyes over the score against him. He had +decided to play until that score reached forty-three thousand. He +had fixed on that number because forty-three was the sum of his and +Snyas joint ages. Rostv, leaning his head on both hands, sat at +the table which was scrawled over with figures, wet with spilled wine, +and littered with cards. One tormenting impression did not leave him +that those broad-boned reddish hands with hairy wrists visible from +under the shirt sleeves, those hands which he loved and hated, held him +in their power. + +Six hundred rubles, ace, a corner, a nine... winning it backs +impossible... Oh, how pleasant it was at home!... The knave, double or +quits... it cant be!... And why is he doing this to me? Rostv +pondered. Sometimes he staked a large sum, but Dlokhov refused to +accept it and fixed the stake himself. Nicholas submitted to him, and at +one moment prayed to God as he had done on the battlefield at the bridge +over the Enns, and then guessed that the card that came first to hand +from the crumpled heap under the table would save him, now counted the +cords on his coat and took a card with that number and tried staking the +total of his losses on it, then he looked round for aid from the other +players, or peered at the now cold face of Dlokhov and tried to read +what was passing in his mind. + +He knows of course what this loss means to me. He cant want my +ruin. Wasnt he my friend? Wasnt I fond of him? But its not his +fault. Whats he to do if he has such luck?... And its not my fault +either, he thought to himself, I have done nothing wrong. Have I +killed anyone, or insulted or wished harm to anyone? Why such a terrible +misfortune? And when did it begin? Such a little while ago I came to +this table with the thought of winning a hundred rubles to buy that +casket for Mammas name day and then going home. I was so happy, so +free, so lighthearted! And I did not realize how happy I was! When did +that end and when did this new, terrible state of things begin? What +marked the change? I sat all the time in this same place at this table, +chose and placed cards, and watched those broad-boned agile hands in the +same way. When did it happen and what has happened? I am well and strong +and still the same and in the same place. No, it cant be! Surely it +will all end in nothing! + +He was flushed and bathed in perspiration, though the room was not hot. +His face was terrible and piteous to see, especially from its helpless +efforts to seem calm. + +The score against him reached the fateful sum of forty-three thousand. +Rostv had just prepared a card, by bending the corner of which he +meant to double the three thousand just put down to his score, when +Dlokhov, slamming down the pack of cards, put it aside and began +rapidly adding up the total of Rostvs debt, breaking the chalk as +he marked the figures in his clear, bold hand. + +Supper, its time for supper! And here are the gypsies! + +Some swarthy men and women were really entering from the cold outside +and saying something in their gypsy accents. Nicholas understood that it +was all over but he said in an indifferent tone + +Well, wont you go on? I had a splendid card all ready, as if it +were the fun of the game which interested him most. + +Its all up! Im lost! thought he. Now a bullet through my +brainthats all thats left me! And at the same time he said +in a cheerful voice + +Come now, just this one more little card! + +All right! said Dlokhov, having finished the addition. All +right! Twenty-one rubles, he said, pointing to the figure twenty-one +by which the total exceeded the round sum of forty-three thousand and +taking up a pack he prepared to deal. Rostv submissively unbent the +corner of his card and, instead of the six thousand he had intended, +carefully wrote twenty-one. + +Its all the same to me, he said. I only want to see whether +you will let me win this ten, or beat it. + +Dlokhov began to deal seriously. Oh, how Rostv detested at that +moment those hands with their short reddish fingers and hairy wrists, +which held him in their power.... The ten fell to him. + +You owe forty-three thousand, Count, said Dlokhov, and +stretching himself he rose from the table. One does get tired sitting +so long, he added. + +Yes, Im tired too, said Rostv. + +Dlokhov cut him short, as if to remind him that it was not for him to +jest. + +When am I to receive the money, Count? + +Rostv, flushing, drew Dlokhov into the next room. + +I cannot pay it all immediately. Will you take an I.O.U.? he said. + +I say, Rostv, said Dlokhov clearly, smiling and looking +Nicholas straight in the eyes, you know the saying, Lucky in love, +unlucky at cards. Your cousin is in love with you, I know. + +Oh, its terrible to feel oneself so in this mans power, +thought Rostv. He knew what a shock he would inflict on his father and +mother by the news of this loss, he knew what a relief it would be to +escape it all, and felt that Dlokhov knew that he could save him from +all this shame and sorrow, but wanted now to play with him as a cat does +with a mouse. + +Your cousin... Dlokhov started to say, but Nicholas interrupted +him. + +My cousin has nothing to do with this and its not necessary to +mention her! he exclaimed fiercely. + +Then when am I to have it? + +Tomorrow, replied Rostv and left the room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +To say tomorrow and keep up a dignified tone was not difficult, +but to go home alone, see his sisters, brother, mother, and father, +confess and ask for money he had no right to after giving his word of +honor, was terrible. + +At home, they had not yet gone to bed. The young people, after returning +from the theater, had had supper and were grouped round the clavichord. +As soon as Nicholas entered, he was enfolded in that poetic atmosphere +of love which pervaded the Rostv household that winter and, now after +Dlokhovs proposal and Iogels ball, seemed to have grown thicker +round Snya and Natsha as the air does before a thunderstorm. Snya +and Natsha, in the light-blue dresses they had worn at the theater, +looking pretty and conscious of it, were standing by the clavichord, +happy and smiling. Vra was playing chess with Shinshn in the drawing +room. The old countess, waiting for the return of her husband and son, +sat playing patience with the old gentlewoman who lived in their house. +Densov, with sparkling eyes and ruffled hair, sat at the clavichord +striking chords with his short fingers, his legs thrown back and his +eyes rolling as he sang, with his small, husky, but true voice, some +verses called Enchantress, which he had composed, and to which he +was trying to fit music + + Enchantress, say, to my forsaken lyre + What magic power is this recalls me still? + What spark has set my inmost soul on fire, + What is this bliss that makes my fingers thrill? + +He was singing in passionate tones, gazing with his sparkling +black-agate eyes at the frightened and happy Natsha. + +Splendid! Excellent! exclaimed Natsha. Another verse, she +said, without noticing Nicholas. + +Everythings still the same with them, thought Nicholas, +glancing into the drawing room, where he saw Vra and his mother with +the old lady. + +Ah, and heres Nicholas! cried Natsha, running up to him. + +Is Papa at home? he asked. + +I am so glad youve come! said Natsha, without answering him. +We are enjoying ourselves! Vasli Dmtrich is staying a day longer +for my sake! Did you know? + +No, Papa is not back yet, said Snya. + +Nicholas, have you come? Come here, dear! called the old countess +from the drawing room. + +Nicholas went to her, kissed her hand, and sitting down silently at her +table began to watch her hands arranging the cards. From the dancing +room, they still heard the laughter and merry voices trying to persuade +Natsha to sing. + +All wight! All wight! shouted Densov. Its no good making +excuses now! Its your turn to sing the bacawollaI entweat +you! + +The countess glanced at her silent son. + +What is the matter? she asked. + +Oh, nothing, said he, as if weary of being continually asked the +same question. Will Papa be back soon? + +I expect so. + +Everythings the same with them. They know nothing about it! Where +am I to go? thought Nicholas, and went again into the dancing room +where the clavichord stood. + +Snya was sitting at the clavichord, playing the prelude to +Densovs favorite barcarolle. Natsha was preparing to sing. +Densov was looking at her with enraptured eyes. + +Nicholas began pacing up and down the room. + +Why do they want to make her sing? How can she sing? Theres +nothing to be happy about! thought he. + +Snya struck the first chord of the prelude. + +My God, Im a ruined and dishonored man! A bullet through my brain +is the only thing left menot singing! his thoughts ran on. Go +away? But where to? Its onelet them sing! + +He continued to pace the room, looking gloomily at Densov and the +girls and avoiding their eyes. + +Niklenka, what is the matter? Snyas eyes fixed on him +seemed to ask. She noticed at once that something had happened to him. + +Nicholas turned away from her. Natsha too, with her quick instinct, +had instantly noticed her brothers condition. But, though she noticed +it, she was herself in such high spirits at that moment, so far from +sorrow, sadness, or self-reproach, that she purposely deceived herself +as young people often do. No, I am too happy now to spoil my +enjoyment by sympathy with anyones sorrow, she felt, and she said +to herself No, I must be mistaken, he must be feeling happy, just as +I am. + +Now, Snya! she said, going to the very middle of the room, where +she considered the resonance was best. + +Having lifted her head and let her arms droop lifelessly, as ballet +dancers do, Natsha, rising energetically from her heels to her toes, +stepped to the middle of the room and stood still. + +Yes, thats me! she seemed to say, answering the rapt gaze with +which Densov followed her. + +And what is she so pleased about? thought Nicholas, looking at his +sister. Why isnt she dull and ashamed? + +Natsha took the first note, her throat swelled, her chest rose, +her eyes became serious. At that moment she was oblivious of her +surroundings, and from her smiling lips flowed sounds which anyone may +produce at the same intervals and hold for the same time, but which +leave you cold a thousand times and the thousand and first time thrill +you and make you weep. + +Natsha, that winter, had for the first time begun to sing seriously, +mainly because Densov so delighted in her singing. She no longer sang +as a child, there was no longer in her singing that comical, childish, +painstaking effect that had been in it before but she did not yet sing +well, as all the connoisseurs who heard her said It is not trained, +but it is a beautiful voice that must be trained. Only they generally +said this some time after she had finished singing. While that untrained +voice, with its incorrect breathing and labored transitions, was +sounding, even the connoisseurs said nothing, but only delighted in +it and wished to hear it again. In her voice there was a virginal +freshness, an unconsciousness of her own powers, and an as yet untrained +velvety softness, which so mingled with her lack of art in singing that +it seemed as if nothing in that voice could be altered without spoiling +it. + +What is this? thought Nicholas, listening to her with widely +opened eyes. What has happened to her? How she is singing today! +And suddenly the whole world centered for him on anticipation of the +next note, the next phrase, and everything in the world was divided into +three beats Oh mio crudele affetto.... One, two, three... one, +two, three... One... Oh mio crudele affetto.... One, two, three... +One. Oh, this senseless life of ours! thought Nicholas. All +this misery, and money, and Dlokhov, and anger, and honorits all +nonsense... but this is real.... Now then, Natsha, now then, dearest! +Now then, darling! How will she take that si? Shes taken it! Thank +God! And without noticing that he was singing, to strengthen the si +he sung a second, a third below the high note. Ah, God! How fine! Did +I really take it? How fortunate! he thought. + +Oh, how that chord vibrated, and how moved was something that was finest +in Rostvs soul! And this something was apart from everything else +in the world and above everything in the world. What were losses, and +Dlokhov, and words of honor?... All nonsense! One might kill and rob +and yet be happy.... + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +It was long since Rostv had felt such enjoyment from music as he +did that day. But no sooner had Natsha finished her barcarolle than +reality again presented itself. He got up without saying a word and went +downstairs to his own room. A quarter of an hour later the old count +came in from his club, cheerful and contented. Nicholas, hearing him +drive up, went to meet him. + +Wellhad a good time? said the old count, smiling gaily and +proudly at his son. + +Nicholas tried to say Yes, but could not and he nearly burst into +sobs. The count was lighting his pipe and did not notice his sons +condition. + +Ah, it cant be avoided! thought Nicholas, for the first and +last time. And suddenly, in the most casual tone, which made him feel +ashamed of himself, he said, as if merely asking his father to let him +have the carriage to drive to town + +Papa, I have come on a matter of business. I was nearly forgetting. I +need some money. + +Dear me! said his father, who was in a specially good humor. I +told you it would not be enough. How much? + +Very much, said Nicholas flushing, and with a stupid careless +smile, for which he was long unable to forgive himself, I have lost a +little, I mean a good deal, a great dealforty three thousand. + +What! To whom?... Nonsense! cried the count, suddenly reddening +with an apoplectic flush over neck and nape as old people do. + +I promised to pay tomorrow, said Nicholas. + +Well!... said the old count, spreading out his arms and sinking +helplessly on the sofa. + +It cant be helped! It happens to everyone! said the son, with +a bold, free, and easy tone, while in his soul he regarded himself as a +worthless scoundrel whose whole life could not atone for his crime. He +longed to kiss his fathers hands and kneel to beg his forgiveness, +but said, in a careless and even rude voice, that it happens to +everyone! + +The old count cast down his eyes on hearing his sons words and began +bustlingly searching for something. + +Yes, yes, he muttered, it will be difficult, I fear, difficult +to raise... happens to everybody! Yes, who has not done it? + +And with a furtive glance at his sons face, the count went out of the +room.... Nicholas had been prepared for resistance, but had not at all +expected this. + +Papa! Pa-pa! he called after him, sobbing, forgive me! And +seizing his fathers hand, he pressed it to his lips and burst into +tears. + +While father and son were having their explanation, the mother and +daughter were having one not less important. Natsha came running to +her mother, quite excited. + +Mamma!... Mamma!... He has made me... + +Made what? + +Made, made me an offer, Mamma! Mamma! she exclaimed. + +The countess did not believe her ears. Densov had proposed. To whom? +To this chit of a girl, Natsha, who not so long ago was playing with +dolls and who was still having lessons. + +Dont, Natsha! What nonsense! she said, hoping it was a joke. + +Nonsense, indeed! I am telling you the fact, said Natsha +indignantly. I come to ask you what to do, and you call it +nonsense! + +The countess shrugged her shoulders. + +If it is true that Monsieur Densov has made you a proposal, tell +him he is a fool, thats all! + +No, hes not a fool! replied Natsha indignantly and seriously. + +Well then, what do you want? Youre all in love nowadays. Well, +if you are in love, marry him! said the countess, with a laugh of +annoyance. Good luck to you! + +No, Mamma, Im not in love with him, I suppose Im not in love +with him. + +Well then, tell him so. + +Mamma, are you cross? Dont be cross, dear! Is it my fault? + +No, but what is it, my dear? Do you want me to go and tell him? +said the countess smiling. + +No, I will do it myself, only tell me what to say. Its all very +well for you, said Natsha, with a responsive smile. You should +have seen how he said it! I know he did not mean to say it, but it came +out accidently. + +Well, all the same, you must refuse him. + +No, I mustnt. I am so sorry for him! Hes so nice. + +Well then, accept his offer. Its high time for you to be +married, answered the countess sharply and sarcastically. + +No, Mamma, but Im so sorry for him. I dont know how Im to +say it. + +And theres nothing for you to say. I shall speak to him myself, +said the countess, indignant that they should have dared to treat this +little Natsha as grown up. + +No, not on any account! I will tell him myself, and youll listen +at the door, and Natsha ran across the drawing room to the dancing +hall, where Densov was sitting on the same chair by the clavichord +with his face in his hands. + +He jumped up at the sound of her light step. + +Nataly, he said, moving with rapid steps toward her, decide my +fate. It is in your hands. + +Vasli Dmtrich, Im so sorry for you!... No, but you are so +nice... but it wont do...not that... but as a friend, I shall always +love you. + +Densov bent over her hand and she heard strange sounds she did not +understand. She kissed his rough curly black head. At this instant, they +heard the quick rustle of the countess dress. She came up to them. + +Vasli Dmtrich, I thank you for the honor, she said, with an +embarrassed voice, though it sounded severe to Densovbut my +daughter is so young, and I thought that, as my sons friend, you +would have addressed yourself first to me. In that case you would not +have obliged me to give this refusal. + +Countess... said Densov, with downcast eyes and a guilty face. +He tried to say more, but faltered. + +Natsha could not remain calm, seeing him in such a plight. She began +to sob aloud. + +Countess, I have done wong, Densov went on in an unsteady +voice, but believe me, I so adore your daughter and all your family +that I would give my life twice over... He looked at the countess, +and seeing her severe face said Well, good-by, Countess, and +kissing her hand, he left the room with quick resolute strides, without +looking at Natsha. + + +Next day Rostv saw Densov off. He did not wish to stay another +day in Moscow. All Densovs Moscow friends gave him a farewell +entertainment at the gypsies, with the result that he had no +recollection of how he was put in the sleigh or of the first three +stages of his journey. + +After Densovs departure, Rostv spent another fortnight in Moscow, +without going out of the house, waiting for the money his father could +not at once raise, and he spent most of his time in the girls room. + +Snya was more tender and devoted to him than ever. It was as if she +wanted to show him that his losses were an achievement that made her +love him all the more, but Nicholas now considered himself unworthy of +her. + +He filled the girls albums with verses and music, and having at last +sent Dlokhov the whole forty-three thousand rubles and received his +receipt, he left at the end of November, without taking leave of any of +his acquaintances, to overtake his regiment which was already in Poland. + + + + + +BOOK FIVE 1806 - 07 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +After his interview with his wife Pierre left for Petersburg. At the +Torzhk post station, either there were no horses or the postmaster +would not supply them. Pierre was obliged to wait. Without undressing, +he lay down on the leather sofa in front of a round table, put his big +feet in their overboots on the table, and began to reflect. + +Will you have the portmanteaus brought in? And a bed got ready, and +tea? asked his valet. + +Pierre gave no answer, for he neither heard nor saw anything. He had +begun to think of the last station and was still pondering on the same +questionone so important that he took no notice of what went +on around him. Not only was he indifferent as to whether he got to +Petersburg earlier or later, or whether he secured accommodation at this +station, but compared to the thoughts that now occupied him it was a +matter of indifference whether he remained there for a few hours or for +the rest of his life. + +The postmaster, his wife, the valet, and a peasant woman selling +Torzhk embroidery came into the room offering their services. +Without changing his careless attitude, Pierre looked at them over his +spectacles unable to understand what they wanted or how they could go on +living without having solved the problems that so absorbed him. He had +been engrossed by the same thoughts ever since the day he returned from +Soklniki after the duel and had spent that first agonizing, sleepless +night. But now, in the solitude of the journey, they seized him with +special force. No matter what he thought about, he always returned to +these same questions which he could not solve and yet could not cease to +ask himself. It was as if the thread of the chief screw which held his +life together were stripped, so that the screw could not get in or out, +but went on turning uselessly in the same place. + +The postmaster came in and began obsequiously to beg his excellency to +wait only two hours, when, come what might, he would let his excellency +have the courier horses. It was plain that he was lying and only wanted +to get more money from the traveler. + +Is this good or bad? Pierre asked himself. It is good for me, +bad for another traveler, and for himself its unavoidable, because +he needs money for food the man said an officer had once given him a +thrashing for letting a private traveler have the courier horses. +But the officer thrashed him because he had to get on as quickly as +possible. And I, continued Pierre, shot Dlokhov because I +considered myself injured, and Louis XVI was executed because they +considered him a criminal, and a year later they executed those who +executed himalso for some reason. What is bad? What is good? What +should one love and what hate? What does one live for? And what am I? +What is life, and what is death? What power governs all? + +There was no answer to any of these questions, except one, and that +not a logical answer and not at all a reply to them. The answer was +Youll die and all will end. Youll die and know all, or cease +asking. But dying was also dreadful. + +The Torzhk peddler woman, in a whining voice, went on offering her +wares, especially a pair of goatskin slippers. I have hundreds of +rubles I dont know what to do with, and she stands in her tattered +cloak looking timidly at me, he thought. And what does she +want the money for? As if that money could add a hairs breadth to +happiness or peace of mind. Can anything in the world make her or me +less a prey to evil and death?death which ends all and must come +today or tomorrowat any rate, in an instant as compared with +eternity. And again he twisted the screw with the stripped thread, +and again it turned uselessly in the same place. + +His servant handed him a half-cut novel, in the form of letters, by +Madame de Souza. He began reading about the sufferings and virtuous +struggles of a certain Emilie de Mansfeld. And why did she resist +her seducer when she loved him? he thought. God could not have put +into her heart an impulse that was against His will. My wifeas she +once wasdid not struggle, and perhaps she was right. Nothing has been +found out, nothing discovered, Pierre again said to himself. All +we can know is that we know nothing. And thats the height of human +wisdom. + +Everything within and around him seemed confused, senseless, and +repellent. Yet in this very repugnance to all his circumstances Pierre +found a kind of tantalizing satisfaction. + +I make bold to ask your excellency to move a little for this +gentleman, said the postmaster, entering the room followed by another +traveler, also detained for lack of horses. + +The newcomer was a short, large-boned, yellow-faced, wrinkled old +man, with gray bushy eyebrows overhanging bright eyes of an indefinite +grayish color. + +Pierre took his feet off the table, stood up, and lay down on a bed that +had been got ready for him, glancing now and then at the newcomer, who, +with a gloomy and tired face, was wearily taking off his wraps with the +aid of his servant, and not looking at Pierre. With a pair of felt boots +on his thin bony legs, and keeping on a worn, nankeen-covered, sheepskin +coat, the traveler sat down on the sofa, leaned back his big head with +its broad temples and close-cropped hair, and looked at Bezkhov. The +stern, shrewd, and penetrating expression of that look struck Pierre. He +felt a wish to speak to the stranger, but by the time he had made up his +mind to ask him a question about the roads, the traveler had closed his +eyes. His shriveled old hands were folded and on the finger of one of +them Pierre noticed a large cast iron ring with a seal representing a +deaths head. The stranger sat without stirring, either resting or, as +it seemed to Pierre, sunk in profound and calm meditation. His servant +was also a yellow, wrinkled old man, without beard or mustache, +evidently not because he was shaven but because they had never grown. +This active old servant was unpacking the travelers canteen and +preparing tea. He brought in a boiling samovar. When everything was +ready, the stranger opened his eyes, moved to the table, filled a +tumbler with tea for himself and one for the beardless old man to whom +he passed it. Pierre began to feel a sense of uneasiness, and the +need, even the inevitability, of entering into conversation with this +stranger. + +The servant brought back his tumbler turned upside down, * with an +unfinished bit of nibbled sugar, and asked if anything more would be +wanted. + + * To indicate he did not want more tea. + +No. Give me the book, said the stranger. + +The servant handed him a book which Pierre took to be a devotional work, +and the traveler became absorbed in it. Pierre looked at him. All at +once the stranger closed the book, putting in a marker, and again, +leaning with his arms on the back of the sofa, sat in his former +position with his eyes shut. Pierre looked at him and had not time +to turn away when the old man, opening his eyes, fixed his steady and +severe gaze straight on Pierres face. + +Pierre felt confused and wished to avoid that look, but the bright old +eyes attracted him irresistibly. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +I have the pleasure of addressing Count Bezkhov, if I am not +mistaken, said the stranger in a deliberate and loud voice. + +Pierre looked silently and inquiringly at him over his spectacles. + +I have heard of you, my dear sir, continued the stranger, and +of your misfortune. He seemed to emphasize the last word, as if to +sayYes, misfortune! Call it what you please, I know that what +happened to you in Moscow was a misfortune.I regret it very +much, my dear sir. + +Pierre flushed and, hurriedly putting his legs down from the bed, bent +forward toward the old man with a forced and timid smile. + +I have not referred to this out of curiosity, my dear sir, but for +greater reasons. + +He paused, his gaze still on Pierre, and moved aside on the sofa by way +of inviting the other to take a seat beside him. Pierre felt reluctant +to enter into conversation with this old man, but, submitting to him +involuntarily, came up and sat down beside him. + +You are unhappy, my dear sir, the stranger continued. You +are young and I am old. I should like to help you as far as lies in my +power. + +Oh, yes! said Pierre, with a forced smile. I am very grateful +to you. Where are you traveling from? + +The strangers face was not genial, it was even cold and severe, but +in spite of this, both the face and words of his new acquaintance were +irresistibly attractive to Pierre. + +But if for any reason you dont feel inclined to talk to me, +said the old man, say so, my dear sir. And he suddenly smiled, in +an unexpected and tenderly paternal way. + +Oh no, not at all! On the contrary, I am very glad to make your +acquaintance, said Pierre. And again, glancing at the strangers +hands, he looked more closely at the ring, with its skulla Masonic +sign. + +Allow me to ask, he said, are you a Mason? + +Yes, I belong to the Brotherhood of the Freemasons, said the +stranger, looking deeper and deeper into Pierres eyes. And in +their name and my own I hold out a brotherly hand to you. + +I am afraid, said Pierre, smiling, and wavering between the +confidence the personality of the Freemason inspired in him and his own +habit of ridiculing the Masonic beliefsI am afraid I am very far +from understandinghow am I to put it?I am afraid my way of looking +at the world is so opposed to yours that we shall not understand one +another. + +I know your outlook, said the Mason, and the view of life you +mention, and which you think is the result of your own mental efforts, +is the one held by the majority of people, and is the invariable fruit +of pride, indolence, and ignorance. Forgive me, my dear sir, but if I +had not known it I should not have addressed you. Your view of life is a +regrettable delusion. + +Just as I may suppose you to be deluded, said Pierre, with a faint +smile. + +I should never dare to say that I know the truth, said the Mason, +whose words struck Pierre more and more by their precision and firmness. +No one can attain to truth by himself. Only by laying stone on stone +with the cooperation of all, by the millions of generations from our +forefather Adam to our own times, is that temple reared which is to be +a worthy dwelling place of the Great God, he added, and closed his +eyes. + +I ought to tell you that I do not believe... do not believe in +God, said Pierre, regretfully and with an effort, feeling it +essential to speak the whole truth. + +The Mason looked intently at Pierre and smiled as a rich man with +millions in hand might smile at a poor fellow who told him that he, poor +man, had not the five rubles that would make him happy. + +Yes, you do not know Him, my dear sir, said the Mason. You +cannot know Him. You do not know Him and that is why you are unhappy. + +Yes, yes, I am unhappy, assented Pierre. But what am I to +do? + +You know Him not, my dear sir, and so you are very unhappy. You do +not know Him, but He is here, He is in me, He is in my words, He is in +thee, and even in those blasphemous words thou hast just uttered! +pronounced the Mason in a stern and tremulous voice. + +He paused and sighed, evidently trying to calm himself. + +If He were not, he said quietly, you and I would not be +speaking of Him, my dear sir. Of what, of whom, are we speaking? Whom +hast thou denied? he suddenly asked with exulting austerity and +authority in his voice. Who invented Him, if He did not exist? Whence +came thy conception of the existence of such an incomprehensible Being? +didst thou, and why did the whole world, conceive the idea of the +existence of such an incomprehensible Being, a Being all-powerful, +eternal, and infinite in all His attributes?... + +He stopped and remained silent for a long time. + +Pierre could not and did not wish to break this silence. + +He exists, but to understand Him is hard, the Mason began again, +looking not at Pierre but straight before him, and turning the leaves +of his book with his old hands which from excitement he could not keep +still. If it were a man whose existence thou didst doubt I could +bring him to thee, could take him by the hand and show him to thee. But +how can I, an insignificant mortal, show His omnipotence, His infinity, +and all His mercy to one who is blind, or who shuts his eyes that he may +not see or understand Him and may not see or understand his own vileness +and sinfulness? He paused again. Who art thou? Thou dreamest that +thou art wise because thou couldst utter those blasphemous words, he +went on, with a somber and scornful smile. And thou art more foolish +and unreasonable than a little child, who, playing with the parts of a +skillfully made watch, dares to say that, as he does not understand +its use, he does not believe in the master who made it. To know Him is +hard.... For ages, from our forefather Adam to our own day, we labor to +attain that knowledge and are still infinitely far from our aim but +in our lack of understanding we see only our weakness and His +greatness.... + +Pierre listened with swelling heart, gazing into the Masons face with +shining eyes, not interrupting or questioning him, but believing with +his whole soul what the stranger said. Whether he accepted the wise +reasoning contained in the Masons words, or believed as a child +believes, in the speakers tone of conviction and earnestness, or +the tremor of the speakers voicewhich sometimes almost brokeor +those brilliant aged eyes grown old in this conviction, or the calm +firmness and certainty of his vocation, which radiated from his whole +being (and which struck Pierre especially by contrast with his own +dejection and hopelessness)at any rate, Pierre longed with his whole +soul to believe and he did believe, and felt a joyful sense of comfort, +regeneration, and return to life. + +He is not to be apprehended by reason, but by life, said the +Mason. + +I do not understand, said Pierre, feeling with dismay doubts +reawakening. He was afraid of any want of clearness, any weakness, in +the Masons arguments he dreaded not to be able to believe in him. +I dont understand, he said, how it is that the mind of man +cannot attain the knowledge of which you speak. + +The Mason smiled with his gentle fatherly smile. + +The highest wisdom and truth are like the purest liquid we may wish +to imbibe, he said. Can I receive that pure liquid into an impure +vessel and judge of its purity? Only by the inner purification of myself +can I retain in some degree of purity the liquid I receive. + +Yes, yes, that is so, said Pierre joyfully. + +The highest wisdom is not founded on reason alone, not on those +worldly sciences of physics, history, chemistry, and the like, into +which intellectual knowledge is divided. The highest wisdom is one. +The highest wisdom has but one sciencethe science of the wholethe +science explaining the whole creation and mans place in it. To +receive that science it is necessary to purify and renew ones inner +self, and so before one can know, it is necessary to believe and to +perfect ones self. And to attain this end, we have the light called +conscience that God has implanted in our souls. + +Yes, yes, assented Pierre. + +Look then at thy inner self with the eyes of the spirit, and ask +thyself whether thou art content with thyself. What hast thou attained +relying on reason only? What art thou? You are young, you are rich, you +are clever, you are well educated. And what have you done with all these +good gifts? Are you content with yourself and with your life? + +No, I hate my life, Pierre muttered, wincing. + +Thou hatest it. Then change it, purify thyself and as thou art +purified, thou wilt gain wisdom. Look at your life, my dear sir. +How have you spent it? In riotous orgies and debauchery, receiving +everything from society and giving nothing in return. You have become +the possessor of wealth. How have you used it? What have you done +for your neighbor? Have you ever thought of your tens of thousands +of slaves? Have you helped them physically and morally? No! You have +profited by their toil to lead a profligate life. That is what you have +done. Have you chosen a post in which you might be of service to your +neighbor? No! You have spent your life in idleness. Then you married, my +dear sirtook on yourself responsibility for the guidance of a young +woman and what have you done? You have not helped her to find the way +of truth, my dear sir, but have thrust her into an abyss of deceit and +misery. A man offended you and you shot him, and you say you do not +know God and hate your life. There is nothing strange in that, my dear +sir! + +After these words, the Mason, as if tired by his long discourse, again +leaned his arms on the back of the sofa and closed his eyes. Pierre +looked at that aged, stern, motionless, almost lifeless face and moved +his lips without uttering a sound. He wished to say, Yes, a vile, +idle, vicious life! but dared not break the silence. + +The Mason cleared his throat huskily, as old men do, and called his +servant. + +How about the horses? he asked, without looking at Pierre. + +The exchange horses have just come, answered the servant. Will +you not rest here? + +No, tell them to harness. + +Can he really be going away leaving me alone without having told me +all, and without promising to help me? thought Pierre, rising with +downcast head and he began to pace the room, glancing occasionally at +the Mason. Yes, I never thought of it, but I have led a contemptible +and profligate life, though I did not like it and did not want to, +thought Pierre. But this man knows the truth and, if he wished to, +could disclose it to me. + +Pierre wished to say this to the Mason, but did not dare to. The +traveler, having packed his things with his practiced hands, began +fastening his coat. When he had finished, he turned to Bezkhov, and +said in a tone of indifferent politeness + +Where are you going to now, my dear sir? + +I?... Im going to Petersburg, answered Pierre, in a childlike, +hesitating voice. I thank you. I agree with all you have said. But +do not suppose me to be so bad. With my whole soul I wish to be what you +would have me be, but I have never had help from anyone.... But it is +I, above all, who am to blame for everything. Help me, teach me, and +perhaps I may... + +Pierre could not go on. He gulped and turned away. + +The Mason remained silent for a long time, evidently considering. + +Help comes from God alone, he said, but such measure of help as +our Order can bestow it will render you, my dear sir. You are going to +Petersburg. Hand this to Count Willarski (he took out his notebook +and wrote a few words on a large sheet of paper folded in four). +Allow me to give you a piece of advice. When you reach the capital, +first of all devote some time to solitude and self-examination and do +not resume your former way of life. And now I wish you a good journey, +my dear sir, he added, seeing that his servant had entered... and +success. + +The traveler was Joseph Alexevich Bazdev, as Pierre saw from the +postmasters book. Bazdev had been one of the best-known Freemasons +and Martinists, even in Novkovs time. For a long while after he had +gone, Pierre did not go to bed or order horses but paced up and down +the room, pondering over his vicious past, and with a rapturous sense +of beginning anew pictured to himself the blissful, irreproachable, +virtuous future that seemed to him so easy. It seemed to him that he had +been vicious only because he had somehow forgotten how good it is to +be virtuous. Not a trace of his former doubts remained in his soul. He +firmly believed in the possibility of the brotherhood of men united in +the aim of supporting one another in the path of virtue, and that is how +Freemasonry presented itself to him. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +On reaching Petersburg Pierre did not let anyone know of his arrival, +he went nowhere and spent whole days in reading Thomas Kempis, whose +book had been sent him by someone unknown. One thing he continually +realized as he read that book the joy, hitherto unknown to him, +of believing in the possibility of attaining perfection, and in the +possibility of active brotherly love among men, which Joseph Alexevich +had revealed to him. A week after his arrival, the young Polish count, +Willarski, whom Pierre had known slightly in Petersburg society, came +into his room one evening in the official and ceremonious manner in +which Dlokhovs second had called on him, and, having closed the +door behind him and satisfied himself that there was nobody else in the +room, addressed Pierre. + +I have come to you with a message and an offer, Count, he +said without sitting down. A person of very high standing in our +Brotherhood has made application for you to be received into our Order +before the usual term and has proposed to me to be your sponsor. I +consider it a sacred duty to fulfill that persons wishes. Do you wish +to enter the Brotherhood of Freemasons under my sponsorship? + +The cold, austere tone of this man, whom he had almost always before met +at balls, amiably smiling in the society of the most brilliant women, +surprised Pierre. + +Yes, I do wish it, said he. + +Willarski bowed his head. + +One more question, Count, he said, which I beg you to answer +in all sinceritynot as a future Mason but as an honest man have you +renounced your former convictionsdo you believe in God? + +Pierre considered. + +Yes... yes, I believe in God, he said. + +In that case... began Willarski, but Pierre interrupted him. + +Yes, I do believe in God, he repeated. + +In that case we can go, said Willarski. My carriage is at your +service. + +Willarski was silent throughout the drive. To Pierres inquiries as +to what he must do and how he should answer, Willarski only replied that +brothers more worthy than he would test him and that Pierre had only to +tell the truth. + +Having entered the courtyard of a large house where the Lodge had its +headquarters, and having ascended a dark staircase, they entered a small +well-lit anteroom where they took off their cloaks without the aid of +a servant. From there they passed into another room. A man in strange +attire appeared at the door. Willarski, stepping toward him, said +something to him in French in an undertone and then went up to a small +wardrobe in which Pierre noticed garments such as he had never seen +before. Having taken a kerchief from the cupboard, Willarski bound +Pierres eyes with it and tied it in a knot behind, catching some +hairs painfully in the knot. Then he drew his face down, kissed him, and +taking him by the hand led him forward. The hairs tied in the knot hurt +Pierre and there were lines of pain on his face and a shamefaced smile. +His huge figure, with arms hanging down and with a puckered, though +smiling face, moved after Willarski with uncertain, timid steps. + +Having led him about ten paces, Willarski stopped. + +Whatever happens to you, he said, you must bear it all manfully +if you have firmly resolved to join our Brotherhood. (Pierre nodded +affirmatively.) When you hear a knock at the door, you will uncover +your eyes, added Willarski. I wish you courage and success, +and, pressing Pierres hand, he went out. + +Left alone, Pierre went on smiling in the same way. Once or twice +he shrugged his shoulders and raised his hand to the kerchief, as if +wishing to take it off, but let it drop again. The five minutes spent +with his eyes bandaged seemed to him an hour. His arms felt numb, +his legs almost gave way, it seemed to him that he was tired out. He +experienced a variety of most complex sensations. He felt afraid of what +would happen to him and still more afraid of showing his fear. He felt +curious to know what was going to happen and what would be revealed to +him but most of all, he felt joyful that the moment had come when he +would at last start on that path of regeneration and on the actively +virtuous life of which he had been dreaming since he met Joseph +Alexevich. Loud knocks were heard at the door. Pierre took the bandage +off his eyes and glanced around him. The room was in black darkness, +only a small lamp was burning inside something white. Pierre went nearer +and saw that the lamp stood on a black table on which lay an open book. +The book was the Gospel, and the white thing with the lamp inside was a +human skull with its cavities and teeth. After reading the first words +of the Gospel In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with +God, Pierre went round the table and saw a large open box filled +with something. It was a coffin with bones inside. He was not at all +surprised by what he saw. Hoping to enter on an entirely new life quite +unlike the old one, he expected everything to be unusual, even more +unusual than what he was seeing. A skull, a coffin, the Gospelit +seemed to him that he had expected all this and even more. Trying +to stimulate his emotions he looked around. God, death, love, the +brotherhood of man, he kept saying to himself, associating these +words with vague yet joyful ideas. The door opened and someone came in. + +By the dim light, to which Pierre had already become accustomed, he +saw a rather short man. Having evidently come from the light into the +darkness, the man paused, then moved with cautious steps toward the +table and placed on it his small leather-gloved hands. + +This short man had on a white leather apron which covered his chest and +part of his legs he had on a kind of necklace above which rose a high +white ruffle, outlining his rather long face which was lit up from +below. + +For what have you come hither? asked the newcomer, turning in +Pierres direction at a slight rustle made by the latter. Why have +you, who do not believe in the truth of the light and who have not +seen the light, come here? What do you seek from us? Wisdom, virtue, +enlightenment? + +At the moment the door opened and the stranger came in, Pierre felt a +sense of awe and veneration such as he had experienced in his boyhood at +confession he felt himself in the presence of one socially a complete +stranger, yet nearer to him through the brotherhood of man. With bated +breath and beating heart he moved toward the Rhetor (by which name the +brother who prepared a seeker for entrance into the Brotherhood was +known). Drawing nearer, he recognized in the Rhetor a man he knew, +Smolyannov, and it mortified him to think that the newcomer was an +acquaintancehe wished him simply a brother and a virtuous instructor. +For a long time he could not utter a word, so that the Rhetor had to +repeat his question. + +Yes... I... I... desire regeneration, Pierre uttered with +difficulty. + +Very well, said Smolyannov, and went on at once Have you any +idea of the means by which our holy Order will help you to reach your +aim? said he quietly and quickly. + +I... hope... for guidance... help... in regeneration, said Pierre, +with a trembling voice and some difficulty in utterance due to his +excitement and to being unaccustomed to speak of abstract matters in +Russian. + +What is your conception of Freemasonry? + +I imagine that Freemasonry is the fraternity and equality of men who +have virtuous aims, said Pierre, feeling ashamed of the inadequacy +of his words for the solemnity of the moment, as he spoke. I +imagine... + +Good! said the Rhetor quickly, apparently satisfied with +this answer. Have you sought for means of attaining your aim in +religion? + +No, I considered it erroneous and did not follow it, said Pierre, +so softly that the Rhetor did not hear him and asked him what he was +saying. I have been an atheist, answered Pierre. + +You are seeking for truth in order to follow its laws in your life, +therefore you seek wisdom and virtue. Is that not so? said the +Rhetor, after a moments pause. + +Yes, yes, assented Pierre. + +The Rhetor cleared his throat, crossed his gloved hands on his breast, +and began to speak. + +Now I must disclose to you the chief aim of our Order, he said, +and if this aim coincides with yours, you may enter our Brotherhood +with profit. The first and chief object of our Order, the foundation on +which it rests and which no human power can destroy, is the preservation +and handing on to posterity of a certain important mystery... which +has come down to us from the remotest ages, even from the first mana +mystery on which perhaps the fate of mankind depends. But since this +mystery is of such a nature that nobody can know or use it unless he be +prepared by long and diligent self-purification, not everyone can hope +to attain it quickly. Hence we have a secondary aim, that of preparing +our members as much as possible to reform their hearts, to purify and +enlighten their minds, by means handed on to us by tradition from those +who have striven to attain this mystery, and thereby to render them +capable of receiving it. + +By purifying and regenerating our members we try, thirdly, to improve +the whole human race, offering it in our members an example of piety +and virtue, and thereby try with all our might to combat the evil which +sways the world. Think this over and I will come to you again. + +To combat the evil which sways the world... Pierre repeated, and a +mental image of his future activity in this direction rose in his mind. +He imagined men such as he had himself been a fortnight ago, and he +addressed an edifying exhortation to them. He imagined to himself +vicious and unfortunate people whom he would assist by word and deed, +imagined oppressors whose victims he would rescue. Of the three +objects mentioned by the Rhetor, this last, that of improving mankind, +especially appealed to Pierre. The important mystery mentioned by the +Rhetor, though it aroused his curiosity, did not seem to him essential, +and the second aim, that of purifying and regenerating himself, did not +much interest him because at that moment he felt with delight that he +was already perfectly cured of his former faults and was ready for all +that was good. + +Half an hour later, the Rhetor returned to inform the seeker of the +seven virtues, corresponding to the seven steps of Solomons temple, +which every Freemason should cultivate in himself. These virtues were +1. Discretion, the keeping of the secrets of the Order. 2. Obedience to +those of higher ranks in the Order. 3. Morality. 4. Love of mankind. 5. +Courage. 6. Generosity. 7. The love of death. + +In the seventh place, try, by the frequent thought of death, the +Rhetor said, to bring yourself to regard it not as a dreaded foe, but +as a friend that frees the soul grown weary in the labors of virtue +from this distressful life, and leads it to its place of recompense and +peace. + +Yes, that must be so, thought Pierre, when after these words the +Rhetor went away, leaving him to solitary meditation. It must be so, +but I am still so weak that I love my life, the meaning of which is only +now gradually opening before me. But five of the other virtues which +Pierre recalled, counting them on his fingers, he felt already in his +soul courage, generosity, morality, love of mankind, and especially +obediencewhich did not even seem to him a virtue, but a joy. (He now +felt so glad to be free from his own lawlessness and to submit his will +to those who knew the indubitable truth.) He forgot what the seventh +virtue was and could not recall it. + +The third time the Rhetor came back more quickly and asked Pierre +whether he was still firm in his intention and determined to submit to +all that would be required of him. + +I am ready for everything, said Pierre. + +I must also inform you, said the Rhetor, that our Order +delivers its teaching not in words only but also by other means, which +may perhaps have a stronger effect on the sincere seeker after wisdom +and virtue than mere words. This chamber with what you see therein +should already have suggested to your heart, if it is sincere, more than +words could do. You will perhaps also see in your further initiation a +like method of enlightenment. Our Order imitates the ancient societies +that explained their teaching by hieroglyphics. A hieroglyph, said +the Rhetor, is an emblem of something not cognizable by the senses +but which possesses qualities resembling those of the symbol. + +Pierre knew very well what a hieroglyph was, but dared not speak. He +listened to the Rhetor in silence, feeling from all he said that his +ordeal was about to begin. + +If you are resolved, I must begin your initiation, said the Rhetor +coming closer to Pierre. In token of generosity I ask you to give me +all your valuables. + +But I have nothing here, replied Pierre, supposing that he was +asked to give up all he possessed. + +What you have with you watch, money, rings.... + +Pierre quickly took out his purse and watch, but could not manage for +some time to get the wedding ring off his fat finger. When that had been +done, the Rhetor said + +In token of obedience, I ask you to undress. + +Pierre took off his coat, waistcoat, and left boot according to the +Rhetors instructions. The Mason drew the shirt back from Pierres +left breast, and stooping down pulled up the left leg of his trousers +to above the knee. Pierre hurriedly began taking off his right boot also +and was going to tuck up the other trouser leg to save this stranger the +trouble, but the Mason told him that was not necessary and gave him +a slipper for his left foot. With a childlike smile of embarrassment, +doubt, and self-derision, which appeared on his face against his will, +Pierre stood with his arms hanging down and legs apart, before his +brother Rhetor, and awaited his further commands. + +And now, in token of candor, I ask you to reveal to me your chief +passion, said the latter. + +My passion! I have had so many, replied Pierre. + +That passion which more than all others caused you to waver on the +path of virtue, said the Mason. + +Pierre paused, seeking a reply. + +Wine? Gluttony? Idleness? Laziness? Irritability? Anger? Women? +He went over his vices in his mind, not knowing to which of them to give +the pre-eminence. + +Women, he said in a low, scarcely audible voice. + +The Mason did not move and for a long time said nothing after this +answer. At last he moved up to Pierre and, taking the kerchief that lay +on the table, again bound his eyes. + +For the last time I say to youturn all your attention upon +yourself, put a bridle on your senses, and seek blessedness, not in +passion but in your own heart. The source of blessedness is not without +us but within.... + +Pierre had already long been feeling in himself that refreshing source +of blessedness which now flooded his heart with glad emotion. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Soon after this there came into the dark chamber to fetch Pierre, not +the Rhetor but Pierres sponsor, Willarski, whom he recognized by his +voice. To fresh questions as to the firmness of his resolution Pierre +replied Yes, yes, I agree, and with a beaming, childlike smile, +his fat chest uncovered, stepping unevenly and timidly in one slippered +and one booted foot, he advanced, while Willarski held a sword to his +bare chest. He was conducted from that room along passages that turned +backwards and forwards and was at last brought to the doors of the +Lodge. Willarski coughed, he was answered by the Masonic knock with +mallets, the doors opened before them. A bass voice (Pierre was still +blindfolded) questioned him as to who he was, when and where he was +born, and so on. Then he was again led somewhere still blindfolded, +and as they went along he was told allegories of the toils of his +pilgrimage, of holy friendship, of the Eternal Architect of the +universe, and of the courage with which he should endure toils and +dangers. During these wanderings, Pierre noticed that he was spoken +of now as the Seeker, now as the Sufferer, and now as the +Postulant, to the accompaniment of various knockings with +mallets and swords. As he was being led up to some object he noticed a +hesitation and uncertainty among his conductors. He heard those around +him disputing in whispers and one of them insisting that he should be +led along a certain carpet. After that they took his right hand, placed +it on something, and told him to hold a pair of compasses to his left +breast with the other hand and to repeat after someone who read aloud +an oath of fidelity to the laws of the Order. The candles were then +extinguished and some spirit lighted, as Pierre knew by the smell, and +he was told that he would now see the lesser light. The bandage was +taken off his eyes and, by the faint light of the burning spirit, +Pierre, as in a dream, saw several men standing before him, wearing +aprons like the Rhetors and holding swords in their hands pointed at +his breast. Among them stood a man whose white shirt was stained with +blood. On seeing this, Pierre moved forward with his breast toward the +swords, meaning them to pierce it. But the swords were drawn back from +him and he was at once blindfolded again. + +Now thou hast seen the lesser light, uttered a voice. Then the +candles were relit and he was told that he would see the full light the +bandage was again removed and more than ten voices said together Sic +transit gloria mundi. + +Pierre gradually began to recover himself and looked about at the room +and at the people in it. Round a long table covered with black sat some +twelve men in garments like those he had already seen. Some of them +Pierre had met in Petersburg society. In the Presidents chair sat a +young man he did not know, with a peculiar cross hanging from his +neck. On his right sat the Italian abb whom Pierre had met at +Anna Pvlovnas two years before. There were also present a very +distinguished dignitary and a Swiss who had formerly been tutor at the +Kurgins. All maintained a solemn silence, listening to the words +of the President, who held a mallet in his hand. Let into the wall was +a star-shaped light. At one side of the table was a small carpet with +various figures worked upon it, at the other was something resembling an +altar on which lay a Testament and a skull. Round it stood seven large +candlesticks like those used in churches. Two of the brothers led Pierre +up to the altar, placed his feet at right angles, and bade him lie down, +saying that he must prostrate himself at the Gates of the Temple. + +He must first receive the trowel, whispered one of the brothers. + +Oh, hush, please! said another. + +Pierre, perplexed, looked round with his shortsighted eyes without +obeying, and suddenly doubts arose in his mind. Where am I? What am +I doing? Arent they laughing at me? Shant I be ashamed to remember +this? But these doubts only lasted a moment. Pierre glanced at +the serious faces of those around, remembered all he had already gone +through, and realized that he could not stop halfway. He was aghast +at his hesitation and, trying to arouse his former devotional feeling, +prostrated himself before the Gates of the Temple. And really, the +feeling of devotion returned to him even more strongly than before. When +he had lain there some time, he was told to get up, and a white leather +apron, such as the others wore, was put on him he was given a trowel +and three pairs of gloves, and then the Grand Master addressed him. He +told him that he should try to do nothing to stain the whiteness of that +apron, which symbolized strength and purity then of the unexplained +trowel, he told him to toil with it to cleanse his own heart from vice, +and indulgently to smooth with it the heart of his neighbor. As to the +first pair of gloves, a mans, he said that Pierre could not know +their meaning but must keep them. The second pair of mans gloves +he was to wear at the meetings, and finally of the third, a pair of +womens gloves, he said Dear brother, these womans gloves are +intended for you too. Give them to the woman whom you shall honor most +of all. This gift will be a pledge of your purity of heart to her whom +you select to be your worthy helpmeet in Masonry. And after a pause, +he added But beware, dear brother, that these gloves do not deck +hands that are unclean. While the Grand Master said these last words +it seemed to Pierre that he grew embarrassed. Pierre himself grew still +more confused, blushed like a child till tears came to his eyes, began +looking about him uneasily, and an awkward pause followed. + +This silence was broken by one of the brethren, who led Pierre up to the +rug and began reading to him from a manuscript book an explanation of +all the figures on it the sun, the moon, a hammer, a plumb line, a +trowel, a rough stone and a squared stone, a pillar, three windows, and +so on. Then a place was assigned to Pierre, he was shown the signs of +the Lodge, told the password, and at last was permitted to sit down. +The Grand Master began reading the statutes. They were very long, and +Pierre, from joy, agitation, and embarrassment, was not in a state to +understand what was being read. He managed to follow only the last words +of the statutes and these remained in his mind. + +In our temples we recognize no other distinctions, read the Grand +Master, but those between virtue and vice. Beware of making any +distinctions which may infringe equality. Fly to a brothers aid +whoever he may be, exhort him who goeth astray, raise him that falleth, +never bear malice or enmity toward thy brother. Be kindly and courteous. +Kindle in all hearts the flame of virtue. Share thy happiness with thy +neighbor, and may envy never dim the purity of that bliss. Forgive thy +enemy, do not avenge thyself except by doing him good. Thus fulfilling +the highest law thou shalt regain traces of the ancient dignity which +thou hast lost. + +He finished and, getting up, embraced and kissed Pierre, who, with tears +of joy in his eyes, looked round him, not knowing how to answer the +congratulations and greetings from acquaintances that met him on all +sides. He acknowledged no acquaintances but saw in all these men only +brothers, and burned with impatience to set to work with them. + +The Grand Master rapped with his mallet. All the Masons sat down in +their places, and one of them read an exhortation on the necessity of +humility. + +The Grand Master proposed that the last duty should be performed, +and the distinguished dignitary who bore the title of Collector +of Alms went round to all the brothers. Pierre would have liked +to subscribe all he had, but fearing that it might look like pride +subscribed the same amount as the others. + +The meeting was at an end, and on reaching home Pierre felt as if he had +returned from a long journey on which he had spent dozens of years, had +become completely changed, and had quite left behind his former habits +and way of life. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +The day after he had been received into the Lodge, Pierre was sitting at +home reading a book and trying to fathom the significance of the Square, +one side of which symbolized God, another moral things, a third +physical things, and the fourth a combination of these. Now and then +his attention wandered from the book and the Square and he formed in +imagination a new plan of life. On the previous evening at the Lodge, he +had heard that a rumor of his duel had reached the Emperor and that it +would be wiser for him to leave Petersburg. Pierre proposed going to his +estates in the south and there attending to the welfare of his serfs. +He was joyfully planning this new life, when Prince Vasli suddenly +entered the room. + +My dear fellow, what have you been up to in Moscow? Why have you +quarreled with Hlne, mon cher? You are under a delusion, said +Prince Vasli, as he entered. I know all about it, and I can tell +you positively that Hlne is as innocent before you as Christ was +before the Jews. + +Pierre was about to reply, but Prince Vasli interrupted him. + +And why didnt you simply come straight to me as to a friend? I +know all about it and understand it all, he said. You behaved as +becomes a man who values his honor, perhaps too hastily, but we wont +go into that. But consider the position in which you are placing her and +me in the eyes of society, and even of the court, he added, lowering +his voice. She is living in Moscow and you are here. Remember, +dear boy, and he drew Pierres arm downwards, it is simply a +misunderstanding. I expect you feel it so yourself. Let us write her +a letter at once, and shell come here and all will be explained, or +else, my dear boy, let me tell you its quite likely youll have to +suffer for it. + +Prince Vasli gave Pierre a significant look. + +I know from reliable sources that the Dowager Empress is taking a +keen interest in the whole affair. You know she is very gracious to +Hlne. + +Pierre tried several times to speak, but, on one hand, Prince Vasli +did not let him and, on the other, Pierre himself feared to begin to +speak in the tone of decided refusal and disagreement in which he had +firmly resolved to answer his father-in-law. Moreover, the words of the +Masonic statutes, be kindly and courteous, recurred to him. He +blinked, went red, got up and sat down again, struggling with himself +to do what was for him the most difficult thing in lifeto say an +unpleasant thing to a mans face, to say what the other, whoever +he might be, did not expect. He was so used to submitting to Prince +Vaslis tone of careless self-assurance that he felt he would be +unable to withstand it now, but he also felt that on what he said now +his future dependedwhether he would follow the same old road, or that +new path so attractively shown him by the Masons, on which he firmly +believed he would be reborn to a new life. + +Now, dear boy, said Prince Vasli playfully, say yes, +and Ill write to her myself, and we will kill the fatted calf. + +But before Prince Vasli had finished his playful speech, Pierre, +without looking at him, and with a kind of fury that made him like his +father, muttered in a whisper + +Prince, I did not ask you here. Go, please go! And he jumped up +and opened the door for him. + +Go! he repeated, amazed at himself and glad to see the look of +confusion and fear that showed itself on Prince Vaslis face. + +Whats the matter with you? Are you ill? + +Go! the quivering voice repeated. And Prince Vasli had to go +without receiving any explanation. + +A week later, Pierre, having taken leave of his new friends, the Masons, +and leaving large sums of money with them for alms, went away to his +estates. His new brethren gave him letters to the Kiev and Odessa Masons +and promised to write to him and guide him in his new activity. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +The duel between Pierre and Dlokhov was hushed up and, in spite of +the Emperors severity regarding duels at that time, neither the +principals nor their seconds suffered for it. But the story of the duel, +confirmed by Pierres rupture with his wife, was the talk of society. +Pierre who had been regarded with patronizing condescension when he was +an illegitimate son, and petted and extolled when he was the best +match in Russia, had sunk greatly in the esteem of society after his +marriagewhen the marriageable daughters and their mothers had nothing +to hope from himespecially as he did not know how, and did not +wish, to court societys favor. Now he alone was blamed for what had +happened, he was said to be insanely jealous and subject like his +father to fits of bloodthirsty rage. And when after Pierres +departure Hlne returned to Petersburg, she was received by all her +acquaintances not only cordially, but even with a shade of deference +due to her misfortune. When conversation turned on her husband Hlne +assumed a dignified expression, which with characteristic tact she had +acquired though she did not understand its significance. This expression +suggested that she had resolved to endure her troubles uncomplainingly +and that her husband was a cross laid upon her by God. Prince Vasli +expressed his opinion more openly. He shrugged his shoulders when Pierre +was mentioned and, pointing to his forehead, remarked + +A bit touchedI always said so. + +I said from the first, declared Anna Pvlovna referring to +Pierre, I said at the time and before anyone else (she insisted +on her priority) that that senseless young man was spoiled by the +depraved ideas of these days. I said so even at the time when everybody +was in raptures about him, when he had just returned from abroad, and +when, if you remember, he posed as a sort of Marat at one of my soirees. +And how has it ended? I was against this marriage even then and foretold +all that has happened. + +Anna Pvlovna continued to give on free evenings the same kind of +soirees as beforesuch as she alone had the gift of arrangingat +which was to be found the cream of really good society, the bloom +of the intellectual essence of Petersburg, as she herself put it. +Besides this refined selection of society Anna Pvlovnas receptions +were also distinguished by the fact that she always presented some new +and interesting person to the visitors and that nowhere else was the +state of the political thermometer of legitimate Petersburg court +society so dearly and distinctly indicated. + +Toward the end of 1806, when all the sad details of Napoleons +destruction of the Prussian army at Jena and Auerstdt and the +surrender of most of the Prussian fortresses had been received, when our +troops had already entered Prussia and our second war with Napoleon +was beginning, Anna Pvlovna gave one of her soirees. The cream of +really good society consisted of the fascinating Hlne, forsaken +by her husband, Mortemart, the delightful Prince Hippolyte who had +just returned from Vienna, two diplomatists, the old aunt, a young man +referred to in that drawing room as a man of great merit (un homme +de beaucoup de mrite), a newly appointed maid of honor and her mother, +and several other less noteworthy persons. + +The novelty Anna Pvlovna was setting before her guests that evening +was Bors Drubetsky, who had just arrived as a special messenger from +the Prussian army and was aide-de-camp to a very important personage. + +The temperature shown by the political thermometer to the company that +evening was this + +Whatever the European sovereigns and commanders may do to +countenance Bonaparte, and to cause me, and us in general, annoyance and +mortification, our opinion of Bonaparte cannot alter. We shall not cease +to express our sincere views on that subject, and can only say to the +King of Prussia and others So much the worse for you. Tu las +voulu, George Dandin, thats all we have to say about it! + +When Bors, who was to be served up to the guests, entered the drawing +room, almost all the company had assembled, and the conversation, guided +by Anna Pvlovna, was about our diplomatic relations with Austria and +the hope of an alliance with her. + +Bors, grown more manly and looking fresh, rosy and self-possessed, +entered the drawing room elegantly dressed in the uniform of an +aide-de-camp and was duly conducted to pay his respects to the aunt and +then brought back to the general circle. + +Anna Pvlovna gave him her shriveled hand to kiss and introduced him to +several persons whom he did not know, giving him a whispered description +of each. + +Prince Hippolyte Kurgincharming young fellow M. +Kronq,charg daffaires from Copenhagena profound intellect, +and simply, Mr. Shtova man of great meritthis of the man +usually so described. + +Thanks to Anna Mikhylovnas efforts, his own tastes, and the +peculiarities of his reserved nature, Bors had managed during his +service to place himself very advantageously. He was aide-de-camp to a +very important personage, had been sent on a very important mission to +Prussia, and had just returned from there as a special messenger. He had +become thoroughly conversant with that unwritten code with which he had +been so pleased at Olmtz and according to which an ensign might rank +incomparably higher than a general, and according to which what was +needed for success in the service was not effort or work, or courage, or +perseverance, but only the knowledge of how to get on with those who can +grant rewards, and he was himself often surprised at the rapidity of his +success and at the inability of others to understand these things. +In consequence of this discovery his whole manner of life, all +his relations with old friends, all his plans for his future, were +completely altered. He was not rich, but would spend his last groat to +be better dressed than others, and would rather deprive himself of many +pleasures than allow himself to be seen in a shabby equipage or appear +in the streets of Petersburg in an old uniform. He made friends with +and sought the acquaintance of only those above him in position and +who could therefore be of use to him. He liked Petersburg and despised +Moscow. The remembrance of the Rostvs house and of his childish +love for Natsha was unpleasant to him and he had not once been to see +the Rostvs since the day of his departure for the army. To be in Anna +Pvlovnas drawing room he considered an important step up in the +service, and he at once understood his role, letting his hostess make +use of whatever interest he had to offer. He himself carefully scanned +each face, appraising the possibilities of establishing intimacy with +each of those present, and the advantages that might accrue. He took +the seat indicated to him beside the fair Hlne and listened to the +general conversation. + +Vienna considers the bases of the proposed treaty so unattainable +that not even a continuity of most brilliant successes would secure +them, and she doubts the means we have of gaining them. That is the +actual phrase used by the Vienna cabinet, said the Danish charg +daffaires. + +The doubt is flattering, said the man of profound intellect, +with a subtle smile. + +We must distinguish between the Vienna cabinet and the Emperor of +Austria, said Mortemart. The Emperor of Austria can never have +thought of such a thing, it is only the cabinet that says it. + +Ah, my dear vicomte, put in Anna Pvlovna, LUrope (for +some reason she called it Urope as if that were a specially refined +French pronunciation which she could allow herself when conversing with +a Frenchman), LUrope ne sera jamais notre allie sincre. * + + * Europe will never be our sincere ally. + + +After that Anna Pvlovna led up to the courage and firmness of the King +of Prussia, in order to draw Bors into the conversation. + +Bors listened attentively to each of the speakers, awaiting his turn, +but managed meanwhile to look round repeatedly at his neighbor, the +beautiful Hlne, whose eyes several times met those of the handsome +young aide-de-camp with a smile. + +Speaking of the position of Prussia, Anna Pvlovna very naturally asked +Bors to tell them about his journey to Glogau and in what state he +found the Prussian army. Bors, speaking with deliberation, told them +in pure, correct French many interesting details about the armies and +the court, carefully abstaining from expressing an opinion of his +own about the facts he was recounting. For some time he engrossed the +general attention, and Anna Pvlovna felt that the novelty she had +served up was received with pleasure by all her visitors. The greatest +attention of all to Bors narrative was shown by Hlne. She asked +him several questions about his journey and seemed greatly interested in +the state of the Prussian army. As soon as he had finished she turned to +him with her usual smile. + +You absolutely must come and see me, she said in a tone that +implied that, for certain considerations he could not know of, this was +absolutely necessary. + +On Tuesday between eight and nine. It will give me great pleasure. + +Bors promised to fulfill her wish and was about to begin a +conversation with her, when Anna Pvlovna called him away on the +pretext that her aunt wished to hear him. + +You know her husband, of course? said Anna Pvlovna, closing her +eyes and indicating Hlne with a sorrowful gesture. Ah, she is +such an unfortunate and charming woman! Dont mention him before +herplease dont! It is too painful for her! + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +When Bors and Anna Pvlovna returned to the others Prince Hippolyte +had the ear of the company. + +Bending forward in his armchair he said Le Roi de Prusse! and +having said this laughed. Everyone turned toward him. + +Le Roi de Prusse? Hippolyte said interrogatively, again laughing, +and then calmly and seriously sat back in his chair. Anna Pvlovna +waited for him to go on, but as he seemed quite decided to say no more +she began to tell of how at Potsdam the impious Bonaparte had stolen the +sword of Frederick the Great. + +It is the sword of Frederick the Great which I... she began, but +Hippolyte interrupted her with the words Le Roi de Prusse... and +again, as soon as all turned toward him, excused himself and said no +more. + +Anna Pvlovna frowned. Mortemart, Hippolytes friend, addressed him +firmly. + +Come now, what about your Roi de Prusse? + +Hippolyte laughed as if ashamed of laughing. + +Oh, its nothing. I only wished to say... (he wanted to repeat +a joke he had heard in Vienna and which he had been trying all that +evening to get in) I only wished to say that we are wrong to fight +pour le Roi de Prusse! + +Bors smiled circumspectly, so that it might be taken as ironical +or appreciative according to the way the joke was received. Everybody +laughed. + +Your joke is too bad, its witty but unjust, said Anna +Pvlovna, shaking her little shriveled finger at him. + +We are not fighting pour le Roi de Prusse, but for right principles. +Oh, that wicked Prince Hippolyte! she said. + +The conversation did not flag all evening and turned chiefly on the +political news. It became particularly animated toward the end of the +evening when the rewards bestowed by the Emperor were mentioned. + +You know N N received a snuffbox with the portrait last +year? said the man of profound intellect. Why shouldnt +S S get the same distinction? + +Pardon me! A snuffbox with the Emperors portrait is a reward but +not a distinction, said the diplomatista gift, rather. + +There are precedents, I may mention Schwarzenberg. + +Its impossible, replied another. + +Will you bet? The ribbon of the order is a different matter.... + +When everybody rose to go, Hlne who had spoken very little all +the evening again turned to Bors, asking him in a tone of caressing +significant command to come to her on Tuesday. + +It is of great importance to me, she said, turning with a smile +toward Anna Pvlovna, and Anna Pvlovna, with the same sad smile with +which she spoke of her exalted patroness, supported Hlnes wish. + +It seemed as if from some words Bors had spoken that evening about the +Prussian army, Hlne had suddenly found it necessary to see him. +She seemed to promise to explain that necessity to him when he came on +Tuesday. + +But on Tuesday evening, having come to Hlnes splendid salon, +Bors received no clear explanation of why it had been necessary for +him to come. There were other guests and the countess talked little to +him, and only as he kissed her hand on taking leave said unexpectedly +and in a whisper, with a strangely unsmiling face Come to dinner +tomorrow... in the evening. You must come.... Come! + +During that stay in Petersburg, Bors became an intimate in the +countess house. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +The war was flaming up and nearing the Russian frontier. Everywhere one +heard curses on Bonaparte, the enemy of mankind. Militiamen and +recruits were being enrolled in the villages, and from the seat of +war came contradictory news, false as usual and therefore variously +interpreted. The life of old Prince Bolknski, Prince Andrew, and +Princess Mary had greatly changed since 1805. + +In 1806 the old prince was made one of the eight commanders in chief +then appointed to supervise the enrollment decreed throughout Russia. +Despite the weakness of age, which had become particularly noticeable +since the time when he thought his son had been killed, he did not think +it right to refuse a duty to which he had been appointed by the Emperor +himself, and this fresh opportunity for action gave him new energy +and strength. He was continually traveling through the three provinces +entrusted to him, was pedantic in the fulfillment of his duties, severe +to cruel with his subordinates, and went into everything down to the +minutest details himself. Princess Mary had ceased taking lessons in +mathematics from her father, and when the old prince was at home went +to his study with the wet nurse and little Prince Nicholas (as his +grandfather called him). The baby Prince Nicholas lived with his wet +nurse and nurse Svishna in the late princess rooms and Princess +Mary spent most of the day in the nursery, taking a mothers place to +her little nephew as best she could. Mademoiselle Bourienne, too, seemed +passionately fond of the boy, and Princess Mary often deprived herself +to give her friend the pleasure of dandling the little angelas she +called her nephewand playing with him. + +Near the altar of the church at Bald Hills there was a chapel over the +tomb of the little princess, and in this chapel was a marble monument +brought from Italy, representing an angel with outspread wings ready to +fly upwards. The angels upper lip was slightly raised as though +about to smile, and once on coming out of the chapel Prince Andrew and +Princess Mary admitted to one another that the angels face reminded +them strangely of the little princess. But what was still stranger, +though of this Prince Andrew said nothing to his sister, was that in the +expression the sculptor had happened to give the angels face, Prince +Andrew read the same mild reproach he had read on the face of his dead +wife Ah, why have you done this to me? + +Soon after Prince Andrews return the old prince made over to him a +large estate, Boguchrovo, about twenty-five miles from Bald Hills. +Partly because of the depressing memories associated with Bald Hills, +partly because Prince Andrew did not always feel equal to bearing with +his fathers peculiarities, and partly because he needed solitude, +Prince Andrew made use of Boguchrovo, began building and spent most of +his time there. + +After the Austerlitz campaign Prince Andrew had firmly resolved not +to continue his military service, and when the war recommenced +and everybody had to serve, he took a post under his father in the +recruitment so as to avoid active service. The old prince and his son +seemed to have changed roles since the campaign of 1805. The old man, +roused by activity, expected the best results from the new campaign, +while Prince Andrew on the contrary, taking no part in the war and +secretly regretting this, saw only the dark side. + +On February 26, 1807, the old prince set off on one of his circuits. +Prince Andrew remained at Bald Hills as usual during his fathers +absence. Little Nicholas had been unwell for four days. The coachman who +had driven the old prince to town returned bringing papers and letters +for Prince Andrew. + +Not finding the young prince in his study the valet went with the +letters to Princess Marys apartments, but did not find him there. He +was told that the prince had gone to the nursery. + +If you please, your excellency, Ptrusha has brought some papers, +said one of the nursemaids to Prince Andrew who was sitting on a +childs little chair while, frowning and with trembling hands, he +poured drops from a medicine bottle into a wineglass half full of water. + +What is it? he said crossly, and, his hand shaking +unintentionally, he poured too many drops into the glass. He threw the +mixture onto the floor and asked for some more water. The maid brought +it. + +There were in the room a childs cot, two boxes, two armchairs, a +table, a childs table, and the little chair on which Prince Andrew +was sitting. The curtains were drawn, and a single candle was burning on +the table, screened by a bound music book so that the light did not fall +on the cot. + +My dear, said Princess Mary, addressing her brother from beside +the cot where she was standing, better wait a bit... later... + +Oh, leave off, you always talk nonsense and keep putting things +offand this is what comes of it! said Prince Andrew in an +exasperated whisper, evidently meaning to wound his sister. + +My dear, really... its better not to wake him... hes asleep, +said the princess in a tone of entreaty. + +Prince Andrew got up and went on tiptoe up to the little bed, wineglass +in hand. + +Perhaps wed really better not wake him, he said hesitating. + +As you please... really... I think so... but as you please, said +Princess Mary, evidently intimidated and confused that her opinion +had prevailed. She drew her brothers attention to the maid who was +calling him in a whisper. + +It was the second night that neither of them had slept, watching the boy +who was in a high fever. These last days, mistrusting their household +doctor and expecting another for whom they had sent to town, they had +been trying first one remedy and then another. Worn out by sleeplessness +and anxiety they threw their burden of sorrow on one another and +reproached and disputed with each other. + +Ptrusha has come with papers from your father, whispered the +maid. + +Prince Andrew went out. + +Devil take them! he muttered, and after listening to the verbal +instructions his father had sent and taking the correspondence and his +fathers letter, he returned to the nursery. + +Well? he asked. + +Still the same. Wait, for heavens sake. Karl Ivnich always says +that sleep is more important than anything, whispered Princess Mary +with a sigh. + +Prince Andrew went up to the child and felt him. He was burning hot. + +Confound you and your Karl Ivnich! He took the glass with the +drops and again went up to the cot. + +Andrew, dont! said Princess Mary. + +But he scowled at her angrily though also with suffering in his eyes, +and stooped glass in hand over the infant. + +But I wish it, he said. I beg yougive it him! + +Princess Mary shrugged her shoulders but took the glass submissively +and calling the nurse began giving the medicine. The child screamed +hoarsely. Prince Andrew winced and, clutching his head, went out and sat +down on a sofa in the next room. + +He still had all the letters in his hand. Opening them mechanically he +began reading. The old prince, now and then using abbreviations, wrote +in his large elongated hand on blue paper as follows + +Have just this moment received by special messenger very joyful +newsif its not false. Bennigsen seems to have obtained a complete +victory over Buonaparte at Eylau. In Petersburg everyone is rejoicing, +and the rewards sent to the army are innumerable. Though he is a +GermanI congratulate him! I cant make out what the commander at +Krchevoa certain Khandrikvis up to till now the additional +men and provisions have not arrived. Gallop off to him at once and +say Ill have his head off if everything is not here in a week. +Have received another letter about the Preussisch-Eylau battle +from Ptenkahe took part in itand its all true. When +mischief-makers dont meddle even a German beats Buonaparte. He is +said to be fleeing in great disorder. Mind you gallop off to Krchevo +without delay and carry out instructions! + +Prince Andrew sighed and broke the seal of another envelope. It was +a closely written letter of two sheets from Bilbin. He folded it up +without reading it and reread his fathers letter, ending with the +words Gallop off to Krchevo and carry out instructions! + +No, pardon me, I wont go now till the child is better, thought +he, going to the door and looking into the nursery. + +Princess Mary was still standing by the cot, gently rocking the baby. + +Ah yes, and what else did he say thats unpleasant? thought +Prince Andrew, recalling his fathers letter. Yes, we have gained +a victory over Bonaparte, just when Im not serving. Yes, yes, hes +always poking fun at me.... Ah, well! Let him! And he began reading +Bilbins letter which was written in French. He read without +understanding half of it, read only to forget, if but for a moment, what +he had too long been thinking of so painfully to the exclusion of all +else. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Bilbin was now at army headquarters in a diplomatic capacity, and +though he wrote in French and used French jests and French idioms, +he described the whole campaign with a fearless self-censure and +self-derision genuinely Russian. Bilbin wrote that the obligation of +diplomatic discretion tormented him, and he was happy to have in Prince +Andrew a reliable correspondent to whom he could pour out the bile he +had accumulated at the sight of all that was being done in the army. +The letter was old, having been written before the battle at +Preussisch-Eylau. + +Since the day of our brilliant success at Austerlitz, wrote +Bilbin, as you know, my dear prince, I never leave headquarters. I +have certainly acquired a taste for war, and it is just as well for me +what I have seen during these last three months is incredible. + +I begin ab ovo. The enemy of the human race, as you know, +attacks the Prussians. The Prussians are our faithful allies who have +only betrayed us three times in three years. We take up their cause, but +it turns out that the enemy of the human race pays no heed to +our fine speeches and in his rude and savage way throws himself on the +Prussians without giving them time to finish the parade they had begun, +and in two twists of the hand he breaks them to smithereens and installs +himself in the palace at Potsdam. + +I most ardently desire, writes the King of Prussia to +Bonaparte, that Your Majesty should be received and treated in my +palace in a manner agreeable to yourself, and in so far as circumstances +allowed, I have hastened to take all steps to that end. May I have +succeeded! The Prussian generals pride themselves on being polite to +the French and lay down their arms at the first demand. + +The head of the garrison at Glogau, with ten thousand men, asks the +King of Prussia what he is to do if he is summoned to surrender.... All +this is absolutely true. + +In short, hoping to settle matters by taking up a warlike attitude, +it turns out that we have landed ourselves in war, and what is more, +in war on our own frontiers, with and for the King of Prussia. We have +everything in perfect order, only one little thing is lacking, namely, +a commander in chief. As it was considered that the Austerlitz success +might have been more decisive had the commander in chief not been so +young, all our octogenarians were reviewed, and of Prozorvski +and Kmenski the latter was preferred. The general comes to us, +Suvrov-like, in a kibtka, and is received with acclamations of joy +and triumph. + +On the 4th, the first courier arrives from Petersburg. The mails +are taken to the field marshals room, for he likes to do everything +himself. I am called in to help sort the letters and take those meant +for us. The field marshal looks on and waits for letters addressed +to him. We search, but none are to be found. The field marshal grows +impatient and sets to work himself and finds letters from the Emperor +to Count T., Prince V., and others. Then he bursts into one of his wild +furies and rages at everyone and everything, seizes the letters, opens +them, and reads those from the Emperor addressed to others. Ah! So +thats the way they treat me! No confidence in me! Ah, ordered to keep +an eye on me! Very well then! Get along with you! So he writes the +famous order of the day to General Bennigsen + +I am wounded and cannot ride and consequently cannot command the +army. You have brought your army corps to Pultsk, routed here it is +exposed, and without fuel or forage, so something must be done, and, as +you yourself reported to Count Buxhwden yesterday, you must think of +retreating to our frontierwhich do today. + +From all my riding, he writes to the Emperor, I have got a +saddle sore which, coming after all my previous journeys, quite prevents +my riding and commanding so vast an army, so I have passed on the +command to the general next in seniority, Count Buxhwden, having sent +him my whole staff and all that belongs to it, advising him if there is +a lack of bread, to move farther into the interior of Prussia, for only +one days ration of bread remains, and in some regiments none at all, +as reported by the division commanders, Ostermann and Sedmortzki, and +all that the peasants had has been eaten up. I myself will remain in +hospital at Ostrolenka till I recover. In regard to which I humbly +submit my report, with the information that if the army remains in its +present bivouac another fortnight there will not be a healthy man left +in it by spring. + +Grant leave to retire to his country seat to an old man who is +already in any case dishonored by being unable to fulfill the great and +glorious task for which he was chosen. I shall await your most gracious +permission here in hospital, that I may not have to play the part of a +secretary rather than commander in the army. My removal from the army +does not produce the slightest stira blind man has left it. There are +thousands such as I in Russia. + +The field marshal is angry with the Emperor and he punishes us all, +isnt it logical? + +This is the first act. Those that follow are naturally increasingly +interesting and entertaining. After the field marshals departure +it appears that we are within sight of the enemy and must give battle. +Buxhwden is commander in chief by seniority, but General Bennigsen +does not quite see it more particularly as it is he and his corps who +are within sight of the enemy and he wishes to profit by the opportunity +to fight a battle on his own hand as the Germans say. He does so. +This is the battle of Pultsk, which is considered a great victory but +in my opinion was nothing of the kind. We civilians, as you know, have +a very bad way of deciding whether a battle was won or lost. Those who +retreat after a battle have lost it is what we say and according to +that it is we who lost the battle of Pultsk. In short, we retreat +after the battle but send a courier to Petersburg with news of a +victory, and General Bennigsen, hoping to receive from Petersburg the +post of commander in chief as a reward for his victory, does not give up +the command of the army to General Buxhwden. During this interregnum +we begin a very original and interesting series of maneuvers. Our aim is +no longer, as it should be, to avoid or attack the enemy, but solely to +avoid General Buxhwden who by right of seniority should be our chief. +So energetically do we pursue this aim that after crossing an unfordable +river we burn the bridges to separate ourselves from our enemy, who at +the moment is not Bonaparte but Buxhwden. General Buxhwden was all +but attacked and captured by a superior enemy force as a result of one +of these maneuvers that enabled us to escape him. Buxhwden pursues +uswe scuttle. He hardly crosses the river to our side before we +recross to the other. At last our enemy, Buxhwden, catches us and +attacks. Both generals are angry, and the result is a challenge on +Buxhwdens part and an epileptic fit on Bennigsens. But at the +critical moment the courier who carried the news of our victory at +Pultsk to Petersburg returns bringing our appointment as commander in +chief, and our first foe, Buxhwden, is vanquished we can now turn +our thoughts to the second, Bonaparte. But as it turns out, just at +that moment a third enemy rises before usnamely the Orthodox Russian +soldiers, loudly demanding bread, meat, biscuits, fodder, and whatnot! +The stores are empty, the roads impassable. The Orthodox begin looting, +and in a way of which our last campaign can give you no idea. Half the +regiments form bands and scour the countryside and put everything +to fire and sword. The inhabitants are totally ruined, the hospitals +overflow with sick, and famine is everywhere. Twice the marauders even +attack our headquarters, and the commander in chief has to ask for a +battalion to disperse them. During one of these attacks they carried off +my empty portmanteau and my dressing gown. The Emperor proposes to give +all commanders of divisions the right to shoot marauders, but I much +fear this will oblige one half the army to shoot the other. + +At first Prince Andrew read with his eyes only, but after a while, +in spite of himself (although he knew how far it was safe to trust +Bilbin), what he had read began to interest him more and more. When he +had read thus far, he crumpled the letter up and threw it away. It was +not what he had read that vexed him, but the fact that the life out +there in which he had now no part could perturb him. He shut his eyes, +rubbed his forehead as if to rid himself of all interest in what he +had read, and listened to what was passing in the nursery. Suddenly he +thought he heard a strange noise through the door. He was seized with +alarm lest something should have happened to the child while he was +reading the letter. He went on tiptoe to the nursery door and opened it. + +Just as he went in he saw that the nurse was hiding something from him +with a scared look and that Princess Mary was no longer by the cot. + +My dear, he heard what seemed to him her despairing whisper behind +him. + +As often happens after long sleeplessness and long anxiety, he was +seized by an unreasoning panicit occurred to him that the child was +dead. All that he saw and heard seemed to confirm this terror. + +All is over, he thought, and a cold sweat broke out on his +forehead. He went to the cot in confusion, sure that he would find it +empty and that the nurse had been hiding the dead baby. He drew the +curtain aside and for some time his frightened, restless eyes could not +find the baby. At last he saw him the rosy boy had tossed about till he +lay across the bed with his head lower than the pillow, and was smacking +his lips in his sleep and breathing evenly. + +Prince Andrew was as glad to find the boy like that, as if he had +already lost him. He bent over him and, as his sister had taught him, +tried with his lips whether the child was still feverish. The soft +forehead was moist. Prince Andrew touched the head with his hand even +the hair was wet, so profusely had the child perspired. He was not dead, +but evidently the crisis was over and he was convalescent. Prince Andrew +longed to snatch up, to squeeze, to hold to his heart, this helpless +little creature, but dared not do so. He stood over him, gazing at his +head and at the little arms and legs which showed under the blanket. He +heard a rustle behind him and a shadow appeared under the curtain of +the cot. He did not look round, but still gazing at the infants face +listened to his regular breathing. The dark shadow was Princess Mary, +who had come up to the cot with noiseless steps, lifted the curtain, +and dropped it again behind her. Prince Andrew recognized her without +looking and held out his hand to her. She pressed it. + +He has perspired, said Prince Andrew. + +I was coming to tell you so. + +The child moved slightly in his sleep, smiled, and rubbed his forehead +against the pillow. + +Prince Andrew looked at his sister. In the dim shadow of the curtain her +luminous eyes shone more brightly than usual from the tears of joy that +were in them. She leaned over to her brother and kissed him, slightly +catching the curtain of the cot. Each made the other a warning gesture +and stood still in the dim light beneath the curtain as if not wishing +to leave that seclusion where they three were shut off from all the +world. Prince Andrew was the first to move away, ruffling his hair +against the muslin of the curtain. + +Yes, this is the one thing left me now, he said with a sigh. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Soon after his admission to the Masonic Brotherhood, Pierre went to the +Kiev province, where he had the greatest number of serfs, taking with +him full directions which he had written down for his own guidance as to +what he should do on his estates. + +When he reached Kiev he sent for all his stewards to the head office +and explained to them his intentions and wishes. He told them that steps +would be taken immediately to free his serfsand that till then they +were not to be overburdened with labor, women while nursing their babies +were not to be sent to work, assistance was to be given to the serfs, +punishments were to be admonitory and not corporal, and hospitals, +asylums, and schools were to be established on all the estates. Some of +the stewards (there were semiliterate foremen among them) listened with +alarm, supposing these words to mean that the young count was displeased +with their management and embezzlement of money, some after their first +fright were amused by Pierres lisp and the new words they had not +heard before, others simply enjoyed hearing how the master talked, while +the cleverest among them, including the chief steward, understood from +this speech how they could best handle the master for their own ends. + +The chief steward expressed great sympathy with Pierres intentions, +but remarked that besides these changes it would be necessary to go into +the general state of affairs which was far from satisfactory. + +Despite Count Bezkhovs enormous wealth, since he had come into an +income which was said to amount to five hundred thousand rubles a year, +Pierre felt himself far poorer than when his father had made him +an allowance of ten thousand rubles. He had a dim perception of the +following budget + +About 80,000 went in payments on all the estates to the Land Bank, about +30,000 went for the upkeep of the estate near Moscow, the town house, +and the allowance to the three princesses about 15,000 was given in +pensions and the same amount for asylums 150,000 alimony was sent to +the countess about 70,000 went for interest on debts. The building of a +new church, previously begun, had cost about 10,000 in each of the last +two years, and he did not know how the rest, about 100,000 rubles, was +spent, and almost every year he was obliged to borrow. Besides this the +chief steward wrote every year telling him of fires and bad harvests, +or of the necessity of rebuilding factories and workshops. So the first +task Pierre had to face was one for which he had very little aptitude or +inclinationpractical business. + +He discussed estate affairs every day with his chief steward. But +he felt that this did not forward matters at all. He felt that these +consultations were detached from real affairs and did not link up with +them or make them move. On the one hand, the chief steward put the state +of things to him in the very worst light, pointing out the necessity of +paying off the debts and undertaking new activities with serf labor, +to which Pierre did not agree. On the other hand, Pierre demanded that +steps should be taken to liberate the serfs, which the steward met by +showing the necessity of first paying off the loans from the Land Bank, +and the consequent impossibility of a speedy emancipation. + +The steward did not say it was quite impossible, but suggested selling +the forests in the province of Kostrom, the land lower down the river, +and the Crimean estate, in order to make it possible all of which +operations according to him were connected with such complicated +measuresthe removal of injunctions, petitions, permits, and so +onthat Pierre became quite bewildered and only replied + +Yes, yes, do so. + +Pierre had none of the practical persistence that would have enabled him +to attend to the business himself and so he disliked it and only tried +to pretend to the steward that he was attending to it. The steward +for his part tried to pretend to the count that he considered these +consultations very valuable for the proprietor and troublesome to +himself. + +In Kiev Pierre found some people he knew, and strangers hastened to make +his acquaintance and joyfully welcomed the rich newcomer, the +largest landowner of the province. Temptations to Pierres greatest +weaknessthe one to which he had confessed when admitted to the +Lodgewere so strong that he could not resist them. Again whole days, +weeks, and months of his life passed in as great a rush and were as much +occupied with evening parties, dinners, lunches, and balls, giving him +no time for reflection, as in Petersburg. Instead of the new life he had +hoped to lead he still lived the old life, only in new surroundings. + +Of the three precepts of Freemasonry Pierre realized that he did not +fulfill the one which enjoined every Mason to set an example of moral +life, and that of the seven virtues he lacked twomorality and the +love of death. He consoled himself with the thought that he fulfilled +another of the preceptsthat of reforming the human raceand had +other virtueslove of his neighbor, and especially generosity. + +In the spring of 1807 he decided to return to Petersburg. On the way he +intended to visit all his estates and see for himself how far his orders +had been carried out and in what state were the serfs whom God had +entrusted to his care and whom he intended to benefit. + +The chief steward, who considered the young counts attempts almost +insaneunprofitable to himself, to the count, and to the serfsmade +some concessions. Continuing to represent the liberation of the serfs +as impracticable, he arranged for the erection of large +buildingsschools, hospitals, and asylumson all the estates +before the master arrived. Everywhere preparations were made not for +ceremonious welcomes (which he knew Pierre would not like), but for just +such gratefully religious ones, with offerings of icons and the bread +and salt of hospitality, as, according to his understanding of his +master, would touch and delude him. + +The southern spring, the comfortable rapid traveling in a Vienna +carriage, and the solitude of the road, all had a gladdening effect on +Pierre. The estates he had not before visited were each more picturesque +than the other the serfs everywhere seemed thriving and touchingly +grateful for the benefits conferred on them. Everywhere were receptions, +which though they embarrassed Pierre awakened a joyful feeling in the +depth of his heart. In one place the peasants presented him with bread +and salt and an icon of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, asking permission, +as a mark of their gratitude for the benefits he had conferred on them, +to build a new chantry to the church at their own expense in honor +of Peter and Paul, his patron saints. In another place the women with +infants in arms met him to thank him for releasing them from hard +work. On a third estate the priest, bearing a cross, came to meet +him surrounded by children whom, by the counts generosity, he was +instructing in reading, writing, and religion. On all his estates Pierre +saw with his own eyes brick buildings erected or in course of erection, +all on one plan, for hospitals, schools, and almshouses, which were soon +to be opened. Everywhere he saw the stewards accounts, according to +which the serfs manorial labor had been diminished, and heard the +touching thanks of deputations of serfs in their full-skirted blue +coats. + +What Pierre did not know was that the place where they presented him +with bread and salt and wished to build a chantry in honor of Peter and +Paul was a market village where a fair was held on St. Peters day, +and that the richest peasants (who formed the deputation) had begun +the chantry long before, but that nine tenths of the peasants in that +villages were in a state of the greatest poverty. He did not know that +since the nursing mothers were no longer sent to work on his land, they +did still harder work on their own land. He did not know that the priest +who met him with the cross oppressed the peasants by his exactions, and +that the pupils parents wept at having to let him take their children +and secured their release by heavy payments. He did not know that the +brick buildings, built to plan, were being built by serfs whose manorial +labor was thus increased, though lessened on paper. He did not know +that where the steward had shown him in the accounts that the serfs +payments had been diminished by a third, their obligatory manorial work +had been increased by a half. And so Pierre was delighted with his visit +to his estates and quite recovered the philanthropic mood in which +he had left Petersburg, and wrote enthusiastic letters to his +brother-instructor as he called the Grand Master. + +How easy it is, how little effort it needs, to do so much good, +thought Pierre, and how little attention we pay to it! + +He was pleased at the gratitude he received, but felt abashed at +receiving it. This gratitude reminded him of how much more he might do +for these simple, kindly people. + +The chief steward, a very stupid but cunning man who saw perfectly +through the nave and intelligent count and played with him as with +a toy, seeing the effect these prearranged receptions had on Pierre, +pressed him still harder with proofs of the impossibility and above all +the uselessness of freeing the serfs, who were quite happy as it was. + +Pierre in his secret soul agreed with the steward that it would be +difficult to imagine happier people, and that God only knew what would +happen to them when they were free, but he insisted, though reluctantly, +on what he thought right. The steward promised to do all in his power to +carry out the counts wishes, seeing clearly that not only would the +count never be able to find out whether all measures had been taken for +the sale of the land and forests and to release them from the Land Bank, +but would probably never even inquire and would never know that the +newly erected buildings were standing empty and that the serfs continued +to give in money and work all that other peoples serfs gavethat is +to say, all that could be got out of them. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Returning from his journey through South Russia in the happiest state +of mind, Pierre carried out an intention he had long had of visiting his +friend Bolknski, whom he had not seen for two years. + +Boguchrovo lay in a flat uninteresting part of the country among +fields and forests of fir and birch, which were partly cut down. The +house lay behind a newly dug pond filled with water to the brink and +with banks still bare of grass. It was at the end of a village that +stretched along the highroad in the midst of a young copse in which were +a few fir trees. + +The homestead consisted of a threshing floor, outhouses, stables, a +bathhouse, a lodge, and a large brick house with semicircular faade +still in course of construction. Round the house was a garden newly laid +out. The fences and gates were new and solid two fire pumps and a +water cart, painted green, stood in a shed the paths were straight, +the bridges were strong and had handrails. Everything bore an impress of +tidiness and good management. Some domestic serfs Pierre met, in reply +to inquiries as to where the prince lived, pointed out a small newly +built lodge close to the pond. Antn, a man who had looked after Prince +Andrew in his boyhood, helped Pierre out of his carriage, said that the +prince was at home, and showed him into a clean little anteroom. + +Pierre was struck by the modesty of the small though clean house after +the brilliant surroundings in which he had last met his friend in +Petersburg. + +He quickly entered the small reception room with its still-unplastered +wooden walls redolent of pine, and would have gone farther, but Antn +ran ahead on tiptoe and knocked at a door. + +Well, what is it? came a sharp, unpleasant voice. + +A visitor, answered Antn. + +Ask him to wait, and the sound was heard of a chair being pushed +back. + +Pierre went with rapid steps to the door and suddenly came face to +face with Prince Andrew, who came out frowning and looking old. Pierre +embraced him and lifting his spectacles kissed his friend on the cheek +and looked at him closely. + +Well, I did not expect you, I am very glad, said Prince Andrew. + +Pierre said nothing he looked fixedly at his friend with surprise. He +was struck by the change in him. His words were kindly and there was a +smile on his lips and face, but his eyes were dull and lifeless and in +spite of his evident wish to do so he could not give them a joyous +and glad sparkle. Prince Andrew had grown thinner, paler, and more +manly-looking, but what amazed and estranged Pierre till he got used +to it were his inertia and a wrinkle on his brow indicating prolonged +concentration on some one thought. + +As is usually the case with people meeting after a prolonged separation, +it was long before their conversation could settle on anything. They +put questions and gave brief replies about things they knew ought to +be talked over at length. At last the conversation gradually settled on +some of the topics at first lightly touched on their past life, plans +for the future, Pierres journeys and occupations, the war, and so +on. The preoccupation and despondency which Pierre had noticed in his +friends look was now still more clearly expressed in the smile +with which he listened to Pierre, especially when he spoke with joyful +animation of the past or the future. It was as if Prince Andrew would +have liked to sympathize with what Pierre was saying, but could not. +The latter began to feel that it was in bad taste to speak of his +enthusiasms, dreams, and hopes of happiness or goodness, in Prince +Andrews presence. He was ashamed to express his new Masonic views, +which had been particularly revived and strengthened by his late tour. +He checked himself, fearing to seem nave, yet he felt an irresistible +desire to show his friend as soon as possible that he was now a quite +different, and better, Pierre than he had been in Petersburg. + +I cant tell you how much I have lived through since then. I hardly +know myself again. + +Yes, we have altered much, very much, since then, said Prince +Andrew. + +Well, and you? What are your plans? + +Plans! repeated Prince Andrew ironically. My plans? he said, +as if astonished at the word. Well, you see, Im building. I mean +to settle here altogether next year.... + +Pierre looked silently and searchingly into Prince Andrews face, +which had grown much older. + +No, I meant to ask... Pierre began, but Prince Andrew interrupted +him. + +But why talk of me?... Talk to me, yes, tell me about your travels +and all you have been doing on your estates. + +Pierre began describing what he had done on his estates, trying as far +as possible to conceal his own part in the improvements that had been +made. Prince Andrew several times prompted Pierres story of what he +had been doing, as though it were all an old-time story, and he listened +not only without interest but even as if ashamed of what Pierre was +telling him. + +Pierre felt uncomfortable and even depressed in his friends company +and at last became silent. + +Ill tell you what, my dear fellow, said Prince Andrew, who +evidently also felt depressed and constrained with his visitor, I am +only bivouacking here and have just come to look round. I am going back +to my sister today. I will introduce you to her. But of course you know +her already, he said, evidently trying to entertain a visitor with +whom he now found nothing in common. We will go after dinner. And +would you now like to look round my place? + +They went out and walked about till dinnertime, talking of the political +news and common acquaintances like people who do not know each other +intimately. Prince Andrew spoke with some animation and interest only of +the new homestead he was constructing and its buildings, but even here, +while on the scaffolding, in the midst of a talk explaining the future +arrangements of the house, he interrupted himself + +However, this is not at all interesting. Let us have dinner, and then +well set off. + +At dinner, conversation turned on Pierres marriage. + +I was very much surprised when I heard of it, said Prince Andrew. + +Pierre blushed, as he always did when it was mentioned, and said +hurriedly I will tell you some time how it all happened. But you +know it is all over, and forever. + +Forever? said Prince Andrew. Nothings forever. + +But you know how it all ended, dont you? You heard of the duel? + +And so you had to go through that too! + +One thing I thank God for is that I did not kill that man, said +Pierre. + +Why so? asked Prince Andrew. To kill a vicious dog is a very +good thing really. + +No, to kill a man is badwrong. + +Why is it wrong? urged Prince Andrew. It is not given to man +to know what is right and what is wrong. Men always did and always will +err, and in nothing more than in what they consider right and wrong. + +What does harm to another is wrong, said Pierre, feeling with +pleasure that for the first time since his arrival Prince Andrew was +roused, had begun to talk, and wanted to express what had brought him to +his present state. + +And who has told you what is bad for another man? he asked. + +Bad! Bad! exclaimed Pierre. We all know what is bad for +ourselves. + +Yes, we know that, but the harm I am conscious of in myself is +something I cannot inflict on others, said Prince Andrew, growing +more and more animated and evidently wishing to express his new outlook +to Pierre. He spoke in French. I only know two very real evils in +life remorse and illness. The only good is the absence of those evils. +To live for myself avoiding those two evils is my whole philosophy +now. + +And love of ones neighbor, and self-sacrifice? began Pierre. +No, I cant agree with you! To live only so as not to do evil and +not to have to repent is not enough. I lived like that, I lived for +myself and ruined my life. And only now when I am living, or at least +trying (Pierres modesty made him correct himself) to live for +others, only now have I understood all the happiness of life. No, I +shall not agree with you, and you do not really believe what you are +saying. Prince Andrew looked silently at Pierre with an ironic smile. + +When you see my sister, Princess Mary, youll get on with her, +he said. Perhaps you are right for yourself, he added after +a short pause, but everyone lives in his own way. You lived for +yourself and say you nearly ruined your life and only found happiness +when you began living for others. I experienced just the reverse. I +lived for glory.And after all what is glory? The same love of others, +a desire to do something for them, a desire for their approval.So I +lived for others, and not almost, but quite, ruined my life. And I have +become calmer since I began to live only for myself. + +But what do you mean by living only for yourself? asked Pierre, +growing excited. What about your son, your sister, and your +father? + +But thats just the same as myselfthey are not others, +explained Prince Andrew. The others, ones neighbors, le prochain, +as you and Princess Mary call it, are the chief source of all error and +evil. Le prochainyour Kiev peasants to whom you want to do good. + +And he looked at Pierre with a mocking, challenging expression. He +evidently wished to draw him on. + +You are joking, replied Pierre, growing more and more excited. +What error or evil can there be in my wishing to do good, and even +doing a littlethough I did very little and did it very badly? What +evil can there be in it if unfortunate people, our serfs, people like +ourselves, were growing up and dying with no idea of God and truth +beyond ceremonies and meaningless prayers and are now instructed in +a comforting belief in future life, retribution, recompense, and +consolation? What evil and error are there in it, if people were dying +of disease without help while material assistance could so easily be +rendered, and I supplied them with a doctor, a hospital, and an asylum +for the aged? And is it not a palpable, unquestionable good if a +peasant, or a woman with a baby, has no rest day or night and I give +them rest and leisure? said Pierre, hurrying and lisping. And +I have done that though badly and to a small extent but I have done +something toward it and you cannot persuade me that it was not a good +action, and more than that, you cant make me believe that you do not +think so yourself. And the main thing is, he continued, that I +know, and know for certain, that the enjoyment of doing this good is the +only sure happiness in life. + +Yes, if you put it like that its quite a different matter, said +Prince Andrew. I build a house and lay out a garden, and you build +hospitals. The one and the other may serve as a pastime. But whats +right and whats good must be judged by one who knows all, but not by +us. Well, you want an argument, he added, come on then. + +They rose from the table and sat down in the entrance porch which served +as a veranda. + +Come, lets argue then, said Prince Andrew, You talk of +schools, he went on, crooking a finger, education and so forth +that is, you want to raise him (pointing to a peasant who passed by +them taking off his cap) from his animal condition and awaken in him +spiritual needs, while it seems to me that animal happiness is the only +happiness possible, and that is just what you want to deprive him of. +I envy him, but you want to make him what I am, without giving him my +means. Then you say, lighten his toil. But as I see it, physical +labor is as essential to him, as much a condition of his existence, as +mental activity is to you or me. You cant help thinking. I go to bed +after two in the morning, thoughts come and I cant sleep but toss +about till dawn, because I think and cant help thinking, just as +he cant help plowing and mowing if he didnt, he would go to the +drink shop or fall ill. Just as I could not stand his terrible physical +labor but should die of it in a week, so he could not stand my physical +idleness, but would grow fat and die. The third thingwhat else was +it you talked about? and Prince Andrew crooked a third finger. Ah, +yes, hospitals, medicine. He has a fit, he is dying, and you come and +bleed him and patch him up. He will drag about as a cripple, a burden to +everybody, for another ten years. It would be far easier and simpler for +him to die. Others are being born and there are plenty of them as it is. +It would be different if you grudged losing a laborerthats how I +regard himbut you want to cure him from love of him. And he does not +want that. And besides, what a notion that medicine ever cured anyone! +Killed them, yes! said he, frowning angrily and turning away from +Pierre. + +Prince Andrew expressed his ideas so clearly and distinctly that it was +evident he had reflected on this subject more than once, and he spoke +readily and rapidly like a man who has not talked for a long time. His +glance became more animated as his conclusions became more hopeless. + +Oh, that is dreadful, dreadful! said Pierre. I dont +understand how one can live with such ideas. I had such moments +myself not long ago, in Moscow and when traveling, but at such times I +collapsed so that I dont live at alleverything seems hateful to +me... myself most of all. Then I dont eat, dont wash... and how is +it with you?... + +Why not wash? That is not cleanly, said Prince Andrew on the +contrary one must try to make ones life as pleasant as possible. +Im alive, that is not my fault, so I must live out my life as best I +can without hurting others. + +But with such ideas what motive have you for living? One would sit +without moving, undertaking nothing.... + +Life as it is leaves one no peace. I should be thankful to do +nothing, but here on the one hand the local nobility have done me the +honor to choose me to be their marshal it was all I could do to get +out of it. They could not understand that I have not the necessary +qualifications for itthe kind of good-natured, fussy shallowness +necessary for the position. Then theres this house, which must be +built in order to have a nook of ones own in which to be quiet. And +now theres this recruiting. + +Why arent you serving in the army? + +After Austerlitz! said Prince Andrew gloomily. No, thank you +very much! I have promised myself not to serve again in the active +Russian army. And I wontnot even if Bonaparte were here at +Smolnsk threatening Bald Hillseven then I wouldnt serve in the +Russian army! Well, as I was saying, he continued, recovering his +composure, now theres this recruiting. My father is chief in +command of the Third District, and my only way of avoiding active +service is to serve under him. + +Then you are serving? + +I am. + +He paused a little while. + +And why do you serve? + +Why, for this reason! My father is one of the most remarkable men of +his time. But he is growing old, and though not exactly cruel he has too +energetic a character. He is so accustomed to unlimited power that he is +terrible, and now he has this authority of a commander in chief of +the recruiting, granted by the Emperor. If I had been two hours late +a fortnight ago he would have had a paymasters clerk at Ykhnovna +hanged, said Prince Andrew with a smile. So I am serving because +I alone have any influence with my father, and now and then can save him +from actions which would torment him afterwards. + +Well, there you see! + +Yes, but it is not as you imagine, Prince Andrew continued. I +did not, and do not, in the least care about that scoundrel of a clerk +who had stolen some boots from the recruits I should even have been +very glad to see him hanged, but I was sorry for my fatherthat again +is for myself. + +Prince Andrew grew more and more animated. His eyes glittered feverishly +while he tried to prove to Pierre that in his actions there was no +desire to do good to his neighbor. + +There now, you wish to liberate your serfs, he continued that +is a very good thing, but not for youI dont suppose you ever had +anyone flogged or sent to Siberiaand still less for your serfs. If +they are beaten, flogged, or sent to Siberia, I dont suppose they are +any the worse off. In Siberia they lead the same animal life, and the +stripes on their bodies heal, and they are happy as before. But it is +a good thing for proprietors who perish morally, bring remorse upon +themselves, stifle this remorse and grow callous, as a result of being +able to inflict punishments justly and unjustly. It is those people I +pity, and for their sake I should like to liberate the serfs. You +may not have seen, but I have seen, how good men brought up in those +traditions of unlimited power, in time when they grow more irritable, +become cruel and harsh, are conscious of it, but cannot restrain +themselves and grow more and more miserable. + +Prince Andrew spoke so earnestly that Pierre could not help thinking +that these thoughts had been suggested to Prince Andrew by his +fathers case. + +He did not reply. + +So thats what Im sorry forhuman dignity, peace of mind, +purity, and not the serfs backs and foreheads, which, beat and shave +as you may, always remain the same backs and foreheads. + +No, no! A thousand times no! I shall never agree with you, said +Pierre. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +In the evening Andrew and Pierre got into the open carriage and drove to +Bald Hills. Prince Andrew, glancing at Pierre, broke the silence now and +then with remarks which showed that he was in a good temper. + +Pointing to the fields, he spoke of the improvements he was making in +his husbandry. + +Pierre remained gloomily silent, answering in monosyllables and +apparently immersed in his own thoughts. + +He was thinking that Prince Andrew was unhappy, had gone astray, did not +see the true light, and that he, Pierre, ought to aid, enlighten, and +raise him. But as soon as he thought of what he should say, he felt that +Prince Andrew with one word, one argument, would upset all his teaching, +and he shrank from beginning, afraid of exposing to possible ridicule +what to him was precious and sacred. + +No, but why do you think so? Pierre suddenly began, lowering his +head and looking like a bull about to charge, why do you think so? +You should not think so. + +Think? What about? asked Prince Andrew with surprise. + +About life, about mans destiny. It cant be so. I myself thought +like that, and do you know what saved me? Freemasonry! No, dont +smile. Freemasonry is not a religious ceremonial sect, as I thought +it was Freemasonry is the best expression of the best, the eternal, +aspects of humanity. + +And he began to explain Freemasonry as he understood it to Prince +Andrew. He said that Freemasonry is the teaching of Christianity freed +from the bonds of State and Church, a teaching of equality, brotherhood, +and love. + +Only our holy brotherhood has the real meaning of life, all the rest +is a dream, said Pierre. Understand, my dear fellow, that outside +this union all is filled with deceit and falsehood and I agree with you +that nothing is left for an intelligent and good man but to live out +his life, like you, merely trying not to harm others. But make our +fundamental convictions your own, join our brotherhood, give yourself up +to us, let yourself be guided, and you will at once feel yourself, as I +have felt myself, a part of that vast invisible chain the beginning of +which is hidden in heaven, said Pierre. + +Prince Andrew, looking straight in front of him, listened in silence to +Pierres words. More than once, when the noise of the wheels prevented +his catching what Pierre said, he asked him to repeat it, and by the +peculiar glow that came into Prince Andrews eyes and by his silence, +Pierre saw that his words were not in vain and that Prince Andrew would +not interrupt him or laugh at what he said. + +They reached a river that had overflowed its banks and which they had to +cross by ferry. While the carriage and horses were being placed on it, +they also stepped on the raft. + +Prince Andrew, leaning his arms on the raft railing, gazed silently at +the flooding waters glittering in the setting sun. + +Well, what do you think about it? Pierre asked. Why are you +silent? + +What do I think about it? I am listening to you. Its all very +well.... You say join our brotherhood and we will show you the aim of +life, the destiny of man, and the laws which govern the world. But who +are we? Men. How is it you know everything? Why do I alone not see what +you see? You see a reign of goodness and truth on earth, but I dont +see it. + +Pierre interrupted him. + +Do you believe in a future life? he asked. + +A future life? Prince Andrew repeated, but Pierre, giving him no +time to reply, took the repetition for a denial, the more readily as he +knew Prince Andrews former atheistic convictions. + +You say you cant see a reign of goodness and truth on earth. Nor +could I, and it cannot be seen if one looks on our life here as the end +of everything. On earth, here on this earth (Pierre pointed to +the fields), there is no truth, all is false and evil but in the +universe, in the whole universe there is a kingdom of truth, and we who +are now the children of earth areeternallychildren of the +whole universe. Dont I feel in my soul that I am part of this vast +harmonious whole? Dont I feel that I form one link, one step, between +the lower and higher beings, in this vast harmonious multitude of +beings in whom the Deitythe Supreme Power if you prefer the termis +manifest? If I see, clearly see, that ladder leading from plant to man, +why should I suppose it breaks off at me and does not go farther and +farther? I feel that I cannot vanish, since nothing vanishes in this +world, but that I shall always exist and always have existed. I feel +that beyond me and above me there are spirits, and that in this world +there is truth. + +Yes, that is Herders theory, said Prince Andrew, but it is +not that which can convince me, dear friendlife and death are what +convince. What convinces is when one sees a being dear to one, bound +up with ones own life, before whom one was to blame and had hoped to +make it right (Prince Andrews voice trembled and he turned away), +and suddenly that being is seized with pain, suffers, and ceases to +exist.... Why? It cannot be that there is no answer. And I believe there +is.... Thats what convinces, that is what has convinced me, said +Prince Andrew. + +Yes, yes, of course, said Pierre, isnt that what Im +saying? + +No. All I say is that it is not argument that convinces me of the +necessity of a future life, but this when you go hand in hand with +someone and all at once that person vanishes there, into nowhere, and +you yourself are left facing that abyss, and look in. And I have looked +in.... + +Well, thats it then! You know that there is a there and there is a +Someone? There is the future life. The Someone isGod. + +Prince Andrew did not reply. The carriage and horses had long since been +taken off, onto the farther bank, and reharnessed. The sun had sunk half +below the horizon and an evening frost was starring the puddles near +the ferry, but Pierre and Andrew, to the astonishment of the footmen, +coachmen, and ferrymen, still stood on the raft and talked. + +If there is a God and future life, there is truth and good, and +mans highest happiness consists in striving to attain them. We must +live, we must love, and we must believe that we live not only today on +this scrap of earth, but have lived and shall live forever, there, in +the Whole, said Pierre, and he pointed to the sky. + +Prince Andrew stood leaning on the railing of the raft listening to +Pierre, and he gazed with his eyes fixed on the red reflection of the +sun gleaming on the blue waters. There was perfect stillness. Pierre +became silent. The raft had long since stopped and only the waves of the +current beat softly against it below. Prince Andrew felt as if the sound +of the waves kept up a refrain to Pierres words, whispering + +It is true, believe it. + +He sighed, and glanced with a radiant, childlike, tender look at +Pierres face, flushed and rapturous, but yet shy before his superior +friend. + +Yes, if it only were so! said Prince Andrew. However, it is +time to get on, he added, and, stepping off the raft, he looked up +at the sky to which Pierre had pointed, and for the first time since +Austerlitz saw that high, everlasting sky he had seen while lying on +that battlefield and something that had long been slumbering, something +that was best within him, suddenly awoke, joyful and youthful, in his +soul. It vanished as soon as he returned to the customary conditions +of his life, but he knew that this feeling which he did not know how to +develop existed within him. His meeting with Pierre formed an epoch in +Prince Andrews life. Though outwardly he continued to live in the +same old way, inwardly he began a new life. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +It was getting dusk when Prince Andrew and Pierre drove up to the front +entrance of the house at Bald Hills. As they approached the house, +Prince Andrew with a smile drew Pierres attention to a commotion +going on at the back porch. A woman, bent with age, with a wallet on her +back, and a short, long-haired, young man in a black garment had rushed +back to the gate on seeing the carriage driving up. Two women ran out +after them, and all four, looking round at the carriage, ran in dismay +up the steps of the back porch. + +Those are Marys Gods folk, said Prince Andrew. They +have mistaken us for my father. This is the one matter in which she +disobeys him. He orders these pilgrims to be driven away, but she +receives them. + +But what are Gods folk? asked Pierre. + +Prince Andrew had no time to answer. The servants came out to meet them, +and he asked where the old prince was and whether he was expected back +soon. + +The old prince had gone to the town and was expected back any minute. + +Prince Andrew led Pierre to his own apartments, which were always kept +in perfect order and readiness for him in his fathers house he +himself went to the nursery. + +Let us go and see my sister, he said to Pierre when he returned. +I have not found her yet, she is hiding now, sitting with her +Gods folk. It will serve her right, she will be confused, but +you will see her Gods folk. Its really very curious. + +What are Gods folk? asked Pierre. + +Come, and youll see for yourself. + +Princess Mary really was disconcerted and red patches came on her face +when they went in. In her snug room, with lamps burning before the icon +stand, a young lad with a long nose and long hair, wearing a monks +cassock, sat on the sofa beside her, behind a samovar. Near them, in an +armchair, sat a thin, shriveled, old woman, with a meek expression on +her childlike face. + +Andrew, why didnt you warn me? said the princess, with mild +reproach, as she stood before her pilgrims like a hen before her +chickens. + +Charme de vous voir. Je suis trs contente de vous voir, * she +said to Pierre as he kissed her hand. She had known him as a child, and +now his friendship with Andrew, his misfortune with his wife, and above +all his kindly, simple face disposed her favorably toward him. She +looked at him with her beautiful radiant eyes and seemed to say, I +like you very much, but please dont laugh at my people. After +exchanging the first greetings, they sat down. + + * Delighted to see you. I am very glad to see you. + + +Ah, and Ivnushka is here too! said Prince Andrew, glancing with +a smile at the young pilgrim. + +Andrew! said Princess Mary, imploringly. Il faut que vous +sachiez que cest une femme, * said Prince Andrew to Pierre. + +Andrew, au nom de Dieu! *(2) Princess Mary repeated. + + * You must know that this is a woman. + + * (2) For heavens sake. + + +It was evident that Prince Andrews ironical tone toward the pilgrims +and Princess Marys helpless attempts to protect them were their +customary long-established relations on the matter. + +Mais, ma bonne amie, said Prince Andrew, vous devriez au +contraire mtre reconnaissante de ce que jexplique Pierre +votre intimit avec ce jeune homme. * + + * But, my dear, you ought on the contrary to be grateful to + me for explaining to Pierre your intimacy with this young + man. + + +Really? said Pierre, gazing over his spectacles with curiosity and +seriousness (for which Princess Mary was specially grateful to him) into +Ivnushkas face, who, seeing that she was being spoken about, looked +round at them all with crafty eyes. + +Princess Marys embarrassment on her peoples account was quite +unnecessary. They were not in the least abashed. The old woman, lowering +her eyes but casting side glances at the newcomers, had turned her cup +upside down and placed a nibbled bit of sugar beside it, and sat +quietly in her armchair, though hoping to be offered another cup of tea. +Ivnushka, sipping out of her saucer, looked with sly womanish eyes +from under her brows at the young men. + +Where have you been? To Kiev? Prince Andrew asked the old woman. + +I have, good sir, she answered garrulously. Just at +Christmastime I was deemed worthy to partake of the holy and heavenly +sacrament at the shrine of the saint. And now Im from Kolyzin, +master, where a great and wonderful blessing has been revealed. + +And was Ivnushka with you? + +I go by myself, benefactor, said Ivnushka, trying to speak in a +bass voice. I only came across Pelagya in Ykhnovo.... + +Pelagya interrupted her companion she evidently wished to tell what +she had seen. + +In Kolyzin, master, a wonderful blessing has been revealed. + +What is it? Some new relics? asked Prince Andrew. + +Andrew, do leave off, said Princess Mary. Dont tell him, +Pelagya. + +No... why not, my dear, why shouldnt I? I like him. He is kind, +he is one of Gods chosen, hes a benefactor, he once gave me ten +rubles, I remember. When I was in Kiev, Crazy Cyril says to me (hes +one of Gods own and goes barefoot summer and winter), he says, +Why are you not going to the right place? Go to Kolyzin where a +wonder-working icon of the Holy Mother of God has been revealed. On +hearing those words I said good-by to the holy folk and went. + +All were silent, only the pilgrim woman went on in measured tones, +drawing in her breath. + +So I come, master, and the people say to me A great blessing has +been revealed, holy oil trickles from the cheeks of our blessed Mother, +the Holy Virgin Mother of God.... + +All right, all right, you can tell us afterwards, said Princess +Mary, flushing. + +Let me ask her, said Pierre. Did you see it yourselves? he +inquired. + +Oh, yes, master, I was found worthy. Such a brightness on the face +like the light of heaven, and from the blessed Mothers cheek it drops +and drops.... + +But, dear me, that must be a fraud! said Pierre, navely, who had +listened attentively to the pilgrim. + +Oh, master, what are you saying? exclaimed the horrified +Pelagya, turning to Princess Mary for support. + +They impose on the people, he repeated. + +Lord Jesus Christ! exclaimed the pilgrim woman, crossing herself. +Oh, dont speak so, master! There was a general who did not +believe, and said, The monks cheat, and as soon as hed said it +he went blind. And he dreamed that the Holy Virgin Mother of the Kiev +catacombs came to him and said, Believe in me and I will make you +whole. So he begged Take me to her, take me to her. Its the +real truth Im telling you, I saw it myself. So he was brought, quite +blind, straight to her, and he goes up to her and falls down and says, +Make me whole, says he, and Ill give thee what the Tsar +bestowed on me. I saw it myself, master, the star is fixed into the +icon. Well, and what do you think? He received his sight! Its a sin +to speak so. God will punish you, she said admonishingly, turning to +Pierre. + +How did the star get into the icon? Pierre asked. + +And was the Holy Mother promoted to the rank of general? said +Prince Andrew, with a smile. + +Pelagya suddenly grew quite pale and clasped her hands. + +Oh, master, master, what a sin! And you who have a son! she began, +her pallor suddenly turning to a vivid red. Master, what have you +said? God forgive you! And she crossed herself. Lord forgive him! +My dear, what does it mean?... she asked, turning to Princess +Mary. She got up and, almost crying, began to arrange her wallet. She +evidently felt frightened and ashamed to have accepted charity in a +house where such things could be said, and was at the same time sorry to +have now to forgo the charity of this house. + +Now, why need you do it? said Princess Mary. Why did you come +to me?... + +Come, Pelagya, I was joking, said Pierre. Princesse, ma +parole, je nai pas voulu loffenser. * I did not mean anything, +I was only joking, he said, smiling shyly and trying to efface his +offense. It was all my fault, and Andrew was only joking. + + * Princess, on my word, I did not wish to offend her. + + +Pelagya stopped doubtfully, but in Pierres face there was such a +look of sincere penitence, and Prince Andrew glanced so meekly now at +her and now at Pierre, that she was gradually reassured. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +The pilgrim woman was appeased and, being encouraged to talk, gave a +long account of Father Amphilochus, who led so holy a life that his +hands smelled of incense, and how on her last visit to Kiev some monks +she knew let her have the keys of the catacombs, and how she, taking +some dried bread with her, had spent two days in the catacombs with +the saints. Id pray awhile to one, ponder awhile, then go on to +another. Id sleep a bit and then again go and kiss the relics, and +there was such peace all around, such blessedness, that one dont want +to come out, even into the light of heaven again. + +Pierre listened to her attentively and seriously. Prince Andrew went out +of the room, and then, leaving Gods folk to finish their tea, +Princess Mary took Pierre into the drawing room. + +You are very kind, she said to him. + +Oh, I really did not mean to hurt her feelings. I understand them so +well and have the greatest respect for them. + +Princess Mary looked at him silently and smiled affectionately. + +I have known you a long time, you see, and am as fond of you as of a +brother, she said. How do you find Andrew? she added hurriedly, +not giving him time to reply to her affectionate words. I am very +anxious about him. His health was better in the winter, but last spring +his wound reopened and the doctor said he ought to go away for a +cure. And I am also very much afraid for him spiritually. He has not a +character like us women who, when we suffer, can weep away our sorrows. +He keeps it all within him. Today he is cheerful and in good spirits, +but that is the effect of your visithe is not often like that. If +you could persuade him to go abroad. He needs activity, and this quiet +regular life is very bad for him. Others dont notice it, but I see +it. + +Toward ten oclock the men servants rushed to the front door, hearing +the bells of the old princes carriage approaching. Prince Andrew and +Pierre also went out into the porch. + +Whos that? asked the old prince, noticing Pierre as he got out +of the carriage. + +Ah! Very glad! Kiss me, he said, having learned who the young +stranger was. + +The old prince was in a good temper and very gracious to Pierre. + +Before supper, Prince Andrew, coming back to his fathers study, found +him disputing hotly with his visitor. Pierre was maintaining that a time +would come when there would be no more wars. The old prince disputed it +chaffingly, but without getting angry. + +Drain the blood from mens veins and put in water instead, then +there will be no more war! Old womens nonsenseold womens +nonsense! he repeated, but still he patted Pierre affectionately +on the shoulder, and then went up to the table where Prince Andrew, +evidently not wishing to join in the conversation, was looking over the +papers his father had brought from town. The old prince went up to him +and began to talk business. + +The marshal, a Count Rostv, hasnt sent half his contingent. He +came to town and wanted to invite me to dinnerI gave him a pretty +dinner!... And there, look at this.... Well, my boy, the old prince +went on, addressing his son and patting Pierre on the shoulder. A +fine fellowyour friendI like him! He stirs me up. Another says +clever things and one doesnt care to listen, but this one talks +rubbish yet stirs an old fellow up. Well, go! Get along! Perhaps Ill +come and sit with you at supper. Well have another dispute. Make +friends with my little fool, Princess Mary, he shouted after Pierre, +through the door. + +Only now, on his visit to Bald Hills, did Pierre fully realize the +strength and charm of his friendship with Prince Andrew. That charm was +not expressed so much in his relations with him as with all his family +and with the household. With the stern old prince and the gentle, timid +Princess Mary, though he had scarcely known them, Pierre at once felt +like an old friend. They were all fond of him already. Not only Princess +Mary, who had been won by his gentleness with the pilgrims, gave him her +most radiant looks, but even the one-year-old Prince Nicholas (as +his grandfather called him) smiled at Pierre and let himself be taken +in his arms, and Michael Ivnovich and Mademoiselle Bourienne looked at +him with pleasant smiles when he talked to the old prince. + +The old prince came in to supper this was evidently on Pierres +account. And during the two days of the young mans visit he was +extremely kind to him and told him to visit them again. + +When Pierre had gone and the members of the household met together, they +began to express their opinions of him as people always do after a new +acquaintance has left, but as seldom happens, no one said anything but +what was good of him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +When returning from his leave, Rostv felt, for the first time, how +close was the bond that united him to Densov and the whole regiment. + +On approaching it, Rostv felt as he had done when approaching his home +in Moscow. When he saw the first hussar with the unbuttoned uniform +of his regiment, when he recognized red-haired Demntyev and saw the +picket ropes of the roan horses, when Lavrshka gleefully shouted to +his master, The count has come! and Densov, who had been asleep +on his bed, ran all disheveled out of the mud hut to embrace him, +and the officers collected round to greet the new arrival, Rostv +experienced the same feeling as when his mother, his father, and his +sister had embraced him, and tears of joy choked him so that he could +not speak. The regiment was also a home, and as unalterably dear and +precious as his parents house. + +When he had reported himself to the commander of the regiment and had +been reassigned to his former squadron, had been on duty and had gone +out foraging, when he had again entered into all the little interests +of the regiment and felt himself deprived of liberty and bound in one +narrow, unchanging frame, he experienced the same sense of peace, of +moral support, and the same sense of being at home here in his own +place, as he had felt under the parental roof. But here was none of +all that turmoil of the world at large, where he did not know his right +place and took mistaken decisions here was no Snya with whom he +ought, or ought not, to have an explanation here was no possibility of +going there or not going there here there were not twenty-four hours +in the day which could be spent in such a variety of ways there was not +that innumerable crowd of people of whom not one was nearer to him or +farther from him than another there were none of those uncertain and +undefined money relations with his father, and nothing to recall that +terrible loss to Dlokhov. Here, in the regiment, all was clear and +simple. The whole world was divided into two unequal parts one, our +Pvlograd regiment the other, all the rest. And the rest was no +concern of his. In the regiment, everything was definite who was +lieutenant, who captain, who was a good fellow, who a bad one, and most +of all, who was a comrade. The canteenkeeper gave one credit, ones +pay came every four months, there was nothing to think out or decide, +you had only to do nothing that was considered bad in the Pvlograd +regiment and, when given an order, to do what was clearly, distinctly, +and definitely orderedand all would be well. + +Having once more entered into the definite conditions of this regimental +life, Rostv felt the joy and relief a tired man feels on lying down to +rest. Life in the regiment, during this campaign, was all the pleasanter +for him, because, after his loss to Dlokhov (for which, in spite +of all his familys efforts to console him, he could not forgive +himself), he had made up his mind to atone for his fault by serving, +not as he had done before, but really well, and by being a perfectly +first-rate comrade and officerin a word, a splendid man altogether, a +thing which seemed so difficult out in the world, but so possible in the +regiment. + +After his losses, he had determined to pay back his debt to his parents +in five years. He received ten thousand rubles a year, but now resolved +to take only two thousand and leave the rest to repay the debt to his +parents. + +Our army, after repeated retreats and advances and battles at Pultsk +and Preussisch-Eylau, was concentrated near Bartenstein. It was awaiting +the Emperors arrival and the beginning of a new campaign. + +The Pvlograd regiment, belonging to that part of the army which had +served in the 1805 campaign, had been recruiting up to strength in +Russia, and arrived too late to take part in the first actions of the +campaign. It had been neither at Pultsk nor at Preussisch-Eylau and, +when it joined the army in the field in the second half of the campaign, +was attached to Pltovs division. + +Pltovs division was acting independently of the main army. Several +times parts of the Pvlograd regiment had exchanged shots with +the enemy, had taken prisoners, and once had even captured Marshal +Oudinots carriages. In April the Pvlograds were stationed immovably +for some weeks near a totally ruined and deserted German village. + +A thaw had set in, it was muddy and cold, the ice on the river broke, +and the roads became impassable. For days neither provisions for the +men nor fodder for the horses had been issued. As no transports could +arrive, the men dispersed about the abandoned and deserted villages, +searching for potatoes, but found few even of these. + +Everything had been eaten up and the inhabitants had all fledif any +remained, they were worse than beggars and nothing more could be taken +from them even the soldiers, usually pitiless enough, instead of taking +anything from them, often gave them the last of their rations. + +The Pvlograd regiment had had only two men wounded in action, but had +lost nearly half its men from hunger and sickness. In the hospitals, +death was so certain that soldiers suffering from fever, or the swelling +that came from bad food, preferred to remain on duty, and hardly able +to drag their legs went to the front rather than to the hospitals. +When spring came on, the soldiers found a plant just showing out of the +ground that looked like asparagus, which, for some reason, they called +Mshkas sweet root. It was very bitter, but they wandered +about the fields seeking it and dug it out with their sabers and ate it, +though they were ordered not to do so, as it was a noxious plant. That +spring a new disease broke out among the soldiers, a swelling of the +arms, legs, and face, which the doctors attributed to eating this root. +But in spite of all this, the soldiers of Densovs squadron fed +chiefly on Mshkas sweet root, because it was the second week +that the last of the biscuits were being doled out at the rate of half a +pound a man and the last potatoes received had sprouted and frozen. + +The horses also had been fed for a fortnight on straw from the thatched +roofs and had become terribly thin, though still covered with tufts of +felty winter hair. + +Despite this destitution, the soldiers and officers went on living just +as usual. Despite their pale swollen faces and tattered uniforms, the +hussars formed line for roll call, kept things in order, groomed their +horses, polished their arms, brought in straw from the thatched roofs in +place of fodder, and sat down to dine round the caldrons from which +they rose up hungry, joking about their nasty food and their hunger. As +usual, in their spare time, they lit bonfires, steamed themselves before +them naked smoked, picked out and baked sprouting rotten potatoes, told +and listened to stories of Potmkins and Suvrovs campaigns, or +to legends of Alsha the Sly, or the priests laborer Miklka. + +The officers, as usual, lived in twos and threes in the roofless, +half-ruined houses. The seniors tried to collect straw and potatoes and, +in general, food for the men. The younger ones occupied themselves as +before, some playing cards (there was plenty of money, though there was +no food), some with more innocent games, such as quoits and skittles. +The general trend of the campaign was rarely spoken of, partly because +nothing certain was known about it, partly because there was a vague +feeling that in the main it was going badly. + +Rostv lived, as before, with Densov, and since their furlough they +had become more friendly than ever. Densov never spoke of Rostvs +family, but by the tender friendship his commander showed him, Rostv +felt that the elder hussars luckless love for Natsha played a part +in strengthening their friendship. Densov evidently tried to expose +Rostv to danger as seldom as possible, and after an action greeted his +safe return with evident joy. On one of his foraging expeditions, in +a deserted and ruined village to which he had come in search of +provisions, Rostv found a family consisting of an old Pole and his +daughter with an infant in arms. They were half clad, hungry, too weak +to get away on foot and had no means of obtaining a conveyance. Rostv +brought them to his quarters, placed them in his own lodging, and +kept them for some weeks while the old man was recovering. One of his +comrades, talking of women, began chaffing Rostv, saying that he was +more wily than any of them and that it would not be a bad thing if he +introduced to them the pretty Polish girl he had saved. Rostv took +the joke as an insult, flared up, and said such unpleasant things to the +officer that it was all Densov could do to prevent a duel. When +the officer had gone away, Densov, who did not himself know what +Rostvs relations with the Polish girl might be, began to upbraid +him for his quickness of temper, and Rostv replied + +Say what you like.... She is like a sister to me, and I cant tell +you how it offended me... because... well, for that reason.... + +Densov patted him on the shoulder and began rapidly pacing the room +without looking at Rostv, as was his way at moments of deep feeling. + +Ah, what a mad bweed you Wostvs are! he muttered, and Rostv +noticed tears in his eyes. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +In April the troops were enlivened by news of the Emperors arrival, +but Rostv had no chance of being present at the review he held at +Bartenstein, as the Pvlograds were at the outposts far beyond that +place. + +They were bivouacking. Densov and Rostv were living in an earth hut, +dug out for them by the soldiers and roofed with branches and turf. The +hut was made in the following manner, which had then come into vogue. A +trench was dug three and a half feet wide, four feet eight inches deep, +and eight feet long. At one end of the trench, steps were cut out and +these formed the entrance and vestibule. The trench itself was the room, +in which the lucky ones, such as the squadron commander, had a board, +lying on piles at the end opposite the entrance, to serve as a table. On +each side of the trench, the earth was cut out to a breadth of about two +and a half feet, and this did duty for bedsteads and couches. The roof +was so constructed that one could stand up in the middle of the trench +and could even sit up on the beds if one drew close to the table. +Densov, who was living luxuriously because the soldiers of his +squadron liked him, had also a board in the roof at the farther end, +with a piece of (broken but mended) glass in it for a window. When it +was very cold, embers from the soldiers campfire were placed on +a bent sheet of iron on the steps in the reception roomas +Densov called that part of the hutand it was then so warm that the +officers, of whom there were always some with Densov and Rostv, sat +in their shirt sleeves. + +In April, Rostv was on orderly duty. One morning, between seven and +eight, returning after a sleepless night, he sent for embers, changed +his rain-soaked underclothes, said his prayers, drank tea, got warm, +then tidied up the things on the table and in his own corner, and, +his face glowing from exposure to the wind and with nothing on but his +shirt, lay down on his back, putting his arms under his head. He was +pleasantly considering the probability of being promoted in a few days +for his last reconnoitering expedition, and was awaiting Densov, who +had gone out somewhere and with whom he wanted a talk. + +Suddenly he heard Densov shouting in a vibrating voice behind the hut, +evidently much excited. Rostv moved to the window to see whom he was +speaking to, and saw the quartermaster, Topchenko. + +I ordered you not to let them eat that Mshka woot stuff! +Densov was shouting. And I saw with my own eyes how Lazarchk +bwought some fwom the fields. + +I have given the order again and again, your honor, but they dont +obey, answered the quartermaster. + +Rostv lay down again on his bed and thought complacently Let +him fuss and bustle now, my jobs done and Im lying +downcapitally! He could hear that Lavrshkathat sly, bold +orderly of Densovswas talking, as well as the quartermaster. +Lavrshka was saying something about loaded wagons, biscuits, and oxen +he had seen when he had gone out for provisions. + +Then Densovs voice was heard shouting farther and farther away. +Saddle! Second platoon! + +Where are they off to now? thought Rostv. + +Five minutes later, Densov came into the hut, climbed with muddy boots +on the bed, lit his pipe, furiously scattered his things about, took +his leaded whip, buckled on his saber, and went out again. In answer to +Rostvs inquiry where he was going, he answered vaguely and crossly +that he had some business. + +Let God and our gweat monarch judge me afterwards! said Densov +going out, and Rostv heard the hoofs of several horses splashing +through the mud. He did not even trouble to find out where Densov had +gone. Having got warm in his corner, he fell asleep and did not leave +the hut till toward evening. Densov had not yet returned. The weather +had cleared up, and near the next hut two officers and a cadet were +playing svyka, laughing as they threw their missiles which buried +themselves in the soft mud. Rostv joined them. In the middle of the +game, the officers saw some wagons approaching with fifteen hussars on +their skinny horses behind them. The wagons escorted by the hussars drew +up to the picket ropes and a crowd of hussars surrounded them. + +There now, Densov has been worrying, said Rostv, and here +are the provisions. + +So they are! said the officers. Wont the soldiers be +glad! + +A little behind the hussars came Densov, accompanied by two infantry +officers with whom he was talking. + +Rostv went to meet them. + +I warn you, Captain, one of the officers, a short thin man, +evidently very angry, was saying. + +Havent I told you I wont give them up? replied Densov. + +You will answer for it, Captain. It is mutinyseizing the transport +of ones own army. Our men have had nothing to eat for two days. + +And mine have had nothing for two weeks, said Densov. + +It is robbery! Youll answer for it, sir! said the infantry +officer, raising his voice. + +Now, what are you pestewing me for? cried Densov, suddenly +losing his temper. I shall answer for it and not you, and youd +better not buzz about here till you get hurt. Be off! Go! he shouted +at the officers. + +Very well, then! shouted the little officer, undaunted and not +riding away. If you are determined to rob, Ill... + +Go to the devil! quick mach, while youre safe and sound! and +Densov turned his horse on the officer. + +Very well, very well! muttered the officer, threateningly, and +turning his horse he trotted away, jolting in his saddle. + +A dog astwide a fence! A weal dog astwide a fence! shouted +Densov after him (the most insulting expression a cavalryman can +address to a mounted infantryman) and riding up to Rostv, he burst out +laughing. + +Ive taken twansports from the infantwy by force! he said. +After all, cant let our men starve. + +The wagons that had reached the hussars had been consigned to an +infantry regiment, but learning from Lavrshka that the transport +was unescorted, Densov with his hussars had seized it by force. The +soldiers had biscuits dealt out to them freely, and they even shared +them with the other squadrons. + +The next day the regimental commander sent for Densov, and holding his +fingers spread out before his eyes said + +This is how I look at this affair I know nothing about it and +wont begin proceedings, but I advise you to ride over to the staff +and settle the business there in the commissariat department and if +possible sign a receipt for such and such stores received. If not, as +the demand was booked against an infantry regiment, there will be a row +and the affair may end badly. + +From the regimental commanders, Densov rode straight to the staff +with a sincere desire to act on this advice. In the evening he came +back to his dugout in a state such as Rostv had never yet seen him in. +Densov could not speak and gasped for breath. When Rostv asked what +was the matter, he only uttered some incoherent oaths and threats in a +hoarse, feeble voice. + +Alarmed at Densovs condition, Rostv suggested that he should +undress, drink some water, and send for the doctor. + +Twy me for wobbewy... oh! Some more water... Let them twy me, but +Ill always thwash scoundwels... and Ill tell the Empewo... +Ice... he muttered. + +The regimental doctor, when he came, said it was absolutely necessary +to bleed Densov. A deep saucer of black blood was taken from his hairy +arm and only then was he able to relate what had happened to him. + +I get there, began Densov. Now then, wheres your +chiefs quarters? They were pointed out. Please to wait. +Ive widden twenty miles and have duties to attend to and no time +to wait. Announce me. Vewy well, so out comes their head +chiefalso took it into his head to lecture me Its +wobbewy!Wobbewy, I say, is not done by man who seizes +pwovisions to feed his soldiers, but by him who takes them to fill his +own pockets! Will you please be silent? Vewy good! Then +he says Go and give a weceipt to the commissioner, but your affair +will be passed on to headquarters. I go to the commissioner. I enter, +and at the table... who do you think? No, but wait a bit!... Who is it +thats starving us? shouted Densov, hitting the table with the +fist of his newly bled arm so violently that the table nearly broke down +and the tumblers on it jumped about. Telynin! What? So its +you whos starving us to death! Is it? Take this and this! and I +hit him so pat, stwaight on his snout... Ah, what a... what a...! +and I stated fwashing him... Well, Ive had a bit of fun I can tell +you! cried Densov, gleeful and yet angry, his white teeth showing +under his black mustache. Id have killed him if they hadnt +taken him away! + +But what are you shouting for? Calm yourself, said Rostv. +Youve set your arm bleeding afresh. Wait, we must tie it up +again. + +Densov was bandaged up again and put to bed. Next day he woke calm and +cheerful. + +But at noon the adjutant of the regiment came into Rostvs and +Densovs dugout with a grave and serious face and regretfully showed +them a paper addressed to Major Densov from the regimental commander +in which inquiries were made about yesterdays occurrence. The +adjutant told them that the affair was likely to take a very bad +turn that a court-martial had been appointed, and that in view of the +severity with which marauding and insubordination were now regarded, +degradation to the ranks would be the best that could be hoped for. + +The case, as represented by the offended parties, was that, after +seizing the transports, Major Densov, being drunk, went to the chief +quartermaster and without any provocation called him a thief, threatened +to strike him, and on being led out had rushed into the office and given +two officials a thrashing, and dislocated the arm of one of them. + +In answer to Rostvs renewed questions, Densov said, laughing, +that he thought he remembered that some other fellow had got mixed up +in it, but that it was all nonsense and rubbish, and he did not in the +least fear any kind of trial, and that if those scoundrels dared attack +him he would give them an answer that they would not easily forget. + +Densov spoke contemptuously of the whole matter, but Rostv knew him +too well not to detect that (while hiding it from others) at heart +he feared a court-martial and was worried over the affair, which was +evidently taking a bad turn. Every day, letters of inquiry and notices +from the court arrived, and on the first of May, Densov was ordered +to hand the squadron over to the next in seniority and appear before +the staff of his division to explain his violence at the commissariat +office. On the previous day Pltov reconnoitered with two Cossack +regiments and two squadrons of hussars. Densov, as was his wont, rode +out in front of the outposts, parading his courage. A bullet fired by +a French sharpshooter hit him in the fleshy part of his leg. Perhaps at +another time Densov would not have left the regiment for so slight a +wound, but now he took advantage of it to excuse himself from appearing +at the staff and went into hospital. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +In June the battle of Friedland was fought, in which the Pvlograds did +not take part, and after that an armistice was proclaimed. Rostv, who +felt his friends absence very much, having no news of him since he +left and feeling very anxious about his wound and the progress of his +affairs, took advantage of the armistice to get leave to visit Densov +in hospital. + +The hospital was in a small Prussian town that had been twice devastated +by Russian and French troops. Because it was summer, when it is so +beautiful out in the fields, the little town presented a particularly +dismal appearance with its broken roofs and fences, its foul streets, +tattered inhabitants, and the sick and drunken soldiers wandering about. + +The hospital was in a brick building with some of the window frames and +panes broken and a courtyard surrounded by the remains of a wooden fence +that had been pulled to pieces. Several bandaged soldiers, with pale +swollen faces, were sitting or walking about in the sunshine in the +yard. + +Directly Rostv entered the door he was enveloped by a smell of +putrefaction and hospital air. On the stairs he met a Russian army +doctor smoking a cigar. The doctor was followed by a Russian assistant. + +I cant tear myself to pieces, the doctor was saying. Come to +Makr Alexevich in the evening. I shall be there. + +The assistant asked some further questions. + +Oh, do the best you can! Isnt it all the same? The doctor +noticed Rostv coming upstairs. + +What do you want, sir? said the doctor. What do you want? +The bullets having spared you, do you want to try typhus? This is a +pesthouse, sir. + +How so? asked Rostv. + +Typhus, sir. Its death to go in. Only we two, Makev and I (he +pointed to the assistant), keep on here. Some five of us doctors have +died in this place.... When a new one comes he is done for in a week, +said the doctor with evident satisfaction. Prussian doctors have been +invited here, but our allies dont like it at all. + +Rostv explained that he wanted to see Major Densov of the hussars, +who was wounded. + +I dont know. I cant tell you, sir. Only think! I am alone in +charge of three hospitals with more than four hundred patients! Its +well that the charitable Prussian ladies send us two pounds of coffee +and some lint each month or we should be lost! he laughed. Four +hundred, sir, and theyre always sending me fresh ones. There are four +hundred? Eh? he asked, turning to the assistant. + +The assistant looked fagged out. He was evidently vexed and impatient +for the talkative doctor to go. + +Major Densov, Rostv said again. He was wounded at +Molliten. + +Dead, I fancy. Eh, Makev? queried the doctor, in a tone of +indifference. + +The assistant, however, did not confirm the doctors words. + +Is he tall and with reddish hair? asked the doctor. + +Rostv described Densovs appearance. + +There was one like that, said the doctor, as if pleased. That +one is dead, I fancy. However, Ill look up our list. We had a list. +Have you got it, Makev? + +Makr Alexevich has the list, answered the assistant. But if +youll step into the officers wards youll see for yourself, +he added, turning to Rostv. + +Ah, youd better not go, sir, said the doctor, or you may +have to stay here yourself. + +But Rostv bowed himself away from the doctor and asked the assistant +to show him the way. + +Only dont blame me! the doctor shouted up after him. + +Rostv and the assistant went into the dark corridor. The smell was so +strong there that Rostv held his nose and had to pause and collect +his strength before he could go on. A door opened to the right, and an +emaciated sallow man on crutches, barefoot and in underclothing, limped +out and, leaning against the doorpost, looked with glittering envious +eyes at those who were passing. Glancing in at the door, Rostv +saw that the sick and wounded were lying on the floor on straw and +overcoats. + +May I go in and look? + +What is there to see? said the assistant. + +But, just because the assistant evidently did not want him to go in, +Rostv entered the soldiers ward. The foul air, to which he had +already begun to get used in the corridor, was still stronger here. It +was a little different, more pungent, and one felt that this was where +it originated. + +In the long room, brightly lit up by the sun through the large windows, +the sick and wounded lay in two rows with their heads to the walls, and +leaving a passage in the middle. Most of them were unconscious and +paid no attention to the newcomers. Those who were conscious raised +themselves or lifted their thin yellow faces, and all looked intently at +Rostv with the same expression of hope, of relief, reproach, and +envy of anothers health. Rostv went to the middle of the room and +looking through the open doors into the two adjoining rooms saw the same +thing there. He stood still, looking silently around. He had not at all +expected such a sight. Just before him, almost across the middle of the +passage on the bare floor, lay a sick man, probably a Cossack to judge +by the cut of his hair. The man lay on his back, his huge arms and legs +outstretched. His face was purple, his eyes were rolled back so that +only the whites were seen, and on his bare legs and arms which were +still red, the veins stood out like cords. He was knocking the back of +his head against the floor, hoarsely uttering some word which he kept +repeating. Rostv listened and made out the word. It was drink, +drink, a drink! Rostv glanced round, looking for someone who would +put this man back in his place and bring him water. + +Who looks after the sick here? he asked the assistant. + +Just then a commissariat soldier, a hospital orderly, came in from the +next room, marching stiffly, and drew up in front of Rostv. + +Good day, your honor! he shouted, rolling his eyes at Rostv and +evidently mistaking him for one of the hospital authorities. + +Get him to his place and give him some water, said Rostv, +pointing to the Cossack. + +Yes, your honor, the soldier replied complacently, and rolling +his eyes more than ever he drew himself up still straighter, but did not +move. + +No, its impossible to do anything here, thought Rostv, +lowering his eyes, and he was going out, but became aware of an intense +look fixed on him on his right, and he turned. Close to the corner, on +an overcoat, sat an old, unshaven, gray-bearded soldier as thin as a +skeleton, with a stern sallow face and eyes intently fixed on Rostv. +The mans neighbor on one side whispered something to him, pointing +at Rostv, who noticed that the old man wanted to speak to him. He drew +nearer and saw that the old man had only one leg bent under him, the +other had been amputated above the knee. His neighbor on the other side, +who lay motionless some distance from him with his head thrown back, was +a young soldier with a snub nose. His pale waxen face was still freckled +and his eyes were rolled back. Rostv looked at the young soldier and a +cold chill ran down his back. + +Why, this one seems... he began, turning to the assistant. + +And how weve been begging, your honor, said the old soldier, +his jaw quivering. Hes been dead since morning. After all were +men, not dogs. + +Ill send someone at once. He shall be taken awaytaken away at +once, said the assistant hurriedly. Let us go, your honor. + +Yes, yes, let us go, said Rostv hastily, and lowering his +eyes and shrinking, he tried to pass unnoticed between the rows of +reproachful envious eyes that were fixed upon him, and went out of the +room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Going along the corridor, the assistant led Rostv to the officers +wards, consisting of three rooms, the doors of which stood open. There +were beds in these rooms and the sick and wounded officers were lying or +sitting on them. Some were walking about the rooms in hospital dressing +gowns. The first person Rostv met in the officers ward was a thin +little man with one arm, who was walking about the first room in a +nightcap and hospital dressing gown, with a pipe between his teeth. +Rostv looked at him, trying to remember where he had seen him before. + +See where weve met again! said the little man. Tshin, +Tshin, dont you remember, who gave you a lift at Schn Grabern? +And Ive had a bit cut off, you see... he went on with a smile, +pointing to the empty sleeve of his dressing gown. Looking for +Vasli Dmtrich Densov? My neighbor, he added, when he heard +who Rostv wanted. Here, here, and Tshin led him into the next +room, from whence came sounds of several laughing voices. + +How can they laugh, or even live at all here? thought Rostv, +still aware of that smell of decomposing flesh that had been so strong +in the soldiers ward, and still seeming to see fixed on him those +envious looks which had followed him out from both sides, and the face +of that young soldier with eyes rolled back. + +Densov lay asleep on his bed with his head under the blanket, though +it was nearly noon. + +Ah, Wostv? How are you, how are you? he called out, still in the +same voice as in the regiment, but Rostv noticed sadly that under this +habitual ease and animation some new, sinister, hidden feeling showed +itself in the expression of Densovs face and the intonations of his +voice. + +His wound, though a slight one, had not yet healed even now, six weeks +after he had been hit. His face had the same swollen pallor as the faces +of the other hospital patients, but it was not this that struck Rostv. +What struck him was that Densov did not seem glad to see him, and +smiled at him unnaturally. He did not ask about the regiment, nor about +the general state of affairs, and when Rostv spoke of these matters +did not listen. + +Rostv even noticed that Densov did not like to be reminded of the +regiment, or in general of that other free life which was going on +outside the hospital. He seemed to try to forget that old life and +was only interested in the affair with the commissariat officers. On +Rostvs inquiry as to how the matter stood, he at once produced from +under his pillow a paper he had received from the commission and the +rough draft of his answer to it. He became animated when he began +reading his paper and specially drew Rostvs attention to the +stinging rejoinders he made to his enemies. His hospital companions, +who had gathered round Rostva fresh arrival from the world +outsidegradually began to disperse as soon as Densov began reading +his answer. Rostv noticed by their faces that all those gentlemen had +already heard that story more than once and were tired of it. Only the +man who had the next bed, a stout Uhlan, continued to sit on his bed, +gloomily frowning and smoking a pipe, and little one-armed Tshin still +listened, shaking his head disapprovingly. In the middle of the reading, +the Uhlan interrupted Densov. + +But what I say is, he said, turning to Rostv, it would be +best simply to petition the Emperor for pardon. They say great rewards +will now be distributed, and surely a pardon would be granted.... + +Me petition the Empewo! exclaimed Densov, in a voice to which +he tried hard to give the old energy and fire, but which sounded like +an expression of irritable impotence. What for? If I were a wobber I +would ask mercy, but Im being court-martialed for bwinging wobbers +to book. Let them twy me, Im not afwaid of anyone. Ive served +the Tsar and my countwy honowably and have not stolen! And am I to be +degwaded?... Listen, Im witing to them stwaight. This is what I +say If I had wobbed the Tweasuwy... + +Its certainly well written, said Tshin, but thats not +the point, Vasli Dmtrich, and he also turned to Rostv. One +has to submit, and Vasli Dmtrich doesnt want to. You know the +auditor told you it was a bad business. + +Well, let it be bad, said Densov. + +The auditor wrote out a petition for you, continued Tshin, +and you ought to sign it and ask this gentleman to take it. No doubt +he (indicating Rostv) has connections on the staff. You wont +find a better opportunity. + +Havent I said Im not going to gwovel? Densov interrupted +him, went on reading his paper. + +Rostv had not the courage to persuade Densov, though he +instinctively felt that the way advised by Tshin and the other +officers was the safest, and though he would have been glad to be of +service to Densov. He knew his stubborn will and straightforward hasty +temper. + +When the reading of Densovs virulent reply, which took more than an +hour, was over, Rostv said nothing, and he spent the rest of the day +in a most dejected state of mind amid Densovs hospital comrades, +who had gathered round him, telling them what he knew and listening to +their stories. Densov was moodily silent all the evening. + +Late in the evening, when Rostv was about to leave, he asked Densov +whether he had no commission for him. + +Yes, wait a bit, said Densov, glancing round at the officers, +and taking his papers from under his pillow he went to the window, where +he had an inkpot, and sat down to write. + +It seems its no use knocking ones head against a wall! he +said, coming from the window and giving Rostv a large envelope. In +it was the petition to the Emperor drawn up by the auditor, in +which Densov, without alluding to the offenses of the commissariat +officials, simply asked for pardon. + +Hand it in. It seems... + +He did not finish, but gave a painfully unnatural smile. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +Having returned to the regiment and told the commander the state of +Densovs affairs, Rostv rode to Tilsit with the letter to the +Emperor. + +On the thirteenth of June the French and Russian Emperors arrived in +Tilsit. Bors Drubetsky had asked the important personage on whom he +was in attendance, to include him in the suite appointed for the stay at +Tilsit. + +I should like to see the great man, he said, alluding to Napoleon, +whom hitherto he, like everyone else, had always called Buonaparte. + +You are speaking of Buonaparte? asked the general, smiling. + +Bors looked at his general inquiringly and immediately saw that he was +being tested. + +I am speaking, Prince, of the Emperor Napoleon, he replied. The +general patted him on the shoulder, with a smile. + +You will go far, he said, and took him to Tilsit with him. + +Bors was among the few present at the Niemen on the day the two +Emperors met. He saw the raft, decorated with monograms, saw Napoleon +pass before the French Guards on the farther bank of the river, saw the +pensive face of the Emperor Alexander as he sat in silence in a tavern +on the bank of the Niemen awaiting Napoleons arrival, saw both +Emperors get into boats, and saw how Napoleonreaching the raft +firststepped quickly forward to meet Alexander and held out his hand +to him, and how they both retired into the pavilion. Since he had begun +to move in the highest circles Bors had made it his habit to watch +attentively all that went on around him and to note it down. At the time +of the meeting at Tilsit he asked the names of those who had come with +Napoleon and about the uniforms they wore, and listened attentively to +words spoken by important personages. At the moment the Emperors went +into the pavilion he looked at his watch, and did not forget to look at +it again when Alexander came out. The interview had lasted an hour and +fifty-three minutes. He noted this down that same evening, among other +facts he felt to be of historic importance. As the Emperors suite +was a very small one, it was a matter of great importance, for a man who +valued his success in the service, to be at Tilsit on the occasion of +this interview between the two Emperors, and having succeeded in this, +Bors felt that henceforth his position was fully assured. He had not +only become known, but people had grown accustomed to him and accepted +him. Twice he had executed commissions to the Emperor himself, so +that the latter knew his face, and all those at court, far from +cold-shouldering him as at first when they considered him a newcomer, +would now have been surprised had he been absent. + +Bors lodged with another adjutant, the Polish Count Zhilnski. +Zhilnski, a Pole brought up in Paris, was rich, and passionately +fond of the French, and almost every day of the stay at Tilsit, French +officers of the Guard and from French headquarters were dining and +lunching with him and Bors. + +On the evening of the twenty-fourth of June, Count Zhilnski arranged a +supper for his French friends. The guest of honor was an aide-de-camp of +Napoleons, there were also several French officers of the Guard, +and a page of Napoleons, a young lad of an old aristocratic French +family. That same day, Rostv, profiting by the darkness to avoid being +recognized in civilian dress, came to Tilsit and went to the lodging +occupied by Bors and Zhilnski. + +Rostv, in common with the whole army from which he came, was far +from having experienced the change of feeling toward Napoleon and the +Frenchwho from being foes had suddenly become friendsthat had +taken place at headquarters and in Bors. In the army, Bonaparte and +the French were still regarded with mingled feelings of anger, contempt, +and fear. Only recently, talking with one of Pltovs Cossack +officers, Rostv had argued that if Napoleon were taken prisoner he +would be treated not as a sovereign, but as a criminal. Quite lately, +happening to meet a wounded French colonel on the road, Rostv had +maintained with heat that peace was impossible between a legitimate +sovereign and the criminal Bonaparte. Rostv was therefore unpleasantly +struck by the presence of French officers in Bors lodging, dressed +in uniforms he had been accustomed to see from quite a different point +of view from the outposts of the flank. As soon as he noticed a French +officer, who thrust his head out of the door, that warlike feeling of +hostility which he always experienced at the sight of the enemy suddenly +seized him. He stopped at the threshold and asked in Russian whether +Drubetsky lived there. Bors, hearing a strange voice in the +anteroom, came out to meet him. An expression of annoyance showed itself +for a moment on his face on first recognizing Rostv. + +Ah, its you? Very glad, very glad to see you, he said, however, +coming toward him with a smile. But Rostv had noticed his first +impulse. + +Ive come at a bad time I think. I should not have come, but I have +business, he said coldly. + +No, I only wonder how you managed to get away from your regiment. +Dans un moment je suis vous, * he said, answering someone who +called him. + + * In a minute I shall be at your disposal. + + +I see Im intruding, Rostv repeated. + +The look of annoyance had already disappeared from Bors face +having evidently reflected and decided how to act, he very quietly took +both Rostvs hands and led him into the next room. His eyes, looking +serenely and steadily at Rostv, seemed to be veiled by something, +as if screened by blue spectacles of conventionality. So it seemed to +Rostv. + +Oh, come now! As if you could come at a wrong time! said Bors, +and he led him into the room where the supper table was laid and +introduced him to his guests, explaining that he was not a civilian, but +an hussar officer, and an old friend of his. + +Count Zhilnskile Comte N. N.le Capitaine S. S., said he, +naming his guests. Rostv looked frowningly at the Frenchmen, bowed +reluctantly, and remained silent. + +Zhilnski evidently did not receive this new Russian person very +willingly into his circle and did not speak to Rostv. Bors did not +appear to notice the constraint the newcomer produced and, with the same +pleasant composure and the same veiled look in his eyes with which +he had met Rostv, tried to enliven the conversation. One of the +Frenchmen, with the politeness characteristic of his countrymen, +addressed the obstinately taciturn Rostv, saying that the latter had +probably come to Tilsit to see the Emperor. + +No, I came on business, replied Rostv, briefly. + +Rostv had been out of humor from the moment he noticed the look of +dissatisfaction on Bors face, and as always happens to those in a +bad humor, it seemed to him that everyone regarded him with aversion +and that he was in everybodys way. He really was in their way, for he +alone took no part in the conversation which again became general. The +looks the visitors cast on him seemed to say And what is he sitting +here for? He rose and went up to Bors. + +Anyhow, Im in your way, he said in a low tone. Come and talk +over my business and Ill go away. + +Oh, no, not at all, said Bors. But if you are tired, come and +lie down in my room and have a rest. + +Yes, really... + +They went into the little room where Bors slept. Rostv, without +sitting down, began at once, irritably (as if Bors were to blame in +some way) telling him about Densovs affair, asking him whether, +through his general, he could and would intercede with the Emperor on +Densovs behalf and get Densovs petition handed in. When he +and Bors were alone, Rostv felt for the first time that he could not +look Bors in the face without a sense of awkwardness. Bors, with one +leg crossed over the other and stroking his left hand with the slender +fingers of his right, listened to Rostv as a general listens to the +report of a subordinate, now looking aside and now gazing straight into +Rostvs eyes with the same veiled look. Each time this happened +Rostv felt uncomfortable and cast down his eyes. + +I have heard of such cases and know that His Majesty is very severe +in such affairs. I think it would be best not to bring it before the +Emperor, but to apply to the commander of the corps.... But in general, +I think... + +So you dont want to do anything? Well then, say so! Rostv +almost shouted, not looking Bors in the face. + +Bors smiled. + +On the contrary, I will do what I can. Only I thought... + +At that moment Zhilnskis voice was heard calling Bors. + +Well then, go, go, go... said Rostv, and refusing supper and +remaining alone in the little room, he walked up and down for a long +time, hearing the lighthearted French conversation from the next room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +Rostv had come to Tilsit the day least suitable for a petition +on Densovs behalf. He could not himself go to the general in +attendance as he was in mufti and had come to Tilsit without permission +to do so, and Bors, even had he wished to, could not have done so on +the following day. On that day, June 27, the preliminaries of peace were +signed. The Emperors exchanged decorations Alexander received the Cross +of the Legion of Honor and Napoleon the Order of St. Andrew of the +First Degree, and a dinner had been arranged for the evening, given by +a battalion of the French Guards to the Preobrazhnsk battalion. The +Emperors were to be present at that banquet. + +Rostv felt so ill at ease and uncomfortable with Bors that, when the +latter looked in after supper, he pretended to be asleep, and early next +morning went away, avoiding Bors. In his civilian clothes and a +round hat, he wandered about the town, staring at the French and their +uniforms and at the streets and houses where the Russian and French +Emperors were staying. In a square he saw tables being set up and +preparations made for the dinner he saw the Russian and French colors +draped from side to side of the streets, with huge monograms A and N. In +the windows of the houses also flags and bunting were displayed. + +Bors doesnt want to help me and I dont want to ask him. +Thats settled, thought Nicholas. All is over between us, but +I wont leave here without having done all I can for Densov and +certainly not without getting his letter to the Emperor. The Emperor!... +He is here! thought Rostv, who had unconsciously returned to the +house where Alexander lodged. + +Saddled horses were standing before the house and the suite were +assembling, evidently preparing for the Emperor to come out. + +I may see him at any moment, thought Rostv. If only I were +to hand the letter direct to him and tell him all... could they really +arrest me for my civilian clothes? Surely not! He would understand on +whose side justice lies. He understands everything, knows everything. +Who can be more just, more magnanimous than he? And even if they did +arrest me for being here, what would it matter? thought he, looking +at an officer who was entering the house the Emperor occupied. After +all, people do go in.... Its all nonsense! Ill go in and hand +the letter to the Emperor myself so much the worse for Drubetsky who +drives me to it! And suddenly with a determination he himself did not +expect, Rostv felt for the letter in his pocket and went straight to +the house. + +No, I wont miss my opportunity now, as I did after Austerlitz, +he thought, expecting every moment to meet the monarch, and conscious of +the blood that rushed to his heart at the thought. I will fall at +his feet and beseech him. He will lift me up, will listen, and will even +thank me. I am happy when I can do good, but to remedy injustice is +the greatest happiness, Rostv fancied the sovereign saying. And +passing people who looked after him with curiosity, he entered the porch +of the Emperors house. + +A broad staircase led straight up from the entry, and to the right he +saw a closed door. Below, under the staircase, was a door leading to the +lower floor. + +Whom do you want? someone inquired. + +To hand in a letter, a petition, to His Majesty, said Nicholas, +with a tremor in his voice. + +A petition? This way, to the officer on duty (he was shown the +door leading downstairs), only it wont be accepted. + +On hearing this indifferent voice, Rostv grew frightened at what +he was doing the thought of meeting the Emperor at any moment was so +fascinating and consequently so alarming that he was ready to run away, +but the official who had questioned him opened the door, and Rostv +entered. + +A short stout man of about thirty, in white breeches and high boots and +a batiste shirt that he had evidently only just put on, standing in that +room, and his valet was buttoning on to the back of his breeches a +new pair of handsome silk-embroidered braces that, for some reason, +attracted Rostvs attention. This man was speaking to someone in the +adjoining room. + +A good figure and in her first bloom, he was saying, but on seeing +Rostv, he stopped short and frowned. + +What is it? A petition? + +What is it? asked the person in the other room. + +Another petitioner, answered the man with the braces. + +Tell him to come later. Hell be coming out directly, we must +go. + +Later... later! Tomorrow. Its too late... + +Rostv turned and was about to go, but the man in the braces stopped +him. + +Whom have you come from? Who are you? + +I come from Major Densov, answered Rostv. + +Are you an officer? + +Lieutenant Count Rostv. + +What audacity! Hand it in through your commander. And go along with +you... go, and he continued to put on the uniform the valet handed +him. + +Rostv went back into the hall and noticed that in the porch there were +many officers and generals in full parade uniform, whom he had to pass. + +Cursing his temerity, his heart sinking at the thought of finding +himself at any moment face to face with the Emperor and being put to +shame and arrested in his presence, fully alive now to the impropriety +of his conduct and repenting of it, Rostv, with downcast eyes, was +making his way out of the house through the brilliant suite when a +familiar voice called him and a hand detained him. + +What are you doing here, sir, in civilian dress? asked a deep +voice. + +It was a cavalry general who had obtained the Emperors special favor +during this campaign, and who had formerly commanded the division in +which Rostv was serving. + +Rostv, in dismay, began justifying himself, but seeing the kindly, +jocular face of the general, he took him aside and in an excited voice +told him the whole affair, asking him to intercede for Densov, whom +the general knew. Having heard Rostv to the end, the general shook his +head gravely. + +Im sorry, sorry for that fine fellow. Give me the letter. + +Hardly had Rostv handed him the letter and finished explaining +Densovs case, when hasty steps and the jingling of spurs were heard +on the stairs, and the general, leaving him, went to the porch. The +gentlemen of the Emperors suite ran down the stairs and went to their +horses. Hayne, the same groom who had been at Austerlitz, led up the +Emperors horse, and the faint creak of a footstep Rostv knew at +once was heard on the stairs. Forgetting the danger of being recognized, +Rostv went close to the porch, together with some inquisitive +civilians, and again, after two years, saw those features he adored +that same face and same look and step, and the same union of majesty and +mildness.... And the feeling of enthusiasm and love for his sovereign +rose again in Rostvs soul in all its old force. In the uniform of +the Preobrazhnsk regimentwhite chamois-leather breeches and high +bootsand wearing a star Rostv did not know (it was that of the +Lgion dhonneur), the monarch came out into the porch, putting on +his gloves and carrying his hat under his arm. He stopped and looked +about him, brightening everything around by his glance. He spoke a few +words to some of the generals, and, recognizing the former commander of +Rostvs division, smiled and beckoned to him. + +All the suite drew back and Rostv saw the general talking for some +time to the Emperor. + +The Emperor said a few words to him and took a step toward his horse. +Again the crowd of members of the suite and street gazers (among whom +was Rostv) moved nearer to the Emperor. Stopping beside his horse, +with his hand on the saddle, the Emperor turned to the cavalry general +and said in a loud voice, evidently wishing to be heard by all + +I cannot do it, General. I cannot, because the law is stronger than +I, and he raised his foot to the stirrup. + +The general bowed his head respectfully, and the monarch mounted and +rode down the street at a gallop. Beside himself with enthusiasm, +Rostv ran after him with the crowd. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +The Emperor rode to the square where, facing one another, a battalion +of the Preobrazhnsk regiment stood on the right and a battalion of the +French Guards in their bearskin caps on the left. + +As the Tsar rode up to one flank of the battalions, which presented +arms, another group of horsemen galloped up to the opposite flank, and +at the head of them Rostv recognized Napoleon. It could be no one +else. He came at a gallop, wearing a small hat, a blue uniform open over +a white vest, and the St. Andrew ribbon over his shoulder. He was riding +a very fine thoroughbred gray Arab horse with a crimson gold-embroidered +saddlecloth. On approaching Alexander he raised his hat, and as he did +so, Rostv, with his cavalrymans eye, could not help noticing +that Napoleon did not sit well or firmly in the saddle. The battalions +shouted Hurrah! and Vive lEmpereur! Napoleon said +something to Alexander, and both Emperors dismounted and took each +others hands. Napoleons face wore an unpleasant and artificial +smile. Alexander was saying something affable to him. + +In spite of the trampling of the French gendarmes horses, which +were pushing back the crowd, Rostv kept his eyes on every movement +of Alexander and Bonaparte. It struck him as a surprise that Alexander +treated Bonaparte as an equal and that the latter was quite at ease with +the Tsar, as if such relations with an Emperor were an everyday matter +to him. + +Alexander and Napoleon, with the long train of their suites, approached +the right flank of the Preobrazhnsk battalion and came straight up to +the crowd standing there. The crowd unexpectedly found itself so close +to the Emperors that Rostv, standing in the front row, was afraid he +might be recognized. + +Sire, I ask your permission to present the Legion of Honor to the +bravest of your soldiers, said a sharp, precise voice, articulating +every letter. + +This was said by the undersized Napoleon, looking up straight into +Alexanders eyes. Alexander listened attentively to what was said to +him and, bending his head, smiled pleasantly. + +To him who has borne himself most bravely in this last war, added +Napoleon, accentuating each syllable, as with a composure and assurance +exasperating to Rostv, he ran his eyes over the Russian ranks drawn +up before him, who all presented arms with their eyes fixed on their +Emperor. + +Will Your Majesty allow me to consult the colonel? said Alexander +and took a few hasty steps toward Prince Kozlvski, the commander of +the battalion. + +Bonaparte meanwhile began taking the glove off his small white hand, +tore it in doing so, and threw it away. An aide-de-camp behind him +rushed forward and picked it up. + +To whom shall it be given? the Emperor Alexander asked Kozlvski, +in Russian in a low voice. + +To whomever Your Majesty commands. + +The Emperor knit his brows with dissatisfaction and, glancing back, +remarked + +But we must give him an answer. + +Kozlvski scanned the ranks resolutely and included Rostv in his +scrutiny. + +Can it be me? thought Rostv. + +Lzarev! the colonel called, with a frown, and Lzarev, the +first soldier in the rank, stepped briskly forward. + +Where are you off to? Stop here! voices whispered to Lzarev who +did not know where to go. Lzarev stopped, casting a sidelong look at +his colonel in alarm. His face twitched, as often happens to soldiers +called before the ranks. + +Napoleon slightly turned his head, and put his plump little hand out +behind him as if to take something. The members of his suite, guessing +at once what he wanted, moved about and whispered as they passed +something from one to another, and a pagethe same one Rostv +had seen the previous evening at Borsran forward and, bowing +respectfully over the outstretched hand and not keeping it waiting a +moment, laid in it an Order on a red ribbon. Napoleon, without looking, +pressed two fingers together and the badge was between them. Then he +approached Lzarev (who rolled his eyes and persistently gazed at his +own monarch), looked round at the Emperor Alexander to imply that what +he was now doing was done for the sake of his ally, and the small white +hand holding the Order touched one of Lzarevs buttons. It was as if +Napoleon knew that it was only necessary for his hand to deign to touch +that soldiers breast for the soldier to be forever happy, rewarded, +and distinguished from everyone else in the world. Napoleon merely laid +the cross on Lzarevs breast and, dropping his hand, turned toward +Alexander as though sure that the cross would adhere there. And it +really did. + +Officious hands, Russian and French, immediately seized the cross and +fastened it to the uniform. Lzarev glanced morosely at the little +man with white hands who was doing something to him and, still standing +motionless presenting arms, looked again straight into Alexanders +eyes, as if asking whether he should stand there, or go away, or do +something else. But receiving no orders, he remained for some time in +that rigid position. + +The Emperors remounted and rode away. The Preobrazhnsk battalion, +breaking rank, mingled with the French Guards and sat down at the tables +prepared for them. + +Lzarev sat in the place of honor. Russian and French officers embraced +him, congratulated him, and pressed his hands. Crowds of officers and +civilians drew near merely to see him. A rumble of Russian and French +voices and laughter filled the air round the tables in the square. +Two officers with flushed faces, looking cheerful and happy, passed by +Rostv. + +What dyou think of the treat? All on silver plate, one of them +was saying. Have you seen Lzarev? + +I have. + +Tomorrow, I hear, the Preobrazhnskis will give them a dinner. + +Yes, but what luck for Lzarev! Twelve hundred francs pension for +life. + +Heres a cap, lads! shouted a Preobrazhnsk soldier, donning a +shaggy French cap. + +Its a fine thing! First-rate! + +Have you heard the password? asked one Guards officer of +another. The day before yesterday it was Napolon, France, +bravoure yesterday, Alexandre, Russie, grandeur. One day our +Emperor gives it and next day Napoleon. Tomorrow our Emperor will send +a St. Georges Cross to the bravest of the French Guards. It has to be +done. He must respond in kind. + +Bors, too, with his friend Zhilnski, came to see the Preobrazhnsk +banquet. On his way back, he noticed Rostv standing by the corner of a +house. + +Rostv! How dyou do? We missed one another, he said, and could +not refrain from asking what was the matter, so strangely dismal and +troubled was Rostvs face. + +Nothing, nothing, replied Rostv. + +Youll call round? + +Yes, I will. + +Rostv stood at that corner for a long time, watching the feast from a +distance. In his mind, a painful process was going on which he could +not bring to a conclusion. Terrible doubts rose in his soul. Now he +remembered Densov with his changed expression, his submission, and the +whole hospital, with arms and legs torn off and its dirt and disease. So +vividly did he recall that hospital stench of dead flesh that he +looked round to see where the smell came from. Next he thought of that +self-satisfied Bonaparte, with his small white hand, who was now an +Emperor, liked and respected by Alexander. Then why those severed +arms and legs and those dead men?... Then again he thought of Lzarev +rewarded and Densov punished and unpardoned. He caught himself +harboring such strange thoughts that he was frightened. + +The smell of the food the Preobrazhnskis were eating and a sense of +hunger recalled him from these reflections he had to get something to +eat before going away. He went to a hotel he had noticed that morning. +There he found so many people, among them officers who, like himself, +had come in civilian clothes, that he had difficulty in getting a +dinner. Two officers of his own division joined him. The conversation +naturally turned on the peace. The officers, his comrades, like most of +the army, were dissatisfied with the peace concluded after the battle of +Friedland. They said that had we held out a little longer Napoleon would +have been done for, as his troops had neither provisions nor ammunition. +Nicholas ate and drank (chiefly the latter) in silence. He finished a +couple of bottles of wine by himself. The process in his mind went on +tormenting him without reaching a conclusion. He feared to give way to +his thoughts, yet could not get rid of them. Suddenly, on one of the +officers saying that it was humiliating to look at the French, +Rostv began shouting with uncalled-for wrath, and therefore much to +the surprise of the officers + +How can you judge whats best? he cried, the blood suddenly +rushing to his face. How can you judge the Emperors actions? What +right have we to argue? We cannot comprehend either the Emperors aims +or his actions! + +But I never said a word about the Emperor! said the officer, +justifying himself, and unable to understand Rostvs outburst, +except on the supposition that he was drunk. + +But Rostv did not listen to him. + +We are not diplomatic officials, we are soldiers and nothing more, +he went on. If we are ordered to die, we must die. If were +punished, it means that we have deserved it, its not for us to judge. +If the Emperor pleases to recognize Bonaparte as Emperor and to conclude +an alliance with him, it means that that is the right thing to do. If +once we begin judging and arguing about everything, nothing sacred +will be left! That way we shall be saying there is no Godnothing! +shouted Nicholas, banging the tablevery little to the point as it +seemed to his listeners, but quite relevantly to the course of his own +thoughts. + +Our business is to do our duty, to fight and not to think! Thats +all.... said he. + +And to drink, said one of the officers, not wishing to quarrel. + +Yes, and to drink, assented Nicholas. Hullo there! Another +bottle! he shouted. + +In 1808 the Emperor Alexander went to Erfurt for a fresh interview with +the Emperor Napoleon, and in the upper circles of Petersburg there was +much talk of the grandeur of this important meeting. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +In 1809 the intimacy between the worlds two arbiters, as +Napoleon and Alexander were called, was such that when Napoleon declared +war on Austria a Russian corps crossed the frontier to co-operate with +our old enemy Bonaparte against our old ally the Emperor of Austria, and +in court circles the possibility of marriage between Napoleon and one +of Alexanders sisters was spoken of. But besides considerations of +foreign policy, the attention of Russian society was at that time keenly +directed on the internal changes that were being undertaken in all the +departments of government. + +Life meanwhilereal life, with its essential interests of health and +sickness, toil and rest, and its intellectual interests in thought, +science, poetry, music, love, friendship, hatred, and passionswent on +as usual, independently of and apart from political friendship or enmity +with Napoleon Bonaparte and from all the schemes of reconstruction. + + + + + +BOOK SIX 1808 - 10 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Prince Andrew had spent two years continuously in the country. + +All the plans Pierre had attempted on his estatesand constantly +changing from one thing to another had never accomplishedwere carried +out by Prince Andrew without display and without perceptible difficulty. + +He had in the highest degree a practical tenacity which Pierre lacked, +and without fuss or strain on his part this set things going. + +On one of his estates the three hundred serfs were liberated and became +free agricultural laborersthis being one of the first examples of +the kind in Russia. On other estates the serfs compulsory labor was +commuted for a quitrent. A trained midwife was engaged for Boguchrovo +at his expense, and a priest was paid to teach reading and writing to +the children of the peasants and household serfs. + +Prince Andrew spent half his time at Bald Hills with his father and his +son, who was still in the care of nurses. The other half he spent in +Boguchrovo Cloister, as his father called Prince Andrews +estate. Despite the indifference to the affairs of the world he had +expressed to Pierre, he diligently followed all that went on, received +many books, and to his surprise noticed that when he or his father had +visitors from Petersburg, the very vortex of life, these people lagged +behind himselfwho never left the countryin knowledge of what was +happening in home and foreign affairs. + +Besides being occupied with his estates and reading a great variety of +books, Prince Andrew was at this time busy with a critical survey of +our last two unfortunate campaigns, and with drawing up a proposal for a +reform of the army rules and regulations. + +In the spring of 1809 he went to visit the Ryazn estates which had +been inherited by his son, whose guardian he was. + +Warmed by the spring sunshine he sat in the calche looking at the new +grass, the first leaves on the birches, and the first puffs of white +spring clouds floating across the clear blue sky. He was not thinking of +anything, but looked absent-mindedly and cheerfully from side to side. + +They crossed the ferry where he had talked with Pierre the year before. +They went through the muddy village, past threshing floors and green +fields of winter rye, downhill where snow still lodged near the bridge, +uphill where the clay had been liquefied by the rain, past strips of +stubble land and bushes touched with green here and there, and into a +birch forest growing on both sides of the road. In the forest it was +almost hot, no wind could be felt. The birches with their sticky green +leaves were motionless, and lilac-colored flowers and the first blades +of green grass were pushing up and lifting last years leaves. The +coarse evergreen color of the small fir trees scattered here and there +among the birches was an unpleasant reminder of winter. On entering the +forest the horses began to snort and sweated visibly. + +Peter the footman made some remark to the coachman the latter assented. +But apparently the coachmans sympathy was not enough for Peter, and +he turned on the box toward his master. + +How pleasant it is, your excellency! he said with a respectful +smile. + +What? + +Its pleasant, your excellency! + +What is he talking about? thought Prince Andrew. Oh, the +spring, I suppose, he thought as he turned round. Yes, really +everything is green already.... How early! The birches and cherry and +alders too are coming out.... But the oaks show no sign yet. Ah, here is +one oak! + +At the edge of the road stood an oak. Probably ten times the age of the +birches that formed the forest, it was ten times as thick and twice as +tall as they. It was an enormous tree, its girth twice as great as a +man could embrace, and evidently long ago some of its branches had been +broken off and its bark scarred. With its huge ungainly limbs sprawling +unsymmetrically, and its gnarled hands and fingers, it stood an aged, +stern, and scornful monster among the smiling birch trees. Only the +dead-looking evergreen firs dotted about in the forest, and this oak, +refused to yield to the charm of spring or notice either the spring or +the sunshine. + +Spring, love, happiness! this oak seemed to say. Are you not +weary of that stupid, meaningless, constantly repeated fraud? Always the +same and always a fraud? There is no spring, no sun, no happiness! Look +at those cramped dead firs, ever the same, and at me too, sticking out +my broken and barked fingers just where they have grown, whether from my +back or my sides as they have grown so I stand, and I do not believe in +your hopes and your lies. + +As he passed through the forest Prince Andrew turned several times to +look at that oak, as if expecting something from it. Under the oak, +too, were flowers and grass, but it stood among them scowling, rigid, +misshapen, and grim as ever. + +Yes, the oak is right, a thousand times right, thought Prince +Andrew. Let othersthe youngyield afresh to that fraud, but we +know life, our life is finished! + +A whole sequence of new thoughts, hopeless but mournfully pleasant, rose +in his soul in connection with that tree. During this journey he, as +it were, considered his life afresh and arrived at his old conclusion, +restful in its hopelessness that it was not for him to begin anything +anewbut that he must live out his life, content to do no harm, and +not disturbing himself or desiring anything. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +Prince Andrew had to see the Marshal of the Nobility for the district +in connection with the affairs of the Ryazn estate of which he was +trustee. This Marshal was Count Ily Rostv, and in the middle of May +Prince Andrew went to visit him. + +It was now hot spring weather. The whole forest was already clothed in +green. It was dusty and so hot that on passing near water one longed to +bathe. + +Prince Andrew, depressed and preoccupied with the business about which +he had to speak to the Marshal, was driving up the avenue in the grounds +of the Rostvs house at Otrdnoe. He heard merry girlish cries +behind some trees on the right and saw a group of girls running to cross +the path of his calche. Ahead of the rest and nearer to him ran a +dark-haired, remarkably slim, pretty girl in a yellow chintz dress, with +a white handkerchief on her head from under which loose locks of hair +escaped. The girl was shouting something but, seeing that he was a +stranger, ran back laughing without looking at him. + +Suddenly, he did not know why, he felt a pang. The day was so beautiful, +the sun so bright, everything around so gay, but that slim pretty girl +did not know, or wish to know, of his existence and was contented and +cheerful in her own separateprobably foolishbut bright and happy +life. What is she so glad about? What is she thinking of? Not of +the military regulations or of the arrangement of the Ryazn serfs +quitrents. Of what is she thinking? Why is she so happy? Prince +Andrew asked himself with instinctive curiosity. + +In 1809 Count Ily Rostv was living at Otrdnoe just as he had done +in former years, that is, entertaining almost the whole province with +hunts, theatricals, dinners, and music. He was glad to see Prince +Andrew, as he was to see any new visitor, and insisted on his staying +the night. + +During the dull day, in the course of which he was entertained by +his elderly hosts and by the more important of the visitors (the old +counts house was crowded on account of an approaching name day), +Prince Andrew repeatedly glanced at Natsha, gay and laughing among the +younger members of the company, and asked himself each time, What is +she thinking about? Why is she so glad? + +That night, alone in new surroundings, he was long unable to sleep. He +read awhile and then put out his candle, but relit it. It was hot in the +room, the inside shutters of which were closed. He was cross with the +stupid old man (as he called Rostv), who had made him stay by assuring +him that some necessary documents had not yet arrived from town, and he +was vexed with himself for having stayed. + +He got up and went to the window to open it. As soon as he opened the +shutters the moonlight, as if it had long been watching for this, burst +into the room. He opened the casement. The night was fresh, bright, and +very still. Just before the window was a row of pollard trees, looking +black on one side and with a silvery light on the other. Beneath the +trees grew some kind of lush, wet, bushy vegetation with silver-lit +leaves and stems here and there. Farther back beyond the dark trees a +roof glittered with dew, to the right was a leafy tree with brilliantly +white trunk and branches, and above it shone the moon, nearly at its +full, in a pale, almost starless, spring sky. Prince Andrew leaned his +elbows on the window ledge and his eyes rested on that sky. + +His room was on the first floor. Those in the rooms above were also +awake. He heard female voices overhead. + +Just once more, said a girlish voice above him which Prince Andrew +recognized at once. + +But when are you coming to bed? replied another voice. + +I wont, I cant sleep, whats the use? Come now for the last +time. + +Two girlish voices sang a musical passagethe end of some song. + +Oh, how lovely! Now go to sleep, and theres an end of it. + +You go to sleep, but I cant, said the first voice, coming +nearer to the window. She was evidently leaning right out, for the +rustle of her dress and even her breathing could be heard. Everything +was stone-still, like the moon and its light and the shadows. Prince +Andrew, too, dared not stir, for fear of betraying his unintentional +presence. + +Snya! Snya! he again heard the first speaker. Oh, how can +you sleep? Only look how glorious it is! Ah, how glorious! Do wake up, +Snya! she said almost with tears in her voice. There never, +never was such a lovely night before! + +Snya made some reluctant reply. + +Do just come and see what a moon!... Oh, how lovely! Come here.... +Darling, sweetheart, come here! There, you see? I feel like sitting down +on my heels, putting my arms round my knees like this, straining tight, +as tight as possible, and flying away! Like this.... + +Take care, youll fall out. + +He heard the sound of a scuffle and Snyas disapproving voice +Its past one oclock. + +Oh, you only spoil things for me. All right, go, go! + +Again all was silent, but Prince Andrew knew she was still sitting +there. From time to time he heard a soft rustle and at times a sigh. + +O God, O God! What does it mean? she suddenly exclaimed. To bed +then, if it must be! and she slammed the casement. + +For her I might as well not exist! thought Prince Andrew while he +listened to her voice, for some reason expecting yet fearing that she +might say something about him. There she is again! As if it were on +purpose, thought he. + +In his soul there suddenly arose such an unexpected turmoil of youthful +thoughts and hopes, contrary to the whole tenor of his life, that unable +to explain his condition to himself he lay down and fell asleep at once. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Next morning, having taken leave of no one but the count, and not +waiting for the ladies to appear, Prince Andrew set off for home. + +It was already the beginning of June when on his return journey he drove +into the birch forest where the gnarled old oak had made so strange and +memorable an impression on him. In the forest the harness bells sounded +yet more muffled than they had done six weeks before, for now all was +thick, shady, and dense, and the young firs dotted about in the forest +did not jar on the general beauty but, lending themselves to the mood +around, were delicately green with fluffy young shoots. + +The whole day had been hot. Somewhere a storm was gathering, but only +a small cloud had scattered some raindrops lightly, sprinkling the road +and the sappy leaves. The left side of the forest was dark in the shade, +the right side glittered in the sunlight, wet and shiny and scarcely +swayed by the breeze. Everything was in blossom, the nightingales +trilled, and their voices reverberated now near, now far away. + +Yes, here in this forest was that oak with which I agreed, thought +Prince Andrew. But where is it? he again wondered, gazing at +the left side of the road, and without recognizing it he looked with +admiration at the very oak he sought. The old oak, quite transfigured, +spreading out a canopy of sappy dark-green foliage, stood rapt and +slightly trembling in the rays of the evening sun. Neither gnarled +fingers nor old scars nor old doubts and sorrows were any of them in +evidence now. Through the hard century-old bark, even where there were +no twigs, leaves had sprouted such as one could hardly believe the old +veteran could have produced. + +Yes, it is the same oak, thought Prince Andrew, and all at once he +was seized by an unreasoning springtime feeling of joy and renewal. All +the best moments of his life suddenly rose to his memory. Austerlitz +with the lofty heavens, his wifes dead reproachful face, Pierre at +the ferry, that girl thrilled by the beauty of the night, and that night +itself and the moon, and... all this rushed suddenly to his mind. + +No, life is not over at thirty-one! Prince Andrew suddenly decided +finally and decisively. It is not enough for me to know what I have +in meeveryone must know it Pierre, and that young girl who wanted to +fly away into the sky, everyone must know me, so that my life may not be +lived for myself alone while others live so apart from it, but so that +it may be reflected in them all, and they and I may live in harmony! + + +On reaching home Prince Andrew decided to go to Petersburg that autumn +and found all sorts of reasons for this decision. A whole series of +sensible and logical considerations showing it to be essential for him +to go to Petersburg, and even to re-enter the service, kept springing +up in his mind. He could not now understand how he could ever even have +doubted the necessity of taking an active share in life, just as a month +before he had not understood how the idea of leaving the quiet country +could ever enter his head. It now seemed clear to him that all his +experience of life must be senselessly wasted unless he applied it to +some kind of work and again played an active part in life. He did not +even remember how formerly, on the strength of similar wretched logical +arguments, it had seemed obvious that he would be degrading himself if +he now, after the lessons he had had in life, allowed himself to believe +in the possibility of being useful and in the possibility of happiness +or love. Now reason suggested quite the opposite. After that journey +to Ryazn he found the country dull his former pursuits no longer +interested him, and often when sitting alone in his study he got up, +went to the mirror, and gazed a long time at his own face. Then he would +turn away to the portrait of his dead Lise, who with hair curled la +grecque looked tenderly and gaily at him out of the gilt frame. She +did not now say those former terrible words to him, but looked simply, +merrily, and inquisitively at him. And Prince Andrew, crossing his +arms behind him, long paced the room, now frowning, now smiling, as +he reflected on those irrational, inexpressible thoughts, secret as a +crime, which altered his whole life and were connected with Pierre, with +fame, with the girl at the window, the oak, and womans beauty +and love. And if anyone came into his room at such moments he was +particularly cold, stern, and above all unpleasantly logical. + +My dear, Princess Mary entering at such a moment would say, +little Nicholas cant go out today, its very cold. + +If it were hot, Prince Andrew would reply at such times very dryly +to his sister, he could go out in his smock, but as it is cold he +must wear warm clothes, which were designed for that purpose. That is +what follows from the fact that it is cold and not that a child who +needs fresh air should remain at home, he would add with extreme +logic, as if punishing someone for those secret illogical emotions that +stirred within him. + +At such moments Princess Mary would think how intellectual work dries +men up. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Prince Andrew arrived in Petersburg in August, 1809. It was the time +when the youthful Spernski was at the zenith of his fame and his +reforms were being pushed forward with the greatest energy. That same +August the Emperor was thrown from his calche, injured his leg, and +remained three weeks at Peterhof, receiving Spernski every day and no +one else. At that time the two famous decrees were being prepared +that so agitated societyabolishing court ranks and introducing +examinations to qualify for the grades of Collegiate Assessor and +State Councilorand not merely these but a whole state constitution, +intended to change the existing order of government in Russia legal, +administrative, and financial, from the Council of State down to the +district tribunals. Now those vague liberal dreams with which the +Emperor Alexander had ascended the throne, and which he had tried to put +into effect with the aid of his associates, Czartorski, Novosltsev, +Kochuby, and Strgonovwhom he himself in jest had called his +Comit de salut publicwere taking shape and being realized. + +Now all these men were replaced by Spernski on the civil side, and +Arakchev on the military. Soon after his arrival Prince Andrew, as a +gentleman of the chamber, presented himself at court and at a levee. The +Emperor, though he met him twice, did not favor him with a single word. +It had always seemed to Prince Andrew before that he was antipathetic +to the Emperor and that the latter disliked his face and personality +generally, and in the cold, repellent glance the Emperor gave him, he +now found further confirmation of this surmise. The courtiers explained +the Emperors neglect of him by His Majestys displeasure at +Bolknskis not having served since 1805. + +I know myself that one cannot help ones sympathies and +antipathies, thought Prince Andrew, so it will not do to present +my proposal for the reform of the army regulations to the Emperor +personally, but the project will speak for itself. + +He mentioned what he had written to an old field marshal, a friend +of his fathers. The field marshal made an appointment to see him, +received him graciously, and promised to inform the Emperor. A few +days later Prince Andrew received notice that he was to go to see the +Minister of War, Count Arakchev. + + +On the appointed day Prince Andrew entered Count Arakchevs waiting +room at nine in the morning. + +He did not know Arakchev personally, had never seen him, and all he +had heard of him inspired him with but little respect for the man. + +He is Minister of War, a man trusted by the Emperor, and I need not +concern myself about his personal qualities he has been commissioned to +consider my project, so he alone can get it adopted, thought Prince +Andrew as he waited among a number of important and unimportant people +in Count Arakchevs waiting room. + +During his service, chiefly as an adjutant, Prince Andrew had seen the +anterooms of many important men, and the different types of such rooms +were well known to him. Count Arakchevs anteroom had quite a +special character. The faces of the unimportant people awaiting their +turn for an audience showed embarrassment and servility the faces of +those of higher rank expressed a common feeling of awkwardness, covered +by a mask of unconcern and ridicule of themselves, their situation, and +the person for whom they were waiting. Some walked thoughtfully up and +down, others whispered and laughed. Prince Andrew heard the nickname +Sla Andrevich and the words, Uncle will give it to us +hot, in reference to Count Arakchev. One general (an important +personage), evidently feeling offended at having to wait so long, sat +crossing and uncrossing his legs and smiling contemptuously to himself. + +But the moment the door opened one feeling alone appeared on all +facesthat of fear. Prince Andrew for the second time asked the +adjutant on duty to take in his name, but received an ironical look and +was told that his turn would come in due course. After some others had +been shown in and out of the ministers room by the adjutant on duty, +an officer who struck Prince Andrew by his humiliated and frightened air +was admitted at that terrible door. This officers audience lasted a +long time. Then suddenly the grating sound of a harsh voice was heard +from the other side of the door, and the officerwith pale face and +trembling lipscame out and passed through the waiting room, clutching +his head. + +After this Prince Andrew was conducted to the door and the officer on +duty said in a whisper, To the right, at the window. + +Prince Andrew entered a plain tidy room and saw at the table a man of +forty with a long waist, a long closely cropped head, deep wrinkles, +scowling brows above dull greenish-hazel eyes and an overhanging red +nose. Arakchev turned his head toward him without looking at him. + +What is your petition? asked Arakchev. + +I am not petitioning, your excellency, returned Prince Andrew +quietly. + +Arakchevs eyes turned toward him. + +Sit down, said he. Prince Bolknski? + +I am not petitioning about anything. His Majesty the Emperor has +deigned to send your excellency a project submitted by me... + +You see, my dear sir, I have read your project, interrupted +Arakchev, uttering only the first words amiably and thenagain +without looking at Prince Andrewrelapsing gradually into a tone of +grumbling contempt. You are proposing new military laws? There are +many laws but no one to carry out the old ones. Nowadays everybody +designs laws, it is easier writing than doing. + +I came at His Majesty the Emperors wish to learn from your +excellency how you propose to deal with the memorandum I have +presented, said Prince Andrew politely. + +I have endorsed a resolution on your memorandum and sent it to the +committee. I do not approve of it, said Arakchev, rising and taking +a paper from his writing table. Here! and he handed it to Prince +Andrew. + +Across the paper was scrawled in pencil, without capital letters, +misspelled, and without punctuation Unsoundly constructed because +resembles an imitation of the French military code and from the Articles +of War needlessly deviating. + +To what committee has the memorandum been referred? inquired +Prince Andrew. + +To the Committee on Army Regulations, and I have recommended that +your honor should be appointed a member, but without a salary. + +Prince Andrew smiled. + +I dont want one. + +A member without salary, repeated Arakchev. I have the +honor... Eh! Call the next one! Who else is there? he shouted, bowing +to Prince Andrew. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +While waiting for the announcement of his appointment to the committee +Prince Andrew looked up his former acquaintances, particularly those he +knew to be in power and whose aid he might need. In Petersburg he now +experienced the same feeling he had had on the eve of a battle, when +troubled by anxious curiosity and irresistibly attracted to the ruling +circles where the future, on which the fate of millions depended, was +being shaped. From the irritation of the older men, the curiosity of the +uninitiated, the reserve of the initiated, the hurry and preoccupation +of everyone, and the innumerable committees and commissions of whose +existence he learned every day, he felt that now, in 1809, here in +Petersburg a vast civil conflict was in preparation, the commander in +chief of which was a mysterious person he did not know, but who was +supposed to be a man of geniusSpernski. And this movement of +reconstruction of which Prince Andrew had a vague idea, and Spernski +its chief promoter, began to interest him so keenly that the question +of the army regulations quickly receded to a secondary place in his +consciousness. + +Prince Andrew was most favorably placed to secure good reception in the +highest and most diverse Petersburg circles of the day. The reforming +party cordially welcomed and courted him, in the first place because +he was reputed to be clever and very well read, and secondly because by +liberating his serfs he had obtained the reputation of being a liberal. +The party of the old and dissatisfied, who censured the innovations, +turned to him expecting his sympathy in their disapproval of the +reforms, simply because he was the son of his father. The feminine +society world welcomed him gladly, because he was rich, distinguished, a +good match, and almost a newcomer, with a halo of romance on account +of his supposed death and the tragic loss of his wife. Besides this +the general opinion of all who had known him previously was that he had +greatly improved during these last five years, having softened and grown +more manly, lost his former affectation, pride, and contemptuous irony, +and acquired the serenity that comes with years. People talked about +him, were interested in him, and wanted to meet him. + +The day after his interview with Count Arakchev, Prince Andrew spent +the evening at Count Kochubys. He told the count of his interview +with Sla Andrevich (Kochuby spoke of Arakchev by that nickname +with the same vague irony Prince Andrew had noticed in the Minister of +Wars anteroom). + +Mon cher, even in this case you cant do without Michael +Mikhylovich Spernski. He manages everything. Ill speak to him. He +has promised to come this evening. + +What has Spernski to do with the army regulations? asked Prince +Andrew. + +Kochuby shook his head smilingly, as if surprised at Bolknskis +simplicity. + +We were talking to him about you a few days ago, Kochuby +continued, and about your freed plowmen. + +Oh, is it you, Prince, who have freed your serfs? said an old man +of Catherines day, turning contemptuously toward Bolknski. + +It was a small estate that brought in no profit, replied Prince +Andrew, trying to extenuate his action so as not to irritate the old man +uselessly. + +Afraid of being late... said the old man, looking at Kochuby. + +Theres one thing I dont understand, he continued. Who +will plow the land if they are set free? It is easy to write laws, but +difficult to rule.... Just the same as nowI ask you, Countwho will +be heads of the departments when everybody has to pass examinations? + +Those who pass the examinations, I suppose, replied Kochuby, +crossing his legs and glancing round. + +Well, I have Prynichnikov serving under me, a splendid man, a +priceless man, but hes sixty. Is he to go up for examination? + +Yes, thats a difficulty, as education is not at all general, +but... + +Count Kochuby did not finish. He rose, took Prince Andrew by the arm, +and went to meet a tall, bald, fair man of about forty with a large open +forehead and a long face of unusual and peculiar whiteness, who was +just entering. The newcomer wore a blue swallow-tail coat with a +cross suspended from his neck and a star on his left breast. It was +Spernski. Prince Andrew recognized him at once, and felt a throb +within him, as happens at critical moments of life. Whether it was from +respect, envy, or anticipation, he did not know. Spernskis whole +figure was of a peculiar type that made him easily recognizable. In +the society in which Prince Andrew lived he had never seen anyone who +together with awkward and clumsy gestures possessed such calmness and +self-assurance he had never seen so resolute yet gentle an expression +as that in those half-closed, rather humid eyes, or so firm a smile that +expressed nothing nor had he heard such a refined, smooth, soft +voice above all he had never seen such delicate whiteness of face or +handshands which were broad, but very plump, soft, and white. Such +whiteness and softness Prince Andrew had only seen on the faces of +soldiers who had been long in hospital. This was Spernski, Secretary +of State, reporter to the Emperor and his companion at Erfurt, where he +had more than once met and talked with Napoleon. + +Spernski did not shift his eyes from one face to another as people +involuntarily do on entering a large company and was in no hurry to +speak. He spoke slowly, with assurance that he would be listened to, and +he looked only at the person with whom he was conversing. + +Prince Andrew followed Spernskis every word and movement with +particular attention. As happens to some people, especially to men +who judge those near to them severely, he always on meeting +anyone newespecially anyone whom, like Spernski, he knew by +reputationexpected to discover in him the perfection of human +qualities. + +Spernski told Kochuby he was sorry he had been unable to come sooner +as he had been detained at the palace. He did not say that the Emperor +had kept him, and Prince Andrew noticed this affectation of modesty. +When Kochuby introduced Prince Andrew, Spernski slowly turned +his eyes to Bolknski with his customary smile and looked at him in +silence. + +I am very glad to make your acquaintance. I had heard of you, as +everyone has, he said after a pause. + +Kochuby said a few words about the reception Arakchev had given +Bolknski. Spernski smiled more markedly. + +The chairman of the Committee on Army Regulations is my good friend +Monsieur Magntski, he said, fully articulating every word and +syllable, and if you like I can put you in touch with him. He +paused at the full stop. I hope you will find him sympathetic and +ready to co-operate in promoting all that is reasonable. + +A circle soon formed round Spernski, and the old man who had talked +about his subordinate Prynichnikov addressed a question to him. + +Prince Andrew without joining in the conversation watched every movement +of Spernskis this man, not long since an insignificant divinity +student, who now, Bolknski thought, held in his handsthose plump +white handsthe fate of Russia. Prince Andrew was struck by the +extraordinarily disdainful composure with which Spernski answered +the old man. He appeared to address condescending words to him from +an immeasurable height. When the old man began to speak too loud, +Spernski smiled and said he could not judge of the advantage or +disadvantage of what pleased the sovereign. + +Having talked for a little while in the general circle, Spernski rose +and coming up to Prince Andrew took him along to the other end of the +room. It was clear that he thought it necessary to interest himself in +Bolknski. + +I had no chance to talk with you, Prince, during the animated +conversation in which that venerable gentleman involved me, he said +with a mildly contemptuous smile, as if intimating by that smile that he +and Prince Andrew understood the insignificance of the people with whom +he had just been talking. This flattered Prince Andrew. I have known +of you for a long time first from your action with regard to your +serfs, a first example, of which it is very desirable that there should +be more imitators and secondly because you are one of those gentlemen +of the chamber who have not considered themselves offended by the new +decree concerning the ranks allotted to courtiers, which is causing so +much gossip and tittle-tattle. + +No, said Prince Andrew, my father did not wish me to take +advantage of the privilege. I began the service from the lower grade. + +Your father, a man of the last century, evidently stands above our +contemporaries who so condemn this measure which merely re-establishes +natural justice. + +I think, however, that these condemnations have some ground, +returned Prince Andrew, trying to resist Spernskis influence, of +which he began to be conscious. He did not like to agree with him in +everything and felt a wish to contradict. Though he usually spoke easily +and well, he felt a difficulty in expressing himself now while talking +with Spernski. He was too much absorbed in observing the famous +mans personality. + +Grounds of personal ambition maybe, Spernski put in quietly. + +And of state interest to some extent, said Prince Andrew. + +What do you mean? asked Spernski quietly, lowering his eyes. + +I am an admirer of Montesquieu, replied Prince Andrew, and +his idea that le principe des monarchies est lhonneur me parat +incontestable. Certains droits et privilges de la noblesse me +paraissent tre des moyens de soutenir ce sentiment. * + + * The principle of monarchies is honor seems to me + incontestable. Certain rights and privileges for the + aristocracy appear to me a means of maintaining that + sentiment. + + +The smile vanished from Spernskis white face, which was much +improved by the change. Probably Prince Andrews thought interested +him. + +Si vous envisagez la question sous ce point de vue, * he began, +pronouncing French with evident difficulty, and speaking even slower +than in Russian but quite calmly. + + * If you regard the question from that point of view. + + +Spernski went on to say that honor, lhonneur, cannot be upheld by +privileges harmful to the service that honor, lhonneur, is either a +negative concept of not doing what is blameworthy or it is a source of +emulation in pursuit of commendation and rewards, which recognize it. +His arguments were concise, simple, and clear. + +An institution upholding honor, the source of emulation, is one +similar to the Lgion dhonneur of the great Emperor Napoleon, not +harmful but helpful to the success of the service, but not a class or +court privilege. + +I do not dispute that, but it cannot be denied that court privileges +have attained the same end, returned Prince Andrew. Every courtier +considers himself bound to maintain his position worthily. + +Yet you do not care to avail yourself of the privilege, Prince, +said Spernski, indicating by a smile that he wished to finish amiably +an argument which was embarrassing for his companion. If you will +do me the honor of calling on me on Wednesday, he added, I will, +after talking with Magntski, let you know what may interest you, and +shall also have the pleasure of a more detailed chat with you. + +Closing his eyes, he bowed la franaise, without taking leave, and +trying to attract as little attention as possible, he left the room. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +During the first weeks of his stay in Petersburg Prince Andrew felt the +whole trend of thought he had formed during his life of seclusion quite +overshadowed by the trifling cares that engrossed him in that city. + +On returning home in the evening he would jot down in his notebook four +or five necessary calls or appointments for certain hours. The mechanism +of life, the arrangement of the day so as to be in time everywhere, +absorbed the greater part of his vital energy. He did nothing, did +not even think or find time to think, but only talked, and talked +successfully, of what he had thought while in the country. + +He sometimes noticed with dissatisfaction that he repeated the same +remark on the same day in different circles. But he was so busy for +whole days together that he had no time to notice that he was thinking +of nothing. + +As he had done on their first meeting at Kochubys, Spernski +produced a strong impression on Prince Andrew on the Wednesday, when he +received him tte--tte at his own house and talked to him long and +confidentially. + +To Bolknski so many people appeared contemptible and insignificant +creatures, and he so longed to find in someone the living ideal of that +perfection toward which he strove, that he readily believed that in +Spernski he had found this ideal of a perfectly rational and virtuous +man. Had Spernski sprung from the same class as himself and possessed +the same breeding and traditions, Bolknski would soon have discovered +his weak, human, unheroic sides but as it was, Spernskis strange +and logical turn of mind inspired him with respect all the more because +he did not quite understand him. Moreover, Spernski, either because he +appreciated the others capacity or because he considered it necessary +to win him to his side, showed off his dispassionate calm reasonableness +before Prince Andrew and flattered him with that subtle flattery which +goes hand in hand with self-assurance and consists in a tacit assumption +that ones companion is the only man besides oneself capable of +understanding the folly of the rest of mankind and the reasonableness +and profundity of ones own ideas. + +During their long conversation on Wednesday evening, Spernski more +than once remarked We regard everything that is above the common +level of rooted custom... or, with a smile But we want the wolves +to be fed and the sheep to be safe... or They cannot understand +this... and all in a way that seemed to say We, you and I, +understand what they are and who we are. + +This first long conversation with Spernski only strengthened in Prince +Andrew the feeling he had experienced toward him at their first meeting. +He saw in him a remarkable, clear-thinking man of vast intellect who by +his energy and persistence had attained power, which he was using solely +for the welfare of Russia. In Prince Andrews eyes Spernski was the +man he would himself have wished to beone who explained all the facts +of life reasonably, considered important only what was rational, and +was capable of applying the standard of reason to everything. Everything +seemed so simple and clear in Spernskis exposition that Prince +Andrew involuntarily agreed with him about everything. If he replied and +argued, it was only because he wished to maintain his independence and +not submit to Spernskis opinions entirely. Everything was right +and everything was as it should be only one thing disconcerted Prince +Andrew. This was Spernskis cold, mirrorlike look, which did not +allow one to penetrate to his soul, and his delicate white hands, which +Prince Andrew involuntarily watched as one does watch the hands of +those who possess power. This mirrorlike gaze and those delicate hands +irritated Prince Andrew, he knew not why. He was unpleasantly +struck, too, by the excessive contempt for others that he observed in +Spernski, and by the diversity of lines of argument he used to +support his opinions. He made use of every kind of mental device, except +analogy, and passed too boldly, it seemed to Prince Andrew, from one +to another. Now he would take up the position of a practical man and +condemn dreamers now that of a satirist, and laugh ironically at his +opponents now grow severely logical, or suddenly rise to the realm of +metaphysics. (This last resource was one he very frequently employed.) +He would transfer a question to metaphysical heights, pass on to +definitions of space, time, and thought, and, having deduced the +refutation he needed, would again descend to the level of the original +discussion. + +In general the trait of Spernskis mentality which struck Prince +Andrew most was his absolute and unshakable belief in the power and +authority of reason. It was evident that the thought could never occur +to him which to Prince Andrew seemed so natural, namely, that it is +after all impossible to express all one thinks and that he had never +felt the doubt, Is not all I think and believe nonsense? And +it was just this peculiarity of Spernskis mind that particularly +attracted Prince Andrew. + +During the first period of their acquaintance Bolknski felt a +passionate admiration for him similar to that which he had once felt for +Bonaparte. The fact that Spernski was the son of a village priest, +and that stupid people might meanly despise him on account of his +humble origin (as in fact many did), caused Prince Andrew to cherish his +sentiment for him the more, and unconsciously to strengthen it. + +On that first evening Bolknski spent with him, having mentioned the +Commission for the Revision of the Code of Laws, Spernski told him +sarcastically that the Commission had existed for a hundred and fifty +years, had cost millions, and had done nothing except that Rosenkampf +had stuck labels on the corresponding paragraphs of the different codes. + +And that is all the state has for the millions it has spent, said +he. We want to give the Senate new juridical powers, but we have no +laws. That is why it is a sin for men like you, Prince, not to serve in +these times! + +Prince Andrew said that for that work an education in jurisprudence was +needed which he did not possess. + +But nobody possesses it, so what would you have? It is a vicious +circle from which we must break a way out. + +A week later Prince Andrew was a member of the Committee on Army +Regulations andwhat he had not at all expectedwas chairman of a +section of the committee for the revision of the laws. At Spernskis +request he took the first part of the Civil Code that was being drawn up +and, with the aid of the Code Napolon and the Institutes of Justinian, +he worked at formulating the section on Personal Rights. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Nearly two years before this, in 1808, Pierre on returning to Petersburg +after visiting his estates had involuntarily found himself in a leading +position among the Petersburg Freemasons. He arranged dining and funeral +lodge meetings, enrolled new members, and busied himself uniting various +lodges and acquiring authentic charters. He gave money for the erection +of temples and supplemented as far as he could the collection of alms, +in regard to which the majority of members were stingy and irregular. +He supported almost singlehanded a poorhouse the order had founded in +Petersburg. + +His life meanwhile continued as before, with the same infatuations and +dissipations. He liked to dine and drink well, and though he considered +it immoral and humiliating could not resist the temptations of the +bachelor circles in which he moved. + +Amid the turmoil of his activities and distractions, however, Pierre at +the end of a year began to feel that the more firmly he tried to rest +upon it, the more Masonic ground on which he stood gave way under him. +At the same time he felt that the deeper the ground sank under him the +closer bound he involuntarily became to the order. When he had joined +the Freemasons he had experienced the feeling of one who confidently +steps onto the smooth surface of a bog. When he put his foot down it +sank in. To make quite sure of the firmness of the ground, he put +his other foot down and sank deeper still, became stuck in it, and +involuntarily waded knee-deep in the bog. + +Joseph Alexevich was not in Petersburghe had of late stood aside +from the affairs of the Petersburg lodges, and lived almost entirely in +Moscow. All the members of the lodges were men Pierre knew in ordinary +life, and it was difficult for him to regard them merely as Brothers in +Freemasonry and not as Prince B. or Ivn Vaslevich D., whom he knew +in society mostly as weak and insignificant men. Under the Masonic +aprons and insignia he saw the uniforms and decorations at which they +aimed in ordinary life. Often after collecting alms, and reckoning up +twenty to thirty rubles received for the most part in promises from a +dozen members, of whom half were as well able to pay as himself, Pierre +remembered the Masonic vow in which each Brother promised to devote +all his belongings to his neighbor, and doubts on which he tried not to +dwell arose in his soul. + +He divided the Brothers he knew into four categories. In the first he +put those who did not take an active part in the affairs of the lodges +or in human affairs, but were exclusively occupied with the mystical +science of the order with questions of the threefold designation of +God, the three primordial elementssulphur, mercury, and saltor +the meaning of the square and all the various figures of the temple of +Solomon. Pierre respected this class of Brothers to which the elder ones +chiefly belonged, including, Pierre thought, Joseph Alexevich himself, +but he did not share their interests. His heart was not in the mystical +aspect of Freemasonry. + +In the second category Pierre reckoned himself and others like him, +seeking and vacillating, who had not yet found in Freemasonry a straight +and comprehensible path, but hoped to do so. + +In the third category he included those Brothers (the majority) who saw +nothing in Freemasonry but the external forms and ceremonies, and prized +the strict performance of these forms without troubling about their +purport or significance. Such were Willarski and even the Grand Master +of the principal lodge. + +Finally, to the fourth category also a great many Brothers belonged, +particularly those who had lately joined. These according to Pierres +observations were men who had no belief in anything, nor desire for +anything, but joined the Freemasons merely to associate with the wealthy +young Brothers who were influential through their connections or rank, +and of whom there were very many in the lodge. + +Pierre began to feel dissatisfied with what he was doing. Freemasonry, +at any rate as he saw it here, sometimes seemed to him based merely +on externals. He did not think of doubting Freemasonry itself, but +suspected that Russian Masonry had taken a wrong path and deviated +from its original principles. And so toward the end of the year he went +abroad to be initiated into the higher secrets of the order. + +In the summer of 1809 Pierre returned to Petersburg. Our Freemasons knew +from correspondence with those abroad that Bezkhov had obtained the +confidence of many highly placed persons, had been initiated into many +mysteries, had been raised to a higher grade, and was bringing back with +him much that might conduce to the advantage of the Masonic cause +in Russia. The Petersburg Freemasons all came to see him, tried to +ingratiate themselves with him, and it seemed to them all that he was +preparing something for them and concealing it. + +A solemn meeting of the lodge of the second degree was convened, at +which Pierre promised to communicate to the Petersburg Brothers what +he had to deliver to them from the highest leaders of their order. The +meeting was a full one. After the usual ceremonies Pierre rose and began +his address. + +Dear Brothers, he began, blushing and stammering, with a written +speech in his hand, it is not sufficient to observe our mysteries in +the seclusion of our lodgewe must actact! We are drowsing, but we +must act. Pierre raised his notebook and began to read. + +For the dissemination of pure truth and to secure the triumph of +virtue, he read, we must cleanse men from prejudice, diffuse +principles in harmony with the spirit of the times, undertake the +education of the young, unite ourselves in indissoluble bonds with the +wisest men, boldly yet prudently overcome superstitions, infidelity, and +folly, and form of those devoted to us a body linked together by unity +of purpose and possessed of authority and power. + +To attain this end we must secure a preponderance of virtue over vice +and must endeavor to secure that the honest man may, even in this world, +receive a lasting reward for his virtue. But in these great endeavors we +are gravely hampered by the political institutions of today. What is +to be done in these circumstances? To favor revolutions, overthrow +everything, repel force by force?... No! We are very far from that. +Every violent reform deserves censure, for it quite fails to remedy +evil while men remain what they are, and also because wisdom needs no +violence. + +The whole plan of our order should be based on the idea of +preparing men of firmness and virtue bound together by unity of +convictionaiming at the punishment of vice and folly, and patronizing +talent and virtue raising worthy men from the dust and attaching +them to our Brotherhood. Only then will our order have the power +unobtrusively to bind the hands of the protectors of disorder and to +control them without their being aware of it. In a word, we must found a +form of government holding universal sway, which should be diffused over +the whole world without destroying the bonds of citizenship, and beside +which all other governments can continue in their customary course and +do everything except what impedes the great aim of our order, which +is to obtain for virtue the victory over vice. This aim was that of +Christianity itself. It taught men to be wise and good and for their +own benefit to follow the example and instruction of the best and wisest +men. + +At that time, when everything was plunged in darkness, preaching +alone was of course sufficient. The novelty of Truth endowed her with +special strength, but now we need much more powerful methods. It is +now necessary that man, governed by his senses, should find in virtue +a charm palpable to those senses. It is impossible to eradicate the +passions but we must strive to direct them to a noble aim, and it is +therefore necessary that everyone should be able to satisfy his passions +within the limits of virtue. Our order should provide means to that end. + +As soon as we have a certain number of worthy men in every state, +each of them again training two others and all being closely united, +everything will be possible for our order, which has already in secret +accomplished much for the welfare of mankind. + +This speech not only made a strong impression, but created excitement in +the lodge. The majority of the Brothers, seeing in it dangerous designs +of Illuminism, * met it with a coldness that surprised Pierre. The Grand +Master began answering him, and Pierre began developing his views with +more and more warmth. It was long since there had been so stormy a +meeting. Parties were formed, some accusing Pierre of Illuminism, others +supporting him. At that meeting he was struck for the first time by +the endless variety of mens minds, which prevents a truth from ever +presenting itself identically to two persons. Even those members +who seemed to be on his side understood him in their own way with +limitations and alterations he could not agree to, as what he always +wanted most was to convey his thought to others just as he himself +understood it. + + * The Illuminati sought to substitute republican for + monarchical institutions. + +At the end of the meeting the Grand Master with irony and ill-will +reproved Bezkhov for his vehemence and said it was not love of virtue +alone, but also a love of strife that had moved him in the dispute. +Pierre did not answer him and asked briefly whether his proposal would +be accepted. He was told that it would not, and without waiting for the +usual formalities he left the lodge and went home. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Again Pierre was overtaken by the depression he so dreaded. For three +days after the delivery of his speech at the lodge he lay on a sofa at +home receiving no one and going nowhere. + +It was just then that he received a letter from his wife, who implored +him to see her, telling him how grieved she was about him and how she +wished to devote her whole life to him. + +At the end of the letter she informed him that in a few days she would +return to Petersburg from abroad. + +Following this letter one of the Masonic Brothers whom Pierre respected +less than the others forced his way in to see him and, turning the +conversation upon Pierres matrimonial affairs, by way of fraternal +advice expressed the opinion that his severity to his wife was wrong +and that he was neglecting one of the first rules of Freemasonry by not +forgiving the penitent. + +At the same time his mother-in-law, Prince Vaslis wife, sent to +him imploring him to come if only for a few minutes to discuss a most +important matter. Pierre saw that there was a conspiracy against him and +that they wanted to reunite him with his wife, and in the mood he then +was, this was not even unpleasant to him. Nothing mattered to him. +Nothing in life seemed to him of much importance, and under the +influence of the depression that possessed him he valued neither his +liberty nor his resolution to punish his wife. + +No one is right and no one is to blame so she too is not to +blame, he thought. + +If he did not at once give his consent to a reunion with his wife, it +was only because in his state of depression he did not feel able to take +any step. Had his wife come to him, he would not have turned her away. +Compared to what preoccupied him, was it not a matter of indifference +whether he lived with his wife or not? + +Without replying either to his wife or his mother-in-law, Pierre late +one night prepared for a journey and started for Moscow to see Joseph +Alexevich. This is what he noted in his diary + +Moscow, 17th November + +I have just returned from my benefactor, and hasten to write down what I +have experienced. Joseph Alexevich is living poorly and has for three +years been suffering from a painful disease of the bladder. No one has +ever heard him utter a groan or a word of complaint. From morning till +late at night, except when he eats his very plain food, he is working +at science. He received me graciously and made me sit down on the bed +on which he lay. I made the sign of the Knights of the East and of +Jerusalem, and he responded in the same manner, asking me with a mild +smile what I had learned and gained in the Prussian and Scottish lodges. +I told him everything as best I could, and told him what I had proposed +to our Petersburg lodge, of the bad reception I had encountered, and of +my rupture with the Brothers. Joseph Alexevich, having remained silent +and thoughtful for a good while, told me his view of the matter, which +at once lit up for me my whole past and the future path I should follow. +He surprised me by asking whether I remembered the threefold aim of +the order (1) The preservation and study of the mystery. (2) The +purification and reformation of oneself for its reception, and (3) The +improvement of the human race by striving for such purification. Which +is the principal aim of these three? Certainly self-reformation and +self-purification. Only to this aim can we always strive independently +of circumstances. But at the same time just this aim demands the +greatest efforts of us and so, led astray by pride, losing sight of +this aim, we occupy ourselves either with the mystery which in our +impurity we are unworthy to receive, or seek the reformation of +the human race while ourselves setting an example of baseness and +profligacy. Illuminism is not a pure doctrine, just because it is +attracted by social activity and puffed up by pride. On this ground +Joseph Alexevich condemned my speech and my whole activity, and in the +depth of my soul I agreed with him. Talking of my family affairs he said +to me, the chief duty of a true Mason, as I have told you, lies in +perfecting himself. We often think that by removing all the difficulties +of our life we shall more quickly reach our aim, but on the contrary, +my dear sir, it is only in the midst of worldly cares that we can attain +our three chief aims (1) Self-knowledgefor man can only know himself +by comparison, (2) Self-perfecting, which can only be attained by +conflict, and (3) The attainment of the chief virtuelove of death. +Only the vicissitudes of life can show us its vanity and develop our +innate love of death or of rebirth to a new life. These words are all +the more remarkable because, in spite of his great physical sufferings, +Joseph Alexevich is never weary of life though he loves death, for +whichin spite of the purity and loftiness of his inner manhe does +not yet feel himself sufficiently prepared. My benefactor then explained +to me fully the meaning of the Great Square of creation and pointed out +to me that the numbers three and seven are the basis of everything. He +advised me not to avoid intercourse with the Petersburg Brothers, but +to take up only second-grade posts in the lodge, to try, while +diverting the Brothers from pride, to turn them toward the true path +self-knowledge and self-perfecting. Besides this he advised me for +myself personally above all to keep a watch over myself, and to that end +he gave me a notebook, the one I am now writing in and in which I will +in future note down all my actions. + +Petersburg, 23rd November + +I am again living with my wife. My mother-in-law came to me in tears and +said that Hlne was here and that she implored me to hear her that +she was innocent and unhappy at my desertion, and much more. I knew +that if I once let myself see her I should not have strength to go on +refusing what she wanted. In my perplexity I did not know whose aid and +advice to seek. Had my benefactor been here he would have told me what +to do. I went to my room and reread Joseph Alexevichs letters and +recalled my conversations with him, and deduced from it all that I +ought not to refuse a supplicant, and ought to reach a helping hand to +everyoneespecially to one so closely bound to meand that I must +bear my cross. But if I forgive her for the sake of doing right, then +let union with her have only a spiritual aim. That is what I decided, +and what I wrote to Joseph Alexevich. I told my wife that I begged her +to forget the past, to forgive me whatever wrong I may have done her, +and that I had nothing to forgive. It gave me joy to tell her this. She +need not know how hard it was for me to see her again. I have settled on +the upper floor of this big house and am experiencing a happy feeling of +regeneration. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +At that time, as always happens, the highest society that met at court +and at the grand balls was divided into several circles, each with its +own particular tone. The largest of these was the French circle of the +Napoleonic alliance, the circle of Count Rumyntsev and Caulaincourt. +In this group Hlne, as soon as she had settled in Petersburg with +her husband, took a very prominent place. She was visited by the members +of the French embassy and by many belonging to that circle and noted for +their intellect and polished manners. + +Hlne had been at Erfurt during the famous meeting of the Emperors +and had brought from there these connections with the Napoleonic +notabilities. At Erfurt her success had been brilliant. Napoleon himself +had noticed her in the theater and said of her Cest un superbe +animal. * Her success as a beautiful and elegant woman did not +surprise Pierre, for she had become even handsomer than before. What did +surprise him was that during these last two years his wife had succeeded +in gaining the reputation d une femme charmante, aussi spirituelle +que belle. *(2) The distinguished Prince de Ligne wrote her +eight-page letters. Bilbin saved up his epigrams to produce them +in Countess Bezkhovas presence. To be received in the Countess +Bezkhovas salon was regarded as a diploma of intellect. Young men +read books before attending Hlnes evenings, to have something to +say in her salon, and secretaries of the embassy, and even ambassadors, +confided diplomatic secrets to her, so that in a way Hlne was a +power. Pierre, who knew she was very stupid, sometimes attended, with a +strange feeling of perplexity and fear, her evenings and dinner parties, +where politics, poetry, and philosophy were discussed. At these parties +his feelings were like those of a conjuror who always expects his trick +to be found out at any moment. But whether because stupidity was just +what was needed to run such a salon, or because those who were deceived +found pleasure in the deception, at any rate it remained unexposed and +Hlne Bezkhovas reputation as a lovely and clever woman became +so firmly established that she could say the emptiest and stupidest +things and everybody would go into raptures over every word of hers +and look for a profound meaning in it of which she herself had no +conception. + + * Thats a superb animal. + + * (2) Of a charming woman, as witty as she is lovely. + + +Pierre was just the husband needed for a brilliant society woman. He was +that absent-minded crank, a grand seigneur husband who was in no ones +way, and far from spoiling the high tone and general impression of the +drawing room, he served, by the contrast he presented to her, as an +advantageous background to his elegant and tactful wife. Pierre during +the last two years, as a result of his continual absorption in abstract +interests and his sincere contempt for all else, had acquired in his +wifes circle, which did not interest him, that air of unconcern, +indifference, and benevolence toward all, which cannot be acquired +artificially and therefore inspires involuntary respect. He entered +his wifes drawing room as one enters a theater, was acquainted with +everybody, equally pleased to see everyone, and equally indifferent to +them all. Sometimes he joined in a conversation which interested him +and, regardless of whether any gentlemen of the embassy were +present or not, lispingly expressed his views, which were sometimes not +at all in accord with the accepted tone of the moment. But the general +opinion concerning the queer husband of the most distinguished woman +in Petersburg was so well established that no one took his freaks +seriously. + +Among the many young men who frequented her house every day, Bors +Drubetsky, who had already achieved great success in the service, was +the most intimate friend of the Bezkhov household since Hlnes +return from Erfurt. Hlne spoke of him as mon page and treated +him like a child. Her smile for him was the same as for everybody, +but sometimes that smile made Pierre uncomfortable. Toward him Bors +behaved with a particularly dignified and sad deference. This shade +of deference also disturbed Pierre. He had suffered so painfully three +years before from the mortification to which his wife had subjected him +that he now protected himself from the danger of its repetition, first +by not being a husband to his wife, and secondly by not allowing himself +to suspect. + +No, now that she has become a bluestocking she has finally renounced +her former infatuations, he told himself. There has never been +an instance of a bluestocking being carried away by affairs of the +hearta statement which, though gathered from an unknown source, +he believed implicitly. Yet strange to say Bors presence in his +wifes drawing room (and he was almost always there) had a physical +effect upon Pierre it constricted his limbs and destroyed the +unconsciousness and freedom of his movements. + +What a strange antipathy, thought Pierre, yet I used to like +him very much. + +In the eyes of the world Pierre was a great gentleman, the rather blind +and absurd husband of a distinguished wife, a clever crank who did +nothing but harmed nobody and was a first-rate, good-natured fellow. But +a complex and difficult process of internal development was taking place +all this time in Pierres soul, revealing much to him and causing him +many spiritual doubts and joys. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Pierre went on with his diary, and this is what he wrote in it during +that time + + +24th November + +Got up at eight, read the Scriptures, then went to my duties. (By Joseph +Alexevichs advice Pierre had entered the service of the state and +served on one of the committees.) Returned home for dinner and dined +alonethe countess had many visitors I do not like. I ate and drank +moderately and after dinner copied out some passages for the Brothers. +In the evening I went down to the countess and told a funny story about +B., and only remembered that I ought not to have done so when everybody +laughed loudly at it. + +I am going to bed with a happy and tranquil mind. Great God, help me to +walk in Thy paths, (1) to conquer anger by calmness and deliberation, +(2) to vanquish lust by self-restraint and repulsion, (3) to withdraw +from worldliness, but not avoid (a) the service of the state, (b) family +duties, (c) relations with my friends, and the management of my affairs. + + +27th November + +I got up late. On waking I lay long in bed yielding to sloth. O God, +help and strengthen me that I may walk in Thy ways! Read the Scriptures, +but without proper feeling. Brother Ursov came and we talked about +worldly vanities. He told me of the Emperors new projects. I began +to criticize them, but remembered my rules and my benefactors +wordsthat a true Freemason should be a zealous worker for the state +when his aid is required and a quiet onlooker when not called on to +assist. My tongue is my enemy. Brothers G. V. and O. visited me and we +had a preliminary talk about the reception of a new Brother. They laid +on me the duty of Rhetor. I feel myself weak and unworthy. Then our +talk turned to the interpretation of the seven pillars and steps of the +Temple, the seven sciences, the seven virtues, the seven vices, and the +seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. Brother O. was very eloquent. In the +evening the admission took place. The new decoration of the Premises +contributed much to the magnificence of the spectacle. It was Bors +Drubetsky who was admitted. I nominated him and was the Rhetor. A +strange feeling agitated me all the time I was alone with him in the +dark chamber. I caught myself harboring a feeling of hatred toward him +which I vainly tried to overcome. That is why I should really like +to save him from evil and lead him into the path of truth, but evil +thoughts of him did not leave me. It seemed to me that his object in +entering the Brotherhood was merely to be intimate and in favor with +members of our lodge. Apart from the fact that he had asked me several +times whether N. and S. were members of our lodge (a question to which I +could not reply) and that according to my observation he is incapable of +feeling respect for our holy order and is too preoccupied and satisfied +with the outer man to desire spiritual improvement, I had no cause to +doubt him, but he seemed to me insincere, and all the time I stood +alone with him in the dark temple it seemed to me that he was smiling +contemptuously at my words, and I wished really to stab his bare breast +with the sword I held to it. I could not be eloquent, nor could I +frankly mention my doubts to the Brothers and to the Grand Master. Great +Architect of Nature, help me to find the true path out of the labyrinth +of lies! + + +After this, three pages were left blank in the diary, and then the +following was written + + +I have had a long and instructive talk alone with Brother V., who +advised me to hold fast by Brother A. Though I am unworthy, much was +revealed to me. Adonai is the name of the creator of the world. Elohim +is the name of the ruler of all. The third name is the name unutterable +which means the All. Talks with Brother V. strengthen, refresh, and +support me in the path of virtue. In his presence doubt has no place. +The distinction between the poor teachings of mundane science and our +sacred all-embracing teaching is clear to me. Human sciences dissect +everything to comprehend it, and kill everything to examine it. In the +holy science of our order all is one, all is known in its entirety and +life. The Trinitythe three elements of matterare sulphur, mercury, +and salt. Sulphur is of an oily and fiery nature in combination with +salt by its fiery nature it arouses a desire in the latter by means +of which it attracts mercury, seizes it, holds it, and in combination +produces other bodies. Mercury is a fluid, volatile, spiritual essence. +Christ, the Holy Spirit, Him!... + + +3rd December + +Awoke late, read the Scriptures but was apathetic. Afterwards went and +paced up and down the large hall. I wished to meditate, but instead my +imagination pictured an occurrence of four years ago, when Dlokhov, +meeting me in Moscow after our duel, said he hoped I was enjoying +perfect peace of mind in spite of my wifes absence. At the time I +gave him no answer. Now I recalled every detail of that meeting and in +my mind gave him the most malevolent and bitter replies. I recollected +myself and drove away that thought only when I found myself glowing with +anger, but I did not sufficiently repent. Afterwards Bors Drubetsky +came and began relating various adventures. His coming vexed me from the +first, and I said something disagreeable to him. He replied. I flared +up and said much that was unpleasant and even rude to him. He became +silent, and I recollected myself only when it was too late. My God, I +cannot get on with him at all. The cause of this is my egotism. I set +myself above him and so become much worse than he, for he is lenient +to my rudeness while I on the contrary nourish contempt for him. O God, +grant that in his presence I may rather see my own vileness, and behave +so that he too may benefit. After dinner I fell asleep and as I was +drowsing off I clearly heard a voice saying in my left ear, Thy +day! + +I dreamed that I was walking in the dark and was suddenly surrounded by +dogs, but I went on undismayed. Suddenly a smallish dog seized my left +thigh with its teeth and would not let go. I began to throttle it with +my hands. Scarcely had I torn it off before another, a bigger one, began +biting me. I lifted it up, but the higher I lifted it the bigger and +heavier it grew. And suddenly Brother A. came and, taking my arm, led +me to a building to enter which we had to pass along a narrow plank. +I stepped on it, but it bent and gave way and I began to clamber up a +fence which I could scarcely reach with my hands. After much effort I +dragged myself up, so that my leg hung down on one side and my body on +the other. I looked round and saw Brother A. standing on the fence and +pointing me to a broad avenue and garden, and in the garden was a large +and beautiful building. I woke up. O Lord, great Architect of Nature, +help me to tear from myself these dogsmy passions especially the +last, which unites in itself the strength of all the former ones, and +aid me to enter that temple of virtue to a vision of which I attained in +my dream. + + +7th December + +I dreamed that Joseph Alexevich was sitting in my house, and that I +was very glad and wished to entertain him. It seemed as if I chattered +incessantly with other people and suddenly remembered that this could +not please him, and I wished to come close to him and embrace him. But +as soon as I drew near I saw that his face had changed and grown young, +and he was quietly telling me something about the teaching of our order, +but so softly that I could not hear it. Then it seemed that we all left +the room and something strange happened. We were sitting or lying on +the floor. He was telling me something, and I wished to show him my +sensibility, and not listening to what he was saying I began picturing +to myself the condition of my inner man and the grace of God sanctifying +me. And tears came into my eyes, and I was glad he noticed this. But he +looked at me with vexation and jumped up, breaking off his remarks. I +felt abashed and asked whether what he had been saying did not concern +me but he did not reply, gave me a kind look, and then we suddenly +found ourselves in my bedroom where there is a double bed. He lay down +on the edge of it and I burned with longing to caress him and lie down +too. And he said, Tell me frankly what is your chief temptation? Do +you know it? I think you know it already. Abashed by this question, +I replied that sloth was my chief temptation. He shook his head +incredulously and even more abashed, I said that though I was living +with my wife as he advised, I was not living with her as her husband. To +this he replied that one should not deprive a wife of ones embraces +and gave me to understand that that was my duty. But I replied that +I should be ashamed to do it, and suddenly everything vanished. And I +awoke and found in my mind the text from the Gospel The life was +the light of men. And the light shineth in darkness and the darkness +comprehended it not. Joseph Alexevichs face had looked young +and bright. That day I received a letter from my benefactor in which he +wrote about conjugal duties. + + +9th December + +I had a dream from which I awoke with a throbbing heart. I saw that +I was in Moscow in my house, in the big sitting room, and Joseph +Alexevich came in from the drawing room. I seemed to know at once that +the process of regeneration had already taken place in him, and I rushed +to meet him. I embraced him and kissed his hands, and he said, Hast +thou noticed that my face is different? I looked at him, still +holding him in my arms, and saw that his face was young, but that he +had no hair on his head and his features were quite changed. And I said, +I should have known you had I met you by chance, and I thought to +myself, Am I telling the truth? And suddenly I saw him lying like +a dead body then he gradually recovered and went with me into my study +carrying a large book of sheets of drawing paper I said, I drew +that, and he answered by bowing his head. I opened the book, and on +all the pages there were excellent drawings. And in my dream I knew +that these drawings represented the love adventures of the soul with its +beloved. And on its pages I saw a beautiful representation of a maiden +in transparent garments and with a transparent body, flying up to the +clouds. And I seemed to know that this maiden was nothing else than a +representation of the Song of Songs. And looking at those drawings I +dreamed I felt that I was doing wrong, but could not tear myself away +from them. Lord, help me! My God, if Thy forsaking me is Thy doing, Thy +will be done but if I am myself the cause, teach me what I should do! I +shall perish of my debauchery if Thou utterly desertest me! + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +The Rostvs monetary affairs had not improved during the two years +they had spent in the country. + +Though Nicholas Rostv had kept firmly to his resolution and was still +serving modestly in an obscure regiment, spending comparatively little, +the way of life at OtrdnoeMtenkas management of affairs, in +particularwas such that the debts inevitably increased every year. +The only resource obviously presenting itself to the old count was to +apply for an official post, so he had come to Petersburg to look for one +and also, as he said, to let the lassies enjoy themselves for the last +time. + +Soon after their arrival in Petersburg Berg proposed to Vra and was +accepted. + +Though in Moscow the Rostvs belonged to the best society without +themselves giving it a thought, yet in Petersburg their circle of +acquaintances was a mixed and indefinite one. In Petersburg they were +provincials, and the very people they had entertained in Moscow without +inquiring to what set they belonged, here looked down on them. + +The Rostvs lived in the same hospitable way in Petersburg as in +Moscow, and the most diverse people met at their suppers. Country +neighbors from Otrdnoe, impoverished old squires and their daughters, +Pernskaya a maid of honor, Pierre Bezkhov, and the son of their +district postmaster who had obtained a post in Petersburg. Among the +men who very soon became frequent visitors at the Rostvs house in +Petersburg were Bors, Pierre whom the count had met in the street and +dragged home with him, and Berg who spent whole days at the Rostvs +and paid the eldest daughter, Countess Vra, the attentions a young man +pays when he intends to propose. + +Not in vain had Berg shown everybody his right hand wounded at +Austerlitz and held a perfectly unnecessary sword in his left. He +narrated that episode so persistently and with so important an air that +everyone believed in the merit and usefulness of his deed, and he had +obtained two decorations for Austerlitz. + +In the Finnish war he also managed to distinguish himself. He had picked +up the scrap of a grenade that had killed an aide-de-camp standing near +the commander in chief and had taken it to his commander. Just as he had +done after Austerlitz, he related this occurrence at such length and +so insistently that everyone again believed it had been necessary to do +this, and he received two decorations for the Finnish war also. In +1809 he was a captain in the Guards, wore medals, and held some special +lucrative posts in Petersburg. + +Though some skeptics smiled when told of Bergs merits, it could not +be denied that he was a painstaking and brave officer, on excellent +terms with his superiors, and a moral young man with a brilliant career +before him and an assured position in society. + +Four years before, meeting a German comrade in the stalls of a Moscow +theater, Berg had pointed out Vra Rostva to him and had said in +German, das soll mein Weib werden, * and from that moment had +made up his mind to marry her. Now in Petersburg, having considered the +Rostvs position and his own, he decided that the time had come to +propose. + + * That girl shall be my wife. + + +Bergs proposal was at first received with a perplexity that was not +flattering to him. At first it seemed strange that the son of an obscure +Livonian gentleman should propose marriage to a Countess Rostva but +Bergs chief characteristic was such a nave and good natured egotism +that the Rostvs involuntarily came to think it would be a good thing, +since he himself was so firmly convinced that it was good, indeed +excellent. Moreover, the Rostvs affairs were seriously embarrassed, +as the suitor could not but know and above all, Vra was twenty-four, +had been taken out everywhere, and though she was certainly good-looking +and sensible, no one up to now had proposed to her. So they gave their +consent. + +You see, said Berg to his comrade, whom he called friend +only because he knew that everyone has friends, you see, I have +considered it all, and should not marry if I had not thought it all out +or if it were in any way unsuitable. But on the contrary, my papa and +mamma are now provided forI have arranged that rent for them in the +Baltic Provincesand I can live in Petersburg on my pay, and with +her fortune and my good management we can get along nicely. I am not +marrying for moneyI consider that dishonorablebut a wife should +bring her share and a husband his. I have my position in the service, +she has connections and some means. In our times that is worth +something, isnt it? But above all, she is a handsome, estimable girl, +and she loves me.... + +Berg blushed and smiled. + +And I love her, because her character is sensible and very good. +Now the other sister, though they are the same family, is quite +differentan unpleasant character and has not the same intelligence. +She is so... you know?... Unpleasant... But my fiance!... Well, you +will be coming, he was going to say, to dine, but changed his +mind and said to take tea with us, and quickly doubling up his +tongue he blew a small round ring of tobacco smoke, perfectly embodying +his dream of happiness. + +After the first feeling of perplexity aroused in the parents by Bergs +proposal, the holiday tone of joyousness usual at such times took +possession of the family, but the rejoicing was external and insincere. +In the familys feeling toward this wedding a certain awkwardness +and constraint was evident, as if they were ashamed of not having loved +Vra sufficiently and of being so ready to get her off their hands. The +old count felt this most. He would probably have been unable to state +the cause of his embarrassment, but it resulted from the state of his +affairs. He did not know at all how much he had, what his debts amounted +to, or what dowry he could give Vra. When his daughters were born +he had assigned to each of them, for her dowry, an estate with three +hundred serfs but one of these estates had already been sold, and the +other was mortgaged and the interest so much in arrears that it would +have to be sold, so that it was impossible to give it to Vra. Nor had +he any money. + +Berg had already been engaged a month, and only a week remained before +the wedding, but the count had not yet decided in his own mind the +question of the dowry, nor spoken to his wife about it. At one time the +count thought of giving her the Ryazn estate or of selling a forest, +at another time of borrowing money on a note of hand. A few days before +the wedding Berg entered the counts study early one morning and, with +a pleasant smile, respectfully asked his future father-in-law to let +him know what Vras dowry would be. The count was so disconcerted by +this long-foreseen inquiry that without consideration he gave the first +reply that came into his head. I like your being businesslike about +it.... I like it. You shall be satisfied.... + +And patting Berg on the shoulder he got up, wishing to end the +conversation. But Berg, smiling pleasantly, explained that if he did not +know for certain how much Vra would have and did not receive at least +part of the dowry in advance, he would have to break matters off. + +Because, consider, Countif I allowed myself to marry now +without having definite means to maintain my wife, I should be acting +badly.... + +The conversation ended by the count, who wished to be generous and to +avoid further importunity, saying that he would give a note of hand +for eighty thousand rubles. Berg smiled meekly, kissed the count on the +shoulder, and said that he was very grateful, but that it was impossible +for him to arrange his new life without receiving thirty thousand in +ready money. Or at least twenty thousand, Count, he added, and +then a note of hand for only sixty thousand. + +Yes, yes, all right! said the count hurriedly. Only excuse me, +my dear fellow, Ill give you twenty thousand and a note of hand for +eighty thousand as well. Yes, yes! Kiss me. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Natsha was sixteen and it was the year 1809, the very year to which +she had counted on her fingers with Bors after they had kissed four +years ago. Since then she had not seen him. Before Snya and her +mother, if Bors happened to be mentioned, she spoke quite freely of +that episode as of some childish, long-forgotten matter that was not +worth mentioning. But in the secret depths of her soul the question +whether her engagement to Bors was a jest or an important, binding +promise tormented her. + +Since Bors left Moscow in 1805 to join the army he had not seen the +Rostvs. He had been in Moscow several times, and had passed near +Otrdnoe, but had never been to see them. + +Sometimes it occurred to Natsha that he did not wish to see her, and +this conjecture was confirmed by the sad tone in which her elders spoke +of him. + +Nowadays old friends are not remembered, the countess would say +when Bors was mentioned. + +Anna Mikhylovna also had of late visited them less frequently, seemed +to hold herself with particular dignity, and always spoke rapturously +and gratefully of the merits of her son and the brilliant career on +which he had entered. When the Rostvs came to Petersburg Bors called +on them. + +He drove to their house in some agitation. The memory of Natsha was +his most poetic recollection. But he went with the firm intention of +letting her and her parents feel that the childish relations between +himself and Natsha could not be binding either on her or on him. He +had a brilliant position in society thanks to his intimacy with Countess +Bezkhova, a brilliant position in the service thanks to the patronage +of an important personage whose complete confidence he enjoyed, and he +was beginning to make plans for marrying one of the richest heiresses in +Petersburg, plans which might very easily be realized. When he entered +the Rostvs drawing room Natsha was in her own room. When she +heard of his arrival she almost ran into the drawing room, flushed and +beaming with a more than cordial smile. + +Bors remembered Natsha in a short dress, with dark eyes shining from +under her curls and boisterous, childish laughter, as he had known her +four years before and so he was taken aback when quite a different +Natsha entered, and his face expressed rapturous astonishment. This +expression on his face pleased Natsha. + +Well, do you recognize your little madcap playmate? asked the +countess. + +Bors kissed Natshas hand and said that he was astonished at the +change in her. + +How handsome you have grown! + +I should think so! replied Natshas laughing eyes. + +And is Papa older? she asked. + +Natsha sat down and, without joining in Bors conversation with +the countess, silently and minutely studied her childhoods suitor. He +felt the weight of that resolute and affectionate scrutiny and glanced +at her occasionally. + +Bors uniform, spurs, tie, and the way his hair was brushed were all +comme il faut and in the latest fashion. This Natsha noticed at once. +He sat rather sideways in the armchair next to the countess, arranging +with his right hand the cleanest of gloves that fitted his left hand +like a skin, and he spoke with a particularly refined compression of his +lips about the amusements of the highest Petersburg society, recalling +with mild irony old times in Moscow and Moscow acquaintances. It was +not accidentally, Natsha felt, that he alluded, when speaking of the +highest aristocracy, to an ambassadors ball he had attended, and to +invitations he had received from N.N. and S.S. + +All this time Natsha sat silent, glancing up at him from under her +brows. This gaze disturbed and confused Bors more and more. He looked +round more frequently toward her, and broke off in what he was saying. +He did not stay more than ten minutes, then rose and took his leave. The +same inquisitive, challenging, and rather mocking eyes still looked +at him. After his first visit Bors said to himself that Natsha +attracted him just as much as ever, but that he must not yield to that +feeling, because to marry her, a girl almost without fortune, would +mean ruin to his career, while to renew their former relations without +intending to marry her would be dishonorable. Bors made up his mind +to avoid meeting Natsha, but despite that resolution he called again +a few days later and began calling often and spending whole days at the +Rostvs. It seemed to him that he ought to have an explanation with +Natsha and tell her that the old times must be forgotten, that in +spite of everything... she could not be his wife, that he had no means, +and they would never let her marry him. But he failed to do so and felt +awkward about entering on such an explanation. From day to day he +became more and more entangled. It seemed to her mother and Snya that +Natsha was in love with Bors as of old. She sang him his favorite +songs, showed him her album, making him write in it, did not allow him +to allude to the past, letting it be understood how delightful was the +present and every day he went away in a fog, without having said what +he meant to, and not knowing what he was doing or why he came, or how +it would all end. He left off visiting Hlne and received reproachful +notes from her every day, and yet he continued to spend whole days with +the Rostvs. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +One night when the old countess, in nightcap and dressing jacket, +without her false curls, and with her poor little knob of hair showing +under her white cotton cap, knelt sighing and groaning on a rug and +bowing to the ground in prayer, her door creaked and Natsha, also in +a dressing jacket with slippers on her bare feet and her hair in +curlpapers, ran in. The countessher prayerful mood dispelledlooked +round and frowned. She was finishing her last prayer Can it be that +this couch will be my grave? Natsha, flushed and eager, seeing +her mother in prayer, suddenly checked her rush, half sat down, and +unconsciously put out her tongue as if chiding herself. Seeing that +her mother was still praying she ran on tiptoe to the bed and, rapidly +slipping one little foot against the other, pushed off her slippers and +jumped onto the bed the countess had feared might become her grave. This +couch was high, with a feather bed and five pillows each smaller than +the one below. Natsha jumped on it, sank into the feather bed, rolled +over to the wall, and began snuggling up the bedclothes as she settled +down, raising her knees to her chin, kicking out and laughing almost +inaudibly, now covering herself up head and all, and now peeping at her +mother. The countess finished her prayers and came to the bed with a +stern face, but seeing, that Natshas head was covered, she smiled +in her kind, weak way. + +Now then, now then! said she. + +Mamma, can we have a talk? Yes? said Natsha. Now, just one on +your throat and another... thatll do! And seizing her mother round +the neck, she kissed her on the throat. In her behavior to her mother +Natsha seemed rough, but she was so sensitive and tactful that however +she clasped her mother she always managed to do it without hurting her +or making her feel uncomfortable or displeased. + +Well, what is it tonight? said the mother, having arranged her +pillows and waited until Natsha, after turning over a couple of times, +had settled down beside her under the quilt, spread out her arms, and +assumed a serious expression. + +These visits of Natshas at night before the count returned from his +club were one of the greatest pleasures of both mother, and daughter. + +What is it tonight?But I have to tell you... + +Natsha put her hand on her mothers mouth. + +About Bors... I know, she said seriously thats what I +have come about. Dont say itI know. No, do tell me! and she +removed her hand. Tell me, Mamma! Hes nice? + +Natsha, you are sixteen. At your age I was married. You say Bors +is nice. He is very nice, and I love him like a son. But what then?... +What are you thinking about? You have quite turned his head, I can see +that.... + +As she said this the countess looked round at her daughter. Natsha +was lying looking steadily straight before her at one of the mahogany +sphinxes carved on the corners of the bedstead, so that the countess +only saw her daughters face in profile. That face struck her by its +peculiarly serious and concentrated expression. + +Natsha was listening and considering. + +Well, what then? said she. + +You have quite turned his head, and why? What do you want of him? You +know you cant marry him. + +Why not? said Natsha, without changing her position. + +Because he is young, because he is poor, because he is a relation... +and because you yourself dont love him. + +How do you know? + +I know. It is not right, darling! + +But if I want to... said Natsha. + +Leave off talking nonsense, said the countess. + +But if I want to... + +Natsha, I am in earnest... + +Natsha did not let her finish. She drew the countess large hand to +her, kissed it on the back and then on the palm, then again turned it +over and began kissing first one knuckle, then the space between the +knuckles, then the next knuckle, whispering, January, February, +March, April, May. Speak, Mamma, why dont you say anything? Speak! +said she, turning to her mother, who was tenderly gazing at her daughter +and in that contemplation seemed to have forgotten all she had wished to +say. + +It wont do, my love! Not everyone will understand this friendship +dating from your childish days, and to see him so intimate with you may +injure you in the eyes of other young men who visit us, and above all +it torments him for nothing. He may already have found a suitable and +wealthy match, and now hes half crazy. + +Crazy? repeated Natsha. + +Ill tell you some things about myself. I had a cousin... + +I know! Cyril Matvich... but he is old. + +He was not always old. But this is what Ill do, Natsha, Ill +have a talk with Bors. He need not come so often.... + +Why not, if he likes to? + +Because I know it will end in nothing.... + +How can you know? No, Mamma, dont speak to him! What nonsense! +said Natsha in the tone of one being deprived of her property. +Well, I wont marry, but let him come if he enjoys it and I enjoy +it. Natsha smiled and looked at her mother. Not to marry, but +just so, she added. + +How so, my pet? + +Just so. Theres no need for me to marry him. But... just so. + +Just so, just so, repeated the countess, and shaking all over, she +went off into a good humored, unexpected, elderly laugh. + +Dont laugh, stop! cried Natsha. Youre shaking the whole +bed! Youre awfully like me, just such another giggler.... Wait... +and she seized the countess hands and kissed a knuckle of the little +finger, saying, June, and continued, kissing, July, August, +on the other hand. But, Mamma, is he very much in love? What do you +think? Was anybody ever so much in love with you? And hes very nice, +very, very nice. Only not quite my tastehe is so narrow, like the +dining-room clock.... Dont you understand? Narrow, you knowgray, +light gray... + +What rubbish youre talking! said the countess. + +Natsha continued Dont you really understand? Nicholas would +understand.... Bezkhov, now, is blue, dark-blue and red, and he is +square. + +You flirt with him too, said the countess, laughing. + +No, he is a Freemason, I have found out. He is fine, dark-blue and +red.... How can I explain it to you? + +Little countess! the counts voice called from behind the door. +Youre not asleep? Natsha jumped up, snatched up her slippers, +and ran barefoot to her own room. + +It was a long time before she could sleep. She kept thinking that no one +could understand all that she understood and all there was in her. + +Snya? she thought, glancing at that curled-up, sleeping little +kitten with her enormous plait of hair. No, how could she? Shes +virtuous. She fell in love with Nicholas and does not wish to know +anything more. Even Mamma does not understand. It is wonderful how +clever I am and how... charming she is, she went on, speaking +of herself in the third person, and imagining it was some very wise +manthe wisest and best of menwho was saying it of her. There +is everything, everything in her, continued this man. She is +unusually intelligent, charming... and then she is pretty, uncommonly +pretty, and agileshe swims and rides splendidly... and her voice! One +can really say its a wonderful voice! + +She hummed a scrap from her favorite opera by Cherubini, threw herself +on her bed, laughed at the pleasant thought that she would immediately +fall asleep, called Dunysha the maid to put out the candle, and before +Dunysha had left the room had already passed into yet another happier +world of dreams, where everything was as light and beautiful as in +reality, and even more so because it was different. + +Next day the countess called Bors aside and had a talk with him, after +which he ceased coming to the Rostvs. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +On the thirty-first of December, New Years Eve, 1809 - 10 an old +grandee of Catherines day was giving a ball and midnight supper. The +diplomatic corps and the Emperor himself were to be present. + +The grandees well-known mansion on the English Quay glittered with +innumerable lights. Police were stationed at the brightly lit entrance +which was carpeted with red baize, and not only gendarmes but dozens of +police officers and even the police master himself stood at the porch. +Carriages kept driving away and fresh ones arriving, with red-liveried +footmen and footmen in plumed hats. From the carriages emerged men +wearing uniforms, stars, and ribbons, while ladies in satin and ermine +cautiously descended the carriage steps which were let down for them +with a clatter, and then walked hurriedly and noiselessly over the baize +at the entrance. + +Almost every time a new carriage drove up a whisper ran through the +crowd and caps were doffed. + +The Emperor?... No, a minister... prince... ambassador. Dont you +see the plumes?... was whispered among the crowd. + +One person, better dressed than the rest, seemed to know everyone and +mentioned by name the greatest dignitaries of the day. + +A third of the visitors had already arrived, but the Rostvs, who were +to be present, were still hurrying to get dressed. + +There had been many discussions and preparations for this ball in the +Rostv family, many fears that the invitation would not arrive, that +the dresses would not be ready, or that something would not be arranged +as it should be. + +Mrya Igntevna Pernskaya, a thin and shallow maid of honor at +the court of the Dowager Empress, who was a friend and relation of the +countess and piloted the provincial Rostvs in Petersburg high society, +was to accompany them to the ball. + +They were to call for her at her house in the Taurida Gardens at ten +oclock, but it was already five minutes to ten, and the girls were +not yet dressed. + +Natsha was going to her first grand ball. She had got up at eight that +morning and had been in a fever of excitement and activity all day. All +her powers since morning had been concentrated on ensuring that they +allshe herself, Mamma, and Snyashould be as well dressed as +possible. Snya and her mother put themselves entirely in her hands. +The countess was to wear a claret-colored velvet dress, and the two +girls white gauze over pink silk slips, with roses on their bodices and +their hair dressed la grecque. + +Everything essential had already been done feet, hands, necks, and +ears washed, perfumed, and powdered, as befits a ball the openwork +silk stockings and white satin shoes with ribbons were already on the +hairdressing was almost done. Snya was finishing dressing and so was +the countess, but Natsha, who had bustled about helping them all, was +behindhand. She was still sitting before a looking-glass with a dressing +jacket thrown over her slender shoulders. Snya stood ready dressed in +the middle of the room and, pressing the head of a pin till it hurt her +dainty finger, was fixing on a last ribbon that squeaked as the pin went +through it. + +Thats not the way, thats not the way, Snya! cried Natsha +turning her head and clutching with both hands at her hair which the +maid who was dressing it had not time to release. That bow is not +right. Come here! + +Snya sat down and Natsha pinned the ribbon on differently. + +Allow me, Miss! I cant do it like that, said the maid who was +holding Natshas hair. + +Oh, dear! Well then, wait. Thats right, Snya. + +Arent you ready? It is nearly ten, came the countess voice. + +Directly! Directly! And you, Mamma? + +I have only my cap to pin on. + +Dont do it without me! called Natsha. You wont do it +right. + +But its already ten. + +They had decided to be at the ball by half-past ten, and Natsha had +still to get dressed and they had to call at the Taurida Gardens. + +When her hair was done, Natsha, in her short petticoat from under +which her dancing shoes showed, and in her mothers dressing jacket, +ran up to Snya, scrutinized her, and then ran to her mother. Turning +her mothers head this way and that, she fastened on the cap and, +hurriedly kissing her gray hair, ran back to the maids who were turning +up the hem of her skirt. + +The cause of the delay was Natshas skirt, which was too long. +Two maids were turning up the hem and hurriedly biting off the ends of +thread. A third with pins in her mouth was running about between the +countess and Snya, and a fourth held the whole of the gossamer garment +up high on one uplifted hand. + +Mvra, quicker, darling! + +Give me my thimble, Miss, from there... + +Whenever will you be ready? asked the count coming to the door. +Here is some scent. Pernskaya must be tired of waiting. + +Its ready, Miss, said the maid, holding up the shortened gauze +dress with two fingers, and blowing and shaking something off it, as if +by this to express a consciousness of the airiness and purity of what +she held. + +Natsha began putting on the dress. + +In a minute! In a minute! Dont come in, Papa! she cried to her +father as he opened the doorspeaking from under the filmy skirt which +still covered her whole face. + +Snya slammed the door to. A minute later they let the count in. He was +wearing a blue swallow-tail coat, shoes and stockings, and was perfumed +and his hair pomaded. + +Oh, Papa! how nice you look! Charming! cried Natsha, as she +stood in the middle of the room smoothing out the folds of the gauze. + +If you please, Miss! allow me, said the maid, who on her knees was +pulling the skirt straight and shifting the pins from one side of her +mouth to the other with her tongue. + +Say what you like, exclaimed Snya, in a despairing voice as she +looked at Natsha, say what you like, its still too long. + +Natsha stepped back to look at herself in the pier glass. The dress +was too long. + +Really, madam, it is not at all too long, said Mvra, crawling on +her knees after her young lady. + +Well, if its too long well tack it up... well tack it up +in one minute, said the resolute Dunysha taking a needle that was +stuck on the front of her little shawl and, still kneeling on the floor, +set to work once more. + +At that moment, with soft steps, the countess came in shyly, in her cap +and velvet gown. + +Oo-oo, my beauty! exclaimed the count, she looks better than +any of you! + +He would have embraced her but, blushing, she stepped aside fearing to +be rumpled. + +Mamma, your cap, more to this side, said Natsha. Ill +arrange it, and she rushed forward so that the maids who were tacking +up her skirt could not move fast enough and a piece of gauze was torn +off. + +Oh goodness! What has happened? Really it was not my fault! + +Never mind, Ill run it up, it wont show, said Dunysha. + +What a beautya very queen! said the nurse as she came to the +door. And Snya! They are lovely! + +At a quarter past ten they at last got into their carriages and started. +But they had still to call at the Taurida Gardens. + +Pernskaya was quite ready. In spite of her age and plainness she +had gone through the same process as the Rostvs, but with less +flurryfor to her it was a matter of routine. Her ugly old body was +washed, perfumed, and powdered in just the same way. She had washed +behind her ears just as carefully, and when she entered her drawing +room in her yellow dress, wearing her badge as maid of honor, her old +ladys maid was as full of rapturous admiration as the Rostvs +servants had been. + +She praised the Rostvs toilets. They praised her taste and toilet, +and at eleven oclock, careful of their coiffures and dresses, they +settled themselves in their carriages and drove off. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +Natsha had not had a moment free since early morning and had not once +had time to think of what lay before her. + +In the damp chill air and crowded closeness of the swaying carriage, she +for the first time vividly imagined what was in store for her there at +the ball, in those brightly lighted roomswith music, flowers, dances, +the Emperor, and all the brilliant young people of Petersburg. The +prospect was so splendid that she hardly believed it would come true, +so out of keeping was it with the chill darkness and closeness of the +carriage. She understood all that awaited her only when, after stepping +over the red baize at the entrance, she entered the hall, took off her +fur cloak, and, beside Snya and in front of her mother, mounted the +brightly illuminated stairs between the flowers. Only then did she +remember how she must behave at a ball, and tried to assume the majestic +air she considered indispensable for a girl on such an occasion. But, +fortunately for her, she felt her eyes growing misty, she saw nothing +clearly, her pulse beat a hundred to the minute, and the blood throbbed +at her heart. She could not assume that pose, which would have made her +ridiculous, and she moved on almost fainting from excitement and trying +with all her might to conceal it. And this was the very attitude that +became her best. Before and behind them other visitors were entering, +also talking in low tones and wearing ball dresses. The mirrors on the +landing reflected ladies in white, pale-blue, and pink dresses, with +diamonds and pearls on their bare necks and arms. + +Natsha looked in the mirrors and could not distinguish her reflection +from the others. All was blended into one brilliant procession. +On entering the ballroom the regular hum of voices, footsteps, and +greetings deafened Natsha, and the light and glitter dazzled her still +more. The host and hostess, who had already been standing at the door +for half an hour repeating the same words to the various arrivals, +Charm de vous voir, * greeted the Rostvs and Pernskaya in +the same manner. + + * Delighted to see you. + + +The two girls in their white dresses, each with a rose in her +black hair, both curtsied in the same way, but the hostess eye +involuntarily rested longer on the slim Natsha. She looked at her +and gave her alone a special smile in addition to her usual smile as +hostess. Looking at her she may have recalled the golden, irrecoverable +days of her own girlhood and her own first ball. The host also followed +Natsha with his eyes and asked the count which was his daughter. + +Charming! said he, kissing the tips of his fingers. + +In the ballroom guests stood crowding at the entrance doors awaiting +the Emperor. The countess took up a position in one of the front rows +of that crowd. Natsha heard and felt that several people were asking +about her and looking at her. She realized that those noticing her liked +her, and this observation helped to calm her. + +There are some like ourselves and some worse, she thought. + +Pernskaya was pointing out to the countess the most important people +at the ball. + +That is the Dutch ambassador, do you see? That gray-haired man, +she said, indicating an old man with a profusion of silver-gray curly +hair, who was surrounded by ladies laughing at something he said. + +Ah, here she is, the Queen of Petersburg, Countess Bezkhova, +said Pernskaya, indicating Hlne who had just entered. How +lovely! She is quite equal to Mrya Antnovna. See how the men, young +and old, pay court to her. Beautiful and clever... they say Prince + is quite mad about her. But see, those two, though not +good-looking, are even more run after. + +She pointed to a lady who was crossing the room followed by a very plain +daughter. + +She is a splendid match, a millionairess, said Pernskaya. And +look, here come her suitors. + +That is Bezkhovas brother, Anatole Kurgin, she said, +indicating a handsome officer of the Horse Guards who passed by them +with head erect, looking at something over the heads of the ladies. +Hes handsome, isnt he? I hear they will marry him to that rich +girl. But your cousin, Drubetsky, is also very attentive to her. They +say she has millions. Oh yes, thats the French ambassador himself! +she replied to the countess inquiry about Caulaincourt. Looks as +if he were a king! All the same, the French are charming, very charming. +No one more charming in society. Ah, here she is! Yes, she is still the +most beautiful of them all, our Mrya Antnovna! And how simply she +is dressed! Lovely! And that stout one in spectacles is the universal +Freemason, she went on, indicating Pierre. Put him beside his wife +and he looks a regular buffoon! + +Pierre, swaying his stout body, advanced, making way through the crowd +and nodding to right and left as casually and good-naturedly as if he +were passing through a crowd at a fair. He pushed through, evidently +looking for someone. + +Natsha looked joyfully at the familiar face of Pierre, the +buffoon, as Pernskaya had called him, and knew he was looking for +them, and for her in particular. He had promised to be at the ball and +introduce partners to her. + +But before he reached them Pierre stopped beside a very handsome, dark +man of middle height, and in a white uniform, who stood by a window +talking to a tall man wearing stars and a ribbon. Natsha at once +recognized the shorter and younger man in the white uniform it was +Bolknski, who seemed to her to have grown much younger, happier, and +better-looking. + +Theres someone else we knowBolknski, do you see, Mamma? +said Natsha, pointing out Prince Andrew. You remember, he stayed a +night with us at Otrdnoe. + +Oh, you know him? said Pernskaya. I cant bear him. Il fait + prsent la pluie et le beau temps. * Hes too proud for anything. +Takes after his father. And hes hand in glove with Spernski, +writing some project or other. Just look how he treats the ladies! +Theres one talking to him and he has turned away, she said, +pointing at him. Id give it to him if he treated me as he does +those ladies. + + * He is all the rage just now. + + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Suddenly everybody stirred, began talking, and pressed forward and then +back, and between the two rows, which separated, the Emperor entered to +the sounds of music that had immediately struck up. Behind him walked +his host and hostess. He walked in rapidly, bowing to right and left +as if anxious to get the first moments of the reception over. The band +played the polonaise in vogue at that time on account of the words that +had been set to it, beginning Alexander, Elisaveta, all our hearts +you ravish quite... The Emperor passed on to the drawing room, the +crowd made a rush for the doors, and several persons with excited faces +hurried there and back again. Then the crowd hastily retired from +the drawing room door, at which the Emperor reappeared talking to the +hostess. A young man, looking distraught, pounced down on the ladies, +asking them to move aside. Some ladies, with faces betraying complete +forgetfulness of all the rules of decorum, pushed forward to the +detriment of their toilets. The men began to choose partners and take +their places for the polonaise. + +Everyone moved back, and the Emperor came smiling out of the drawing +room leading his hostess by the hand but not keeping time to the +music. The host followed with Mrya Antnovna Narshkina then +came ambassadors, ministers, and various generals, whom Pernskaya +diligently named. More than half the ladies already had partners +and were taking up, or preparing to take up, their positions for the +polonaise. Natsha felt that she would be left with her mother and +Snya among a minority of women who crowded near the wall, not having +been invited to dance. She stood with her slender arms hanging down, +her scarcely defined bosom rising and falling regularly, and with +bated breath and glittering, frightened eyes gazed straight before +her, evidently prepared for the height of joy or misery. She was +not concerned about the Emperor or any of those great people whom +Pernskaya was pointing outshe had but one thought Is it +possible no one will ask me, that I shall not be among the first to +dance? Is it possible that not one of all these men will notice me? +They do not even seem to see me, or if they do they look as if they +were saying, Ah, shes not the one Im after, so its not worth +looking at her! No, its impossible, she thought. They must +know how I long to dance, how splendidly I dance, and how they would +enjoy dancing with me. + +The strains of the polonaise, which had continued for a considerable +time, had begun to sound like a sad reminiscence to Natshas ears. +She wanted to cry. Pernskaya had left them. The count was at the +other end of the room. She and the countess and Snya were standing by +themselves as in the depths of a forest amid that crowd of strangers, +with no one interested in them and not wanted by anyone. Prince Andrew +with a lady passed by, evidently not recognizing them. The handsome +Anatole was smilingly talking to a partner on his arm and looked at +Natsha as one looks at a wall. Bors passed them twice and each time +turned away. Berg and his wife, who were not dancing, came up to them. + +This family gathering seemed humiliating to Natshaas if there were +nowhere else for the family to talk but here at the ball. She did not +listen to or look at Vra, who was telling her something about her own +green dress. + +At last the Emperor stopped beside his last partner (he had danced +with three) and the music ceased. A worried aide-de-camp ran up to the +Rostvs requesting them to stand farther back, though as it was they +were already close to the wall, and from the gallery resounded the +distinct, precise, enticingly rhythmical strains of a waltz. The Emperor +looked smilingly down the room. A minute passed but no one had yet begun +dancing. An aide-de-camp, the Master of Ceremonies, went up to Countess +Bezkhova and asked her to dance. She smilingly raised her hand and +laid it on his shoulder without looking at him. The aide-de-camp, an +adept in his art, grasping his partner firmly round her waist, with +confident deliberation started smoothly, gliding first round the edge of +the circle, then at the corner of the room he caught Hlnes +left hand and turned her, the only sound audible, apart from the +ever-quickening music, being the rhythmic click of the spurs on his +rapid, agile feet, while at every third beat his partners velvet +dress spread out and seemed to flash as she whirled round. Natsha +gazed at them and was ready to cry because it was not she who was +dancing that first turn of the waltz. + +Prince Andrew, in the white uniform of a cavalry colonel, wearing +stockings and dancing shoes, stood looking animated and bright in the +front row of the circle not far from the Rostvs. Baron Firhoff was +talking to him about the first sitting of the Council of State to be +held next day. Prince Andrew, as one closely connected with Spernski +and participating in the work of the legislative commission, could give +reliable information about that sitting, concerning which various rumors +were current. But not listening to what Firhoff was saying, he was +gazing now at the sovereign and now at the men intending to dance who +had not yet gathered courage to enter the circle. + +Prince Andrew was watching these men abashed by the Emperors +presence, and the women who were breathlessly longing to be asked to +dance. + +Pierre came up to him and caught him by the arm. + +You always dance. I have a protge, the young Rostva, here. Ask +her, he said. + +Where is she? asked Bolknski. Excuse me! he added, turning +to the baron, we will finish this conversation elsewhereat a ball +one must dance. He stepped forward in the direction Pierre indicated. +The despairing, dejected expression of Natshas face caught his eye. +He recognized her, guessed her feelings, saw that it was her dbut, +remembered her conversation at the window, and with an expression of +pleasure on his face approached Countess Rostva. + +Allow me to introduce you to my daughter, said the countess, with +heightened color. + +I have the pleasure of being already acquainted, if the countess +remembers me, said Prince Andrew with a low and courteous bow quite +belying Pernskayas remarks about his rudeness, and approaching +Natsha he held out his arm to grasp her waist before he had completed +his invitation. He asked her to waltz. That tremulous expression on +Natshas face, prepared either for despair or rapture, suddenly +brightened into a happy, grateful, childlike smile. + +I have long been waiting for you, that frightened happy little +girl seemed to say by the smile that replaced the threatened tears, as +she raised her hand to Prince Andrews shoulder. They were the second +couple to enter the circle. Prince Andrew was one of the best dancers of +his day and Natsha danced exquisitely. Her little feet in their white +satin dancing shoes did their work swiftly, lightly, and independently +of herself, while her face beamed with ecstatic happiness. Her slender +bare arms and neck were not beautifulcompared to Hlnes her +shoulders looked thin and her bosom undeveloped. But Hlne seemed, as +it were, hardened by a varnish left by the thousands of looks that had +scanned her person, while Natsha was like a girl exposed for the first +time, who would have felt very much ashamed had she not been assured +that this was absolutely necessary. + +Prince Andrew liked dancing, and wishing to escape as quickly as +possible from the political and clever talk which everyone addressed +to him, wishing also to break up the circle of restraint he disliked, +caused by the Emperors presence, he danced, and had chosen Natsha +because Pierre pointed her out to him and because she was the first +pretty girl who caught his eye but scarcely had he embraced that +slender supple figure and felt her stirring so close to him and smiling +so near him than the wine of her charm rose to his head, and he +felt himself revived and rejuvenated when after leaving her he stood +breathing deeply and watching the other dancers. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +After Prince Andrew, Bors came up to ask Natsha for a dance, and +then the aide-de-camp who had opened the ball, and several other young +men, so that, flushed and happy, and passing on her superfluous partners +to Snya, she did not cease dancing all the evening. She noticed and +saw nothing of what occupied everyone else. Not only did she fail to +notice that the Emperor talked a long time with the French ambassador, +and how particularly gracious he was to a certain lady, or that Prince +So-and-so and So-and-so did and said this and that, and that Hlne +had great success and was honored by the special attention of So-and-so, +but she did not even see the Emperor, and only noticed that he had gone +because the ball became livelier after his departure. For one of the +merry cotillions before supper Prince Andrew was again her partner. He +reminded her of their first encounter in the Otrdnoe avenue, and how +she had been unable to sleep that moonlight night, and told her how he +had involuntarily overheard her. Natsha blushed at that recollection +and tried to excuse herself, as if there had been something to be +ashamed of in what Prince Andrew had overheard. + +Like all men who have grown up in society, Prince Andrew liked meeting +someone there not of the conventional society stamp. And such was +Natsha, with her surprise, her delight, her shyness, and even her +mistakes in speaking French. With her he behaved with special care and +tenderness, sitting beside her and talking of the simplest and most +unimportant matters he admired her shy grace. In the middle of the +cotillion, having completed one of the figures, Natsha, still out of +breath, was returning to her seat when another dancer chose her. She was +tired and panting and evidently thought of declining, but immediately +put her hand gaily on the mans shoulder, smiling at Prince Andrew. + +Id be glad to sit beside you and rest Im tired but you see +how they keep asking me, and Im glad of it, Im happy and I love +everybody, and you and I understand it all, and much, much more was +said in her smile. When her partner left her Natsha ran across the +room to choose two ladies for the figure. + +If she goes to her cousin first and then to another lady, she will be +my wife, said Prince Andrew to himself quite to his own surprise, as +he watched her. She did go first to her cousin. + +What rubbish sometimes enters ones head! thought Prince Andrew, +but what is certain is that that girl is so charming, so original, +that she wont be dancing here a month before she will be married.... +Such as she are rare here, he thought, as Natsha, readjusting a +rose that was slipping on her bodice, settled herself beside him. + +When the cotillion was over the old count in his blue coat came up to +the dancers. He invited Prince Andrew to come and see them, and asked +his daughter whether she was enjoying herself. Natsha did not answer +at once but only looked up with a smile that said reproachfully How +can you ask such a question? + +I have never enjoyed myself so much before! she said, and Prince +Andrew noticed how her thin arms rose quickly as if to embrace her +father and instantly dropped again. Natsha was happier than she had +ever been in her life. She was at that height of bliss when one becomes +completely kind and good and does not believe in the possibility of +evil, unhappiness, or sorrow. + +At that ball Pierre for the first time felt humiliated by the position +his wife occupied in court circles. He was gloomy and absent-minded. A +deep furrow ran across his forehead, and standing by a window he stared +over his spectacles seeing no one. + +On her way to supper Natsha passed him. + +Pierres gloomy, unhappy look struck her. She stopped in front of him. +She wished to help him, to bestow on him the superabundance of her own +happiness. + +How delightful it is, Count! said she. Isnt it? + +Pierre smiled absent-mindedly, evidently not grasping what she said. + +Yes, I am very glad, he said. + +How can people be dissatisfied with anything? thought Natsha. +Especially such a capital fellow as Bezkhov! In Natshas +eyes all the people at the ball alike were good, kind, and splendid +people, loving one another none of them capable of injuring +anotherand so they ought all to be happy. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Next day Prince Andrew thought of the ball, but his mind did not dwell +on it long. Yes, it was a very brilliant ball, and then... Yes, +that little Rostva is very charming. Theres something fresh, +original, un-Petersburg-like about her that distinguishes her. That +was all he thought about yesterdays ball, and after his morning tea +he set to work. + +But either from fatigue or want of sleep he was ill-disposed for work +and could get nothing done. He kept criticizing his own work, as he +often did, and was glad when he heard someone coming. + +The visitor was Btski, who served on various committees, frequented +all the societies in Petersburg, and a passionate devotee of the new +ideas and of Spernski, and a diligent Petersburg newsmongerone of +those men who choose their opinions like their clothes according to +the fashion, but who for that very reason appear to be the warmest +partisans. Hardly had he got rid of his hat before he ran into Prince +Andrews room with a preoccupied air and at once began talking. He +had just heard particulars of that mornings sitting of the Council +of State opened by the Emperor, and he spoke of it enthusiastically. The +Emperors speech had been extraordinary. It had been a speech such as +only constitutional monarchs deliver. The Sovereign plainly said +that the Council and Senate are estates of the realm, he said that the +government must rest not on authority but on secure bases. The Emperor +said that the fiscal system must be reorganized and the accounts +published, recounted Btski, emphasizing certain words and opening +his eyes significantly. + +Ah, yes! Todays events mark an epoch, the greatest epoch in our +history, he concluded. + +Prince Andrew listened to the account of the opening of the Council of +State, which he had so impatiently awaited and to which he had attached +such importance, and was surprised that this event, now that it had +taken place, did not affect him, and even seemed quite insignificant. He +listened with quiet irony to Btskis enthusiastic account of it. A +very simple thought occurred to him What does it matter to me or to +Btski what the Emperor was pleased to say at the Council? Can all that +make me any happier or better? + +And this simple reflection suddenly destroyed all the interest Prince +Andrew had felt in the impending reforms. He was going to dine that +evening at Spernskis, with only a few friends, as the host +had said when inviting him. The prospect of that dinner in the intimate +home circle of the man he so admired had greatly interested Prince +Andrew, especially as he had not yet seen Spernski in his domestic +surroundings, but now he felt disinclined to go to it. + +At the appointed hour, however, he entered the modest house Spernski +owned in the Taurida Gardens. In the parqueted dining room this small +house, remarkable for its extreme cleanliness (suggesting that of a +monastery), Prince Andrew, who was rather late, found the friendly +gathering of Spernskis intimate acquaintances already assembled +at five oclock. There were no ladies present except Spernskis +little daughter (long-faced like her father) and her governess. The +other guests were Gervais, Magntski, and Stolpin. While still in +the anteroom Prince Andrew heard loud voices and a ringing staccato +laugha laugh such as one hears on the stage. Someoneit sounded +like Spernskiwas distinctly ejaculating ha-ha-ha. Prince Andrew +had never before heard Spernskis famous laugh, and this ringing, +high-pitched laughter from a statesman made a strange impression on him. + +He entered the dining room. The whole company were standing between two +windows at a small table laid with hors-doeuvres. Spernski, wearing +a gray swallow-tail coat with a star on the breast, and evidently still +the same waistcoat and high white stock he had worn at the meeting of +the Council of State, stood at the table with a beaming countenance. His +guests surrounded him. Magntski, addressing himself to Spernski, +was relating an anecdote, and Spernski was laughing in advance at +what Magntski was going to say. When Prince Andrew entered the room +Magntskis words were again crowned by laughter. Stolpin gave +a deep bass guffaw as he munched a piece of bread and cheese. Gervais +laughed softly with a hissing chuckle, and Spernski in a high-pitched +staccato manner. + +Still laughing, Spernski held out his soft white hand to Prince +Andrew. + +Very pleased to see you, Prince, he said. One moment... he +went on, turning to Magntski and interrupting his story. We have +agreed that this is a dinner for recreation, with not a word about +business! and turning again to the narrator he began to laugh afresh. + +Prince Andrew looked at the laughing Spernski with astonishment, +regret, and disillusionment. It seemed to him that this was not +Spernski but someone else. Everything that had formerly appeared +mysterious and fascinating in Spernski suddenly became plain and +unattractive. + +At dinner the conversation did not cease for a moment and seemed to +consist of the contents of a book of funny anecdotes. Before Magntski +had finished his story someone else was anxious to relate something +still funnier. Most of the anecdotes, if not relating to the state +service, related to people in the service. It seemed that in this +company the insignificance of those people was so definitely accepted +that the only possible attitude toward them was one of good humored +ridicule. Spernski related how at the Council that morning a deaf +dignitary, when asked his opinion, replied that he thought so too. +Gervais gave a long account of an official revision, remarkable for the +stupidity of everybody concerned. Stolpin, stuttering, broke into +the conversation and began excitedly talking of the abuses that existed +under the former order of thingsthreatening to give a serious turn +to the conversation. Magntski starting quizzing Stolpin about his +vehemence. Gervais intervened with a joke, and the talk reverted to its +former lively tone. + +Evidently Spernski liked to rest after his labors and find amusement +in a circle of friends, and his guests, understanding his wish, tried +to enliven him and amuse themselves. But their gaiety seemed to Prince +Andrew mirthless and tiresome. Spernskis high-pitched voice struck +him unpleasantly, and the incessant laughter grated on him like a false +note. Prince Andrew did not laugh and feared that he would be a damper +on the spirits of the company, but no one took any notice of his being +out of harmony with the general mood. They all seemed very gay. + +He tried several times to join in the conversation, but his remarks were +tossed aside each time like a cork thrown out of the water, and he could +not jest with them. + +There was nothing wrong or unseemly in what they said, it was witty and +might have been funny, but it lacked just that something which is the +salt of mirth, and they were not even aware that such a thing existed. + +After dinner Spernskis daughter and her governess rose. He patted +the little girl with his white hand and kissed her. And that gesture, +too, seemed unnatural to Prince Andrew. + +The men remained at table over their portEnglish fashion. In the +midst of a conversation that was started about Napoleons Spanish +affairs, which they all agreed in approving, Prince Andrew began to +express a contrary opinion. Spernski smiled and, with an evident wish +to prevent the conversation from taking an unpleasant course, told a +story that had no connection with the previous conversation. For a few +moments all were silent. + +Having sat some time at table, Spernski corked a bottle of wine and, +remarking, Nowadays good wine rides in a carriage and pair, passed +it to the servant and got up. All rose and continuing to talk loudly +went into the drawing room. Two letters brought by a courier were handed +to Spernski and he took them to his study. As soon as he had left +the room the general merriment stopped and the guests began to converse +sensibly and quietly with one another. + +Now for the recitation! said Spernski on returning from +his study. A wonderful talent! he said to Prince Andrew, and +Magntski immediately assumed a pose and began reciting some humorous +verses in French which he had composed about various well-known +Petersburg people. He was interrupted several times by applause. When +the verses were finished Prince Andrew went up to Spernski and took +his leave. + +Where are you off to so early? asked Spernski. + +I promised to go to a reception. + +They said no more. Prince Andrew looked closely into those mirrorlike, +impenetrable eyes, and felt that it had been ridiculous of him to have +expected anything from Spernski and from any of his own activities +connected with him, or ever to have attributed importance to what +Spernski was doing. That precise, mirthless laughter rang in Prince +Andrews ears long after he had left the house. + +When he reached home Prince Andrew began thinking of his life in +Petersburg during those last four months as if it were something new. He +recalled his exertions and solicitations, and the history of his project +of army reform, which had been accepted for consideration and which they +were trying to pass over in silence simply because another, a very poor +one, had already been prepared and submitted to the Emperor. He thought +of the meetings of a committee of which Berg was a member. He remembered +how carefully and at what length everything relating to form and +procedure was discussed at those meetings, and how sedulously and +promptly all that related to the gist of the business was evaded. He +recalled his labors on the Legal Code, and how painstakingly he had +translated the articles of the Roman and French codes into Russian, +and he felt ashamed of himself. Then he vividly pictured to himself +Boguchrovo, his occupations in the country, his journey to Ryazn +he remembered the peasants and Dron the village elder, and mentally +applying to them the Personal Rights he had divided into paragraphs, he +felt astonished that he could have spent so much time on such useless +work. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +Next day Prince Andrew called at a few houses he had not visited before, +and among them at the Rostvs with whom he had renewed acquaintance +at the ball. Apart from considerations of politeness which demanded the +call, he wanted to see that original, eager girl who had left such a +pleasant impression on his mind, in her own home. + +Natsha was one of the first to meet him. She was wearing a dark-blue +house dress in which Prince Andrew thought her even prettier than in +her ball dress. She and all the Rostv family welcomed him as an old +friend, simply and cordially. The whole family, whom he had formerly +judged severely, now seemed to him to consist of excellent, simple, +and kindly people. The old counts hospitality and good nature, which +struck one especially in Petersburg as a pleasant surprise, were such +that Prince Andrew could not refuse to stay to dinner. Yes, +he thought, they are capital people, who of course have not the +slightest idea what a treasure they possess in Natsha but they are +kindly folk and form the best possible setting for this strikingly +poetic, charming girl, overflowing with life! + +In Natsha Prince Andrew was conscious of a strange world completely +alien to him and brimful of joys unknown to him, a different world, +that in the Otrdnoe avenue and at the window that moonlight night +had already begun to disconcert him. Now this world disconcerted him no +longer and was no longer alien to him, but he himself having entered it +found in it a new enjoyment. + +After dinner Natsha, at Prince Andrews request, went to the +clavichord and began singing. Prince Andrew stood by a window talking +to the ladies and listened to her. In the midst of a phrase he ceased +speaking and suddenly felt tears choking him, a thing he had thought +impossible for him. He looked at Natsha as she sang, and something new +and joyful stirred in his soul. He felt happy and at the same time sad. +He had absolutely nothing to weep about yet he was ready to weep. What +about? His former love? The little princess? His disillusionments?... +His hopes for the future?... Yes and no. The chief reason was a sudden, +vivid sense of the terrible contrast between something infinitely great +and illimitable within him and that limited and material something that +he, and even she, was. This contrast weighed on and yet cheered him +while she sang. + +As soon as Natsha had finished she went up to him and asked how he +liked her voice. She asked this and then became confused, feeling that +she ought not to have asked it. He smiled, looking at her, and said he +liked her singing as he liked everything she did. + +Prince Andrew left the Rostvs late in the evening. He went to bed +from habit, but soon realized that he could not sleep. Having lit his +candle he sat up in bed, then got up, then lay down again not at all +troubled by his sleeplessness his soul was as fresh and joyful as if he +had stepped out of a stuffy room into Gods own fresh air. It did not +enter his head that he was in love with Natsha he was not thinking +about her, but only picturing her to himself, and in consequence all +life appeared in a new light. Why do I strive, why do I toil in this +narrow, confined frame, when life, all life with all its joys, is open +to me? said he to himself. And for the first time for a very long +while he began making happy plans for the future. He decided that he +must attend to his sons education by finding a tutor and putting +the boy in his charge, then he ought to retire from the service and go +abroad, and see England, Switzerland and Italy. I must use my freedom +while I feel so much strength and youth in me, he said to himself. +Pierre was right when he said one must believe in the possibility of +happiness in order to be happy, and now I do believe in it. Let the dead +bury their dead, but while one has life one must live and be happy! +thought he. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +One morning Colonel Berg, whom Pierre knew as he knew everybody in +Moscow and Petersburg, came to see him. Berg arrived in an immaculate +brand-new uniform, with his hair pomaded and brushed forward over his +temples as the Emperor Alexander wore his hair. + +I have just been to see the countess, your wife. Unfortunately she +could not grant my request, but I hope, Count, I shall be more fortunate +with you, he said with a smile. + +What is it you wish, Colonel? I am at your service. + +I have now quite settled in my new rooms, Count (Berg said +this with perfect conviction that this information could not but be +agreeable), and so I wish to arrange just a small party for my own +and my wifes friends. (He smiled still more pleasantly.) I +wished to ask the countess and you to do me the honor of coming to tea +and to supper. + +Only Countess Hlne, considering the society of such people as the +Bergs beneath her, could be cruel enough to refuse such an invitation. +Berg explained so clearly why he wanted to collect at his house a small +but select company, and why this would give him pleasure, and why though +he grudged spending money on cards or anything harmful, he was prepared +to run into some expense for the sake of good societythat Pierre +could not refuse, and promised to come. + +But dont be late, Count, if I may venture to ask about ten +minutes to eight, please. We shall make up a rubber. Our general is +coming. He is very good to me. We shall have supper, Count. So you will +do me the favor. + +Contrary to his habit of being late, Pierre on that day arrived at the +Bergs house, not at ten but at fifteen minutes to eight. + +Having prepared everything necessary for the party, the Bergs were ready +for their guests arrival. + +In their new, clean, and light study with its small busts and pictures +and new furniture sat Berg and his wife. Berg, closely buttoned up in +his new uniform, sat beside his wife explaining to her that one always +could and should be acquainted with people above one, because only then +does one get satisfaction from acquaintances. + +You can get to know something, you can ask for something. See how I +managed from my first promotion. (Berg measured his life not by years +but by promotions.) My comrades are still nobodies, while I am only +waiting for a vacancy to command a regiment, and have the happiness to +be your husband. (He rose and kissed Vras hand, and on the way +to her straightened out a turned-up corner of the carpet.) And +how have I obtained all this? Chiefly by knowing how to choose my +aquaintances. It goes without saying that one must be conscientious and +methodical. + +Berg smiled with a sense of his superiority over a weak woman, and +paused, reflecting that this dear wife of his was after all but a weak +woman who could not understand all that constitutes a mans dignity, +what it was ein Mann zu sein. * Vra at the same time smiling with a +sense of superiority over her good, conscientious husband, who all the +same understood life wrongly, as according to Vra all men did. Berg, +judging by his wife, thought all women weak and foolish. Vra, judging +only by her husband and generalizing from that observation, supposed +that all men, though they understand nothing and are conceited and +selfish, ascribe common sense to themselves alone. + + * To be a man. + +Berg rose and embraced his wife carefully, so as not to crush her lace +fichu for which he had paid a good price, kissing her straight on the +lips. + +The only thing is, we mustnt have children too soon, he +continued, following an unconscious sequence of ideas. + +Yes, answered Vra, I dont at all want that. We must live +for society. + +Princess Yuspova wore one exactly like this, said Berg, pointing +to the fichu with a happy and kindly smile. + +Just then Count Bezkhov was announced. Husband and wife glanced at one +another, both smiling with self-satisfaction, and each mentally claiming +the honor of this visit. + +This is what comes of knowing how to make acquaintances, thought +Berg. This is what comes of knowing how to conduct oneself. + +But please dont interrupt me when I am entertaining the guests, +said Vra, because I know what interests each of them and what to +say to different people. + +Berg smiled again. + +It cant be helped men must sometimes have masculine +conversation, said he. + +They received Pierre in their small, new drawing room, where it was +impossible to sit down anywhere without disturbing its symmetry, +neatness, and order so it was quite comprehensible and not strange that +Berg, having generously offered to disturb the symmetry of an armchair +or of the sofa for his dear guest, but being apparently painfully +undecided on the matter himself, eventually left the visitor to settle +the question of selection. Pierre disturbed the symmetry by moving a +chair for himself, and Berg and Vra immediately began their evening +party, interrupting each other in their efforts to entertain their +guest. + +Vra, having decided in her own mind that Pierre ought to be +entertained with conversation about the French embassy, at once began +accordingly. Berg, having decided that masculine conversation was +required, interrupted his wifes remarks and touched on the question +of the war with Austria, and unconsciously jumped from the general +subject to personal considerations as to the proposals made him to take +part in the Austrian campaign and the reasons why he had declined them. +Though the conversation was very incoherent and Vra was angry at the +intrusion of the masculine element, both husband and wife felt with +satisfaction that, even if only one guest was present, their evening had +begun very well and was as like as two peas to every other evening party +with its talk, tea, and lighted candles. + +Before long Bors, Bergs old comrade, arrived. There was a shade of +condescension and patronage in his treatment of Berg and Vra. After +Bors came a lady with the colonel, then the general himself, then the +Rostvs, and the party became unquestionably exactly like all other +evening parties. Berg and Vra could not repress their smiles of +satisfaction at the sight of all this movement in their drawing room, +at the sound of the disconnected talk, the rustling of dresses, and the +bowing and scraping. Everything was just as everybody always has it, +especially so the general, who admired the apartment, patted Berg on the +shoulder, and with parental authority superintended the setting out of +the table for boston. The general sat down by Count Ily Rostv, who +was next to himself the most important guest. The old people sat with +the old, the young with the young, and the hostess at the tea table, on +which stood exactly the same kind of cakes in a silver cake basket as +the Panins had at their party. Everything was just as it was everywhere +else. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +Pierre, as one of the principal guests, had to sit down to boston +with Count Rostv, the general, and the colonel. At the card table he +happened to be directly facing Natsha, and was struck by a curious +change that had come over her since the ball. She was silent, and not +only less pretty than at the ball, but only redeemed from plainness by +her look of gentle indifference to everything around. + +Whats the matter with her? thought Pierre, glancing at her. +She was sitting by her sister at the tea table, and reluctantly, without +looking at him, made some reply to Bors who sat down beside her. After +playing out a whole suit and to his partners delight taking five +tricks, Pierre, hearing greetings and the steps of someone who had +entered the room while he was picking up his tricks, glanced again at +Natsha. + +What has happened to her? he asked himself with still greater +surprise. + +Prince Andrew was standing before her, saying something to her with a +look of tender solicitude. She, having raised her head, was looking up +at him, flushed and evidently trying to master her rapid breathing. And +the bright glow of some inner fire that had been suppressed was again +alight in her. She was completely transformed and from a plain girl had +again become what she had been at the ball. + +Prince Andrew went up to Pierre, and the latter noticed a new and +youthful expression in his friends face. + +Pierre changed places several times during the game, sitting now with +his back to Natsha and now facing her, but during the whole of the six +rubbers he watched her and his friend. + +Something very important is happening between them, thought +Pierre, and a feeling that was both joyful and painful agitated him and +made him neglect the game. + +After six rubbers the general got up, saying that it was no use playing +like that, and Pierre was released. Natsha on one side was talking +with Snya and Bors, and Vra with a subtle smile was saying +something to Prince Andrew. Pierre went up to his friend and, asking +whether they were talking secrets, sat down beside them. Vra, having +noticed Prince Andrews attentions to Natsha, decided that at a +party, a real evening party, subtle allusions to the tender passion were +absolutely necessary and, seizing a moment when Prince Andrew was alone, +began a conversation with him about feelings in general and about her +sister. With so intellectual a guest as she considered Prince Andrew to +be, she felt that she had to employ her diplomatic tact. + +When Pierre went up to them he noticed that Vra was being carried away +by her self-satisfied talk, but that Prince Andrew seemed embarrassed, a +thing that rarely happened with him. + +What do you think? Vra was saying with an arch smile. You are +so discerning, Prince, and understand peoples characters so well at +a glance. What do you think of Natalie? Could she be constant in her +attachments? Could she, like other women (Vra meant herself), +love a man once for all and remain true to him forever? That is what +I consider true love. What do you think, Prince? + +I know your sister too little, replied Prince Andrew, with a +sarcastic smile under which he wished to hide his embarrassment, to +be able to solve so delicate a question, and then I have noticed that +the less attractive a woman is the more constant she is likely to be, +he added, and looked up at Pierre who was just approaching them. + +Yes, that is true, Prince. In our days, continued +Vramentioning our days as people of limited intelligence are +fond of doing, imagining that they have discovered and appraised the +peculiarities of our days and that human characteristics change +with the timesin our days a girl has so much freedom that the +pleasure of being courted often stifles real feeling in her. And it must +be confessed that Natalie is very susceptible. This return to +the subject of Natalie caused Prince Andrew to knit his brows with +discomfort he was about to rise, but Vra continued with a still more +subtle smile + +I think no one has been more courted than she, she went on, but +till quite lately she never cared seriously for anyone. Now you know, +Count, she said to Pierre, even our dear cousin Bors, who, +between ourselves, was very far gone in the land of tenderness... +(alluding to a map of love much in vogue at that time). + +Prince Andrew frowned and remained silent. + +You are friendly with Bors, arent you? asked Vra. + +Yes, I know him.... + +I expect he has told you of his childish love for Natsha? + +Oh, there was childish love? suddenly asked Prince Andrew, +blushing unexpectedly. + +Yes, you know between cousins intimacy often leads to love. Le +cousinage est un dangereux voisinage. * Dont you think so? + + * Cousinhood is a dangerous neighborhood. + + +Oh, undoubtedly! said Prince Andrew, and with sudden and unnatural +liveliness he began chaffing Pierre about the need to be very careful +with his fifty-year-old Moscow cousins, and in the midst of these +jesting remarks he rose, taking Pierre by the arm, and drew him aside. + +Well? asked Pierre, seeing his friends strange animation with +surprise, and noticing the glance he turned on Natsha as he rose. + +I must... I must have a talk with you, said Prince Andrew. You +know that pair of womens gloves? (He referred to the Masonic +gloves given to a newly initiated Brother to present to the woman he +loved.) I... but no, I will talk to you later on, and with a +strange light in his eyes and restlessness in his movements, Prince +Andrew approached Natsha and sat down beside her. Pierre saw how +Prince Andrew asked her something and how she flushed as she replied. + +But at that moment Berg came to Pierre and began insisting that he +should take part in an argument between the general and the colonel on +the affairs in Spain. + +Berg was satisfied and happy. The smile of pleasure never left his face. +The party was very successful and quite like other parties he had +seen. Everything was similar the ladies subtle talk, the cards, the +general raising his voice at the card table, and the samovar and the tea +cakes only one thing was lacking that he had always seen at the evening +parties he wished to imitate. They had not yet had a loud conversation +among the men and a dispute about something important and clever. Now +the general had begun such a discussion and so Berg drew Pierre to it. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +Next day, having been invited by the count, Prince Andrew dined with the +Rostvs and spent the rest of the day there. + +Everyone in the house realized for whose sake Prince Andrew came, and +without concealing it he tried to be with Natsha all day. Not only in +the soul of the frightened yet happy and enraptured Natsha, but in the +whole house, there was a feeling of awe at something important that was +bound to happen. The countess looked with sad and sternly serious eyes +at Prince Andrew when he talked to Natsha and timidly started some +artificial conversation about trifles as soon as he looked her way. +Snya was afraid to leave Natsha and afraid of being in the way when +she was with them. Natsha grew pale, in a panic of expectation, when +she remained alone with him for a moment. Prince Andrew surprised her by +his timidity. She felt that he wanted to say something to her but could +not bring himself to do so. + +In the evening, when Prince Andrew had left, the countess went up to +Natsha and whispered Well, what? + +Mamma! For heavens sake dont ask me anything now! One cant +talk about that, said Natsha. + +But all the same that night Natsha, now agitated and now frightened, +lay a long time in her mothers bed gazing straight before her. She +told her how he had complimented her, how he told her he was going +abroad, asked her where they were going to spend the summer, and then +how he had asked her about Bors. + +But such a... such a... never happened to me before! she said. +Only I feel afraid in his presence. I am always afraid when Im +with him. What does that mean? Does it mean that its the real thing? +Yes? Mamma, are you asleep? + +No, my love I am frightened myself, answered her mother. Now +go! + +All the same I shant sleep. What silliness, to sleep! Mummy! +Mummy! such a thing never happened to me before, she said, surprised +and alarmed at the feeling she was aware of in herself. And could we +ever have thought!... + +It seemed to Natsha that even at the time she first saw Prince Andrew +at Otrdnoe she had fallen in love with him. It was as if she feared +this strange, unexpected happiness of meeting again the very man she had +then chosen (she was firmly convinced she had done so) and of finding +him, as it seemed, not indifferent to her. + +And it had to happen that he should come specially to Petersburg +while we are here. And it had to happen that we should meet at that +ball. It is fate. Clearly it is fate that everything led up to this! +Already then, directly I saw him I felt something peculiar. + +What else did he say to you? What are those verses? Read them... +said her mother, thoughtfully, referring to some verses Prince Andrew +had written in Natshas album. + +Mamma, one need not be ashamed of his being a widower? + +Dont, Natsha! Pray to God. Marriages are made in +heaven, said her mother. + +Darling Mummy, how I love you! How happy I am! cried Natsha, +shedding tears of joy and excitement and embracing her mother. + +At that very time Prince Andrew was sitting with Pierre and telling him +of his love for Natsha and his firm resolve to make her his wife. + +That day Countess Hlne had a reception at her house. The French +ambassador was there, and a foreign prince of the blood who had of +late become a frequent visitor of hers, and many brilliant ladies and +gentlemen. Pierre, who had come downstairs, walked through the rooms and +struck everyone by his preoccupied, absent-minded, and morose air. + +Since the ball he had felt the approach of a fit of nervous depression +and had made desperate efforts to combat it. Since the intimacy of +his wife with the royal prince, Pierre had unexpectedly been made a +gentleman of the bedchamber, and from that time he had begun to feel +oppressed and ashamed in court society, and dark thoughts of the vanity +of all things human came to him oftener than before. At the same time +the feeling he had noticed between his protge Natsha and Prince +Andrew accentuated his gloom by the contrast between his own position +and his friends. He tried equally to avoid thinking about his wife, +and about Natsha and Prince Andrew and again everything seemed to him +insignificant in comparison with eternity again the question for what? +presented itself and he forced himself to work day and night at Masonic +labors, hoping to drive away the evil spirit that threatened him. Toward +midnight, after he had left the countess apartments, he was sitting +upstairs in a shabby dressing gown, copying out the original transaction +of the Scottish lodge of Freemasons at a table in his low room cloudy +with tobacco smoke, when someone came in. It was Prince Andrew. + +Ah, its you! said Pierre with a preoccupied, dissatisfied air. +And I, you see, am hard at it. He pointed to his manuscript book +with that air of escaping from the ills of life with which unhappy +people look at their work. + +Prince Andrew, with a beaming, ecstatic expression of renewed life on +his face, paused in front of Pierre and, not noticing his sad look, +smiled at him with the egotism of joy. + +Well, dear heart, said he, I wanted to tell you about it +yesterday and I have come to do so today. I never experienced anything +like it before. I am in love, my friend! + +Suddenly Pierre heaved a deep sigh and dumped his heavy person down on +the sofa beside Prince Andrew. + +With Natsha Rostva, yes? said he. + +Yes, yes! Who else should it be? I should never have believed it, +but the feeling is stronger than I. Yesterday I tormented myself and +suffered, but I would not exchange even that torment for anything in +the world, I have not lived till now. At last I live, but I cant +live without her! But can she love me?... I am too old for her.... Why +dont you speak? + +I? I? What did I tell you? said Pierre suddenly, rising and +beginning to pace up and down the room. I always thought it.... That +girl is such a treasure... she is a rare girl.... My dear friend, +I entreat you, dont philosophize, dont doubt, marry, marry, +marry.... And I am sure there will not be a happier man than you. + +But what of her? + +She loves you. + +Dont talk rubbish... said Prince Andrew, smiling and looking +into Pierres eyes. + +She does, I know, Pierre cried fiercely. + +But do listen, returned Prince Andrew, holding him by the +arm. Do you know the condition I am in? I must talk about it to +someone. + +Well, go on, go on. I am very glad, said Pierre, and his face +really changed, his brow became smooth, and he listened gladly to Prince +Andrew. Prince Andrew seemed, and really was, quite a different, quite +a new man. Where was his spleen, his contempt for life, his +disillusionment? Pierre was the only person to whom he made up his mind +to speak openly and to him he told all that was in his soul. Now he +boldly and lightly made plans for an extended future, said he could not +sacrifice his own happiness to his fathers caprice, and spoke of how +he would either make his father consent to this marriage and love her, +or would do without his consent then he marveled at the feeling that +had mastered him as at something strange, apart from and independent of +himself. + +I should not have believed anyone who told me that I was capable of +such love, said Prince Andrew. It is not at all the same feeling +that I knew in the past. The whole world is now for me divided into two +halves one half is she, and there all is joy, hope, light the +other half is everything where she is not, and there is all gloom and +darkness.... + +Darkness and gloom, reiterated Pierre yes, yes, I understand +that. + +I cannot help loving the light, it is not my fault. And I am very +happy! You understand me? I know you are glad for my sake. + +Yes, yes, Pierre assented, looking at his friend with a touched +and sad expression in his eyes. The brighter Prince Andrews lot +appeared to him, the gloomier seemed his own. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +Prince Andrew needed his fathers consent to his marriage, and to +obtain this he started for the country next day. + +His father received his sons communication with external composure, +but inward wrath. He could not comprehend how anyone could wish to +alter his life or introduce anything new into it, when his own life +was already ending. If only they would let me end my days as I want +to, thought the old man, then they might do as they please. +With his son, however, he employed the diplomacy he reserved for +important occasions and, adopting a quiet tone, discussed the whole +matter. + +In the first place the marriage was not a brilliant one as regards +birth, wealth, or rank. Secondly, Prince Andrew was no longer as young +as he had been and his health was poor (the old man laid special stress +on this), while she was very young. Thirdly, he had a son whom it would +be a pity to entrust to a chit of a girl. Fourthly and finally, +the father said, looking ironically at his son, I beg you to put it +off for a year go abroad, take a cure, look out as you wanted to for +a German tutor for Prince Nicholas. Then if your love or passion or +obstinacyas you pleaseis still as great, marry! And thats my +last word on it. Mind, the last... concluded the prince, in a tone +which showed that nothing would make him alter his decision. + +Prince Andrew saw clearly that the old man hoped that his feelings, or +his fiances, would not stand a years test, or that he (the old +prince himself) would die before then, and he decided to conform to his +fathers wishto propose, and postpone the wedding for a year. + +Three weeks after the last evening he had spent with the Rostvs, +Prince Andrew returned to Petersburg. + + +Next day after her talk with her mother Natsha expected Bolknski all +day, but he did not come. On the second and third day it was the same. +Pierre did not come either and Natsha, not knowing that Prince Andrew +had gone to see his father, could not explain his absence to herself. + +Three weeks passed in this way. Natsha had no desire to go out +anywhere and wandered from room to room like a shadow, idle and +listless she wept secretly at night and did not go to her mother in the +evenings. She blushed continually and was irritable. It seemed to her +that everybody knew about her disappointment and was laughing at her and +pitying her. Strong as was her inward grief, this wound to her vanity +intensified her misery. + +Once she came to her mother, tried to say something, and suddenly began +to cry. Her tears were those of an offended child who does not know why +it is being punished. + +The countess began to soothe Natsha, who after first listening to her +mothers words, suddenly interrupted her + +Leave off, Mamma! I dont think, and dont want to think about +it! He just came and then left off, left off.... + +Her voice trembled, and she again nearly cried, but recovered and went +on quietly + +And I dont at all want to get married. And I am afraid of him I +have now become quite calm, quite calm. + +The day after this conversation Natsha put on the old dress which +she knew had the peculiar property of conducing to cheerfulness in the +mornings, and that day she returned to the old way of life which she had +abandoned since the ball. Having finished her morning tea she went to +the ballroom, which she particularly liked for its loud resonance, and +began singing her solfeggio. When she had finished her first exercise +she stood still in the middle of the room and sang a musical phrase that +particularly pleased her. She listened joyfully (as though she had not +expected it) to the charm of the notes reverberating, filling the +whole empty ballroom, and slowly dying away and all at once she felt +cheerful. Whats the good of making so much of it? Things are nice +as it is, she said to herself, and she began walking up and down the +room, not stepping simply on the resounding parquet but treading with +each step from the heel to the toe (she had on a new and favorite pair +of shoes) and listening to the regular tap of the heel and creak of +the toe as gladly as she had to the sounds of her own voice. Passing a +mirror she glanced into it. There, thats me! the expression of +her face seemed to say as she caught sight of herself. Well, and very +nice too! I need nobody. + +A footman wanted to come in to clear away something in the room but she +would not let him, and having closed the door behind him continued her +walk. That morning she had returned to her favorite moodlove of, +and delight in, herself. How charming that Natsha is! she said +again, speaking as some third, collective, male person. Pretty, +a good voice, young, and in nobodys way if only they leave her in +peace. But however much they left her in peace she could not now be +at peace, and immediately felt this. + +In the hall the porch door opened, and someone asked, At home? and +then footsteps were heard. Natsha was looking at the mirror, but did +not see herself. She listened to the sounds in the hall. When she saw +herself, her face was pale. It was he. She knew this for certain, though +she hardly heard his voice through the closed doors. + +Pale and agitated, Natsha ran into the drawing room. + +Mamma! Bolknski has come! she said. Mamma, it is awful, it is +unbearable! I dont want... to be tormented? What am I to do?... + +Before the countess could answer, Prince Andrew entered the room with +an agitated and serious face. As soon as he saw Natsha his face +brightened. He kissed the countess hand and Natshas, and sat +down beside the sofa. + +It is long since we had the pleasure... began the countess, +but Prince Andrew interrupted her by answering her intended question, +obviously in haste to say what he had to. + +I have not been to see you all this time because I have been at my +fathers. I had to talk over a very important matter with him. I only +got back last night, he said glancing at Natsha I want to have +a talk with you, Countess, he added after a moments pause. + +The countess lowered her eyes, sighing deeply. + +I am at your disposal, she murmured. + +Natsha knew that she ought to go away, but was unable to do so +something gripped her throat, and regardless of manners she stared +straight at Prince Andrew with wide-open eyes. + +At once? This instant!... No, it cant be! she thought. + +Again he glanced at her, and that glance convinced her that she was not +mistaken. Yes, at once, that very instant, her fate would be decided. + +Go, Natsha! I will call you, said the countess in a whisper. + +Natsha glanced with frightened imploring eyes at Prince Andrew and at +her mother and went out. + +I have come, Countess, to ask for your daughters hand, said +Prince Andrew. + +The countess face flushed hotly, but she said nothing. + +Your offer... she began at last sedately. He remained silent, +looking into her eyes. Your offer... (she grew confused) is +agreeable to us, and I accept your offer. I am glad. And my husband... I +hope... but it will depend on her.... + +I will speak to her when I have your consent.... Do you give it to +me? said Prince Andrew. + +Yes, replied the countess. She held out her hand to him, and with +a mixed feeling of estrangement and tenderness pressed her lips to his +forehead as he stooped to kiss her hand. She wished to love him as a +son, but felt that to her he was a stranger and a terrifying man. I +am sure my husband will consent, said the countess, but your +father... + +My father, to whom I have told my plans, has made it an express +condition of his consent that the wedding is not to take place for a +year. And I wished to tell you of that, said Prince Andrew. + +It is true that Natsha is still young, butso long as that?... + +It is unavoidable, said Prince Andrew with a sigh. + +I will send her to you, said the countess, and left the room. + +Lord have mercy upon us! she repeated while seeking her daughter. + +Snya said that Natsha was in her bedroom. Natsha was sitting on +the bed, pale and dry-eyed, and was gazing at the icons and whispering +something as she rapidly crossed herself. Seeing her mother she jumped +up and flew to her. + +Well, Mamma?... Well?... + +Go, go to him. He is asking for your hand, said the countess, +coldly it seemed to Natsha. Go... go, said the mother, sadly and +reproachfully, with a deep sigh, as her daughter ran away. + +Natsha never remembered how she entered the drawing room. When she +came in and saw him she paused. Is it possible that this stranger +has now become everything to me? she asked herself, and immediately +answered, Yes, everything! He alone is now dearer to me than +everything in the world. Prince Andrew came up to her with downcast +eyes. + +I have loved you from the very first moment I saw you. May I hope? + +He looked at her and was struck by the serious impassioned expression of +her face. Her face said Why ask? Why doubt what you cannot but know? +Why speak, when words cannot express what one feels? + +She drew near to him and stopped. He took her hand and kissed it. + +Do you love me? + +Yes, yes! Natsha murmured as if in vexation. Then she sighed +loudly and, catching her breath more and more quickly, began to sob. + +What is it? Whats the matter? + +Oh, I am so happy! she replied, smiled through her tears, bent +over closer to him, paused for an instant as if asking herself whether +she might, and then kissed him. + +Prince Andrew held her hands, looked into her eyes, and did not find +in his heart his former love for her. Something in him had suddenly +changed there was no longer the former poetic and mystic charm of +desire, but there was pity for her feminine and childish weakness, fear +at her devotion and trustfulness, and an oppressive yet joyful sense of +the duty that now bound him to her forever. The present feeling, though +not so bright and poetic as the former, was stronger and more serious. + +Did your mother tell you that it cannot be for a year? asked +Prince Andrew, still looking into her eyes. + +Is it possible that Ithe chit of a girl, as everybody called +me, thought Natshais it possible that I am now to be the +wife and the equal of this strange, dear, clever man whom even my father +looks up to? Can it be true? Can it be true that there can be no +more playing with life, that now I am grown up, that on me now lies +a responsibility for my every word and deed? Yes, but what did he ask +me? + +No, she replied, but she had not understood his question. + +Forgive me! he said. But you are so young, and I have already +been through so much in life. I am afraid for you, you do not yet know +yourself. + +Natsha listened with concentrated attention, trying but failing to +take in the meaning of his words. + +Hard as this year which delays my happiness will be, continued +Prince Andrew, it will give you time to be sure of yourself. I ask +you to make me happy in a year, but you are free our engagement shall +remain a secret, and should you find that you do not love me, or should +you come to love... said Prince Andrew with an unnatural smile. + +Why do you say that? Natsha interrupted him. You know that +from the very day you first came to Otrdnoe I have loved you, she +cried, quite convinced that she spoke the truth. + +In a year you will learn to know yourself.... + +A whole year! Natsha repeated suddenly, only now realizing that +the marriage was to be postponed for a year. But why a year? Why a +year?... + +Prince Andrew began to explain to her the reasons for this delay. +Natsha did not hear him. + +And cant it be helped? she asked. Prince Andrew did not reply, +but his face expressed the impossibility of altering that decision. + +Its awful! Oh, its awful! awful! Natsha suddenly cried, +and again burst into sobs. I shall die, waiting a year its +impossible, its awful! She looked into her lovers face and saw +in it a look of commiseration and perplexity. + +No, no! Ill do anything! she said, suddenly checking her tears. +I am so happy. + +The father and mother came into the room and gave the betrothed couple +their blessing. + +From that day Prince Andrew began to frequent the Rostvs as +Natshas affianced lover. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +No betrothal ceremony took place and Natshas engagement to +Bolknski was not announced Prince Andrew insisted on that. He said +that as he was responsible for the delay he ought to bear the whole +burden of it that he had given his word and bound himself forever, but +that he did not wish to bind Natsha and gave her perfect freedom. If +after six months she felt that she did not love him she would have full +right to reject him. Naturally neither Natsha nor her parents wished +to hear of this, but Prince Andrew was firm. He came every day to the +Rostvs, but did not behave to Natsha as an affianced lover he +did not use the familiar thou, but said you to her, and kissed only her +hand. After their engagement, quite different, intimate, and natural +relations sprang up between them. It was as if they had not known each +other till now. Both liked to recall how they had regarded each other +when as yet they were nothing to one another they felt themselves +now quite different beings then they were artificial, now natural and +sincere. At first the family felt some constraint in intercourse with +Prince Andrew he seemed a man from another world, and for a long time +Natsha trained the family to get used to him, proudly assuring them +all that he only appeared to be different, but was really just like all +of them, and that she was not afraid of him and no one else ought to be. +After a few days they grew accustomed to him, and without restraint in +his presence pursued their usual way of life, in which he took his part. +He could talk about rural economy with the count, fashions with the +countess and Natsha, and about albums and fancywork with Snya. +Sometimes the household both among themselves and in his presence +expressed their wonder at how it had all happened, and at the evident +omens there had been of it Prince Andrews coming to Otrdnoe and +their coming to Petersburg, and the likeness between Natsha and Prince +Andrew which her nurse had noticed on his first visit, and Andrews +encounter with Nicholas in 1805, and many other incidents betokening +that it had to be. + +In the house that poetic dullness and quiet reigned which always +accompanies the presence of a betrothed couple. Often when all sitting +together everyone kept silent. Sometimes the others would get up and +go away and the couple, left alone, still remained silent. They rarely +spoke of their future life. Prince Andrew was afraid and ashamed to +speak of it. Natsha shared this as she did all his feelings, which she +constantly divined. Once she began questioning him about his son. Prince +Andrew blushed, as he often did nowNatsha particularly liked it in +himand said that his son would not live with them. + +Why not? asked Natsha in a frightened tone. + +I cannot take him away from his grandfather, and besides... + +How I should have loved him! said Natsha, immediately guessing +his thought but I know you wish to avoid any pretext for finding +fault with us. + +Sometimes the old count would come up, kiss Prince Andrew, and ask +his advice about Ptyas education or Nicholas service. The +old countess sighed as she looked at them Snya was always getting +frightened lest she should be in the way and tried to find excuses for +leaving them alone, even when they did not wish it. When Prince Andrew +spoke (he could tell a story very well), Natsha listened to him +with pride when she spoke she noticed with fear and joy that he gazed +attentively and scrutinizingly at her. She asked herself in perplexity +What does he look for in me? He is trying to discover something by +looking at me! What if what he seeks in me is not there? Sometimes +she fell into one of the mad, merry moods characteristic of her, and +then she particularly loved to hear and see how Prince Andrew laughed. +He seldom laughed, but when he did he abandoned himself entirely to his +laughter, and after such a laugh she always felt nearer to him. Natsha +would have been completely happy if the thought of the separation +awaiting her and drawing near had not terrified her, just as the mere +thought of it made him turn pale and cold. + +On the eve of his departure from Petersburg Prince Andrew brought with +him Pierre, who had not been to the Rostvs once since the ball. +Pierre seemed disconcerted and embarrassed. He was talking to the +countess, and Natsha sat down beside a little chess table with Snya, +thereby inviting Prince Andrew to come too. He did so. + +You have known Bezkhov a long time? he asked. Do you like +him? + +Yes, hes a dear, but very absurd. + +And as usual when speaking of Pierre, she began to tell anecdotes of his +absent-mindedness, some of which had even been invented about him. + +Do you know I have entrusted him with our secret? I have known him +from childhood. He has a heart of gold. I beg you, Natalie, Prince +Andrew said with sudden seriousnessI am going away and heaven +knows what may happen. You may cease to... all right, I know I am not +to say that. Only this, then whatever may happen to you when I am not +here... + +What can happen? + +Whatever trouble may come, Prince Andrew continued, I beg +you, Mademoiselle Sophie, whatever may happen, to turn to him alone for +advice and help! He is a most absent-minded and absurd fellow, but he +has a heart of gold. + +Neither her father, nor her mother, nor Snya, nor Prince Andrew +himself could have foreseen how the separation from her lover would act +on Natsha. Flushed and agitated she went about the house all that day, +dry-eyed, occupied with most trivial matters as if not understanding +what awaited her. She did not even cry when, on taking leave, he kissed +her hand for the last time. Dont go! she said in a tone +that made him wonder whether he really ought not to stay and which he +remembered long afterwards. Nor did she cry when he was gone but +for several days she sat in her room dry-eyed, taking no interest in +anything and only saying now and then, Oh, why did he go away? + +But a fortnight after his departure, to the surprise of those around +her, she recovered from her mental sickness just as suddenly and became +her old self again, but with a change in her moral physiognomy, as a +child gets up after a long illness with a changed expression of face. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXV + +During that year after his sons departure, Prince Nicholas +Bolknskis health and temper became much worse. He grew still more +irritable, and it was Princess Mary who generally bore the brunt of his +frequent fits of unprovoked anger. He seemed carefully to seek out +her tender spots so as to torture her mentally as harshly as possible. +Princess Mary had two passions and consequently two joysher nephew, +little Nicholas, and religionand these were the favorite subjects +of the princes attacks and ridicule. Whatever was spoken of he would +bring round to the superstitiousness of old maids, or the petting +and spoiling of children. You want to make himlittle +Nicholasinto an old maid like yourself! A pity! Prince Andrew +wants a son and not an old maid, he would say. Or, turning to +Mademoiselle Bourienne, he would ask her in Princess Marys presence +how she liked our village priests and icons and would joke about them. + +He continually hurt Princess Marys feelings and tormented her, but it +cost her no effort to forgive him. Could he be to blame toward her, or +could her father, whom she knew loved her in spite of it all, be unjust? +And what is justice? The princess never thought of that proud word +justice. All the complex laws of man centered for her in one clear +and simple lawthe law of love and self-sacrifice taught us by Him who +lovingly suffered for mankind though He Himself was God. What had she to +do with the justice or injustice of other people? She had to endure and +love, and that she did. + +During the winter Prince Andrew had come to Bald Hills and had been gay, +gentle, and more affectionate than Princess Mary had known him for a +long time past. She felt that something had happened to him, but he said +nothing to her about his love. Before he left he had a long talk with +his father about something, and Princess Mary noticed that before his +departure they were dissatisfied with one another. + +Soon after Prince Andrew had gone, Princess Mary wrote to her friend +Julie Kargina in Petersburg, whom she had dreamed (as all girls dream) +of marrying to her brother, and who was at that time in mourning for her +own brother, killed in Turkey. + +Sorrow, it seems, is our common lot, my dear, tender friend Julie. + +Your loss is so terrible that I can only explain it to myself as a +special providence of God who, loving you, wishes to try you and your +excellent mother. Oh, my friend! Religion, and religion alone, canI +will not say comfort usbut save us from despair. Religion alone can +explain to us what without its help man cannot comprehend why, for what +cause, kind and noble beings able to find happiness in lifenot merely +harming no one but necessary to the happiness of othersare called +away to God, while cruel, useless, harmful persons, or such as are a +burden to themselves and to others, are left living. The first death I +saw, and one I shall never forgetthat of my dear sister-in-lawleft +that impression on me. Just as you ask destiny why your splendid brother +had to die, so I asked why that angel Lise, who not only never wronged +anyone, but in whose soul there were never any unkind thoughts, had to +die. And what do you think, dear friend? Five years have passed since +then, and already I, with my petty understanding, begin to see clearly +why she had to die, and in what way that death was but an expression +of the infinite goodness of the Creator, whose every action, though +generally incomprehensible to us, is but a manifestation of His infinite +love for His creatures. Perhaps, I often think, she was too angelically +innocent to have the strength to perform all a mothers duties. As a +young wife she was irreproachable perhaps she could not have been so +as a mother. As it is, not only has she left us, and particularly Prince +Andrew, with the purest regrets and memories, but probably she will +there receive a place I dare not hope for myself. But not to speak of +her alone, that early and terrible death has had the most beneficent +influence on me and on my brother in spite of all our grief. Then, at +the moment of our loss, these thoughts could not occur to me I should +then have dismissed them with horror, but now they are very clear and +certain. I write all this to you, dear friend, only to convince you +of the Gospel truth which has become for me a principle of life not +a single hair of our heads will fall without His will. And His will is +governed only by infinite love for us, and so whatever befalls us is for +our good. + +You ask whether we shall spend next winter in Moscow. In spite of my +wish to see you, I do not think so and do not want to do so. You will +be surprised to hear that the reason for this is Buonaparte! The case is +this my fathers health is growing noticeably worse, he cannot stand +any contradiction and is becoming irritable. This irritability is, as +you know, chiefly directed to political questions. He cannot endure +the notion that Buonaparte is negotiating on equal terms with all the +sovereigns of Europe and particularly with our own, the grandson of the +Great Catherine! As you know, I am quite indifferent to politics, but +from my fathers remarks and his talks with Michael Ivnovich I know +all that goes on in the world and especially about the honors conferred +on Buonaparte, who only at Bald Hills in the whole world, it seems, is +not accepted as a great man, still less as Emperor of France. And my +father cannot stand this. It seems to me that it is chiefly because of +his political views that my father is reluctant to speak of going to +Moscow for he foresees the encounters that would result from his way +of expressing his views regardless of anybody. All the benefit he might +derive from a course of treatment he would lose as a result of the +disputes about Buonaparte which would be inevitable. In any case it will +be decided very shortly. + +Our family life goes on in the old way except for my brother Andrews +absence. He, as I wrote you before, has changed very much of late. After +his sorrow he only this year quite recovered his spirits. He has again +become as I used to know him when a child kind, affectionate, with that +heart of gold to which I know no equal. He has realized, it seems to me, +that life is not over for him. But together with this mental change +he has grown physically much weaker. He has become thinner and more +nervous. I am anxious about him and glad he is taking this trip abroad +which the doctors recommended long ago. I hope it will cure him. You +write that in Petersburg he is spoken of as one of the most active, +cultivated, and capable of the young men. Forgive my vanity as a +relation, but I never doubted it. The good he has done to everybody +here, from his peasants up to the gentry, is incalculable. On his +arrival in Petersburg he received only his due. I always wonder at the +way rumors fly from Petersburg to Moscow, especially such false ones as +that you write aboutI mean the report of my brothers betrothal to +the little Rostva. I do not think my brother will ever marry again, +and certainly not her and this is why first, I know that though he +rarely speaks about the wife he has lost, the grief of that loss +has gone too deep in his heart for him ever to decide to give her a +successor and our little angel a stepmother. Secondly because, as far +as I know, that girl is not the kind of girl who could please Prince +Andrew. I do not think he would choose her for a wife, and frankly I do +not wish it. But I am running on too long and am at the end of my second +sheet. Good-by, my dear friend. May God keep you in His holy and mighty +care. My dear friend, Mademoiselle Bourienne, sends you kisses. + +MARY + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +In the middle of the summer Princess Mary received an unexpected letter +from Prince Andrew in Switzerland in which he gave her strange and +surprising news. He informed her of his engagement to Natsha Rostva. +The whole letter breathed loving rapture for his betrothed and tender +and confiding affection for his sister. He wrote that he had never loved +as he did now and that only now did he understand and know what life +was. He asked his sister to forgive him for not having told her of his +resolve when he had last visited Bald Hills, though he had spoken of it +to his father. He had not done so for fear Princess Mary should ask her +father to give his consent, irritating him and having to bear the brunt +of his displeasure without attaining her object. Besides, he +wrote, the matter was not then so definitely settled as it is now. +My father then insisted on a delay of a year and now already six months, +half of that period, have passed, and my resolution is firmer than ever. +If the doctors did not keep me here at the spas I should be back in +Russia, but as it is I have to postpone my return for three months. You +know me and my relations with Father. I want nothing from him. I have +been and always shall be independent but to go against his will and +arouse his anger, now that he may perhaps remain with us such a short +time, would destroy half my happiness. I am now writing to him about +the same question, and beg you to choose a good moment to hand him the +letter and to let me know how he looks at the whole matter and whether +there is hope that he may consent to reduce the term by four months. + +After long hesitations, doubts, and prayers, Princess Mary gave the +letter to her father. The next day the old prince said to her quietly + +Write and tell your brother to wait till I am dead.... It wont be +longI shall soon set him free. + +The princess was about to reply, but her father would not let her speak +and, raising his voice more and more, cried + +Marry, marry, my boy!... A good family!... Clever people, eh? Rich, +eh? Yes, a nice stepmother little Nicholas will have! Write and tell him +that he may marry tomorrow if he likes. She will be little Nicholas +stepmother and Ill marry Bourienne!... Ha, ha, ha! He mustnt be +without a stepmother either! Only one thing, no more women are wanted +in my houselet him marry and live by himself. Perhaps you will go +and live with him too? he added, turning to Princess Mary. Go in +heavens name! Go out into the frost... the frost... the frost! + +After this outburst the prince did not speak any more about the matter. +But repressed vexation at his sons poor-spirited behavior found +expression in his treatment of his daughter. To his former pretexts +for irony a fresh one was now addedallusions to stepmothers and +amiabilities to Mademoiselle Bourienne. + +Why shouldnt I marry her? he asked his daughter. Shell +make a splendid princess! + +And latterly, to her surprise and bewilderment, Princess Mary +noticed that her father was really associating more and more with the +Frenchwoman. She wrote to Prince Andrew about the reception of his +letter, but comforted him with hopes of reconciling their father to the +idea. + +Little Nicholas and his education, her brother Andrew, and religion +were Princess Marys joys and consolations but besides that, since +everyone must have personal hopes, Princess Mary in the profoundest +depths of her heart had a hidden dream and hope that supplied the chief +consolation of her life. This comforting dream and hope were given her +by Gods folkthe half-witted and other pilgrims who visited +her without the princes knowledge. The longer she lived, the more +experience and observation she had of life, the greater was her wonder +at the short-sightedness of men who seek enjoyment and happiness here +on earth toiling, suffering, struggling, and harming one another, to +obtain that impossible, visionary, sinful happiness. Prince Andrew had +loved his wife, she died, but that was not enough he wanted to bind +his happiness to another woman. Her father objected to this because he +wanted a more distinguished and wealthier match for Andrew. And they +all struggled and suffered and tormented one another and injured their +souls, their eternal souls, for the attainment of benefits which endure +but for an instant. Not only do we know this ourselves, but Christ, the +Son of God, came down to earth and told us that this life is but for +a moment and is a probation yet we cling to it and think to find +happiness in it. How is it that no one realizes this? thought +Princess Mary. No one except these despised Gods folk who, wallet +on back, come to me by the back door, afraid of being seen by the +prince, not for fear of ill-usage by him but for fear of causing him +to sin. To leave family, home, and all the cares of worldly welfare, in +order without clinging to anything to wander in hempen rags from place +to place under an assumed name, doing no one any harm but praying for +allfor those who drive one away as well as for those who protect one +higher than that life and truth there is no life or truth! + +There was one pilgrim, a quiet pockmarked little woman of fifty called +Theodosia, who for over thirty years had gone about barefoot and worn +heavy chains. Princess Mary was particularly fond of her. Once, when in +a room with a lamp dimly lit before the icon Theodosia was talking of +her life, the thought that Theodosia alone had found the true path of +life suddenly came to Princess Mary with such force that she resolved to +become a pilgrim herself. When Theodosia had gone to sleep Princess Mary +thought about this for a long time, and at last made up her mind that, +strange as it might seem, she must go on a pilgrimage. She disclosed +this thought to no one but to her confessor, Father Aknfi, the monk, +and he approved of her intention. Under guise of a present for the +pilgrims, Princess Mary prepared a pilgrims complete costume for +herself a coarse smock, bast shoes, a rough coat, and a black kerchief. +Often, approaching the chest of drawers containing this secret treasure, +Princess Mary paused, uncertain whether the time had not already come to +put her project into execution. + +Often, listening to the pilgrims tales, she was so stimulated by +their simple speech, mechanical to them but to her so full of deep +meaning, that several times she was on the point of abandoning +everything and running away from home. In imagination she already +pictured herself by Theodosias side, dressed in coarse rags, walking +with a staff, a wallet on her back, along the dusty road, directing her +wanderings from one saints shrine to another, free from envy, earthly +love, or desire, and reaching at last the place where there is no more +sorrow or sighing, but eternal joy and bliss. + +I shall come to a place and pray there, and before having time to get +used to it or getting to love it, I shall go farther. I will go on till +my legs fail, and Ill lie down and die somewhere, and shall at last +reach that eternal, quiet haven, where there is neither sorrow nor +sighing... thought Princess Mary. + +But afterwards, when she saw her father and especially little Koko +(Nicholas), her resolve weakened. She wept quietly, and felt that she +was a sinner who loved her father and little nephew more than God. + + + + + +BOOK SEVEN 1810 - 11 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +The Bible legend tells us that the absence of laboridlenesswas a +condition of the first mans blessedness before the Fall. Fallen man +has retained a love of idleness, but the curse weighs on the race not +only because we have to seek our bread in the sweat of our brows, but +because our moral nature is such that we cannot be both idle and at +ease. An inner voice tells us we are in the wrong if we are idle. If man +could find a state in which he felt that though idle he was fulfilling +his duty, he would have found one of the conditions of mans primitive +blessedness. And such a state of obligatory and irreproachable idleness +is the lot of a whole classthe military. The chief attraction of +military service has consisted and will consist in this compulsory and +irreproachable idleness. + +Nicholas Rostv experienced this blissful condition to the full when, +after 1807, he continued to serve in the Pvlograd regiment, in which +he already commanded the squadron he had taken over from Densov. + +Rostv had become a bluff, good-natured fellow, whom his Moscow +acquaintances would have considered rather bad form, but who was liked +and respected by his comrades, subordinates, and superiors, and was well +contented with his life. Of late, in 1809, he found in letters from home +more frequent complaints from his mother that their affairs were falling +into greater and greater disorder, and that it was time for him to come +back to gladden and comfort his old parents. + +Reading these letters, Nicholas felt a dread of their wanting to +take him away from surroundings in which, protected from all the +entanglements of life, he was living so calmly and quietly. He felt that +sooner or later he would have to re-enter that whirlpool of life, with +its embarrassments and affairs to be straightened out, its accounts +with stewards, quarrels, and intrigues, its ties, society, and with +Snyas love and his promise to her. It was all dreadfully difficult +and complicated and he replied to his mother in cold, formal letters +in French, beginning My dear Mamma, and ending Your obedient +son, which said nothing of when he would return. In 1810 he received +letters from his parents, in which they told him of Natshas +engagement to Bolknski, and that the wedding would be in a years +time because the old prince made difficulties. This letter grieved and +mortified Nicholas. In the first place he was sorry that Natsha, for +whom he cared more than for anyone else in the family, should be lost to +the home and secondly, from his hussar point of view, he regretted not +to have been there to show that fellow Bolknski that connection with +him was no such great honor after all, and that if he loved Natsha he +might dispense with permission from his dotard father. For a moment he +hesitated whether he should not apply for leave in order to see Natsha +before she was married, but then came the maneuvers, and considerations +about Snya and about the confusion of their affairs, and Nicholas +again put it off. But in the spring of that year, he received a letter +from his mother, written without his fathers knowledge, and that +letter persuaded him to return. She wrote that if he did not come and +take matters in hand, their whole property would be sold by auction and +they would all have to go begging. The count was so weak, and trusted +Mtenka so much, and was so good-natured, that everybody took advantage +of him and things were going from bad to worse. For Gods sake, I +implore you, come at once if you do not wish to make me and the whole +family wretched, wrote the countess. + +This letter touched Nicholas. He had that common sense of a +matter-of-fact man which showed him what he ought to do. + +The right thing now was, if not to retire from the service, at any rate +to go home on leave. Why he had to go he did not know but after his +after-dinner nap he gave orders to saddle Mars, an extremely vicious +gray stallion that had not been ridden for a long time, and when +he returned with the horse all in a lather, he informed Lavrshka +(Densovs servant who had remained with him) and his comrades who +turned up in the evening that he was applying for leave and was going +home. Difficult and strange as it was for him to reflect that he would +go away without having heard from the staffand this interested him +extremelywhether he was promoted to a captaincy or would receive the +Order of St. Anne for the last maneuvers strange as it was to think +that he would go away without having sold his three roans to the Polish +Count Golukhovski, who was bargaining for the horses Rostv had betted +he would sell for two thousand rubles incomprehensible as it +seemed that the ball the hussars were giving in honor of the Polish +Mademoiselle Przazdziecka (out of rivalry to the Uhlans who had given +one in honor of their Polish Mademoiselle Borzozowska) would take place +without himhe knew he must go away from this good, bright world to +somewhere where everything was stupid and confused. A week later he +obtained his leave. His hussar comradesnot only those of his own +regiment, but the whole brigadegave Rostv a dinner to which the +subscription was fifteen rubles a head, and at which there were two +bands and two choirs of singers. Rostv danced the Trepk with Major +Bsov the tipsy officers tossed, embraced, and dropped Rostv the +soldiers of the third squadron tossed him too, and shouted hurrah! +and then they put him in his sleigh and escorted him as far as the first +post station. + +During the first half of the journeyfrom Kremenchg to Kievall +Rostvs thoughts, as is usual in such cases, were behind him, with +the squadron but when he had gone more than halfway he began to forget +his three roans and Dozhoyvyko, his quartermaster, and to wonder +anxiously how things would be at Otrdnoe and what he would find +there. Thoughts of home grew stronger the nearer he approached itfar +stronger, as though this feeling of his was subject to the law by which +the force of attraction is in inverse proportion to the square of the +distance. At the last post station before Otrdnoe he gave the driver a +three-ruble tip, and on arriving he ran breathlessly, like a boy, up the +steps of his home. + +After the rapture of meeting, and after that odd feeling of unsatisfied +expectationthe feeling that everything is just the same, so why +did I hurry?Nicholas began to settle down in his old home world. +His father and mother were much the same, only a little older. What was +new in them was a certain uneasiness and occasional discord, which there +used not to be, and which, as Nicholas soon found out, was due to the +bad state of their affairs. Snya was nearly twenty she had stopped +growing prettier and promised nothing more than she was already, but +that was enough. She exhaled happiness and love from the time Nicholas +returned, and the faithful, unalterable love of this girl had a +gladdening effect on him. Ptya and Natsha surprised Nicholas +most. Ptya was a big handsome boy of thirteen, merry, witty, and +mischievous, with a voice that was already breaking. As for Natsha, +for a long while Nicholas wondered and laughed whenever he looked at +her. + +Youre not the same at all, he said. + +How? Am I uglier? + +On the contrary, but what dignity? A princess! he whispered to +her. + +Yes, yes, yes! cried Natsha, joyfully. + +She told him about her romance with Prince Andrew and of his visit to +Otrdnoe and showed him his last letter. + +Well, are you glad? Natsha asked. I am so tranquil and happy +now. + +Very glad, answered Nicholas. He is an excellent fellow.... And +are you very much in love? + +How shall I put it? replied Natsha. I was in love with +Bors, with my teacher, and with Densov, but this is quite different. +I feel at peace and settled. I know that no better man than he exists, +and I am calm and contented now. Not at all as before. + +Nicholas expressed his disapproval of the postponement of the marriage +for a year but Natsha attacked her brother with exasperation, proving +to him that it could not be otherwise, and that it would be a bad thing +to enter a family against the fathers will, and that she herself +wished it so. + +You dont at all understand, she said. + +Nicholas was silent and agreed with her. + +Her brother often wondered as he looked at her. She did not seem at +all like a girl in love and parted from her affianced husband. She was +even-tempered and calm and quite as cheerful as of old. This amazed +Nicholas and even made him regard Bolknskis courtship skeptically. +He could not believe that her fate was sealed, especially as he had +not seen her with Prince Andrew. It always seemed to him that there was +something not quite right about this intended marriage. + +Why this delay? Why no betrothal? he thought. Once, when he had +touched on this topic with his mother, he discovered, to his surprise +and somewhat to his satisfaction, that in the depth of her soul she too +had doubts about this marriage. + +You see he writes, said she, showing her son a letter of Prince +Andrews, with that latent grudge a mother always has in regard to a +daughters future married happiness, he writes that he wont come +before December. What can be keeping him? Illness, probably! His health +is very delicate. Dont tell Natsha. And dont attach importance +to her being so bright thats because shes living through the last +days of her girlhood, but I know what she is like every time we receive +a letter from him! However, God grant that everything turns out well! +(She always ended with these words.) He is an excellent man! + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +After reaching home Nicholas was at first serious and even dull. He was +worried by the impending necessity of interfering in the stupid business +matters for which his mother had called him home. To throw off this +burden as quickly as possible, on the third day after his arrival he +went, angry and scowling and without answering questions as to where he +was going, to Mtenkas lodge and demanded an account of everything. +But what an account of everything might be Nicholas knew even less +than the frightened and bewildered Mtenka. The conversation and the +examination of the accounts with Mtenka did not last long. The village +elder, a peasant delegate, and the village clerk, who were waiting in +the passage, heard with fear and delight first the young counts voice +roaring and snapping and rising louder and louder, and then words of +abuse, dreadful words, ejaculated one after the other. + +Robber!... Ungrateful wretch!... Ill hack the dog to pieces! Im +not my father!... Robbing us!... and so on. + +Then with no less fear and delight they saw how the young count, red in +the face and with bloodshot eyes, dragged Mtenka out by the scruff of +the neck and applied his foot and knee to his behind with great agility +at convenient moments between the words, shouting, Be off! Never let +me see your face here again, you villain! + +Mtenka flew headlong down the six steps and ran away into the +shrubbery. (This shrubbery was a well-known haven of refuge for culprits +at Otrdnoe. Mtenka himself, returning tipsy from the town, used +to hide there, and many of the residents at Otrdnoe, hiding from +Mtenka, knew of its protective qualities.) + +Mtenkas wife and sisters-in-law thrust their heads and frightened +faces out of the door of a room where a bright samovar was boiling and +where the stewards high bedstead stood with its patchwork quilt. + +The young count paid no heed to them, but, breathing hard, passed by +with resolute strides and went into the house. + +The countess, who heard at once from the maids what had happened at the +lodge, was calmed by the thought that now their affairs would certainly +improve, but on the other hand felt anxious as to the effect this +excitement might have on her son. She went several times to his door on +tiptoe and listened, as he lighted one pipe after another. + +Next day the old count called his son aside and, with an embarrassed +smile, said to him + +But you know, my dear boy, its a pity you got excited! Mtenka +has told me all about it. + +I knew, thought Nicholas, that I should never understand +anything in this crazy world. + +You were angry that he had not entered those 700 rubles. But they +were carried forwardand you did not look at the other page. + +Papa, he is a blackguard and a thief! I know he is! And what I have +done, I have done but, if you like, I wont speak to him again. + +No, my dear boy (the count, too, felt embarrassed. He knew he had +mismanaged his wifes property and was to blame toward his children, +but he did not know how to remedy it). No, I beg you to attend to the +business. I am old. I... + +No, Papa. Forgive me if I have caused you unpleasantness. I +understand it all less than you do. + +Devil take all these peasants, and money matters, and carryings +forward from page to page, he thought. I used to understand what +a corner and the stakes at cards meant, but carrying forward to +another page I dont understand at all, said he to himself, and +after that he did not meddle in business affairs. But once the countess +called her son and informed him that she had a promissory note from Anna +Mikhylovna for two thousand rubles, and asked him what he thought of +doing with it. + +This, answered Nicholas. You say it rests with me. Well, I +dont like Anna Mikhylovna and I dont like Bors, but they were +our friends and poor. Well then, this! and he tore up the note, and +by so doing caused the old countess to weep tears of joy. After that, +young Rostv took no further part in any business affairs, but +devoted himself with passionate enthusiasm to what was to him a new +pursuitthe chasefor which his father kept a large establishment. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +The weather was already growing wintry and morning frosts congealed +an earth saturated by autumn rains. The verdure had thickened and its +bright green stood out sharply against the brownish strips of winter rye +trodden down by the cattle, and against the pale-yellow stubble of the +spring buckwheat. The wooded ravines and the copses, which at the end of +August had still been green islands amid black fields and stubble, had +become golden and bright-red islands amid the green winter rye. The +hares had already half changed their summer coats, the fox cubs were +beginning to scatter, and the young wolves were bigger than dogs. It was +the best time of the year for the chase. The hounds of that ardent young +sportsman Rostv had not merely reached hard winter condition, but were +so jaded that at a meeting of the huntsmen it was decided to give them +a three days rest and then, on the sixteenth of September, to go on +a distant expedition, starting from the oak grove where there was an +undisturbed litter of wolf cubs. + +All that day the hounds remained at home. It was frosty and the air was +sharp, but toward evening the sky became overcast and it began to thaw. +On the fifteenth, when young Rostv, in his dressing gown, looked out +of the window, he saw it was an unsurpassable morning for hunting it +was as if the sky were melting and sinking to the earth without any +wind. The only motion in the air was that of the dripping, microscopic +particles of drizzling mist. The bare twigs in the garden were hung with +transparent drops which fell on the freshly fallen leaves. The earth in +the kitchen garden looked wet and black and glistened like poppy seed +and at a short distance merged into the dull, moist veil of mist. +Nicholas went out into the wet and muddy porch. There was a smell of +decaying leaves and of dog. Mlka, a black-spotted, broad-haunched +bitch with prominent black eyes, got up on seeing her master, stretched +her hind legs, lay down like a hare, and then suddenly jumped up and +licked him right on his nose and mustache. Another borzoi, a dog, +catching sight of his master from the garden path, arched his back +and, rushing headlong toward the porch with lifted tail, began rubbing +himself against his legs. + +O-hoy! came at that moment, that inimitable huntsmans call +which unites the deepest bass with the shrillest tenor, and round +the corner came Daniel the head huntsman and head kennelman, a gray, +wrinkled old man with hair cut straight over his forehead, Ukrainian +fashion, a long bent whip in his hand, and that look of independence +and scorn of everything that is only seen in huntsmen. He doffed his +Circassian cap to his master and looked at him scornfully. This scorn +was not offensive to his master. Nicholas knew that this Daniel, +disdainful of everybody and who considered himself above them, was all +the same his serf and huntsman. + +Daniel! Nicholas said timidly, conscious at the sight of the +weather, the hounds, and the huntsman that he was being carried away +by that irresistible passion for sport which makes a man forget all +his previous resolutions, as a lover forgets in the presence of his +mistress. + +What orders, your excellency? said the huntsman in his deep bass, +deep as a proto-deacons and hoarse with hallooingand two flashing +black eyes gazed from under his brows at his master, who was silent. +Can you resist it? those eyes seemed to be asking. + +Its a good day, eh? For a hunt and a gallop, eh? asked +Nicholas, scratching Mlka behind the ears. + +Daniel did not answer, but winked instead. + +I sent Uvrka at dawn to listen, his bass boomed out after a +minutes pause. He says shes moved them into the Otrdnoe +enclosure. They were howling there. (This meant that the she-wolf, +about whom they both knew, had moved with her cubs to the Otrdnoe +copse, a small place a mile and a half from the house.) + +We ought to go, dont you think so? said Nicholas. Come to me +with Uvrka. + +As you please. + +Then put off feeding them. + +Yes, sir. + +Five minutes later Daniel and Uvrka were standing in Nicholas big +study. Though Daniel was not a big man, to see him in a room was +like seeing a horse or a bear on the floor among the furniture and +surroundings of human life. Daniel himself felt this, and as usual stood +just inside the door, trying to speak softly and not move, for fear of +breaking something in the masters apartment, and he hastened to say +all that was necessary so as to get from under that ceiling, out into +the open under the sky once more. + +Having finished his inquiries and extorted from Daniel an opinion that +the hounds were fit (Daniel himself wished to go hunting), Nicholas +ordered the horses to be saddled. But just as Daniel was about to +go Natsha came in with rapid steps, not having done up her hair or +finished dressing and with her old nurses big shawl wrapped round +her. Ptya ran in at the same time. + +You are going? asked Natsha. I knew you would! Snya said +you wouldnt go, but I knew that today is the sort of day when you +couldnt help going. + +Yes, we are going, replied Nicholas reluctantly, for today, as he +intended to hunt seriously, he did not want to take Natsha and Ptya. +We are going, but only wolf hunting it would be dull for you. + +You know it is my greatest pleasure, said Natsha. Its not +fair you are going by yourself, are having the horses saddled and said +nothing to us about it. + +No barrier bars a Russians pathwell go! shouted +Ptya. + +But you cant. Mamma said you mustnt, said Nicholas to +Natsha. + +Yes, Ill go. I shall certainly go, said Natsha decisively. +Daniel, tell them to saddle for us, and Michael must come with my +dogs, she added to the huntsman. + +It seemed to Daniel irksome and improper to be in a room at all, but to +have anything to do with a young lady seemed to him impossible. He +cast down his eyes and hurried out as if it were none of his business, +careful as he went not to inflict any accidental injury on the young +lady. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +The old count, who had always kept up an enormous hunting establishment +but had now handed it all completely over to his sons care, being +in very good spirits on this fifteenth of September, prepared to go out +with the others. + +In an hours time the whole hunting party was at the porch. Nicholas, +with a stern and serious air which showed that now was no time for +attending to trifles, went past Natsha and Ptya who were trying to +tell him something. He had a look at all the details of the hunt, sent +a pack of hounds and huntsmen on ahead to find the quarry, mounted his +chestnut Donts, and whistling to his own leash of borzois, set off +across the threshing ground to a field leading to the Otrdnoe wood. +The old counts horse, a sorrel gelding called Viflynka, was led by +the groom in attendance on him, while the count himself was to drive in +a small trap straight to a spot reserved for him. + +They were taking fifty-four hounds, with six hunt attendants and +whippers-in. Besides the family, there were eight borzoi kennelmen +and more than forty borzois, so that, with the borzois on the leash +belonging to members of the family, there were about a hundred and +thirty dogs and twenty horsemen. + +Each dog knew its master and its call. Each man in the hunt knew his +business, his place, what he had to do. As soon as they had passed the +fence they all spread out evenly and quietly, without noise or talk, +along the road and field leading to the Otrdnoe covert. + +The horses stepped over the field as over a thick carpet, now and then +splashing into puddles as they crossed a road. The misty sky still +seemed to descend evenly and imperceptibly toward the earth, the air +was still, warm, and silent. Occasionally the whistle of a huntsman, +the snort of a horse, the crack of a whip, or the whine of a straggling +hound could be heard. + +When they had gone a little less than a mile, five more riders with +dogs appeared out of the mist, approaching the Rostvs. In front rode a +fresh-looking, handsome old man with a large gray mustache. + +Good morning, Uncle! said Nicholas, when the old man drew near. + +Thats it. Come on!... I was sure of it, began Uncle. (He +was a distant relative of the Rostvs, a man of small means, and +their neighbor.) I knew you wouldnt be able to resist it and +its a good thing youre going. Thats it! Come on! (This was +Uncles favorite expression.) Take the covert at once, for my +Grchik says the Ilgins are at Kornik with their hounds. Thats +it. Come on!... Theyll take the cubs from under your very nose. + +Thats where Im going. Shall we join up our packs? asked +Nicholas. + +The hounds were joined into one pack, and Uncle and Nicholas rode +on side by side. Natsha, muffled up in shawls which did not hide her +eager face and shining eyes, galloped up to them. She was followed by +Ptya who always kept close to her, by Michael, a huntsman, and by a +groom appointed to look after her. Ptya, who was laughing, whipped and +pulled at his horse. Natsha sat easily and confidently on her black +Arbchik and reined him in without effort with a firm hand. + +Uncle looked round disapprovingly at Ptya and Natsha. He did +not like to combine frivolity with the serious business of hunting. + +Good morning, Uncle! We are going too! shouted Ptya. + +Good morning, good morning! But dont go overriding the hounds, +said Uncle sternly. + +Nicholas, what a fine dog Trunla is! He knew me, said Natsha, +referring to her favorite hound. + +In the first place, Trunla is not a dog, but a harrier, +thought Nicholas, and looked sternly at his sister, trying to make her +feel the distance that ought to separate them at that moment. Natsha +understood it. + +You mustnt think well be in anyones way, Uncle, she said. +Well go to our places and wont budge. + +A good thing too, little countess, said Uncle, only mind +you dont fall off your horse, he added, becausethats it, +come on!youve nothing to hold on to. + +The oasis of the Otrdnoe covert came in sight a few hundred yards off, +the huntsmen were already nearing it. Rostv, having finally settled +with Uncle where they should set on the hounds, and having shown +Natsha where she was to standa spot where nothing could possibly +run outwent round above the ravine. + +Well, nephew, youre going for a big wolf, said Uncle. +Mind and dont let her slip! + +Thats as may happen, answered Rostv. Kary, here! he +shouted, answering Uncles remark by this call to his borzoi. +Kary was a shaggy old dog with a hanging jowl, famous for having +tackled a big wolf unaided. They all took up their places. + +The old count, knowing his sons ardor in the hunt, hurried so as not +to be late, and the huntsmen had not yet reached their places when Count +Ily Rostv, cheerful, flushed, and with quivering cheeks, drove up +with his black horses over the winter rye to the place reserved for him, +where a wolf might come out. Having straightened his coat and fastened +on his hunting knives and horn, he mounted his good, sleek, well-fed, +and comfortable horse, Viflynka, which was turning gray, like himself. +His horses and trap were sent home. Count Ily Rostv, though not at +heart a keen sportsman, knew the rules of the hunt well, and rode to +the bushy edge of the road where he was to stand, arranged his reins, +settled himself in the saddle, and, feeling that he was ready, looked +about with a smile. + +Beside him was Simon Chekmr, his personal attendant, an old horseman +now somewhat stiff in the saddle. Chekmr held in leash three +formidable wolfhounds, who had, however, grown fat like their master +and his horse. Two wise old dogs lay down unleashed. Some hundred paces +farther along the edge of the wood stood Mtka, the counts other +groom, a daring horseman and keen rider to hounds. Before the hunt, by +old custom, the count had drunk a silver cupful of mulled brandy, taken +a snack, and washed it down with half a bottle of his favorite Bordeaux. + +He was somewhat flushed with the wine and the drive. His eyes were +rather moist and glittered more than usual, and as he sat in his saddle, +wrapped up in his fur coat, he looked like a child taken out for an +outing. + +The thin, hollow-cheeked Chekmr, having got everything ready, kept +glancing at his master with whom he had lived on the best of terms for +thirty years, and understanding the mood he was in expected a pleasant +chat. A third person rode up circumspectly through the wood (it was +plain that he had had a lesson) and stopped behind the count. This +person was a gray-bearded old man in a womans cloak, with a tall +peaked cap on his head. He was the buffoon, who went by a womans +name, Nastsya Ivnovna. + +Well, Nastsya Ivnovna! whispered the count, winking at him. +If you scare away the beast, Danielll give it you! + +I know a thing or two myself! said Nastsya Ivnovna. + +Hush! whispered the count and turned to Simon. Have you seen +the young countess? he asked. Where is she? + +With young Count Peter, by the Zhrov rank grass, answered Simon, +smiling. Though shes a lady, shes very fond of hunting. + +And youre surprised at the way she rides, Simon, eh? said the +count. Shes as good as many a man! + +Of course! Its marvelous. So bold, so easy! + +And Nicholas? Where is he? By the Lydov upland, isnt he? + +Yes, sir. He knows where to stand. He understands the matter so well +that Daniel and I are often quite astounded, said Simon, well knowing +what would please his master. + +Rides well, eh? And how well he looks on his horse, eh? + +A perfect picture! How he chased a fox out of the rank grass by the +Zavrzinsk thicket the other day! Leaped a fearful place what a sight +when they rushed from the covert... the horse worth a thousand rubles +and the rider beyond all price! Yes, one would have to search far to +find another as smart. + +To search far... repeated the count, evidently sorry Simon had not +said more. To search far, he said, turning back the skirt of his +coat to get at his snuffbox. + +The other day when he came out from Mass in full uniform, Michael +Sidrych... Simon did not finish, for on the still air he had +distinctly caught the music of the hunt with only two or three hounds +giving tongue. He bent down his head and listened, shaking a warning +finger at his master. They are on the scent of the cubs... he +whispered, straight to the Lydov uplands. + +The count, forgetting to smooth out the smile on his face, looked into +the distance straight before him, down the narrow open space, holding +the snuffbox in his hand but not taking any. After the cry of the hounds +came the deep tones of the wolf call from Daniels hunting horn the +pack joined the first three hounds and they could be heard in full cry, +with that peculiar lift in the note that indicates that they are after +a wolf. The whippers-in no longer set on the hounds, but changed to the +cry of ulyulyu, and above the others rose Daniels voice, now a deep +bass, now piercingly shrill. His voice seemed to fill the whole wood and +carried far beyond out into the open field. + +After listening a few moments in silence, the count and his attendant +convinced themselves that the hounds had separated into two packs the +sound of the larger pack, eagerly giving tongue, began to die away in +the distance, the other pack rushed by the wood past the count, and +it was with this that Daniels voice was heard calling ulyulyu. +The sounds of both packs mingled and broke apart again, but both were +becoming more distant. + +Simon sighed and stooped to straighten the leash a young borzoi had +entangled the count too sighed and, noticing the snuffbox in his hand, +opened it and took a pinch. Back! cried Simon to a borzoi that +was pushing forward out of the wood. The count started and dropped the +snuffbox. Nastsya Ivnovna dismounted to pick it up. The count and +Simon were looking at him. + +Then, unexpectedly, as often happens, the sound of the hunt suddenly +approached, as if the hounds in full cry and Daniel ulyulyuing were just +in front of them. + +The count turned and saw on his right Mtka staring at him with eyes +starting out of his head, raising his cap and pointing before him to the +other side. + +Look out! he shouted, in a voice plainly showing that he had long +fretted to utter that word, and letting the borzois slip he galloped +toward the count. + +The count and Simon galloped out of the wood and saw on their left a +wolf which, softly swaying from side to side, was coming at a quiet +lope farther to the left to the very place where they were standing. +The angry borzois whined and getting free of the leash rushed past the +horses feet at the wolf. + +The wolf paused, turned its heavy forehead toward the dogs awkwardly, +like a man suffering from the quinsy, and, still slightly swaying +from side to side, gave a couple of leaps and with a swish of its tail +disappeared into the skirt of the wood. At the same instant, with a cry +like a wail, first one hound, then another, and then another, sprang +helter-skelter from the wood opposite and the whole pack rushed across +the field toward the very spot where the wolf had disappeared. The hazel +bushes parted behind the hounds and Daniels chestnut horse appeared, +dark with sweat. On its long back sat Daniel, hunched forward, capless, +his disheveled gray hair hanging over his flushed, perspiring face. + +Ulyulyulyu! ulyulyu!... he cried. When he caught sight of the +count his eyes flashed lightning. + +Blast you! he shouted, holding up his whip threateningly at the +count. + +Youve let the wolf go!... What sportsmen! and as if scorning to +say more to the frightened and shamefaced count, he lashed the heaving +flanks of his sweating chestnut gelding with all the anger the count +had aroused and flew off after the hounds. The count, like a punished +schoolboy, looked round, trying by a smile to win Simons sympathy for +his plight. But Simon was no longer there. He was galloping round by the +bushes while the field was coming up on both sides, all trying to head +the wolf, but it vanished into the wood before they could do so. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Nicholas Rostv meanwhile remained at his post, waiting for the wolf. +By the way the hunt approached and receded, by the cries of the dogs +whose notes were familiar to him, by the way the voices of the huntsmen +approached, receded, and rose, he realized what was happening at the +copse. He knew that young and old wolves were there, that the hounds had +separated into two packs, that somewhere a wolf was being chased, and +that something had gone wrong. He expected the wolf to come his way any +moment. He made thousands of different conjectures as to where and +from what side the beast would come and how he would set upon it. Hope +alternated with despair. Several times he addressed a prayer to God +that the wolf should come his way. He prayed with that passionate and +shamefaced feeling with which men pray at moments of great excitement +arising from trivial causes. What would it be to Thee to do this for +me? he said to God. I know Thou art great, and that it is a sin to +ask this of Thee, but for Gods sake do let the old wolf come my way +and let Kary spring at itin sight of Uncle who is watching +from over thereand seize it by the throat in a death grip! A +thousand times during that half-hour Rostv cast eager and restless +glances over the edge of the wood, with the two scraggy oaks rising +above the aspen undergrowth and the gully with its water-worn side and +Uncles cap just visible above the bush on his right. + +No, I shant have such luck, thought Rostv, yet what +wouldnt it be worth! It is not to be! Everywhere, at cards and in +war, I am always unlucky. Memories of Austerlitz and of Dlokhov +flashed rapidly and clearly through his mind. Only once in my life +to get an old wolf, I want only that! thought he, straining eyes and +ears and looking to the left and then to the right and listening to the +slightest variation of note in the cries of the dogs. + +Again he looked to the right and saw something running toward him across +the deserted field. No, it cant be! thought Rostv, taking a +deep breath, as a man does at the coming of something long hoped for. +The height of happiness was reachedand so simply, without warning, or +noise, or display, that Rostv could not believe his eyes and remained +in doubt for over a second. The wolf ran forward and jumped heavily over +a gully that lay in her path. She was an old animal with a gray back and +big reddish belly. She ran without hurry, evidently feeling sure that no +one saw her. Rostv, holding his breath, looked round at the borzois. +They stood or lay not seeing the wolf or understanding the situation. +Old Kary had turned his head and was angrily searching for fleas, +baring his yellow teeth and snapping at his hind legs. + +Ulyulyulyu! whispered Rostv, pouting his lips. The borzois +jumped up, jerking the rings of the leashes and pricking their ears. +Kary finished scratching his hindquarters and, cocking his ears, got +up with quivering tail from which tufts of matted hair hung down. + +Shall I loose them or not? Nicholas asked himself as the wolf +approached him coming from the copse. Suddenly the wolfs whole +physiognomy changed she shuddered, seeing what she had probably never +seen beforehuman eyes fixed upon herand turning her head a little +toward Rostv, she paused. + +Back or forward? Eh, no matter, forward... the wolf seemed to say +to herself, and she moved forward without again looking round and with a +quiet, long, easy yet resolute lope. + +Ulyulyu! cried Nicholas, in a voice not his own, and of its own +accord his good horse darted headlong downhill, leaping over gullies +to head off the wolf, and the borzois passed it, running faster still. +Nicholas did not hear his own cry nor feel that he was galloping, nor +see the borzois, nor the ground over which he went he saw only the +wolf, who, increasing her speed, bounded on in the same direction along +the hollow. The first to come into view was Mlka, with her black +markings and powerful quarters, gaining upon the wolf. Nearer and +nearer... now she was ahead of it but the wolf turned its head to face +her, and instead of putting on speed as she usually did Mlka suddenly +raised her tail and stiffened her forelegs. + +Ulyulyulyulyu! shouted Nicholas. + +The reddish Lyubm rushed forward from behind Mlka, sprang +impetuously at the wolf, and seized it by its hindquarters, but +immediately jumped aside in terror. The wolf crouched, gnashed her +teeth, and again rose and bounded forward, followed at the distance of a +couple of feet by all the borzois, who did not get any closer to her. + +Shell get away! No, its impossible! thought Nicholas, still +shouting with a hoarse voice. + +Kary, ulyulyu!... he shouted, looking round for the old borzoi +who was now his only hope. Kary, with all the strength age had left +him, stretched himself to the utmost and, watching the wolf, galloped +heavily aside to intercept it. But the quickness of the wolfs +lope and the borzois slower pace made it plain that Kary had +miscalculated. Nicholas could already see not far in front of him the +wood where the wolf would certainly escape should she reach it. But, +coming toward him, he saw hounds and a huntsman galloping almost +straight at the wolf. There was still hope. A long, yellowish +young borzoi, one Nicholas did not know, from another leash, rushed +impetuously at the wolf from in front and almost knocked her over. But +the wolf jumped up more quickly than anyone could have expected and, +gnashing her teeth, flew at the yellowish borzoi, which, with a piercing +yelp, fell with its head on the ground, bleeding from a gash in its +side. + +Kary? Old fellow!... wailed Nicholas. + +Thanks to the delay caused by this crossing of the wolfs path, the +old dog with its felted hair hanging from its thigh was within five +paces of it. As if aware of her danger, the wolf turned her eyes on +Kary, tucked her tail yet further between her legs, and increased +her speed. But here Nicholas only saw that something happened to +Karythe borzoi was suddenly on the wolf, and they rolled together +down into a gully just in front of them. + +That instant, when Nicholas saw the wolf struggling in the gully +with the dogs, while from under them could be seen her gray hair and +outstretched hind leg and her frightened choking head, with her ears +laid back (Kary was pinning her by the throat), was the happiest +moment of his life. With his hand on his saddlebow, he was ready to +dismount and stab the wolf, when she suddenly thrust her head up from +among that mass of dogs, and then her forepaws were on the edge of the +gully. She clicked her teeth (Kary no longer had her by the throat), +leaped with a movement of her hind legs out of the gully, and having +disengaged herself from the dogs, with tail tucked in again, went +forward. Kary, his hair bristling, and probably bruised or wounded, +climbed with difficulty out of the gully. + +Oh my God! Why? Nicholas cried in despair. + +Uncles huntsman was galloping from the other side across the +wolfs path and his borzois once more stopped the animals advance. +She was again hemmed in. + +Nicholas and his attendant, with Uncle and his huntsman, were all +riding round the wolf, crying ulyulyu! shouting and preparing to +dismount each moment that the wolf crouched back, and starting forward +again every time she shook herself and moved toward the wood where she +would be safe. + +Already, at the beginning of this chase, Daniel, hearing the ulyulyuing, +had rushed out from the wood. He saw Kary seize the wolf, and checked +his horse, supposing the affair to be over. But when he saw that the +horsemen did not dismount and that the wolf shook herself and ran for +safety, Daniel set his chestnut galloping, not at the wolf but straight +toward the wood, just as Kary had run to cut the animal off. As +a result of this, he galloped up to the wolf just when she had been +stopped a second time by Uncles borzois. + +Daniel galloped up silently, holding a naked dagger in his left hand and +thrashing the laboring sides of his chestnut horse with his whip as if +it were a flail. + +Nicholas neither saw nor heard Daniel until the chestnut, breathing +heavily, panted past him, and he heard the fall of a body and saw Daniel +lying on the wolfs back among the dogs, trying to seize her by the +ears. It was evident to the dogs, the hunters, and to the wolf herself +that all was now over. The terrified wolf pressed back her ears and +tried to rise, but the borzois stuck to her. Daniel rose a little, took +a step, and with his whole weight, as if lying down to rest, fell on +the wolf, seizing her by the ears. Nicholas was about to stab her, but +Daniel whispered, Dont! Well gag her! and, changing his +position, set his foot on the wolfs neck. A stick was thrust between +her jaws and she was fastened with a leash, as if bridled, her legs were +bound together, and Daniel rolled her over once or twice from side to +side. + +With happy, exhausted faces, they laid the old wolf, alive, on a shying +and snorting horse and, accompanied by the dogs yelping at her, took her +to the place where they were all to meet. The hounds had killed two of +the cubs and the borzois three. The huntsmen assembled with their booty +and their stories, and all came to look at the wolf, which, with her +broad-browed head hanging down and the bitten stick between her jaws, +gazed with great glassy eyes at this crowd of dogs and men surrounding +her. When she was touched, she jerked her bound legs and looked wildly +yet simply at everybody. Old Count Rostv also rode up and touched the +wolf. + +Oh, what a formidable one! said he. A formidable one, eh? he +asked Daniel, who was standing near. + +Yes, your excellency, answered Daniel, quickly doffing his cap. + +The count remembered the wolf he had let slip and his encounter with +Daniel. + +Ah, but you are a crusty fellow, friend! said the count. + +For sole reply Daniel gave him a shy, childlike, meek, and amiable +smile. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +The old count went home, and Natsha and Ptya promised to return very +soon, but as it was still early the hunt went farther. At midday +they put the hounds into a ravine thickly overgrown with young trees. +Nicholas standing in a fallow field could see all his whips. + +Facing him lay a field of winter rye, there his own huntsman stood alone +in a hollow behind a hazel bush. The hounds had scarcely been loosed +before Nicholas heard one he knew, Voltrn, giving tongue at intervals +other hounds joined in, now pausing and now again giving tongue. A +moment later he heard a cry from the wooded ravine that a fox had been +found, and the whole pack, joining together, rushed along the ravine +toward the ryefield and away from Nicholas. + +He saw the whips in their red caps galloping along the edge of the +ravine, he even saw the hounds, and was expecting a fox to show itself +at any moment on the ryefield opposite. + +The huntsman standing in the hollow moved and loosed his borzois, and +Nicholas saw a queer, short-legged red fox with a fine brush going hard +across the field. The borzois bore down on it.... Now they drew close +to the fox which began to dodge between the field in sharper and sharper +curves, trailing its brush, when suddenly a strange white borzoi dashed +in followed by a black one, and everything was in confusion the borzois +formed a star-shaped figure, scarcely swaying their bodies and with +tails turned away from the center of the group. Two huntsmen galloped up +to the dogs one in a red cap, the other, a stranger, in a green coat. + +Whats this? thought Nicholas. Wheres that huntsman from? +He is not Uncles man. + +The huntsmen got the fox, but stayed there a long time without strapping +it to the saddle. Their horses, bridled and with high saddles, stood +near them and there too the dogs were lying. The huntsmen waved their +arms and did something to the fox. Then from that spot came the sound of +a horn, with the signal agreed on in case of a fight. + +Thats Ilgins huntsman having a row with our Ivn, said +Nicholas groom. + +Nicholas sent the man to call Natsha and Ptya to him, and rode at a +footpace to the place where the whips were getting the hounds together. +Several of the field galloped to the spot where the fight was going on. + +Nicholas dismounted, and with Natsha and Ptya, who had ridden up, +stopped near the hounds, waiting to see how the matter would end. Out of +the bushes came the huntsman who had been fighting and rode toward +his young master, with the fox tied to his crupper. While still at a +distance he took off his cap and tried to speak respectfully, but he was +pale and breathless and his face was angry. One of his eyes was black, +but he probably was not even aware of it. + +What has happened? asked Nicholas. + +A likely thing, killing a fox our dogs had hunted! And it was my gray +bitch that caught it! Go to law, indeed!... He snatches at the fox! I +gave him one with the fox. Here it is on my saddle! Do you want a taste +of this?... said the huntsman, pointing to his dagger and probably +imagining himself still speaking to his foe. + +Nicholas, not stopping to talk to the man, asked his sister and Ptya +to wait for him and rode to the spot where the enemys, Ilgins, +hunting party was. + +The victorious huntsman rode off to join the field, and there, +surrounded by inquiring sympathizers, recounted his exploits. + +The facts were that Ilgin, with whom the Rostvs had a quarrel and +were at law, hunted over places that belonged by custom to the Rostvs, +and had now, as if purposely, sent his men to the very woods the +Rostvs were hunting and let his man snatch a fox their dogs had +chased. + +Nicholas, though he had never seen Ilgin, with his usual absence +of moderation in judgment, hated him cordially from reports of his +arbitrariness and violence, and regarded him as his bitterest foe. He +rode in angry agitation toward him, firmly grasping his whip and fully +prepared to take the most resolute and desperate steps to punish his +enemy. + +Hardly had he passed an angle of the wood before a stout gentleman in +a beaver cap came riding toward him on a handsome raven-black horse, +accompanied by two hunt servants. + +Instead of an enemy, Nicholas found in Ilgin a stately and courteous +gentleman who was particularly anxious to make the young counts +acquaintance. Having ridden up to Nicholas, Ilgin raised his beaver +cap and said he much regretted what had occurred and would have the +man punished who had allowed himself to seize a fox hunted by someone +elses borzois. He hoped to become better acquainted with the count +and invited him to draw his covert. + +Natsha, afraid that her brother would do something dreadful, had +followed him in some excitement. Seeing the enemies exchanging friendly +greetings, she rode up to them. Ilgin lifted his beaver cap still +higher to Natsha and said, with a pleasant smile, that the young +countess resembled Diana in her passion for the chase as well as in her +beauty, of which he had heard much. + +To expiate his huntsmans offense, Ilgin pressed the Rostvs to +come to an upland of his about a mile away which he usually kept for +himself and which, he said, swarmed with hares. Nicholas agreed, and the +hunt, now doubled, moved on. + +The way to Iligins upland was across the fields. The hunt servants +fell into line. The masters rode together. Uncle, Rostv, and +Ilgin kept stealthily glancing at one anothers dogs, trying not +to be observed by their companions and searching uneasily for rivals to +their own borzois. + +Rostv was particularly struck by the beauty of a small, pure-bred, +red-spotted bitch on Ilgins leash, slender but with muscles like +steel, a delicate muzzle, and prominent black eyes. He had heard of +the swiftness of Ilgins borzois, and in that beautiful bitch saw a +rival to his own Mlka. + +In the middle of a sober conversation begun by Ilgin about the +years harvest, Nicholas pointed to the red-spotted bitch. + +A fine little bitch, that! said he in a careless tone. Is she +swift? + +That one? Yes, shes a good dog, gets what shes after, +answered Ilgin indifferently, of the red-spotted bitch Erz, for +which, a year before, he had given a neighbor three families of house +serfs. So in your parts, too, the harvest is nothing to boast of, +Count? he went on, continuing the conversation they had begun. And +considering it polite to return the young counts compliment, Ilgin +looked at his borzois and picked out Mlka who attracted his attention +by her breadth. That black-spotted one of yours is finewell +shaped! said he. + +Yes, shes fast enough, replied Nicholas, and thought If +only a full-grown hare would cross the field now Id show you what +sort of borzoi she is, and turning to his groom, he said he would +give a ruble to anyone who found a hare. + +I dont understand, continued Ilgin, how some sportsmen can +be so jealous about game and dogs. For myself, I can tell you, Count, +I enjoy riding in company such as this... what could be better? (he +again raised his cap to Natsha) but as for counting skins and what +one takes, I dont care about that. + +Of course not! + +Or being upset because someone elses borzoi and not mine catches +something. All I care about is to enjoy seeing the chase, is it not so, +Count? For I consider that... + +A-tu! came the long-drawn cry of one of the borzoi whippers-in, +who had halted. He stood on a knoll in the stubble, holding his whip +aloft, and again repeated his long-drawn cry, A-tu! (This call and +the uplifted whip meant that he saw a sitting hare.) + +Ah, he has found one, I think, said Ilgin carelessly. Yes, we +must ride up.... Shall we both course it? answered Nicholas, seeing +in Erz and Uncles red Rugy two rivals he had never yet had +a chance of pitting against his own borzois. And suppose they outdo +my Mlka at once! he thought as he rode with Uncle and Ilgin +toward the hare. + +A full-grown one? asked Ilgin as he approached the whip who +had sighted the hareand not without agitation he looked round and +whistled to Erz. + +And you, Michael Nikanrovich? he said, addressing Uncle. + +The latter was riding with a sullen expression on his face. + +How can I join in? Why, youve given a village for each of your +borzois! Thats it, come on! Yours are worth thousands. Try yours +against one another, you two, and Ill look on! + +Rugy, hey, hey! he shouted. Rugyushka! he added, +involuntarily by this diminutive expressing his affection and the hopes +he placed on this red borzoi. Natsha saw and felt the agitation the +two elderly men and her brother were trying to conceal, and was herself +excited by it. + +The huntsman stood halfway up the knoll holding up his whip and the +gentlefolk rode up to him at a footpace the hounds that were far off +on the horizon turned away from the hare, and the whips, but not the +gentlefolk, also moved away. All were moving slowly and sedately. + +How is it pointing? asked Nicholas, riding a hundred paces toward +the whip who had sighted the hare. + +But before the whip could reply, the hare, scenting the frost coming +next morning, was unable to rest and leaped up. The pack on leash rushed +downhill in full cry after the hare, and from all sides the borzois that +were not on leash darted after the hounds and the hare. All the hunt, +who had been moving slowly, shouted, Stop! calling in the hounds, +while the borzoi whips, with a cry of A-tu! galloped across the +field setting the borzois on the hare. The tranquil Ilgin, Nicholas, +Natsha, and Uncle flew, reckless of where and how they went, +seeing only the borzois and the hare and fearing only to lose sight even +for an instant of the chase. The hare they had started was a strong and +swift one. When he jumped up he did not run at once, but pricked his +ears listening to the shouting and trampling that resounded from all +sides at once. He took a dozen bounds, not very quickly, letting the +borzois gain on him, and, finally having chosen his direction and +realized his danger, laid back his ears and rushed off headlong. He had +been lying in the stubble, but in front of him was the autumn sowing +where the ground was soft. The two borzois of the huntsman who had +sighted him, having been the nearest, were the first to see and pursue +him, but they had not gone far before Ilgins red-spotted Erz +passed them, got within a length, flew at the hare with terrible +swiftness aiming at his scut, and, thinking she had seized him, rolled +over like a ball. The hare arched his back and bounded off yet more +swiftly. From behind Erz rushed the broad-haunched, black-spotted +Mlka and began rapidly gaining on the hare. + +Milshka, dear! rose Nicholas triumphant cry. It looked as if +Mlka would immediately pounce on the hare, but she overtook him and +flew past. The hare had squatted. Again the beautiful Erz reached him, +but when close to the hares scut paused as if measuring the distance, +so as not to make a mistake this time but seize his hind leg. + +Erz, darling! Ilgin wailed in a voice unlike his own. Erz +did not hearken to his appeal. At the very moment when she would have +seized her prey, the hare moved and darted along the balk between the +winter rye and the stubble. Again Erz and Mlka were abreast, running +like a pair of carriage horses, and began to overtake the hare, but +it was easier for the hare to run on the balk and the borzois did not +overtake him so quickly. + +Rugy, Rugyushka! Thats it, come on! came a third voice just +then, and Uncles red borzoi, straining and curving its back, +caught up with the two foremost borzois, pushed ahead of them regardless +of the terrible strain, put on speed close to the hare, knocked it off +the balk onto the ryefield, again put on speed still more viciously, +sinking to his knees in the muddy field, and all one could see was +how, muddying his back, he rolled over with the hare. A ring of borzois +surrounded him. A moment later everyone had drawn up round the crowd +of dogs. Only the delighted Uncle dismounted, and cut off a pad, +shaking the hare for the blood to drip off, and anxiously glancing round +with restless eyes while his arms and legs twitched. He spoke without +himself knowing whom to or what about. Thats it, come on! Thats +a dog!... There, it has beaten them all, the thousand-ruble as well as +the one-ruble borzois. Thats it, come on! said he, panting and +looking wrathfully around as if he were abusing someone, as if they +were all his enemies and had insulted him, and only now had he at +last succeeded in justifying himself. There are your thousand-ruble +ones.... Thats it, come on!... + +Rugy, heres a pad for you! he said, throwing down the +hares muddy pad. Youve deserved it, thats it, come on! + +Shed tired herself out, shed run it down three times by +herself, said Nicholas, also not listening to anyone and regardless +of whether he were heard or not. + +But what is there in running across it like that? said Ilgins +groom. + +Once she had missed it and turned it away, any mongrel could take +it, Ilgin was saying at the same time, breathless from his gallop +and his excitement. At the same moment Natsha, without drawing +breath, screamed joyously, ecstatically, and so piercingly that it set +everyones ear tingling. By that shriek she expressed what the others +expressed by all talking at once, and it was so strange that she must +herself have been ashamed of so wild a cry and everyone else would have +been amazed at it at any other time. Uncle himself twisted up the +hare, threw it neatly and smartly across his horses back as if by +that gesture he meant to rebuke everybody, and, with an air of not +wishing to speak to anyone, mounted his bay and rode off. The others all +followed, dispirited and shamefaced, and only much later were they able +to regain their former affectation of indifference. For a long time they +continued to look at red Rugy who, his arched back spattered with +mud and clanking the ring of his leash, walked along just behind +Uncles horse with the serene air of a conqueror. + +Well, I am like any other dog as long as its not a question of +coursing. But when it is, then look out! his appearance seemed to +Nicholas to be saying. + +When, much later, Uncle rode up to Nicholas and began talking +to him, he felt flattered that, after what had happened, Uncle +deigned to speak to him. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Toward evening Ilgin took leave of Nicholas, who found that they were +so far from home that he accepted Uncles offer that the hunting +party should spend the night in his little village of Mikhylovna. + +And if you put up at my house that will be better still. Thats it, +come on! said Uncle. You see its damp weather, and you +could rest, and the little countess could be driven home in a trap. + +Uncles offer was accepted. A huntsman was sent to Otrdnoe for +a trap, while Nicholas rode with Natsha and Ptya to Uncles +house. + +Some five male domestic serfs, big and little, rushed out to the front +porch to meet their master. A score of women serfs, old and young, as +well as children, popped out from the back entrance to have a look at +the hunters who were arriving. The presence of Natshaa woman, a +lady, and on horsebackraised the curiosity of the serfs to such a +degree that many of them came up to her, stared her in the face, and +unabashed by her presence made remarks about her as though she were some +prodigy on show and not a human being able to hear or understand what +was said about her. + +Arnka! Look, she sits sideways! There she sits and her skirt +dangles.... See, shes got a little hunting horn! + +Goodness gracious! See her knife?... + +Isnt she a Tartar! + +How is it you didnt go head over heels? asked the boldest of +all, addressing Natsha directly. + +Uncle dismounted at the porch of his little wooden house which +stood in the midst of an overgrown garden and, after a glance at his +retainers, shouted authoritatively that the superfluous ones should take +themselves off and that all necessary preparations should be made to +receive the guests and the visitors. + +The serfs all dispersed. Uncle lifted Natsha off her horse and +taking her hand led her up the rickety wooden steps of the porch. The +house, with its bare, unplastered log walls, was not overcleanit +did not seem that those living in it aimed at keeping it spotlessbut +neither was it noticeably neglected. In the entry there was a smell of +fresh apples, and wolf and fox skins hung about. + +Uncle led the visitors through the anteroom into a small hall with +a folding table and red chairs, then into the drawing room with a round +birchwood table and a sofa, and finally into his private room where +there was a tattered sofa, a worn carpet, and portraits of Suvrov, of +the hosts father and mother, and of himself in military uniform. The +study smelt strongly of tobacco and dogs. Uncle asked his visitors +to sit down and make themselves at home, and then went out of the room. +Rugy, his back still muddy, came into the room and lay down on the +sofa, cleaning himself with his tongue and teeth. Leading from the study +was a passage in which a partition with ragged curtains could be +seen. From behind this came womens laughter and whispers. Natsha, +Nicholas, and Ptya took off their wraps and sat down on the sofa. +Ptya, leaning on his elbow, fell asleep at once. Natsha and Nicholas +were silent. Their faces glowed, they were hungry and very cheerful. +They looked at one another (now that the hunt was over and they were in +the house, Nicholas no longer considered it necessary to show his manly +superiority over his sister), Natsha gave him a wink, and neither +refrained long from bursting into a peal of ringing laughter even before +they had a pretext ready to account for it. + +After a while Uncle came in, in a Cossack coat, blue trousers, and +small top boots. And Natsha felt that this costume, the very one she +had regarded with surprise and amusement at Otrdnoe, was just the +right thing and not at all worse than a swallow-tail or frock coat. +Uncle too was in high spirits and far from being offended by the +brothers and sisters laughter (it could never enter his head that +they might be laughing at his way of life) he himself joined in the +merriment. + +Thats right, young countess, thats it, come on! I never saw +anyone like her! said he, offering Nicholas a pipe with a long stem +and, with a practiced motion of three fingers, taking down another that +had been cut short. Shes ridden all day like a man, and is as +fresh as ever! + +Soon after Uncles reappearance the door was opened, evidently +from the sound by a barefooted girl, and a stout, rosy, good-looking +woman of about forty, with a double chin and full red lips, entered +carrying a large loaded tray. With hospitable dignity and cordiality in +her glance and in every motion, she looked at the visitors and, with +a pleasant smile, bowed respectfully. In spite of her exceptional +stoutness, which caused her to protrude her chest and stomach and throw +back her head, this woman (who was Uncles housekeeper) trod +very lightly. She went to the table, set down the tray, and with her +plump white hands deftly took from it the bottles and various hors +doeuvres and dishes and arranged them on the table. When she had +finished, she stepped aside and stopped at the door with a smile on her +face. Here I am. I am she! Now do you understand Uncle? her +expression said to Rostv. How could one help understanding? Not only +Nicholas, but even Natsha understood the meaning of his puckered brow +and the happy complacent smile that slightly puckered his lips when +Ansya Fdorovna entered. On the tray was a bottle of herb wine, +different kinds of vodka, pickled mushrooms, rye cakes made with +buttermilk, honey in the comb, still mead and sparkling mead, apples, +nuts (raw and roasted), and nut-and-honey sweets. Afterwards she brought +a freshly roasted chicken, ham, preserves made with honey, and preserves +made with sugar. + +All this was the fruit of Ansya Fdorovnas housekeeping, gathered +and prepared by her. The smell and taste of it all had a smack +of Ansya Fdorovna herself a savor of juiciness, cleanliness, +whiteness, and pleasant smiles. + +Take this, little Lady-Countess! she kept saying, as she offered +Natsha first one thing and then another. + +Natsha ate of everything and thought she had never seen or eaten such +buttermilk cakes, such aromatic jam, such honey-and-nut sweets, or such +a chicken anywhere. Ansya Fdorovna left the room. + +After supper, over their cherry brandy, Rostv and Uncle talked +of past and future hunts, of Rugy and Ilgins dogs, while Natsha +sat upright on the sofa and listened with sparkling eyes. She tried +several times to wake Ptya that he might eat something, but he +only muttered incoherent words without waking up. Natsha felt so +lighthearted and happy in these novel surroundings that she only feared +the trap would come for her too soon. After a casual pause, such as +often occurs when receiving friends for the first time in ones own +house, Uncle, answering a thought that was in his visitors +minds, said + +This, you see, is how I am finishing my days... Death will come. +Thats it, come on! Nothing will remain. Then why harm anyone? + +Uncles face was very significant and even handsome as he said +this. Involuntarily Rostv recalled all the good he had heard about +him from his father and the neighbors. Throughout the whole province +Uncle had the reputation of being the most honorable and +disinterested of cranks. They called him in to decide family disputes, +chose him as executor, confided secrets to him, elected him to be a +justice and to other posts but he always persistently refused public +appointments, passing the autumn and spring in the fields on his bay +gelding, sitting at home in winter, and lying in his overgrown garden in +summer. + +Why dont you enter the service, Uncle? + +I did once, but gave it up. I am not fit for it. Thats it, come +on! I cant make head or tail of it. Thats for youI havent +brains enough. Now, hunting is another matterthats it, come on! +Open the door, there! he shouted. Why have you shut it? + +The door at the end of the passage led to the huntsmens room, as they +called the room for the hunt servants. + +There was a rapid patter of bare feet, and an unseen hand opened the +door into the huntsmens room, from which came the clear sounds of a +balalyka on which someone, who was evidently a master of the art, was +playing. Natsha had been listening to those strains for some time and +now went out into the passage to hear better. + +Thats Mtka, my coachman.... I have got him a good balalyka. +Im fond of it, said Uncle. + +It was the custom for Mtka to play the balalyka in the huntsmens +room when Uncle returned from the chase. Uncle was fond of +such music. + +How good! Really very good! said Nicholas with some unintentional +superciliousness, as if ashamed to confess that the sounds pleased him +very much. + +Very good? said Natsha reproachfully, noticing her brothers +tone. Not very good its simply delicious! + +Just as Uncles pickled mushrooms, honey, and cherry brandy had +seemed to her the best in the world, so also that song, at that moment, +seemed to her the acme of musical delight. + +More, please, more! cried Natsha at the door as soon as the +balalyka ceased. Mtka tuned up afresh, and recommenced thrumming +the balalyka to the air of My Lady, with trills and variations. +Uncle sat listening, slightly smiling, with his head on one side. +The air was repeated a hundred times. The balalyka was retuned several +times and the same notes were thrummed again, but the listeners did +not grow weary of it and wished to hear it again and again. Ansya +Fdorovna came in and leaned her portly person against the doorpost. + +You like listening? she said to Natsha, with a smile extremely +like Uncles. Thats a good player of ours, she added. + +He doesnt play that part right! said Uncle suddenly, with +an energetic gesture. Here he ought to burst outthats it, come +on!ought to burst out. + +Do you play then? asked Natsha. + +Uncle did not answer, but smiled. + +Ansya, go and see if the strings of my guitar are all right. I +havent touched it for a long time. Thats itcome on! Ive +given it up. + +Ansya Fdorovna, with her light step, willingly went to fulfill her +errand and brought back the guitar. + +Without looking at anyone, Uncle blew the dust off it and, tapping +the case with his bony fingers, tuned the guitar and settled himself in +his armchair. He took the guitar a little above the fingerboard, arching +his left elbow with a somewhat theatrical gesture, and, with a wink at +Ansya Fdorovna, struck a single chord, pure and sonorous, and then +quietly, smoothly, and confidently began playing in very slow time, not +My Lady, but the well-known song Came a maiden down the street. The +tune, played with precision and in exact time, began to thrill in the +hearts of Nicholas and Natsha, arousing in them the same kind of +sober mirth as radiated from Ansya Fdorovnas whole being. Ansya +Fdorovna flushed, and drawing her kerchief over her face went laughing +out of the room. Uncle continued to play correctly, carefully, +with energetic firmness, looking with a changed and inspired expression +at the spot where Ansya Fdorovna had just stood. Something seemed to +be laughing a little on one side of his face under his gray mustaches, +especially as the song grew brisker and the time quicker and when, here +and there, as he ran his fingers over the strings, something seemed to +snap. + +Lovely, lovely! Go on, Uncle, go on! shouted Natsha as soon as +he had finished. She jumped up and hugged and kissed him. Nicholas, +Nicholas! she said, turning to her brother, as if asking him What +is it moves me so? + +Nicholas too was greatly pleased by Uncles playing, and +Uncle played the piece over again. Ansya Fdorovnas smiling +face reappeared in the doorway and behind hers other faces... + + Fetching water clear and sweet, + Stop, dear maiden, I entreat + +played Uncle once more, running his fingers skillfully over the +strings, and then he stopped short and jerked his shoulders. + +Go on, Uncle dear, Natsha wailed in an imploring tone as if her +life depended on it. + +Uncle rose, and it was as if there were two men in him one of +them smiled seriously at the merry fellow, while the merry fellow struck +a nave and precise attitude preparatory to a folk dance. + +Now then, niece! he exclaimed, waving to Natsha the hand that +had just struck a chord. + +Natsha threw off the shawl from her shoulders, ran forward to face +Uncle, and setting her arms akimbo also made a motion with her +shoulders and struck an attitude. + +Where, how, and when had this young countess, educated by an migre +French governess, imbibed from the Russian air she breathed that spirit +and obtained that manner which the pas de chle * would, one would have +supposed, long ago have effaced? But the spirit and the movements were +those inimitable and unteachable Russian ones that Uncle had +expected of her. As soon as she had struck her pose, and smiled +triumphantly, proudly, and with sly merriment, the fear that had at +first seized Nicholas and the others that she might not do the right +thing was at an end, and they were already admiring her. + + * The French shawl dance. + +She did the right thing with such precision, such complete precision, +that Ansya Fdorovna, who had at once handed her the handkerchief she +needed for the dance, had tears in her eyes, though she laughed as she +watched this slim, graceful countess, reared in silks and velvets and so +different from herself, who yet was able to understand all that was +in Ansya and in Ansyas father and mother and aunt, and in every +Russian man and woman. + +Well, little countess thats itcome on! cried Uncle, +with a joyous laugh, having finished the dance. Well done, niece! Now +a fine young fellow must be found as husband for you. Thats itcome +on! + +Hes chosen already, said Nicholas smiling. + +Oh? said Uncle in surprise, looking inquiringly at Natsha, +who nodded her head with a happy smile. + +And such a one! she said. But as soon as she had said it a new +train of thoughts and feelings arose in her. What did Nicholas +smile mean when he said chosen already? Is he glad of it or not? +It is as if he thought my Bolknski would not approve of or understand +our gaiety. But he would understand it all. Where is he now? she +thought, and her face suddenly became serious. But this lasted only a +second. Dont dare to think about it, she said to herself, +and sat down again smilingly beside Uncle, begging him to play +something more. + +Uncle played another song and a valse then after a pause he +cleared his throat and sang his favorite hunting song + + As twas growing dark last night + Fell the snow so soft and light... + +Uncle sang as peasants sing, with full and nave conviction that +the whole meaning of a song lies in the words and that the tune comes +of itself, and that apart from the words there is no tune, which exists +only to give measure to the words. As a result of this the unconsidered +tune, like the song of a bird, was extraordinarily good. Natsha was in +ecstasies over Uncles singing. She resolved to give up learning +the harp and to play only the guitar. She asked Uncle for his +guitar and at once found the chords of the song. + +After nine oclock two traps and three mounted men, who had been sent +to look for them, arrived to fetch Natsha and Ptya. The count and +countess did not know where they were and were very anxious, said one of +the men. + +Ptya was carried out like a log and laid in the larger of the two +traps. Natsha and Nicholas got into the other. Uncle wrapped +Natsha up warmly and took leave of her with quite a new tenderness. He +accompanied them on foot as far as the bridge that could not be crossed, +so that they had to go round by the ford, and he sent huntsmen to ride +in front with lanterns. + +Good-by, dear niece, his voice called out of the darknessnot +the voice Natsha had known previously, but the one that had sung As +twas growing dark last night. + +In the village through which they passed there were red lights and a +cheerful smell of smoke. + +What a darling Uncle is! said Natsha, when they had come out +onto the highroad. + +Yes, returned Nicholas. Youre not cold? + +No. Im quite, quite all right. I feel so comfortable! answered +Natsha, almost perplexed by her feelings. They remained silent a long +while. The night was dark and damp. They could not see the horses, but +only heard them splashing through the unseen mud. + +What was passing in that receptive childlike soul that so eagerly caught +and assimilated all the diverse impressions of life? How did they all +find place in her? But she was very happy. As they were nearing home she +suddenly struck up the air of As twas growing dark last nightthe +tune of which she had all the way been trying to get and had at last +caught. + +Got it? said Nicholas. + +What were you thinking about just now, Nicholas? inquired +Natsha. + +They were fond of asking one another that question. + +I? said Nicholas, trying to remember. Well, you see, first I +thought that Rugy, the red hound, was like Uncle, and that if he were +a man he would always keep Uncle near him, if not for his riding, then +for his manner. What a good fellow Uncle is! Dont you think so?... +Well, and you? + +I? Wait a bit, wait.... Yes, first I thought that we are driving +along and imagining that we are going home, but that heaven knows +where we are really going in the darkness, and that we shall arrive and +suddenly find that we are not in Otrdnoe, but in Fairyland. And then I +thought... No, nothing else. + +I know, I expect you thought of him, said Nicholas, smiling as +Natsha knew by the sound of his voice. + +No, said Natsha, though she had in reality been thinking about +Prince Andrew at the same time as of the rest, and of how he would +have liked Uncle. And then I was saying to myself all the way, +How well Ansya carried herself, how well! And Nicholas heard +her spontaneous, happy, ringing laughter. And do you know, she +suddenly said, I know that I shall never again be as happy and +tranquil as I am now. + +Rubbish, nonsense, humbug! exclaimed Nicholas, and he thought +How charming this Natsha of mine is! I have no other friend like +her and never shall have. Why should she marry? We might always drive +about together! + +What a darling this Nicholas of mine is! thought Natsha. + +Ah, there are still lights in the drawing room! she said, pointing +to the windows of the house that gleamed invitingly in the moist velvety +darkness of the night. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Count Ily Rostv had resigned the position of Marshal of the Nobility +because it involved him in too much expense, but still his affairs +did not improve. Natsha and Nicholas often noticed their parents +conferring together anxiously and privately and heard suggestions of +selling the fine ancestral Rostv house and estate near Moscow. It was +not necessary to entertain so freely as when the count had been Marshal, +and life at Otrdnoe was quieter than in former years, but still the +enormous house and its lodges were full of people and more than twenty +sat down to table every day. These were all their own people who had +settled down in the house almost as members of the family, or persons +who were, it seemed, obliged to live in the counts house. Such were +Dimmler the musician and his wife, Vogel the dancing master and his +family, Belva, an old maiden lady, an inmate of the house, and many +others such as Ptyas tutors, the girls former governess, and +other people who simply found it preferable and more advantageous to +live in the counts house than at home. They had not as many visitors +as before, but the old habits of life without which the count and +countess could not conceive of existence remained unchanged. There was +still the hunting establishment which Nicholas had even enlarged, the +same fifty horses and fifteen grooms in the stables, the same expensive +presents and dinner parties to the whole district on name days there +were still the counts games of whist and boston, at whichspreading +out his cards so that everybody could see themhe let himself be +plundered of hundreds of rubles every day by his neighbors, who looked +upon an opportunity to play a rubber with Count Rostv as a most +profitable source of income. + +The count moved in his affairs as in a huge net, trying not to believe +that he was entangled but becoming more and more so at every step, and +feeling too feeble to break the meshes or to set to work carefully and +patiently to disentangle them. The countess, with her loving heart, felt +that her children were being ruined, that it was not the counts fault +for he could not help being what he wasthat (though he tried to +hide it) he himself suffered from the consciousness of his own and +his childrens ruin, and she tried to find means of remedying the +position. From her feminine point of view she could see only one +solution, namely, for Nicholas to marry a rich heiress. She felt this to +be their last hope and that if Nicholas refused the match she had found +for him, she would have to abandon the hope of ever getting matters +right. This match was with Julie Kargina, the daughter of excellent +and virtuous parents, a girl the Rostvs had known from childhood, and +who had now become a wealthy heiress through the death of the last of +her brothers. + +The countess had written direct to Julies mother in Moscow suggesting +a marriage between their children and had received a favorable answer +from her. Kargina had replied that for her part she was agreeable, and +everything depend on her daughters inclination. She invited Nicholas +to come to Moscow. + +Several times the countess, with tears in her eyes, told her son that +now both her daughters were settled, her only wish was to see him +married. She said she could lie down in her grave peacefully if that +were accomplished. Then she told him that she knew of a splendid girl +and tried to discover what he thought about marriage. + +At other times she praised Julie to him and advised him to go to +Moscow during the holidays to amuse himself. Nicholas guessed what his +mothers remarks were leading to and during one of these conversations +induced her to speak quite frankly. She told him that her only hope +of getting their affairs disentangled now lay in his marrying Julie +Kargina. + +But, Mamma, suppose I loved a girl who has no fortune, would +you expect me to sacrifice my feelings and my honor for the sake of +money? he asked his mother, not realizing the cruelty of his question +and only wishing to show his noble-mindedness. + +No, you have not understood me, said his mother, not knowing how +to justify herself. You have not understood me, Niklenka. It is +your happiness I wish for, she added, feeling that she was telling an +untruth and was becoming entangled. She began to cry. + +Mamma, dont cry! Only tell me that you wish it, and you know I +will give my life, anything, to put you at ease, said Nicholas. I +would sacrifice anything for youeven my feelings. + +But the countess did not want the question put like that she did not +want a sacrifice from her son, she herself wished to make a sacrifice +for him. + +No, you have not understood me, dont let us talk about it, she +replied, wiping away her tears. + +Maybe I do love a poor girl, said Nicholas to himself. Am I to +sacrifice my feelings and my honor for money? I wonder how Mamma could +speak so to me. Because Snya is poor I must not love her, he +thought, must not respond to her faithful, devoted love? Yet I should +certainly be happier with her than with some doll-like Julie. I can +always sacrifice my feelings for my familys welfare, he said to +himself, but I cant coerce my feelings. If I love Snya, that +feeling is for me stronger and higher than all else. + +Nicholas did not go to Moscow, and the countess did not renew the +conversation with him about marriage. She saw with sorrow, and sometimes +with exasperation, symptoms of a growing attachment between her son and +the portionless Snya. Though she blamed herself for it, she could +not refrain from grumbling at and worrying Snya, often pulling her up +without reason, addressing her stiffly as my dear, and using the +formal you instead of the intimate thou in speaking to her. +The kindhearted countess was the more vexed with Snya because that +poor, dark-eyed niece of hers was so meek, so kind, so devotedly +grateful to her benefactors, and so faithfully, unchangingly, and +unselfishly in love with Nicholas, that there were no grounds for +finding fault with her. + +Nicholas was spending the last of his leave at home. A fourth letter had +come from Prince Andrew, from Rome, in which he wrote that he would have +been on his way back to Russia long ago had not his wound unexpectedly +reopened in the warm climate, which obliged him to defer his return till +the beginning of the new year. Natsha was still as much in love with +her betrothed, found the same comfort in that love, and was still as +ready to throw herself into all the pleasures of life as before but at +the end of the fourth month of their separation she began to have fits +of depression which she could not master. She felt sorry for herself +sorry that she was being wasted all this time and of no use to +anyonewhile she felt herself so capable of loving and being loved. + +Things were not cheerful in the Rostvs home. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Christmas came and except for the ceremonial Mass, the solemn and +wearisome Christmas congratulations from neighbors and servants, and the +new dresses everyone put on, there were no special festivities, though +the calm frost of twenty degrees Raumur, the dazzling sunshine by day, +and the starlight of the winter nights seemed to call for some special +celebration of the season. + +On the third day of Christmas week, after the midday dinner, all the +inmates of the house dispersed to various rooms. It was the dullest time +of the day. Nicholas, who had been visiting some neighbors that morning, +was asleep on the sitting-room sofa. The old count was resting in his +study. Snya sat in the drawing room at the round table, copying a +design for embroidery. The countess was playing patience. Nastsya +Ivnovna the buffoon sat with a sad face at the window with two old +ladies. Natsha came into the room, went up to Snya, glanced at +what she was doing, and then went up to her mother and stood without +speaking. + +Why are you wandering about like an outcast? asked her mother. +What do you want? + +Him... I want him... now, this minute! I want him! said Natsha, +with glittering eyes and no sign of a smile. + +The countess lifted her head and looked attentively at her daughter. + +Dont look at me, Mamma! Dont look I shall cry directly. + +Sit down with me a little, said the countess. + +Mamma, I want him. Why should I be wasted like this, Mamma? + +Her voice broke, tears gushed from her eyes, and she turned quickly to +hide them and left the room. + +She passed into the sitting room, stood there thinking awhile, and then +went into the maids room. There an old maidservant was grumbling at +a young girl who stood panting, having just run in through the cold from +the serfs quarters. + +Stop playingtheres a time for everything, said the old +woman. + +Let her alone, Kondrtevna, said Natsha. Go, Mavrshka, +go. + +Having released Mavrshka, Natsha crossed the dancing hall and went +to the vestibule. There an old footman and two young ones were playing +cards. They broke off and rose as she entered. + +What can I do with them? thought Natsha. + +Oh, Nikta, please go... where can I send him?... Yes, go to the +yard and fetch a fowl, please, a cock, and you, Misha, bring me some +oats. + +Just a few oats? said Misha, cheerfully and readily. + +Go, go quickly, the old man urged him. + +And you, Theodore, get me a piece of chalk. + +On her way past the butlers pantry she told them to set a samovar, +though it was not at all the time for tea. + +Fka, the butler, was the most ill-tempered person in the house. +Natsha liked to test her power over him. He distrusted the order and +asked whether the samovar was really wanted. + +Oh dear, what a young lady! said Fka, pretending to frown at +Natsha. + +No one in the house sent people about or gave them as much trouble as +Natsha did. She could not see people unconcernedly, but had to send +them on some errand. She seemed to be trying whether any of them would +get angry or sulky with her but the serfs fulfilled no ones orders +so readily as they did hers. What can I do, where can I go? +thought she, as she went slowly along the passage. + +Nastsya Ivnovna, what sort of children shall I have? she asked +the buffoon, who was coming toward her in a womans jacket. + +Why, fleas, crickets, grasshoppers, answered the buffoon. + +O Lord, O Lord, its always the same! Oh, where am I to go? What +am I to do with myself? And tapping with her heels, she ran quickly +upstairs to see Vogel and his wife who lived on the upper story. + +Two governesses were sitting with the Vogels at a table, on which were +plates of raisins, walnuts, and almonds. The governesses were discussing +whether it was cheaper to live in Moscow or Odessa. Natsha sat down, +listened to their talk with a serious and thoughtful air, and then got +up again. + +The island of Madagascar, she said, Ma-da-gas-car, she +repeated, articulating each syllable distinctly, and, not replying to +Madame Schoss who asked her what she was saying, she went out of the +room. + +Her brother Ptya was upstairs too with the man in attendance on him +he was preparing fireworks to let off that night. + +Ptya! Ptya! she called to him. Carry me downstairs. + +Ptya ran up and offered her his back. She jumped on it, putting her +arms round his neck, and he pranced along with her. + +No, dont... the island of Madagascar! she said, and jumping off +his back she went downstairs. + +Having as it were reviewed her kingdom, tested her power, and made +sure that everyone was submissive, but that all the same it was dull, +Natsha betook herself to the ballroom, picked up her guitar, sat down +in a dark corner behind a bookcase, and began to run her fingers over +the strings in the bass, picking out a passage she recalled from an +opera she had heard in Petersburg with Prince Andrew. What she drew from +the guitar would have had no meaning for other listeners, but in her +imagination a whole series of reminiscences arose from those sounds. +She sat behind the bookcase with her eyes fixed on a streak of light +escaping from the pantry door and listened to herself and pondered. She +was in a mood for brooding on the past. + +Snya passed to the pantry with a glass in her hand. Natsha glanced +at her and at the crack in the pantry door, and it seemed to her that +she remembered the light falling through that crack once before and +Snya passing with a glass in her hand. Yes it was exactly the +same, thought Natsha. + +Snya, what is this? she cried, twanging a thick string. + +Oh, you are there! said Snya with a start, and came near and +listened. I dont know. A storm? she ventured timidly, afraid of +being wrong. + +There! Thats just how she started and just how she came up smiling +timidly when all this happened before, thought Natsha, and in +just the same way I thought there was something lacking in her. + +No, its the chorus from The Water-Carrier, listen! and Natsha +sang the air of the chorus so that Snya should catch it. Where were +you going? she asked. + +To change the water in this glass. I am just finishing the design. + +You always find something to do, but I cant, said Natsha. +And wheres Nicholas? + +Asleep, I think. + +Snya, go and wake him, said Natsha. Tell him I want him to +come and sing. + +She sat awhile, wondering what the meaning of it all having happened +before could be, and without solving this problem, or at all regretting +not having done so, she again passed in fancy to the time when she was +with him and he was looking at her with a lovers eyes. + +Oh, if only he would come quicker! I am so afraid it will never be! +And, worst of all, I am growing oldthats the thing! There wont +then be in me what there is now. But perhaps hell come today, will +come immediately. Perhaps he has come and is sitting in the drawing +room. Perhaps he came yesterday and I have forgotten it. She rose, +put down the guitar, and went to the drawing room. + +All the domestic circle, tutors, governesses, and guests, were already +at the tea table. The servants stood round the tablebut Prince Andrew +was not there and life was going on as before. + +Ah, here she is! said the old count, when he saw Natsha enter. +Well, sit down by me. But Natsha stayed by her mother and +glanced round as if looking for something. + +Mamma! she muttered, give him to me, give him, Mamma, quickly, +quickly! and she again had difficulty in repressing her sobs. + +She sat down at the table and listened to the conversation between the +elders and Nicholas, who had also come to the table. My God, my God! +The same faces, the same talk, Papa holding his cup and blowing in the +same way! thought Natsha, feeling with horror a sense of repulsion +rising up in her for the whole household, because they were always the +same. + +After tea, Nicholas, Snya, and Natsha went to the sitting room, to +their favorite corner where their most intimate talks always began. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Does it ever happen to you, said Natsha to her brother, when +they settled down in the sitting room, does it ever happen to you to +feel as if there were nothing more to comenothing that everything +good is past? And to feel not exactly dull, but sad? + +I should think so! he replied. I have felt like that when +everything was all right and everyone was cheerful. The thought has come +into my mind that I was already tired of it all, and that we must all +die. Once in the regiment I had not gone to some merrymaking where there +was music... and suddenly I felt so depressed... + +Oh yes, I know, I know, I know! Natsha interrupted him. When +I was quite little that used to be so with me. Do you remember when +I was punished once about some plums? You were all dancing, and I sat +sobbing in the schoolroom? I shall never forget it I felt sad and sorry +for everyone, for myself, and for everyone. And I was innocentthat +was the chief thing, said Natsha. Do you remember? + +I remember, answered Nicholas. I remember that I came to you +afterwards and wanted to comfort you, but do you know, I felt ashamed +to. We were terribly absurd. I had a funny doll then and wanted to give +it to you. Do you remember? + +And do you remember, Natsha asked with a pensive smile, how +once, long, long ago, when we were quite little, Uncle called us into +the studythat was in the old houseand it was darkwe went in and +suddenly there stood... + +A Negro, chimed in Nicholas with a smile of delight. Of course +I remember. Even now I dont know whether there really was a Negro, or +if we only dreamed it or were told about him. + +He was gray, you remember, and had white teeth, and stood and looked +at us.... + +Snya, do you remember? asked Nicholas. + +Yes, yes, I do remember something too, Snya answered timidly. + +You know I have asked Papa and Mamma about that Negro, said +Natsha, and they say there was no Negro at all. But you see, you +remember! + +Of course I do, I remember his teeth as if I had just seen them. + +How strange it is! Its as if it were a dream! I like that. + +And do you remember how we rolled hard-boiled eggs in the ballroom, +and suddenly two old women began spinning round on the carpet? Was that +real or not? Do you remember what fun it was? + +Yes, and you remember how Papa in his blue overcoat fired a gun in +the porch? + +So they went through their memories, smiling with pleasure not the sad +memories of old age, but poetic, youthful onesthose impressions of +ones most distant past in which dreams and realities blendand they +laughed with quiet enjoyment. + +Snya, as always, did not quite keep pace with them, though they shared +the same reminiscences. + +Much that they remembered had slipped from her mind, and what she +recalled did not arouse the same poetic feeling as they experienced. She +simply enjoyed their pleasure and tried to fit in with it. + +She only really took part when they recalled Snyas first arrival. +She told them how afraid she had been of Nicholas because he had on a +corded jacket and her nurse had told her that she, too, would be sewn up +with cords. + +And I remember their telling me that you had been born under a +cabbage, said Natsha, and I remember that I dared not disbelieve +it then, but knew that it was not true, and I felt so uncomfortable. + +While they were talking a maid thrust her head in at the other door of +the sitting room. + +They have brought the cock, Miss, she said in a whisper. + +It isnt wanted, Plya. Tell them to take it away, replied +Natsha. + +In the middle of their talk in the sitting room, Dimmler came in and +went up to the harp that stood there in a corner. He took off its cloth +covering, and the harp gave out a jarring sound. + +Mr. Dimmler, please play my favorite nocturne by Field, came the +old countess voice from the drawing room. + +Dimmler struck a chord and, turning to Natsha, Nicholas, and Snya, +remarked How quiet you young people are! + +Yes, were philosophizing, said Natsha, glancing round for a +moment and then continuing the conversation. They were now discussing +dreams. + +Dimmler began to play Natsha went on tiptoe noiselessly to the table, +took up a candle, carried it out, and returned, seating herself quietly +in her former place. It was dark in the room especially where they were +sitting on the sofa, but through the big windows the silvery light of +the full moon fell on the floor. Dimmler had finished the piece but +still sat softly running his fingers over the strings, evidently +uncertain whether to stop or to play something else. + +Do you know, said Natsha in a whisper, moving closer to Nicholas +and Snya, that when one goes on and on recalling memories, one at +last begins to remember what happened before one was in the world.... + +That is metempsychosis, said Snya, who had always learned well, +and remembered everything. The Egyptians believed that our souls have +lived in animals, and will go back into animals again. + +No, I dont believe we ever were in animals, said Natsha, +still in a whisper though the music had ceased. But I am certain that +we were angels somewhere there, and have been here, and that is why we +remember.... + +May I join you? said Dimmler who had come up quietly, and he sat +down by them. + +If we have been angels, why have we fallen lower? said Nicholas. +No, that cant be! + +Not lower, who said we were lower?... How do I know what I +was before? Natsha rejoined with conviction. The soul is +immortalwell then, if I shall always live I must have lived before, +lived for a whole eternity. + +Yes, but it is hard for us to imagine eternity, remarked Dimmler, +who had joined the young folk with a mildly condescending smile but now +spoke as quietly and seriously as they. + +Why is it hard to imagine eternity? said Natsha. It is now +today, and it will be tomorrow, and always and there was yesterday, and +the day before.... + +Natsha! Now its your turn. Sing me something, they heard the +countess say. Why are you sitting there like conspirators? + +Mamma, I dont at all want to, replied Natsha, but all the +same she rose. + +None of them, not even the middle-aged Dimmler, wanted to break off +their conversation and quit that corner in the sitting room, but +Natsha got up and Nicholas sat down at the clavichord. Standing +as usual in the middle of the hall and choosing the place where the +resonance was best, Natsha began to sing her mothers favorite song. + +She had said she did not want to sing, but it was long since she had +sung, and long before she again sang, as she did that evening. The +count, from his study where he was talking to Mtenka, heard her and, +like a schoolboy in a hurry to run out to play, blundered in his talk +while giving orders to the steward, and at last stopped, while Mtenka +stood in front of him also listening and smiling. Nicholas did not take +his eyes off his sister and drew breath in time with her. Snya, as she +listened, thought of the immense difference there was between herself +and her friend, and how impossible it was for her to be anything like as +bewitching as her cousin. The old countess sat with a blissful yet sad +smile and with tears in her eyes, occasionally shaking her head. She +thought of Natsha and of her own youth, and of how there was something +unnatural and dreadful in this impending marriage of Natsha and Prince +Andrew. + +Dimmler, who had seated himself beside the countess, listened with +closed eyes. + +Ah, Countess, he said at last, thats a European talent, she +has nothing to learnwhat softness, tenderness, and strength.... + +Ah, how afraid I am for her, how afraid I am! said the countess, +not realizing to whom she was speaking. Her maternal instinct told her +that Natsha had too much of something, and that because of this +she would not be happy. Before Natsha had finished singing, +fourteen-year-old Ptya rushed in delightedly, to say that some mummers +had arrived. + +Natsha stopped abruptly. + +Idiot! she screamed at her brother and, running to a chair, threw +herself on it, sobbing so violently that she could not stop for a long +time. + +Its nothing, Mamma, really its nothing only Ptya startled +me, she said, trying to smile, but her tears still flowed and sobs +still choked her. + +The mummers (some of the house serfs) dressed up as bears, Turks, +innkeepers, and ladiesfrightening and funnybringing in with +them the cold from outside and a feeling of gaiety, crowded, at first +timidly, into the anteroom, then hiding behind one another they pushed +into the ballroom where, shyly at first and then more and more merrily +and heartily, they started singing, dancing, and playing Christmas +games. The countess, when she had identified them and laughed at their +costumes, went into the drawing room. The count sat in the ballroom, +smiling radiantly and applauding the players. The young people had +disappeared. + +Half an hour later there appeared among the other mummers in the +ballroom an old lady in a hooped skirtthis was Nicholas. A Turkish +girl was Ptya. A clown was Dimmler. An hussar was Natsha, and a +Circassian was Snya with burnt-cork mustache and eyebrows. + +After the condescending surprise, nonrecognition, and praise, from those +who were not themselves dressed up, the young people decided that their +costumes were so good that they ought to be shown elsewhere. + +Nicholas, who, as the roads were in splendid condition, wanted to take +them all for a drive in his troyka, proposed to take with them about a +dozen of the serf mummers and drive to Uncles. + +No, why disturb the old fellow? said the countess. Besides, +you wouldnt have room to turn round there. If you must go, go to the +Melyukvs. + +Melyukva was a widow, who, with her family and their tutors and +governesses, lived three miles from the Rostvs. + +Thats right, my dear, chimed in the old count, thoroughly +aroused. Ill dress up at once and go with them. Ill make +Pashette open her eyes. + +But the countess would not agree to his going he had had a bad leg all +these last days. It was decided that the count must not go, but that if +Louisa Ivnovna (Madame Schoss) would go with them, the young ladies +might go to the Melyukvs, Snya, generally so timid and shy, more +urgently than anyone begging Louisa Ivnovna not to refuse. + +Snyas costume was the best of all. Her mustache and eyebrows were +extraordinarily becoming. Everyone told her she looked very handsome, +and she was in a spirited and energetic mood unusual with her. Some +inner voice told her that now or never her fate would be decided, and +in her male attire she seemed quite a different person. Louisa Ivnovna +consented to go, and in half an hour four troyka sleighs with large and +small bells, their runners squeaking and whistling over the frozen snow, +drove up to the porch. + +Natsha was foremost in setting a merry holiday tone, which, passing +from one to another, grew stronger and reached its climax when they all +came out into the frost and got into the sleighs, talking, calling to +one another, laughing, and shouting. + +Two of the troykas were the usual household sleighs, the third was the +old counts with a trotter from the Orlv stud as shaft horse, +the fourth was Nicholas own with a short shaggy black shaft horse. +Nicholas, in his old ladys dress over which he had belted his hussar +overcoat, stood in the middle of the sleigh, reins in hand. + +It was so light that he could see the moonlight reflected from the metal +harness disks and from the eyes of the horses, who looked round in alarm +at the noisy party under the shadow of the porch roof. + +Natsha, Snya, Madame Schoss, and two maids got into Nicholas +sleigh Dimmler, his wife, and Ptya, into the old counts, and the +rest of the mummers seated themselves in the other two sleighs. + +You go ahead, Zakhr! shouted Nicholas to his fathers +coachman, wishing for a chance to race past him. + +The old counts troyka, with Dimmler and his party, started forward, +squeaking on its runners as though freezing to the snow, its deep-toned +bell clanging. The side horses, pressing against the shafts of the +middle horse, sank in the snow, which was dry and glittered like sugar, +and threw it up. + +Nicholas set off, following the first sleigh behind him the others +moved noisily, their runners squeaking. At first they drove at a steady +trot along the narrow road. While they drove past the garden the shadows +of the bare trees often fell across the road and hid the brilliant +moonlight, but as soon as they were past the fence, the snowy plain +bathed in moonlight and motionless spread out before them glittering +like diamonds and dappled with bluish shadows. Bang, bang! went the +first sleigh over a cradle hole in the snow of the road, and each of +the other sleighs jolted in the same way, and rudely breaking the +frost-bound stillness, the troykas began to speed along the road, one +after the other. + +A hares track, a lot of tracks! rang out Natshas voice +through the frost-bound air. + +How light it is, Nicholas! came Snyas voice. + +Nicholas glanced round at Snya, and bent down to see her face closer. +Quite a new, sweet face with black eyebrows and mustaches peeped up +at him from her sable fursso close and yet so distantin the +moonlight. + +That used to be Snya, thought he, and looked at her closer and +smiled. + +What is it, Nicholas? + +Nothing, said he and turned again to the horses. + +When they came out onto the beaten highroadpolished by sleigh runners +and cut up by rough-shod hoofs, the marks of which were visible in the +moonlightthe horses began to tug at the reins of their own accord and +increased their pace. The near side horse, arching his head and breaking +into a short canter, tugged at his traces. The shaft horse swayed from +side to side, moving his ears as if asking Isnt it time to begin +now? In front, already far ahead the deep bell of the sleigh ringing +farther and farther off, the black horses driven by Zakhr could be +clearly seen against the white snow. From that sleigh one could hear the +shouts, laughter, and voices of the mummers. + +Gee up, my darlings! shouted Nicholas, pulling the reins to one +side and flourishing the whip. + +It was only by the keener wind that met them and the jerks given by the +side horses who pulled harderever increasing their gallopthat +one noticed how fast the troyka was flying. Nicholas looked back. With +screams, squeals, and waving of whips that caused even the shaft horses +to gallopthe other sleighs followed. The shaft horse swung steadily +beneath the bow over its head, with no thought of slackening pace and +ready to put on speed when required. + +Nicholas overtook the first sleigh. They were driving downhill and +coming out upon a broad trodden track across a meadow, near a river. + +Where are we? thought he. Its the Kosy meadow, I suppose. +But nothis is something new Ive never seen before. This isnt +the Kosy meadow nor the Dmkin hill, and heaven only knows what it +is! It is something new and enchanted. Well, whatever it may be... +And shouting to his horses, he began to pass the first sleigh. + +Zakhr held back his horses and turned his face, which was already +covered with hoarfrost to his eyebrows. + +Nicholas gave the horses the rein, and Zakhr, stretching out his arms, +clucked his tongue and let his horses go. + +Now, look out, master! he cried. + +Faster still the two troykas flew side by side, and faster moved +the feet of the galloping side horses. Nicholas began to draw ahead. +Zakhr, while still keeping his arms extended, raised one hand with the +reins. + +No you wont, master! he shouted. + +Nicholas put all his horses to a gallop and passed Zakhr. The horses +showered the fine dry snow on the faces of those in the sleighbeside +them sounded quick ringing bells and they caught confused glimpses of +swiftly moving legs and the shadows of the troyka they were passing. +The whistling sound of the runners on the snow and the voices of girls +shrieking were heard from different sides. + +Again checking his horses, Nicholas looked around him. They were still +surrounded by the magic plain bathed in moonlight and spangled with +stars. + +Zakhr is shouting that I should turn to the left, but why to the +left? thought Nicholas. Are we getting to the Melyukvs? Is +this Melyukvka? Heaven only knows where we are going, and heaven knows +what is happening to usbut it is very strange and pleasant whatever +it is. And he looked round in the sleigh. + +Look, his mustache and eyelashes are all white! said one of the +strange, pretty, unfamiliar peoplethe one with fine eyebrows and +mustache. + +I think this used to be Natsha, thought Nicholas, and that +was Madame Schoss, but perhaps its not, and this Circassian with the +mustache I dont know, but I love her. + +Arent you cold? he asked. + +They did not answer but began to laugh. Dimmler from the sleigh behind +shouted somethingprobably something funnybut they could not make +out what he said. + +Yes, yes! some voices answered, laughing. + +But here was a fairy forest with black moving shadows, and a glitter +of diamonds and a flight of marble steps and the silver roofs of fairy +buildings and the shrill yells of some animals. And if this is really +Melyukvka, it is still stranger that we drove heaven knows where and +have come to Melyukvka, thought Nicholas. + +It really was Melyukvka, and maids and footmen with merry faces came +running, out to the porch carrying candles. + +Who is it? asked someone in the porch. + +The mummers from the counts. I know by the horses, replied some +voices. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Pelagya Danlovna Melyukva, a broadly built, energetic woman +wearing spectacles, sat in the drawing room in a loose dress, surrounded +by her daughters whom she was trying to keep from feeling dull. They +were quietly dropping melted wax into snow and looking at the shadows +the wax figures would throw on the wall, when they heard the steps and +voices of new arrivals in the vestibule. + +Hussars, ladies, witches, clowns, and bears, after clearing their +throats and wiping the hoarfrost from their faces in the vestibule, +came into the ballroom where candles were hurriedly lighted. The +clownDimmlerand the ladyNicholasstarted a dance. Surrounded +by the screaming children the mummers, covering their faces and +disguising their voices, bowed to their hostess and arranged themselves +about the room. + +Dear me! theres no recognizing them! And Natsha! See whom +she looks like! She really reminds me of somebody. But Herr +Dimmlerisnt he good! I didnt know him! And how he dances. Dear +me, theres a Circassian. Really, how becoming it is to dear Snya. +And who is that? Well, you have cheered us up! Nikta and Vanyaclear +away the tables! And we were sitting so quietly. Ha, ha, ha!... The +hussar, the hussar! Just like a boy! And the legs!... I cant look at +him... different voices were saying. + +Natsha, the young Melyukvs favorite, disappeared with them into +the back rooms where a cork and various dressing gowns and male garments +were called for and received from the footman by bare girlish arms from +behind the door. Ten minutes later, all the young Melyukvs joined the +mummers. + +Pelagya Danlovna, having given orders to clear the rooms for the +visitors and arranged about refreshments for the gentry and the serfs, +went about among the mummers without removing her spectacles, peering +into their faces with a suppressed smile and failing to recognize any +of them. It was not merely Dimmler and the Rostvs she failed to +recognize, she did not even recognize her own daughters, or her late +husbands, dressing gowns and uniforms, which they had put on. + +And who is this? she asked her governess, peering into the face of +her own daughter dressed up as a Kazn-Tartar. I suppose it is one +of the Rostvs! Well, Mr. Hussar, and what regiment do you serve in? +she asked Natsha. Here, hand some fruit jelly to the Turk! +she ordered the butler who was handing things round. Thats not +forbidden by his law. + +Sometimes, as she looked at the strange but amusing capers cut by the +dancers, whohaving decided once for all that being disguised, no one +would recognize themwere not at all shy, Pelagya Danlovna hid +her face in her handkerchief, and her whole stout body shook with +irrepressible, kindly, elderly laughter. + +My little Ssha! Look at Ssha! she said. + +After Russian country dances and chorus dances, Pelagya Danlovna +made the serfs and gentry join in one large circle a ring, a string, +and a silver ruble were fetched and they all played games together. + +In an hour, all the costumes were crumpled and disordered. The corked +eyebrows and mustaches were smeared over the perspiring, flushed, +and merry faces. Pelagya Danlovna began to recognize the mummers, +admired their cleverly contrived costumes, and particularly how they +suited the young ladies, and she thanked them all for having entertained +her so well. The visitors were invited to supper in the drawing room, +and the serfs had something served to them in the ballroom. + +Now to tell ones fortune in the empty bathhouse is frightening! +said an old maid who lived with the Melyukvs, during supper. + +Why? said the eldest Melyukv girl. + +You wouldnt go, it takes courage.... + +Ill go, said Snya. + +Tell what happened to the young lady! said the second Melyukv +girl. + +Well, began the old maid, a young lady once went out, took a +cock, laid the table for two, all properly, and sat down. After sitting +a while, she suddenly hears someone coming... a sleigh drives up with +harness bells she hears him coming! He comes in, just in the shape of a +man, like an officercomes in and sits down to table with her. + +Ah! ah! screamed Natsha, rolling her eyes with horror. + +Yes? And how... did he speak? + +Yes, like a man. Everything quite all right, and he began persuading +her and she should have kept him talking till cockcrow, but she got +frightened, just got frightened and hid her face in her hands. Then he +caught her up. It was lucky the maids ran in just then.... + +Now, why frighten them? said Pelagya Danlovna. + +Mamma, you used to try your fate yourself... said her daughter. + +And how does one do it in a barn? inquired Snya. + +Well, say you went to the barn now, and listened. It depends on what +you hear hammering and knockingthats bad but a sound of shifting +grain is good and one sometimes hears that, too. + +Mamma, tell us what happened to you in the barn. + +Pelagya Danlovna smiled. + +Oh, Ive forgotten... she replied. But none of you would +go? + +Yes, I will Pelagya Danlovna, let me! Ill go, said Snya. + +Well, why not, if youre not afraid? + +Louisa Ivnovna, may I? asked Snya. + +Whether they were playing the ring and string game or the ruble game or +talking as now, Nicholas did not leave Snyas side, and gazed at her +with quite new eyes. It seemed to him that it was only today, thanks +to that burnt-cork mustache, that he had fully learned to know her. And +really, that evening, Snya was brighter, more animated, and prettier +than Nicholas had ever seen her before. + +So thats what she is like what a fool I have been! he thought +gazing at her sparkling eyes, and under the mustache a happy rapturous +smile dimpled her cheeks, a smile he had never seen before. + +Im not afraid of anything, said Snya. May I go at once? +She got up. + +They told her where the barn was and how she should stand and listen, +and they handed her a fur cloak. She threw this over her head and +shoulders and glanced at Nicholas. + +What a darling that girl is! thought he. And what have I been +thinking of till now? + +Snya went out into the passage to go to the barn. Nicholas went +hastily to the front porch, saying he felt too hot. The crowd of people +really had made the house stuffy. + +Outside, there was the same cold stillness and the same moon, but even +brighter than before. The light was so strong and the snow sparkled with +so many stars that one did not wish to look up at the sky and the real +stars were unnoticed. The sky was black and dreary, while the earth was +gay. + +I am a fool, a fool! what have I been waiting for? thought +Nicholas, and running out from the porch he went round the corner of +the house and along the path that led to the back porch. He knew Snya +would pass that way. Halfway lay some snow-covered piles of firewood and +across and along them a network of shadows from the bare old lime trees +fell on the snow and on the path. This path led to the barn. The log +walls of the barn and its snow-covered roof, that looked as if hewn out +of some precious stone, sparkled in the moonlight. A tree in the garden +snapped with the frost, and then all was again perfectly silent. His +bosom seemed to inhale not air but the strength of eternal youth and +gladness. + +From the back porch came the sound of feet descending the steps, the +bottom step upon which snow had fallen gave a ringing creak and he heard +the voice of an old maidservant saying, Straight, straight, along the +path, Miss. Only, dont look back. + +I am not afraid, answered Snyas voice, and along the path +toward Nicholas came the crunching, whistling sound of Snyas feet +in her thin shoes. + +Snya came along, wrapped in her cloak. She was only a couple of paces +away when she saw him, and to her too he was not the Nicholas she had +known and always slightly feared. He was in a womans dress, with +tousled hair and a happy smile new to Snya. She ran rapidly toward +him. + +Quite different and yet the same, thought Nicholas, looking at her +face all lit up by the moonlight. He slipped his arms under the cloak +that covered her head, embraced her, pressed her to him, and kissed her +on the lips that wore a mustache and had a smell of burnt cork. Snya +kissed him full on the lips, and disengaging her little hands pressed +them to his cheeks. + +Snya!... Nicholas!... was all they said. They ran to the barn +and then back again, re-entering, he by the front and she by the back +porch. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +When they all drove back from Pelagya Danlovnas, Natsha, who +always saw and noticed everything, arranged that she and Madame Schoss +should go back in the sleigh with Dimmler, and Snya with Nicholas and +the maids. + +On the way back Nicholas drove at a steady pace instead of racing and +kept peering by that fantastic all-transforming light into Snyas +face and searching beneath the eyebrows and mustache for his former and +his present Snya from whom he had resolved never to be parted again. +He looked and recognizing in her both the old and the new Snya, and +being reminded by the smell of burnt cork of the sensation of her kiss, +inhaled the frosty air with a full breast and, looking at the ground +flying beneath him and at the sparkling sky, felt himself again in +fairyland. + +Snya, is it well with thee? he asked from time to time. + +Yes! she replied. And with thee? + +When halfway home Nicholas handed the reins to the coachman and ran for +a moment to Natshas sleigh and stood on its wing. + +Natsha! he whispered in French, do you know I have made up my +mind about Snya? + +Have you told her? asked Natsha, suddenly beaming all over with +joy. + +Oh, how strange you are with that mustache and those eyebrows!... +Natshaare you glad? + +I am so glad, so glad! I was beginning to be vexed with you. I did +not tell you, but you have been treating her badly. What a heart she +has, Nicholas! I am horrid sometimes, but I was ashamed to be happy +while Snya was not, continued Natsha. Now I am so glad! Well, +run back to her. + +No, wait a bit.... Oh, how funny you look! cried Nicholas, peering +into her face and finding in his sister too something new, unusual, and +bewitchingly tender that he had not seen in her before. Natsha, +its magical, isnt it? + +Yes, she replied. You have done splendidly. + +Had I seen her before as she is now, thought Nicholas, I should +long ago have asked her what to do and have done whatever she told me, +and all would have been well. + +So you are glad and I have done right? + +Oh, quite right! I had a quarrel with Mamma some time ago about it. +Mamma said she was angling for you. How could she say such a thing! I +nearly stormed at Mamma. I will never let anyone say anything bad of +Snya, for there is nothing but good in her. + +Then its all right? said Nicholas, again scrutinizing the +expression of his sisters face to see if she was in earnest. Then he +jumped down and, his boots scrunching the snow, ran back to his sleigh. +The same happy, smiling Circassian, with mustache and beaming eyes +looking up from under a sable hood, was still sitting there, and that +Circassian was Snya, and that Snya was certainly his future happy +and loving wife. + +When they reached home and had told their mother how they had spent the +evening at the Melyukvs, the girls went to their bedroom. When they +had undressed, but without washing off the cork mustaches, they sat a +long time talking of their happiness. They talked of how they would live +when they were married, how their husbands would be friends, and how +happy they would be. On Natshas table stood two looking glasses +which Dunysha had prepared beforehand. + +Only when will all that be? I am afraid never.... It would be too +good! said Natsha, rising and going to the looking glasses. + +Sit down, Natsha perhaps youll see him, said Snya. + +Natsha lit the candles, one on each side of one of the looking +glasses, and sat down. + +I see someone with a mustache, said Natsha, seeing her own face. + +You mustnt laugh, Miss, said Dunysha. + +With Snyas help and the maids, Natsha got the glass she held +into the right position opposite the other her face assumed a serious +expression and she sat silent. She sat a long time looking at the +receding line of candles reflected in the glasses and expecting (from +tales she had heard) to see a coffin, or him, Prince Andrew, in that +last dim, indistinctly outlined square. But ready as she was to take the +smallest speck for the image of a man or of a coffin, she saw nothing. +She began blinking rapidly and moved away from the looking glasses. + +Why is it others see things and I dont? she said. You sit +down now, Snya. You absolutely must, tonight! Do it for me.... Today I +feel so frightened! + +Snya sat down before the glasses, got the right position, and began +looking. + +Now, Miss Snya is sure to see something, whispered Dunysha +while you do nothing but laugh. + +Snya heard this and Natshas whisper + +I know she will. She saw something last year. + +For about three minutes all were silent. + +Of course she will! whispered Natsha, but did not finish... +suddenly Snya pushed away the glass she was holding and covered her +eyes with her hand. + +Oh, Natsha! she cried. + +Did you see? Did you? What was it? exclaimed Natsha, holding up +the looking glass. + +Snya had not seen anything, she was just wanting to blink and to get +up when she heard Natsha say, Of course she will! She did not +wish to disappoint either Dunysha or Natsha, but it was hard to sit +still. She did not herself know how or why the exclamation escaped her +when she covered her eyes. + +You saw him? urged Natsha, seizing her hand. + +Yes. Wait a bit... I... saw him, Snya could not help saying, not +yet knowing whom Natsha meant by him, Nicholas or Prince Andrew. + +But why shouldnt I say I saw something? Others do see! Besides who +can tell whether I saw anything or not? flashed through Snyas +mind. + +Yes, I saw him, she said. + +How? Standing or lying? + +No, I saw... At first there was nothing, then I saw him lying +down. + +Andrew lying? Is he ill? asked Natsha, her frightened eyes fixed +on her friend. + +No, on the contrary, on the contrary! His face was cheerful, and he +turned to me. And when saying this she herself fancied she had really +seen what she described. + +Well, and then, Snya?... + +After that, I could not make out what there was something blue and +red.... + +Snya! When will he come back? When shall I see him! O, God, how +afraid I am for him and for myself and about everything!... Natsha +began, and without replying to Snyas words of comfort she got into +bed, and long after her candle was out lay open-eyed and motionless, +gazing at the moonlight through the frosty windowpanes. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +Soon after the Christmas holidays Nicholas told his mother of his love +for Snya and of his firm resolve to marry her. The countess, who +had long noticed what was going on between them and was expecting this +declaration, listened to him in silence and then told her son that he +might marry whom he pleased, but that neither she nor his father would +give their blessing to such a marriage. Nicholas, for the first time, +felt that his mother was displeased with him and that, despite her love +for him, she would not give way. Coldly, without looking at her son, +she sent for her husband and, when he came, tried briefly and coldly to +inform him of the facts, in her sons presence, but unable to restrain +herself she burst into tears of vexation and left the room. The old +count began irresolutely to admonish Nicholas and beg him to abandon his +purpose. Nicholas replied that he could not go back on his word, and his +father, sighing and evidently disconcerted, very soon became silent and +went in to the countess. In all his encounters with his son, the count +was always conscious of his own guilt toward him for having wasted the +family fortune, and so he could not be angry with him for refusing to +marry an heiress and choosing the dowerless Snya. On this occasion, he +was only more vividly conscious of the fact that if his affairs had not +been in disorder, no better wife for Nicholas than Snya could have +been wished for, and that no one but himself with his Mtenka and +his uncomfortable habits was to blame for the condition of the family +finances. + +The father and mother did not speak of the matter to their son again, +but a few days later the countess sent for Snya and, with a cruelty +neither of them expected, reproached her niece for trying to catch +Nicholas and for ingratitude. Snya listened silently with downcast +eyes to the countess cruel words, without understanding what +was required of her. She was ready to sacrifice everything for her +benefactors. Self-sacrifice was her most cherished idea but in this case +she could not see what she ought to sacrifice, or for whom. She could +not help loving the countess and the whole Rostv family, but neither +could she help loving Nicholas and knowing that his happiness depended +on that love. She was silent and sad and did not reply. Nicholas felt +the situation to be intolerable and went to have an explanation with his +mother. He first implored her to forgive him and Snya and consent to +their marriage, then he threatened that if she molested Snya he would +at once marry her secretly. + +The countess, with a coldness her son had never seen in her before, +replied that he was of age, that Prince Andrew was marrying without his +fathers consent, and he could do the same, but that she would never +receive that intriguer as her daughter. + +Exploding at the word intriguer, Nicholas, raising his voice, told +his mother he had never expected her to try to force him to sell his +feelings, but if that were so, he would say for the last time.... But he +had no time to utter the decisive word which the expression of his face +caused his mother to await with terror, and which would perhaps have +forever remained a cruel memory to them both. He had not time to say it, +for Natsha, with a pale and set face, entered the room from the door +at which she had been listening. + +Nicholas, you are talking nonsense! Be quiet, be quiet, be quiet, I +tell you!... she almost screamed, so as to drown his voice. + +Mamma darling, its not at all so... my poor, sweet darling, she +said to her mother, who conscious that they had been on the brink of +a rupture gazed at her son with terror, but in the obstinacy and +excitement of the conflict could not and would not give way. + +Nicholas, Ill explain to you. Go away! Listen, Mamma darling, +said Natsha. + +Her words were incoherent, but they attained the purpose at which she +was aiming. + +The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face on her daughters breast, +while Nicholas rose, clutching his head, and left the room. + +Natsha set to work to effect a reconciliation, and so far succeeded +that Nicholas received a promise from his mother that Snya should not +be troubled, while he on his side promised not to undertake anything +without his parents knowledge. + +Firmly resolved, after putting his affairs in order in the regiment, +to retire from the army and return and marry Snya, Nicholas, serious, +sorrowful, and at variance with his parents, but, as it seemed to him, +passionately in love, left at the beginning of January to rejoin his +regiment. + +After Nicholas had gone things in the Rostv household were more +depressing than ever, and the countess fell ill from mental agitation. + +Snya was unhappy at the separation from Nicholas and still more so on +account of the hostile tone the countess could not help adopting toward +her. The count was more perturbed than ever by the condition of his +affairs, which called for some decisive action. Their town house and +estate near Moscow had inevitably to be sold, and for this they had to +go to Moscow. But the countess health obliged them to delay their +departure from day to day. + +Natsha, who had borne the first period of separation from her +betrothed lightly and even cheerfully, now grew more agitated and +impatient every day. The thought that her best days, which she would +have employed in loving him, were being vainly wasted, with no advantage +to anyone, tormented her incessantly. His letters for the most part +irritated her. It hurt her to think that while she lived only in the +thought of him, he was living a real life, seeing new places and new +people that interested him. The more interesting his letters were +the more vexed she felt. Her letters to him, far from giving her any +comfort, seemed to her a wearisome and artificial obligation. She could +not write, because she could not conceive the possibility of expressing +sincerely in a letter even a thousandth part of what she expressed by +voice, smile, and glance. She wrote to him formal, monotonous, and dry +letters, to which she attached no importance herself, and in the rough +copies of which the countess corrected her mistakes in spelling. + +There was still no improvement in the countess health, but it was +impossible to defer the journey to Moscow any longer. Natshas +trousseau had to be ordered and the house sold. Moreover, Prince Andrew +was expected in Moscow, where old Prince Bolknski was spending the +winter, and Natsha felt sure he had already arrived. + +So the countess remained in the country, and the count, taking Snya +and Natsha with him, went to Moscow at the end of January. + + + + + +BOOK EIGHT 1811 - 12 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +After Prince Andrews engagement to Natsha, Pierre without any +apparent cause suddenly felt it impossible to go on living as before. +Firmly convinced as he was of the truths revealed to him by his +benefactor, and happy as he had been in perfecting his inner man, to +which he had devoted himself with such ardorall the zest of such a +life vanished after the engagement of Andrew and Natsha and the death +of Joseph Alexevich, the news of which reached him almost at the same +time. Only the skeleton of life remained his house, a brilliant wife +who now enjoyed the favors of a very important personage, acquaintance +with all Petersburg, and his court service with its dull formalities. +And this life suddenly seemed to Pierre unexpectedly loathsome. He +ceased keeping a diary, avoided the company of the Brothers, began going +to the club again, drank a great deal, and came once more in touch +with the bachelor sets, leading such a life that the Countess Hlne +thought it necessary to speak severely to him about it. Pierre felt that +she was right, and to avoid compromising her went away to Moscow. + +In Moscow as soon as he entered his huge house in which the faded and +fading princesses still lived, with its enormous retinue as soon as, +driving through the town, he saw the Iberian shrine with innumerable +tapers burning before the golden covers of the icons, the Krmlin +Square with its snow undisturbed by vehicles, the sleigh drivers and +hovels of the Svtsev Vrazhk, those old Moscovites who desired +nothing, hurried nowhere, and were ending their days leisurely when he +saw those old Moscow ladies, the Moscow balls, and the English Club, he +felt himself at home in a quiet haven. In Moscow he felt at peace, at +home, warm and dirty as in an old dressing gown. + +Moscow society, from the old women down to the children, received Pierre +like a long-expected guest whose place was always ready awaiting him. +For Moscow society Pierre was the nicest, kindest, most intellectual, +merriest, and most magnanimous of cranks, a heedless, genial nobleman of +the old Russian type. His purse was always empty because it was open to +everyone. + +Benefit performances, poor pictures, statues, benevolent societies, +gypsy choirs, schools, subscription dinners, sprees, Freemasons, +churches, and booksno one and nothing met with a refusal from him, +and had it not been for two friends who had borrowed large sums from +him and taken him under their protection, he would have given everything +away. There was never a dinner or soiree at the club without him. As +soon as he sank into his place on the sofa after two bottles of Margaux +he was surrounded, and talking, disputing, and joking began. When there +were quarrels, his kindly smile and well-timed jests reconciled the +antagonists. The Masonic dinners were dull and dreary when he was not +there. + +When after a bachelor supper he rose with his amiable and kindly smile, +yielding to the entreaties of the festive company to drive off somewhere +with them, shouts of delight and triumph arose among the young men. +At balls he danced if a partner was needed. Young ladies, married and +unmarried, liked him because without making love to any of them, he was +equally amiable to all, especially after supper. Il est charmant il +na pas de sexe, * they said of him. + + * He is charming he has no sex. + + +Pierre was one of those retired gentlemen-in-waiting of whom there were +hundreds good-humoredly ending their days in Moscow. + +How horrified he would have been seven years before, when he first +arrived from abroad, had he been told that there was no need for him +to seek or plan anything, that his rut had long been shaped, eternally +predetermined, and that wriggle as he might, he would be what all in +his position were. He could not have believed it! Had he not at one +time longed with all his heart to establish a republic in Russia +then himself to be a Napoleon then to be a philosopher and then +a strategist and the conqueror of Napoleon? Had he not seen the +possibility of, and passionately desired, the regeneration of the sinful +human race, and his own progress to the highest degree of perfection? +Had he not established schools and hospitals and liberated his serfs? + +But instead of all thathere he was, the wealthy husband of an +unfaithful wife, a retired gentleman-in-waiting, fond of eating and +drinking and, as he unbuttoned his waistcoat, of abusing the government +a bit, a member of the Moscow English Club, and a universal favorite in +Moscow society. For a long time he could not reconcile himself to the +idea that he was one of those same retired Moscow gentlemen-in-waiting +he had so despised seven years before. + +Sometimes he consoled himself with the thought that he was only living +this life temporarily but then he was shocked by the thought of how +many, like himself, had entered that life and that club temporarily, +with all their teeth and hair, and had only left it when not a single +tooth or hair remained. + +In moments of pride, when he thought of his position it seemed to +him that he was quite different and distinct from those other retired +gentlemen-in-waiting he had formerly despised they were empty, stupid, +contented fellows, satisfied with their position, while I am still +discontented and want to do something for mankind. But perhaps all these +comrades of mine struggled just like me and sought something new, a +path in life of their own, and like me were brought by force of +circumstances, society, and raceby that elemental force against which +man is powerlessto the condition I am in, said he to himself in +moments of humility and after living some time in Moscow he no longer +despised, but began to grow fond of, to respect, and to pity his +comrades in destiny, as he pitied himself. + +Pierre no longer suffered moments of despair, hypochondria, and disgust +with life, but the malady that had formerly found expression in such +acute attacks was driven inwards and never left him for a moment. +What for? Why? What is going on in the world? he would ask himself +in perplexity several times a day, involuntarily beginning to reflect +anew on the meaning of the phenomena of life but knowing by experience +that there were no answers to these questions he made haste to turn away +from them, and took up a book, or hurried off to the club or to Apolln +Nikolevichs, to exchange the gossip of the town. + +Hlne, who has never cared for anything but her own body and +is one of the stupidest women in the world, thought Pierre, is +regarded by people as the acme of intelligence and refinement, and they +pay homage to her. Napoleon Bonaparte was despised by all as long as he +was great, but now that he has become a wretched comedian the Emperor +Francis wants to offer him his daughter in an illegal marriage. The +Spaniards, through the Catholic clergy, offer praise to God for their +victory over the French on the fourteenth of June, and the French, +also through the Catholic clergy, offer praise because on that same +fourteenth of June they defeated the Spaniards. My brother Masons swear +by the blood that they are ready to sacrifice everything for their +neighbor, but they do not give a ruble each to the collections for the +poor, and they intrigue, the Astraea Lodge against the Manna Seekers, +and fuss about an authentic Scotch carpet and a charter that nobody +needs, and the meaning of which the very man who wrote it does not +understand. We all profess the Christian law of forgiveness of injuries +and love of our neighbors, the law in honor of which we have built in +Moscow forty times forty churchesbut yesterday a deserter was knouted +to death and a minister of that same law of love and forgiveness, a +priest, gave the soldier a cross to kiss before his execution. So +thought Pierre, and the whole of this general deception which everyone +accepts, accustomed as he was to it, astonished him each time as if it +were something new. I understand the deception and confusion, he +thought, but how am I to tell them all that I see? I have tried, and +have always found that they too in the depths of their souls understand +it as I do, and only try not to see it. So it appears that it must +be so! But Iwhat is to become of me? thought he. He had the +unfortunate capacity many men, especially Russians, have of seeing and +believing in the possibility of goodness and truth, but of seeing the +evil and falsehood of life too clearly to be able to take a serious part +in it. Every sphere of work was connected, in his eyes, with evil and +deception. Whatever he tried to be, whatever he engaged in, the evil and +falsehood of it repulsed him and blocked every path of activity. Yet he +had to live and to find occupation. It was too dreadful to be under +the burden of these insoluble problems, so he abandoned himself to +any distraction in order to forget them. He frequented every kind of +society, drank much, bought pictures, engaged in building, and above +allread. + +He read, and read everything that came to hand. On coming home, while +his valets were still taking off his things, he picked up a book and +began to read. From reading he passed to sleeping, from sleeping to +gossip in drawing rooms of the club, from gossip to carousals and women +from carousals back to gossip, reading, and wine. Drinking became more +and more a physical and also a moral necessity. Though the doctors +warned him that with his corpulence wine was dangerous for him, he +drank a great deal. He was only quite at ease when having poured several +glasses of wine mechanically into his large mouth he felt a pleasant +warmth in his body, an amiability toward all his fellows, and a +readiness to respond superficially to every idea without probing it +deeply. Only after emptying a bottle or two did he feel dimly that the +terribly tangled skein of life which previously had terrified him was +not as dreadful as he had thought. He was always conscious of some +aspect of that skein, as with a buzzing in his head after dinner or +supper he chatted or listened to conversation or read. But under the +influence of wine he said to himself It doesnt matter. Ill +get it unraveled. I have a solution ready, but have no time nowIll +think it all out later on! But the later on never came. + +In the morning, on an empty stomach, all the old questions appeared as +insoluble and terrible as ever, and Pierre hastily picked up a book, and +if anyone came to see him he was glad. + +Sometimes he remembered how he had heard that soldiers in war when +entrenched under the enemys fire, if they have nothing to do, try +hard to find some occupation the more easily to bear the danger. To +Pierre all men seemed like those soldiers, seeking refuge from life +some in ambition, some in cards, some in framing laws, some in women, +some in toys, some in horses, some in politics, some in sport, some +in wine, and some in governmental affairs. Nothing is trivial, and +nothing is important, its all the sameonly to save oneself from it +as best one can, thought Pierre. Only not to see it, that dreadful +it! + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +At the beginning of winter Prince Nicholas Bolknski and his daughter +moved to Moscow. At that time enthusiasm for the Emperor Alexanders +regime had weakened and a patriotic and anti-French tendency prevailed +there, and this, together with his past and his intellect and his +originality, at once made Prince Nicholas Bolknski an object of +particular respect to the Moscovites and the center of the Moscow +opposition to the government. + +The prince had aged very much that year. He showed marked signs of +senility by a tendency to fall asleep, forgetfulness of quite recent +events, remembrance of remote ones, and the childish vanity with which +he accepted the role of head of the Moscow opposition. In spite of this +the old man inspired in all his visitors alike a feeling of respectful +venerationespecially of an evening when he came in to tea in his +old-fashioned coat and powdered wig and, aroused by anyone, told his +abrupt stories of the past, or uttered yet more abrupt and scathing +criticisms of the present. For them all, that old-fashioned house with +its gigantic mirrors, pre-Revolution furniture, powdered footmen, and +the stern shrewd old man (himself a relic of the past century) with his +gentle daughter and the pretty Frenchwoman who were reverently devoted +to him presented a majestic and agreeable spectacle. But the visitors +did not reflect that besides the couple of hours during which they saw +their host, there were also twenty-two hours in the day during which the +private and intimate life of the house continued. + +Latterly that private life had become very trying for Princess Mary. +There in Moscow she was deprived of her greatest pleasurestalks with +the pilgrims and the solitude which refreshed her at Bald Hillsand +she had none of the advantages and pleasures of city life. She did not +go out into society everyone knew that her father would not let her +go anywhere without him, and his failing health prevented his going out +himself, so that she was not invited to dinners and evening parties. She +had quite abandoned the hope of getting married. She saw the coldness +and malevolence with which the old prince received and dismissed the +young men, possible suitors, who sometimes appeared at their house. She +had no friends during this visit to Moscow she had been disappointed in +the two who had been nearest to her. Mademoiselle Bourienne, with whom +she had never been able to be quite frank, had now become unpleasant to +her, and for various reasons Princess Mary avoided her. Julie, with whom +she had corresponded for the last five years, was in Moscow, but proved +to be quite alien to her when they met. Just then Julie, who by the +death of her brothers had become one of the richest heiresses in Moscow, +was in the full whirl of society pleasures. She was surrounded by young +men who, she fancied, had suddenly learned to appreciate her worth. +Julie was at that stage in the life of a society woman when she feels +that her last chance of marrying has come and that her fate must be +decided now or never. On Thursdays Princess Mary remembered with a +mournful smile that she now had no one to write to, since Juliewhose +presence gave her no pleasure was here and they met every week. Like the +old migr who declined to marry the lady with whom he had spent his +evenings for years, she regretted Julies presence and having no one +to write to. In Moscow Princess Mary had no one to talk to, no one to +whom to confide her sorrow, and much sorrow fell to her lot just then. +The time for Prince Andrews return and marriage was approaching, but +his request to her to prepare his father for it had not been carried +out in fact, it seemed as if matters were quite hopeless, for at every +mention of the young Countess Rostva the old prince (who apart from +that was usually in a bad temper) lost control of himself. Another +lately added sorrow arose from the lessons she gave her six year-old +nephew. To her consternation she detected in herself in relation to +little Nicholas some symptoms of her fathers irritability. However +often she told herself that she must not get irritable when teaching her +nephew, almost every time that, pointer in hand, she sat down to show +him the French alphabet, she so longed to pour her own knowledge quickly +and easily into the childwho was already afraid that Auntie might at +any moment get angrythat at his slightest inattention she trembled, +became flustered and heated, raised her voice, and sometimes pulled him +by the arm and put him in the corner. Having put him in the corner +she would herself begin to cry over her cruel, evil nature, and little +Nicholas, following her example, would sob, and without permission would +leave his corner, come to her, pull her wet hands from her face, and +comfort her. But what distressed the princess most of all was her +fathers irritability, which was always directed against her and had +of late amounted to cruelty. Had he forced her to prostrate herself to +the ground all night, had he beaten her or made her fetch wood or water, +it would never have entered her mind to think her position hard but +this loving despotthe more cruel because he loved her and for that +reason tormented himself and herknew how not merely to hurt and +humiliate her deliberately, but to show her that she was always to blame +for everything. Of late he had exhibited a new trait that tormented +Princess Mary more than anything else this was his ever-increasing +intimacy with Mademoiselle Bourienne. The idea that at the first moment +of receiving the news of his sons intentions had occurred to him in +jestthat if Andrew got married he himself would marry Bouriennehad +evidently pleased him, and latterly he had persistently, and as it +seemed to Princess Mary merely to offend her, shown special endearments +to the companion and expressed his dissatisfaction with his daughter by +demonstrations of love of Bourienne. + +One day in Moscow in Princess Marys presence (she thought her father +did it purposely when she was there) the old prince kissed Mademoiselle +Bouriennes hand and, drawing her to him, embraced her affectionately. +Princess Mary flushed and ran out of the room. A few minutes later +Mademoiselle Bourienne came into Princess Marys room smiling and +making cheerful remarks in her agreeable voice. Princess Mary hastily +wiped away her tears, went resolutely up to Mademoiselle Bourienne, +and evidently unconscious of what she was doing began shouting in angry +haste at the Frenchwoman, her voice breaking Its horrible, vile, +inhuman, to take advantage of the weakness... She did not finish. +Leave my room, she exclaimed, and burst into sobs. + +Next day the prince did not say a word to his daughter, but she noticed +that at dinner he gave orders that Mademoiselle Bourienne should be +served first. After dinner, when the footman handed coffee and from +habit began with the princess, the prince suddenly grew furious, +threw his stick at Philip, and instantly gave instructions to have him +conscripted for the army. + +He doesnt obey... I said it twice... and he doesnt obey! She +is the first person in this house shes my best friend, cried +the prince. And if you allow yourself, he screamed in a fury, +addressing Princess Mary for the first time, to forget yourself again +before her as you dared to do yesterday, I will show you who is master +in this house. Go! Dont let me set eyes on you beg her pardon! + +Princess Mary asked Mademoiselle Bouriennes pardon, and also her +fathers pardon for herself and for Philip the footman, who had begged +for her intervention. + +At such moments something like a pride of sacrifice gathered in her +soul. And suddenly that father whom she had judged would look for his +spectacles in her presence, fumbling near them and not seeing them, or +would forget something that had just occurred, or take a false step with +his failing legs and turn to see if anyone had noticed his feebleness, +or, worst of all, at dinner when there were no visitors to excite him +would suddenly fall asleep, letting his napkin drop and his shaking +head sink over his plate. He is old and feeble, and I dare to condemn +him! she thought at such moments, with a feeling of revulsion against +herself. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +In 1811 there was living in Moscow a French doctorMtivierwho had +rapidly become the fashion. He was enormously tall, handsome, amiable +as Frenchmen are, and was, as all Moscow said, an extraordinarily clever +doctor. He was received in the best houses not merely as a doctor, but +as an equal. + +Prince Nicholas had always ridiculed medicine, but latterly on +Mademoiselle Bouriennes advice had allowed this doctor to visit him +and had grown accustomed to him. Mtivier came to see the prince about +twice a week. + +On December 6St. Nicholas Day and the princes name dayall +Moscow came to the princes front door but he gave orders to admit no +one and to invite to dinner only a small number, a list of whom he gave +to Princess Mary. + +Mtivier, who came in the morning with his felicitations, considered +it proper in his quality of doctor de forcer la consigne, * as he told +Princess Mary, and went in to see the prince. It happened that on that +morning of his name day the prince was in one of his worst moods. He had +been going about the house all the morning finding fault with everyone +and pretending not to understand what was said to him and not to be +understood himself. Princess Mary well knew this mood of quiet absorbed +querulousness, which generally culminated in a burst of rage, and she +went about all that morning as though facing a cocked and loaded gun +and awaited the inevitable explosion. Until the doctors arrival the +morning had passed off safely. After admitting the doctor, Princess Mary +sat down with a book in the drawing room near the door through which she +could hear all that passed in the study. + + * To force the guard. + +At first she heard only Mtiviers voice, then her fathers, then +both voices began speaking at the same time, the door was flung open, +and on the threshold appeared the handsome figure of the terrified +Mtivier with his shock of black hair, and the prince in his dressing +gown and fez, his face distorted with fury and the pupils of his eyes +rolled downwards. + +You dont understand? shouted the prince, but I do! French +spy, slave of Buonaparte, spy, get out of my house! Be off, I tell +you... and he slammed the door. + +Mtivier, shrugging his shoulders, went up to Mademoiselle Bourienne +who at the sound of shouting had run in from an adjoining room. + +The prince is not very well bile and rush of blood to the head. Keep +calm, I will call again tomorrow, said Mtivier and putting his +fingers to his lips he hastened away. + +Through the study door came the sound of slippered feet and the cry +Spies, traitors, traitors everywhere! Not a moments peace in my +own house! + +After Mtiviers departure the old prince called his daughter in, and +the whole weight of his wrath fell on her. She was to blame that a spy +had been admitted. Had he not told her, yes, told her to make a list, +and not to admit anyone who was not on that list? Then why was that +scoundrel admitted? She was the cause of it all. With her, he said, he +could not have a moments peace and could not die quietly. + +No, maam! We must part, we must part! Understand that, understand +it! I cannot endure any more, he said, and left the room. Then, as if +afraid she might find some means of consolation, he returned and trying +to appear calm added And dont imagine I have said this in a +moment of anger. I am calm. I have thought it over, and it will be +carried outwe must part so find some place for yourself.... But +he could not restrain himself and with the virulence of which only one +who loves is capable, evidently suffering himself, he shook his fists at +her and screamed + +If only some fool would marry her! Then he slammed the door, sent +for Mademoiselle Bourienne, and subsided into his study. + +At two oclock the six chosen guests assembled for dinner. + +These gueststhe famous Count Rostopchn, Prince Lopukhn with his +nephew, General Chatrv an old war comrade of the princes, and +of the younger generation Pierre and Bors Drubetskyawaited the +prince in the drawing room. + +Bors, who had come to Moscow on leave a few days before, had been +anxious to be presented to Prince Nicholas Bolknski, and had contrived +to ingratiate himself so well that the old prince in his case made an +exception to the rule of not receiving bachelors in his house. + +The princes house did not belong to what is known as fashionable +society, but his little circlethough not much talked about in +townwas one it was more flattering to be received in than any other. +Bors had realized this the week before when the commander in chief in +his presence invited Rostopchn to dinner on St. Nicholas Day, and +Rostopchn had replied that he could not come + +On that day I always go to pay my devotions to the relics of Prince +Nicholas Bolknski. + +Oh, yes, yes! replied the commander in chief. How is he?... + +The small group that assembled before dinner in the lofty old-fashioned +drawing room with its old furniture resembled the solemn gathering of +a court of justice. All were silent or talked in low tones. Prince +Nicholas came in serious and taciturn. Princess Mary seemed even quieter +and more diffident than usual. The guests were reluctant to address +her, feeling that she was in no mood for their conversation. Count +Rostopchn alone kept the conversation going, now relating the latest +town news, and now the latest political gossip. + +Lopukhn and the old general occasionally took part in the +conversation. Prince Bolknski listened as a presiding judge receives a +report, only now and then, silently or by a brief word, showing that +he took heed of what was being reported to him. The tone of the +conversation was such as indicated that no one approved of what was +being done in the political world. Incidents were related evidently +confirming the opinion that everything was going from bad to worse, but +whether telling a story or giving an opinion the speaker always stopped, +or was stopped, at the point beyond which his criticism might touch the +sovereign himself. + +At dinner the talk turned on the latest political news Napoleons +seizure of the Duke of Oldenburgs territory, and the Russian Note, +hostile to Napoleon, which had been sent to all the European courts. + +Bonaparte treats Europe as a pirate does a captured vessel, said +Count Rostopchn, repeating a phrase he had uttered several times +before. One only wonders at the long-suffering or blindness of the +crowned heads. Now the Popes turn has come and Bonaparte doesnt +scruple to depose the head of the Catholic Churchyet all keep silent! +Our sovereign alone has protested against the seizure of the Duke +of Oldenburgs territory, and even... Count Rostopchn paused, +feeling that he had reached the limit beyond which censure was +impossible. + +Other territories have been offered in exchange for the Duchy of +Oldenburg, said Prince Bolknski. He shifts the Dukes about as +I might move my serfs from Bald Hills to Boguchrovo or my Ryazn +estates. + +The Duke of Oldenburg bears his misfortunes with admirable +strength of character and resignation, remarked Bors, joining in +respectfully. + +He said this because on his journey from Petersburg he had had the honor +of being presented to the Duke. Prince Bolknski glanced at the +young man as if about to say something in reply, but changed his mind, +evidently considering him too young. + +I have read our protests about the Oldenburg affair and was surprised +how badly the Note was worded, remarked Count Rostopchn in the +casual tone of a man dealing with a subject quite familiar to him. + +Pierre looked at Rostopchn with nave astonishment, not understanding +why he should be disturbed by the bad composition of the Note. + +Does it matter, Count, how the Note is worded, he asked, so +long as its substance is forcible? + +My dear fellow, with our five hundred thousand troops it should be +easy to have a good style, returned Count Rostopchn. + +Pierre now understood the counts dissatisfaction with the wording of +the Note. + +One would have thought quill drivers enough had sprung up, +remarked the old prince. There in Petersburg they are always +writingnot notes only but even new laws. My Andrew there has written +a whole volume of laws for Russia. Nowadays they are always writing! +and he laughed unnaturally. + +There was a momentary pause in the conversation the old general cleared +his throat to draw attention. + +Did you hear of the last event at the review in Petersburg? The +figure cut by the new French ambassador. + +Eh? Yes, I heard something he said something awkward in His +Majestys presence. + +His Majesty drew attention to the Grenadier division and to the march +past, continued the general, and it seems the ambassador took +no notice and allowed himself to reply that We in France pay no +attention to such trifles! The Emperor did not condescend to reply. +At the next review, they say, the Emperor did not once deign to address +him. + +All were silent. On this fact relating to the Emperor personally, it was +impossible to pass any judgment. + +Impudent fellows! said the prince. You know Mtivier? I turned +him out of my house this morning. He was here they admitted him in +spite of my request that they should let no one in, he went on, +glancing angrily at his daughter. + +And he narrated his whole conversation with the French doctor and +the reasons that convinced him that Mtivier was a spy. Though these +reasons were very insufficient and obscure, no one made any rejoinder. + +After the roast, champagne was served. The guests rose to congratulate +the old prince. Princess Mary, too, went round to him. + +He gave her a cold, angry look and offered her his wrinkled, +clean-shaven cheek to kiss. The whole expression of his face told +her that he had not forgotten the mornings talk, that his decision +remained in force, and only the presence of visitors hindered his +speaking of it to her now. + +When they went into the drawing room where coffee was served, the old +men sat together. + +Prince Nicholas grew more animated and expressed his views on the +impending war. + +He said that our wars with Bonaparte would be disastrous so long as we +sought alliances with the Germans and thrust ourselves into European +affairs, into which we had been drawn by the Peace of Tilsit. We +ought not to fight either for or against Austria. Our political +interests are all in the East, and in regard to Bonaparte the only thing +is to have an armed frontier and a firm policy, and he will never dare +to cross the Russian frontier, as was the case in 1807! + +How can we fight the French, Prince? said Count Rostopchn. +Can we arm ourselves against our teachers and divinities? Look at +our youths, look at our ladies! The French are our Gods Paris is our +Kingdom of Heaven. + +He began speaking louder, evidently to be heard by everyone. + +French dresses, French ideas, French feelings! There now, you turned +Mtivier out by the scruff of his neck because he is a Frenchman and +a scoundrel, but our ladies crawl after him on their knees. I went to +a party last night, and there out of five ladies three were Roman +Catholics and had the Popes indulgence for doing woolwork on Sundays. +And they themselves sit there nearly naked, like the signboards at our +Public Baths if I may say so. Ah, when one looks at our young people, +Prince, one would like to take Peter the Greats old cudgel out of the +museum and belabor them in the Russian way till all the nonsense jumps +out of them. + +All were silent. The old prince looked at Rostopchn with a smile and +wagged his head approvingly. + +Well, good-by, your excellency, keep well! said Rostopchn, +getting up with characteristic briskness and holding out his hand to the +prince. + +Good-by, my dear fellow.... His words are music, I never tire of +hearing him! said the old prince, keeping hold of the hand and +offering his cheek to be kissed. + +Following Rostopchns example the others also rose. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Princess Mary as she sat listening to the old mens talk and +faultfinding, understood nothing of what she heard she only wondered +whether the guests had all observed her fathers hostile attitude +toward her. She did not even notice the special attentions and +amiabilities shown her during dinner by Bors Drubetsky, who was +visiting them for the third time already. + +Princess Mary turned with absent-minded questioning look to Pierre, who +hat in hand and with a smile on his face was the last of the guests to +approach her after the old prince had gone out and they were left alone +in the drawing room. + +May I stay a little longer? he said, letting his stout body sink +into an armchair beside her. + +Oh yes, she answered. You noticed nothing? her look asked. + +Pierre was in an agreeable after-dinner mood. He looked straight before +him and smiled quietly. + +Have you known that young man long, Princess? he asked. + +Who? + +Drubetsky. + +No, not long.... + +Do you like him? + +Yes, he is an agreeable young man.... Why do you ask me that? said +Princess Mary, still thinking of that mornings conversation with her +father. + +Because I have noticed that when a young man comes on leave from +Petersburg to Moscow it is usually with the object of marrying an +heiress. + +You have observed that? said Princess Mary. + +Yes, returned Pierre with a smile, and this young man now +manages matters so that where there is a wealthy heiress there he is +too. I can read him like a book. At present he is hesitating whom to lay +siege toyou or Mademoiselle Julie Kargina. He is very attentive to +her. + +He visits them? + +Yes, very often. And do you know the new way of courting? said +Pierre with an amused smile, evidently in that cheerful mood of good +humored raillery for which he so often reproached himself in his diary. + +No, replied Princess Mary. + +To please Moscow girls nowadays one has to be melancholy. He is very +melancholy with Mademoiselle Kargina, said Pierre. + +Really? asked Princess Mary, looking into Pierres kindly +face and still thinking of her own sorrow. It would be a relief, +thought she, if I ventured to confide what I am feeling to someone. +I should like to tell everything to Pierre. He is kind and generous. It +would be a relief. He would give me advice. + +Would you marry him? + +Oh, my God, Count, there are moments when I would marry anybody! +she cried suddenly to her own surprise and with tears in her voice. +Ah, how bitter it is to love someone near to you and to feel +that... she went on in a trembling voice, that you can do nothing +for him but grieve him, and to know that you cannot alter this. Then +there is only one thing leftto go away, but where could I go? + +What is wrong? What is it, Princess? + +But without finishing what she was saying, Princess Mary burst into +tears. + +I dont know what is the matter with me today. Dont take any +noticeforget what I have said! + +Pierres gaiety vanished completely. He anxiously questioned the +princess, asked her to speak out fully and confide her grief to him but +she only repeated that she begged him to forget what she had said, that +she did not remember what she had said, and that she had no trouble +except the one he knew ofthat Prince Andrews marriage threatened +to cause a rupture between father and son. + +Have you any news of the Rostvs? she asked, to change the +subject. I was told they are coming soon. I am also expecting Andrew +any day. I should like them to meet here. + +And how does he now regard the matter? asked Pierre, referring to +the old prince. + +Princess Mary shook her head. + +What is to be done? In a few months the year will be up. The thing +is impossible. I only wish I could spare my brother the first moments. +I wish they would come sooner. I hope to be friends with her. You have +known them a long time, said Princess Mary. Tell me honestly +the whole truth what sort of girl is she, and what do you think of +her?The real truth, because you know Andrew is risking so much doing +this against his fathers will that I should like to know.... + +An undefined instinct told Pierre that these explanations, and +repeated requests to be told the whole truth, expressed ill-will on +the princess part toward her future sister-in-law and a wish that +he should disapprove of Andrews choice but in reply he said what he +felt rather than what he thought. + +I dont know how to answer your question, he said, blushing +without knowing why. I really dont know what sort of girl she is +I cant analyze her at all. She is enchanting, but what makes her so I +dont know. That is all one can say about her. + +Princess Mary sighed, and the expression on her face said Yes, +thats what I expected and feared. + +Is she clever? she asked. + +Pierre considered. + +I think not, he said, and yetyes. She does not deign to be +clever.... Oh no, she is simply enchanting, and that is all. + +Princess Mary again shook her head disapprovingly. + +Ah, I so long to like her! Tell her so if you see her before I do. + +I hear they are expected very soon, said Pierre. + +Princess Mary told Pierre of her plan to become intimate with her future +sister-in-law as soon as the Rostvs arrived and to try to accustom the +old prince to her. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Bors had not succeeded in making a wealthy match in Petersburg, so +with the same object in view he came to Moscow. There he wavered between +the two richest heiresses, Julie and Princess Mary. Though Princess +Mary despite her plainness seemed to him more attractive than Julie, he, +without knowing why, felt awkward about paying court to her. When they +had last met on the old princes name day, she had answered at random +all his attempts to talk sentimentally, evidently not listening to what +he was saying. + +Julie on the contrary accepted his attentions readily, though in a +manner peculiar to herself. + +She was twenty-seven. After the death of her brothers she had become +very wealthy. She was by now decidedly plain, but thought herself not +merely as good-looking as before but even far more attractive. She +was confirmed in this delusion by the fact that she had become a very +wealthy heiress and also by the fact that the older she grew the less +dangerous she became to men, and the more freely they could associate +with her and avail themselves of her suppers, soirees, and the animated +company that assembled at her house, without incurring any obligation. +A man who would have been afraid ten years before of going every day +to the house when there was a girl of seventeen there, for fear of +compromising her and committing himself, would now go boldly every day +and treat her not as a marriageable girl but as a sexless acquaintance. + +That winter the Kargins house was the most agreeable and hospitable +in Moscow. In addition to the formal evening and dinner parties, a large +company, chiefly of men, gathered there every day, supping at midnight +and staying till three in the morning. Julie never missed a ball, a +promenade, or a play. Her dresses were always of the latest fashion. +But in spite of that she seemed to be disillusioned about everything and +told everyone that she did not believe either in friendship or in love, +or any of the joys of life, and expected peace only yonder. She +adopted the tone of one who has suffered a great disappointment, like a +girl who has either lost the man she loved or been cruelly deceived by +him. Though nothing of the kind had happened to her she was regarded in +that light, and had even herself come to believe that she had suffered +much in life. This melancholy, which did not prevent her amusing +herself, did not hinder the young people who came to her house from +passing the time pleasantly. Every visitor who came to the house paid +his tribute to the melancholy mood of the hostess, and then amused +himself with society gossip, dancing, intellectual games, and bouts +rims, which were in vogue at the Kargins. Only a few of these +young men, among them Bors, entered more deeply into Julies +melancholy, and with these she had prolonged conversations in private +on the vanity of all worldly things, and to them she showed her albums +filled with mournful sketches, maxims, and verses. + +To Bors, Julie was particularly gracious she regretted his early +disillusionment with life, offered him such consolation of friendship +as she who had herself suffered so much could render, and showed him +her album. Bors sketched two trees in the album and wrote Rustic +trees, your dark branches shed gloom and melancholy upon me. + +On another page he drew a tomb, and wrote + + La mort est secourable et la mort est tranquille. + Ah! contre les douleurs il ny a pas dautre asile. * + + * Death gives relief and death is peaceful. + +Ah! from suffering there is no other refuge. + +Julie said this was charming + +There is something so enchanting in the smile of melancholy, she +said to Bors, repeating word for word a passage she had copied from a +book. It is a ray of light in the darkness, a shade between sadness +and despair, showing the possibility of consolation. + +In reply Bors wrote these lines + + Aliment de poison dune me trop sensible, + Toi, sans qui le bonheur me serait impossible, + Tendre mlancholie, ah, viens me consoler, + Viens calmer les tourments de ma sombre retraite, + Et mle une douceur secrte + A ces pleurs que je sens couler. * + + *Poisonous nourishment of a too sensitive soul, + Thou, without whom happiness would for me be impossible, + Tender melancholy, ah, come to console me, + Come to calm the torments of my gloomy retreat, + And mingle a secret sweetness + With these tears that I feel to be flowing. + +For Bors, Julie played most doleful nocturnes on her harp. Bors +read Poor Liza aloud to her, and more than once interrupted the reading +because of the emotions that choked him. Meeting at large gatherings +Julie and Bors looked on one another as the only souls who understood +one another in a world of indifferent people. + +Anna Mikhylovna, who often visited the Kargins, while playing cards +with the mother made careful inquiries as to Julies dowry (she was +to have two estates in Pnza and the Nizhegrod forests). Anna +Mikhylovna regarded the refined sadness that united her son to the +wealthy Julie with emotion, and resignation to the Divine will. + +You are always charming and melancholy, my dear Julie, she said to +the daughter. Bors says his soul finds repose at your house. He has +suffered so many disappointments and is so sensitive, said she to +the mother. Ah, my dear, I cant tell you how fond I have grown +of Julie latterly, she said to her son. But who could help loving +her? She is an angelic being! Ah, Bors, Bors!she paused. +And how I pity her mother, she went on today she showed me her +accounts and letters from Pnza (they have enormous estates there), and +she, poor thing, has no one to help her, and they do cheat her so! + +Bors smiled almost imperceptibly while listening to his mother. He +laughed blandly at her nave diplomacy but listened to what she had +to say, and sometimes questioned her carefully about the Pnza and +Nizhegrod estates. + +Julie had long been expecting a proposal from her melancholy adorer and +was ready to accept it but some secret feeling of repulsion for her, +for her passionate desire to get married, for her artificiality, and +a feeling of horror at renouncing the possibility of real love still +restrained Bors. His leave was expiring. He spent every day and whole +days at the Kargins, and every day on thinking the matter over +told himself that he would propose tomorrow. But in Julies presence, +looking at her red face and chin (nearly always powdered), her moist +eyes, and her expression of continual readiness to pass at once from +melancholy to an unnatural rapture of married bliss, Bors could not +utter the decisive words, though in imagination he had long regarded +himself as the possessor of those Pnza and Nizhegrod estates and +had apportioned the use of the income from them. Julie saw Bors +indecision, and sometimes the thought occurred to her that she was +repulsive to him, but her feminine self-deception immediately supplied +her with consolation, and she told herself that he was only shy from +love. Her melancholy, however, began to turn to irritability, and not +long before Bors departure she formed a definite plan of action. +Just as Bors leave of absence was expiring, Anatole Kurgin made +his appearance in Moscow, and of course in the Kargins drawing +room, and Julie, suddenly abandoning her melancholy, became cheerful and +very attentive to Kurgin. + +My dear, said Anna Mikhylovna to her son, I know from a +reliable source that Prince Vasli has sent his son to Moscow to get +him married to Julie. I am so fond of Julie that I should be sorry for +her. What do you think of it, my dear? + +The idea of being made a fool of and of having thrown away that whole +month of arduous melancholy service to Julie, and of seeing all +the revenue from the Pnza estates which he had already mentally +apportioned and put to proper use fall into the hands of another, and +especially into the hands of that idiot Anatole, pained Bors. He drove +to the Kargins with the firm intention of proposing. Julie met +him in a gay, careless manner, spoke casually of how she had enjoyed +yesterdays ball, and asked when he was leaving. Though Bors had +come intentionally to speak of his love and therefore meant to be +tender, he began speaking irritably of feminine inconstancy, of how +easily women can turn from sadness to joy, and how their moods depend +solely on who happens to be paying court to them. Julie was offended and +replied that it was true that a woman needs variety, and the same thing +over and over again would weary anyone. + +Then I should advise you... Bors began, wishing to sting her +but at that instant the galling thought occurred to him that he might +have to leave Moscow without having accomplished his aim, and have +vainly wasted his effortswhich was a thing he never allowed to +happen. + +He checked himself in the middle of the sentence, lowered his eyes to +avoid seeing her unpleasantly irritated and irresolute face, and said + +I did not come here at all to quarrel with you. On the contrary... + +He glanced at her to make sure that he might go on. Her irritability had +suddenly quite vanished, and her anxious, imploring eyes were fixed on +him with greedy expectation. I can always arrange so as not to see +her often, thought Bors. The affair has been begun and must be +finished! He blushed hotly, raised his eyes to hers, and said + +You know my feelings for you! + +There was no need to say more Julies face shone with triumph and +self-satisfaction but she forced Bors to say all that is said on such +occasionsthat he loved her and had never loved any other woman more +than her. She knew that for the Pnza estates and Nizhegrod forests +she could demand this, and she received what she demanded. + +The affianced couple, no longer alluding to trees that shed gloom and +melancholy upon them, planned the arrangements of a splendid house in +Petersburg, paid calls, and prepared everything for a brilliant wedding. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +At the end of January old Count Rostv went to Moscow with Natsha and +Snya. The countess was still unwell and unable to travel but it was +impossible to wait for her recovery. Prince Andrew was expected in +Moscow any day, the trousseau had to be ordered and the estate near +Moscow had to be sold, besides which the opportunity of presenting his +future daughter-in-law to old Prince Bolknski while he was in Moscow +could not be missed. The Rostvs Moscow house had not been heated +that winter and, as they had come only for a short time and the countess +was not with them, the count decided to stay with Mrya Dmtrievna +Akhrosmova, who had long been pressing her hospitality on them. + +Late one evening the Rostvs four sleighs drove into Mrya +Dmtrievnas courtyard in the old Konysheny street. Mrya +Dmtrievna lived alone. She had already married off her daughter, and +her sons were all in the service. + +She held herself as erect, told everyone her opinion as candidly, +loudly, and bluntly as ever, and her whole bearing seemed a reproach +to others for any weakness, passion, or temptationthe possibility of +which she did not admit. From early in the morning, wearing a dressing +jacket, she attended to her household affairs, and then she drove out +on holy days to church and after the service to jails and prisons on +affairs of which she never spoke to anyone. On ordinary days, after +dressing, she received petitioners of various classes, of whom there +were always some. Then she had dinner, a substantial and appetizing meal +at which there were always three or four guests after dinner she played +a game of boston, and at night she had the newspapers or a new book read +to her while she knitted. She rarely made an exception and went out to +pay visits, and then only to the most important persons in the town. + +She had not yet gone to bed when the Rostvs arrived and the pulley of +the hall door squeaked from the cold as it let in the Rostvs and their +servants. Mrya Dmtrievna, with her spectacles hanging down on her +nose and her head flung back, stood in the hall doorway looking with +a stern, grim face at the new arrivals. One might have thought she was +angry with the travelers and would immediately turn them out, had she +not at the same time been giving careful instructions to the servants +for the accommodation of the visitors and their belongings. + +The counts things? Bring them here, she said, pointing to the +portmanteaus and not greeting anyone. The young ladies? There +to the left. Now what are you dawdling for? she cried to the maids. +Get the samovar ready!... Youve grown plumper and prettier, she +remarked, drawing Natsha (whose cheeks were glowing from the cold) +to her by the hood. Foo! You are cold! Now take off your things, +quick! she shouted to the count who was going to kiss her hand. +Youre half frozen, Im sure! Bring some rum for tea!... Bonjour, +Snya dear! she added, turning to Snya and indicating by this +French greeting her slightly contemptuous though affectionate attitude +toward her. + +When they came in to tea, having taken off their outdoor things and +tidied themselves up after their journey, Mrya Dmtrievna kissed them +all in due order. + +Im heartily glad you have come and are staying with me. It was +high time, she said, giving Natsha a significant look. The old +man is here and his sons expected any day. Youll have to make his +acquaintance. But well speak of that later on, she added, glancing +at Snya with a look that showed she did not want to speak of it in her +presence. Now listen, she said to the count. What do you want +tomorrow? Whom will you send for? Shinshn? she crooked one of her +fingers. The sniveling Anna Mikhylovna? Thats two. Shes here +with her son. The son is getting married! Then Bezkhov, eh? He is here +too, with his wife. He ran away from her and she came galloping after +him. He dined with me on Wednesday. As for themand she pointed to +the girlstomorrow Ill take them first to the Iberian shrine +of the Mother of God, and then well drive to the Super-Rogues. +I suppose youll have everything new. Dont judge by me sleeves +nowadays are this size! The other day young Princess Irna Vaslevna +came to see me she was an awful sightlooked as if she had put two +barrels on her arms. You know not a day passes now without some new +fashion.... And what have you to do yourself? she asked the count +sternly. + +One thing has come on top of another her rags to buy, and now a +purchaser has turned up for the Moscow estate and for the house. If you +will be so kind, Ill fix a time and go down to the estate just for a +day, and leave my lassies with you. + +All right. All right. Theyll be safe with me, as safe as in +Chancery! Ill take them where they must go, scold them a bit, and +pet them a bit, said Mrya Dmtrievna, touching her goddaughter and +favorite, Natsha, on the cheek with her large hand. + +Next morning Mrya Dmtrievna took the young ladies to the Iberian +shrine of the Mother of God and to Madame Suppert-Roguet, who was so +afraid of Mrya Dmtrievna that she always let her have costumes at +a loss merely to get rid of her. Mrya Dmtrievna ordered almost the +whole trousseau. When they got home she turned everybody out of the room +except Natsha, and then called her pet to her armchair. + +Well, now well talk. I congratulate you on your betrothed. +Youve hooked a fine fellow! I am glad for your sake and Ive known +him since he was so high. She held her hand a couple of feet from the +ground. Natsha blushed happily. I like him and all his family. +Now listen! You know that old Prince Nicholas much dislikes his sons +marrying. The old fellows crotchety! Of course Prince Andrew is not +a child and can shift without him, but its not nice to enter a family +against a fathers will. One wants to do it peacefully and lovingly. +Youre a clever girl and youll know how to manage. Be kind, and use +your wits. Then all will be well. + +Natsha remained silent, from shyness Mrya Dmtrievna supposed, but +really because she disliked anyone interfering in what touched her love +of Prince Andrew, which seemed to her so apart from all human affairs +that no one could understand it. She loved and knew Prince Andrew, he +loved her only, and was to come one of these days and take her. She +wanted nothing more. + +You see I have known him a long time and am also fond of Mary, your +future sister-in-law. Husbands sisters bring up blisters, +but this one wouldnt hurt a fly. She has asked me to bring you two +together. Tomorrow youll go with your father to see her. Be very +nice and affectionate to her youre younger than she. When he comes, +hell find you already know his sister and father and are liked by +them. Am I right or not? Wont that be best? + +Yes, it will, Natsha answered reluctantly. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Next day, by Mrya Dmtrievnas advice, Count Rostv took Natsha +to call on Prince Nicholas Bolknski. The count did not set out +cheerfully on this visit, at heart he felt afraid. He well remembered +the last interview he had had with the old prince at the time of the +enrollment, when in reply to an invitation to dinner he had had to +listen to an angry reprimand for not having provided his full quota of +men. Natsha, on the other hand, having put on her best gown, was in +the highest spirits. They cant help liking me, she thought. +Everybody always has liked me, and I am so willing to do anything +they wish, so ready to be fond of himfor being his fatherand of +herfor being his sisterthat there is no reason for them not to +like me.... + +They drove up to the gloomy old house on the Vozdvzhenka and entered +the vestibule. + +Well, the Lord have mercy on us! said the count, half in jest, +half in earnest but Natsha noticed that her father was flurried on +entering the anteroom and inquired timidly and softly whether the prince +and princess were at home. + +When they had been announced a perturbation was noticeable among the +servants. The footman who had gone to announce them was stopped by +another in the large hall and they whispered to one another. Then a +maidservant ran into the hall and hurriedly said something, mentioning +the princess. At last an old, cross looking footman came and announced +to the Rostvs that the prince was not receiving, but that the princess +begged them to walk up. The first person who came to meet the visitors +was Mademoiselle Bourienne. She greeted the father and daughter +with special politeness and showed them to the princess room. The +princess, looking excited and nervous, her face flushed in patches, ran +in to meet the visitors, treading heavily, and vainly trying to appear +cordial and at ease. From the first glance Princess Mary did not like +Natsha. She thought her too fashionably dressed, frivolously gay and +vain. She did not at all realize that before having seen her future +sister-in-law she was prejudiced against her by involuntary envy of her +beauty, youth, and happiness, as well as by jealousy of her brothers +love for her. Apart from this insuperable antipathy to her, Princess +Mary was agitated just then because on the Rostvs being announced, +the old prince had shouted that he did not wish to see them, that +Princess Mary might do so if she chose, but they were not to be admitted +to him. She had decided to receive them, but feared lest the prince +might at any moment indulge in some freak, as he seemed much upset by +the Rostvs visit. + +There, my dear princess, Ive brought you my songstress, said +the count, bowing and looking round uneasily as if afraid the old prince +might appear. I am so glad you should get to know one another... very +sorry the prince is still ailing, and after a few more commonplace +remarks he rose. If youll allow me to leave my Natsha in your +hands for a quarter of an hour, Princess, Ill drive round to see Anna +Semnovna, its quite near in the Dogs Square, and then Ill +come back for her. + +The count had devised this diplomatic ruse (as he afterwards told his +daughter) to give the future sisters-in-law an opportunity to talk +to one another freely, but another motive was to avoid the danger of +encountering the old prince, of whom he was afraid. He did not mention +this to his daughter, but Natsha noticed her fathers nervousness +and anxiety and felt mortified by it. She blushed for him, grew still +angrier at having blushed, and looked at the princess with a bold and +defiant expression which said that she was not afraid of anybody. The +princess told the count that she would be delighted, and only begged him +to stay longer at Anna Semnovnas, and he departed. + +Despite the uneasy glances thrown at her by Princess Marywho wished +to have a tte--tte with NatshaMademoiselle Bourienne +remained in the room and persistently talked about Moscow amusements and +theaters. Natsha felt offended by the hesitation she had noticed in +the anteroom, by her fathers nervousness, and by the unnatural manner +of the princess whoshe thoughtwas making a favor of receiving her, +and so everything displeased her. She did not like Princess Mary, whom +she thought very plain, affected, and dry. Natsha suddenly shrank +into herself and involuntarily assumed an offhand air which alienated +Princess Mary still more. After five minutes of irksome, constrained +conversation, they heard the sound of slippered feet rapidly +approaching. Princess Mary looked frightened. + +The door opened and the old prince, in a dressing gown and a white +nightcap, came in. + +Ah, madam! he began. Madam, Countess... Countess Rostva, if +I am not mistaken... I beg you to excuse me, to excuse me... I did not +know, madam. God is my witness, I did not know you had honored us with +a visit, and I came in such a costume only to see my daughter. I beg you +to excuse me... God is my witness, I didnt know he repeated, +stressing the word God so unnaturally and so unpleasantly that +Princess Mary stood with downcast eyes not daring to look either at her +father or at Natsha. + +Nor did the latter, having risen and curtsied, know what to do. +Mademoiselle Bourienne alone smiled agreeably. + +I beg you to excuse me, excuse me! God is my witness, I did not +know, muttered the old man, and after looking Natsha over from head +to foot he went out. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne was the first to recover herself after this +apparition and began speaking about the princes indisposition. +Natsha and Princess Mary looked at one another in silence, and the +longer they did so without saying what they wanted to say, the greater +grew their antipathy to one another. + +When the count returned, Natsha was impolitely pleased and hastened +to get away at that moment she hated the stiff, elderly princess, who +could place her in such an embarrassing position and had spent half an +hour with her without once mentioning Prince Andrew. I couldnt +begin talking about him in the presence of that Frenchwoman, thought +Natsha. The same thought was meanwhile tormenting Princess Mary. She +knew what she ought to have said to Natsha, but she had been unable +to say it because Mademoiselle Bourienne was in the way, and because, +without knowing why, she felt it very difficult to speak of the +marriage. When the count was already leaving the room, Princess Mary +went up hurriedly to Natsha, took her by the hand, and said with a +deep sigh + +Wait, I must... + +Natsha glanced at her ironically without knowing why. + +Dear Natalie, said Princess Mary, I want you to know that I am +glad my brother has found happiness.... + +She paused, feeling that she was not telling the truth. Natsha noticed +this and guessed its reason. + +I think, Princess, it is not convenient to speak of that now, +she said with external dignity and coldness, though she felt the tears +choking her. + +What have I said and what have I done? thought she, as soon as she +was out of the room. + +They waited a long time for Natsha to come to dinner that day. She sat +in her room crying like a child, blowing her nose and sobbing. Snya +stood beside her, kissing her hair. + +Natsha, what is it about? she asked. What do they matter to +you? It will all pass, Natsha. + +But if you only knew how offensive it was... as if I... + +Dont talk about it, Natsha. It wasnt your fault so why should +you mind? Kiss me, said Snya. + +Natsha raised her head and, kissing her friend on the lips, pressed +her wet face against her. + +I cant tell you, I dont know. No ones to blame, said +NatshaIts my fault. But it all hurts terribly. Oh, why +doesnt he come?... + +She came in to dinner with red eyes. Mrya Dmtrievna, who knew how +the prince had received the Rostvs, pretended not to notice how upset +Natsha was and jested resolutely and loudly at table with the count +and the other guests. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +That evening the Rostvs went to the Opera, for which Mrya +Dmtrievna had taken a box. + +Natsha did not want to go, but could not refuse Mrya Dmtrievnas +kind offer which was intended expressly for her. When she came ready +dressed into the ballroom to await her father, and looking in the large +mirror there saw that she was pretty, very pretty, she felt even more +sad, but it was a sweet, tender sadness. + +O God, if he were here now I would not behave as I did then, but +differently. I would not be silly and afraid of things, I would simply +embrace him, cling to him, and make him look at me with those searching +inquiring eyes with which he has so often looked at me, and then I +would make him laugh as he used to laugh. And his eyeshow I see those +eyes! thought Natsha. And what do his father and sister matter +to me? I love him alone, him, him, with that face and those eyes, with +his smile, manly and yet childlike.... No, I had better not think of +him not think of him but forget him, quite forget him for the present. +I cant bear this waiting and I shall cry in a minute! and she +turned away from the glass, making an effort not to cry. And how +can Snya love Nicholas so calmly and quietly and wait so long and so +patiently? thought she, looking at Snya, who also came in quite +ready, with a fan in her hand. No, shes altogether different. I +cant! + +Natsha at that moment felt so softened and tender that it was not +enough for her to love and know she was beloved, she wanted now, at +once, to embrace the man she loved, to speak and hear from him words of +love such as filled her heart. While she sat in the carriage beside her +father, pensively watching the lights of the street lamps flickering on +the frozen window, she felt still sadder and more in love, and forgot +where she was going and with whom. Having fallen into the line of +carriages, the Rostvs carriage drove up to the theater, its wheels +squeaking over the snow. Natsha and Snya, holding up their dresses, +jumped out quickly. The count got out helped by the footmen, and, +passing among men and women who were entering and the program sellers, +they all three went along the corridor to the first row of boxes. +Through the closed doors the music was already audible. + +Natsha, your hair!... whispered Snya. + +An attendant deferentially and quickly slipped before the ladies and +opened the door of their box. The music sounded louder and through the +door rows of brightly lit boxes in which ladies sat with bare arms and +shoulders, and noisy stalls brilliant with uniforms, glittered before +their eyes. A lady entering the next box shot a glance of feminine envy +at Natsha. The curtain had not yet risen and the overture was being +played. Natsha, smoothing her gown, went in with Snya and sat down, +scanning the brilliant tiers of boxes opposite. A sensation she had not +experienced for a long timethat of hundreds of eyes looking at +her bare arms and necksuddenly affected her both agreeably and +disagreeably and called up a whole crowd of memories, desires and +emotions associated with that feeling. + +The two remarkably pretty girls, Natsha and Snya, with Count Rostv +who had not been seen in Moscow for a long time, attracted general +attention. Moreover, everybody knew vaguely of Natshas engagement +to Prince Andrew, and knew that the Rostvs had lived in the country +ever since, and all looked with curiosity at a fiance who was making +one of the best matches in Russia. + +Natshas looks, as everyone told her, had improved in the country, +and that evening thanks to her agitation she was particularly pretty. +She struck those who saw her by her fullness of life and beauty, +combined with her indifference to everything about her. Her black eyes +looked at the crowd without seeking anyone, and her delicate arm, bare +to above the elbow, lay on the velvet edge of the box, while, evidently +unconsciously, she opened and closed her hand in time to the music, +crumpling her program. Look, theres Alnina, said Snya, +with her mother, isnt it? + +Dear me, Michael Kirlovich has grown still stouter! remarked the +count. + +Look at our Anna Mikhylovnawhat a headdress she has on! + +The Kargins, Julieand Bors with them. One can see at once that +theyre engaged.... + +Drubetsky has proposed? + +Oh yes, I heard it today, said Shinshn, coming into the +Rostvs box. + +Natsha looked in the direction in which her fathers eyes were +turned and saw Julie sitting beside her mother with a happy look on her +face and a string of pearls round her thick red neckwhich Natsha +knew was covered with powder. Behind them, wearing a smile and leaning +over with an ear to Julies mouth, was Bors handsome smoothly +brushed head. He looked at the Rostvs from under his brows and said +something, smiling, to his betrothed. + +They are talking about us, about me and him! thought Natsha. +And he no doubt is calming her jealousy of me. They neednt trouble +themselves! If only they knew how little I am concerned about any of +them. + +Behind them sat Anna Mikhylovna wearing a green headdress and with a +happy look of resignation to the will of God on her face. Their box was +pervaded by that atmosphere of an affianced couple which Natsha knew +so well and liked so much. She turned away and suddenly remembered all +that had been so humiliating in her mornings visit. + +What right has he not to wish to receive me into his family? Oh, +better not think of itnot till he comes back! she told herself, +and began looking at the faces, some strange and some familiar, in +the stalls. In the front, in the very center, leaning back against +the orchestra rail, stood Dlokhov in a Persian dress, his curly hair +brushed up into a huge shock. He stood in full view of the audience, +well aware that he was attracting everyones attention, yet as much at +ease as though he were in his own room. Around him thronged Moscows +most brilliant young men, whom he evidently dominated. + +The count, laughing, nudged the blushing Snya and pointed to her +former adorer. + +Do you recognize him? said he. And where has he sprung from? +he asked, turning to Shinshn. Didnt he vanish somewhere? + +He did, replied Shinshn. He was in the Caucasus and ran +away from there. They say he has been acting as minister to some ruling +prince in Persia, where he killed the Shahs brother. Now all the +Moscow ladies are mad about him! Its Dlokhov the Persian that +does it! We never hear a word but Dlokhov is mentioned. They swear +by him, they offer him to you as they would a dish of choice sterlet. +Dlokhov and Anatole Kurgin have turned all our ladies heads. + +A tall, beautiful woman with a mass of plaited hair and much exposed +plump white shoulders and neck, round which she wore a double string of +large pearls, entered the adjoining box rustling her heavy silk dress +and took a long time settling into her place. + +Natsha involuntarily gazed at that neck, those shoulders, and pearls +and coiffure, and admired the beauty of the shoulders and the pearls. +While Natsha was fixing her gaze on her for the second time the lady +looked round and, meeting the counts eyes, nodded to him and smiled. +She was the Countess Bezkhova, Pierres wife, and the count, who +knew everyone in society, leaned over and spoke to her. + +Have you been here long, Countess? he inquired. Ill call, +Ill call to kiss your hand. Im here on business and have brought +my girls with me. They say Semnova acts marvelously. Count Pierre +never used to forget us. Is he here? + +Yes, he meant to look in, answered Hlne, and glanced +attentively at Natsha. + +Count Rostv resumed his seat. + +Handsome, isnt she? he whispered to Natsha. + +Wonderful! answered Natsha. Shes a woman one could easily +fall in love with. + +Just then the last chords of the overture were heard and the conductor +tapped with his stick. Some latecomers took their seats in the stalls, +and the curtain rose. + +As soon as it rose everyone in the boxes and stalls became silent, and +all the men, old and young, in uniform and evening dress, and all the +women with gems on their bare flesh, turned their whole attention with +eager curiosity to the stage. Natsha too began to look at it. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +The floor of the stage consisted of smooth boards, at the sides was +some painted cardboard representing trees, and at the back was a cloth +stretched over boards. In the center of the stage sat some girls in red +bodices and white skirts. One very fat girl in a white silk dress sat +apart on a low bench, to the back of which a piece of green cardboard +was glued. They all sang something. When they had finished their song +the girl in white went up to the prompters box and a man with tight +silk trousers over his stout legs, and holding a plume and a dagger, +went up to her and began singing, waving his arms about. + +First the man in the tight trousers sang alone, then she sang, then they +both paused while the orchestra played and the man fingered the hand +of the girl in white, obviously awaiting the beat to start singing with +her. They sang together and everyone in the theater began clapping +and shouting, while the man and woman on the stagewho represented +loversbegan smiling, spreading out their arms, and bowing. + +After her life in the country, and in her present serious mood, all this +seemed grotesque and amazing to Natsha. She could not follow the opera +nor even listen to the music she saw only the painted cardboard and the +queerly dressed men and women who moved, spoke, and sang so strangely in +that brilliant light. She knew what it was all meant to represent, but +it was so pretentiously false and unnatural that she first felt ashamed +for the actors and then amused at them. She looked at the faces of the +audience, seeking in them the same sense of ridicule and perplexity she +herself experienced, but they all seemed attentive to what was happening +on the stage, and expressed delight which to Natsha seemed feigned. +I suppose it has to be like this! she thought. She kept looking +round in turn at the rows of pomaded heads in the stalls and then at +the seminude women in the boxes, especially at Hlne in the next box, +whoapparently quite unclothedsat with a quiet tranquil smile, not +taking her eyes off the stage. And feeling the bright light that flooded +the whole place and the warm air heated by the crowd, Natsha little +by little began to pass into a state of intoxication she had not +experienced for a long while. She did not realize who and where she +was, nor what was going on before her. As she looked and thought, the +strangest fancies unexpectedly and disconnectedly passed through her +mind the idea occurred to her of jumping onto the edge of the box and +singing the air the actress was singing, then she wished to touch with +her fan an old gentleman sitting not far from her, then to lean over to +Hlne and tickle her. + +At a moment when all was quiet before the commencement of a song, a door +leading to the stalls on the side nearest the Rostvs box creaked, +and the steps of a belated arrival were heard. Theres Kurgin! +whispered Shinshn. Countess Bezkhova turned smiling to the newcomer, +and Natsha, following the direction of that look, saw an exceptionally +handsome adjutant approaching their box with a self-assured yet +courteous bearing. This was Anatole Kurgin whom she had seen +and noticed long ago at the ball in Petersburg. He was now in an +adjutants uniform with one epaulet and a shoulder knot. He moved with +a restrained swagger which would have been ridiculous had he not been +so good-looking and had his handsome face not worn such an expression +of good-humored complacency and gaiety. Though the performance was +proceeding, he walked deliberately down the carpeted gangway, his sword +and spurs slightly jingling and his handsome perfumed head held high. +Having looked at Natsha he approached his sister, laid his well gloved +hand on the edge of her box, nodded to her, and leaning forward asked a +question, with a motion toward Natsha. + +Mais charmante! said he, evidently referring to Natsha, who did +not exactly hear his words but understood them from the movement of his +lips. Then he took his place in the first row of the stalls and sat down +beside Dlokhov, nudging with his elbow in a friendly and offhand way +that Dlokhov whom others treated so fawningly. He winked at him gaily, +smiled, and rested his foot against the orchestra screen. + +How like the brother is to the sister, remarked the count. And +how handsome they both are! + +Shinshn, lowering his voice, began to tell the count of some intrigue +of Kurgins in Moscow, and Natsha tried to overhear it just +because he had said she was charmante. + +The first act was over. In the stalls everyone began moving about, going +out and coming in. + +Bors came to the Rostvs box, received their congratulations very +simply, and raising his eyebrows with an absent-minded smile conveyed to +Natsha and Snya his fiances invitation to her wedding, and +went away. Natsha with a gay, coquettish smile talked to him, and +congratulated on his approaching wedding that same Bors with whom +she had formerly been in love. In the state of intoxication she was in, +everything seemed simple and natural. + +The scantily clad Hlne smiled at everyone in the same way, and +Natsha gave Bors a similar smile. + +Hlnes box was filled and surrounded from the stalls by the most +distinguished and intellectual men, who seemed to vie with one another +in their wish to let everyone see that they knew her. + +During the whole of that entracte Kurgin stood with Dlokhov +in front of the orchestra partition, looking at the Rostvs box. +Natsha knew he was talking about her and this afforded her pleasure. +She even turned so that he should see her profile in what she thought +was its most becoming aspect. Before the beginning of the second act +Pierre appeared in the stalls. The Rostvs had not seen him since +their arrival. His face looked sad, and he had grown still stouter since +Natsha last saw him. He passed up to the front rows, not noticing +anyone. Anatole went up to him and began speaking to him, looking at and +indicating the Rostvs box. On seeing Natsha Pierre grew animated +and, hastily passing between the rows, came toward their box. When he +got there he leaned on his elbows and, smiling, talked to her for a long +time. While conversing with Pierre, Natsha heard a mans voice in +Countess Bezkhovas box and something told her it was Kurgin. She +turned and their eyes met. Almost smiling, he gazed straight into her +eyes with such an enraptured caressing look that it seemed strange to be +so near him, to look at him like that, to be so sure he admired her, and +not to be acquainted with him. + +In the second act there was scenery representing tombstones, there was a +round hole in the canvas to represent the moon, shades were raised over +the footlights, and from horns and contrabass came deep notes while many +people appeared from right and left wearing black cloaks and holding +things like daggers in their hands. They began waving their arms. Then +some other people ran in and began dragging away the maiden who had been +in white and was now in light blue. They did not drag her away at once, +but sang with her for a long time and then at last dragged her off, and +behind the scenes something metallic was struck three times and +everyone knelt down and sang a prayer. All these things were repeatedly +interrupted by the enthusiastic shouts of the audience. + +During this act every time Natsha looked toward the stalls she saw +Anatole Kurgin with an arm thrown across the back of his chair, +staring at her. She was pleased to see that he was captivated by her and +it did not occur to her that there was anything wrong in it. + +When the second act was over Countess Bezkhova rose, turned to the +Rostvs boxher whole bosom completely exposedbeckoned the old +count with a gloved finger, and paying no attention to those who had +entered her box began talking to him with an amiable smile. + +Do make me acquainted with your charming daughters, said she. +The whole town is singing their praises and I dont even know +them! + +Natsha rose and curtsied to the splendid countess. She was so pleased +by praise from this brilliant beauty that she blushed with pleasure. + +I want to become a Moscovite too, now, said Hlne. How is it +youre not ashamed to bury such pearls in the country? + +Countess Bezkhova quite deserved her reputation of being a fascinating +woman. She could say what she did not thinkespecially what was +flatteringquite simply and naturally. + +Dear count, you must let me look after your daughters! Though I am +not staying here long this timenor are youI will try to amuse +them. I have already heard much of you in Petersburg and wanted to get +to know you, said she to Natsha with her stereotyped and lovely +smile. I had heard about you from my page, Drubetsky. Have you +heard he is getting married? And also from my husbands friend +Bolknski, Prince Andrew Bolknski, she went on with special +emphasis, implying that she knew of his relation to Natsha. To get +better acquainted she asked that one of the young ladies should come +into her box for the rest of the performance, and Natsha moved over to +it. + +The scene of the third act represented a palace in which many candles +were burning and pictures of knights with short beards hung on the +walls. In the middle stood what were probably a king and a queen. The +king waved his right arm and, evidently nervous, sang something badly +and sat down on a crimson throne. The maiden who had been first in white +and then in light blue, now wore only a smock, and stood beside the +throne with her hair down. She sang something mournfully, addressing the +queen, but the king waved his arm severely, and men and women with bare +legs came in from both sides and began dancing all together. Then the +violins played very shrilly and merrily and one of the women with thick +bare legs and thin arms, separating from the others, went behind the +wings, adjusted her bodice, returned to the middle of the stage, and +began jumping and striking one foot rapidly against the other. In the +stalls everyone clapped and shouted bravo! Then one of the men +went into a corner of the stage. The cymbals and horns in the orchestra +struck up more loudly, and this man with bare legs jumped very high and +waved his feet about very rapidly. (He was Duport, who received sixty +thousand rubles a year for this art.) Everybody in the stalls, boxes, +and galleries began clapping and shouting with all their might, and the +man stopped and began smiling and bowing to all sides. Then other men +and women danced with bare legs. Then the king again shouted to the +sound of music, and they all began singing. But suddenly a storm +came on, chromatic scales and diminished sevenths were heard in the +orchestra, everyone ran off, again dragging one of their number away, +and the curtain dropped. Once more there was a terrible noise and +clatter among the audience, and with rapturous faces everyone began +shouting Duport! Duport! Duport! Natsha no longer thought this +strange. She looked about with pleasure, smiling joyfully. + +Isnt Duport delightful? Hlne asked her. + +Oh, yes, replied Natsha. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +During the entracte a whiff of cold air came into Hlnes box, +the door opened, and Anatole entered, stooping and trying not to brush +against anyone. + +Let me introduce my brother to you, said Hlne, her eyes +shifting uneasily from Natsha to Anatole. + +Natsha turned her pretty little head toward the elegant young officer +and smiled at him over her bare shoulder. Anatole, who was as handsome +at close quarters as at a distance, sat down beside her and told her he +had long wished to have this happinessever since the Narshkins +ball in fact, at which he had had the well-remembered pleasure of seeing +her. Kurgin was much more sensible and simple with women than among +men. He talked boldly and naturally, and Natsha was strangely and +agreeably struck by the fact that there was nothing formidable in this +man about whom there was so much talk, but that on the contrary his +smile was most nave, cheerful, and good-natured. + +Kurgin asked her opinion of the performance and told her how at a +previous performance Semnova had fallen down on the stage. + +And do you know, Countess, he said, suddenly addressing her as an +old, familiar acquaintance, we are getting up a costume tournament +you ought to take part in it! It will be great fun. We shall all meet at +the Kargins! Please come! No! Really, eh? said he. + +While saying this he never removed his smiling eyes from her face, +her neck, and her bare arms. Natsha knew for certain that he was +enraptured by her. This pleased her, yet his presence made her feel +constrained and oppressed. When she was not looking at him she felt that +he was looking at her shoulders, and she involuntarily caught his eye +so that he should look into hers rather than this. But looking into his +eyes she was frightened, realizing that there was not that barrier of +modesty she had always felt between herself and other men. She did not +know how it was that within five minutes she had come to feel herself +terribly near to this man. When she turned away she feared he might +seize her from behind by her bare arm and kiss her on the neck. They +spoke of most ordinary things, yet she felt that they were closer to +one another than she had ever been to any man. Natsha kept turning to +Hlne and to her father, as if asking what it all meant, but Hlne +was engaged in conversation with a general and did not answer her +look, and her fathers eyes said nothing but what they always said +Having a good time? Well, Im glad of it! + +During one of these moments of awkward silence when Anatoles +prominent eyes were gazing calmly and fixedly at her, Natsha, to break +the silence, asked him how he liked Moscow. She asked the question and +blushed. She felt all the time that by talking to him she was doing +something improper. Anatole smiled as though to encourage her. + +At first I did not like it much, because what makes a town pleasant +ce sont les jolies femmes, * isnt that so? But now I like it very +much indeed, he said, looking at her significantly. Youll come +to the costume tournament, Countess? Do come! and putting out his +hand to her bouquet and dropping his voice, he added, You will be the +prettiest there. Do come, dear countess, and give me this flower as a +pledge! + + * Are the pretty women. + +Natsha did not understand what he was saying any more than he did +himself, but she felt that his incomprehensible words had an improper +intention. She did not know what to say and turned away as if she had +not heard his remark. But as soon as she had turned away she felt that +he was there, behind, so close behind her. + +How is he now? Confused? Angry? Ought I to put it right? she +asked herself, and she could not refrain from turning round. She looked +straight into his eyes, and his nearness, self-assurance, and the +good-natured tenderness of his smile vanquished her. She smiled just +as he was doing, gazing straight into his eyes. And again she felt with +horror that no barrier lay between him and her. + +The curtain rose again. Anatole left the box, serene and gay. Natsha +went back to her father in the other box, now quite submissive to the +world she found herself in. All that was going on before her now seemed +quite natural, but on the other hand all her previous thoughts of her +betrothed, of Princess Mary, or of life in the country did not once +recur to her mind and were as if belonging to a remote past. + +In the fourth act there was some sort of devil who sang waving his arm +about, till the boards were withdrawn from under him and he disappeared +down below. That was the only part of the fourth act that Natsha saw. +She felt agitated and tormented, and the cause of this was Kurgin whom +she could not help watching. As they were leaving the theater Anatole +came up to them, called their carriage, and helped them in. As he was +putting Natsha in he pressed her arm above the elbow. Agitated and +flushed she turned round. He was looking at her with glittering eyes, +smiling tenderly. + + +Only after she had reached home was Natsha able clearly to think over +what had happened to her, and suddenly remembering Prince Andrew she +was horrified, and at tea to which all had sat down after the opera, she +gave a loud exclamation, flushed, and ran out of the room. + +O God! I am lost! she said to herself. How could I let him? +She sat for a long time hiding her flushed face in her hands trying to +realize what had happened to her, but was unable either to understand +what had happened or what she felt. Everything seemed dark, obscure, +and terrible. There in that enormous, illuminated theater where the +bare-legged Duport, in a tinsel-decorated jacket, jumped about to the +music on wet boards, and young girls and old men, and the nearly +naked Hlne with her proud, calm smile, rapturously cried +bravo!there in the presence of that Hlne it had all seemed +clear and simple but now, alone by herself, it was incomprehensible. +What is it? What was that terror I felt of him? What is this gnawing +of conscience I am feeling now? she thought. + +Only to the old countess at night in bed could Natsha have told all +she was feeling. She knew that Snya with her severe and simple views +would either not understand it at all or would be horrified at such +a confession. So Natsha tried to solve what was torturing her by +herself. + +Am I spoiled for Andrews love or not? she asked herself, and +with soothing irony replied What a fool I am to ask that! What did +happen to me? Nothing! I have done nothing, I didnt lead him on +at all. Nobody will know and I shall never see him again, she told +herself. So it is plain that nothing has happened and there is +nothing to repent of, and Andrew can love me still. But why still? +O God, why isnt he here? Natsha quieted herself for a moment, +but again some instinct told her that though all this was true, and +though nothing had happened, yet the former purity of her love for +Prince Andrew had perished. And again in imagination she went over her +whole conversation with Kurgin, and again saw the face, gestures, and +tender smile of that bold handsome man when he pressed her arm. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Anatole Kurgin was staying in Moscow because his father had sent him +away from Petersburg, where he had been spending twenty thousand rubles +a year in cash, besides running up debts for as much more, which his +creditors demanded from his father. + +His father announced to him that he would now pay half his debts for the +last time, but only on condition that he went to Moscow as adjutant to +the commander in chiefa post his father had procured for himand +would at last try to make a good match there. He indicated to him +Princess Mary and Julie Kargina. + +Anatole consented and went to Moscow, where he put up at Pierres +house. Pierre received him unwillingly at first, but got used to him +after a while, sometimes even accompanied him on his carousals, and gave +him money under the guise of loans. + +As Shinshn had remarked, from the time of his arrival Anatole had +turned the heads of the Moscow ladies, especially by the fact that +he slighted them and plainly preferred the gypsy girls and French +actresseswith the chief of whom, Mademoiselle George, he was said to +be on intimate relations. He had never missed a carousal at Danlovs +or other Moscow revelers, drank whole nights through, outvying +everyone else, and was at all the balls and parties of the best society. +There was talk of his intrigues with some of the ladies, and he flirted +with a few of them at the balls. But he did not run after the unmarried +girls, especially the rich heiresses who were most of them plain. +There was a special reason for this, as he had got married two years +beforea fact known only to his most intimate friends. At that time +while with his regiment in Poland, a Polish landowner of small means had +forced him to marry his daughter. Anatole had very soon abandoned his +wife and, for a payment which he agreed to send to his father-in-law, +had arranged to be free to pass himself off as a bachelor. + +Anatole was always content with his position, with himself, and with +others. He was instinctively and thoroughly convinced that it was +impossible for him to live otherwise than as he did and that he had +never in his life done anything base. He was incapable of considering +how his actions might affect others or what the consequences of this or +that action of his might be. He was convinced that, as a duck is so made +that it must live in water, so God had made him such that he must spend +thirty thousand rubles a year and always occupy a prominent position in +society. He believed this so firmly that others, looking at him, were +persuaded of it too and did not refuse him either a leading place +in society or money, which he borrowed from anyone and everyone and +evidently would not repay. + +He was not a gambler, at any rate he did not care about winning. He was +not vain. He did not mind what people thought of him. Still less could +he be accused of ambition. More than once he had vexed his father by +spoiling his own career, and he laughed at distinctions of all kinds. He +was not mean, and did not refuse anyone who asked of him. All he cared +about was gaiety and women, and as according to his ideas there +was nothing dishonorable in these tastes, and he was incapable of +considering what the gratification of his tastes entailed for others, +he honestly considered himself irreproachable, sincerely despised rogues +and bad people, and with a tranquil conscience carried his head high. + +Rakes, those male Magdalenes, have a secret feeling of innocence +similar to that which female Magdalenes have, based on the same hope of +forgiveness. All will be forgiven her, for she loved much and all +will be forgiven him, for he enjoyed much. + +Dlokhov, who had reappeared that year in Moscow after his exile and +his Persian adventures, and was leading a life of luxury, gambling, and +dissipation, associated with his old Petersburg comrade Kurgin and +made use of him for his own ends. + +Anatole was sincerely fond of Dlokhov for his cleverness and +audacity. Dlokhov, who needed Anatole Kurgins name, position, and +connections as a bait to draw rich young men into his gambling set, made +use of him and amused himself at his expense without letting the other +feel it. Apart from the advantage he derived from Anatole, the very +process of dominating anothers will was in itself a pleasure, a +habit, and a necessity to Dlokhov. + +Natsha had made a strong impression on Kurgin. At supper after +the opera he described to Dlokhov with the air of a connoisseur the +attractions of her arms, shoulders, feet, and hair and expressed his +intention of making love to her. Anatole had no notion and was incapable +of considering what might come of such love-making, as he never had any +notion of the outcome of any of his actions. + +Shes first-rate, my dear fellow, but not for us, replied +Dlokhov. + +I will tell my sister to ask her to dinner, said Anatole. +Eh? + +Youd better wait till shes married.... + +You know, I adore little girls, they lose their heads at once, +pursued Anatole. + +You have been caught once already by a little girl, said +Dlokhov who knew of Kurgins marriage. Take care! + +Well, that cant happen twice! Eh? said Anatole, with a +good-humored laugh. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +The day after the opera the Rostvs went nowhere and nobody came to see +them. Mrya Dmtrievna talked to the count about something which they +concealed from Natsha. Natsha guessed they were talking about the +old prince and planning something, and this disquieted and offended her. +She was expecting Prince Andrew any moment and twice that day sent a +manservant to the Vozdvzhenka to ascertain whether he had come. He had +not arrived. She suffered more now than during her first days in Moscow. +To her impatience and pining for him were now added the unpleasant +recollection of her interview with Princess Mary and the old prince, +and a fear and anxiety of which she did not understand the cause. She +continually fancied that either he would never come or that something +would happen to her before he came. She could no longer think of him by +herself calmly and continuously as she had done before. As soon as she +began to think of him, the recollection of the old prince, of Princess +Mary, of the theater, and of Kurgin mingled with her thoughts. The +question again presented itself whether she was not guilty, whether she +had not already broken faith with Prince Andrew, and again she found +herself recalling to the minutest detail every word, every gesture, and +every shade in the play of expression on the face of the man who had +been able to arouse in her such an incomprehensible and terrifying +feeling. To the family Natsha seemed livelier than usual, but she was +far less tranquil and happy than before. + +On Sunday morning Mrya Dmtrievna invited her visitors to Mass at her +parish churchthe Church of the Assumption built over the graves of +victims of the plague. + +I dont like those fashionable churches, she said, evidently +priding herself on her independence of thought. God is the same +everywhere. We have an excellent priest, he conducts the service +decently and with dignity, and the deacon is the same. What holiness is +there in giving concerts in the choir? I dont like it, its just +self-indulgence! + +Mrya Dmtrievna liked Sundays and knew how to keep them. Her whole +house was scrubbed and cleaned on Saturdays neither she nor the +servants worked, and they all wore holiday dress and went to church. At +her table there were extra dishes at dinner, and the servants had vodka +and roast goose or suckling pig. But in nothing in the house was the +holiday so noticeable as in Mrya Dmtrievnas broad, stern face, +which on that day wore an invariable look of solemn festivity. + +After Mass, when they had finished their coffee in the dining room +where the loose covers had been removed from the furniture, a servant +announced that the carriage was ready, and Mrya Dmtrievna rose with +a stern air. She wore her holiday shawl, in which she paid calls, and +announced that she was going to see Prince Nicholas Bolknski to have +an explanation with him about Natsha. + +After she had gone, a dressmaker from Madame Suppert-Roguet waited on +the Rostvs, and Natsha, very glad of this diversion, having shut +herself into a room adjoining the drawing room, occupied herself trying +on the new dresses. Just as she had put on a bodice without sleeves and +only tacked together, and was turning her head to see in the glass how +the back fitted, she heard in the drawing room the animated sounds +of her fathers voice and anothersa womansthat made her +flush. It was Hlne. Natsha had not time to take off the bodice +before the door opened and Countess Bezkhova, dressed in a purple +velvet gown with a high collar, came into the room beaming with +good-humored amiable smiles. + +Oh, my enchantress! she cried to the blushing Natsha. +Charming! No, this is really beyond anything, my dear count, said +she to Count Rostv who had followed her in. How can you live in +Moscow and go nowhere? No, I wont let you off! Mademoiselle George +will recite at my house tonight and therell be some people, and if +you dont bring your lovely girlswho are prettier than Mademoiselle +GeorgeI wont know you! My husband is away in Tver or I would send +him to fetch you. You must come. You positively must! Between eight and +nine. + +She nodded to the dressmaker, whom she knew and who had curtsied +respectfully to her, and seated herself in an armchair beside the +looking glass, draping the folds of her velvet dress picturesquely. She +did not cease chattering good-naturedly and gaily, continually praising +Natshas beauty. She looked at Natshas dresses and praised +them, as well as a new dress of her own made of metallic gauze, +which she had received from Paris, and advised Natsha to have one like +it. + +But anything suits you, my charmer! she remarked. + +A smile of pleasure never left Natshas face. She felt happy and as +if she were blossoming under the praise of this dear Countess Bezkhova +who had formerly seemed to her so unapproachable and important and was +now so kind to her. Natsha brightened up and felt almost in love with +this woman, who was so beautiful and so kind. Hlne for her part was +sincerely delighted with Natsha and wished to give her a good time. +Anatole had asked her to bring him and Natsha together, and she was +calling on the Rostvs for that purpose. The idea of throwing her +brother and Natsha together amused her. + +Though at one time, in Petersburg, she had been annoyed with Natsha +for drawing Bors away, she did not think of that now, and in her own +way heartily wished Natsha well. As she was leaving the Rostvs she +called her protge aside. + +My brother dined with me yesterdaywe nearly died of laughterhe +ate nothing and kept sighing for you, my charmer! He is madly, quite +madly, in love with you, my dear. + +Natsha blushed scarlet when she heard this. + +How she blushes, how she blushes, my pretty! said Hlne. You +must certainly come. If you love somebody, my charmer, that is not a +reason to shut yourself up. Even if you are engaged, I am sure your +fianc would wish you to go into society rather than be bored to +death. + +So she knows I am engaged, and she and her husband Pierrethat good +Pierrehave talked and laughed about this. So its all right. And +again, under Hlnes influence, what had seemed terrible now seemed +simple and natural. And she is such a grande dame, so kind, and +evidently likes me so much. And why not enjoy myself? thought +Natsha, gazing at Hlne with wide-open, wondering eyes. + +Mrya Dmtrievna came back to dinner taciturn and serious, having +evidently suffered a defeat at the old princes. She was still too +agitated by the encounter to be able to talk of the affair calmly. In +answer to the counts inquiries she replied that things were all +right and that she would tell about it next day. On hearing of Countess +Bezkhovas visit and the invitation for that evening, Mrya +Dmtrievna remarked + +I dont care to have anything to do with Bezkhova and dont +advise you to however, if youve promisedgo. It will divert your +thoughts, she added, addressing Natsha. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +Count Rostv took the girls to Countess Bezkhovas. There were +a good many people there, but nearly all strangers to Natsha. Count +Rostv was displeased to see that the company consisted almost entirely +of men and women known for the freedom of their conduct. Mademoiselle +George was standing in a corner of the drawing room surrounded by young +men. There were several Frenchmen present, among them Mtivier who from +the time Hlne reached Moscow had been an intimate in her house. The +count decided not to sit down to cards or let his girls out of his sight +and to get away as soon as Mademoiselle Georges performance was over. + +Anatole was at the door, evidently on the lookout for the Rostvs. +Immediately after greeting the count he went up to Natsha and followed +her. As soon as she saw him she was seized by the same feeling she had +had at the operagratified vanity at his admiration of her and fear at +the absence of a moral barrier between them. + +Hlne welcomed Natsha delightedly and was loud in admiration of her +beauty and her dress. Soon after their arrival Mademoiselle George went +out of the room to change her costume. In the drawing room people began +arranging the chairs and taking their seats. Anatole moved a chair for +Natsha and was about to sit down beside her, but the count, who never +lost sight of her, took the seat himself. Anatole sat down behind her. + +Mademoiselle George, with her bare, fat, dimpled arms, and a red shawl +draped over one shoulder, came into the space left vacant for her, and +assumed an unnatural pose. Enthusiastic whispering was audible. + +Mademoiselle George looked sternly and gloomily at the audience and +began reciting some French verses describing her guilty love for her +son. In some places she raised her voice, in others she whispered, +lifting her head triumphantly sometimes she paused and uttered hoarse +sounds, rolling her eyes. + +Adorable! divine! delicious! was heard from every side. + +Natsha looked at the fat actress, but neither saw nor heard nor +understood anything of what went on before her. She only felt herself +again completely borne away into this strange senseless worldso +remote from her old worlda world in which it was impossible to know +what was good or bad, reasonable or senseless. Behind her sat Anatole, +and conscious of his proximity she experienced a frightened sense of +expectancy. + +After the first monologue the whole company rose and surrounded +Mademoiselle George, expressing their enthusiasm. + +How beautiful she is! Natsha remarked to her father who had also +risen and was moving through the crowd toward the actress. + +I dont think so when I look at you! said Anatole, following +Natsha. He said this at a moment when she alone could hear him. You +are enchanting... from the moment I saw you I have never ceased... + +Come, come, Natsha! said the count, as he turned back for his +daughter. How beautiful she is! Natsha without saying anything +stepped up to her father and looked at him with surprised inquiring +eyes. + +After giving several recitations, Mademoiselle George left, and Countess +Bezkhova asked her visitors into the ballroom. + +The count wished to go home, but Hlne entreated him not to spoil her +improvised ball, and the Rostvs stayed on. Anatole asked Natsha for +a valse and as they danced he pressed her waist and hand and told her +she was bewitching and that he loved her. During the cossaise, which +she also danced with him, Anatole said nothing when they happened to be +by themselves, but merely gazed at her. Natsha lifted her frightened +eyes to him, but there was such confident tenderness in his affectionate +look and smile that she could not, whilst looking at him, say what she +had to say. She lowered her eyes. + +Dont say such things to me. I am betrothed and love another, +she said rapidly.... She glanced at him. + +Anatole was not upset or pained by what she had said. + +Dont speak to me of that! What can I do? said he. I tell +you I am madly, madly, in love with you! Is it my fault that you are +enchanting?... Its our turn to begin. + +Natsha, animated and excited, looked about her with wide-open +frightened eyes and seemed merrier than usual. She understood hardly +anything that went on that evening. They danced the cossaise and the +Grossvater. Her father asked her to come home, but she begged to remain. +Wherever she went and whomever she was speaking to, she felt his eyes +upon her. Later on she recalled how she had asked her father to let +her go to the dressing room to rearrange her dress, that Hlne had +followed her and spoken laughingly of her brothers love, and that she +again met Anatole in the little sitting room. Hlne had disappeared +leaving them alone, and Anatole had taken her hand and said in a tender +voice + +I cannot come to visit you but is it possible that I shall never see +you? I love you madly. Can I never...? and, blocking her path, he +brought his face close to hers. + +His large, glittering, masculine eyes were so close to hers that she saw +nothing but them. + +Natalie? he whispered inquiringly while she felt her hands being +painfully pressed. Natalie? + +I dont understand. I have nothing to say, her eyes replied. + +Burning lips were pressed to hers, and at the same instant she felt +herself released, and Hlnes footsteps and the rustle of her dress +were heard in the room. Natsha looked round at her, and then, red +and trembling, threw a frightened look of inquiry at Anatole and moved +toward the door. + +One word, just one, for Gods sake! cried Anatole. + +She paused. She so wanted a word from him that would explain to her what +had happened and to which she could find no answer. + +Natalie, just a word, only one! he kept repeating, evidently not +knowing what to say and he repeated it till Hlne came up to them. + +Hlne returned with Natsha to the drawing room. The Rostvs went +away without staying for supper. + +After reaching home Natsha did not sleep all night. She was tormented +by the insoluble question whether she loved Anatole or Prince Andrew. +She loved Prince Andrewshe remembered distinctly how deeply she loved +him. But she also loved Anatole, of that there was no doubt. Else how +could all this have happened? thought she. If, after that, I could +return his smile when saying good-by, if I was able to let it come to +that, it means that I loved him from the first. It means that he is +kind, noble, and splendid, and I could not help loving him. What am I to +do if I love him and the other one too? she asked herself, unable to +find an answer to these terrible questions. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Morning came with its cares and bustle. Everyone got up and began +to move about and talk, dressmakers came again. Mrya Dmtrievna +appeared, and they were called to breakfast. Natsha kept looking +uneasily at everybody with wide-open eyes, as if wishing to intercept +every glance directed toward her, and tried to appear the same as usual. + +After breakfast, which was her best time, Mrya Dmtrievna sat down in +her armchair and called Natsha and the count to her. + +Well, friends, I have now thought the whole matter over and this is +my advice, she began. Yesterday, as you know, I went to see Prince +Bolknski. Well, I had a talk with him.... He took it into his head to +begin shouting, but I am not one to be shouted down. I said what I had +to say! + +Well, and he? asked the count. + +He? Hes crazy... he did not want to listen. But whats the use +of talking? As it is we have worn the poor girl out, said Mrya +Dmtrievna. My advice to you is finish your business and go back +home to Otrdnoe... and wait there. + +Oh, no! exclaimed Natsha. + +Yes, go back, said Mrya Dmtrievna, and wait there. If your +betrothed comes here nowthere will be no avoiding a quarrel but +alone with the old man he will talk things over and then come on to +you. + +Count Rostv approved of this suggestion, appreciating its +reasonableness. If the old man came round it would be all the better to +visit him in Moscow or at Bald Hills later on and if not, the wedding, +against his wishes, could only be arranged at Otrdnoe. + +That is perfectly true. And I am sorry I went to see him and took +her, said the old count. + +No, why be sorry? Being here, you had to pay your respects. But if he +wontthats his affair, said Mrya Dmtrievna, looking for +something in her reticule. Besides, the trousseau is ready, so there +is nothing to wait for and what is not ready Ill send after you. +Though I dont like letting you go, it is the best way. So go, with +Gods blessing! + +Having found what she was looking for in the reticule she handed it to +Natsha. It was a letter from Princess Mary. + +She has written to you. How she torments herself, poor thing! Shes +afraid you might think that she does not like you. + +But she doesnt like me, said Natsha. + +Dont talk nonsense! cried Mrya Dmtrievna. + +I shant believe anyone, I know she doesnt like me, replied +Natsha boldly as she took the letter, and her face expressed a cold +and angry resolution that caused Mrya Dmtrievna to look at her more +intently and to frown. + +Dont answer like that, my good girl! she said. What I say is +true! Write an answer! + +Natsha did not reply and went to her own room to read Princess +Marys letter. + +Princess Mary wrote that she was in despair at the misunderstanding that +had occurred between them. Whatever her fathers feelings might be, +she begged Natsha to believe that she could not help loving her as +the one chosen by her brother, for whose happiness she was ready to +sacrifice everything. + +Do not think, however, she wrote, that my father is +ill-disposed toward you. He is an invalid and an old man who must be +forgiven but he is good and magnanimous and will love her who makes his +son happy. Princess Mary went on to ask Natsha to fix a time when +she could see her again. + +After reading the letter Natsha sat down at the writing table +to answer it. Dear Princess, she wrote in French quickly and +mechanically, and then paused. What more could she write after all that +had happened the evening before? Yes, yes! All that has happened, and +now all is changed, she thought as she sat with the letter she had +begun before her. Must I break off with him? Must I really? Thats +awful... and to escape from these dreadful thoughts she went to +Snya and began sorting patterns with her. + +After dinner Natsha went to her room and again took up Princess +Marys letter. Can it be that it is all over? she thought. +Can it be that all this has happened so quickly and has destroyed all +that went before? She recalled her love for Prince Andrew in all its +former strength, and at the same time felt that she loved Kurgin. She +vividly pictured herself as Prince Andrews wife, and the scenes of +happiness with him she had so often repeated in her imagination, and +at the same time, aglow with excitement, recalled every detail of +yesterdays interview with Anatole. + +Why could that not be as well? she sometimes asked herself in +complete bewilderment. Only so could I be completely happy but now I +have to choose, and I cant be happy without either of them. Only, +she thought, to tell Prince Andrew what has happened or to hide +it from him are both equally impossible. But with that one nothing is +spoiled. But am I really to abandon forever the joy of Prince Andrews +love, in which I have lived so long? + +Please, Miss! whispered a maid entering the room with a mysterious +air. A man told me to give you this and she handed Natsha a +letter. + +Only, for Christs sake... the girl went on, as Natsha, +without thinking, mechanically broke the seal and read a love letter +from Anatole, of which, without taking in a word, she understood only +that it was a letter from himfrom the man she loved. Yes, she loved +him, or else how could that have happened which had happened? And how +could she have a love letter from him in her hand? + +With trembling hands Natsha held that passionate love letter which +Dlokhov had composed for Anatole, and as she read it she found in it +an echo of all that she herself imagined she was feeling. + +Since yesterday evening my fate has been sealed to be loved by you +or to die. There is no other way for me, the letter began. Then he +went on to say that he knew her parents would not give her to himfor +this there were secret reasons he could reveal only to herbut that if +she loved him she need only say the word yes, and no human power could +hinder their bliss. Love would conquer all. He would steal her away and +carry her off to the ends of the earth. + +Yes, yes! I love him! thought Natsha, reading the letter for the +twentieth time and finding some peculiarly deep meaning in each word of +it. + +That evening Mrya Dmtrievna was going to the Akhrovs and +proposed to take the girls with her. Natsha, pleading a headache, +remained at home. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +On returning late in the evening Snya went to Natshas room, and +to her surprise found her still dressed and asleep on the sofa. Open on +the table, beside her lay Anatoles letter. Snya picked it up and +read it. + +As she read she glanced at the sleeping Natsha, trying to find in her +face an explanation of what she was reading, but did not find it. Her +face was calm, gentle, and happy. Clutching her breast to keep herself +from choking, Snya, pale and trembling with fear and agitation, sat +down in an armchair and burst into tears. + +How was it I noticed nothing? How could it go so far? Can she have +left off loving Prince Andrew? And how could she let Kurgin go to +such lengths? He is a deceiver and a villain, thats plain! What will +Nicholas, dear noble Nicholas, do when he hears of it? So this is +the meaning of her excited, resolute, unnatural look the day before +yesterday, yesterday, and today, thought Snya. But it cant be +that she loves him! She probably opened the letter without knowing who +it was from. Probably she is offended by it. She could not do such a +thing! + +Snya wiped away her tears and went up to Natsha, again scanning her +face. + +Natsha! she said, just audibly. + +Natsha awoke and saw Snya. + +Ah, youre back? + +And with the decision and tenderness that often come at the moment of +awakening, she embraced her friend, but noticing Snyas look of +embarrassment, her own face expressed confusion and suspicion. + +Snya, youve read that letter? she demanded. + +Yes, answered Snya softly. + +Natsha smiled rapturously. + +No, Snya, I cant any longer! she said. I cant hide it +from you any longer. You know, we love one another! Snya, darling, he +writes... Snya... + +Snya stared open-eyed at Natsha, unable to believe her ears. + +And Bolknski? she asked. + +Ah, Snya, if you only knew how happy I am! cried Natsha. +You dont know what love is.... + +But, Natsha, can that be all over? + +Natsha looked at Snya with wide-open eyes as if she could not grasp +the question. + +Well, then, are you refusing Prince Andrew? said Snya. + +Oh, you dont understand anything! Dont talk nonsense, just +listen! said Natsha, with momentary vexation. + +But I cant believe it, insisted Snya. I dont +understand. How is it you have loved a man for a whole year and +suddenly... Why, you have only seen him three times! Natsha, I dont +believe you, youre joking! In three days to forget everything and +so... + +Three days? said Natsha. It seems to me Ive loved him a +hundred years. It seems to me that I have never loved anyone before. You +cant understand it.... Snya, wait a bit, sit here, and Natsha +embraced and kissed her. + +I had heard that it happens like this, and you must have heard it +too, but its only now that I feel such love. Its not the same as +before. As soon as I saw him I felt he was my master and I his slave, +and that I could not help loving him. Yes, his slave! Whatever he orders +I shall do. You dont understand that. What can I do? What can I do, +Snya? cried Natsha with a happy yet frightened expression. + +But think what you are doing, cried Snya. I cant leave +it like this. This secret correspondence... How could you let him go so +far? she went on, with a horror and disgust she could hardly conceal. + +I told you that I have no will, Natsha replied. Why cant +you understand? I love him! + +Then I wont let it come to that... I shall tell! cried Snya, +bursting into tears. + +What do you mean? For Gods sake... If you tell, you are my +enemy! declared Natsha. You want me to be miserable, you want us +to be separated.... + +When she saw Natshas fright, Snya shed tears of shame and pity +for her friend. + +But what has happened between you? she asked. What has he said +to you? Why doesnt he come to the house? + +Natsha did not answer her questions. + +For Gods sake, Snya, dont tell anyone, dont torture +me, Natsha entreated. Remember no one ought to interfere in such +matters! I have confided in you.... + +But why this secrecy? Why doesnt he come to the house? asked +Snya. Why doesnt he openly ask for your hand? You know Prince +Andrew gave you complete freedomif it is really so but I dont +believe it! Natsha, have you considered what these secret reasons can +be? + +Natsha looked at Snya with astonishment. Evidently this question +presented itself to her mind for the first time and she did not know how +to answer it. + +I dont know what the reasons are. But there must be reasons! + +Snya sighed and shook her head incredulously. + +If there were reasons... she began. + +But Natsha, guessing her doubts, interrupted her in alarm. + +Snya, one cant doubt him! One cant, one cant! Dont you +understand? she cried. + +Does he love you? + +Does he love me? Natsha repeated with a smile of pity at her +friends lack of comprehension. Why, you have read his letter and +you have seen him. + +But if he is dishonorable? + +He! dishonorable? If you only knew! exclaimed Natsha. + +If he is an honorable man he should either declare his intentions or +cease seeing you and if you wont do this, I will. I will write to +him, and I will tell Papa! said Snya resolutely. + +But I cant live without him! cried Natsha. + +Natsha, I dont understand you. And what are you saying! Think of +your father and of Nicholas. + +I dont want anyone, I dont love anyone but him. How dare you +say he is dishonorable? Dont you know that I love him? screamed +Natsha. Go away, Snya! I dont want to quarrel with you, but +go, for Gods sake go! You see how I am suffering! Natsha cried +angrily, in a voice of despair and repressed irritation. Snya burst +into sobs and ran from the room. + +Natsha went to the table and without a moments reflection wrote +that answer to Princess Mary which she had been unable to write all +the morning. In this letter she said briefly that all their +misunderstandings were at an end that availing herself of the +magnanimity of Prince Andrew who when he went abroad had given her her +freedom, she begged Princess Mary to forget everything and forgive her +if she had been to blame toward her, but that she could not be his +wife. At that moment this all seemed quite easy, simple, and clear to +Natsha. + + +On Friday the Rostvs were to return to the country, but on Wednesday +the count went with the prospective purchaser to his estate near Moscow. + +On the day the count left, Snya and Natsha were invited to a big +dinner party at the Kargins, and Mrya Dmtrievna took them +there. At that party Natsha again met Anatole, and Snya noticed +that she spoke to him, trying not to be overheard, and that all through +dinner she was more agitated than ever. When they got home Natsha was +the first to begin the explanation Snya expected. + +There, Snya, you were talking all sorts of nonsense about him, +Natsha began in a mild voice such as children use when they wish to be +praised. We have had an explanation today. + +Well, what happened? What did he say? Natsha, how glad I am +youre not angry with me! Tell me everythingthe whole truth. What +did he say? + +Natsha became thoughtful. + +Oh, Snya, if you knew him as I do! He said... He asked me what I +had promised Bolknski. He was glad I was free to refuse him. + +Snya sighed sorrowfully. + +But you havent refused Bolknski? said she. + +Perhaps I have. Perhaps all is over between me and Bolknski. Why do +you think so badly of me? + +I dont think anything, only I dont understand this... + +Wait a bit, Snya, youll understand everything. Youll see what +a man he is! Now dont think badly of me or of him. I dont think +badly of anyone I love and pity everybody. But what am I to do? + +Snya did not succumb to the tender tone Natsha used toward her. +The more emotional and ingratiating the expression of Natshas face +became, the more serious and stern grew Snyas. + +Natsha, said she, you asked me not to speak to you, and I +havent spoken, but now you yourself have begun. I dont trust him, +Natsha. Why this secrecy? + +Again, again! interrupted Natsha. + +Natsha, I am afraid for you! + +Afraid of what? + +I am afraid youre going to your ruin, said Snya resolutely, +and was herself horrified at what she had said. + +Anger again showed in Natshas face. + +And Ill go to my ruin, I will, as soon as possible! Its not +your business! It wont be you, but I, wholl suffer. Leave me +alone, leave me alone! I hate you! + +Natsha! moaned Snya, aghast. + +I hate you, I hate you! Youre my enemy forever! And Natsha +ran out of the room. + +Natsha did not speak to Snya again and avoided her. With the same +expression of agitated surprise and guilt she went about the house, +taking up now one occupation, now another, and at once abandoning them. + +Hard as it was for Snya, she watched her friend and did not let her +out of her sight. + +The day before the count was to return, Snya noticed that Natsha sat +by the drawing room window all the morning as if expecting something and +that she made a sign to an officer who drove past, whom Snya took to +be Anatole. + +Snya began watching her friend still more attentively and noticed that +at dinner and all that evening Natsha was in a strange and unnatural +state. She answered questions at random, began sentences she did not +finish, and laughed at everything. + +After tea Snya noticed a housemaid at Natshas door timidly +waiting to let her pass. She let the girl go in, and then listening at +the door learned that another letter had been delivered. + +Then suddenly it became clear to Snya that Natsha had some dreadful +plan for that evening. Snya knocked at her door. Natsha did not let +her in. + +She will run away with him! thought Snya. She is capable of +anything. There was something particularly pathetic and resolute in +her face today. She cried as she said good-by to Uncle, Snya +remembered. Yes, thats it, she means to elope with him, but +what am I to do? thought she, recalling all the signs that clearly +indicated that Natsha had some terrible intention. The count is +away. What am I to do? Write to Kurgin demanding an explanation? But +what is there to oblige him to reply? Write to Pierre, as Prince Andrew +asked me to in case of some misfortune?... But perhaps she really +has already refused Bolknskishe sent a letter to Princess Mary +yesterday. And Uncle is away.... To tell Mrya Dmtrievna who had +such faith in Natsha seemed to Snya terrible. Well, anyway, +thought Snya as she stood in the dark passage, now or never I must +prove that I remember the familys goodness to me and that I love +Nicholas. Yes! If I dont sleep for three nights Ill not leave this +passage and will hold her back by force and will and not let the family +be disgraced, thought she. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Anatole had lately moved to Dlokhovs. The plan for Natalie +Rostvas abduction had been arranged and the preparations made by +Dlokhov a few days before, and on the day that Snya, after listening +at Natshas door, resolved to safeguard her, it was to have been +put into execution. Natsha had promised to come out to Kurgin at the +back porch at ten that evening. Kurgin was to put her into a troyka +he would have ready and to drive her forty miles to the village of +Kmenka, where an unfrocked priest was in readiness to perform a +marriage ceremony over them. At Kmenka a relay of horses was to wait +which would take them to the Warsaw highroad, and from there they would +hasten abroad with post horses. + +Anatole had a passport, an order for post horses, ten thousand rubles +he had taken from his sister and another ten thousand borrowed with +Dlokhovs help. + +Two witnesses for the mock marriageKhvstikov, a retired petty +official whom Dlokhov made use of in his gambling transactions, and +Makrin, a retired hussar, a kindly, weak fellow who had an unbounded +affection for Kurginwere sitting at tea in Dlokhovs front +room. + +In his large study, the walls of which were hung to the ceiling with +Persian rugs, bearskins, and weapons, sat Dlokhov in a traveling cloak +and high boots, at an open desk on which lay an abacus and some bundles +of paper money. Anatole, with uniform unbuttoned, walked to and fro from +the room where the witnesses were sitting, through the study to the room +behind, where his French valet and others were packing the last of his +things. Dlokhov was counting the money and noting something down. + +Well, he said, Khvstikov must have two thousand. + +Give it to him, then, said Anatole. + +Makrka (their name for Makrin) will go through fire and +water for you for nothing. So here are our accounts all settled, said +Dlokhov, showing him the memorandum. Is that right? + +Yes, of course, returned Anatole, evidently not listening to +Dlokhov and looking straight before him with a smile that did not +leave his face. + +Dlokhov banged down the lid of his desk and turned to Anatole with an +ironic smile + +Do you know? Youd really better drop it all. Theres still +time! + +Fool, retorted Anatole. Dont talk nonsense! If you only +knew... its the devil knows what! + +No, really, give it up! said Dlokhov. I am speaking +seriously. Its no joke, this plot youve hatched. + +What, teasing again? Go to the devil! Eh? said Anatole, making a +grimace. Really its no time for your stupid jokes, and he left +the room. + +Dlokhov smiled contemptuously and condescendingly when Anatole had +gone out. + +You wait a bit, he called after him. Im not joking, Im +talking sense. Come here, come here! + +Anatole returned and looked at Dlokhov, trying to give him his +attention and evidently submitting to him involuntarily. + +Now listen to me. Im telling you this for the last time. Why +should I joke about it? Did I hinder you? Who arranged everything for +you? Who found the priest and got the passport? Who raised the money? I +did it all. + +Well, thank you for it. Do you think I am not grateful? And +Anatole sighed and embraced Dlokhov. + +I helped you, but all the same I must tell you the truth it is a +dangerous business, and if you think about ita stupid business. Well, +youll carry her offall right! Will they let it stop at that? It +will come out that youre already married. Why, theyll have you in +the criminal court.... + +Oh, nonsense, nonsense! Anatole ejaculated and again made a +grimace. Didnt I explain to you? What? And Anatole, with the +partiality dull-witted people have for any conclusion they have reached +by their own reasoning, repeated the argument he had already put to +Dlokhov a hundred times. Didnt I explain to you that I have come +to this conclusion if this marriage is invalid, he went on, crooking +one finger, then I have nothing to answer for but if it is valid, no +matter! Abroad no one will know anything about it. Isnt that so? And +dont talk to me, dont, dont. + +Seriously, youd better drop it! Youll only get yourself into a +mess! + +Go to the devil! cried Anatole and, clutching his hair, left the +room, but returned at once and dropped into an armchair in front of +Dlokhov with his feet turned under him. Its the very devil! +What? Feel how it beats! He took Dlokhovs hand and put it on his +heart. What a foot, my dear fellow! What a glance! A goddess! he +added in French. What? + +Dlokhov with a cold smile and a gleam in his handsome insolent eyes +looked at himevidently wishing to get some more amusement out of him. + +Well and when the moneys gone, what then? + +What then? Eh? repeated Anatole, sincerely perplexed by a thought +of the future. What then?... Then, I dont know.... But why talk +nonsense! He glanced at his watch. Its time! + +Anatole went into the back room. + +Now then! Nearly ready? Youre dawdling! he shouted to the +servants. + +Dlokhov put away the money, called a footman whom he ordered to bring +something for them to eat and drink before the journey, and went into +the room where Khvstikov and Makrin were sitting. + +Anatole lay on the sofa in the study leaning on his elbow and smiling +pensively, while his handsome lips muttered tenderly to himself. + +Come and eat something. Have a drink! Dlokhov shouted to him +from the other room. + +I dont want to, answered Anatole continuing to smile. + +Come! Balag is here. + +Anatole rose and went into the dining room. Balag was a famous troyka +driver who had known Dlokhov and Anatole some six years and had given +them good service with his troykas. More than once when Anatoles +regiment was stationed at Tver he had taken him from Tver in the +evening, brought him to Moscow by daybreak, and driven him back again +the next night. More than once he had enabled Dlokhov to escape when +pursued. More than once he had driven them through the town with gypsies +and ladykins as he called the cocottes. More than once in their +service he had run over pedestrians and upset vehicles in the streets +of Moscow and had always been protected from the consequences by my +gentlemen as he called them. He had ruined more than one horse in +their service. More than once they had beaten him, and more than once +they had made him drunk on champagne and Madeira, which he loved and +he knew more than one thing about each of them which would long ago have +sent an ordinary man to Siberia. They often called Balag into their +orgies and made him drink and dance at the gypsies, and more than one +thousand rubles of their money had passed through his hands. In their +service he risked his skin and his life twenty times a year, and in +their service had lost more horses than the money he had from them would +buy. But he liked them liked that mad driving at twelve miles an hour, +liked upsetting a driver or running down a pedestrian, and flying at +full gallop through the Moscow streets. He liked to hear those wild, +tipsy shouts behind him Get on! Get on! when it was impossible +to go any faster. He liked giving a painful lash on the neck to some +peasant who, more dead than alive, was already hurrying out of his way. +Real gentlemen! he considered them. + +Anatole and Dlokhov liked Balag too for his masterly driving and +because he liked the things they liked. With others Balag bargained, +charging twenty-five rubles for a two hours drive, and rarely +drove himself, generally letting his young men do so. But with his +gentlemen he always drove himself and never demanded anything for +his work. Only a couple of times a yearwhen he knew from their valets +that they had money in handhe would turn up of a morning quite sober +and with a deep bow would ask them to help him. The gentlemen always +made him sit down. + +Do help me out, Theodore Ivnych, sir, or your excellency, +he would say. I am quite out of horses. Let me have what you can to +go to the fair. + +And Anatole and Dlokhov, when they had money, would give him a +thousand or a couple of thousand rubles. + +Balag was a fair-haired, short, and snub-nosed peasant of about +twenty-seven red-faced, with a particularly red thick neck, glittering +little eyes, and a small beard. He wore a fine, dark-blue, silk-lined +cloth coat over a sheepskin. + +On entering the room now he crossed himself, turning toward the front +corner of the room, and went up to Dlokhov, holding out a small, black +hand. + +Theodore Ivnych! he said, bowing. + +How dyou do, friend? Well, here he is! + +Good day, your excellency! he said, again holding out his hand to +Anatole who had just come in. + +I say, Balag, said Anatole, putting his hands on the mans +shoulders, do you care for me or not? Eh? Now, do me a service.... +What horses have you come with? Eh? + +As your messenger ordered, your special beasts, replied Balag. + +Well, listen, Balag! Drive all three to death but get me there in +three hours. Eh? + +When they are dead, what shall I drive? said Balag with a wink. + +Mind, Ill smash your face in! Dont make jokes! cried +Anatole, suddenly rolling his eyes. + +Why joke? said the driver, laughing. As if Id grudge my +gentlemen anything! As fast as ever the horses can gallop, so fast +well go! + +Ah! said Anatole. Well, sit down. + +Yes, sit down! said Dlokhov. + +Ill stand, Theodore Ivnych. + +Sit down nonsense! Have a drink! said Anatole, and filled a large +glass of Madeira for him. + +The drivers eyes sparkled at the sight of the wine. After refusing +it for manners sake, he drank it and wiped his mouth with a red silk +handkerchief he took out of his cap. + +And when are we to start, your excellency? + +Well... Anatole looked at his watch. Well start at once. +Mind, Balag! Youll get there in time? Eh? + +That depends on our luck in starting, else why shouldnt we be +there in time? replied Balag. Didnt we get you to Tver in +seven hours? I think you remember that, your excellency? + +Do you know, one Christmas I drove from Tver, said Anatole, +smilingly at the recollection and turning to Makrin who gazed +rapturously at him with wide-open eyes. Will you believe it, +Makrka, it took ones breath away, the rate we flew. We came across +a train of loaded sleighs and drove right over two of them. Eh? + +Those were horses! Balag continued the tale. That time Id +harnessed two young side horses with the bay in the shafts, he went +on, turning to Dlokhov. Will you believe it, Theodore Ivnych, +those animals flew forty miles? I couldnt hold them in, my hands grew +numb in the sharp frost so that I threw down the reinsCatch hold +yourself, your excellency! says I, and I just tumbled on the bottom +of the sleigh and sprawled there. It wasnt a case of urging them on, +there was no holding them in till we reached the place. The devils took +us there in three hours! Only the near one died of it. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Anatole went out of the room and returned a few minutes later wearing +a fur coat girt with a silver belt, and a sable cap jauntily set on one +side and very becoming to his handsome face. Having looked in a mirror, +and standing before Dlokhov in the same pose he had assumed before it, +he lifted a glass of wine. + +Well, good-by, Theodore. Thank you for everything and farewell! said +Anatole. Well, comrades and friends... he considered for a moment ... +of my youth, farewell! he said, turning to Makrin and the others. + +Though they were all going with him, Anatole evidently wished to make +something touching and solemn out of this address to his comrades. He +spoke slowly in a loud voice and throwing out his chest slightly swayed +one leg. + +All take glasses you too, Balag. Well, comrades and friends of my +youth, weve had our fling and lived and reveled. Eh? And now, when +shall we meet again? I am going abroad. We have had a good timenow +farewell, lads! To our health! Hurrah!... he cried, and emptying his +glass flung it on the floor. + +To your health! said Balag who also emptied his glass, and wiped his +mouth with his handkerchief. + +Makrin embraced Anatole with tears in his eyes. + +Ah, Prince, how sorry I am to part from you! + +Lets go. Lets go! cried Anatole. + +Balag was about to leave the room. + +No, stop! said Anatole. Shut the door we have first to sit down. +Thats the way. + +They shut the door and all sat down. + +Now, quick march, lads! said Anatole, rising. + +Joseph, his valet, handed him his sabretache and saber, and they all +went out into the vestibule. + +And wheres the fur cloak? asked Dlokhov. Hey, Igntka! Go to +Matrna Matrvna and ask her for the sable cloak. I have heard what +elopements are like, continued Dlokhov with a wink. Why, shell rush +out more dead than alive just in the things she is wearing if you delay +at all therell be tears and Papa and Mamma, and shes frozen in a +minute and must go backbut you wrap the fur cloak round her first thing +and carry her to the sleigh. + +The valet brought a womans fox-lined cloak. + +Fool, I told you the sable one! Hey, Matrna, the sable! he shouted so +that his voice rang far through the rooms. + +A handsome, slim, and pale-faced gypsy girl with glittering black eyes +and curly blue-black hair, wearing a red shawl, ran out with a sable +mantle on her arm. + +Here, I dont grudge ittake it! she said, evidently afraid of her +master and yet regretful of her cloak. + +Dlokhov, without answering, took the cloak, threw it over Matrna, and +wrapped her up in it. + +Thats the way, said Dlokhov, and then so! and he turned the collar +up round her head, leaving only a little of the face uncovered. And +then so, do you see? and he pushed Anatoles head forward to meet the +gap left by the collar, through which Matrnas brilliant smile was +seen. + +Well, good-by, Matrna, said Anatole, kissing her. Ah, my revels here +are over. Remember me to Stshka. There, good-by! Good-by, Matrna, wish +me luck! + +Well, Prince, may God give you great luck! said Matrna in her gypsy +accent. + +Two troykas were standing before the porch and two young drivers were +holding the horses. Balag took his seat in the front one and holding +his elbows high arranged the reins deliberately. Anatole and Dlokhov +got in with him. Makrin, Khvstikov, and a valet seated themselves in +the other sleigh. + +Well, are you ready? asked Balag. + +Go! he cried, twisting the reins round his hands, and the troyka tore +down the Niktski Boulevard. + +Tproo! Get out of the way! Hi!... Tproo!... The shouting of Balag +and of the sturdy young fellow seated on the box was all that could +be heard. On the Arbt Square the troyka caught against a carriage +something cracked, shouts were heard, and the troyka flew along the +Arbt Street. + +After taking a turn along the Podnovnski Boulevard, Balag began to +rein in, and turning back drew up at the crossing of the old Konysheny +Street. + +The young fellow on the box jumped down to hold the horses and Anatole +and Dlokhov went along the pavement. When they reached the gate +Dlokhov whistled. The whistle was answered, and a maidservant ran out. + +Come into the courtyard or youll be seen shell come out directly, +said she. + +Dlokhov stayed by the gate. Anatole followed the maid into the +courtyard, turned the corner, and ran up into the porch. + +He was met by Gabriel, Mrya Dmtrievnas gigantic footman. + +Come to the mistress, please, said the footman in his deep bass, +intercepting any retreat. + +To what Mistress? Who are you? asked Anatole in a breathless whisper. + +Kindly step in, my orders are to bring you in. + +Kurgin! Come back! shouted Dlokhov. Betrayed! Back! + +Dlokhov, after Anatole entered, had remained at the wicket gate and was +struggling with the yard porter who was trying to lock it. With a last +desperate effort Dlokhov pushed the porter aside, and when Anatole ran +back seized him by the arm, pulled him through the wicket, and ran back +with him to the troyka. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +Mrya Dmtrievna, having found Snya weeping in the corridor, made her +confess everything, and intercepting the note to Natsha she read it and +went into Natshas room with it in her hand. + +You shameless good-for-nothing! said she. I wont hear a word. + +Pushing back Natsha who looked at her with astonished but tearless +eyes, she locked her in and having given orders to the yard porter to +admit the persons who would be coming that evening, but not to let them +out again, and having told the footman to bring them up to her, she +seated herself in the drawing room to await the abductors. + +When Gabriel came to inform her that the men who had come had run +away again, she rose frowning, and clasping her hands behind her paced +through the rooms a long time considering what she should do. Toward +midnight she went to Natshas room fingering the key in her pocket. +Snya was sitting sobbing in the corridor. Mrya Dmtrievna, for Gods +sake let me in to her! she pleaded, but Mrya Dmtrievna unlocked +the door and went in without giving her an answer.... Disgusting, +abominable... In my house... horrid girl, hussy! Im only sorry for her +father! thought she, trying to restrain her wrath. Hard as it may +be, Ill tell them all to hold their tongues and will hide it from the +count. She entered the room with resolute steps. Natsha lying on the +sofa, her head hidden in her hands, and she did not stir. She was in +just the same position in which Mrya Dmtrievna had left her. + +A nice girl! Very nice! said Mrya Dmtrievna. Arranging meetings +with lovers in my house! Its no use pretending you listen when I speak +to you! And Mrya Dmtrievna touched her arm. Listen when I speak! +Youve disgraced yourself like the lowest of hussies. Id treat you +differently, but Im sorry for your father, so I will conceal it. + +Natsha did not change her position, but her whole body heaved with +noiseless, convulsive sobs which choked her. Mrya Dmtrievna glanced +round at Snya and seated herself on the sofa beside Natsha. + +Its lucky for him that he escaped me but Ill find him! she said in +her rough voice. Do you hear what I am saying or not? she added. + +She put her large hand under Natshas face and turned it toward her. +Both Mrya Dmtrievna and Snya were amazed when they saw how Natsha +looked. Her eyes were dry and glistening, her lips compressed, her +cheeks sunken. + +Let me be!... What is it to me?... I shall die! she muttered, +wrenching herself from Mrya Dmtrievnas hands with a vicious effort +and sinking down again into her former position. + +Natalie! said Mrya Dmtrievna. I wish for your good. Lie still, +stay like that then, I wont touch you. But listen. I wont tell you how +guilty you are. You know that yourself. But when your father comes back +tomorrow what am I to tell him? Eh? + +Again Natshas body shook with sobs. + +Suppose he finds out, and your brother, and your betrothed? + +I have no betrothed I have refused him! cried Natsha. + +Thats all the same, continued Mrya Dmtrievna. If they hear of +this, will they let it pass? He, your father, I know him... if he +challenges him to a duel will that be all right? Eh? + +Oh, let me be! Why have you interfered at all? Why? Why? Who asked +you to? shouted Natsha, raising herself on the sofa and looking +malignantly at Mrya Dmtrievna. + +But what did you want? cried Mrya Dmtrievna, growing angry again. +Were you kept under lock and key? Who hindered his coming to the house? +Why carry you off as if you were some gypsy singing girl?... Well, if he +had carried you off... do you think they wouldnt have found him? +Your father, or brother, or your betrothed? And hes a scoundrel, a +wretchthats a fact! + +He is better than any of you! exclaimed Natsha getting up. If you +hadnt interfered... Oh, my God! What is it all? What is it? Snya, +why?... Go away! + +And she burst into sobs with the despairing vehemence with which people +bewail disasters they feel they have themselves occasioned. Mrya +Dmtrievna was to speak again but Natsha cried out + +Go away! Go away! You all hate and despise me! and she threw herself +back on the sofa. + +Mrya Dmtrievna went on admonishing her for some time, enjoining on her +that it must all be kept from her father and assuring her that nobody +would know anything about it if only Natsha herself would undertake +to forget it all and not let anyone see that something had happened. +Natsha did not reply, nor did she sob any longer, but she grew cold +and had a shivering fit. Mrya Dmtrievna put a pillow under her head, +covered her with two quilts, and herself brought her some lime-flower +water, but Natsha did not respond to her. + +Well, let her sleep, said Mrya Dmtrievna as she went out of the room +supposing Natsha to be asleep. + +But Natsha was not asleep with pale face and fixed wide-open eyes she +looked straight before her. All that night she did not sleep or weep and +did not speak to Snya who got up and went to her several times. + +Next day Count Rostv returned from his estate near Moscow in time for +lunch as he had promised. He was in very good spirits the affair with +the purchaser was going on satisfactorily, and there was nothing to keep +him any longer in Moscow, away from the countess whom he missed. Mrya +Dmtrievna met him and told him that Natsha had been very unwell the +day before and that they had sent for the doctor, but that she was +better now. Natsha had not left her room that morning. With compressed +and parched lips and dry fixed eyes, she sat at the window, uneasily +watching the people who drove past and hurriedly glancing round at +anyone who entered the room. She was evidently expecting news of him and +that he would come or would write to her. + +When the count came to see her she turned anxiously round at the sound +of a mans footstep, and then her face resumed its cold and malevolent +expression. She did not even get up to greet him. What is the matter +with you, my angel? Are you ill? asked the count. + +After a moments silence Natsha answered Yes, ill. + +In reply to the counts anxious inquiries as to why she was so dejected +and whether anything had happened to her betrothed, she assured him +that nothing had happened and asked him not to worry. Mrya Dmtrievna +confirmed Natshas assurances that nothing had happened. From +the pretense of illness, from his daughters distress, and by the +embarrassed faces of Snya and Mrya Dmtrievna, the count saw clearly +that something had gone wrong during his absence, but it was so terrible +for him to think that anything disgraceful had happened to his beloved +daughter, and he so prized his own cheerful tranquillity, that he +avoided inquiries and tried to assure himself that nothing particularly +had happened and he was only dissatisfied that her indisposition +delayed their return to the country. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +From the day his wife arrived in Moscow Pierre had been intending to go +away somewhere, so as not to be near her. Soon after the Rostvs came +to Moscow the effect Natsha had on him made him hasten to carry out +his intention. He went to Tver to see Joseph Alexevichs widow, who +had long since promised to hand over to him some papers of her deceased +husbands. + +When he returned to Moscow Pierre was handed a letter from Mrya +Dmtrievna asking him to come and see her on a matter of great +importance relating to Andrew Bolknski and his betrothed. Pierre had +been avoiding Natsha because it seemed to him that his feeling for her +was stronger than a married mans should be for his friends fiance. +Yet some fate constantly threw them together. + +What can have happened? And what can they want with me? thought he +as he dressed to go to Mrya Dmtrievnas. If only Prince Andrew would +hurry up and come and marry her! thought he on his way to the house. + +On the Tversky Boulevard a familiar voice called to him. + +Pierre! Been back long? someone shouted. Pierre raised his head. In +a sleigh drawn by two gray trotting-horses that were bespattering the +dashboard with snow, Anatole and his constant companion Makrin dashed +past. Anatole was sitting upright in the classic pose of military +dandies, the lower part of his face hidden by his beaver collar and his +head slightly bent. His face was fresh and rosy, his white-plumed hat, +tilted to one side, disclosed his curled and pomaded hair besprinkled +with powdery snow. + +Yes, indeed, thats a true sage, thought Pierre. He sees nothing +beyond the pleasure of the moment, nothing troubles him and so he is +always cheerful, satisfied, and serene. What wouldnt I give to be like +him! he thought enviously. + +In Mrya Dmtrievnas anteroom the footman who helped him off with his +fur coat said that the mistress asked him to come to her bedroom. + +When he opened the ballroom door Pierre saw Natsha sitting at the +window, with a thin, pale, and spiteful face. She glanced round at him, +frowned, and left the room with an expression of cold dignity. + +What has happened? asked Pierre, entering Mrya Dmtrievnas room. + +Fine doings! answered Dmtrievna. For fifty-eight years have I lived +in this world and never known anything so disgraceful! + +And having put him on his honor not to repeat anything she told him, +Mrya Dmtrievna informed him that Natsha had refused Prince Andrew +without her parents knowledge and that the cause of this was Anatole +Kurgin into whose society Pierres wife had thrown her and with whom +Natsha had tried to elope during her fathers absence, in order to be +married secretly. + +Pierre raised his shoulders and listened open-mouthed to what was told +him, scarcely able to believe his own ears. That Prince Andrews +deeply loved affianced wifethe same Natsha Rostva who used to be so +charmingshould give up Bolknski for that fool Anatole who was already +secretly married (as Pierre knew), and should be so in love with him as +to agree to run away with him, was something Pierre could not conceive +and could not imagine. + +He could not reconcile the charming impression he had of Natsha, whom +he had known from a child, with this new conception of her baseness, +folly, and cruelty. He thought of his wife. They are all alike! he +said to himself, reflecting that he was not the only man unfortunate +enough to be tied to a bad woman. But still he pitied Prince Andrew to +the point of tears and sympathized with his wounded pride, and the more +he pitied his friend the more did he think with contempt and even with +disgust of that Natsha who had just passed him in the ballroom with +such a look of cold dignity. He did not know that Natshas soul was +overflowing with despair, shame, and humiliation, and that it was not +her fault that her face happened to assume an expression of calm dignity +and severity. + +But how get married? said Pierre, in answer to Mrya Dmtrievna. He +could not marryhe is married! + +Things get worse from hour to hour! ejaculated Mrya Dmtrievna. A +nice youth! What a scoundrel! And shes expecting himexpecting him +since yesterday. She must be told! Then at least she wont go on +expecting him. + +After hearing the details of Anatoles marriage from Pierre, and giving +vent to her anger against Anatole in words of abuse, Mrya Dmtrievna +told Pierre why she had sent for him. She was afraid that the count or +Bolknski, who might arrive at any moment, if they knew of this affair +(which she hoped to hide from them) might challenge Anatole to a duel, +and she therefore asked Pierre to tell his brother-in-law in her name to +leave Moscow and not dare to let her set eyes on him again. Pierreonly +now realizing the danger to the old count, Nicholas, and Prince +Andrewpromised to do as she wished. Having briefly and exactly +explained her wishes to him, she let him go to the drawing room. + +Mind, the count knows nothing. Behave as if you know nothing either, +she said. And I will go and tell her it is no use expecting him! And +stay to dinner if you care to! she called after Pierre. + +Pierre met the old count, who seemed nervous and upset. That morning +Natsha had told him that she had rejected Bolknski. + +Troubles, troubles, my dear fellow! he said to Pierre. What troubles +one has with these girls without their mother! I do so regret having +come here.... I will be frank with you. Have you heard she has broken +off her engagement without consulting anybody? Its true this engagement +never was much to my liking. Of course he is an excellent man, but +still, with his fathers disapproval they wouldnt have been happy, and +Natsha wont lack suitors. Still, it has been going on so long, and +to take such a step without fathers or mothers consent! And now shes +ill, and God knows what! Its hard, Count, hard to manage daughters in +their mothers absence.... + +Pierre saw that the count was much upset and tried to change the +subject, but the count returned to his troubles. + +Snya entered the room with an agitated face. + +Natsha is not quite well shes in her room and would like to see you. +Mrya Dmtrievna is with her and she too asks you to come. + +Yes, you are a great friend of Bolknskis, no doubt she wants to send +him a message, said the count. Oh dear! Oh dear! How happy it all +was! + +And clutching the spare gray locks on his temples the count left the +room. + +When Mrya Dmtrievna told Natsha that Anatole was married, Natsha +did not wish to believe it and insisted on having it confirmed by Pierre +himself. Snya told Pierre this as she led him along the corridor to +Natshas room. + +Natsha, pale and stern, was sitting beside Mrya Dmtrievna, and her +eyes, glittering feverishly, met Pierre with a questioning look the +moment he entered. She did not smile or nod, but only gazed fixedly at +him, and her look asked only one thing was he a friend, or like the +others an enemy in regard to Anatole? As for Pierre, he evidently did +not exist for her. + +He knows all about it, said Mrya Dmtrievna pointing to Pierre and +addressing Natsha. Let him tell you whether I have told the truth. + +Natsha looked from one to the other as a hunted and wounded animal +looks at the approaching dogs and sportsmen. + +Natlya Ilynchna, Pierre began, dropping his eyes with a feeling of +pity for her and loathing for the thing he had to do, whether it is +true or not should make no difference to you, because... + +Then it is not true that hes married! + +Yes, it is true. + +Has he been married long? she asked. On your honor?... + +Pierre gave his word of honor. + +Is he still here? she asked, quickly. + +Yes, I have just seen him. + +She was evidently unable to speak and made a sign with her hands that +they should leave her alone. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +Pierre did not stay for dinner, but left the room and went away at once. +He drove through the town seeking Anatole Kurgin, at the thought of +whom now the blood rushed to his heart and he felt a difficulty in +breathing. He was not at the ice hills, nor at the gypsies, nor at +Komonenos. Pierre drove to the Club. In the Club all was going on as +usual. The members who were assembling for dinner were sitting about +in groups they greeted Pierre and spoke of the town news. The footman +having greeted him, knowing his habits and his acquaintances, told him +there was a place left for him in the small dining room and that Prince +Michael Zakhrych was in the library, but Paul Timofevich had not yet +arrived. One of Pierres acquaintances, while they were talking about +the weather, asked if he had heard of Kurgins abduction of Rostva +which was talked of in the town, and was it true? Pierre laughed and +said it was nonsense for he had just come from the Rostvs. He asked +everyone about Anatole. One man told him he had not come yet, and +another that he was coming to dinner. Pierre felt it strange to see this +calm, indifferent crowd of people unaware of what was going on in his +soul. He paced through the ballroom, waited till everyone had come, and +as Anatole had not turned up did not stay for dinner but drove home. + +Anatole, for whom Pierre was looking, dined that day with Dlokhov, +consulting him as to how to remedy this unfortunate affair. It seemed to +him essential to see Natsha. In the evening he drove to his sisters +to discuss with her how to arrange a meeting. When Pierre returned home +after vainly hunting all over Moscow, his valet informed him that Prince +Anatole was with the countess. The countess drawing room was full of +guests. + +Pierre without greeting his wife whom he had not seen since his +returnat that moment she was more repulsive to him than everentered +the drawing room and seeing Anatole went up to him. + +Ah, Pierre, said the countess going up to her husband. You dont know +what a plight our Anatole... + +She stopped, seeing in the forward thrust of her husbands head, in his +glowing eyes and his resolute gait, the terrible indications of that +rage and strength which she knew and had herself experienced after his +duel with Dlokhov. + +Where you are, there is vice and evil! said Pierre to his wife. +Anatole, come with me! I must speak to you, he added in French. + +Anatole glanced round at his sister and rose submissively, ready to +follow Pierre. Pierre, taking him by the arm, pulled him toward himself +and was leading him from the room. + +If you allow yourself in my drawing room... whispered Hlne, but +Pierre did not reply and went out of the room. + +Anatole followed him with his usual jaunty step but his face betrayed +anxiety. + +Having entered his study Pierre closed the door and addressed Anatole +without looking at him. + +You promised Countess Rostva to marry her and were about to elope with +her, is that so? + +Mon cher, answered Anatole (their whole conversation was in French), +I dont consider myself bound to answer questions put to me in that +tone. + +Pierres face, already pale, became distorted by fury. He seized Anatole +by the collar of his uniform with his big hand and shook him from side +to side till Anatoles face showed a sufficient degree of terror. + +When I tell you that I must talk to you!... repeated Pierre. + +Come now, this is stupid. What? said Anatole, fingering a button of +his collar that had been wrenched loose with a bit of the cloth. + +Youre a scoundrel and a blackguard, and I dont know what deprives +me from the pleasure of smashing your head with this! said Pierre, +expressing himself so artificially because he was talking French. + +He took a heavy paperweight and lifted it threateningly, but at once put +it back in its place. + +Did you promise to marry her? + +I... I didnt think of it. I never promised, because... + +Pierre interrupted him. + +Have you any letters of hers? Any letters? he said, moving toward +Anatole. + +Anatole glanced at him and immediately thrust his hand into his pocket +and drew out his pocketbook. + +Pierre took the letter Anatole handed him and, pushing aside a table +that stood in his way, threw himself on the sofa. + +I shant be violent, dont be afraid! said Pierre in answer to a +frightened gesture of Anatoles. First, the letters, said he, as if +repeating a lesson to himself. Secondly, he continued after a short +pause, again rising and again pacing the room, tomorrow you must get +out of Moscow. + +But how can I?... + +Thirdly, Pierre continued without listening to him, you must never +breathe a word of what has passed between you and Countess Rostva. +I know I cant prevent your doing so, but if you have a spark of +conscience... Pierre paced the room several times in silence. + +Anatole sat at a table frowning and biting his lips. + +After all, you must understand that besides your pleasure there is such +a thing as other peoples happiness and peace, and that you are ruining +a whole life for the sake of amusing yourself! Amuse yourself with women +like my wifewith them you are within your rights, for they know what +you want of them. They are armed against you by the same experience +of debauchery but to promise a maid to marry her... to deceive, to +kidnap.... Dont you understand that it is as mean as beating an old man +or a child?... + +Pierre paused and looked at Anatole no longer with an angry but with a +questioning look. + +I dont know about that, eh? said Anatole, growing more confident as +Pierre mastered his wrath. I dont know that and dont want to, he +said, not looking at Pierre and with a slight tremor of his lower jaw, +but you have used such words to memean and so onwhich as a man of +honor I cant allow anyone to use. + +Pierre glanced at him with amazement, unable to understand what he +wanted. + +Though it was tte--tte, Anatole continued, still I cant... + +Is it satisfaction you want? said Pierre ironically. + +You could at least take back your words. What? If you want me to do as +you wish, eh? + +I take them back, I take them back! said Pierre, and I ask you to +forgive me. Pierre involuntarily glanced at the loose button. And if +you require money for your journey... + +Anatole smiled. The expression of that base and cringing smile, which +Pierre knew so well in his wife, revolted him. + +Oh, vile and heartless brood! he exclaimed, and left the room. + +Next day Anatole left for Petersburg. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +Pierre drove to Mrya Dmtrievnas to tell her of the fulfillment of her +wish that Kurgin should be banished from Moscow. The whole house was in +a state of alarm and commotion. Natsha was very ill, having, as Mrya +Dmtrievna told him in secret, poisoned herself the night after she had +been told that Anatole was married, with some arsenic she had stealthily +procured. After swallowing a little she had been so frightened that she +woke Snya and told her what she had done. The necessary antidotes had +been administered in time and she was now out of danger, though still so +weak that it was out of the question to move her to the country, and +so the countess had been sent for. Pierre saw the distracted count, and +Snya, who had a tear-stained face, but he could not see Natsha. + +Pierre dined at the club that day and heard on all sides gossip about +the attempted abduction of Rostva. He resolutely denied these +rumors, assuring everyone that nothing had happened except that his +brother-in-law had proposed to her and been refused. It seemed to +Pierre that it was his duty to conceal the whole affair and re-establish +Natshas reputation. + +He was awaiting Prince Andrews return with dread and went every day to +the old princes for news of him. + +Old Prince Bolknski heard all the rumors current in the town from +Mademoiselle Bourienne and had read the note to Princess Mary in which +Natsha had broken off her engagement. He seemed in better spirits than +usual and awaited his son with great impatience. + +Some days after Anatoles departure Pierre received a note from Prince +Andrew, informing him of his arrival and asking him to come to see him. + +As soon as he reached Moscow, Prince Andrew had received from his +father Natshas note to Princess Mary breaking off her engagement +(Mademoiselle Bourienne had purloined it from Princess Mary and given +it to the old prince), and he heard from him the story of Natshas +elopement, with additions. + +Prince Andrew had arrived in the evening and Pierre came to see him next +morning. Pierre expected to find Prince Andrew in almost the same state +as Natsha and was therefore surprised on entering the drawing room +to hear him in the study talking in a loud animated voice about some +intrigue going on in Petersburg. The old princes voice and another now +and then interrupted him. Princess Mary came out to meet Pierre. She +sighed, looking toward the door of the room where Prince Andrew was, +evidently intending to express her sympathy with his sorrow, but Pierre +saw by her face that she was glad both at what had happened and at the +way her brother had taken the news of Natshas faithlessness. + +He says he expected it, she remarked. I know his pride will not let +him express his feelings, but still he has taken it better, far better, +than I expected. Evidently it had to be.... + +But is it possible that all is really ended? asked Pierre. + +Princess Mary looked at him with astonishment. She did not understand +how he could ask such a question. Pierre went into the study. Prince +Andrew, greatly changed and plainly in better health, but with a fresh +horizontal wrinkle between his brows, stood in civilian dress facing +his father and Prince Meshchrski, warmly disputing and vigorously +gesticulating. The conversation was about Spernskithe news of whose +sudden exile and alleged treachery had just reached Moscow. + +Now he is censured and accused by all who were enthusiastic about him +a month ago, Prince Andrew was saying, and by those who were unable to +understand his aims. To judge a man who is in disfavor and to throw on +him all the blame of other mens mistakes is very easy, but I maintain +that if anything good has been accomplished in this reign it was done by +him, by him alone. + +He paused at the sight of Pierre. His face quivered and immediately +assumed a vindictive expression. + +Posterity will do him justice, he concluded, and at once turned to +Pierre. + +Well, how are you? Still getting stouter? he said with animation, but +the new wrinkle on his forehead deepened. Yes, I am well, he said in +answer to Pierres question, and smiled. + +To Pierre that smile said plainly I am well, but my health is now of +no use to anyone. + +After a few words to Pierre about the awful roads from the Polish +frontier, about people he had met in Switzerland who knew Pierre, and +about M. Dessalles, whom he had brought from abroad to be his sons +tutor, Prince Andrew again joined warmly in the conversation about +Spernski which was still going on between the two old men. + +If there were treason, or proofs of secret relations with Napoleon, +they would have been made public, he said with warmth and haste. I do +not, and never did, like Spernski personally, but I like justice! + +Pierre now recognized in his friend a need with which he was only too +familiar, to get excited and to have arguments about extraneous matters +in order to stifle thoughts that were too oppressive and too intimate. +When Prince Meshchrski had left, Prince Andrew took Pierres arm and +asked him into the room that had been assigned him. A bed had been made +up there, and some open portmanteaus and trunks stood about. Prince +Andrew went to one and took out a small casket, from which he drew a +packet wrapped in paper. He did it all silently and very quickly. He +stood up and coughed. His face was gloomy and his lips compressed. + +Forgive me for troubling you.... + +Pierre saw that Prince Andrew was going to speak of Natsha, and his +broad face expressed pity and sympathy. This expression irritated Prince +Andrew, and in a determined, ringing, and unpleasant tone he continued + +I have received a refusal from Countess Rostva and have heard reports +of your brother-in-law having sought her hand, or something of that +kind. Is that true? + +Both true and untrue, Pierre began but Prince Andrew interrupted him. + +Here are her letters and her portrait, said he. + +He took the packet from the table and handed it to Pierre. + +Give this to the countess... if you see her. + +She is very ill, said Pierre. + +Then she is here still? said Prince Andrew. And Prince Kurgin? he +added quickly. + +He left long ago. She has been at deaths door. + +I much regret her illness, said Prince Andrew and he smiled like his +father, coldly, maliciously, and unpleasantly. + +So Monsieur Kurgin has not honored Countess Rostva with his hand? +said Prince Andrew, and he snorted several times. + +He could not marry, for he was married already, said Pierre. + +Prince Andrew laughed disagreeably, again reminding one of his father. + +And where is your brother-in-law now, if I may ask? he said. + +He has gone to Peters... But I dont know, said Pierre. + +Well, it doesnt matter, said Prince Andrew. Tell Countess Rostva +that she was and is perfectly free and that I wish her all that is +good. + +Pierre took the packet. Prince Andrew, as if trying to remember whether +he had something more to say, or waiting to see if Pierre would say +anything, looked fixedly at him. + +I say, do you remember our discussion in Petersburg? asked Pierre, +about... + +Yes, returned Prince Andrew hastily. I said that a fallen woman +should be forgiven, but I didnt say I could forgive her. I cant. + +But can this be compared...? said Pierre. + +Prince Andrew interrupted him and cried sharply Yes, ask her hand +again, be magnanimous, and so on?... Yes, that would be very noble, but +I am unable to follow in that gentlemans footsteps. If you wish to be +my friend never speak to me of that... of all that! Well, good-by. So +youll give her the packet? + +Pierre left the room and went to the old prince and Princess Mary. + +The old man seemed livelier than usual. Princess Mary was the same as +always, but beneath her sympathy for her brother, Pierre noticed her +satisfaction that the engagement had been broken off. Looking at them +Pierre realized what contempt and animosity they all felt for the +Rostvs, and that it was impossible in their presence even to mention +the name of her who could give up Prince Andrew for anyone else. + +At dinner the talk turned on the war, the approach of which was becoming +evident. Prince Andrew talked incessantly, arguing now with his father, +now with the Swiss tutor Dessalles, and showing an unnatural animation, +the cause of which Pierre so well understood. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +That same evening Pierre went to the Rostvs to fulfill the commission +entrusted to him. Natsha was in bed, the count at the club, and Pierre, +after giving the letters to Snya, went to Mrya Dmtrievna who was +interested to know how Prince Andrew had taken the news. Ten minutes +later Snya came to Mrya Dmtrievna. + +Natsha insists on seeing Count Peter Kirlovich, said she. + +But how? Are we to take him up to her? The room there has not been +tidied up. + +No, she has dressed and gone into the drawing room, said Snya. + +Mrya Dmtrievna only shrugged her shoulders. + +When will her mother come? She has worried me to death! Now mind, dont +tell her everything! said she to Pierre. One hasnt the heart to scold +her, she is so much to be pitied, so much to be pitied. + +Natsha was standing in the middle of the drawing room, emaciated, with +a pale set face, but not at all shamefaced as Pierre expected to find +her. When he appeared at the door she grew flurried, evidently undecided +whether to go to meet him or to wait till he came up. + +Pierre hastened to her. He thought she would give him her hand as +usual but she, stepping up to him, stopped, breathing heavily, her arms +hanging lifelessly just in the pose she used to stand in when she +went to the middle of the ballroom to sing, but with quite a different +expression of face. + +Peter Kirlovich, she began rapidly, Prince Bolknski was your +friendis your friend, she corrected herself. (It seemed to her that +everything that had once been must now be different.) He told me once +to apply to you... + +Pierre sniffed as he looked at her, but did not speak. Till then he had +reproached her in his heart and tried to despise her, but he now felt so +sorry for her that there was no room in his soul for reproach. + +He is here now tell him... to for... forgive me! She stopped and +breathed still more quickly, but did not shed tears. + +Yes... I will tell him, answered Pierre but... + +He did not know what to say. + +Natsha was evidently dismayed at the thought of what he might think she +had meant. + +No, I know all is over, she said hurriedly. No, that can never be. +Im only tormented by the wrong I have done him. Tell him only that I +beg him to forgive, forgive, forgive me for everything.... + +She trembled all over and sat down on a chair. + +A sense of pity he had never before known overflowed Pierres heart. + +I will tell him, I will tell him everything once more, said Pierre. +But... I should like to know one thing.... + +Know what? Natshas eyes asked. + +I should like to know, did you love... Pierre did not know how to +refer to Anatole and flushed at the thought of himdid you love that +bad man? + +Dont call him bad! said Natsha. But I dont know, dont know at +all.... + +She began to cry and a still greater sense of pity, tenderness, and love +welled up in Pierre. He felt the tears trickle under his spectacles and +hoped they would not be noticed. + +We wont speak of it any more, my dear, said Pierre, and his gentle, +cordial tone suddenly seemed very strange to Natsha. + +We wont speak of it, my dearIll tell him everything but one thing +I beg of you, consider me your friend and if you want help, advice, +or simply to open your heart to someonenot now, but when your mind is +clearer think of me! He took her hand and kissed it. I shall be happy +if its in my power... + +Pierre grew confused. + +Dont speak to me like that. I am not worth it! exclaimed Natsha and +turned to leave the room, but Pierre held her hand. + +He knew he had something more to say to her. But when he said it he was +amazed at his own words. + +Stop, stop! You have your whole life before you, said he to her. + +Before me? No! All is over for me, she replied with shame and +self-abasement. + +All over? he repeated. If I were not myself, but the handsomest, +cleverest, and best man in the world, and were free, I would this moment +ask on my knees for your hand and your love! + +For the first time for many days Natsha wept tears of gratitude and +tenderness, and glancing at Pierre she went out of the room. + +Pierre too when she had gone almost ran into the anteroom, restraining +tears of tenderness and joy that choked him, and without finding the +sleeves of his fur cloak threw it on and got into his sleigh. + +Where to now, your excellency? asked the coachman. + +Where to? Pierre asked himself. Where can I go now? Surely not to the +Club or to pay calls? All men seemed so pitiful, so poor, in comparison +with this feeling of tenderness and love he experienced in comparison +with that softened, grateful, last look she had given him through her +tears. + +Home! said Pierre, and despite twenty-two degrees of frost Fahrenheit +he threw open the bearskin cloak from his broad chest and inhaled the +air with joy. + +It was clear and frosty. Above the dirty, ill-lit streets, above the +black roofs, stretched the dark starry sky. Only looking up at the sky +did Pierre cease to feel how sordid and humiliating were all mundane +things compared with the heights to which his soul had just been raised. +At the entrance to the Arbt Square an immense expanse of dark starry +sky presented itself to his eyes. Almost in the center of it, above the +Prechstenka Boulevard, surrounded and sprinkled on all sides by stars +but distinguished from them all by its nearness to the earth, its white +light, and its long uplifted tail, shone the enormous and brilliant +comet of 1812the comet which was said to portend all kinds of woes +and the end of the world. In Pierre, however, that comet with its long +luminous tail aroused no feeling of fear. On the contrary he gazed +joyfully, his eyes moist with tears, at this bright comet which, having +traveled in its orbit with inconceivable velocity through immeasurable +space, seemed suddenlylike an arrow piercing the earthto remain +fixed in a chosen spot, vigorously holding its tail erect, shining and +displaying its white light amid countless other scintillating stars. It +seemed to Pierre that this comet fully responded to what was passing in +his own softened and uplifted soul, now blossoming into a new life. + + + + + +BOOK NINE 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +From the close of the year 1811 intensified arming and concentrating of +the forces of Western Europe began, and in 1812 these forcesmillions +of men, reckoning those transporting and feeding the armymoved from the +west eastwards to the Russian frontier, toward which since 1811 Russian +forces had been similarly drawn. On the twelfth of June, 1812, the +forces of Western Europe crossed the Russian frontier and war began, +that is, an event took place opposed to human reason and to human +nature. Millions of men perpetrated against one another such innumerable +crimes, frauds, treacheries, thefts, forgeries, issues of false money, +burglaries, incendiarisms, and murders as in whole centuries are not +recorded in the annals of all the law courts of the world, but which +those who committed them did not at the time regard as being crimes. + +What produced this extraordinary occurrence? What were its causes? The +historians tell us with nave assurance that its causes were the wrongs +inflicted on the Duke of Oldenburg, the nonobservance of the Continental +System, the ambition of Napoleon, the firmness of Alexander, the +mistakes of the diplomatists, and so on. + +Consequently, it would only have been necessary for Metternich, +Rumyntsev, or Talleyrand, between a levee and an evening party, to have +taken proper pains and written a more adroit note, or for Napoleon to +have written to Alexander My respected Brother, I consent to restore +the duchy to the Duke of Oldenburgand there would have been no war. + +We can understand that the matter seemed like that to contemporaries. +It naturally seemed to Napoleon that the war was caused by Englands +intrigues (as in fact he said on the island of St. Helena). It naturally +seemed to members of the English Parliament that the cause of the war +was Napoleons ambition to the Duke of Oldenburg, that the cause of the +war was the violence done to him to businessmen that the cause of the +war was the Continental System which was ruining Europe to the generals +and old soldiers that the chief reason for the war was the necessity of +giving them employment to the legitimists of that day that it was the +need of re-establishing les bons principes, and to the diplomatists of +that time that it all resulted from the fact that the alliance between +Russia and Austria in 1809 had not been sufficiently well concealed +from Napoleon, and from the awkward wording of Memorandum No. 178. It +is natural that these and a countless and infinite quantity of other +reasons, the number depending on the endless diversity of points +of view, presented themselves to the men of that day but to us, to +posterity who view the thing that happened in all its magnitude and +perceive its plain and terrible meaning, these causes seem insufficient. +To us it is incomprehensible that millions of Christian men killed and +tortured each other either because Napoleon was ambitious or Alexander +was firm, or because Englands policy was astute or the Duke of +Oldenburg wronged. We cannot grasp what connection such circumstances +have with the actual fact of slaughter and violence why because the +Duke was wronged, thousands of men from the other side of Europe killed +and ruined the people of Smolnsk and Moscow and were killed by them. + +To us, their descendants, who are not historians and are not carried +away by the process of research and can therefore regard the event +with unclouded common sense, an incalculable number of causes present +themselves. The deeper we delve in search of these causes the more of +them we find and each separate cause or whole series of causes appears +to us equally valid in itself and equally false by its insignificance +compared to the magnitude of the events, and by its impotenceapart +from the cooperation of all the other coincident causesto occasion the +event. To us, the wish or objection of this or that French corporal to +serve a second term appears as much a cause as Napoleons refusal to +withdraw his troops beyond the Vistula and to restore the duchy of +Oldenburg for had he not wished to serve, and had a second, a third, +and a thousandth corporal and private also refused, there would have +been so many less men in Napoleons army and the war could not have +occurred. + +Had Napoleon not taken offense at the demand that he should withdraw +beyond the Vistula, and not ordered his troops to advance, there would +have been no war but had all his sergeants objected to serving a second +term then also there could have been no war. Nor could there have been +a war had there been no English intrigues and no Duke of Oldenburg, and +had Alexander not felt insulted, and had there not been an autocratic +government in Russia, or a Revolution in France and a subsequent +dictatorship and Empire, or all the things that produced the French +Revolution, and so on. Without each of these causes nothing could have +happened. So all these causesmyriads of causescoincided to bring it +about. And so there was no one cause for that occurrence, but it had +to occur because it had to. Millions of men, renouncing their human +feelings and reason, had to go from west to east to slay their fellows, +just as some centuries previously hordes of men had come from the east +to the west, slaying their fellows. + +The actions of Napoleon and Alexander, on whose words the event seemed +to hang, were as little voluntary as the actions of any soldier who was +drawn into the campaign by lot or by conscription. This could not be +otherwise, for in order that the will of Napoleon and Alexander (on whom +the event seemed to depend) should be carried out, the concurrence of +innumerable circumstances was needed without anyone of which the event +could not have taken place. It was necessary that millions of men in +whose hands lay the real powerthe soldiers who fired, or transported +provisions and gunsshould consent to carry out the will of these weak +individuals, and should have been induced to do so by an infinite number +of diverse and complex causes. + +We are forced to fall back on fatalism as an explanation of irrational +events (that is to say, events the reasonableness of which we do +not understand). The more we try to explain such events in history +reasonably, the more unreasonable and incomprehensible do they become to +us. + +Each man lives for himself, using his freedom to attain his personal +aims, and feels with his whole being that he can now do or abstain from +doing this or that action but as soon as he has done it, that action +performed at a certain moment in time becomes irrevocable and belongs to +history, in which it has not a free but a predestined significance. + +There are two sides to the life of every man, his individual life, which +is the more free the more abstract its interests, and his elemental hive +life in which he inevitably obeys laws laid down for him. + +Man lives consciously for himself, but is an unconscious instrument in +the attainment of the historic, universal, aims of humanity. A deed done +is irrevocable, and its result coinciding in time with the actions of +millions of other men assumes an historic significance. The higher a man +stands on the social ladder, the more people he is connected with +and the more power he has over others, the more evident is the +predestination and inevitability of his every action. + +The kings heart is in the hands of the Lord. + +A king is historys slave. + +History, that is, the unconscious, general, hive life of mankind, uses +every moment of the life of kings as a tool for its own purposes. + +Though Napoleon at that time, in 1812, was more convinced than ever that +it depended on him, verser (ou ne pas verser) le sang de ses peuples +*as Alexander expressed it in the last letter he wrote himhe had never +been so much in the grip of inevitable laws, which compelled him, while +thinking that he was acting on his own volition, to perform for the hive +lifethat is to say, for historywhatever had to be performed. + + * To shed (or not to shed) the blood of his peoples. + + +The people of the west moved eastwards to slay their fellow men, and +by the law of coincidence thousands of minute causes fitted in and +co-ordinated to produce that movement and war reproaches for the +nonobservance of the Continental System, the Duke of Oldenburgs +wrongs, the movement of troops into Prussiaundertaken (as it seemed to +Napoleon) only for the purpose of securing an armed peace, the +French Emperors love and habit of war coinciding with his peoples +inclinations, allurement by the grandeur of the preparations, and the +expenditure on those preparations and the need of obtaining advantages +to compensate for that expenditure, the intoxicating honors he received +in Dresden, the diplomatic negotiations which, in the opinion of +contemporaries, were carried on with a sincere desire to attain peace, +but which only wounded the self-love of both sides, and millions of +other causes that adapted themselves to the event that was happening or +coincided with it. + +When an apple has ripened and falls, why does it fall? Because of its +attraction to the earth, because its stalk withers, because it is dried +by the sun, because it grows heavier, because the wind shakes it, or +because the boy standing below wants to eat it? + +Nothing is the cause. All this is only the coincidence of conditions in +which all vital organic and elemental events occur. And the botanist +who finds that the apple falls because the cellular tissue decays and so +forth is equally right with the child who stands under the tree and says +the apple fell because he wanted to eat it and prayed for it. Equally +right or wrong is he who says that Napoleon went to Moscow because he +wanted to, and perished because Alexander desired his destruction, and +he who says that an undermined hill weighing a million tons fell because +the last navvy struck it for the last time with his mattock. In historic +events the so-called great men are labels giving names to events, and +like labels they have but the smallest connection with the event itself. + +Every act of theirs, which appears to them an act of their own will, is +in an historical sense involuntary and is related to the whole course of +history and predestined from eternity. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +On the twenty-ninth of May Napoleon left Dresden, where he had spent +three weeks surrounded by a court that included princes, dukes, kings, +and even an emperor. Before leaving, Napoleon showed favor to the +emperor, kings, and princes who had deserved it, reprimanded the kings +and princes with whom he was dissatisfied, presented pearls and diamonds +of his ownthat is, which he had taken from other kingsto the Empress +of Austria, and having, as his historian tells us, tenderly embraced the +Empress Marie Louisewho regarded him as her husband, though he had left +another wife in Parisleft her grieved by the parting which she seemed +hardly able to bear. Though the diplomatists still firmly believed in +the possibility of peace and worked zealously to that end, and though +the Emperor Napoleon himself wrote a letter to Alexander, calling him +Monsieur mon frre, and sincerely assured him that he did not want war +and would always love and honor himyet he set off to join his army, +and at every station gave fresh orders to accelerate the movement of his +troops from west to east. He went in a traveling coach with six horses, +surrounded by pages, aides-de-camp, and an escort, along the road to +Posen, Thorn, Danzig, and Knigsberg. At each of these towns thousands +of people met him with excitement and enthusiasm. + +The army was moving from west to east, and relays of six horses carried +him in the same direction. On the tenth of June, * coming up with the +army, he spent the night in apartments prepared for him on the estate of +a Polish count in the Vilkavisski forest. + + * Old style. + +Next day, overtaking the army, he went in a carriage to the Niemen, and, +changing into a Polish uniform, he drove to the riverbank in order to +select a place for the crossing. + +Seeing, on the other side, some Cossacks (les Cosaques) and the +wide-spreading steppes in the midst of which lay the holy city of Moscow +(Moscou, la ville sainte), the capital of a realm such as the Scythia +into which Alexander the Great had marchedNapoleon unexpectedly, and +contrary alike to strategic and diplomatic considerations, ordered an +advance, and the next day his army began to cross the Niemen. + +Early in the morning of the twelfth of June he came out of his tent, +which was pitched that day on the steep left bank of the Niemen, and +looked through a spyglass at the streams of his troops pouring out of +the Vilkavisski forest and flowing over the three bridges thrown across +the river. The troops, knowing of the Emperors presence, were on the +lookout for him, and when they caught sight of a figure in an overcoat +and a cocked hat standing apart from his suite in front of his tent on +the hill, they threw up their caps and shouted Vive lEmpereur! and +one after another poured in a ceaseless stream out of the vast forest +that had concealed them and, separating, flowed on and on by the three +bridges to the other side. + +Now well go into action. Oh, when he takes it in hand himself, things +get hot... by heaven!... There he is!... Vive lEmpereur! So these +are the steppes of Asia! Its a nasty country all the same. Au revoir, +Beauch Ill keep the best palace in Moscow for you! Au revoir. Good +luck!... Did you see the Emperor? Vive lEmpereur!... preur!If +they make me Governor of India, Grard, Ill make you Minister of +Kashmirthats settled. Vive lEmpereur! Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah! The +Cossacksthose rascalssee how they run! Vive lEmpereur! There he +is, do you see him? Ive seen him twice, as I see you now. The little +corporal... I saw him give the cross to one of the veterans.... Vive +lEmpereur! came the voices of men, old and young, of most diverse +characters and social positions. On the faces of all was one common +expression of joy at the commencement of the long-expected campaign and +of rapture and devotion to the man in the gray coat who was standing on +the hill. + +On the thirteenth of June a rather small, thoroughbred Arab horse was +brought to Napoleon. He mounted it and rode at a gallop to one of the +bridges over the Niemen, deafened continually by incessant and rapturous +acclamations which he evidently endured only because it was impossible +to forbid the soldiers to express their love of him by such shouting, +but the shouting which accompanied him everywhere disturbed him and +distracted him from the military cares that had occupied him from the +time he joined the army. He rode across one of the swaying pontoon +bridges to the farther side, turned sharply to the left, and galloped in +the direction of Kvno, preceded by enraptured, mounted chasseurs of the +Guard who, breathless with delight, galloped ahead to clear a path for +him through the troops. On reaching the broad river Vliya, he stopped +near a regiment of Polish Uhlans stationed by the river. + +Vivat! shouted the Poles, ecstatically, breaking their ranks and +pressing against one another to see him. + +Napoleon looked up and down the river, dismounted, and sat down on a log +that lay on the bank. At a mute sign from him, a telescope was handed +him which he rested on the back of a happy page who had run up to him, +and he gazed at the opposite bank. Then he became absorbed in a map laid +out on the logs. Without lifting his head he said something, and two of +his aides-de-camp galloped off to the Polish Uhlans. + +What? What did he say? was heard in the ranks of the Polish Uhlans +when one of the aides-de-camp rode up to them. + +The order was to find a ford and to cross the river. The colonel of the +Polish Uhlans, a handsome old man, flushed and, fumbling in his speech +from excitement, asked the aide-de-camp whether he would be permitted +to swim the river with his Uhlans instead of seeking a ford. In evident +fear of refusal, like a boy asking for permission to get on a horse, he +begged to be allowed to swim across the river before the Emperors +eyes. The aide-de-camp replied that probably the Emperor would not be +displeased at this excess of zeal. + +As soon as the aide-de-camp had said this, the old mustached officer, +with happy face and sparkling eyes, raised his saber, shouted Vivat! +and, commanding the Uhlans to follow him, spurred his horse and galloped +into the river. He gave an angry thrust to his horse, which had grown +restive under him, and plunged into the water, heading for the deepest +part where the current was swift. Hundreds of Uhlans galloped in after +him. It was cold and uncanny in the rapid current in the middle of the +stream, and the Uhlans caught hold of one another as they fell off their +horses. Some of the horses were drowned and some of the men the others +tried to swim on, some in the saddle and some clinging to their horses +manes. They tried to make their way forward to the opposite bank and, +though there was a ford one third of a mile away, were proud that they +were swimming and drowning in this river under the eyes of the man who +sat on the log and was not even looking at what they were doing. When +the aide-de-camp, having returned and choosing an opportune moment, +ventured to draw the Emperors attention to the devotion of the Poles +to his person, the little man in the gray overcoat got up and, having +summoned Berthier, began pacing up and down the bank with him, giving +him instructions and occasionally glancing disapprovingly at the +drowning Uhlans who distracted his attention. + +For him it was no new conviction that his presence in any part of +the world, from Africa to the steppes of Muscovy alike, was enough to +dumfound people and impel them to insane self-oblivion. He called for +his horse and rode to his quarters. + +Some forty Uhlans were drowned in the river, though boats were sent to +their assistance. The majority struggled back to the bank from which +they had started. The colonel and some of his men got across and with +difficulty clambered out on the further bank. And as soon as they had +got out, in their soaked and streaming clothes, they shouted Vivat! +and looked ecstatically at the spot where Napoleon had been but where he +no longer was and at that moment considered themselves happy. + +That evening, between issuing one order that the forged Russian paper +money prepared for use in Russia should be delivered as quickly as +possible and another that a Saxon should be shot, on whom a letter +containing information about the orders to the French army had been +found, Napoleon also gave instructions that the Polish colonel who +had needlessly plunged into the river should be enrolled in the Lgion +dhonneur of which Napoleon was himself the head. + +Quos vult perdere dementat. * + + * Those whom (God) wishes to destroy he drives mad. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +The Emperor of Russia had, meanwhile, been in Vlna for more than a +month, reviewing troops and holding maneuvers. Nothing was ready for the +war that everyone expected and to prepare for which the Emperor had come +from Petersburg. There was no general plan of action. The vacillation +between the various plans that were proposed had even increased after +the Emperor had been at headquarters for a month. Each of the three +armies had its own commander in chief, but there was no supreme +commander of all the forces, and the Emperor did not assume that +responsibility himself. + +The longer the Emperor remained in Vlna the less did everybodytired of +waitingprepare for the war. All the efforts of those who surrounded the +sovereign seemed directed merely to making him spend his time pleasantly +and forget that war was impending. + +In June, after many balls and fetes given by the Polish magnates, by the +courtiers, and by the Emperor himself, it occurred to one of the Polish +aides-de-camp in attendance that a dinner and ball should be given for +the Emperor by his aides-de-camp. This idea was eagerly received. +The Emperor gave his consent. The aides-de-camp collected money by +subscription. The lady who was thought to be most pleasing to the +Emperor was invited to act as hostess. Count Bennigsen, being a +landowner in the Vlna province, offered his country house for the fete, +and the thirteenth of June was fixed for a ball, dinner, regatta, and +fireworks at Zakret, Count Bennigsens country seat. + +The very day that Napoleon issued the order to cross the Niemen, and +his vanguard, driving off the Cossacks, crossed the Russian frontier, +Alexander spent the evening at the entertainment given by his +aides-de-camp at Bennigsens country house. + +It was a gay and brilliant fete. Connoisseurs of such matters declared +that rarely had so many beautiful women been assembled in one place. +Countess Bezkhova was present among other Russian ladies who had +followed the sovereign from Petersburg to Vlna and eclipsed the refined +Polish ladies by her massive, so-called Russian type of beauty. The +Emperor noticed her and honored her with a dance. + +Bors Drubetsky, having left his wife in Moscow and being for the +present en garon (as he phrased it), was also there and, though not an +aide-de-camp, had subscribed a large sum toward the expenses. Bors +was now a rich man who had risen to high honors and no longer sought +patronage but stood on an equal footing with the highest of those of his +own age. He was meeting Hlne in Vlna after not having seen her for +a long time and did not recall the past, but as Hlne was enjoying +the favors of a very important personage and Bors had only recently +married, they met as good friends of long standing. + +At midnight dancing was still going on. Hlne, not having a suitable +partner, herself offered to dance the mazurka with Bors. They were the +third couple. Bors, coolly looking at Hlnes dazzling bare shoulders +which emerged from a dark, gold-embroidered, gauze gown, talked to her +of old acquaintances and at the same time, unaware of it himself and +unnoticed by others, never for an instant ceased to observe the Emperor +who was in the same room. The Emperor was not dancing, he stood in the +doorway, stopping now one pair and now another with gracious words which +he alone knew how to utter. + +As the mazurka began, Bors saw that Adjutant General Balashv, one of +those in closest attendance on the Emperor, went up to him and contrary +to court etiquette stood near him while he was talking to a Polish +lady. Having finished speaking to her, the Emperor looked inquiringly +at Balashv and, evidently understanding that he only acted thus because +there were important reasons for so doing, nodded slightly to the lady +and turned to him. Hardly had Balashv begun to speak before a look of +amazement appeared on the Emperors face. He took Balashv by the arm +and crossed the room with him, unconsciously clearing a path seven +yards wide as the people on both sides made way for him. Bors noticed +Arakchevs excited face when the sovereign went out with Balashv. +Arakchev looked at the Emperor from under his brow and, sniffing with +his red nose, stepped forward from the crowd as if expecting the Emperor +to address him. (Bors understood that Arakchev envied Balashv and +was displeased that evidently important news had reached the Emperor +otherwise than through himself.) + +But the Emperor and Balashv passed out into the illuminated garden +without noticing Arakchev who, holding his sword and glancing +wrathfully around, followed some twenty paces behind them. + +All the time Bors was going through the figures of the mazurka, he was +worried by the question of what news Balashv had brought and how he +could find it out before others. In the figure in which he had to choose +two ladies, he whispered to Hlne that he meant to choose Countess +Potocka who, he thought, had gone out onto the veranda, and glided over +the parquet to the door opening into the garden, where, seeing Balashv +and the Emperor returning to the veranda, he stood still. They were +moving toward the door. Bors, fluttering as if he had not had time to +withdraw, respectfully pressed close to the doorpost with bowed head. + +The Emperor, with the agitation of one who has been personally +affronted, was finishing with these words + +To enter Russia without declaring war! I will not make peace as long as +a single armed enemy remains in my country! It seemed to Bors that it +gave the Emperor pleasure to utter these words. He was satisfied with +the form in which he had expressed his thoughts, but displeased that +Bors had overheard it. + +Let no one know of it! the Emperor added with a frown. + +Bors understood that this was meant for him and, closing his eyes, +slightly bowed his head. The Emperor re-entered the ballroom and +remained there about another half-hour. + +Bors was thus the first to learn the news that the French army had +crossed the Niemen and, thanks to this, was able to show certain +important personages that much that was concealed from others was +usually known to him, and by this means he rose higher in their +estimation. + + +The unexpected news of the French having crossed the Niemen was +particularly startling after a month of unfulfilled expectations, and at +a ball. On first receiving the news, under the influence of indignation +and resentment the Emperor had found a phrase that pleased him, fully +expressed his feelings, and has since become famous. On returning home +at two oclock that night he sent for his secretary, Shishkv, and told +him to write an order to the troops and a rescript to Field Marshal +Prince Saltykv, in which he insisted on the words being inserted that +he would not make peace so long as a single armed Frenchman remained on +Russian soil. + +Next day the following letter was sent to Napoleon + +Monsieur mon frre, + +Yesterday I learned that, despite the loyalty with which I have kept +my engagements with Your Majesty, your troops have crossed the Russian +frontier, and I have this moment received from Petersburg a note, in +which Count Lauriston informs me, as a reason for this aggression, that +Your Majesty has considered yourself to be in a state of war with me +from the time Prince Kurkin asked for his passports. The reasons on +which the Duc de Bassano based his refusal to deliver them to him would +never have led me to suppose that that could serve as a pretext for +aggression. In fact, the ambassador, as he himself has declared, was +never authorized to make that demand, and as soon as I was informed of +it I let him know how much I disapproved of it and ordered him to remain +at his post. If Your Majesty does not intend to shed the blood of our +peoples for such a misunderstanding, and consents to withdraw your +troops from Russian territory, I will regard what has passed as not +having occurred and an understanding between us will be possible. In +the contrary case, Your Majesty, I shall see myself forced to repel an +attack that nothing on my part has provoked. It still depends on Your +Majesty to preserve humanity from the calamity of another war. + +I am, etc., + +(signed) Alexander + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +At two in the morning of the fourteenth of June, the Emperor, having +sent for Balashv and read him his letter to Napoleon, ordered him to +take it and hand it personally to the French Emperor. When dispatching +Balashv, the Emperor repeated to him the words that he would not make +peace so long as a single armed enemy remained on Russian soil and told +him to transmit those words to Napoleon. Alexander did not insert them +in his letter to Napoleon, because with his characteristic tact he felt +it would be injudicious to use them at a moment when a last attempt at +reconciliation was being made, but he definitely instructed Balashv to +repeat them personally to Napoleon. + +Having set off in the small hours of the fourteenth, accompanied by a +bugler and two Cossacks, Balashv reached the French outposts at the +village of Ryknty, on the Russian side of the Niemen, by dawn. There he +was stopped by French cavalry sentinels. + +A French noncommissioned officer of hussars, in crimson uniform and a +shaggy cap, shouted to the approaching Balashv to halt. Balashv did +not do so at once, but continued to advance along the road at a walking +pace. + +The noncommissioned officer frowned and, muttering words of abuse, +advanced his horses chest against Balashv, put his hand to his saber, +and shouted rudely at the Russian general, asking was he deaf that +he did not do as he was told? Balashv mentioned who he was. The +noncommissioned officer began talking with his comrades about regimental +matters without looking at the Russian general. + +After living at the seat of the highest authority and power, after +conversing with the Emperor less than three hours before, and in general +being accustomed to the respect due to his rank in the service, Balashv +found it very strange here on Russian soil to encounter this hostile, +and still more this disrespectful, application of brute force to +himself. + +The sun was only just appearing from behind the clouds, the air was +fresh and dewy. A herd of cattle was being driven along the road from +the village, and over the fields the larks rose trilling, one after +another, like bubbles rising in water. + +Balashv looked around him, awaiting the arrival of an officer from the +village. The Russian Cossacks and bugler and the French hussars looked +silently at one another from time to time. + +A French colonel of hussars, who had evidently just left his bed, came +riding from the village on a handsome sleek gray horse, accompanied +by two hussars. The officer, the soldiers, and their horses all looked +smart and well kept. + +It was that first period of a campaign when troops are still in full +trim, almost like that of peacetime maneuvers, but with a shade of +martial swagger in their clothes, and a touch of the gaiety and spirit +of enterprise which always accompany the opening of a campaign. + +The French colonel with difficulty repressed a yawn, but was polite and +evidently understood Balashvs importance. He led him past his soldiers +and behind the outposts and told him that his wish to be presented to +the Emperor would most likely be satisfied immediately, as the Emperors +quarters were, he believed, not far off. + +They rode through the village of Ryknty, past tethered French hussar +horses, past sentinels and men who saluted their colonel and stared with +curiosity at a Russian uniform, and came out at the other end of the +village. The colonel said that the commander of the division was a mile +and a quarter away and would receive Balashv and conduct him to his +destination. + +The sun had by now risen and shone gaily on the bright verdure. + +They had hardly ridden up a hill, past a tavern, before they saw a group +of horsemen coming toward them. In front of the group, on a black horse +with trappings that glittered in the sun, rode a tall man with plumes +in his hat and black hair curling down to his shoulders. He wore a red +mantle, and stretched his long legs forward in French fashion. This man +rode toward Balashv at a gallop, his plumes flowing and his gems and +gold lace glittering in the bright June sunshine. + +Balashv was only two horses length from the equestrian with the +bracelets, plumes, necklaces, and gold embroidery, who was galloping +toward him with a theatrically solemn countenance, when Julner, the +French colonel, whispered respectfully The King of Naples! It was, +in fact, Murat, now called King of Naples. Though it was quite +incomprehensible why he should be King of Naples, he was called so, +and was himself convinced that he was so, and therefore assumed a more +solemn and important air than formerly. He was so sure that he really +was the King of Naples that when, on the eve of his departure from that +city, while walking through the streets with his wife, some Italians +called out to him Viva il re! * he turned to his wife with a pensive +smile and said Poor fellows, they dont know that I am leaving them +tomorrow! + + * Long live the king. + + +But though he firmly believed himself to be King of Naples and pitied +the grief felt by the subjects he was abandoning, latterly, after he had +been ordered to return to military serviceand especially since his last +interview with Napoleon in Danzig, when his august brother-in-law had +told him I made you King that you should reign in my way, but not in +yours!he had cheerfully taken up his familiar business, andlike a +well-fed but not overfat horse that feels himself in harness and grows +skittish between the shaftshe dressed up in clothes as variegated and +expensive as possible, and gaily and contentedly galloped along the +roads of Poland, without himself knowing why or whither. + +On seeing the Russian general he threw back his head, with its long hair +curling to his shoulders, in a majestically royal manner, and looked +inquiringly at the French colonel. The colonel respectfully informed His +Majesty of Balashvs mission, whose name he could not pronounce. + +De Bal-machve! said the King (overcoming by his assurance the +difficulty that had presented itself to the colonel). Charmed to +make your acquaintance, General! he added, with a gesture of kingly +condescension. + +As soon as the King began to speak loud and fast his royal dignity +instantly forsook him, and without noticing it he passed into his +natural tone of good-natured familiarity. He laid his hand on the +withers of Balashvs horse and said + +Well, General, it all looks like war, as if regretting a circumstance +of which he was unable to judge. + +Your Majesty, replied Balashv, my master, the Emperor, does not +desire war and as Your Majesty sees... said Balashv, using the words +Your Majesty at every opportunity, with the affectation unavoidable in +frequently addressing one to whom the title was still a novelty. + +Murats face beamed with stupid satisfaction as he listened to Monsieur +de Bal-machve. But royaut oblige! * and he felt it incumbent on +him, as a king and an ally, to confer on state affairs with Alexanders +envoy. He dismounted, took Balashvs arm, and moving a few steps away +from his suite, which waited respectfully, began to pace up and down +with him, trying to speak significantly. He referred to the fact that +the Emperor Napoleon had resented the demand that he should withdraw his +troops from Prussia, especially when that demand became generally known +and the dignity of France was thereby offended. + + * Royalty has its obligations. + + +Balashv replied that there was nothing offensive in the demand, +because... but Murat interrupted him. + +Then you dont consider the Emperor Alexander the aggressor? he asked +unexpectedly, with a kindly and foolish smile. + +Balashv told him why he considered Napoleon to be the originator of the +war. + +Oh, my dear general! Murat again interrupted him, with all my heart I +wish the Emperors may arrange the affair between them, and that the war +begun by no wish of mine may finish as quickly as possible! said he, +in the tone of a servant who wants to remain good friends with another +despite a quarrel between their masters. + +And he went on to inquiries about the Grand Duke and the state of his +health, and to reminiscences of the gay and amusing times he had spent +with him in Naples. Then suddenly, as if remembering his royal dignity, +Murat solemnly drew himself up, assumed the pose in which he had stood +at his coronation, and, waving his right arm, said + +I wont detain you longer, General. I wish success to your mission, +and with his embroidered red mantle, his flowing feathers, and his +glittering ornaments, he rejoined his suite who were respectfully +awaiting him. + +Balashv rode on, supposing from Murats words that he would very soon +be brought before Napoleon himself. But instead of that, at the next +village the sentinels of Davouts infantry corps detained him as +the pickets of the vanguard had done, and an adjutant of the corps +commander, who was fetched, conducted him into the village to Marshal +Davout. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Davout was to Napoleon what Arakchev was to Alexanderthough not a +coward like Arakchev, he was as precise, as cruel, and as unable to +express his devotion to his monarch except by cruelty. + +In the organism of states such men are necessary, as wolves are +necessary in the organism of nature, and they always exist, always +appear and hold their own, however incongruous their presence and their +proximity to the head of the government may be. This inevitability alone +can explain how the cruel Arakchev, who tore out a grenadiers mustache +with his own hands, whose weak nerves rendered him unable to face +danger, and who was neither an educated man nor a courtier, was able to +maintain his powerful position with Alexander, whose own character was +chivalrous, noble, and gentle. + +Balashv found Davout seated on a barrel in the shed of a peasants hut, +writinghe was auditing accounts. Better quarters could have been +found him, but Marshal Davout was one of those men who purposely put +themselves in most depressing conditions to have a justification for +being gloomy. For the same reason they are always hard at work and in a +hurry. How can I think of the bright side of life when, as you see, I +am sitting on a barrel and working in a dirty shed? the expression of +his face seemed to say. The chief pleasure and necessity of such men, +when they encounter anyone who shows animation, is to flaunt their own +dreary, persistent activity. Davout allowed himself that pleasure when +Balashv was brought in. He became still more absorbed in his task when +the Russian general entered, and after glancing over his spectacles at +Balashvs face, which was animated by the beauty of the morning and +by his talk with Murat, he did not rise or even stir, but scowled still +more and sneered malevolently. + +When he noticed in Balashvs face the disagreeable impression this +reception produced, Davout raised his head and coldly asked what he +wanted. + +Thinking he could have been received in such a manner only because +Davout did not know that he was adjutant general to the Emperor +Alexander and even his envoy to Napoleon, Balashv hastened to inform +him of his rank and mission. Contrary to his expectation, Davout, after +hearing him, became still surlier and ruder. + +Where is your dispatch? he inquired. Give it to me. I will send it to +the Emperor. + +Balashv replied that he had been ordered to hand it personally to the +Emperor. + +Your Emperors orders are obeyed in your army, but here, said Davout, +you must do as youre told. + +And, as if to make the Russian general still more conscious of his +dependence on brute force, Davout sent an adjutant to call the officer +on duty. + +Balashv took out the packet containing the Emperors letter and laid it +on the table (made of a door with its hinges still hanging on it, laid +across two barrels). Davout took the packet and read the inscription. + +You are perfectly at liberty to treat me with respect or not, +protested Balashv, but permit me to observe that I have the honor to +be adjutant general to His Majesty.... + +Davout glanced at him silently and plainly derived pleasure from the +signs of agitation and confusion which appeared on Balashvs face. + +You will be treated as is fitting, said he and, putting the packet in +his pocket, left the shed. + +A minute later the marshals adjutant, de Castrs, came in and conducted +Balashv to the quarters assigned him. + +That day he dined with the marshal, at the same board on the barrels. + +Next day Davout rode out early and, after asking Balashv to come to +him, peremptorily requested him to remain there, to move on with the +baggage train should orders come for it to move, and to talk to no one +except Monsieur de Castrs. + +After four days of solitude, ennui, and consciousness of his impotence +and insignificanceparticularly acute by contrast with the sphere of +power in which he had so lately movedand after several marches with +the marshals baggage and the French army, which occupied the +whole district, Balashv was brought to Vlnanow occupied by the +Frenchthrough the very gate by which he had left it four days +previously. + +Next day the imperial gentleman-in-waiting, the Comte de Turenne, came +to Balashv and informed him of the Emperor Napoleons wish to honor him +with an audience. + +Four days before, sentinels of the Preobrazhnsk regiment had stood in +front of the house to which Balashv was conducted, and now two French +grenadiers stood there in blue uniforms unfastened in front and with +shaggy caps on their heads, and an escort of hussars and Uhlans and a +brilliant suite of aides-de-camp, pages, and generals, who were waiting +for Napoleon to come out, were standing at the porch, round his saddle +horse and his Mameluke, Rustan. Napoleon received Balashv in the very +house in Vlna from which Alexander had dispatched him on his mission. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Though Balashv was used to imperial pomp, he was amazed at the luxury +and magnificence of Napoleons court. + +The Comte de Turenne showed him into a big reception room where many +generals, gentlemen-in-waiting, and Polish magnatesseveral of whom +Balashv had seen at the court of the Emperor of Russiawere waiting. +Duroc said that Napoleon would receive the Russian general before going +for his ride. + +After some minutes, the gentleman-in-waiting who was on duty came into +the great reception room and, bowing politely, asked Balashv to follow +him. + +Balashv went into a small reception room, one door of which led into a +study, the very one from which the Russian Emperor had dispatched him +on his mission. He stood a minute or two, waiting. He heard hurried +footsteps beyond the door, both halves of it were opened rapidly all +was silent and then from the study the sound was heard of other steps, +firm and resolutethey were those of Napoleon. He had just finished +dressing for his ride, and wore a blue uniform, opening in front over +a white waistcoat so long that it covered his rotund stomach, white +leather breeches tightly fitting the fat thighs of his short legs, and +Hessian boots. His short hair had evidently just been brushed, but one +lock hung down in the middle of his broad forehead. His plump white neck +stood out sharply above the black collar of his uniform, and he smelled +of Eau de Cologne. His full face, rather young-looking, with its +prominent chin, wore a gracious and majestic expression of imperial +welcome. + +He entered briskly, with a jerk at every step and his head slightly +thrown back. His whole short corpulent figure with broad thick +shoulders, and chest and stomach involuntarily protruding, had that +imposing and stately appearance one sees in men of forty who live in +comfort. It was evident, too, that he was in the best of spirits that +day. + +He nodded in answer to Balashvs low and respectful bow, and coming up +to him at once began speaking like a man who values every moment of his +time and does not condescend to prepare what he has to say but is sure +he will always say the right thing and say it well. + +Good day, General! said he. I have received the letter you brought +from the Emperor Alexander and am very glad to see you. He glanced with +his large eyes into Balashvs face and immediately looked past him. + +It was plain that Balashvs personality did not interest him at all. +Evidently only what took place within his own mind interested him. +Nothing outside himself had any significance for him, because everything +in the world, it seemed to him, depended entirely on his will. + +I do not, and did not, desire war, he continued, but it has been +forced on me. Even now (he emphasized the word) I am ready to receive +any explanations you can give me. + +And he began clearly and concisely to explain his reasons for +dissatisfaction with the Russian government. Judging by the calmly +moderate and amicable tone in which the French Emperor spoke, Balashv +was firmly persuaded that he wished for peace and intended to enter into +negotiations. + +When Napoleon, having finished speaking, looked inquiringly at the +Russian envoy, Balashv began a speech he had prepared long before +Sire! The Emperor, my master... but the sight of the Emperors eyes +bent on him confused him. You are flurriedcompose yourself! Napoleon +seemed to say, as with a scarcely perceptible smile he looked at +Balashvs uniform and sword. + +Balashv recovered himself and began to speak. He said that the +Emperor Alexander did not consider Kurkins demand for his passports a +sufficient cause for war that Kurkin had acted on his own initiative +and without his sovereigns assent, that the Emperor Alexander did not +desire war, and had no relations with England. + +Not yet! interposed Napoleon, and, as if fearing to give vent to his +feelings, he frowned and nodded slightly as a sign that Balashv might +proceed. + +After saying all he had been instructed to say, Balashv added that +the Emperor Alexander wished for peace, but would not enter into +negotiations except on condition that... Here Balashv hesitated +he remembered the words the Emperor Alexander had not written in his +letter, but had specially inserted in the rescript to Saltykv and had +told Balashv to repeat to Napoleon. Balashv remembered these words, +So long as a single armed foe remains on Russian soil, but some +complex feeling restrained him. He could not utter them, though he +wished to do so. He grew confused and said On condition that the +French army retires beyond the Niemen. + +Napoleon noticed Balashvs embarrassment when uttering these last +words his face twitched and the calf of his left leg began to quiver +rhythmically. Without moving from where he stood he began speaking in +a louder tone and more hurriedly than before. During the speech that +followed, Balashv, who more than once lowered his eyes, involuntarily +noticed the quivering of Napoleons left leg which increased the more +Napoleon raised his voice. + +I desire peace, no less than the Emperor Alexander, he began. Have +I not for eighteen months been doing everything to obtain it? I +have waited eighteen months for explanations. But in order to begin +negotiations, what is demanded of me? he said, frowning and making an +energetic gesture of inquiry with his small white plump hand. + +The withdrawal of your army beyond the Niemen, sire, replied Balashv. + +The Niemen? repeated Napoleon. So now you want me to retire beyond +the Niemenonly the Niemen? repeated Napoleon, looking straight at +Balashv. + +The latter bowed his head respectfully. + +Instead of the demand of four months earlier to withdraw from Pomerania, +only a withdrawal beyond the Niemen was now demanded. Napoleon turned +quickly and began to pace the room. + +You say the demand now is that I am to withdraw beyond the Niemen +before commencing negotiations, but in just the same way two months ago +the demand was that I should withdraw beyond the Vistula and the Oder, +and yet you are willing to negotiate. + +He went in silence from one corner of the room to the other and again +stopped in front of Balashv. Balashv noticed that his left leg was +quivering faster than before and his face seemed petrified in its stern +expression. This quivering of his left leg was a thing Napoleon was +conscious of. The vibration of my left calf is a great sign with me, +he remarked at a later date. + +Such demands as to retreat beyond the Vistula and Oder may be made to a +Prince of Baden, but not to me! Napoleon almost screamed, quite to his +own surprise. If you gave me Petersburg and Moscow I could not accept +such conditions. You say I have begun this war! But who first joined his +army? The Emperor Alexander, not I! And you offer me negotiations when I +have expended millions, when you are in alliance with England, and when +your position is a bad one. You offer me negotiations! But what is the +aim of your alliance with England? What has she given you? he continued +hurriedly, evidently no longer trying to show the advantages of peace +and discuss its possibility, but only to prove his own rectitude and +power and Alexanders errors and duplicity. + +The commencement of his speech had obviously been made with the +intention of demonstrating the advantages of his position and showing +that he was nevertheless willing to negotiate. But he had begun talking, +and the more he talked the less could he control his words. + +The whole purport of his remarks now was evidently to exalt himself and +insult Alexanderjust what he had least desired at the commencement of +the interview. + +I hear you have made peace with Turkey? + +Balashv bowed his head affirmatively. + +Peace has been concluded... he began. + +But Napoleon did not let him speak. He evidently wanted to do all the +talking himself, and continued to talk with the sort of eloquence and +unrestrained irritability to which spoiled people are so prone. + +Yes, I know you have made peace with the Turks without obtaining +Moldavia and Wallachia I would have given your sovereign those +provinces as I gave him Finland. Yes, he went on, I promised and would +have given the Emperor Alexander Moldavia and Wallachia, and now he +wont have those splendid provinces. Yet he might have united them to +his empire and in a single reign would have extended Russia from the +Gulf of Bothnia to the mouths of the Danube. Catherine the Great could +not have done more, said Napoleon, growing more and more excited as he +paced up and down the room, repeating to Balashv almost the very words +he had used to Alexander himself at Tilsit. All that, he would have +owed to my friendship. Oh, what a splendid reign! he repeated several +times, then paused, drew from his pocket a gold snuffbox, lifted it to +his nose, and greedily sniffed at it. + +What a splendid reign the Emperor Alexanders might have been! + +He looked compassionately at Balashv, and as soon as the latter tried +to make some rejoinder hastily interrupted him. + +What could he wish or look for that he would not have obtained +through my friendship? demanded Napoleon, shrugging his shoulders +in perplexity. But no, he has preferred to surround himself with +my enemies, and with whom? With Steins, Armfeldts, Bennigsens, and +Wintzingerodes! Stein, a traitor expelled from his own country +Armfeldt, a rake and an intriguer Wintzingerode, a fugitive French +subject Bennigsen, rather more of a soldier than the others, but all +the same an incompetent who was unable to do anything in 1807 and who +should awaken terrible memories in the Emperor Alexanders mind.... +Granted that were they competent they might be made use of, continued +Napoleonhardly able to keep pace in words with the rush of thoughts +that incessantly sprang up, proving how right and strong he was (in his +perception the two were one and the same)but they are not even that! +They are neither fit for war nor peace! Barclay is said to be the +most capable of them all, but I cannot say so, judging by his first +movements. And what are they doing, all these courtiers? Pfuel proposes, +Armfeldt disputes, Bennigsen considers, and Barclay, called on to act, +does not know what to decide on, and time passes bringing no result. +Bagratin alone is a military man. Hes stupid, but he has experience, +a quick eye, and resolution.... And what role is your young monarch +playing in that monstrous crowd? They compromise him and throw on him +the responsibility for all that happens. A sovereign should not be with +the army unless he is a general! said Napoleon, evidently uttering +these words as a direct challenge to the Emperor. He knew how Alexander +desired to be a military commander. + +The campaign began only a week ago, and you havent even been able to +defend Vlna. You are cut in two and have been driven out of the Polish +provinces. Your army is grumbling. + +On the contrary, Your Majesty, said Balashv, hardly able to remember +what had been said to him and following these verbal fireworks with +difficulty, the troops are burning with eagerness... + +I know everything! Napoleon interrupted him. I know everything. I +know the number of your battalions as exactly as I know my own. You have +not two hundred thousand men, and I have three times that number. I give +you my word of honor, said Napoleon, forgetting that his word of honor +could carry no weightI give you my word of honor that I have five +hundred and thirty thousand men this side of the Vistula. The Turks will +be of no use to you they are worth nothing and have shown it by making +peace with you. As for the Swedesit is their fate to be governed by +mad kings. Their king was insane and they changed him for +anotherBernadotte, who promptly went madfor no Swede would ally +himself with Russia unless he were mad. + +Napoleon grinned maliciously and again raised his snuffbox to his nose. + +Balashv knew how to reply to each of Napoleons remarks, and would +have done so he continually made the gesture of a man wishing to say +something, but Napoleon always interrupted him. To the alleged insanity +of the Swedes, Balashv wished to reply that when Russia is on her side +Sweden is practically an island but Napoleon gave an angry exclamation +to drown his voice. Napoleon was in that state of irritability in which +a man has to talk, talk, and talk, merely to convince himself that he is +in the right. Balashv began to feel uncomfortable as envoy he feared +to demean his dignity and felt the necessity of replying but, as a man, +he shrank before the transport of groundless wrath that had evidently +seized Napoleon. He knew that none of the words now uttered by Napoleon +had any significance, and that Napoleon himself would be ashamed of them +when he came to his senses. Balashv stood with downcast eyes, looking +at the movements of Napoleons stout legs and trying to avoid meeting +his eyes. + +But what do I care about your allies? said Napoleon. I have +alliesthe Poles. There are eighty thousand of them and they fight like +lions. And there will be two hundred thousand of them. + +And probably still more perturbed by the fact that he had uttered this +obvious falsehood, and that Balashv still stood silently before him in +the same attitude of submission to fate, Napoleon abruptly turned +round, drew close to Balashvs face, and, gesticulating rapidly and +energetically with his white hands, almost shouted + +Know that if you stir up Prussia against me, Ill wipe it off the map +of Europe! he declared, his face pale and distorted by anger, and he +struck one of his small hands energetically with the other. Yes, I +will throw you back beyond the Dvna and beyond the Dnieper, and will +re-erect against you that barrier which it was criminal and blind of +Europe to allow to be destroyed. Yes, that is what will happen to you. +That is what you have gained by alienating me! And he walked silently +several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders twitching. + +He put his snuffbox into his waistcoat pocket, took it out again, lifted +it several times to his nose, and stopped in front of Balashv. He +paused, looked ironically straight into Balashvs eyes, and said in a +quiet voice + +And yet what a splendid reign your master might have had! + +Balashv, feeling it incumbent on him to reply, said that from the +Russian side things did not appear in so gloomy a light. Napoleon was +silent, still looking derisively at him and evidently not listening to +him. Balashv said that in Russia the best results were expected from +the war. Napoleon nodded condescendingly, as if to say, I know its +your duty to say that, but you dont believe it yourself. I have +convinced you. + +When Balashv had ended, Napoleon again took out his snuffbox, sniffed +at it, and stamped his foot twice on the floor as a signal. The door +opened, a gentleman-in-waiting, bending respectfully, handed the Emperor +his hat and gloves another brought him a pocket handkerchief. Napoleon, +without giving them a glance, turned to Balashv + +Assure the Emperor Alexander from me, said he, taking his hat, that +I am as devoted to him as before I know him thoroughly and very highly +esteem his lofty qualities. I will detain you no longer, General you +shall receive my letter to the Emperor. + +And Napoleon went quickly to the door. Everyone in the reception room +rushed forward and descended the staircase. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +After all that Napoleon had said to himthose bursts of anger and the +last dryly spoken words I will detain you no longer, General you +shall receive my letter, Balashv felt convinced that Napoleon would +not wish to see him, and would even avoid another meeting with himan +insulted envoyespecially as he had witnessed his unseemly anger. But, +to his surprise, Balashv received, through Duroc, an invitation to dine +with the Emperor that day. + +Bessires, Caulaincourt, and Berthier were present at that dinner. + +Napoleon met Balashv cheerfully and amiably. He not only showed no sign +of constraint or self-reproach on account of his outburst that morning, +but, on the contrary, tried to reassure Balashv. It was evident that +he had long been convinced that it was impossible for him to make a +mistake, and that in his perception whatever he did was right, not +because it harmonized with any idea of right and wrong, but because he +did it. + +The Emperor was in very good spirits after his ride through Vlna, where +crowds of people had rapturously greeted and followed him. From all +the windows of the streets through which he rode, rugs, flags, and his +monogram were displayed, and the Polish ladies, welcoming him, waved +their handkerchiefs to him. + +At dinner, having placed Balashv beside him, Napoleon not only treated +him amiably but behaved as if Balashv were one of his own courtiers, +one of those who sympathized with his plans and ought to rejoice at +his success. In the course of conversation he mentioned Moscow and +questioned Balashv about the Russian capital, not merely as an +interested traveler asks about a new city he intends to visit, but as +if convinced that Balashv, as a Russian, must be flattered by his +curiosity. + +How many inhabitants are there in Moscow? How many houses? Is it true +that Moscow is called Holy Moscow? How many churches are there in +Moscow? he asked. + +And receiving the reply that there were more than two hundred churches, +he remarked + +Why such a quantity of churches? + +The Russians are very devout, replied Balashv. + +But a large number of monasteries and churches is always a sign of the +backwardness of a people, said Napoleon, turning to Caulaincourt for +appreciation of this remark. + +Balashv respectfully ventured to disagree with the French Emperor. + +Every country has its own character, said he. + +But nowhere in Europe is there anything like that, said Napoleon. + +I beg your Majestys pardon, returned Balashv, besides Russia there +is Spain, where there are also many churches and monasteries. + +This reply of Balashvs, which hinted at the recent defeats of the +French in Spain, was much appreciated when he related it at Alexanders +court, but it was not much appreciated at Napoleons dinner, where it +passed unnoticed. + +The uninterested and perplexed faces of the marshals showed that they +were puzzled as to what Balashvs tone suggested. If there is a point +we dont see it, or it is not at all witty, their expressions seemed +to say. So little was his rejoinder appreciated that Napoleon did not +notice it at all and navely asked Balashv through what towns the +direct road from there to Moscow passed. Balashv, who was on the alert +all through the dinner, replied that just as all roads lead to Rome, +so all roads lead to Moscow there were many roads, and among them the +road through Poltva, which Charles XII chose. Balashv involuntarily +flushed with pleasure at the aptitude of this reply, but hardly had +he uttered the word Poltva before Caulaincourt began speaking of the +badness of the road from Petersburg to Moscow and of his Petersburg +reminiscences. + +After dinner they went to drink coffee in Napoleons study, which four +days previously had been that of the Emperor Alexander. Napoleon sat +down, toying with his Svres coffee cup, and motioned Balashv to a +chair beside him. + +Napoleon was in that well-known after-dinner mood which, more than +any reasoned cause, makes a man contented with himself and disposed to +consider everyone his friend. It seemed to him that he was surrounded +by men who adored him and he felt convinced that, after his dinner, +Balashv too was his friend and worshiper. Napoleon turned to him with a +pleasant, though slightly ironic, smile. + +They tell me this is the room the Emperor Alexander occupied? Strange, +isnt it, General? he said, evidently not doubting that this remark +would be agreeable to his hearer since it went to prove his, Napoleons, +superiority to Alexander. + +Balashv made no reply and bowed his head in silence. + +Yes. Four days ago in this room, Wintzingerode and Stein were +deliberating, continued Napoleon with the same derisive and +self-confident smile. What I cant understand, he went on, is that +the Emperor Alexander has surrounded himself with my personal enemies. +That I do not... understand. Has he not thought that I may do the same? +and he turned inquiringly to Balashv, and evidently this thought turned +him back on to the track of his mornings anger, which was still fresh +in him. + +And let him know that I will do so! said Napoleon, rising and pushing +his cup away with his hand. Ill drive all his Wrttemberg, Baden, and +Weimar relations out of Germany.... Yes. Ill drive them out. Let him +prepare an asylum for them in Russia! + +Balashv bowed his head with an air indicating that he would like to +make his bow and leave, and only listened because he could not help +hearing what was said to him. Napoleon did not notice this expression +he treated Balashv not as an envoy from his enemy, but as a man +now fully devoted to him and who must rejoice at his former masters +humiliation. + +And why has the Emperor Alexander taken command of the armies? What is +the good of that? War is my profession, but his business is to reign +and not to command armies! Why has he taken on himself such a +responsibility? + +Again Napoleon brought out his snuffbox, paced several times up and down +the room in silence, and then, suddenly and unexpectedly, went up to +Balashv and with a slight smile, as confidently, quickly, and simply +as if he were doing something not merely important but pleasing to +Balashv, he raised his hand to the forty-year-old Russian generals +face and, taking him by the ear, pulled it gently, smiling with his lips +only. + +To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest +honor and mark of favor at the French court. + +Well, adorer and courtier of the Emperor Alexander, why dont you say +anything? said he, as if it was ridiculous, in his presence, to be the +adorer and courtier of anyone but himself, Napoleon. Are the horses +ready for the general? he added, with a slight inclination of his head +in reply to Balashvs bow. Let him have mine, he has a long way to +go! + +The letter taken by Balashv was the last Napoleon sent to Alexander. +Every detail of the interview was communicated to the Russian monarch, +and the war began.... + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +After his interview with Pierre in Moscow, Prince Andrew went to +Petersburg, on business as he told his family, but really to meet +Anatole Kurgin whom he felt it necessary to encounter. On reaching +Petersburg he inquired for Kurgin but the latter had already left the +city. Pierre had warned his brother-in-law that Prince Andrew was on +his track. Anatole Kurgin promptly obtained an appointment from +the Minister of War and went to join the army in Moldavia. While in +Petersburg Prince Andrew met Kutzov, his former commander who was +always well disposed toward him, and Kutzov suggested that he should +accompany him to the army in Moldavia, to which the old general had +been appointed commander in chief. So Prince Andrew, having received an +appointment on the headquarters staff, left for Turkey. + +Prince Andrew did not think it proper to write and challenge Kurgin. +He thought that if he challenged him without some fresh cause it might +compromise the young Countess Rostva and so he wanted to meet Kurgin +personally in order to find a fresh pretext for a duel. But he again +failed to meet Kurgin in Turkey, for soon after Prince Andrew arrived, +the latter returned to Russia. In a new country, amid new conditions, +Prince Andrew found life easier to bear. After his betrothed had broken +faith with himwhich he felt the more acutely the more he tried to +conceal its effectsthe surroundings in which he had been happy became +trying to him, and the freedom and independence he had once prized +so highly were still more so. Not only could he no longer think the +thoughts that had first come to him as he lay gazing at the sky on the +field of Austerlitz and had later enlarged upon with Pierre, and which +had filled his solitude at Boguchrovo and then in Switzerland and Rome, +but he even dreaded to recall them and the bright and boundless horizons +they had revealed. He was now concerned only with the nearest practical +matters unrelated to his past interests, and he seized on these the more +eagerly the more those past interests were closed to him. It was as if +that lofty, infinite canopy of heaven that had once towered above him +had suddenly turned into a low, solid vault that weighed him down, in +which all was clear, but nothing eternal or mysterious. + +Of the activities that presented themselves to him, army service was the +simplest and most familiar. As a general on duty on Kutzovs staff, +he applied himself to business with zeal and perseverance and surprised +Kutzov by his willingness and accuracy in work. Not having found +Kurgin in Turkey, Prince Andrew did not think it necessary to rush back +to Russia after him, but all the same he knew that however long it might +be before he met Kurgin, despite his contempt for him and despite all +the proofs he deduced to convince himself that it was not worth stooping +to a conflict with himhe knew that when he did meet him he would not +be able to resist calling him out, any more than a ravenous man can help +snatching at food. And the consciousness that the insult was not yet +avenged, that his rancor was still unspent, weighed on his heart and +poisoned the artificial tranquillity which he managed to obtain in +Turkey by means of restless, plodding, and rather vainglorious and +ambitious activity. + +In the year 1812, when news of the war with Napoleon reached +Bucharestwhere Kutzov had been living for two months, passing his +days and nights with a Wallachian womanPrince Andrew asked Kutzov +to transfer him to the Western Army. Kutzov, who was already weary of +Bolknskis activity which seemed to reproach his own idleness, very +readily let him go and gave him a mission to Barclay de Tolly. + +Before joining the Western Army which was then, in May, encamped at +Drissa, Prince Andrew visited Bald Hills which was directly on his way, +being only two miles off the Smolnsk highroad. During the last three +years there had been so many changes in his life, he had thought, felt, +and seen so much (having traveled both in the east and the west), that +on reaching Bald Hills it struck him as strange and unexpected to find +the way of life there unchanged and still the same in every detail. +He entered through the gates with their stone pillars and drove up +the avenue leading to the house as if he were entering an enchanted, +sleeping castle. The same old stateliness, the same cleanliness, the +same stillness reigned there, and inside there was the same furniture, +the same walls, sounds, and smell, and the same timid faces, only +somewhat older. Princess Mary was still the same timid, plain maiden +getting on in years, uselessly and joylessly passing the best years of +her life in fear and constant suffering. Mademoiselle Bourienne was +the same coquettish, self-satisfied girl, enjoying every moment of her +existence and full of joyous hopes for the future. She had merely become +more self-confident, Prince Andrew thought. Dessalles, the tutor he had +brought from Switzerland, was wearing a coat of Russian cut and +talking broken Russian to the servants, but was still the same narrowly +intelligent, conscientious, and pedantic preceptor. The old prince +had changed in appearance only by the loss of a tooth, which left a +noticeable gap on one side of his mouth in character he was the same as +ever, only showing still more irritability and skepticism as to what was +happening in the world. Little Nicholas alone had changed. He had grown, +become rosier, had curly dark hair, and, when merry and laughing, quite +unconsciously lifted the upper lip of his pretty little mouth just +as the little princess used to do. He alone did not obey the law of +immutability in the enchanted, sleeping castle. But though externally +all remained as of old, the inner relations of all these people had +changed since Prince Andrew had seen them last. The household was +divided into two alien and hostile camps, who changed their habits for +his sake and only met because he was there. To the one camp belonged +the old prince, Mademoiselle Bourienne, and the architect to the other +Princess Mary, Dessalles, little Nicholas, and all the old nurses and +maids. + +During his stay at Bald Hills all the family dined together, but they +were ill at ease and Prince Andrew felt that he was a visitor for whose +sake an exception was being made and that his presence made them all +feel awkward. Involuntarily feeling this at dinner on the first day, he +was taciturn, and the old prince noticing this also became morosely dumb +and retired to his apartments directly after dinner. In the evening, +when Prince Andrew went to him and, trying to rouse him, began to +tell him of the young Count Kmenskys campaign, the old prince +began unexpectedly to talk about Princess Mary, blaming her for her +superstitions and her dislike of Mademoiselle Bourienne, who, he said, +was the only person really attached to him. + +The old prince said that if he was ill it was only because of Princess +Mary that she purposely worried and irritated him, and that by +indulgence and silly talk she was spoiling little Prince Nicholas. The +old prince knew very well that he tormented his daughter and that her +life was very hard, but he also knew that he could not help tormenting +her and that she deserved it. Why does Prince Andrew, who sees this, +say nothing to me about his sister? Does he think me a scoundrel, or an +old fool who, without any reason, keeps his own daughter at a distance +and attaches this Frenchwoman to himself? He doesnt understand, so I +must explain it, and he must hear me out, thought the old prince. +And he began explaining why he could not put up with his daughters +unreasonable character. + +If you ask me, said Prince Andrew, without looking up (he was +censuring his father for the first time in his life), I did not wish to +speak about it, but as you ask me I will give you my frank opinion. If +there is any misunderstanding and discord between you and Mary, I cant +blame her for it at all. I know how she loves and respects you. Since +you ask me, continued Prince Andrew, becoming irritableas he was +always liable to do of lateI can only say that if there are any +misunderstandings they are caused by that worthless woman, who is not +fit to be my sisters companion. + +The old man at first stared fixedly at his son, and an unnatural smile +disclosed the fresh gap between his teeth to which Prince Andrew could +not get accustomed. + +What companion, my dear boy? Eh? Youve already been talking it over! +Eh? + +Father, I did not want to judge, said Prince Andrew, in a hard and +bitter tone, but you challenged me, and I have said, and always shall +say, that Mary is not to blame, but those to blamethe one to blameis +that Frenchwoman. + +Ah, he has passed judgment... passed judgement! said the old man in a +low voice and, as it seemed to Prince Andrew, with some embarrassment, +but then he suddenly jumped up and cried Be off, be off! Let not a +trace of you remain here!... + + +Prince Andrew wished to leave at once, but Princess Mary persuaded him +to stay another day. That day he did not see his father, who did not +leave his room and admitted no one but Mademoiselle Bourienne and +Tkhon, but asked several times whether his son had gone. Next day, +before leaving, Prince Andrew went to his sons rooms. The boy, +curly-headed like his mother and glowing with health, sat on his knee, +and Prince Andrew began telling him the story of Bluebeard, but fell +into a reverie without finishing the story. He thought not of this +pretty child, his son whom he held on his knee, but of himself. He +sought in himself either remorse for having angered his father or regret +at leaving home for the first time in his life on bad terms with him, +and was horrified to find neither. What meant still more to him was that +he sought and did not find in himself the former tenderness for his son +which he had hoped to reawaken by caressing the boy and taking him on +his knee. + +Well, go on! said his son. + +Prince Andrew, without replying, put him down from his knee and went out +of the room. + +As soon as Prince Andrew had given up his daily occupations, and +especially on returning to the old conditions of life amid which he had +been happy, weariness of life overcame him with its former intensity, +and he hastened to escape from these memories and to find some work as +soon as possible. + +So youve decided to go, Andrew? asked his sister. + +Thank God that I can, replied Prince Andrew. I am very sorry you +cant. + +Why do you say that? replied Princess Mary. Why do you say that, +when you are going to this terrible war, and he is so old? Mademoiselle +Bourienne says he has been asking about you.... + +As soon as she began to speak of that, her lips trembled and her tears +began to fall. Prince Andrew turned away and began pacing the room. + +Ah, my God! my God! When one thinks who and whatwhat trashcan cause +people misery! he said with a malignity that alarmed Princess Mary. + +She understood that when speaking of trash he referred not only to +Mademoiselle Bourienne, the cause of her misery, but also to the man who +had ruined his own happiness. + +Andrew! One thing I beg, I entreat of you! she said, touching his +elbow and looking at him with eyes that shone through her tears. I +understand you (she looked down). Dont imagine that sorrow is the +work of men. Men are His tools. She looked a little above Prince +Andrews head with the confident, accustomed look with which one looks +at the place where a familiar portrait hangs. Sorrow is sent by Him, +not by men. Men are His instruments, they are not to blame. If you think +someone has wronged you, forget it and forgive! We have no right to +punish. And then you will know the happiness of forgiving. + +If I were a woman I would do so, Mary. That is a womans virtue. But +a man should not and cannot forgive and forget, he replied, and though +till that moment he had not been thinking of Kurgin, all his unexpended +anger suddenly swelled up in his heart. + +If Mary is already persuading me to forgive, it means that I ought long +ago to have punished him, he thought. And giving her no further reply, +he began thinking of the glad vindictive moment when he would meet +Kurgin who he knew was now in the army. + +Princess Mary begged him to stay one day more, saying that she knew how +unhappy her father would be if Andrew left without being reconciled to +him, but Prince Andrew replied that he would probably soon be back again +from the army and would certainly write to his father, but that the +longer he stayed now the more embittered their differences would become. + +Good-by, Andrew! Remember that misfortunes come from God, and men are +never to blame, were the last words he heard from his sister when he +took leave of her. + +Then it must be so! thought Prince Andrew as he drove out of the +avenue from the house at Bald Hills. She, poor innocent creature, is +left to be victimized by an old man who has outlived his wits. The old +man feels he is guilty, but cannot change himself. My boy is growing up +and rejoices in life, in which like everybody else he will deceive or be +deceived. And I am off to the army. Why? I myself dont know. I want +to meet that man whom I despise, so as to give him a chance to kill and +laugh at me! + +These conditions of life had been the same before, but then they were +all connected, while now they had all tumbled to pieces. Only senseless +things, lacking coherence, presented themselves one after another to +Prince Andrews mind. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Prince Andrew reached the general headquarters of the army at the end of +June. The first army, with which was the Emperor, occupied the fortified +camp at Drissa the second army was retreating, trying to effect a +junction with the first one from which it was said to be cut off by +large French forces. Everyone was dissatisfied with the general course +of affairs in the Russian army, but no one anticipated any danger of +invasion of the Russian provinces, and no one thought the war would +extend farther than the western, the Polish, provinces. + +Prince Andrew found Barclay de Tolly, to whom he had been assigned, on +the bank of the Drissa. As there was not a single town or large +village in the vicinity of the camp, the immense number of generals and +courtiers accompanying the army were living in the best houses of the +villages on both sides of the river, over a radius of six miles. Barclay +de Tolly was quartered nearly three miles from the Emperor. He received +Bolknski stiffly and coldly and told him in his foreign accent that he +would mention him to the Emperor for a decision as to his employment, +but asked him meanwhile to remain on his staff. Anatole Kurgin, whom +Prince Andrew had hoped to find with the army, was not there. He had +gone to Petersburg, but Prince Andrew was glad to hear this. His mind +was occupied by the interests of the center that was conducting +a gigantic war, and he was glad to be free for a while from the +distraction caused by the thought of Kurgin. During the first four +days, while no duties were required of him, Prince Andrew rode round the +whole fortified camp and, by the aid of his own knowledge and by +talks with experts, tried to form a definite opinion about it. But the +question whether the camp was advantageous or disadvantageous remained +for him undecided. Already from his military experience and what he had +seen in the Austrian campaign, he had come to the conclusion that in +war the most deeply considered plans have no significance and that all +depends on the way unexpected movements of the enemythat cannot be +foreseenare met, and on how and by whom the whole matter is handled. +To clear up this last point for himself, Prince Andrew, utilizing his +position and acquaintances, tried to fathom the character of the control +of the army and of the men and parties engaged in it, and he deduced for +himself the following of the state of affairs. + +While the Emperor had still been at Vlna, the forces had been divided +into three armies. First, the army under Barclay de Tolly, secondly, the +army under Bagratin, and thirdly, the one commanded by Tormsov. The +Emperor was with the first army, but not as commander in chief. In the +orders issued it was stated, not that the Emperor would take command, +but only that he would be with the army. The Emperor, moreover, had +with him not a commander in chiefs staff but the imperial headquarters +staff. In attendance on him was the head of the imperial staff, +Quartermaster General Prince Volknski, as well as generals, imperial +aides-de-camp, diplomatic officials, and a large number of foreigners, +but not the army staff. Besides these, there were in attendance on the +Emperor without any definite appointments Arakchev, the ex-Minister +of War Count Bennigsen, the senior general in rank the Grand Duke +Tsarvich Constantine Pvlovich Count Rumyntsev, the Chancellor +Stein, a former Prussian minister Armfeldt, a Swedish general Pfuel, +the chief author of the plan of campaign Paulucci, an adjutant general +and Sardinian migr Wolzogenand many others. Though these men had no +military appointment in the army, their position gave them influence, +and often a corps commander, or even the commander in chief, did not +know in what capacity he was questioned by Bennigsen, the Grand Duke, +Arakchev, or Prince Volknski, or was given this or that advice and did +not know whether a certain order received in the form of advice emanated +from the man who gave it or from the Emperor and whether it had to be +executed or not. But this was only the external condition the essential +significance of the presence of the Emperor and of all these people, +from a courtiers point of view (and in an Emperors vicinity all became +courtiers), was clear to everyone. It was this the Emperor did not +assume the title of commander in chief, but disposed of all the armies +the men around him were his assistants. Arakchev was a faithful +custodian to enforce order and acted as the sovereigns bodyguard. +Bennigsen was a landlord in the Vlna province who appeared to be doing +the honors of the district, but was in reality a good general, useful +as an adviser and ready at hand to replace Barclay. The Grand Duke +was there because it suited him to be. The ex-Minister Stein was there +because his advice was useful and the Emperor Alexander held him in high +esteem personally. Armfeldt virulently hated Napoleon and was a general +full of self-confidence, a quality that always influenced Alexander. +Paulucci was there because he was bold and decided in speech. The +adjutants general were there because they always accompanied the +Emperor, and lastly and chiefly Pfuel was there because he had drawn up +the plan of campaign against Napoleon and, having induced Alexander to +believe in the efficacy of that plan, was directing the whole business +of the war. With Pfuel was Wolzogen, who expressed Pfuels thoughts in +a more comprehensible way than Pfuel himself (who was a harsh, bookish +theorist, self-confident to the point of despising everyone else) was +able to do. + +Besides these Russians and foreigners who propounded new and unexpected +ideas every dayespecially the foreigners, who did so with a boldness +characteristic of people employed in a country not their ownthere were +many secondary personages accompanying the army because their principals +were there. + +Among the opinions and voices in this immense, restless, brilliant, +and proud sphere, Prince Andrew noticed the following sharply defined +subdivisions of tendencies and parties + +The first party consisted of Pfuel and his adherentsmilitary theorists +who believed in a science of war with immutable lawslaws of oblique +movements, outflankings, and so forth. Pfuel and his adherents demanded +a retirement into the depths of the country in accordance with precise +laws defined by a pseudo-theory of war, and they saw only barbarism, +ignorance, or evil intention in every deviation from that theory. To +this party belonged the foreign nobles, Wolzogen, Wintzingerode, and +others, chiefly Germans. + +The second party was directly opposed to the first one extreme, as +always happens, was met by representatives of the other. The members of +this party were those who had demanded an advance from Vlna into Poland +and freedom from all prearranged plans. Besides being advocates of bold +action, this section also represented nationalism, which made them still +more one-sided in the dispute. They were Russians Bagratin, Ermlov +(who was beginning to come to the front), and others. At that time a +famous joke of Ermlovs was being circulated, that as a great favor he +had petitioned the Emperor to make him a German. The men of that party, +remembering Suvrov, said that what one had to do was not to reason, +or stick pins into maps, but to fight, beat the enemy, keep him out of +Russia, and not let the army get discouraged. + +To the third partyin which the Emperor had most confidencebelonged the +courtiers who tried to arrange compromises between the other two. The +members of this party, chiefly civilians and to whom Arakchev belonged, +thought and said what men who have no convictions but wish to seem to +have some generally say. They said that undoubtedly war, particularly +against such a genius as Bonaparte (they called him Bonaparte now), +needs most deeply devised plans and profound scientific knowledge and +in that respect Pfuel was a genius, but at the same time it had to be +acknowledged that the theorists are often one-sided, and therefore one +should not trust them absolutely, but should also listen to what Pfuels +opponents and practical men of experience in warfare had to say, and +then choose a middle course. They insisted on the retention of the camp +at Drissa, according to Pfuels plan, but on changing the movements of +the other armies. Though, by this course, neither one aim nor the other +could be attained, yet it seemed best to the adherents of this third +party. + +Of a fourth opinion the most conspicuous representative was the +Tsarvich, who could not forget his disillusionment at Austerlitz, where +he had ridden out at the head of the Guards, in his casque and cavalry +uniform as to a review, expecting to crush the French gallantly but +unexpectedly finding himself in the front line had narrowly escaped amid +the general confusion. The men of this party had both the quality +and the defect of frankness in their opinions. They feared Napoleon, +recognized his strength and their own weakness, and frankly said so. +They said Nothing but sorrow, shame, and ruin will come of all this! +We have abandoned Vlna and Vtebsk and shall abandon Drissa. The only +reasonable thing left to do is to conclude peace as soon as possible, +before we are turned out of Petersburg. + +This view was very general in the upper army circles and found support +also in Petersburg and from the chancellor, Rumyntsev, who, for other +reasons of state, was in favor of peace. + +The fifth party consisted of those who were adherents of Barclay de +Tolly, not so much as a man but as minister of war and commander in +chief. Be he what he may (they always began like that), he is an +honest, practical man and we have nobody better. Give him real power, +for war cannot be conducted successfully without unity of command, and +he will show what he can do, as he did in Finland. If our army is well +organized and strong and has withdrawn to Drissa without suffering +any defeats, we owe this entirely to Barclay. If Barclay is now to +be superseded by Bennigsen all will be lost, for Bennigsen showed his +incapacity already in 1807. + +The sixth party, the Bennigsenites, said, on the contrary, that at any +rate there was no one more active and experienced than Bennigsen and +twist about as you may, you will have to come to Bennigsen eventually. +Let the others make mistakes now! said they, arguing that our +retirement to Drissa was a most shameful reverse and an unbroken series +of blunders. The more mistakes that are made the better. It will at any +rate be understood all the sooner that things cannot go on like this. +What is wanted is not some Barclay or other, but a man like Bennigsen, +who made his mark in 1807, and to whom Napoleon himself did justicea +man whose authority would be willingly recognized, and Bennigsen is the +only such man. + +The seventh party consisted of the sort of people who are always to +be found, especially around young sovereigns, and of whom there were +particularly many round Alexandergenerals and imperial aides-de-camp +passionately devoted to the Emperor, not merely as a monarch but as a +man, adoring him sincerely and disinterestedly, as Rostv had done +in 1805, and who saw in him not only all the virtues but all human +capabilities as well. These men, though enchanted with the sovereign +for refusing the command of the army, yet blamed him for such excessive +modesty, and only desired and insisted that their adored sovereign +should abandon his diffidence and openly announce that he would place +himself at the head of the army, gather round him a commander in chiefs +staff, and, consulting experienced theoreticians and practical men where +necessary, would himself lead the troops, whose spirits would thereby be +raised to the highest pitch. + +The eighth and largest group, which in its enormous numbers was to the +others as ninety-nine to one, consisted of men who desired neither +peace nor war, neither an advance nor a defensive camp at the Drissa +or anywhere else, neither Barclay nor the Emperor, neither Pfuel nor +Bennigsen, but only the one most essential thingas much advantage +and pleasure for themselves as possible. In the troubled waters of +conflicting and intersecting intrigues that eddied about the Emperors +headquarters, it was possible to succeed in many ways unthinkable at +other times. A man who simply wished to retain his lucrative post would +today agree with Pfuel, tomorrow with his opponent, and the day after, +merely to avoid responsibility or to please the Emperor, would declare +that he had no opinion at all on the matter. Another who wished to +gain some advantage would attract the Emperors attention by loudly +advocating the very thing the Emperor had hinted at the day before, +and would dispute and shout at the council, beating his breast and +challenging those who did not agree with him to duels, thereby proving +that he was prepared to sacrifice himself for the common good. A third, +in the absence of opponents, between two councils would simply solicit +a special gratuity for his faithful services, well knowing that at that +moment people would be too busy to refuse him. A fourth while seemingly +overwhelmed with work would often come accidentally under the Emperors +eye. A fifth, to achieve his long-cherished aim of dining with the +Emperor, would stubbornly insist on the correctness or falsity of some +newly emerging opinion and for this object would produce arguments more +or less forcible and correct. + +All the men of this party were fishing for rubles, decorations, and +promotions, and in this pursuit watched only the weathercock of imperial +favor, and directly they noticed it turning in any direction, this whole +drone population of the army began blowing hard that way, so that it +was all the harder for the Emperor to turn it elsewhere. Amid the +uncertainties of the position, with the menace of serious danger giving +a peculiarly threatening character to everything, amid this vortex of +intrigue, egotism, conflict of views and feelings, and the diversity +of race among these peoplethis eighth and largest party of those +preoccupied with personal interests imparted great confusion and +obscurity to the common task. Whatever question arose, a swarm of these +drones, without having finished their buzzing on a previous theme, flew +over to the new one and by their hum drowned and obscured the voices of +those who were disputing honestly. + +From among all these parties, just at the time Prince Andrew reached +the army, another, a ninth party, was being formed and was beginning +to raise its voice. This was the party of the elders, reasonable men +experienced and capable in state affairs, who, without sharing any of +those conflicting opinions, were able to take a detached view of what +was going on at the staff at headquarters and to consider means of +escape from this muddle, indecision, intricacy, and weakness. + +The men of this party said and thought that what was wrong resulted +chiefly from the Emperors presence in the army with his military court +and from the consequent presence there of an indefinite, conditional, +and unsteady fluctuation of relations, which is in place at court but +harmful in an army that a sovereign should reign but not command the +army, and that the only way out of the position would be for the Emperor +and his court to leave the army that the mere presence of the Emperor +paralyzed the action of fifty thousand men required to secure his +personal safety, and that the worst commander in chief, if independent, +would be better than the very best one trammeled by the presence and +authority of the monarch. + +Just at the time Prince Andrew was living unoccupied at Drissa, +Shishkv, the Secretary of State and one of the chief representatives of +this party, wrote a letter to the Emperor which Arakchev and Balashv +agreed to sign. In this letter, availing himself of permission given him +by the Emperor to discuss the general course of affairs, he respectfully +suggestedon the plea that it was necessary for the sovereign to arouse +a warlike spirit in the people of the capitalthat the Emperor should +leave the army. + +That arousing of the people by their sovereign and his call to them to +defend their countrythe very incitement which was the chief cause of +Russias triumph in so far as it was produced by the Tsars personal +presence in Moscowwas suggested to the Emperor, and accepted by him, as +a pretext for quitting the army. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +This letter had not yet been presented to the Emperor when Barclay, one +day at dinner, informed Bolknski that the sovereign wished to see him +personally, to question him about Turkey, and that Prince Andrew was to +present himself at Bennigsens quarters at six that evening. + +News was received at the Emperors quarters that very day of a fresh +movement by Napoleon which might endanger the armynews subsequently +found to be false. And that morning Colonel Michaud had ridden round the +Drissa fortifications with the Emperor and had pointed out to him that +this fortified camp constructed by Pfuel, and till then considered +a chef-doeuvre of tactical science which would ensure Napoleons +destruction, was an absurdity, threatening the destruction of the +Russian army. + +Prince Andrew arrived at Bennigsens quartersa country gentlemans +house of moderate size, situated on the very banks of the river. Neither +Bennigsen nor the Emperor was there, but Chernshev, the Emperors +aide-de-camp, received Bolknski and informed him that the Emperor, +accompanied by General Bennigsen and Marquis Paulucci, had gone a second +time that day to inspect the fortifications of the Drissa camp, of the +suitability of which serious doubts were beginning to be felt. + +Chernshev was sitting at a window in the first room with a French novel +in his hand. This room had probably been a music room there was still +an organ in it on which some rugs were piled, and in one corner stood +the folding bedstead of Bennigsens adjutant. This adjutant was also +there and sat dozing on the rolled-up bedding, evidently exhausted by +work or by feasting. Two doors led from the room, one straight on into +what had been the drawing room, and another, on the right, to the study. +Through the first door came the sound of voices conversing in German +and occasionally in French. In that drawing room were gathered, by +the Emperors wish, not a military council (the Emperor preferred +indefiniteness), but certain persons whose opinions he wished to know in +view of the impending difficulties. It was not a council of war, but, +as it were, a council to elucidate certain questions for the Emperor +personally. To this semicouncil had been invited the Swedish General +Armfeldt, Adjutant General Wolzogen, Wintzingerode (whom Napoleon had +referred to as a renegade French subject), Michaud, Toll, Count Stein +who was not a military man at all, and Pfuel himself, who, as Prince +Andrew had heard, was the mainspring of the whole affair. Prince Andrew +had an opportunity of getting a good look at him, for Pfuel arrived soon +after himself and, in passing through to the drawing room, stopped a +minute to speak to Chernshev. + +At first sight, Pfuel, in his ill-made uniform of a Russian general, +which fitted him badly like a fancy costume, seemed familiar to Prince +Andrew, though he saw him now for the first time. There was about +him something of Weyrother, Mack, and Schmidt, and many other German +theorist-generals whom Prince Andrew had seen in 1805, but he was more +typical than any of them. Prince Andrew had never yet seen a German +theorist in whom all the characteristics of those others were united to +such an extent. + +Pfuel was short and very thin but broad-boned, of coarse, robust build, +broad in the hips, and with prominent shoulder blades. His face was +much wrinkled and his eyes deep set. His hair had evidently been hastily +brushed smooth in front of the temples, but stuck up behind in quaint +little tufts. He entered the room, looking restlessly and angrily +around, as if afraid of everything in that large apartment. Awkwardly +holding up his sword, he addressed Chernshev and asked in German where +the Emperor was. One could see that he wished to pass through the rooms +as quickly as possible, finish with the bows and greetings, and sit down +to business in front of a map, where he would feel at home. He nodded +hurriedly in reply to Chernshev, and smiled ironically on hearing that +the sovereign was inspecting the fortifications that he, Pfuel, had +planned in accord with his theory. He muttered something to himself +abruptly and in a bass voice, as self-assured Germans doit might +have been stupid fellow... or the whole affair will be ruined, or +something absurd will come of it.... Prince Andrew did not catch +what he said and would have passed on, but Chernshev introduced him to +Pfuel, remarking that Prince Andrew was just back from Turkey where the +war had terminated so fortunately. Pfuel barely glancednot so much at +Prince Andrew as past himand said, with a laugh That must have been a +fine tactical war and, laughing contemptuously, went on into the room +from which the sound of voices was heard. + +Pfuel, always inclined to be irritably sarcastic, was particularly +disturbed that day, evidently by the fact that they had dared to inspect +and criticize his camp in his absence. From this short interview with +Pfuel, Prince Andrew, thanks to his Austerlitz experiences, was able to +form a clear conception of the man. Pfuel was one of those hopelessly +and immutably self-confident men, self-confident to the point of +martyrdom as only Germans are, because only Germans are self-confident +on the basis of an abstract notionscience, that is, the supposed +knowledge of absolute truth. A Frenchman is self-assured because he +regards himself personally, both in mind and body, as irresistibly +attractive to men and women. An Englishman is self-assured, as being a +citizen of the best-organized state in the world, and therefore as an +Englishman always knows what he should do and knows that all he does as +an Englishman is undoubtedly correct. An Italian is self-assured because +he is excitable and easily forgets himself and other people. A Russian +is self-assured just because he knows nothing and does not want to know +anything, since he does not believe that anything can be known. The +Germans self-assurance is worst of all, stronger and more +repulsive than any other, because he imagines that he knows the +truthsciencewhich he himself has invented but which is for him the +absolute truth. + +Pfuel was evidently of that sort. He had a sciencethe theory of oblique +movements deduced by him from the history of Frederick the Greats wars, +and all he came across in the history of more recent warfare seemed to +him absurd and barbarousmonstrous collisions in which so many blunders +were committed by both sides that these wars could not be called wars, +they did not accord with the theory, and therefore could not serve as +material for science. + +In 1806 Pfuel had been one of those responsible, for the plan of +campaign that ended in Jena and Auerstdt, but he did not see the least +proof of the fallibility of his theory in the disasters of that war. On +the contrary, the deviations made from his theory were, in his opinion, +the sole cause of the whole disaster, and with characteristically +gleeful sarcasm he would remark, There, I said the whole affair would +go to the devil! Pfuel was one of those theoreticians who so love +their theory that they lose sight of the theorys objectits practical +application. His love of theory made him hate everything practical, and +he would not listen to it. He was even pleased by failures, for failures +resulting from deviations in practice from the theory only proved to him +the accuracy of his theory. + +He said a few words to Prince Andrew and Chernshev about the present +war, with the air of a man who knows beforehand that all will go wrong, +and who is not displeased that it should be so. The unbrushed tufts +of hair sticking up behind and the hastily brushed hair on his temples +expressed this most eloquently. + +He passed into the next room, and the deep, querulous sounds of his +voice were at once heard from there. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Prince Andrews eyes were still following Pfuel out of the room when +Count Bennigsen entered hurriedly, and nodding to Bolknski, but not +pausing, went into the study, giving instructions to his adjutant as he +went. The Emperor was following him, and Bennigsen had hastened on +to make some preparations and to be ready to receive the sovereign. +Chernshev and Prince Andrew went out into the porch, where the Emperor, +who looked fatigued, was dismounting. Marquis Paulucci was talking to +him with particular warmth and the Emperor, with his head bent to the +left, was listening with a dissatisfied air. The Emperor moved forward +evidently wishing to end the conversation, but the flushed and excited +Italian, oblivious of decorum, followed him and continued to speak. + +And as for the man who advised forming this campthe Drissa camp, said +Paulucci, as the Emperor mounted the steps and noticing Prince Andrew +scanned his unfamiliar face, as to that person, sire... continued +Paulucci, desperately, apparently unable to restrain himself, the man +who advised the Drissa campI see no alternative but the lunatic asylum +or the gallows! + +Without heeding the end of the Italians remarks, and as though +not hearing them, the Emperor, recognizing Bolknski, addressed him +graciously. + +I am very glad to see you! Go in there where they are meeting, and wait +for me. + +The Emperor went into the study. He was followed by Prince Peter +Mikhylovich Volknski and Baron Stein, and the door closed behind them. +Prince Andrew, taking advantage of the Emperors permission, accompanied +Paulucci, whom he had known in Turkey, into the drawing room where the +council was assembled. + +Prince Peter Mikhylovich Volknski occupied the position, as it were, +of chief of the Emperors staff. He came out of the study into the +drawing room with some maps which he spread on a table, and put +questions on which he wished to hear the opinion of the gentlemen +present. What had happened was that news (which afterwards proved to be +false) had been received during the night of a movement by the French to +outflank the Drissa camp. + +The first to speak was General Armfeldt who, to meet the difficulty that +presented itself, unexpectedly proposed a perfectly new position +away from the Petersburg and Moscow roads. The reason for this was +inexplicable (unless he wished to show that he, too, could have an +opinion), but he urged that at this point the army should unite and +there await the enemy. It was plain that Armfeldt had thought out that +plan long ago and now expounded it not so much to answer the questions +putwhich, in fact, his plan did not answeras to avail himself of the +opportunity to air it. It was one of the millions of proposals, one as +good as another, that could be made as long as it was quite unknown +what character the war would take. Some disputed his arguments, others +defended them. Young Count Toll objected to the Swedish generals views +more warmly than anyone else, and in the course of the dispute drew from +his side pocket a well-filled notebook, which he asked permission to +read to them. In these voluminous notes Toll suggested another scheme, +totally different from Armfeldts or Pfuels plan of campaign. In answer +to Toll, Paulucci suggested an advance and an attack, which, he urged, +could alone extricate us from the present uncertainty and from the trap +(as he called the Drissa camp) in which we were situated. + +During all these discussions Pfuel and his interpreter, Wolzogen +(his bridge in court relations), were silent. Pfuel only snorted +contemptuously and turned away, to show that he would never demean +himself by replying to such nonsense as he was now hearing. So when +Prince Volknski, who was in the chair, called on him to give his +opinion, he merely said + +Why ask me? General Armfeldt has proposed a splendid position with an +exposed rear, or why not this Italian gentlemans attackvery fine, or +a retreat, also good! Why ask me? said he. Why, you yourselves know +everything better than I do. + +But when Volknski said, with a frown, that it was in the Emperors name +that he asked his opinion, Pfuel rose and, suddenly growing animated, +began to speak + +Everything has been spoiled, everything muddled, everybody thought they +knew better than I did, and now you come to me! How mend matters? There +is nothing to mend! The principles laid down by me must be strictly +adhered to, said he, drumming on the table with his bony fingers. What +is the difficulty? Nonsense, childishness! + +He went up to the map and speaking rapidly began proving that no +eventuality could alter the efficiency of the Drissa camp, that +everything had been foreseen, and that if the enemy were really going to +outflank it, the enemy would inevitably be destroyed. + +Paulucci, who did not know German, began questioning him in French. +Wolzogen came to the assistance of his chief, who spoke French badly, +and began translating for him, hardly able to keep pace with Pfuel, who +was rapidly demonstrating that not only all that had happened, but all +that could happen, had been foreseen in his scheme, and that if there +were now any difficulties the whole fault lay in the fact that his plan +had not been precisely executed. He kept laughing sarcastically, he +demonstrated, and at last contemptuously ceased to demonstrate, like +a mathematician who ceases to prove in various ways the accuracy of +a problem that has already been proved. Wolzogen took his place and +continued to explain his views in French, every now and then turning to +Pfuel and saying, Is it not so, your excellency? But Pfuel, like a man +heated in a fight who strikes those on his own side, shouted angrily at +his own supporter, Wolzogen + +Well, of course, what more is there to explain? + +Paulucci and Michaud both attacked Wolzogen simultaneously in French. +Armfeldt addressed Pfuel in German. Toll explained to Volknski in +Russian. Prince Andrew listened and observed in silence. + +Of all these men Prince Andrew sympathized most with Pfuel, angry, +determined, and absurdly self-confident as he was. Of all those present, +evidently he alone was not seeking anything for himself, nursed no +hatred against anyone, and only desired that the plan, formed on a +theory arrived at by years of toil, should be carried out. He was +ridiculous, and unpleasantly sarcastic, but yet he inspired involuntary +respect by his boundless devotion to an idea. Besides this, the remarks +of all except Pfuel had one common trait that had not been noticeable +at the council of war in 1805 there was now a panic fear of Napoleons +genius, which, though concealed, was noticeable in every rejoinder. +Everything was assumed to be possible for Napoleon, they expected him +from every side, and invoked his terrible name to shatter each others +proposals. Pfuel alone seemed to consider Napoleon a barbarian like +everyone else who opposed his theory. But besides this feeling of +respect, Pfuel evoked pity in Prince Andrew. From the tone in which +the courtiers addressed him and the way Paulucci had allowed himself to +speak of him to the Emperor, but above all from a certain desperation +in Pfuels own expressions, it was clear that the others knew, and Pfuel +himself felt, that his fall was at hand. And despite his self-confidence +and grumpy German sarcasm he was pitiable, with his hair smoothly +brushed on the temples and sticking up in tufts behind. Though he +concealed the fact under a show of irritation and contempt, he was +evidently in despair that the sole remaining chance of verifying his +theory by a huge experiment and proving its soundness to the whole world +was slipping away from him. + +The discussions continued a long time, and the longer they lasted +the more heated became the disputes, culminating in shouts and +personalities, and the less was it possible to arrive at any general +conclusion from all that had been said. Prince Andrew, listening to this +polyglot talk and to these surmises, plans, refutations, and shouts, +felt nothing but amazement at what they were saying. A thought that had +long since and often occurred to him during his military activitiesthe +idea that there is not and cannot be any science of war, and that +therefore there can be no such thing as a military geniusnow appeared +to him an obvious truth. What theory and science is possible about a +matter the conditions and circumstances of which are unknown and cannot +be defined, especially when the strength of the acting forces cannot be +ascertained? No one was or is able to foresee in what condition our or +the enemys armies will be in a days time, and no one can gauge the +force of this or that detachment. Sometimeswhen there is not a coward +at the front to shout, We are cut off! and start running, but a brave +and jolly lad who shouts, Hurrah!a detachment of five thousand +is worth thirty thousand, as at Schn Grabern, while at times fifty +thousand run from eight thousand, as at Austerlitz. What science can +there be in a matter in which, as in all practical matters, nothing +can be defined and everything depends on innumerable conditions, the +significance of which is determined at a particular moment which arrives +no one knows when? Armfeldt says our army is cut in half, and Paulucci +says we have got the French army between two fires Michaud says that +the worthlessness of the Drissa camp lies in having the river behind it, +and Pfuel says that is what constitutes its strength Toll proposes +one plan, Armfeldt another, and they are all good and all bad, and the +advantages of any suggestions can be seen only at the moment of trial. +And why do they all speak of a military genius? Is a man a genius who +can order bread to be brought up at the right time and say who is to go +to the right and who to the left? It is only because military men are +invested with pomp and power and crowds of sychophants flatter power, +attributing to it qualities of genius it does not possess. The best +generals I have known were, on the contrary, stupid or absent-minded +men. Bagratin was the best, Napoleon himself admitted that. And of +Bonaparte himself! I remember his limited, self-satisfied face on the +field of Austerlitz. Not only does a good army commander not need any +special qualities, on the contrary he needs the absence of the highest +and best human attributeslove, poetry, tenderness, and philosophic +inquiring doubt. He should be limited, firmly convinced that what he +is doing is very important (otherwise he will not have sufficient +patience), and only then will he be a brave leader. God forbid that he +should be humane, should love, or pity, or think of what is just +and unjust. It is understandable that a theory of their genius was +invented for them long ago because they have power! The success of a +military action depends not on them, but on the man in the ranks who +shouts, We are lost! or who shouts, Hurrah! And only in the ranks +can one serve with assurance of being useful. + +So thought Prince Andrew as he listened to the talking, and he roused +himself only when Paulucci called him and everyone was leaving. + +At the review next day the Emperor asked Prince Andrew where he would +like to serve, and Prince Andrew lost his standing in court circles +forever by not asking to remain attached to the sovereigns person, but +for permission to serve in the army. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Before the beginning of the campaign, Rostv had received a letter from +his parents in which they told him briefly of Natshas illness and the +breaking off of her engagement to Prince Andrew (which they explained by +Natshas having rejected him) and again asked Nicholas to retire from +the army and return home. On receiving this letter, Nicholas did not +even make any attempt to get leave of absence or to retire from the +army, but wrote to his parents that he was sorry Natsha was ill and her +engagement broken off, and that he would do all he could to meet their +wishes. To Snya he wrote separately. + +Adored friend of my soul! he wrote. Nothing but honor could keep +me from returning to the country. But now, at the commencement of the +campaign, I should feel dishonored, not only in my comrades eyes but +in my own, if I preferred my own happiness to my love and duty to the +Fatherland. But this shall be our last separation. Believe me, directly +the war is over, if I am still alive and still loved by you, I will +throw up everything and fly to you, to press you forever to my ardent +breast. + +It was, in fact, only the commencement of the campaign that prevented +Rostv from returning home as he had promised and marrying Snya. The +autumn in Otrdnoe with the hunting, and the winter with the Christmas +holidays and Snyas love, had opened out to him a vista of tranquil +rural joys and peace such as he had never known before, and which now +allured him. A splendid wife, children, a good pack of hounds, a +dozen leashes of smart borzois, agriculture, neighbors, service by +election... thought he. But now the campaign was beginning, and he had +to remain with his regiment. And since it had to be so, Nicholas Rostv, +as was natural to him, felt contented with the life he led in the +regiment and was able to find pleasure in that life. + +On his return from his furlough Nicholas, having been joyfully welcomed +by his comrades, was sent to obtain remounts and brought back from the +Ukraine excellent horses which pleased him and earned him commendation +from his commanders. During his absence he had been promoted captain, +and when the regiment was put on war footing with an increase in +numbers, he was again allotted his old squadron. + +The campaign began, the regiment was moved into Poland on double pay, +new officers arrived, new men and horses, and above all everybody was +infected with the merrily excited mood that goes with the commencement +of a war, and Rostv, conscious of his advantageous position in the +regiment, devoted himself entirely to the pleasures and interests of +military service, though he knew that sooner or later he would have to +relinquish them. + +The troops retired from Vlna for various complicated reasons of state, +political and strategic. Each step of the retreat was accompanied by +a complicated interplay of interests, arguments, and passions at +headquarters. For the Pvlograd hussars, however, the whole of this +retreat during the finest period of summer and with sufficient supplies +was a very simple and agreeable business. + +It was only at headquarters that there was depression, uneasiness, and +intriguing in the body of the army they did not ask themselves where +they were going or why. If they regretted having to retreat, it was only +because they had to leave billets they had grown accustomed to, or some +pretty young Polish lady. If the thought that things looked bad chanced +to enter anyones head, he tried to be as cheerful as befits a good +soldier and not to think of the general trend of affairs, but only of +the task nearest to hand. First they camped gaily before Vlna, making +acquaintance with the Polish landowners, preparing for reviews and being +reviewed by the Emperor and other high commanders. Then came an order +to retreat to Sventsyni and destroy any provisions they could not carry +away with them. Sventsyni was remembered by the hussars only as the +drunken camp, a name the whole army gave to their encampment there, +and because many complaints were made against the troops, who, taking +advantage of the order to collect provisions, took also horses, +carriages, and carpets from the Polish proprietors. Rostv remembered +Sventsyni, because on the first day of their arrival at that small town +he changed his sergeant major and was unable to manage all the drunken +men of his squadron who, unknown to him, had appropriated five barrels +of old beer. From Sventsyni they retired farther and farther to Drissa, +and thence again beyond Drissa, drawing near to the frontier of Russia +proper. + +On the thirteenth of July the Pvlograds took part in a serious action +for the first time. + +On the twelfth of July, on the eve of that action, there was a heavy +storm of rain and hail. In general, the summer of 1812 was remarkable +for its storms. + +The two Pvlograd squadrons were bivouacking on a field of rye, which +was already in ear but had been completely trodden down by cattle and +horses. The rain was descending in torrents, and Rostv, with a young +officer named Ilyn, his protg, was sitting in a hastily constructed +shelter. An officer of their regiment, with long mustaches extending +onto his cheeks, who after riding to the staff had been overtaken by the +rain, entered Rostvs shelter. + +I have come from the staff, Count. Have you heard of Ravskis +exploit? + +And the officer gave them details of the Saltnov battle, which he had +heard at the staff. + +Rostv, smoking his pipe and turning his head about as the water +trickled down his neck, listened inattentively, with an occasional +glance at Ilyn, who was pressing close to him. This officer, a lad +of sixteen who had recently joined the regiment, was now in the same +relation to Nicholas that Nicholas had been to Densov seven years +before. Ilyn tried to imitate Rostv in everything and adored him as a +girl might have done. + +Zdrzhinski, the officer with the long mustache, spoke grandiloquently of +the Saltnov dam being a Russian Thermopylae, and of how a deed worthy +of antiquity had been performed by General Ravski. He recounted how +Ravski had led his two sons onto the dam under terrific fire and had +charged with them beside him. Rostv heard the story and not only said +nothing to encourage Zdrzhinskis enthusiasm but, on the contrary, +looked like a man ashamed of what he was hearing, though with no +intention of contradicting it. Since the campaigns of Austerlitz and +of 1807 Rostv knew by experience that men always lie when describing +military exploits, as he himself had done when recounting them besides +that, he had experience enough to know that nothing happens in war at +all as we can imagine or relate it. And so he did not like Zdrzhinskis +tale, nor did he like Zdrzhinski himself who, with his mustaches +extending over his cheeks, bent low over the face of his hearer, as was +his habit, and crowded Rostv in the narrow shanty. Rostv looked at him +in silence. In the first place, there must have been such a confusion +and crowding on the dam that was being attacked that if Ravski did lead +his sons there, it could have had no effect except perhaps on some dozen +men nearest to him, thought he, the rest could not have seen how or +with whom Ravski came onto the dam. And even those who did see it +would not have been much stimulated by it, for what had they to do with +Ravskis tender paternal feelings when their own skins were in danger? +And besides, the fate of the Fatherland did not depend on whether +they took the Saltnov dam or not, as we are told was the case at +Thermopylae. So why should he have made such a sacrifice? And why expose +his own children in the battle? I would not have taken my brother Ptya +there, or even Ilyn, whos a stranger to me but a nice lad, but would +have tried to put them somewhere under cover, Nicholas continued +to think, as he listened to Zdrzhinski. But he did not express his +thoughts, for in such matters, too, he had gained experience. He knew +that this tale redounded to the glory of our arms and so one had to +pretend not to doubt it. And he acted accordingly. + +I cant stand this any more, said Ilyn, noticing that Rostv did not +relish Zdrzhinskis conversation. My stockings and shirt... and the +water is running on my seat! Ill go and look for shelter. The rain +seems less heavy. + +Ilyn went out and Zdrzhinski rode away. + +Five minutes later Ilyn, splashing through the mud, came running back +to the shanty. + +Hurrah! Rostv, come quick! Ive found it! About two hundred yards away +theres a tavern where ours have already gathered. We can at least get +dry there, and Mary Hendrkhovnas there. + +Mary Hendrkhovna was the wife of the regimental doctor, a pretty young +German woman he had married in Poland. The doctor, whether from lack +of means or because he did not like to part from his young wife in +the early days of their marriage, took her about with him wherever the +hussar regiment went and his jealousy had become a standing joke among +the hussar officers. + +Rostv threw his cloak over his shoulders, shouted to Lavrshka to +follow with the things, andnow slipping in the mud, now splashing right +through itset off with Ilyn in the lessening rain and the darkness +that was occasionally rent by distant lightning. + +Rostv, where are you? + +Here. What lightning! they called to one another. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +In the tavern, before which stood the doctors covered cart, there were +already some five officers. Mary Hendrkhovna, a plump little blonde +German, in a dressing jacket and nightcap, was sitting on a broad bench +in the front corner. Her husband, the doctor, lay asleep behind her. +Rostv and Ilyn, on entering the room, were welcomed with merry shouts +and laughter. + +Dear me, how jolly we are! said Rostv laughing. + +And why do you stand there gaping? + +What swells they are! Why, the water streams from them! Dont make our +drawing room so wet. + +Dont mess Mary Hendrkhovnas dress! cried other voices. + +Rostv and Ilyn hastened to find a corner where they could change into +dry clothes without offending Mary Hendrkhovnas modesty. They were +going into a tiny recess behind a partition to change, but found it +completely filled by three officers who sat playing cards by the light +of a solitary candle on an empty box, and these officers would on no +account yield their position. Mary Hendrkhovna obliged them with the +loan of a petticoat to be used as a curtain, and behind that screen +Rostv and Ilyn, helped by Lavrshka who had brought their kits, +changed their wet things for dry ones. + +A fire was made up in the dilapidated brick stove. A board was found, +fixed on two saddles and covered with a horsecloth, a small samovar was +produced and a cellaret and half a bottle of rum, and having asked Mary +Hendrkhovna to preside, they all crowded round her. One offered her a +clean handkerchief to wipe her charming hands, another spread a jacket +under her little feet to keep them from the damp, another hung his coat +over the window to keep out the draft, and yet another waved the flies +off her husbands face, lest he should wake up. + +Leave him alone, said Mary Hendrkhovna, smiling timidly and happily. +He is sleeping well as it is, after a sleepless night. + +Oh, no, Mary Hendrkhovna, replied the officer, one must look after +the doctor. Perhaps hell take pity on me someday, when it comes to +cutting off a leg or an arm for me. + +There were only three tumblers, the water was so muddy that one could +not make out whether the tea was strong or weak, and the samovar held +only six tumblers of water, but this made it all the pleasanter to +take turns in order of seniority to receive ones tumbler from Mary +Hendrkhovnas plump little hands with their short and not overclean +nails. All the officers appeared to be, and really were, in love with +her that evening. Even those playing cards behind the partition soon +left their game and came over to the samovar, yielding to the general +mood of courting Mary Hendrkhovna. She, seeing herself surrounded by +such brilliant and polite young men, beamed with satisfaction, try as +she might to hide it, and perturbed as she evidently was each time her +husband moved in his sleep behind her. + +There was only one spoon, sugar was more plentiful than anything +else, but it took too long to dissolve, so it was decided that Mary +Hendrkhovna should stir the sugar for everyone in turn. Rostv received +his tumbler, and adding some rum to it asked Mary Hendrkhovna to stir +it. + +But you take it without sugar? she said, smiling all the time, as if +everything she said and everything the others said was very amusing and +had a double meaning. + +It is not the sugar I want, but only that your little hand should stir +my tea. + +Mary Hendrkhovna assented and began looking for the spoon which someone +meanwhile had pounced on. + +Use your finger, Mary Hendrkhovna, it will be still nicer, said +Rostv. + +Too hot! she replied, blushing with pleasure. + +Ilyn put a few drops of rum into the bucket of water and brought it to +Mary Hendrkhovna, asking her to stir it with her finger. + +This is my cup, said he. Only dip your finger in it and Ill drink it +all up. + +When they had emptied the samovar, Rostv took a pack of cards and +proposed that they should play Kings with Mary Hendrkhovna. They drew +lots to settle who should make up her set. At Rostvs suggestion it +was agreed that whoever became King should have the right to kiss Mary +Hendrkhovnas hand, and that the Booby should go to refill and reheat +the samovar for the doctor when the latter awoke. + +Well, but supposing Mary Hendrkhovna is King? asked Ilyn. + +As it is, she is Queen, and her word is law! + +They had hardly begun to play before the doctors disheveled head +suddenly appeared from behind Mary Hendrkhovna. He had been awake for +some time, listening to what was being said, and evidently found nothing +entertaining or amusing in what was going on. His face was sad and +depressed. Without greeting the officers, he scratched himself and asked +to be allowed to pass as they were blocking the way. As soon as he +had left the room all the officers burst into loud laughter and Mary +Hendrkhovna blushed till her eyes filled with tears and thereby became +still more attractive to them. Returning from the yard, the doctor +told his wife (who had ceased to smile so happily, and looked at him in +alarm, awaiting her sentence) that the rain had ceased and they must go +to sleep in their covered cart, or everything in it would be stolen. + +But Ill send an orderly.... Two of them! said Rostv. What an idea, +doctor! + +Ill stand guard on it myself! said Ilyn. + +No, gentlemen, you have had your sleep, but I have not slept for two +nights, replied the doctor, and he sat down morosely beside his wife, +waiting for the game to end. + +Seeing his gloomy face as he frowned at his wife, the officers grew +still merrier, and some of them could not refrain from laughter, for +which they hurriedly sought plausible pretexts. When he had gone, taking +his wife with him, and had settled down with her in their covered cart, +the officers lay down in the tavern, covering themselves with their +wet cloaks, but they did not sleep for a long time now they exchanged +remarks, recalling the doctors uneasiness and his wifes delight, now +they ran out into the porch and reported what was taking place in the +covered trap. Several times Rostv, covering his head, tried to go +to sleep, but some remark would arouse him and conversation would be +resumed, to the accompaniment of unreasoning, merry, childlike laughter. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +It was nearly three oclock but no one was yet asleep, when the +quartermaster appeared with an order to move on to the little town +of Ostrvna. Still laughing and talking, the officers began hurriedly +getting ready and again boiled some muddy water in the samovar. But +Rostv went off to his squadron without waiting for tea. Day was +breaking, the rain had ceased, and the clouds were dispersing. It felt +damp and cold, especially in clothes that were still moist. As they left +the tavern in the twilight of the dawn, Rostv and Ilyn both glanced +under the wet and glistening leather hood of the doctors cart, from +under the apron of which his feet were sticking out, and in the middle +of which his wifes nightcap was visible and her sleepy breathing +audible. + +She really is a dear little thing, said Rostv to Ilyn, who was +following him. + +A charming woman! said Ilyn, with all the gravity of a boy of +sixteen. + +Half an hour later the squadron was lined up on the road. The command +was heard to mount and the soldiers crossed themselves and mounted. +Rostv riding in front gave the order Forward! and the hussars, with +clanking sabers and subdued talk, their horses hoofs splashing in the +mud, defiled in fours and moved along the broad road planted with birch +trees on each side, following the infantry and a battery that had gone +on in front. + +Tattered, blue-purple clouds, reddening in the east, were scudding +before the wind. It was growing lighter and lighter. That curly grass +which always grows by country roadsides became clearly visible, still +wet with the nights rain the drooping branches of the birches, also +wet, swayed in the wind and flung down bright drops of water to one +side. The soldiers faces were more and more clearly visible. Rostv, +always closely followed by Ilyn, rode along the side of the road +between two rows of birch trees. + +When campaigning, Rostv allowed himself the indulgence of riding not +a regimental but a Cossack horse. A judge of horses and a sportsman, +he had lately procured himself a large, fine, mettlesome, Donts horse, +dun-colored, with light mane and tail, and when he rode it no one could +outgallop him. To ride this horse was a pleasure to him, and he thought +of the horse, of the morning, of the doctors wife, but not once of the +impending danger. + +Formerly, when going into action, Rostv had felt afraid now he had +not the least feeling of fear. He was fearless, not because he had grown +used to being under fire (one cannot grow used to danger), but because +he had learned how to manage his thoughts when in danger. He had grown +accustomed when going into action to think about anything but what would +seem most likely to interest himthe impending danger. During the +first period of his service, hard as he tried and much as he reproached +himself with cowardice, he had not been able to do this, but with time +it had come of itself. Now he rode beside Ilyn under the birch trees, +occasionally plucking leaves from a branch that met his hand, sometimes +touching his horses side with his foot, or, without turning round, +handing a pipe he had finished to an hussar riding behind him, with as +calm and careless an air as though he were merely out for a ride. He +glanced with pity at the excited face of Ilyn, who talked much and in +great agitation. He knew from experience the tormenting expectation of +terror and death the cornet was suffering and knew that only time could +help him. + +As soon as the sun appeared in a clear strip of sky beneath the clouds, +the wind fell, as if it dared not spoil the beauty of the summer morning +after the storm drops still continued to fall, but vertically now, and +all was still. The whole sun appeared on the horizon and disappeared +behind a long narrow cloud that hung above it. A few minutes later it +reappeared brighter still from behind the top of the cloud, tearing its +edge. Everything grew bright and glittered. And with that light, and as +if in reply to it, came the sound of guns ahead of them. + +Before Rostv had had time to consider and determine the distance of +that firing, Count Ostermann-Tolstys adjutant came galloping from +Vtebsk with orders to advance at a trot along the road. + +The squadron overtook and passed the infantry and the batterywhich had +also quickened their pacerode down a hill, and passing through an empty +and deserted village again ascended. The horses began to lather and the +men to flush. + +Halt! Dress your ranks! the order of the regimental commander was +heard ahead. Forward by the left. Walk, march! came the order from in +front. + +And the hussars, passing along the line of troops on the left flank of +our position, halted behind our Uhlans who were in the front line. To +the right stood our infantry in a dense column they were the reserve. +Higher up the hill, on the very horizon, our guns were visible through +the wonderfully clear air, brightly illuminated by slanting morning +sunbeams. In front, beyond a hollow dale, could be seen the enemys +columns and guns. Our advanced line, already in action, could be heard +briskly exchanging shots with the enemy in the dale. + +At these sounds, long unheard, Rostvs spirits rose, as at the strains +of the merriest music. Trap-ta-ta-tap! cracked the shots, now together, +now several quickly one after another. Again all was silent and then +again it sounded as if someone were walking on detonators and exploding +them. + +The hussars remained in the same place for about an hour. A cannonade +began. Count Ostermann with his suite rode up behind the squadron, +halted, spoke to the commander of the regiment, and rode up the hill to +the guns. + +After Ostermann had gone, a command rang out to the Uhlans. + +Form column! Prepare to charge! + +The infantry in front of them parted into platoons to allow the cavalry +to pass. The Uhlans started, the streamers on their spears fluttering, +and trotted downhill toward the French cavalry which was seen below to +the left. + +As soon as the Uhlans descended the hill, the hussars were ordered up +the hill to support the battery. As they took the places vacated by the +Uhlans, bullets came from the front, whining and whistling, but fell +spent without taking effect. + +The sounds, which he had not heard for so long, had an even more +pleasurable and exhilarating effect on Rostv than the previous sounds +of firing. Drawing himself up, he viewed the field of battle opening out +before him from the hill, and with his whole soul followed the movement +of the Uhlans. They swooped down close to the French dragoons, something +confused happened there amid the smoke, and five minutes later our +Uhlans were galloping back, not to the place they had occupied but more +to the left, and among the orange-colored Uhlans on chestnut horses and +behind them, in a large group, blue French dragoons on gray horses could +be seen. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +Rostv, with his keen sportsmans eye, was one of the first to catch +sight of these blue French dragoons pursuing our Uhlans. Nearer and +nearer in disorderly crowds came the Uhlans and the French dragoons +pursuing them. He could already see how these men, who looked so small +at the foot of the hill, jostled and overtook one another, waving their +arms and their sabers in the air. + +Rostv gazed at what was happening before him as at a hunt. He felt +instinctively that if the hussars struck at the French dragoons now, the +latter could not withstand them, but if a charge was to be made it must +be done now, at that very moment, or it would be too late. He looked +around. A captain, standing beside him, was gazing like himself with +eyes fixed on the cavalry below them. + +Andrew Sevastynych! said Rostv. You know, we could crush them.... + +A fine thing too! replied the captain, and really... + +Rostv, without waiting to hear him out, touched his horse, galloped to +the front of his squadron, and before he had time to finish giving the +word of command, the whole squadron, sharing his feeling, was following +him. Rostv himself did not know how or why he did it. He acted as he +did when hunting, without reflecting or considering. He saw the dragoons +near and that they were galloping in disorder he knew they could not +withstand an attackknew there was only that moment and that if he let +it slip it would not return. The bullets were whining and whistling so +stimulatingly around him and his horse was so eager to go that he could +not restrain himself. He touched his horse, gave the word of command, +and immediately, hearing behind him the tramp of the horses of his +deployed squadron, rode at full trot downhill toward the dragoons. +Hardly had they reached the bottom of the hill before their pace +instinctively changed to a gallop, which grew faster and faster as they +drew nearer to our Uhlans and the French dragoons who galloped after +them. The dragoons were now close at hand. On seeing the hussars, the +foremost began to turn, while those behind began to halt. With the same +feeling with which he had galloped across the path of a wolf, Rostv +gave rein to his Donts horse and galloped to intersect the path of the +dragoons disordered lines. One Uhlan stopped, another who was on foot +flung himself to the ground to avoid being knocked over, and a riderless +horse fell in among the hussars. Nearly all the French dragoons were +galloping back. Rostv, picking out one on a gray horse, dashed after +him. On the way he came upon a bush, his gallant horse cleared it, and +almost before he had righted himself in his saddle he saw that he would +immediately overtake the enemy he had selected. That Frenchman, by his +uniform an officer, was going at a gallop, crouching on his gray horse +and urging it on with his saber. In another moment Rostvs horse dashed +its breast against the hindquarters of the officers horse, almost +knocking it over, and at the same instant Rostv, without knowing why, +raised his saber and struck the Frenchman with it. + +The instant he had done this, all Rostvs animation vanished. The +officer fell, not so much from the blowwhich had but slightly cut his +arm above the elbowas from the shock to his horse and from fright. +Rostv reined in his horse, and his eyes sought his foe to see whom he +had vanquished. The French dragoon officer was hopping with one foot on +the ground, the other being caught in the stirrup. His eyes, screwed +up with fear as if he every moment expected another blow, gazed up at +Rostv with shrinking terror. His pale and mud-stained facefair and +young, with a dimple in the chin and light-blue eyeswas not an enemys +face at all suited to a battlefield, but a most ordinary, homelike face. +Before Rostv had decided what to do with him, the officer cried, I +surrender! He hurriedly but vainly tried to get his foot out of the +stirrup and did not remove his frightened blue eyes from Rostvs face. +Some hussars who galloped up disengaged his foot and helped him into the +saddle. On all sides, the hussars were busy with the dragoons one was +wounded, but though his face was bleeding, he would not give up his +horse another was perched up behind an hussar with his arms round him +a third was being helped by an hussar to mount his horse. In front, the +French infantry were firing as they ran. The hussars galloped hastily +back with their prisoners. Rostv galloped back with the rest, aware of +an unpleasant feeling of depression in his heart. Something vague and +confused, which he could not at all account for, had come over him with +the capture of that officer and the blow he had dealt him. + +Count Ostermann-Tolsty met the returning hussars, sent for Rostv, +thanked him, and said he would report his gallant deed to the Emperor +and would recommend him for a St. Georges Cross. When sent for by Count +Ostermann, Rostv, remembering that he had charged without orders, +felt sure his commander was sending for him to punish him for breach of +discipline. Ostermanns flattering words and promise of a reward should +therefore have struck him all the more pleasantly, but he still felt +that same vaguely disagreeable feeling of moral nausea. But what +on earth is worrying me? he asked himself as he rode back from the +general. Ilyn? No, hes safe. Have I disgraced myself in any way? No, +thats not it. Something else, resembling remorse, tormented him. Yes, +oh yes, that French officer with the dimple. And I remember how my arm +paused when I raised it. + +Rostv saw the prisoners being led away and galloped after them to have +a look at his Frenchman with the dimple on his chin. He was sitting in +his foreign uniform on an hussar packhorse and looked anxiously about +him. The sword cut on his arm could scarcely be called a wound. He +glanced at Rostv with a feigned smile and waved his hand in greeting. +Rostv still had the same indefinite feeling, as of shame. + +All that day and the next his friends and comrades noticed that Rostv, +without being dull or angry, was silent, thoughtful, and preoccupied. +He drank reluctantly, tried to remain alone, and kept turning something +over in his mind. + +Rostv was always thinking about that brilliant exploit of his, which to +his amazement had gained him the St. Georges Cross and even given him +a reputation for bravery, and there was something he could not at all +understand. So others are even more afraid than I am! he thought. So +thats all there is in what is called heroism! And did I do it for my +countrys sake? And how was he to blame, with his dimple and blue eyes? +And how frightened he was! He thought that I should kill him. Why should +I kill him? My hand trembled. And they have given me a St. Georges +Cross.... I cant make it out at all. + +But while Nicholas was considering these questions and still could reach +no clear solution of what puzzled him so, the wheel of fortune in the +service, as often happens, turned in his favor. After the affair at +Ostrvna he was brought into notice, received command of an hussar +battalion, and when a brave officer was needed he was chosen. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +On receiving news of Natshas illness, the countess, though not quite +well yet and still weak, went to Moscow with Ptya and the rest of the +household, and the whole family moved from Mrya Dmtrievnas house to +their own and settled down in town. + +Natshas illness was so serious that, fortunately for her and for +her parents, the consideration of all that had caused the illness, +her conduct and the breaking off of her engagement, receded into the +background. She was so ill that it was impossible for them to consider +in how far she was to blame for what had happened. She could not eat +or sleep, grew visibly thinner, coughed, and, as the doctors made them +feel, was in danger. They could not think of anything but how to help +her. Doctors came to see her singly and in consultation, talked much in +French, German, and Latin, blamed one another, and prescribed a great +variety of medicines for all the diseases known to them, but the simple +idea never occurred to any of them that they could not know the disease +Natsha was suffering from, as no disease suffered by a live man can be +known, for every living person has his own peculiarities and always +has his own peculiar, personal, novel, complicated disease, unknown to +medicinenot a disease of the lungs, liver, skin, heart, nerves, and so +on mentioned in medical books, but a disease consisting of one of the +innumerable combinations of the maladies of those organs. This simple +thought could not occur to the doctors (as it cannot occur to a wizard +that he is unable to work his charms) because the business of their +lives was to cure, and they received money for it and had spent the best +years of their lives on that business. But, above all, that thought +was kept out of their minds by the fact that they saw they were +really useful, as in fact they were to the whole Rostv family. Their +usefulness did not depend on making the patient swallow substances for +the most part harmful (the harm was scarcely perceptible, as they +were given in small doses), but they were useful, necessary, and +indispensable because they satisfied a mental need of the invalid and +of those who loved herand that is why there are, and always will be, +pseudo-healers, wise women, homeopaths, and allopaths. They satisfied +that eternal human need for hope of relief, for sympathy, and that +something should be done, which is felt by those who are suffering. They +satisfied the need seen in its most elementary form in a child, when it +wants to have a place rubbed that has been hurt. A child knocks itself +and runs at once to the arms of its mother or nurse to have the aching +spot rubbed or kissed, and it feels better when this is done. The child +cannot believe that the strongest and wisest of its people have no +remedy for its pain, and the hope of relief and the expression of its +mothers sympathy while she rubs the bump comforts it. The doctors were +of use to Natsha because they kissed and rubbed her bump, assuring her +that it would soon pass if only the coachman went to the chemists in +the Arbt and got a powder and some pills in a pretty box for a ruble +and seventy kopeks, and if she took those powders in boiled water at +intervals of precisely two hours, neither more nor less. + +What would Snya and the count and countess have done, how would they +have looked, if nothing had been done, if there had not been those pills +to give by the clock, the warm drinks, the chicken cutlets, and all the +other details of life ordered by the doctors, the carrying out of which +supplied an occupation and consolation to the family circle? How would +the count have borne his dearly loved daughters illness had he not +known that it was costing him a thousand rubles, and that he would not +grudge thousands more to benefit her, or had he not known that if her +illness continued he would not grudge yet other thousands and would take +her abroad for consultations there, and had he not been able to explain +the details of how Mtivier and Feller had not understood the symptoms, +but Frise had, and Mdrov had diagnosed them even better? What would the +countess have done had she not been able sometimes to scold the invalid +for not strictly obeying the doctors orders? + +Youll never get well like that, she would say, forgetting her grief +in her vexation, if you wont obey the doctor and take your medicine at +the right time! You mustnt trifle with it, you know, or it may turn to +pneumonia, she would go on, deriving much comfort from the utterance of +that foreign word, incomprehensible to others as well as to herself. + +What would Snya have done without the glad consciousness that she had +not undressed during the first three nights, in order to be ready to +carry out all the doctors injunctions with precision, and that she +still kept awake at night so as not to miss the proper time when the +slightly harmful pills in the little gilt box had to be administered? +Even to Natsha herself it was pleasant to see that so many sacrifices +were being made for her sake, and to know that she had to take medicine +at certain hours, though she declared that no medicine would cure her +and that it was all nonsense. And it was even pleasant to be able to +show, by disregarding the orders, that she did not believe in medical +treatment and did not value her life. + +The doctor came every day, felt her pulse, looked at her tongue, and +regardless of her grief-stricken face joked with her. But when he had +gone into another room, to which the countess hurriedly followed him, he +assumed a grave air and thoughtfully shaking his head said that though +there was danger, he had hopes of the effect of this last medicine and +one must wait and see, that the malady was chiefly mental, but... And +the countess, trying to conceal the action from herself and from him, +slipped a gold coin into his hand and always returned to the patient +with a more tranquil mind. + +The symptoms of Natshas illness were that she ate little, slept +little, coughed, and was always low-spirited. The doctors said that +she could not get on without medical treatment, so they kept her in the +stifling atmosphere of the town, and the Rostvs did not move to the +country that summer of 1812. + +In spite of the many pills she swallowed and the drops and powders out +of the little bottles and boxes of which Madame Schoss who was fond of +such things made a large collection, and in spite of being deprived of +the country life to which she was accustomed, youth prevailed. Natshas +grief began to be overlaid by the impressions of daily life, it ceased +to press so painfully on her heart, it gradually faded into the past, +and she began to recover physically. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Natsha was calmer but no happier. She not merely avoided all external +forms of pleasureballs, promenades, concerts, and theatersbut she +never laughed without a sound of tears in her laughter. She could not +sing. As soon as she began to laugh, or tried to sing by herself, tears +choked her tears of remorse, tears at the recollection of those pure +times which could never return, tears of vexation that she should so +uselessly have ruined her young life which might have been so happy. +Laughter and singing in particular seemed to her like a blasphemy, +in face of her sorrow. Without any need of self-restraint, no wish to +coquet ever entered her head. She said and felt at that time that no +man was more to her than Nastsya Ivnovna, the buffoon. Something stood +sentinel within her and forbade her every joy. Besides, she had lost all +the old interests of her carefree girlish life that had been so full +of hope. The previous autumn, the hunting, Uncle, and the Christmas +holidays spent with Nicholas at Otrdnoe were what she recalled oftenest +and most painfully. What would she not have given to bring back even a +single day of that time! But it was gone forever. Her presentiment at +the time had not deceived herthat that state of freedom and readiness +for any enjoyment would not return again. Yet it was necessary to live +on. + +It comforted her to reflect that she was not better as she had formerly +imagined, but worse, much worse, than anybody else in the world. But +this was not enough. She knew that, and asked herself, What next? +But there was nothing to come. There was no joy in life, yet life was +passing. Natsha apparently tried not to be a burden or a hindrance to +anyone, but wanted nothing for herself. She kept away from everyone in +the house and felt at ease only with her brother Ptya. She liked to +be with him better than with the others, and when alone with him she +sometimes laughed. She hardly ever left the house and of those who came +to see them was glad to see only one person, Pierre. It would have been +impossible to treat her with more delicacy, greater care, and at the +same time more seriously than did Count Bezkhov. Natsha unconsciously +felt this delicacy and so found great pleasure in his society. But +she was not even grateful to him for it nothing good on Pierres part +seemed to her to be an effort, it seemed so natural for him to be kind +to everyone that there was no merit in his kindness. Sometimes Natsha +noticed embarrassment and awkwardness on his part in her presence, +especially when he wanted to do something to please her, or feared that +something they spoke of would awaken memories distressing to her. She +noticed this and attributed it to his general kindness and shyness, +which she imagined must be the same toward everyone as it was to her. +After those involuntary wordsthat if he were free he would have asked +on his knees for her hand and her loveuttered at a moment when she was +so strongly agitated, Pierre never spoke to Natsha of his feelings +and it seemed plain to her that those words, which had then so comforted +her, were spoken as all sorts of meaningless words are spoken to comfort +a crying child. It was not because Pierre was a married man, but because +Natsha felt very strongly with him that moral barrier the absence of +which she had experienced with Kurgin that it never entered her head +that the relations between him and herself could lead to love on her +part, still less on his, or even to the kind of tender, self-conscious, +romantic friendship between a man and a woman of which she had known +several instances. + +Before the end of the fast of St. Peter, Agrafna Ivnovna Belva, a +country neighbor of the Rostvs, came to Moscow to pay her devotions at +the shrines of the Moscow saints. She suggested that Natsha should fast +and prepare for Holy Communion, and Natsha gladly welcomed the idea. +Despite the doctors orders that she should not go out early in the +morning, Natsha insisted on fasting and preparing for the sacrament, +not as they generally prepared for it in the Rostv family by attending +three services in their own house, but as Agrafna Ivnovna did, by +going to church every day for a week and not once missing Vespers, +Matins, or Mass. + +The countess was pleased with Natshas zeal after the poor results of +the medical treatment, in the depths of her heart she hoped that prayer +might help her daughter more than medicines and, though not without +fear and concealing it from the doctor, she agreed to Natshas wish and +entrusted her to Belva. Agrafna Ivnovna used to come to wake Natsha +at three in the morning, but generally found her already awake. She was +afraid of being late for Matins. Hastily washing, and meekly putting on +her shabbiest dress and an old mantilla, Natsha, shivering in the fresh +air, went out into the deserted streets lit by the clear light of dawn. +By Agrafna Ivnovnas advice Natsha prepared herself not in their +own parish, but at a church where, according to the devout Agrafna +Ivnovna, the priest was a man of very severe and lofty life. There were +never many people in the church Natsha always stood beside Belva in +the customary place before an icon of the Blessed Virgin, let into the +screen before the choir on the left side, and a feeling, new to her, of +humility before something great and incomprehensible, seized her when +at that unusual morning hour, gazing at the dark face of the Virgin +illuminated by the candles burning before it and by the morning light +falling from the window, she listened to the words of the service which +she tried to follow with understanding. When she understood them her +personal feeling became interwoven in the prayers with shades of its +own. When she did not understand, it was sweeter still to think that +the wish to understand everything is pride, that it is impossible to +understand all, that it is only necessary to believe and to commit +oneself to God, whom she felt guiding her soul at those moments. She +crossed herself, bowed low, and when she did not understand, in horror +at her own vileness, simply asked God to forgive her everything, +everything, to have mercy upon her. The prayers to which she surrendered +herself most of all were those of repentance. On her way home at an +early hour when she met no one but bricklayers going to work or men +sweeping the street, and everybody within the houses was still asleep, +Natsha experienced a feeling new to her, a sense of the possibility +of correcting her faults, the possibility of a new, clean life, and of +happiness. + +During the whole week she spent in this way, that feeling grew every +day. And the happiness of taking communion, or communing as Agrafna +Ivnovna, joyously playing with the word, called it, seemed to Natsha +so great that she felt she should never live till that blessed Sunday. + +But the happy day came, and on that memorable Sunday, when, dressed in +white muslin, she returned home after communion, for the first time for +many months she felt calm and not oppressed by the thought of the life +that lay before her. + +The doctor who came to see her that day ordered her to continue the +powders he had prescribed a fortnight previously. + +She must certainly go on taking them morning and evening, said +he, evidently sincerely satisfied with his success. Only, please be +particular about it. + +Be quite easy, he continued playfully, as he adroitly took the gold +coin in his palm. She will soon be singing and frolicking about. The +last medicine has done her a very great deal of good. She has freshened +up very much. + +The countess, with a cheerful expression on her face, looked down at her +nails and spat a little for luck as she returned to the drawing room. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +At the beginning of July more and more disquieting reports about the war +began to spread in Moscow people spoke of an appeal by the Emperor to +the people, and of his coming himself from the army to Moscow. And as +up to the eleventh of July no manifesto or appeal had been received, +exaggerated reports became current about them and about the position of +Russia. It was said that the Emperor was leaving the army because it was +in danger, it was said that Smolnsk had surrendered, that Napoleon had +an army of a million and only a miracle could save Russia. + +On the eleventh of July, which was Saturday, the manifesto was received +but was not yet in print, and Pierre, who was at the Rostvs, promised +to come to dinner next day, Sunday, and bring a copy of the manifesto +and appeal, which he would obtain from Count Rostopchn. + +That Sunday, the Rostvs went to Mass at the Razumvskis private chapel +as usual. It was a hot July day. Even at ten oclock, when the Rostvs +got out of their carriage at the chapel, the sultry air, the shouts of +hawkers, the light and gay summer clothes of the crowd, the dusty leaves +of the trees on the boulevard, the sounds of the band and the white +trousers of a battalion marching to parade, the rattling of wheels on +the cobblestones, and the brilliant, hot sunshine were all full of that +summer languor, that content and discontent with the present, which +is most strongly felt on a bright, hot day in town. All the Moscow +notabilities, all the Rostvs acquaintances, were at the Razumvskis +chapel, for, as if expecting something to happen, many wealthy families +who usually left town for their country estates had not gone away that +summer. As Natsha, at her mothers side, passed through the crowd +behind a liveried footman who cleared the way for them, she heard a +young man speaking about her in too loud a whisper. + +Thats Rostva, the one who... + +Shes much thinner, but all the same shes pretty! + +She heard, or thought she heard, the names of Kurgin and Bolknski. But +she was always imagining that. It always seemed to her that everyone +who looked at her was thinking only of what had happened to her. With a +sinking heart, wretched as she always was now when she found herself +in a crowd, Natsha in her lilac silk dress trimmed with black lace +walkedas women can walkwith the more repose and stateliness the +greater the pain and shame in her soul. She knew for certain that she +was pretty, but this no longer gave her satisfaction as it used to. +On the contrary it tormented her more than anything else of late, and +particularly so on this bright, hot summer day in town. Its Sunday +againanother week past, she thought, recalling that she had been here +the Sunday before, and always the same life that is no life, and the +same surroundings in which it used to be so easy to live. Im pretty, +Im young, and I know that now I am good. I used to be bad, but now I +know I am good, she thought, but yet my best years are slipping by +and are no good to anyone. She stood by her mothers side and exchanged +nods with acquaintances near her. From habit she scrutinized the ladies +dresses, condemned the bearing of a lady standing close by who was not +crossing herself properly but in a cramped manner, and again she thought +with vexation that she was herself being judged and was judging others, +and suddenly, at the sound of the service, she felt horrified at her own +vileness, horrified that the former purity of her soul was again lost to +her. + +A comely, fresh-looking old man was conducting the service with that +mild solemnity which has so elevating and soothing an effect on the +souls of the worshipers. The gates of the sanctuary screen were closed, +the curtain was slowly drawn, and from behind it a soft mysterious voice +pronounced some words. Tears, the cause of which she herself did not +understand, made Natshas breast heave, and a joyous but oppressive +feeling agitated her. + +Teach me what I should do, how to live my life, how I may grow good +forever, forever! she pleaded. + +The deacon came out onto the raised space before the altar screen and, +holding his thumb extended, drew his long hair from under his dalmatic +and, making the sign of the cross on his breast, began in a loud and +solemn voice to recite the words of the prayer.... + +In peace let us pray unto the Lord. + +As one community, without distinction of class, without enmity, united +by brotherly lovelet us pray! thought Natsha. + +For the peace that is from above, and for the salvation of our souls. + +For the world of angels and all the spirits who dwell above us, prayed +Natsha. + +When they prayed for the warriors, she thought of her brother and +Densov. When they prayed for all traveling by land and sea, she +remembered Prince Andrew, prayed for him, and asked God to forgive her +all the wrongs she had done him. When they prayed for those who love us, +she prayed for the members of her own family, her father and mother and +Snya, realizing for the first time how wrongly she had acted toward +them, and feeling all the strength of her love for them. When they +prayed for those who hate us, she tried to think of her enemies and +people who hated her, in order to pray for them. She included among her +enemies the creditors and all who had business dealings with her +father, and always at the thought of enemies and those who hated her she +remembered Anatole who had done her so much harmand though he did not +hate her she gladly prayed for him as for an enemy. Only at prayer did +she feel able to think clearly and calmly of Prince Andrew and Anatole, +as men for whom her feelings were as nothing compared with her awe and +devotion to God. When they prayed for the Imperial family and the Synod, +she bowed very low and made the sign of the cross, saying to herself +that even if she did not understand, still she could not doubt, and at +any rate loved the governing Synod and prayed for it. + +When he had finished the Litany the deacon crossed the stole over his +breast and said, Let us commit ourselves and our whole lives to Christ +the Lord! + +Commit ourselves to God, Natsha inwardly repeated. Lord God, I +submit myself to Thy will! she thought. I want nothing, wish for +nothing teach me what to do and how to use my will! Take me, take +me! prayed Natsha, with impatient emotion in her heart, not crossing +herself but letting her slender arms hang down as if expecting some +invisible power at any moment to take her and deliver her from herself, +from her regrets, desires, remorse, hopes, and sins. + +The countess looked round several times at her daughters softened face +and shining eyes and prayed God to help her. + +Unexpectedly, in the middle of the service, and not in the usual order +Natsha knew so well, the deacon brought out a small stool, the one he +knelt on when praying on Trinity Sunday, and placed it before the doors +of the sanctuary screen. The priest came out with his purple velvet +biretta on his head, adjusted his hair, and knelt down with an effort. +Everybody followed his example and they looked at one another in +surprise. Then came the prayer just received from the Synoda prayer for +the deliverance of Russia from hostile invasion. + +Lord God of might, God of our salvation! began the priest in that +voice, clear, not grandiloquent but mild, in which only the Slav clergy +read and which acts so irresistibly on a Russian heart. + +Lord God of might, God of our salvation! Look this day in mercy and +blessing on Thy humble people, and graciously hear us, spare us, and +have mercy upon us! This foe confounding Thy land, desiring to lay +waste the whole world, rises against us these lawless men are gathered +together to overthrow Thy kingdom, to destroy Thy dear Jerusalem, Thy +beloved Russia to defile Thy temples, to overthrow Thine altars, and to +desecrate our holy shrines. How long, O Lord, how long shall the wicked +triumph? How long shall they wield unlawful power? + +Lord God! Hear us when we pray to Thee strengthen with Thy might +our most gracious sovereign lord, the Emperor Alexander Pvlovich be +mindful of his uprightness and meekness, reward him according to his +righteousness, and let it preserve us, Thy chosen Israel! Bless his +counsels, his undertakings, and his work strengthen his kingdom by +Thine almighty hand, and give him victory over his enemy, even as Thou +gavest Moses the victory over Amalek, Gideon over Midian, and David over +Goliath. Preserve his army, put a bow of brass in the hands of those who +have armed themselves in Thy Name, and gird their loins with strength +for the fight. Take up the spear and shield and arise to help us +confound and put to shame those who have devised evil against us, may +they be before the faces of Thy faithful warriors as dust before the +wind, and may Thy mighty Angel confound them and put them to flight may +they be ensnared when they know it not, and may the plots they have laid +in secret be turned against them let them fall before Thy servants +feet and be laid low by our hosts! Lord, Thou art able to save both +great and small Thou art God, and man cannot prevail against Thee! + +God of our fathers! Remember Thy bounteous mercy and loving-kindness +which are from of old turn not Thy face from us, but be gracious to our +unworthiness, and in Thy great goodness and Thy many mercies regard not +our transgressions and iniquities! Create in us a clean heart and renew +a right spirit within us, strengthen us all in Thy faith, fortify our +hope, inspire us with true love one for another, arm us with unity of +spirit in the righteous defense of the heritage Thou gavest to us and +to our fathers, and let not the scepter of the wicked be exalted against +the destiny of those Thou hast sanctified. + +O Lord our God, in whom we believe and in whom we put our trust, let us +not be confounded in our hope of Thy mercy, and give us a token of Thy +blessing, that those who hate us and our Orthodox faith may see it and +be put to shame and perish, and may all the nations know that Thou art +the Lord and we are Thy people. Show Thy mercy upon us this day, O Lord, +and grant us Thy salvation make the hearts of Thy servants to rejoice +in Thy mercy smite down our enemies and destroy them swiftly beneath +the feet of Thy faithful servants! For Thou art the defense, the succor, +and the victory of them that put their trust in Thee, and to Thee be all +glory, to Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and forever, world without +end. Amen. + +In Natshas receptive condition of soul this prayer affected her +strongly. She listened to every word about the victory of Moses over +Amalek, of Gideon over Midian, and of David over Goliath, and about +the destruction of Thy Jerusalem, and she prayed to God with the +tenderness and emotion with which her heart was overflowing, but without +fully understanding what she was asking of God in that prayer. She +shared with all her heart in the prayer for the spirit of righteousness, +for the strengthening of the heart by faith and hope, and its animation +by love. But she could not pray that her enemies might be trampled under +foot when but a few minutes before she had been wishing she had more +of them that she might pray for them. But neither could she doubt the +righteousness of the prayer that was being read on bended knees. She +felt in her heart a devout and tremulous awe at the thought of the +punishment that overtakes men for their sins, and especially of her own +sins, and she prayed to God to forgive them all, and her too, and to +give them all, and her too, peace and happiness. And it seemed to her +that God heard her prayer. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +From the day when Pierre, after leaving the Rostvs with Natshas +grateful look fresh in his mind, had gazed at the comet that seemed to +be fixed in the sky and felt that something new was appearing on his own +horizonfrom that day the problem of the vanity and uselessness of all +earthly things, that had incessantly tormented him, no longer presented +itself. That terrible question Why? Wherefore? which had come to him +amid every occupation, was now replaced, not by another question or by a +reply to the former question, but by her image. When he listened to, or +himself took part in, trivial conversations, when he read or heard of +human baseness or folly, he was not horrified as formerly, and did +not ask himself why men struggled so about these things when all is so +transient and incomprehensiblebut he remembered her as he had last +seen her, and all his doubts vanishednot because she had answered +the questions that had haunted him, but because his conception of her +transferred him instantly to another, a brighter, realm of spiritual +activity in which no one could be justified or guiltya realm of beauty +and love which it was worth living for. Whatever worldly baseness +presented itself to him, he said to himself + +Well, supposing N. N. has swindled the country and the Tsar, and the +country and the Tsar confer honors upon him, what does that matter? She +smiled at me yesterday and asked me to come again, and I love her, and +no one will ever know it. And his soul felt calm and peaceful. + +Pierre still went into society, drank as much and led the same idle +and dissipated life, because besides the hours he spent at the Rostvs +there were other hours he had to spend somehow, and the habits and +acquaintances he had made in Moscow formed a current that bore him along +irresistibly. But latterly, when more and more disquieting reports came +from the seat of war and Natshas health began to improve and she +no longer aroused in him the former feeling of careful pity, an +ever-increasing restlessness, which he could not explain, took +possession of him. He felt that the condition he was in could not +continue long, that a catastrophe was coming which would change his +whole life, and he impatiently sought everywhere for signs of that +approaching catastrophe. One of his brother Masons had revealed to +Pierre the following prophecy concerning Napoleon, drawn from the +Revelation of St. John. + +In chapter 13, verse 18, of the Apocalypse, it is said + +Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of +the beast for it is the number of a man and his number is Six hundred +threescore and six. + +And in the fifth verse of the same chapter + +And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and +blasphemies and power was given unto him to continue forty and two +months. + + +The French alphabet, written out with the same numerical values as the +Hebrew, in which the first nine letters denote units and the others +tens, will have the following significance + + a b c d e f g h i k + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + l m n o p q r s + 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 + t u v w x y + 100 110 120 130 140 150 + z + 160 + +Writing the words LEmpereur Napolon in numbers, it appears that the +sum of them is 666, and that Napoleon was therefore the beast foretold +in the Apocalypse. Moreover, by applying the same system to the words +quarante-deux, * which was the term allowed to the beast that spoke +great things and blasphemies, the same number 666 was obtained from +which it followed that the limit fixed for Napoleons power had come +in the year 1812 when the French emperor was forty-two. This prophecy +pleased Pierre very much and he often asked himself what would put an +end to the power of the beast, that is, of Napoleon, and tried by the +same system of using letters as numbers and adding them up, to find an +answer to the question that engrossed him. He wrote the words LEmpereur +Alexandre, La nation russe and added up their numbers, but the sums +were either more or less than 666. Once when making such calculations he +wrote down his own name in French, Comte Pierre Besouhoff, but the +sum of the numbers did not come right. Then he changed the spelling, +substituting a z for the s and adding de and the article le, still +without obtaining the desired result. Then it occurred to him if the +answer to the question were contained in his name, his nationality would +also be given in the answer. So he wrote Le russe Besuhof and adding +up the numbers got 671. This was only five too much, and five was +represented by e, the very letter elided from the article le before the +word Empereur. By omitting the e, though incorrectly, Pierre got the +answer he sought. Lrusse Besuhof made 666. This discovery excited him. +How, or by what means, he was connected with the great event foretold in +the Apocalypse he did not know, but he did not doubt that connection for +a moment. His love for Natsha, Antichrist, Napoleon, the invasion, the +comet, 666, LEmpereur Napolon, and Lrusse Besuhofall this had to +mature and culminate, to lift him out of that spellbound, petty sphere +of Moscow habits in which he felt himself held captive and lead him to a +great achievement and great happiness. + + * Forty-two. + + +On the eve of the Sunday when the special prayer was read, Pierre had +promised the Rostvs to bring them, from Count Rostopchn whom he knew +well, both the appeal to the people and the news from the army. In the +morning, when he went to call at Rostopchns he met there a courier +fresh from the army, an acquaintance of his own, who often danced at +Moscow balls. + +Do, please, for heavens sake, relieve me of something! said the +courier. I have a sackful of letters to parents. + +Among these letters was one from Nicholas Rostv to his father. Pierre +took that letter, and Rostopchn also gave him the Emperors appeal to +Moscow, which had just been printed, the last army orders, and his own +most recent bulletin. Glancing through the army orders, Pierre found in +one of them, in the lists of killed, wounded, and rewarded, the name of +Nicholas Rostv, awarded a St. Georges Cross of the Fourth Class for +courage shown in the Ostrvna affair, and in the same order the name +of Prince Andrew Bolknski, appointed to the command of a regiment of +Chasseurs. Though he did not want to remind the Rostvs of Bolknski, +Pierre could not refrain from making them happy by the news of their +sons having received a decoration, so he sent that printed army order +and Nicholas letter to the Rostvs, keeping the appeal, the bulletin, +and the other orders to take with him when he went to dinner. + +His conversation with Count Rostopchn and the latters tone of anxious +hurry, the meeting with the courier who talked casually of how badly +things were going in the army, the rumors of the discovery of spies in +Moscow and of a leaflet in circulation stating that Napoleon promised +to be in both the Russian capitals by the autumn, and the talk of the +Emperors being expected to arrive next dayall aroused with fresh force +that feeling of agitation and expectation in Pierre which he had been +conscious of ever since the appearance of the comet, and especially +since the beginning of the war. + +He had long been thinking of entering the army and would have done so +had he not been hindered, first, by his membership of the Society of +Freemasons to which he was bound by oath and which preached perpetual +peace and the abolition of war, and secondly, by the fact that when he +saw the great mass of Muscovites who had donned uniform and were talking +patriotism, he somehow felt ashamed to take the step. But the chief +reason for not carrying out his intention to enter the army lay in the +vague idea that he was Lrusse Besuhof who had the number of the beast, +666 that his part in the great affair of setting a limit to the +power of the beast that spoke great and blasphemous things had been +predestined from eternity, and that therefore he ought not to undertake +anything, but wait for what was bound to come to pass. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +A few intimate friends were dining with the Rostvs that day, as usual +on Sundays. + +Pierre came early so as to find them alone. + +He had grown so stout this year that he would have been abnormal had he +not been so tall, so broad of limb, and so strong that he carried his +bulk with evident ease. + +He went up the stairs, puffing and muttering something. His coachman did +not even ask whether he was to wait. He knew that when his master was +at the Rostvs he stayed till midnight. The Rostvs footman rushed +eagerly forward to help him off with his cloak and take his hat and +stick. Pierre, from club habit, always left both hat and stick in the +anteroom. + +The first person he saw in the house was Natsha. Even before he saw +her, while taking off his cloak, he heard her. She was practicing solfa +exercises in the music room. He knew that she had not sung since her +illness, and so the sound of her voice surprised and delighted him. He +opened the door softly and saw her, in the lilac dress she had worn at +church, walking about the room singing. She had her back to him when he +opened the door, but when, turning quickly, she saw his broad, surprised +face, she blushed and came rapidly up to him. + +I want to try to sing again, she said, adding as if by way of excuse, +it is, at least, something to do. + +Thats capital! + +How glad I am youve come! I am so happy today, she said, with the old +animation Pierre had not seen in her for a long time. You know Nicholas +has received a St. Georges Cross? I am so proud of him. + +Oh yes, I sent that announcement. But I dont want to interrupt you, +he added, and was about to go to the drawing room. + +Natsha stopped him. + +Count, is it wrong of me to sing? she said blushing, and fixing her +eyes inquiringly on him. + +No... Why should it be? On the contrary... But why do you ask me? + +I dont know myself, Natsha answered quickly, but I should not like +to do anything you disapproved of. I believe in you completely. You +dont know how important you are to me, how much youve done for me.... +She spoke rapidly and did not notice how Pierre flushed at her words. I +saw in that same army order that he, Bolknski (she whispered the name +hastily), is in Russia, and in the army again. What do you think?she +was speaking hurriedly, evidently afraid her strength might fail +herWill he ever forgive me? Will he not always have a bitter feeling +toward me? What do you think? What do you think? + +I think... Pierre replied, that he has nothing to forgive.... If I +were in his place... + +By association of ideas, Pierre was at once carried back to the day +when, trying to comfort her, he had said that if he were not himself but +the best man in the world and free, he would ask on his knees for her +hand and the same feeling of pity, tenderness, and love took possession +of him and the same words rose to his lips. But she did not give him +time to say them. + +Yes, you... you... she said, uttering the word you rapturouslythats +a different thing. I know no one kinder, more generous, or better than +you nobody could be! Had you not been there then, and now too, I dont +know what would have become of me, because... + +Tears suddenly rose in her eyes, she turned away, lifted her music +before her eyes, began singing again, and again began walking up and +down the room. + +Just then Ptya came running in from the drawing room. + +Ptya was now a handsome rosy lad of fifteen with full red lips and +resembled Natsha. He was preparing to enter the university, but he and +his friend Obolnski had lately, in secret, agreed to join the hussars. + +Ptya had come rushing out to talk to his namesake about this affair. +He had asked Pierre to find out whether he would be accepted in the +hussars. + +Pierre walked up and down the drawing room, not listening to what Ptya +was saying. + +Ptya pulled him by the arm to attract his attention. + +Well, what about my plan? Peter Kirlych, for heavens sake! You are my +only hope, said Ptya. + +Oh yes, your plan. To join the hussars? Ill mention it, Ill bring it +all up today. + +Well, mon cher, have you got the manifesto? asked the old count. The +countess has been to Mass at the Razumvskis and heard the new prayer. +She says its very fine. + +Yes, Ive got it, said Pierre. The Emperor is to be here tomorrow... +theres to be an Extraordinary Meeting of the nobility, and they are +talking of a levy of ten men per thousand. Oh yes, let me congratulate +you! + +Yes, yes, thank God! Well, and what news from the army? + +We are again retreating. They say were already near Smolnsk, replied +Pierre. + +O Lord, O Lord! exclaimed the count. Where is the manifesto? + +The Emperors appeal? Oh yes! + +Pierre began feeling in his pockets for the papers, but could not find +them. Still slapping his pockets, he kissed the hand of the countess +who entered the room and glanced uneasily around, evidently expecting +Natsha, who had left off singing but had not yet come into the drawing +room. + +On my word, I dont know what Ive done with it, he said. + +There he is, always losing everything! remarked the countess. + +Natsha entered with a softened and agitated expression of face and +sat down looking silently at Pierre. As soon as she entered, Pierres +features, which had been gloomy, suddenly lighted up, and while still +searching for the papers he glanced at her several times. + +No, really! Ill drive home, I must have left them there. Ill +certainly... + +But youll be late for dinner. + +Oh! And my coachman has gone. + +But Snya, who had gone to look for the papers in the anteroom, had +found them in Pierres hat, where he had carefully tucked them under the +lining. Pierre was about to begin reading. + +No, after dinner, said the old count, evidently expecting much +enjoyment from that reading. + +At dinner, at which champagne was drunk to the health of the new +chevalier of St. George, Shinshn told them the town news, of the +illness of the old Georgian princess, of Mtiviers disappearance from +Moscow, and of how some German fellow had been brought to Rostopchn +and accused of being a French spyer (so Count Rostopchn had told the +story), and how Rostopchn let him go and assured the people that he was +not a spire at all, but only an old German ruin. + +People are being arrested... said the count. Ive told the countess +she should not speak French so much. Its not the time for it now. + +And have you heard? Shinshn asked. Prince Goltsyn has engaged a +master to teach him Russian. It is becoming dangerous to speak French in +the streets. + +And how about you, Count Peter Kirlych? If they call up the militia, +you too will have to mount a horse, remarked the old count, addressing +Pierre. + +Pierre had been silent and preoccupied all through dinner, seeming not +to grasp what was said. He looked at the count. + +Oh yes, the war, he said. No! What sort of warrior should I make? And +yet everything is so strange, so strange! I cant make it out. I dont +know, I am very far from having military tastes, but in these times no +one can answer for himself. + +After dinner the count settled himself comfortably in an easy chair and +with a serious face asked Snya, who was considered an excellent reader, +to read the appeal. + +To Moscow, our ancient Capital! + +The enemy has entered the borders of Russia with immense forces. He +comes to despoil our beloved country. + +Snya read painstakingly in her high-pitched voice. The count listened +with closed eyes, heaving abrupt sighs at certain passages. + +Natsha sat erect, gazing with a searching look now at her father and +now at Pierre. + +Pierre felt her eyes on him and tried not to look round. The countess +shook her head disapprovingly and angrily at every solemn expression +in the manifesto. In all these words she saw only that the danger +threatening her son would not soon be over. Shinshn, with a sarcastic +smile on his lips, was evidently preparing to make fun of anything that +gave him the opportunity Snyas reading, any remark of the counts, or +even the manifesto itself should no better pretext present itself. + +After reading about the dangers that threatened Russia, the hopes the +Emperor placed on Moscow and especially on its illustrious nobility, +Snya, with a quiver in her voice due chiefly to the attention that was +being paid to her, read the last words + +We ourselves will not delay to appear among our people in that Capital +and in other parts of our realm for consultation, and for the direction +of all our levies, both those now barring the enemys path and those +freshly formed to defeat him wherever he may appear. May the ruin he +hopes to bring upon us recoil on his own head, and may Europe delivered +from bondage glorify the name of Russia! + + +Yes, thats it! cried the count, opening his moist eyes and sniffing +repeatedly, as if a strong vinaigrette had been held to his nose and he +added, Let the Emperor but say the word and well sacrifice everything +and begrudge nothing. + +Before Shinshn had time to utter the joke he was ready to make on the +counts patriotism, Natsha jumped up from her place and ran to her +father. + +What a darling our Papa is! she cried, kissing him, and she again +looked at Pierre with the unconscious coquetry that had returned to her +with her better spirits. + +There! Heres a patriot for you! said Shinshn. + +Not a patriot at all, but simply... Natsha replied in an injured +tone. Everything seems funny to you, but this isnt at all a joke.... + +A joke indeed! put in the count. Let him but say the word and well +all go.... Were not Germans! + +But did you notice, it says, for consultation? said Pierre. + +Never mind what its for.... + +At this moment, Ptya, to whom nobody was paying any attention, came up +to his father with a very flushed face and said in his breaking voice +that was now deep and now shrill + +Well, Papa, I tell you definitely, and Mamma too, its as you please, +but I say definitely that you must let me enter the army, because I +cant... thats all.... + +The countess, in dismay, looked up to heaven, clasped her hands, and +turned angrily to her husband. + +That comes of your talking! said she. + +But the count had already recovered from his excitement. + +Come, come! said he. Heres a fine warrior! No! Nonsense! You must +study. + +Its not nonsense, Papa. Fdya Obolnski is younger than I, and hes +going too. Besides, all the same I cant study now when... Ptya +stopped short, flushed till he perspired, but still got out the words, +when our Fatherland is in danger. + +Thatll do, thatll dononsense.... + +But you said yourself that we would sacrifice everything. + +Ptya! Be quiet, I tell you! cried the count, with a glance at his +wife, who had turned pale and was staring fixedly at her son. + +And I tell youPeter Kirlych here will also tell you... + +Nonsense, I tell you. Your mothers milk has hardly dried on your lips +and you want to go into the army! There, there, I tell you, and the +count moved to go out of the room, taking the papers, probably to reread +them in his study before having a nap. + +Well, Peter Kirlych, lets go and have a smoke, he said. + +Pierre was agitated and undecided. Natshas unwontedly brilliant eyes, +continually glancing at him with a more than cordial look, had reduced +him to this condition. + +No, I think Ill go home. + +Home? Why, you meant to spend the evening with us.... You dont +often come nowadays as it is, and this girl of mine, said the count +good-naturedly, pointing to Natsha, only brightens up when youre +here. + +Yes, I had forgotten... I really must go home... business... said +Pierre hurriedly. + +Well, then, au revoir! said the count, and went out of the room. + +Why are you going? Why are you upset? asked Natsha, and she looked +challengingly into Pierres eyes. + +Because I love you! was what he wanted to say, but he did not say it, +and only blushed till the tears came, and lowered his eyes. + +Because it is better for me to come less often... because... No, simply +I have business.... + +Why? No, tell me! Natsha began resolutely and suddenly stopped. + +They looked at each other with dismayed and embarrassed faces. He tried +to smile but could not his smile expressed suffering, and he silently +kissed her hand and went out. + +Pierre made up his mind not to go to the Rostvs any more. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +After the definite refusal he had received, Ptya went to his room +and there locked himself in and wept bitterly. When he came in to tea, +silent, morose, and with tear-stained face, everybody pretended not to +notice anything. + +Next day the Emperor arrived in Moscow, and several of the Rostvs +domestic serfs begged permission to go to have a look at him. That +morning Ptya was a long time dressing and arranging his hair and +collar to look like a grown-up man. He frowned before his looking glass, +gesticulated, shrugged his shoulders, and finally, without saying a word +to anyone, took his cap and left the house by the back door, trying to +avoid notice. Ptya decided to go straight to where the Emperor was and +to explain frankly to some gentleman-in-waiting (he imagined the Emperor +to be always surrounded by gentlemen-in-waiting) that he, Count Rostv, +in spite of his youth wished to serve his country that youth could be +no hindrance to loyalty, and that he was ready to... While +dressing, Ptya had prepared many fine things he meant to say to the +gentleman-in-waiting. + +It was on the very fact of being so young that Ptya counted for success +in reaching the Emperorhe even thought how surprised everyone would be +at his youthfulnessand yet in the arrangement of his collar and hair +and by his sedate deliberate walk he wished to appear a grown-up man. +But the farther he went and the more his attention was diverted by the +ever-increasing crowds moving toward the Krmlin, the less he remembered +to walk with the sedateness and deliberation of a man. As he approached +the Krmlin he even began to avoid being crushed and resolutely stuck +out his elbows in a menacing way. But within the Trinity Gateway he +was so pressed to the wall by people who probably were unaware of the +patriotic intentions with which he had come that in spite of all his +determination he had to give in, and stop while carriages passed in, +rumbling beneath the archway. Beside Ptya stood a peasant woman, a +footman, two tradesmen, and a discharged soldier. After standing some +time in the gateway, Ptya tried to move forward in front of the others +without waiting for all the carriages to pass, and he began resolutely +working his way with his elbows, but the woman just in front of him, who +was the first against whom he directed his efforts, angrily shouted at +him + +What are you shoving for, young lordling? Dont you see were all +standing still? Then why push? + +Anybody can shove, said the footman, and also began working his elbows +to such effect that he pushed Ptya into a very filthy corner of the +gateway. + +Ptya wiped his perspiring face with his hands and pulled up the damp +collar which he had arranged so well at home to seem like a mans. + +He felt that he no longer looked presentable, and feared that if he were +now to approach the gentlemen-in-waiting in that plight he would not be +admitted to the Emperor. But it was impossible to smarten oneself up +or move to another place, because of the crowd. One of the generals who +drove past was an acquaintance of the Rostvs, and Ptya thought of +asking his help, but came to the conclusion that that would not be a +manly thing to do. When the carriages had all passed in, the crowd, +carrying Ptya with it, streamed forward into the Krmlin Square which +was already full of people. There were people not only in the square, +but everywhereon the slopes and on the roofs. As soon as Ptya found +himself in the square he clearly heard the sound of bells and the joyous +voices of the crowd that filled the whole Krmlin. + +For a while the crowd was less dense, but suddenly all heads were bared, +and everyone rushed forward in one direction. Ptya was being pressed so +that he could scarcely breathe, and everybody shouted, Hurrah! hurrah! +hurrah! Ptya stood on tiptoe and pushed and pinched, but could see +nothing except the people about him. + +All the faces bore the same expression of excitement and enthusiasm. A +tradesmans wife standing beside Ptya sobbed, and the tears ran down +her cheeks. + +Father! Angel! Dear one! she kept repeating, wiping away her tears +with her fingers. + +Hurrah! was heard on all sides. + +For a moment the crowd stood still, but then it made another rush +forward. + +Quite beside himself, Ptya, clinching his teeth and rolling his eyes +ferociously, pushed forward, elbowing his way and shouting hurrah! as +if he were prepared that instant to kill himself and everyone else, but +on both sides of him other people with similarly ferocious faces pushed +forward and everybody shouted hurrah! + +So this is what the Emperor is! thought Ptya. No, I cant petition +him myselfthat would be too bold. But in spite of this he continued +to struggle desperately forward, and from between the backs of those +in front he caught glimpses of an open space with a strip of red cloth +spread out on it but just then the crowd swayed backthe police +in front were pushing back those who had pressed too close to the +procession the Emperor was passing from the palace to the Cathedral of +the Assumptionand Ptya unexpectedly received such a blow on his side +and ribs and was squeezed so hard that suddenly everything grew dim +before his eyes and he lost consciousness. When he came to himself, a +man of clerical appearance with a tuft of gray hair at the back of +his head and wearing a shabby blue cassockprobably a church clerk and +chanterwas holding him under the arm with one hand while warding off +the pressure of the crowd with the other. + +Youve crushed the young gentleman! said the clerk. What are you up +to? Gently!... Theyve crushed him, crushed him! + +The Emperor entered the Cathedral of the Assumption. The crowd spread +out again more evenly, and the clerk led Ptyapale and breathlessto +the Tsar-cannon. Several people were sorry for Ptya, and suddenly a +crowd turned toward him and pressed round him. Those who stood nearest +him attended to him, unbuttoned his coat, seated him on the raised +platform of the cannon, and reproached those others (whoever they might +be) who had crushed him. + +One might easily get killed that way! What do they mean by it? Killing +people! Poor dear, hes as white as a sheet!various voices were heard +saying. + +Ptya soon came to himself, the color returned to his face, the pain had +passed, and at the cost of that temporary unpleasantness he had obtained +a place by the cannon from where he hoped to see the Emperor who +would be returning that way. Ptya no longer thought of presenting his +petition. If he could only see the Emperor he would be happy! + +While the service was proceeding in the Cathedral of the Assumptionit +was a combined service of prayer on the occasion of the Emperors +arrival and of thanksgiving for the conclusion of peace with the +Turksthe crowd outside spread out and hawkers appeared, selling kvas, +gingerbread, and poppyseed sweets (of which Ptya was particularly +fond), and ordinary conversation could again be heard. A tradesmans +wife was showing a rent in her shawl and telling how much the shawl had +cost another was saying that all silk goods had now got dear. The clerk +who had rescued Ptya was talking to a functionary about the priests who +were officiating that day with the bishop. The clerk several times used +the word plenary (of the service), a word Ptya did not understand. +Two young citizens were joking with some serf girls who were cracking +nuts. All these conversations, especially the joking with the girls, +were such as might have had a particular charm for Ptya at his age, but +they did not interest him now. He sat on his elevationthe pedestal of +the cannonstill agitated as before by the thought of the Emperor and by +his love for him. The feeling of pain and fear he had experienced when +he was being crushed, together with that of rapture, still further +intensified his sense of the importance of the occasion. + +Suddenly the sound of a firing of cannon was heard from the embankment, +to celebrate the signing of peace with the Turks, and the crowd rushed +impetuously toward the embankment to watch the firing. Ptya too would +have run there, but the clerk who had taken the young gentleman under +his protection stopped him. The firing was still proceeding when +officers, generals, and gentlemen-in-waiting came running out of the +cathedral, and after them others in a more leisurely manner caps were +again raised, and those who had run to look at the cannon ran back +again. At last four men in uniforms and sashes emerged from the +cathedral doors. Hurrah! hurrah! shouted the crowd again. + +Which is he? Which? asked Ptya in a tearful voice, of those around +him, but no one answered him, everybody was too excited and Ptya, +fixing on one of those four men, whom he could not clearly see for the +tears of joy that filled his eyes, concentrated all his enthusiasm +on himthough it happened not to be the Emperorfrantically shouted +Hurrah! and resolved that tomorrow, come what might, he would join the +army. + +The crowd ran after the Emperor, followed him to the palace, and began +to disperse. It was already late, and Ptya had not eaten anything and +was drenched with perspiration, yet he did not go home but stood with +that diminishing, but still considerable, crowd before the palace while +the Emperor dinedlooking in at the palace windows, expecting he knew +not what, and envying alike the notables he saw arriving at the entrance +to dine with the Emperor and the court footmen who served at table, +glimpses of whom could be seen through the windows. + +While the Emperor was dining, Valev, looking out of the window, said + +The people are still hoping to see Your Majesty again. + +The dinner was nearly over, and the Emperor, munching a biscuit, rose +and went out onto the balcony. The people, with Ptya among them, rushed +toward the balcony. + +Angel! Dear one! Hurrah! Father!... cried the crowd, and Ptya with +it, and again the women and men of weaker mold, Ptya among them, wept +with joy. + +A largish piece of the biscuit the Emperor was holding in his hand broke +off, fell on the balcony parapet, and then to the ground. A coachman in +a jerkin, who stood nearest, sprang forward and snatched it up. Several +people in the crowd rushed at the coachman. Seeing this the Emperor had +a plateful of biscuits brought him and began throwing them down from +the balcony. Ptyas eyes grew bloodshot, and still more excited by the +danger of being crushed, he rushed at the biscuits. He did not know why, +but he had to have a biscuit from the Tsars hand and he felt that he +must not give way. He sprang forward and upset an old woman who was +catching at a biscuit the old woman did not consider herself defeated +though she was lying on the groundshe grabbed at some biscuits but +her hand did not reach them. Ptya pushed her hand away with his knee, +seized a biscuit, and as if fearing to be too late, again shouted +Hurrah! with a voice already hoarse. + +The Emperor went in, and after that the greater part of the crowd began +to disperse. + +There! I said if only we waitedand so it was! was being joyfully said +by various people. + +Happy as Ptya was, he felt sad at having to go home knowing that all +the enjoyment of that day was over. He did not go straight home from +the Krmlin, but called on his friend Obolnski, who was fifteen and was +also entering the regiment. On returning home Ptya announced resolutely +and firmly that if he was not allowed to enter the service he would +run away. And next day, Count Ily Rostvthough he had not yet quite +yieldedwent to inquire how he could arrange for Ptya to serve where +there would be least danger. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +Two days later, on the fifteenth of July, an immense number of carriages +were standing outside the Slobda Palace. + +The great halls were full. In the first were the nobility and gentry in +their uniforms, in the second bearded merchants in full-skirted coats +of blue cloth and wearing medals. In the noblemens hall there was +an incessant movement and buzz of voices. The chief magnates sat on +high-backed chairs at a large table under the portrait of the Emperor, +but most of the gentry were strolling about the room. + +All these nobles, whom Pierre met every day at the Club or in their own +houses, were in uniformsome in that of Catherines day, others in that +of Emperor Paul, others again in the new uniforms of Alexanders time or +the ordinary uniform of the nobility, and the general characteristic +of being in uniform imparted something strange and fantastic to these +diverse and familiar personalities, both old and young. The old men, +dim-eyed, toothless, bald, sallow, and bloated, or gaunt and wrinkled, +were especially striking. For the most part they sat quietly in their +places and were silent, or, if they walked about and talked, attached +themselves to someone younger. On all these faces, as on the faces +of the crowd Ptya had seen in the Square, there was a striking +contradiction the general expectation of a solemn event, and at the +same time the everyday interests in a boston card party, Peter the cook, +Zinada Dmtrievnas health, and so on. + +Pierre was there too, buttoned up since early morning in a noblemans +uniform that had become too tight for him. He was agitated +this extraordinary gathering not only of nobles but also of the +merchant-classles tats gnraux (States-General)evoked in him a whole +series of ideas he had long laid aside but which were deeply graven in +his soul thoughts of the Contrat Social and the French Revolution. The +words that had struck him in the Emperors appealthat the sovereign was +coming to the capital for consultation with his peoplestrengthened this +idea. And imagining that in this direction something important which +he had long awaited was drawing near, he strolled about watching and +listening to conversations, but nowhere finding any confirmation of the +ideas that occupied him. + +The Emperors manifesto was read, evoking enthusiasm, and then all moved +about discussing it. Besides the ordinary topics of conversation, Pierre +heard questions of where the marshals of the nobility were to stand when +the Emperor entered, when a ball should be given in the Emperors +honor, whether they should group themselves by districts or by whole +provinces... and so on but as soon as the war was touched on, or +what the nobility had been convened for, the talk became undecided and +indefinite. Then all preferred listening to speaking. + +A middle-aged man, handsome and virile, in the uniform of a retired +naval officer, was speaking in one of the rooms, and a small crowd was +pressing round him. Pierre went up to the circle that had formed round +the speaker and listened. Count Ily Rostv, in a military uniform of +Catherines time, was sauntering with a pleasant smile among the crowd, +with all of whom he was acquainted. He too approached that group and +listened with a kindly smile and nods of approval, as he always did, +to what the speaker was saying. The retired naval man was speaking very +boldly, as was evident from the expression on the faces of the listeners +and from the fact that some people Pierre knew as the meekest and +quietest of men walked away disapprovingly or expressed disagreement +with him. Pierre pushed his way into the middle of the group, listened, +and convinced himself that the man was indeed a liberal, but of views +quite different from his own. The naval officer spoke in a particularly +sonorous, musical, and aristocratic baritone voice, pleasantly +swallowing his rs and generally slurring his consonants the voice of +a man calling out to his servant, Heah! Bwing me my pipe! It was +indicative of dissipation and the exercise of authority. + +What if the Smolnsk people have offahd to waise militia for the +Empewah? Ah we to take Smolnsk as our patten? If the noble awistocwacy +of the pwovince of Moscow thinks fit, it can show its loyalty to our +sovweign the Empewah in other ways. Have we fogotten the waising of +the militia in the yeah seven? All that did was to enwich the pwiests +sons and thieves and wobbahs.... + +Count Ily Rostv smiled blandly and nodded approval. + +And was our militia of any use to the Empia? Not at all! It only wuined +our farming! Bettah have another conscwiption... o ou men will wetun +neithah soldiers no peasants, and well get only depwavity fwom them. +The nobility dont gwudge theah livesevewy one of us will go and bwing +in more wecwuits, and the sovweign (that was the way he referred to +the Emperor) need only say the word and well all die fo him! added +the orator with animation. + +Count Rostvs mouth watered with pleasure and he nudged Pierre, but +Pierre wanted to speak himself. He pushed forward, feeling stirred, +but not yet sure what stirred him or what he would say. Scarcely had he +opened his mouth when one of the senators, a man without a tooth in his +head, with a shrewd though angry expression, standing near the first +speaker, interrupted him. Evidently accustomed to managing debates and +to maintaining an argument, he began in low but distinct tones + +I imagine, sir, said he, mumbling with his toothless mouth, that we +have been summoned here not to discuss whether its best for the empire +at the present moment to adopt conscription or to call out the militia. +We have been summoned to reply to the appeal with which our sovereign +the Emperor has honored us. But to judge what is bestconscription or +the militiawe can leave to the supreme authority.... + +Pierre suddenly saw an outlet for his excitement. He hardened his heart +against the senator who was introducing this set and narrow attitude +into the deliberations of the nobility. Pierre stepped forward and +interrupted him. He himself did not yet know what he would say, but he +began to speak eagerly, occasionally lapsing into French or expressing +himself in bookish Russian. + +Excuse me, your excellency, he began. (He was well acquainted with +the senator, but thought it necessary on this occasion to address him +formally.) Though I dont agree with the gentleman... (he hesitated +he wished to say, Mon trs honorable propinantMy very honorable +opponent) with the gentleman... whom I have not the honor of knowing, +I suppose that the nobility have been summoned not merely to express +their sympathy and enthusiasm but also to consider the means by which +we can assist our Fatherland! I imagine, he went on, warming to his +subject, that the Emperor himself would not be satisfied to find in us +merely owners of serfs whom we are willing to devote to his service, and +chair canon * we are ready to make of ourselvesand not to obtain from +us any co-co-counsel. + + * Food for cannon. + + +Many persons withdrew from the circle, noticing the senators sarcastic +smile and the freedom of Pierres remarks. Only Count Rostv was pleased +with them as he had been pleased with those of the naval officer, the +senator, and in general with whatever speech he had last heard. + +I think that before discussing these questions, Pierre continued, we +should ask the Emperormost respectfully ask His Majestyto let us know +the number of our troops and the position in which our army and our +forces now are, and then... + +But scarcely had Pierre uttered these words before he was attacked from +three sides. The most vigorous attack came from an old acquaintance, +a boston player who had always been well disposed toward him, Stepn +Stepnovich Adrksin. Adrksin was in uniform, and whether as a result +of the uniform or from some other cause Pierre saw before him quite a +different man. With a sudden expression of malevolence on his aged face, +Adrksin shouted at Pierre + +In the first place, I tell you we have no right to question the Emperor +about that, and secondly, if the Russian nobility had that right, the +Emperor could not answer such a question. The troops are moved +according to the enemys movements and the number of men increases and +decreases.... + +Another voice, that of a nobleman of medium height and about forty years +of age, whom Pierre had formerly met at the gypsies and knew as a bad +cardplayer, and who, also transformed by his uniform, came up to Pierre, +interrupted Adrksin. + +Yes, and this is not a time for discussing, he continued, but for +acting there is war in Russia! The enemy is advancing to destroy +Russia, to desecrate the tombs of our fathers, to carry off our wives +and children. The nobleman smote his breast. We will all arise, +everyone of us will go, for our father the Tsar! he shouted, rolling +his bloodshot eyes. Several approving voices were heard in the crowd. +We are Russians and will not grudge our blood in defense of our faith, +the throne, and the Fatherland! We must cease raving if we are sons of +our Fatherland! We will show Europe how Russia rises to the defense of +Russia! + +Pierre wished to reply, but could not get in a word. He felt that his +words, apart from what meaning they conveyed, were less audible than the +sound of his opponents voice. + +Count Rostv at the back of the crowd was expressing approval several +persons, briskly turning a shoulder to the orator at the end of a +phrase, said + +Thats right, quite right! Just so! + +Pierre wished to say that he was ready to sacrifice his money, his +serfs, or himself, only one ought to know the state of affairs in +order to be able to improve it, but he was unable to speak. Many voices +shouted and talked at the same time, so that Count Rostv had not time +to signify his approval of them all, and the group increased, dispersed, +re-formed, and then moved with a hum of talk into the largest hall and +to the big table. Not only was Pierres attempt to speak unsuccessful, +but he was rudely interrupted, pushed aside, and people turned away +from him as from a common enemy. This happened not because they were +displeased by the substance of his speech, which had even been forgotten +after the many subsequent speeches, but to animate it the crowd needed a +tangible object to love and a tangible object to hate. Pierre became the +latter. Many other orators spoke after the excited nobleman, and all in +the same tone. Many spoke eloquently and with originality. + +Glnka, the editor of the Russian Messenger, who was recognized (cries +of author! author! were heard in the crowd), said that hell must be +repulsed by hell, and that he had seen a child smiling at lightning +flashes and thunderclaps, but we will not be that child. + +Yes, yes, at thunderclaps! was repeated approvingly in the back rows +of the crowd. + +The crowd drew up to the large table, at which sat gray-haired or bald +seventy-year-old magnates, uniformed and besashed almost all of whom +Pierre had seen in their own homes with their buffoons, or playing +boston at the clubs. With an incessant hum of voices the crowd advanced +to the table. Pressed by the throng against the high backs of the +chairs, the orators spoke one after another and sometimes two together. +Those standing behind noticed what a speaker omitted to say and hastened +to supply it. Others in that heat and crush racked their brains to find +some thought and hastened to utter it. The old magnates, whom Pierre +knew, sat and turned to look first at one and then at another, and their +faces for the most part only expressed the fact that they found it very +hot. Pierre, however, felt excited, and the general desire to show that +they were ready to go to all lengthswhich found expression in the tones +and looks more than in the substance of the speechesinfected him too. +He did not renounce his opinions, but felt himself in some way to blame +and wished to justify himself. + +I only said that it would be more to the purpose to make sacrifices +when we know what is needed! said he, trying to be heard above the +other voices. + +One of the old men nearest to him looked round, but his attention was +immediately diverted by an exclamation at the other side of the table. + +Yes, Moscow will be surrendered! She will be our expiation! shouted +one man. + +He is the enemy of mankind! cried another. Allow me to speak.... +Gentlemen, you are crushing me!... + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +At that moment Count Rostopchn with his protruding chin and alert eyes, +wearing the uniform of a general with sash over his shoulder, entered +the room, stepping briskly to the front of the crowd of gentry. + +Our sovereign the Emperor will be here in a moment, said Rostopchn. +I am straight from the palace. Seeing the position we are in, I think +there is little need for discussion. The Emperor has deigned to summon +us and the merchants. Millions will pour forth from therehe pointed +to the merchants hallbut our business is to supply men and not spare +ourselves.... That is the least we can do! + +A conference took place confined to the magnates sitting at the table. +The whole consultation passed more than quietly. After all the preceding +noise the sound of their old voices saying one after another, I +agree, or for variety, I too am of that opinion, and so on had even a +mournful effect. + +The secretary was told to write down the resolution of the Moscow +nobility and gentry, that they would furnish ten men, fully equipped, +out of every thousand serfs, as the Smolnsk gentry had done. Their +chairs made a scraping noise as the gentlemen who had conferred rose +with apparent relief, and began walking up and down, arm in arm, to +stretch their legs and converse in couples. + +The Emperor! The Emperor! a sudden cry resounded through the halls and +the whole throng hurried to the entrance. + +The Emperor entered the hall through a broad path between two lines of +nobles. Every face expressed respectful, awe-struck curiosity. Pierre +stood rather far off and could not hear all that the Emperor said. From +what he did hear he understood that the Emperor spoke of the danger +threatening the empire and of the hopes he placed on the Moscow +nobility. He was answered by a voice which informed him of the +resolution just arrived at. + +Gentlemen! said the Emperor with a quivering voice. + +There was a rustling among the crowd and it again subsided, so that +Pierre distinctly heard the pleasantly human voice of the Emperor saying +with emotion + +I never doubted the devotion of the Russian nobles, but today it has +surpassed my expectations. I thank you in the name of the Fatherland! +Gentlemen, let us act! Time is most precious.... + +The Emperor ceased speaking, the crowd began pressing round him, and +rapturous exclamations were heard from all sides. + +Yes, most precious... a royal word, said Count Rostv, with a sob. He +stood at the back, and, though he had heard hardly anything, understood +everything in his own way. + +From the hall of the nobility the Emperor went to that of the merchants. +There he remained about ten minutes. Pierre was among those who saw him +come out from the merchants hall with tears of emotion in his eyes. +As became known later, he had scarcely begun to address the merchants +before tears gushed from his eyes and he concluded in a trembling +voice. When Pierre saw the Emperor he was coming out accompanied by two +merchants, one of whom Pierre knew, a fat otkupshchk. The other was +the mayor, a man with a thin sallow face and narrow beard. Both were +weeping. Tears filled the thin mans eyes, and the fat otkupshchk +sobbed outright like a child and kept repeating + +Our lives and propertytake them, Your Majesty! + +Pierres one feeling at the moment was a desire to show that he was +ready to go all lengths and was prepared to sacrifice everything. He now +felt ashamed of his speech with its constitutional tendency and sought +an opportunity of effacing it. Having heard that Count Mamnov was +furnishing a regiment, Bezkhov at once informed Rostopchn that he +would give a thousand men and their maintenance. + +Old Rostv could not tell his wife of what had passed without tears, and +at once consented to Ptyas request and went himself to enter his name. + +Next day the Emperor left Moscow. The assembled nobles all took off +their uniforms and settled down again in their homes and clubs, and not +without some groans gave orders to their stewards about the enrollment, +feeling amazed themselves at what they had done. + + + + + +BOOK TEN 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Napoleon began the war with Russia because he could not resist going +to Dresden, could not help having his head turned by the homage he +received, could not help donning a Polish uniform and yielding to the +stimulating influence of a June morning, and could not refrain from +bursts of anger in the presence of Kurkin and then of Balashv. + +Alexander refused negotiations because he felt himself to be personally +insulted. Barclay de Tolly tried to command the army in the best +way, because he wished to fulfill his duty and earn fame as a great +commander. Rostv charged the French because he could not restrain +his wish for a gallop across a level field and in the same way the +innumerable people who took part in the war acted in accord with their +personal characteristics, habits, circumstances, and aims. They were +moved by fear or vanity, rejoiced or were indignant, reasoned, imagining +that they knew what they were doing and did it of their own free will, +but they all were involuntary tools of history, carrying on a work +concealed from them but comprehensible to us. Such is the inevitable +fate of men of action, and the higher they stand in the social hierarchy +the less are they free. + +The actors of 1812 have long since left the stage, their personal +interests have vanished leaving no trace, and nothing remains of that +time but its historic results. + +Providence compelled all these men, striving to attain personal aims, to +further the accomplishment of a stupendous result no one of them at all +expectedneither Napoleon, nor Alexander, nor still less any of those +who did the actual fighting. + +The cause of the destruction of the French army in 1812 is clear to us +now. No one will deny that that cause was, on the one hand, its advance +into the heart of Russia late in the season without any preparation for +a winter campaign and, on the other, the character given to the war +by the burning of Russian towns and the hatred of the foe this aroused +among the Russian people. But no one at the time foresaw (what now seems +so evident) that this was the only way an army of eight hundred thousand +menthe best in the world and led by the best generalcould be destroyed +in conflict with a raw army of half its numerical strength, and led by +inexperienced commanders as the Russian army was. Not only did no one +see this, but on the Russian side every effort was made to hinder the +only thing that could save Russia, while on the French side, despite +Napoleons experience and so-called military genius, every effort was +directed to pushing on to Moscow at the end of the summer, that is, to +doing the very thing that was bound to lead to destruction. + +In historical works on the year 1812 French writers are very fond of +saying that Napoleon felt the danger of extending his line, that he +sought a battle and that his marshals advised him to stop at Smolnsk, +and of making similar statements to show that the danger of the campaign +was even then understood. Russian authors are still fonder of telling +us that from the commencement of the campaign a Scythian war plan was +adopted to lure Napoleon into the depths of Russia, and this plan some +of them attribute to Pfuel, others to a certain Frenchman, others to +Toll, and others again to Alexander himselfpointing to notes, projects, +and letters which contain hints of such a line of action. But all these +hints at what happened, both from the French side and the Russian, are +advanced only because they fit in with the event. Had that event not +occurred these hints would have been forgotten, as we have forgotten the +thousands and millions of hints and expectations to the contrary +which were current then but have now been forgotten because the event +falsified them. There are always so many conjectures as to the issue of +any event that however it may end there will always be people to say +I said then that it would be so, quite forgetting that amid their +innumerable conjectures many were to quite the contrary effect. + +Conjectures as to Napoleons awareness of the danger of extending his +line, and (on the Russian side) as to luring the enemy into the depths +of Russia, are evidently of that kind, and only by much straining can +historians attribute such conceptions to Napoleon and his marshals, +or such plans to the Russian commanders. All the facts are in flat +contradiction to such conjectures. During the whole period of the war +not only was there no wish on the Russian side to draw the French +into the heart of the country, but from their first entry into Russia +everything was done to stop them. And not only was Napoleon not afraid +to extend his line, but he welcomed every step forward as a triumph and +did not seek battle as eagerly as in former campaigns, but very lazily. + +At the very beginning of the war our armies were divided, and our sole +aim was to unite them, though uniting the armies was no advantage if we +meant to retire and lure the enemy into the depths of the country. Our +Emperor joined the army to encourage it to defend every inch of Russian +soil and not to retreat. The enormous Drissa camp was formed on Pfuels +plan, and there was no intention of retiring farther. The Emperor +reproached the commanders in chief for every step they retired. He could +not bear the idea of letting the enemy even reach Smolnsk, still less +could he contemplate the burning of Moscow, and when our armies did +unite he was displeased that Smolnsk was abandoned and burned without a +general engagement having been fought under its walls. + +So thought the Emperor, and the Russian commanders and people were still +more provoked at the thought that our forces were retreating into the +depths of the country. + +Napoleon having cut our armies apart advanced far into the country and +missed several chances of forcing an engagement. In August he was at +Smolnsk and thought only of how to advance farther, though as we now +see that advance was evidently ruinous to him. + +The facts clearly show that Napoleon did not foresee the danger of the +advance on Moscow, nor did Alexander and the Russian commanders then +think of luring Napoleon on, but quite the contrary. The luring of +Napoleon into the depths of the country was not the result of any plan, +for no one believed it to be possible it resulted from a most complex +interplay of intrigues, aims, and wishes among those who took part in +the war and had no perception whatever of the inevitable, or of the one +way of saving Russia. Everything came about fortuitously. The armies +were divided at the commencement of the campaign. We tried to unite +them, with the evident intention of giving battle and checking the +enemys advance, and by this effort to unite them while avoiding battle +with a much stronger enemy, and necessarily withdrawing the armies at +an acute anglewe led the French on to Smolnsk. But we withdrew at an +acute angle not only because the French advanced between our two armies +the angle became still more acute and we withdrew still farther, because +Barclay de Tolly was an unpopular foreigner disliked by Bagratin (who +would come under his command), and Bagratinbeing in command of the +second armytried to postpone joining up and coming under Barclays +command as long as he could. Bagratin was slow in effecting the +junctionthough that was the chief aim of all at headquartersbecause, +as he alleged, he exposed his army to danger on this march, and it was +best for him to retire more to the left and more to the south, worrying +the enemy from flank and rear and securing from the Ukraine recruits for +his army and it looks as if he planned this in order not to come under +the command of the detested foreigner Barclay, whose rank was inferior +to his own. + +The Emperor was with the army to encourage it, but his presence and +ignorance of what steps to take, and the enormous number of advisers and +plans, destroyed the first armys energy and it retired. + +The intention was to make a stand at the Drissa camp, but Paulucci, +aiming at becoming commander in chief, unexpectedly employed his energy +to influence Alexander, and Pfuels whole plan was abandoned and the +command entrusted to Barclay. But as Barclay did not inspire confidence +his power was limited. The armies were divided, there was no unity of +command, and Barclay was unpopular but from this confusion, division, +and the unpopularity of the foreign commander in chief, there resulted +on the one hand indecision and the avoidance of a battle (which we could +not have refrained from had the armies been united and had someone else, +instead of Barclay, been in command) and on the other an ever-increasing +indignation against the foreigners and an increase in patriotic zeal. + +At last the Emperor left the army, and as the most convenient and indeed +the only pretext for his departure it was decided that it was necessary +for him to inspire the people in the capitals and arouse the nation in +general to a patriotic war. And by this visit of the Emperor to Moscow +the strength of the Russian army was trebled. + +He left in order not to obstruct the commander in chiefs undivided +control of the army, and hoping that more decisive action would then +be taken, but the command of the armies became still more confused and +enfeebled. Bennigsen, the Tsarvich, and a swarm of adjutants general +remained with the army to keep the commander in chief under observation +and arouse his energy, and Barclay, feeling less free than ever under +the observation of all these eyes of the Emperor, became still more +cautious of undertaking any decisive action and avoided giving battle. + +Barclay stood for caution. The Tsarvich hinted at treachery and +demanded a general engagement. Lubomrski, Bronntski, Wlocki, and the +others of that group stirred up so much trouble that Barclay, under +pretext of sending papers to the Emperor, dispatched these Polish +adjutants general to Petersburg and plunged into an open struggle with +Bennigsen and the Tsarvich. + +At Smolnsk the armies at last reunited, much as Bagratin disliked it. + +Bagratin drove up in a carriage to the house occupied by Barclay. +Barclay donned his sash and came out to meet and report to his senior +officer Bagratin. + +Despite his seniority in rank Bagratin, in this contest of magnanimity, +took his orders from Barclay, but, having submitted, agreed with him +less than ever. By the Emperors orders Bagratin reported direct to +him. He wrote to Arakchev, the Emperors confidant It must be as +my sovereign pleases, but I cannot work with the Minister (meaning +Barclay). For Gods sake send me somewhere else if only in command of +a regiment. I cannot stand it here. Headquarters are so full of Germans +that a Russian cannot exist and there is no sense in anything. I thought +I was really serving my sovereign and the Fatherland, but it turns out +that I am serving Barclay. I confess I do not want to. + +The swarm of Bronntskis and Wintzingerodes and their like still further +embittered the relations between the commanders in chief, and even +less unity resulted. Preparations were made to fight the French before +Smolnsk. A general was sent to survey the position. This general, +hating Barclay, rode to visit a friend of his own, a corps commander, +and, having spent the day with him, returned to Barclay and condemned, +as unsuitable from every point of view, the battleground he had not +seen. + +While disputes and intrigues were going on about the future field of +battle, and while we were looking for the Frenchhaving lost touch with +themthe French stumbled upon Nevrovskis division and reached the +walls of Smolnsk. + +It was necessary to fight an unexpected battle at Smolnsk to save our +lines of communication. The battle was fought and thousands were killed +on both sides. + +Smolnsk was abandoned contrary to the wishes of the Emperor and of the +whole people. But Smolnsk was burned by its own inhabitants who had +been misled by their governor. And these ruined inhabitants, setting +an example to other Russians, went to Moscow thinking only of their own +losses but kindling hatred of the foe. Napoleon advanced farther and we +retired, thus arriving at the very result which caused his destruction. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +The day after his son had left, Prince Nicholas sent for Princess Mary +to come to his study. + +Well? Are you satisfied now? said he. Youve made me quarrel with my +son! Satisfied, are you? Thats all you wanted! Satisfied?... It hurts +me, it hurts. Im old and weak and this is what you wanted. Well then, +gloat over it! Gloat over it! + +After that Princess Mary did not see her father for a whole week. He was +ill and did not leave his study. + +Princess Mary noticed to her surprise that during this illness the +old prince not only excluded her from his room, but did not admit +Mademoiselle Bourienne either. Tkhon alone attended him. + +At the end of the week the prince reappeared and resumed his former way +of life, devoting himself with special activity to building operations +and the arrangement of the gardens and completely breaking off his +relations with Mademoiselle Bourienne. His looks and cold tone to his +daughter seemed to say There, you see? You plotted against me, you +lied to Prince Andrew about my relations with that Frenchwoman and made +me quarrel with him, but you see I need neither her nor you! + +Princess Mary spent half of every day with little Nicholas, watching +his lessons, teaching him Russian and music herself, and talking to +Dessalles the rest of the day she spent over her books, with her old +nurse, or with Gods folk who sometimes came by the back door to see +her. + +Of the war Princess Mary thought as women do think about wars. She +feared for her brother who was in it, was horrified by and amazed at +the strange cruelty that impels men to kill one another, but she did not +understand the significance of this war, which seemed to her like all +previous wars. She did not realize the significance of this war, though +Dessalles with whom she constantly conversed was passionately interested +in its progress and tried to explain his own conception of it to her, +and though the Gods folk who came to see her reported, in their own +way, the rumors current among the people of an invasion by Antichrist, +and though Julie (now Princess Drubetskya), who had resumed +correspondence with her, wrote patriotic letters from Moscow. + +I write you in Russian, my good friend, wrote Julie in her Frenchified +Russian, because I have a detestation for all the French, and the +same for their language which I cannot support to hear spoken.... We in +Moscow are elated by enthusiasm for our adored Emperor. + +My poor husband is enduring pains and hunger in Jewish taverns, but the +news which I have inspires me yet more. + +You heard probably of the heroic exploit of Ravski, embracing his two +sons and saying I will perish with them but we will not be shaken! +And truly though the enemy was twice stronger than we, we were +unshakable. We pass the time as we can, but in war as in war! The +princesses Aline and Sophie sit whole days with me, and we, unhappy +widows of live men, make beautiful conversations over our charpie, only +you, my friend, are missing... and so on. + +The chief reason Princess Mary did not realize the full significance of +this war was that the old prince never spoke of it, did not recognize +it, and laughed at Dessalles when he mentioned it at dinner. +The princes tone was so calm and confident that Princess Mary +unhesitatingly believed him. + +All that July the old prince was exceedingly active and even animated. +He planned another garden and began a new building for the domestic +serfs. The only thing that made Princess Mary anxious about him was that +he slept very little and, instead of sleeping in his study as usual, +changed his sleeping place every day. One day he would order his camp +bed to be set up in the glass gallery, another day he remained on the +couch or on the lounge chair in the drawing room and dozed there without +undressing, whileinstead of Mademoiselle Bouriennea serf boy read to +him. Then again he would spend a night in the dining room. + +On August 1, a second letter was received from Prince Andrew. In his +first letter which came soon after he had left home, Prince Andrew had +dutifully asked his fathers forgiveness for what he had allowed himself +to say and begged to be restored to his favor. To this letter the old +prince had replied affectionately, and from that time had kept the +Frenchwoman at a distance. Prince Andrews second letter, written near +Vtebsk after the French had occupied that town, gave a brief account of +the whole campaign, enclosed for them a plan he had drawn and forecasts +as to the further progress of the war. In this letter Prince Andrew +pointed out to his father the danger of staying at Bald Hills, so near +the theater of war and on the armys direct line of march, and advised +him to move to Moscow. + +At dinner that day, on Dessalles mentioning that the French were said +to have already entered Vtebsk, the old prince remembered his sons +letter. + +There was a letter from Prince Andrew today, he said to Princess +MaryHavent you read it? + +No, Father, she replied in a frightened voice. + +She could not have read the letter as she did not even know it had +arrived. + +He writes about this war, said the prince, with the ironic smile that +had become habitual to him in speaking of the present war. + +That must be very interesting, said Dessalles. Prince Andrew is in a +position to know... + +Oh, very interesting! said Mademoiselle Bourienne. + +Go and get it for me, said the old prince to Mademoiselle Bourienne. +You knowunder the paperweight on the little table. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne jumped up eagerly. + +No, dont! he exclaimed with a frown. You go, Michael Ivnovich. + +Michael Ivnovich rose and went to the study. But as soon as he had left +the room the old prince, looking uneasily round, threw down his napkin +and went himself. + +They cant do anything... always make some muddle, he muttered. + +While he was away Princess Mary, Dessalles, Mademoiselle Bourienne, and +even little Nicholas exchanged looks in silence. The old prince returned +with quick steps, accompanied by Michael Ivnovich, bringing the letter +and a plan. These he put down beside himnot letting anyone read them at +dinner. + +On moving to the drawing room he handed the letter to Princess Mary and, +spreading out before him the plan of the new building and fixing his +eyes upon it, told her to read the letter aloud. When she had done so +Princess Mary looked inquiringly at her father. He was examining the +plan, evidently engrossed in his own ideas. + +What do you think of it, Prince? Dessalles ventured to ask. + +I? I?... said the prince as if unpleasantly awakened, and not taking +his eyes from the plan of the building. + +Very possibly the theater of war will move so near to us that... + +Ha ha ha! The theater of war! said the prince. I have said and still +say that the theater of war is Poland and the enemy will never get +beyond the Niemen. + +Dessalles looked in amazement at the prince, who was talking of the +Niemen when the enemy was already at the Dnieper, but Princess Mary, +forgetting the geographical position of the Niemen, thought that what +her father was saying was correct. + +When the snow melts theyll sink in the Polish swamps. Only they +could fail to see it, the prince continued, evidently thinking of the +campaign of 1807 which seemed to him so recent. Bennigsen should have +advanced into Prussia sooner, then things would have taken a different +turn... + +But, Prince, Dessalles began timidly, the letter mentions +Vtebsk.... + +Ah, the letter? Yes... replied the prince peevishly. Yes... yes... +His face suddenly took on a morose expression. He paused. Yes, he +writes that the French were beaten at... at... what river is it? + +Dessalles dropped his eyes. + +The prince says nothing about that, he remarked gently. + +Doesnt he? But I didnt invent it myself. + +No one spoke for a long time. + +Yes... yes... Well, Michael Ivnovich, he suddenly went on, raising +his head and pointing to the plan of the building, tell me how you mean +to alter it.... + +Michael Ivnovich went up to the plan, and the prince after speaking to +him about the building looked angrily at Princess Mary and Dessalles and +went to his own room. + +Princess Mary saw Dessalles embarrassed and astonished look fixed on +her father, noticed his silence, and was struck by the fact that her +father had forgotten his sons letter on the drawing room table but she +was not only afraid to speak of it and ask Dessalles the reason of his +confusion and silence, but was afraid even to think about it. + +In the evening Michael Ivnovich, sent by the prince, came to Princess +Mary for Prince Andrews letter which had been forgotten in the drawing +room. She gave it to him and, unpleasant as it was to her to do so, +ventured to ask him what her father was doing. + +Always busy, replied Michael Ivnovich with a respectfully ironic +smile which caused Princess Mary to turn pale. Hes worrying very much +about the new building. He has been reading a little, but nowMichael +Ivnovich went on, lowering his voicenow hes at his desk, busy with +his will, I expect. (One of the princes favorite occupations of late +had been the preparation of some papers he meant to leave at his death +and which he called his will.) + +And Alptych is being sent to Smolnsk? asked Princess Mary. + +Oh, yes, he has been waiting to start for some time. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +When Michael Ivnovich returned to the study with the letter, the old +prince, with spectacles on and a shade over his eyes, was sitting at his +open bureau with screened candles, holding a paper in his outstretched +hand, and in a somewhat dramatic attitude was reading his manuscripthis +Remarks as he termed itwhich was to be transmitted to the Emperor +after his death. + +When Michael Ivnovich went in there were tears in the princes eyes +evoked by the memory of the time when the paper he was now reading had +been written. He took the letter from Michael Ivnovichs hand, put it +in his pocket, folded up his papers, and called in Alptych who had long +been waiting. + +The prince had a list of things to be bought in Smolnsk and, walking +up and down the room past Alptych who stood by the door, he gave his +instructions. + +First, notepaperdo you hear? Eight quires, like this sample, +gilt-edged... it must be exactly like the sample. Varnish, sealing wax, +as in Michael Ivnovichs list. + +He paced up and down for a while and glanced at his notes. + +Then hand to the governor in person a letter about the deed. + +Next, bolts for the doors of the new building were wanted and had to be +of a special shape the prince had himself designed, and a leather case +had to be ordered to keep the will in. + +The instructions to Alptych took over two hours and still the prince +did not let him go. He sat down, sank into thought, closed his eyes, and +dozed off. Alptych made a slight movement. + +Well, go, go! If anything more is wanted Ill send after you. + +Alptych went out. The prince again went to his bureau, glanced into it, +fingered his papers, closed the bureau again, and sat down at the table +to write to the governor. + +It was already late when he rose after sealing the letter. He wished +to sleep, but he knew he would not be able to and that most depressing +thoughts came to him in bed. So he called Tkhon and went through the +rooms with him to show him where to set up the bed for that night. + +He went about looking at every corner. Every place seemed +unsatisfactory, but worst of all was his customary couch in the study. +That couch was dreadful to him, probably because of the oppressive +thoughts he had had when lying there. It was unsatisfactory everywhere, +but the corner behind the piano in the sitting room was better than +other places he had never slept there yet. + +With the help of a footman Tkhon brought in the bedstead and began +putting it up. + +Thats not right! Thats not right! cried the prince, and himself +pushed it a few inches from the corner and then closer in again. + +Well, at last Ive finished, now Ill rest, thought the prince, and +let Tkhon undress him. + +Frowning with vexation at the effort necessary to divest himself of his +coat and trousers, the prince undressed, sat down heavily on the +bed, and appeared to be meditating as he looked contemptuously at his +withered yellow legs. He was not meditating, but only deferring the +moment of making the effort to lift those legs up and turn over on the +bed. Ugh, how hard it is! Oh, that this toil might end and you would +release me! thought he. Pressing his lips together he made that effort +for the twenty-thousandth time and lay down. But hardly had he done so +before he felt the bed rocking backwards and forwards beneath him as if +it were breathing heavily and jolting. This happened to him almost every +night. He opened his eyes as they were closing. + +No peace, damn them! he muttered, angry he knew not with whom. Ah +yes, there was something else important, very important, that I was +keeping till I should be in bed. The bolts? No, I told him about them. +No, it was something, something in the drawing room. Princess Mary +talked some nonsense. Dessalles, that fool, said something. Something in +my pocketcant remember.... + +Tkhon, what did we talk about at dinner? + +About Prince Michael... + +Be quiet, quiet! The prince slapped his hand on the table. Yes, I +know, Prince Andrews letter! Princess Mary read it. Dessalles said +something about Vtebsk. Now Ill read it. + +He had the letter taken from his pocket and the tableon which stood a +glass of lemonade and a spiral wax candlemoved close to the bed, and +putting on his spectacles he began reading. Only now in the stillness of +the night, reading it by the faint light under the green shade, did he +grasp its meaning for a moment. + +The French at Vtebsk, in four days march they may be at Smolnsk +perhaps are already there! Tkhon! Tkhon jumped up. No, no, I dont +want anything! he shouted. + +He put the letter under the candlestick and closed his eyes. And there +rose before him the Danube at bright noonday reeds, the Russian +camp, and himself a young general without a wrinkle on his ruddy face, +vigorous and alert, entering Potmkins gaily colored tent, and a +burning sense of jealousy of the favorite agitated him now as strongly +as it had done then. He recalled all the words spoken at that +first meeting with Potmkin. And he saw before him a plump, rather +sallow-faced, short, stout woman, the Empress Mother, with her smile +and her words at her first gracious reception of him, and then that same +face on the catafalque, and the encounter he had with Zbov over her +coffin about his right to kiss her hand. + +Oh, quicker, quicker! To get back to that time and have done with all +the present! Quicker, quickerand that they should leave me in peace! + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Bald Hills, Prince Nicholas Bolknskis estate, lay forty miles east +from Smolnsk and two miles from the main road to Moscow. + +The same evening that the prince gave his instructions to Alptych, +Dessalles, having asked to see Princess Mary, told her that, as the +prince was not very well and was taking no steps to secure his safety, +though from Prince Andrews letter it was evident that to remain at Bald +Hills might be dangerous, he respectfully advised her to send a letter +by Alptych to the Provincial Governor at Smolnsk, asking him to let +her know the state of affairs and the extent of the danger to which +Bald Hills was exposed. Dessalles wrote this letter to the Governor +for Princess Mary, she signed it, and it was given to Alptych with +instructions to hand it to the Governor and to come back as quickly as +possible if there was danger. + +Having received all his orders Alptych, wearing a white beaver hata +present from the princeand carrying a stick as the prince did, went out +accompanied by his family. Three well-fed roans stood ready harnessed to +a small conveyance with a leather hood. + +The larger bell was muffled and the little bells on the harness stuffed +with paper. The prince allowed no one at Bald Hills to drive with +ringing bells but on a long journey Alptych liked to have them. His +satellitesthe senior clerk, a countinghouse clerk, a scullery maid, +a cook, two old women, a little pageboy, the coachman, and various +domestic serfswere seeing him off. + +His daughter placed chintz-covered down cushions for him to sit on and +behind his back. His old sister-in-law popped in a small bundle, and one +of the coachmen helped him into the vehicle. + +There! There! Womens fuss! Women, women! said Alptych, puffing and +speaking rapidly just as the prince did, and he climbed into the trap. + +After giving the clerk orders about the work to be done, Alptych, not +trying to imitate the prince now, lifted the hat from his bald head and +crossed himself three times. + +If there is anything... come back, Ykov Alptych! For Christs sake +think of us! cried his wife, referring to the rumors of war and the +enemy. + +Women, women! Womens fuss! muttered Alptych to himself and started +on his journey, looking round at the fields of yellow rye and the +still-green, thickly growing oats, and at other quite black fields just +being plowed a second time. + +As he went along he looked with pleasure at the years splendid crop +of corn, scrutinized the strips of ryefield which here and there were +already being reaped, made his calculations as to the sowing and the +harvest, and asked himself whether he had not forgotten any of the +princes orders. + +Having baited the horses twice on the way, he arrived at the town toward +evening on the fourth of August. + +Alptych kept meeting and overtaking baggage trains and troops on the +road. As he approached Smolnsk he heard the sounds of distant firing, +but these did not impress him. What struck him most was the sight of a +splendid field of oats in which a camp had been pitched and which +was being mown down by the soldiers, evidently for fodder. This fact +impressed Alptych, but in thinking about his own business he soon +forgot it. + +All the interests of his life for more than thirty years had been +bounded by the will of the prince, and he never went beyond that limit. +Everything not connected with the execution of the princes orders did +not interest and did not even exist for Alptych. + +On reaching Smolnsk on the evening of the fourth of August he put up +in the Gchina suburb across the Dnieper, at the inn kept by Ferapntov, +where he had been in the habit of putting up for the last thirty years. +Some thirty years ago Ferapntov, by Alptychs advice, had bought a +wood from the prince, had begun to trade, and now had a house, an +inn, and a corn dealers shop in that province. He was a stout, dark, +red-faced peasant in the forties, with thick lips, a broad knob of a +nose, similar knobs over his black frowning brows, and a round belly. + +Wearing a waistcoat over his cotton shirt, Ferapntov was standing +before his shop which opened onto the street. On seeing Alptych he went +up to him. + +Youre welcome, Ykov Alptych. Folks are leaving the town, but you +have come to it, said he. + +Why are they leaving the town? asked Alptych. + +Thats what I say. Folks are foolish! Always afraid of the French. + +Womens fuss, womens fuss! said Alptych. + +Just what I think, Ykov Alptych. What I say is orders have been +given not to let them in, so that must be right. And the peasants are +asking three rubles for cartingit isnt Christian! + +Ykov Alptych heard without heeding. He asked for a samovar and for hay +for his horses, and when he had had his tea he went to bed. + +All night long troops were moving past the inn. Next morning Alptych +donned a jacket he wore only in town and went out on business. It was a +sunny morning and by eight oclock it was already hot. A good day for +harvesting, thought Alptych. + +From beyond the town firing had been heard since early morning. At eight +oclock the booming of cannon was added to the sound of musketry. Many +people were hurrying through the streets and there were many soldiers, +but cabs were still driving about, tradesmen stood at their shops, and +service was being held in the churches as usual. Alptych went to the +shops, to government offices, to the post office, and to the Governors. +In the offices and shops and at the post office everyone was talking +about the army and about the enemy who was already attacking the town, +everybody was asking what should be done, and all were trying to calm +one another. + +In front of the Governors house Alptych found a large number of +people, Cossacks, and a traveling carriage of the Governors. At the +porch he met two of the landed gentry, one of whom he knew. This man, an +ex-captain of police, was saying angrily + +Its no joke, you know! Its all very well if youre single. One man +though undone is but one, as the proverb says, but with thirteen in +your family and all the property... Theyve brought us to utter ruin! +What sort of governors are they to do that? They ought to be hangedthe +brigands!... + +Oh come, thats enough! said the other. + +What do I care? Let him hear! Were not dogs, said the ex-captain of +police, and looking round he noticed Alptych. + +Oh, Ykov Alptych! What have you come for? + +To see the Governor by his excellencys order, answered Alptych, +lifting his head and proudly thrusting his hand into the bosom of his +coat as he always did when he mentioned the prince.... He has ordered +me to inquire into the position of affairs, he added. + +Yes, go and find out! shouted the angry gentleman. Theyve brought +things to such a pass that there are no carts or anything!... There it +is again, do you hear? said he, pointing in the direction whence came +the sounds of firing. + +Theyve brought us all to ruin... the brigands! he repeated, and +descended the porch steps. + +Alptych swayed his head and went upstairs. In the waiting room were +tradesmen, women, and officials, looking silently at one another. The +door of the Governors room opened and they all rose and moved forward. +An official ran out, said some words to a merchant, called a stout +official with a cross hanging on his neck to follow him, and vanished +again, evidently wishing to avoid the inquiring looks and questions +addressed to him. Alptych moved forward and next time the official came +out addressed him, one hand placed in the breast of his buttoned coat, +and handed him two letters. + +To his Honor Baron Asch, from General-in-Chief Prince Bolknski, he +announced with such solemnity and significance that the official turned +to him and took the letters. + +A few minutes later the Governor received Alptych and hurriedly said to +him + +Inform the prince and princess that I knew nothing I acted on the +highest instructionshere... and he handed a paper to Alptych. Still, +as the prince is unwell my advice is that they should go to Moscow. I am +just starting myself. Inform them... + +But the Governor did not finish a dusty perspiring officer ran into the +room and began to say something in French. The Governors face expressed +terror. + +Go, he said, nodding his head to Alptych, and began questioning the +officer. + +Eager, frightened, helpless glances were turned on Alptych when he came +out of the Governors room. Involuntarily listening now to the firing, +which had drawn nearer and was increasing in strength, Alptych hurried +to his inn. The paper handed to him by the Governor said this + +I assure you that the town of Smolnsk is not in the slightest danger +as yet and it is unlikely that it will be threatened with any. I from +the one side and Prince Bagratin from the other are marching to unite +our forces before Smolnsk, which junction will be effected on the +22nd instant, and both armies with their united forces will defend our +compatriots of the province entrusted to your care till our efforts +shall have beaten back the enemies of our Fatherland, or till the last +warrior in our valiant ranks has perished. From this you will see that +you have a perfect right to reassure the inhabitants of Smolnsk, for +those defended by two such brave armies may feel assured of victory. +(Instructions from Barclay de Tolly to Baron Asch, the civil governor of +Smolnsk, 1812.) + +People were anxiously roaming about the streets. + +Carts piled high with household utensils, chairs, and cupboards kept +emerging from the gates of the yards and moving along the streets. +Loaded carts stood at the house next to Ferapntovs and women were +wailing and lamenting as they said good-by. A small watchdog ran round +barking in front of the harnessed horses. + +Alptych entered the innyard at a quicker pace than usual and went +straight to the shed where his horses and trap were. The coachman was +asleep. He woke him up, told him to harness, and went into the passage. +From the hosts room came the sounds of a child crying, the despairing +sobs of a woman, and the hoarse angry shouting of Ferapntov. The cook +began running hither and thither in the passage like a frightened hen, +just as Alptych entered. + +Hes done her to death. Killed the mistress!... Beat her... dragged her +about so!... + +What for? asked Alptych. + +She kept begging to go away. Shes a woman! Take me away, says she, +dont let me perish with my little children! Folks, she says, are all +gone, so why, she says, dont we go? And he began beating and pulling +her about so! + +At these words Alptych nodded as if in approval, and not wishing to +hear more went to the door of the room opposite the innkeepers, where +he had left his purchases. + +You brute, you murderer! screamed a thin, pale woman who, with a baby +in her arms and her kerchief torn from her head, burst through the door +at that moment and down the steps into the yard. + +Ferapntov came out after her, but on seeing Alptych adjusted his +waistcoat, smoothed his hair, yawned, and followed Alptych into the +opposite room. + +Going already? said he. + +Alptych, without answering or looking at his host, sorted his packages +and asked how much he owed. + +Well reckon up! Well, have you been to the Governors? asked +Ferapntov. What has been decided? + +Alptych replied that the Governor had not told him anything definite. + +With our business, how can we get away? said Ferapntov. Wed have +to pay seven rubles a cartload to Dorogobzh and I tell them theyre +not Christians to ask it! Selivnov, now, did a good stroke last +Thursdaysold flour to the army at nine rubles a sack. Will you have +some tea? he added. + +While the horses were being harnessed Alptych and Ferapntov over their +tea talked of the price of corn, the crops, and the good weather for +harvesting. + +Well, it seems to be getting quieter, remarked Ferapntov, finishing +his third cup of tea and getting up. Ours must have got the best of it. +The orders were not to let them in. So were in force, it seems.... +They say the other day Matthew Ivnych Pltov drove them into the river +Mrina and drowned some eighteen thousand in one day. + +Alptych collected his parcels, handed them to the coachman who had come +in, and settled up with the innkeeper. The noise of wheels, hoofs, and +bells was heard from the gateway as a little trap passed out. + +It was by now late in the afternoon. Half the street was in shadow, the +other half brightly lit by the sun. Alptych looked out of the window +and went to the door. Suddenly the strange sound of a far-off whistling +and thud was heard, followed by a boom of cannon blending into a dull +roar that set the windows rattling. + +He went out into the street two men were running past toward the +bridge. From different sides came whistling sounds and the thud of +cannon balls and bursting shells falling on the town. But these sounds +were hardly heard in comparison with the noise of the firing outside the +town and attracted little attention from the inhabitants. The town was +being bombarded by a hundred and thirty guns which Napoleon had ordered +up after four oclock. The people did not at once realize the meaning of +this bombardment. + +At first the noise of the falling bombs and shells only aroused +curiosity. Ferapntovs wife, who till then had not ceased wailing under +the shed, became quiet and with the baby in her arms went to the gate, +listening to the sounds and looking in silence at the people. + +The cook and a shop assistant came to the gate. With lively curiosity +everyone tried to get a glimpse of the projectiles as they flew over +their heads. Several people came round the corner talking eagerly. + +What force! remarked one. Knocked the roof and ceiling all to +splinters! + +Routed up the earth like a pig, said another. + +Thats grand, it bucks one up! laughed the first. Lucky you jumped +aside, or it would have wiped you out! + +Others joined those men and stopped and told how cannon balls had fallen +on a house close to them. Meanwhile still more projectiles, now with +the swift sinister whistle of a cannon ball, now with the agreeable +intermittent whistle of a shell, flew over peoples heads incessantly, +but not one fell close by, they all flew over. Alptych was getting into +his trap. The innkeeper stood at the gate. + +What are you staring at? he shouted to the cook, who in her red skirt, +with sleeves rolled up, swinging her bare elbows, had stepped to the +corner to listen to what was being said. + +What marvels! she exclaimed, but hearing her masters voice she turned +back, pulling down her tucked-up skirt. + +Once more something whistled, but this time quite close, swooping +downwards like a little bird a flame flashed in the middle of the +street, something exploded, and the street was shrouded in smoke. + +Scoundrel, what are you doing? shouted the innkeeper, rushing to the +cook. + +At that moment the pitiful wailing of women was heard from different +sides, the frightened baby began to cry, and people crowded silently +with pale faces round the cook. The loudest sound in that crowd was her +wailing. + +Oh-h-h! Dear souls, dear kind souls! Dont let me die! My good +souls!... + +Five minutes later no one remained in the street. The cook, with her +thigh broken by a shell splinter, had been carried into the kitchen. +Alptych, his coachman, Ferapntovs wife and children and the house +porter were all sitting in the cellar, listening. The roar of guns, the +whistling of projectiles, and the piteous moaning of the cook, which +rose above the other sounds, did not cease for a moment. The mistress +rocked and hushed her baby and when anyone came into the cellar asked +in a pathetic whisper what had become of her husband who had remained +in the street. A shopman who entered told her that her husband had +gone with others to the cathedral, whence they were fetching the +wonder-working icon of Smolnsk. + +Toward dusk the cannonade began to subside. Alptych left the cellar +and stopped in the doorway. The evening sky that had been so clear was +clouded with smoke, through which, high up, the sickle of the new moon +shone strangely. Now that the terrible din of the guns had ceased a hush +seemed to reign over the town, broken only by the rustle of footsteps, +the moaning, the distant cries, and the crackle of fires which seemed +widespread everywhere. The cooks moans had now subsided. On two sides +black curling clouds of smoke rose and spread from the fires. Through +the streets soldiers in various uniforms walked or ran confusedly in +different directions like ants from a ruined ant-hill. Several of them +ran into Ferapntovs yard before Alptychs eyes. Alptych went out +to the gate. A retreating regiment, thronging and hurrying, blocked the +street. + +Noticing him, an officer said The town is being abandoned. Get away, +get away! and then, turning to the soldiers, shouted + +Ill teach you to run into the yards! + +Alptych went back to the house, called the coachman, and told him to +set off. Ferapntovs whole household came out too, following Alptych +and the coachman. The women, who had been silent till then, suddenly +began to wail as they looked at the firesthe smoke and even the flames +of which could be seen in the failing twilightand as if in reply the +same kind of lamentation was heard from other parts of the street. +Inside the shed Alptych and the coachman arranged the tangled reins and +traces of their horses with trembling hands. + +As Alptych was driving out of the gate he saw some ten soldiers in +Ferapntovs open shop, talking loudly and filling their bags and +knapsacks with flour and sunflower seeds. Just then Ferapntov returned +and entered his shop. On seeing the soldiers he was about to shout at +them, but suddenly stopped and, clutching at his hair, burst into sobs +and laughter + +Loot everything, lads! Dont let those devils get it! he cried, taking +some bags of flour himself and throwing them into the street. + +Some of the soldiers were frightened and ran away, others went on +filling their bags. On seeing Alptych, Ferapntov turned to him + +Russia is done for! he cried. Alptych, Ill set the place on fire +myself. Were done for!... and Ferapntov ran into the yard. + +Soldiers were passing in a constant stream along the street blocking +it completely, so that Alptych could not pass out and had to wait. +Ferapntovs wife and children were also sitting in a cart waiting till +it was possible to drive out. + +Night had come. There were stars in the sky and the new moon shone out +amid the smoke that screened it. On the sloping descent to the Dnieper +Alptychs cart and that of the innkeepers wife, which were slowly +moving amid the rows of soldiers and of other vehicles, had to stop. +In a side street near the crossroads where the vehicles had stopped, a +house and some shops were on fire. This fire was already burning itself +out. The flames now died down and were lost in the black smoke, now +suddenly flared up again brightly, lighting up with strange distinctness +the faces of the people crowding at the crossroads. Black figures +flitted about before the fire, and through the incessant crackling of +the flames talking and shouting could be heard. Seeing that his trap +would not be able to move on for some time, Alptych got down and turned +into the side street to look at the fire. Soldiers were continually +rushing backwards and forwards near it, and he saw two of them and a +man in a frieze coat dragging burning beams into another yard across the +street, while others carried bundles of hay. + +Alptych went up to a large crowd standing before a high barn which was +blazing briskly. The walls were all on fire and the back wall had fallen +in, the wooden roof was collapsing, and the rafters were alight. The +crowd was evidently watching for the roof to fall in, and Alptych +watched for it too. + +Alptych! a familiar voice suddenly hailed the old man. + +Mercy on us! Your excellency! answered Alptych, immediately +recognizing the voice of his young prince. + +Prince Andrew in his riding cloak, mounted on a black horse, was looking +at Alptych from the back of the crowd. + +Why are you here? he asked. + +Your... your excellency, stammered Alptych and broke into sobs. Are +we really lost? Master!... + +Why are you here? Prince Andrew repeated. + +At that moment the flames flared up and showed his young masters pale +worn face. Alptych told how he had been sent there and how difficult it +was to get away. + +Are we really quite lost, your excellency? he asked again. + +Prince Andrew without replying took out a notebook and raising his knee +began writing in pencil on a page he tore out. He wrote to his sister + +Smolnsk is being abandoned. Bald Hills will be occupied by the enemy +within a week. Set off immediately for Moscow. Let me know at once when +you will start. Send by special messenger to Usvyzh. + +Having written this and given the paper to Alptych, he told him how +to arrange for departure of the prince, the princess, his son, and the +boys tutor, and how and where to let him know immediately. Before +he had had time to finish giving these instructions, a chief of staff +followed by a suite galloped up to him. + +You are a colonel? shouted the chief of staff with a German accent, +in a voice familiar to Prince Andrew. Houses are set on fire in your +presence and you stand by! What does this mean? You will answer for +it! shouted Berg, who was now assistant to the chief of staff of the +commander of the left flank of the infantry of the first army, a place, +as Berg said, very agreeable and well en vidence. + +Prince Andrew looked at him and without replying went on speaking to +Alptych. + +So tell them that I shall await a reply till the tenth, and if by the +tenth I dont receive news that they have all got away I shall have to +throw up everything and come myself to Bald Hills. + +Prince, said Berg, recognizing Prince Andrew, I only spoke because +I have to obey orders, because I always do obey exactly.... You must +please excuse me, he went on apologetically. + +Something cracked in the flames. The fire died down for a moment and +wreaths of black smoke rolled from under the roof. There was another +terrible crash and something huge collapsed. + +Ou-rou-rou! yelled the crowd, echoing the crash of the collapsing roof +of the barn, the burning grain in which diffused a cakelike aroma all +around. The flames flared up again, lighting the animated, delighted, +exhausted faces of the spectators. + +The man in the frieze coat raised his arms and shouted + +Its fine, lads! Now its raging... Its fine! + +Thats the owner himself, cried several voices. + +Well then, continued Prince Andrew to Alptych, report to them as I +have told you and not replying a word to Berg who was now mute beside +him, he touched his horse and rode down the side street. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +From Smolnsk the troops continued to retreat, followed by the enemy. +On the tenth of August the regiment Prince Andrew commanded was marching +along the highroad past the avenue leading to Bald Hills. Heat and +drought had continued for more than three weeks. Each day fleecy clouds +floated across the sky and occasionally veiled the sun, but toward +evening the sky cleared again and the sun set in reddish-brown mist. +Heavy night dews alone refreshed the earth. The unreaped corn was +scorched and shed its grain. The marshes dried up. The cattle lowed from +hunger, finding no food on the sun-parched meadows. Only at night and +in the forests while the dew lasted was there any freshness. But on the +road, the highroad along which the troops marched, there was no such +freshness even at night or when the road passed through the forest the +dew was imperceptible on the sandy dust churned up more than six inches +deep. As soon as day dawned the march began. The artillery and baggage +wagons moved noiselessly through the deep dust that rose to the very +hubs of the wheels, and the infantry sank ankle-deep in that soft, +choking, hot dust that never cooled even at night. Some of this dust +was kneaded by the feet and wheels, while the rest rose and hung like a +cloud over the troops, settling in eyes, ears, hair, and nostrils, and +worst of all in the lungs of the men and beasts as they moved along that +road. The higher the sun rose the higher rose that cloud of dust, and +through the screen of its hot fine particles one could look with naked +eye at the sun, which showed like a huge crimson ball in the unclouded +sky. There was no wind, and the men choked in that motionless +atmosphere. They marched with handkerchiefs tied over their noses and +mouths. When they passed through a village they all rushed to the wells +and fought for the water and drank it down to the mud. + +Prince Andrew was in command of a regiment, and the management of that +regiment, the welfare of the men and the necessity of receiving +and giving orders, engrossed him. The burning of Smolnsk and its +abandonment made an epoch in his life. A novel feeling of anger against +the foe made him forget his own sorrow. He was entirely devoted to the +affairs of his regiment and was considerate and kind to his men and +officers. In the regiment they called him our prince, were proud +of him and loved him. But he was kind and gentle only to those of his +regiment, to Timkhin and the likepeople quite new to him, belonging +to a different world and who could not know and understand his past. As +soon as he came across a former acquaintance or anyone from the +staff, he bristled up immediately and grew spiteful, ironical, and +contemptuous. Everything that reminded him of his past was repugnant to +him, and so in his relations with that former circle he confined himself +to trying to do his duty and not to be unfair. + +In truth everything presented itself in a dark and gloomy light to +Prince Andrew, especially after the abandonment of Smolnsk on the sixth +of August (he considered that it could and should have been defended) +and after his sick father had had to flee to Moscow, abandoning to +pillage his dearly beloved Bald Hills which he had built and peopled. +But despite this, thanks to his regiment, Prince Andrew had something to +think about entirely apart from general questions. Two days previously +he had received news that his father, son, and sister had left for +Moscow and though there was nothing for him to do at Bald Hills, Prince +Andrew with a characteristic desire to foment his own grief decided that +he must ride there. + +He ordered his horse to be saddled and, leaving his regiment on the +march, rode to his fathers estate where he had been born and spent his +childhood. Riding past the pond where there used always to be dozens +of women chattering as they rinsed their linen or beat it with wooden +beetles, Prince Andrew noticed that there was not a soul about and that +the little washing wharf, torn from its place and half submerged, was +floating on its side in the middle of the pond. He rode to the keepers +lodge. No one at the stone entrance gates of the drive and the door +stood open. Grass had already begun to grow on the garden paths, and +horses and calves were straying in the English park. Prince Andrew rode +up to the hothouse some of the glass panes were broken, and of the +trees in tubs some were overturned and others dried up. He called for +Tars the gardener, but no one replied. Having gone round the corner +of the hothouse to the ornamental garden, he saw that the carved garden +fence was broken and branches of the plum trees had been torn off with +the fruit. An old peasant whom Prince Andrew in his childhood had often +seen at the gate was sitting on a green garden seat, plaiting a bast +shoe. + +He was deaf and did not hear Prince Andrew ride up. He was sitting on +the seat the old prince used to like to sit on, and beside him strips of +bast were hanging on the broken and withered branch of a magnolia. + +Prince Andrew rode up to the house. Several limes in the old garden had +been cut down and a piebald mare and her foal were wandering in front of +the house among the rosebushes. The shutters were all closed, except at +one window which was open. A little serf boy, seeing Prince Andrew, ran +into the house. Alptych, having sent his family away, was alone at +Bald Hills and was sitting indoors reading the Lives of the Saints. On +hearing that Prince Andrew had come, he went out with his spectacles on +his nose, buttoning his coat, and, hastily stepping up, without a word +began weeping and kissing Prince Andrews knee. + +Then, vexed at his own weakness, he turned away and began to report +on the position of affairs. Everything precious and valuable had been +removed to Boguchrovo. Seventy quarters of grain had also been carted +away. The hay and the spring corn, of which Alptych said there had been +a remarkable crop that year, had been commandeered by the troops and +mown down while still green. The peasants were ruined some of them too +had gone to Boguchrovo, only a few remained. + +Without waiting to hear him out, Prince Andrew asked + +When did my father and sister leave? meaning when did they leave for +Moscow. + +Alptych, understanding the question to refer to their departure for +Boguchrovo, replied that they had left on the seventh and again went +into details concerning the estate management, asking for instructions. + +Am I to let the troops have the oats, and to take a receipt for them? +We have still six hundred quarters left, he inquired. + +What am I to say to him? thought Prince Andrew, looking down on the +old mans bald head shining in the sun and seeing by the expression on +his face that the old man himself understood how untimely such questions +were and only asked them to allay his grief. + +Yes, let them have it, replied Prince Andrew. + +If you noticed some disorder in the garden, said Alptych, it was +impossible to prevent it. Three regiments have been here and spent +the night, dragoons mostly. I took down the name and rank of their +commanding officer, to hand in a complaint about it. + +Well, and what are you going to do? Will you stay here if the enemy +occupies the place? asked Prince Andrew. + +Alptych turned his face to Prince Andrew, looked at him, and suddenly +with a solemn gesture raised his arm. + +He is my refuge! His will be done! he exclaimed. + +A group of bareheaded peasants was approaching across the meadow toward +the prince. + +Well, good-by! said Prince Andrew, bending over to Alptych. You +must go away too, take away what you can and tell the serfs to go to the +Ryazn estate or to the one near Moscow. + +Alptych clung to Prince Andrews leg and burst into sobs. Gently +disengaging himself, the prince spurred his horse and rode down the +avenue at a gallop. + +The old man was still sitting in the ornamental garden, like a fly +impassive on the face of a loved one who is dead, tapping the last on +which he was making the bast shoe, and two little girls, running out +from the hot house carrying in their skirts plums they had plucked from +the trees there, came upon Prince Andrew. On seeing the young master, +the elder one with frightened look clutched her younger companion by the +hand and hid with her behind a birch tree, not stopping to pick up some +green plums they had dropped. + +Prince Andrew turned away with startled haste, unwilling to let them +see that they had been observed. He was sorry for the pretty frightened +little girl, was afraid of looking at her, and yet felt an irresistible +desire to do so. A new sensation of comfort and relief came over him +when, seeing these girls, he realized the existence of other human +interests entirely aloof from his own and just as legitimate as those +that occupied him. Evidently these girls passionately desired one +thingto carry away and eat those green plums without being caughtand +Prince Andrew shared their wish for the success of their enterprise. He +could not resist looking at them once more. Believing their danger past, +they sprang from their ambush and, chirruping something in their shrill +little voices and holding up their skirts, their bare little sunburned +feet scampered merrily and quickly across the meadow grass. + +Prince Andrew was somewhat refreshed by having ridden off the dusty +highroad along which the troops were moving. But not far from Bald Hills +he again came out on the road and overtook his regiment at its halting +place by the dam of a small pond. It was past one oclock. The sun, +a red ball through the dust, burned and scorched his back intolerably +through his black coat. The dust always hung motionless above the buzz +of talk that came from the resting troops. There was no wind. As he +crossed the dam Prince Andrew smelled the ooze and freshness of the +pond. He longed to get into that water, however dirty it might be, and +he glanced round at the pool from whence came sounds of shrieks and +laughter. The small, muddy, green pond had risen visibly more than a +foot, flooding the dam, because it was full of the naked white bodies +of soldiers with brick-red hands, necks, and faces, who were splashing +about in it. All this naked white human flesh, laughing and shrieking, +floundered about in that dirty pool like carp stuffed into a watering +can, and the suggestion of merriment in that floundering mass rendered +it specially pathetic. + +One fair-haired young soldier of the third company, whom Prince Andrew +knew and who had a strap round the calf of one leg, crossed himself, +stepped back to get a good run, and plunged into the water another, +a dark noncommissioned officer who was always shaggy, stood up to his +waist in the water joyfully wriggling his muscular figure and snorted +with satisfaction as he poured the water over his head with hands +blackened to the wrists. There were sounds of men slapping one another, +yelling, and puffing. + +Everywhere on the bank, on the dam, and in the pond, there was healthy, +white, muscular flesh. The officer, Timkhin, with his red little nose, +standing on the dam wiping himself with a towel, felt confused at seeing +the prince, but made up his mind to address him nevertheless. + +Its very nice, your excellency! Wouldnt you like to? said he. + +Its dirty, replied Prince Andrew, making a grimace. + +Well clear it out for you in a minute, said Timkhin, and, still +undressed, ran off to clear the men out of the pond. + +The prince wants to bathe. + +What prince? Ours? said many voices, and the men were in such haste +to clear out that the prince could hardly stop them. He decided that he +would rather wash himself with water in the barn. + +Flesh, bodies, cannon fodder! he thought, and he looked at his own +naked body and shuddered, not from cold but from a sense of disgust +and horror he did not himself understand, aroused by the sight of that +immense number of bodies splashing about in the dirty pond. + + +On the seventh of August Prince Bagratin wrote as follows from his +quarters at Mikhylovna on the Smolnsk road + +Dear Count Alxis Andrevich(He was writing to Arakchev but knew that +his letter would be read by the Emperor, and therefore weighed every +word in it to the best of his ability.) + +I expect the Minister (Barclay de Tolly) has already reported the +abandonment of Smolnsk to the enemy. It is pitiable and sad, and +the whole army is in despair that this most important place has been +wantonly abandoned. I, for my part, begged him personally most urgently +and finally wrote him, but nothing would induce him to consent. I swear +to you on my honor that Napoleon was in such a fix as never before and +might have lost half his army but could not have taken Smolnsk. Our +troops fought, and are fighting, as never before. With fifteen thousand +men I held the enemy at bay for thirty-five hours and beat him but he +would not hold out even for fourteen hours. It is disgraceful, a stain +on our army, and as for him, he ought, it seems to me, not to live. If +he reports that our losses were great, it is not true perhaps about +four thousand, not more, and not even that but even were they ten +thousand, thats war! But the enemy has lost masses.... + +What would it have cost him to hold out for another two days? They would +have had to retire of their own accord, for they had no water for men +or horses. He gave me his word he would not retreat, but suddenly sent +instructions that he was retiring that night. We cannot fight in this +way, or we may soon bring the enemy to Moscow.... + +There is a rumor that you are thinking of peace. God forbid that you +should make peace after all our sacrifices and such insane retreats! You +would set all Russia against you and everyone of us would feel ashamed +to wear the uniform. If it has come to thiswe must fight as long as +Russia can and as long as there are men able to stand.... + +One man ought to be in command, and not two. Your Minister may perhaps +be good as a Minister, but as a general he is not merely bad but +execrable, yet to him is entrusted the fate of our whole country.... I +am really frantic with vexation forgive my writing boldly. It is clear +that the man who advocates the conclusion of a peace, and that the +Minister should command the army, does not love our sovereign and +desires the ruin of us all. So I write you frankly call out the +militia. For the Minister is leading these visitors after him to Moscow +in a most masterly way. The whole army feels great suspicion of the +Imperial aide-de-camp Wolzogen. He is said to be more Napoleons man +than ours, and he is always advising the Minister. I am not merely civil +to him but obey him like a corporal, though I am his senior. This is +painful, but, loving my benefactor and sovereign, I submit. Only I am +sorry for the Emperor that he entrusts our fine army to such as he. +Consider that on our retreat we have lost by fatigue and left in the +hospital more than fifteen thousand men, and had we attacked this would +not have happened. Tell me, for Gods sake, what will Russia, our mother +Russia, say to our being so frightened, and why are we abandoning our +good and gallant Fatherland to such rabble and implanting feelings of +hatred and shame in all our subjects? What are we scared at and of whom +are we afraid? I am not to blame that the Minister is vacillating, +a coward, dense, dilatory, and has all bad qualities. The whole army +bewails it and calls down curses upon him.... + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Among the innumerable categories applicable to the phenomena of human +life one may discriminate between those in which substance prevails +and those in which form prevails. To the latteras distinguished +from village, country, provincial, or even Moscow lifewe may allot +Petersburg life, and especially the life of its salons. That life of +the salons is unchanging. Since the year 1805 we had made peace and had +again quarreled with Bonaparte and had made constitutions and unmade +them again, but the salons of Anna Pvlovna and Hlne remained just +as they had beenthe one seven and the other five years before. At Anna +Pvlovnas they talked with perplexity of Bonapartes successes just +as before and saw in them and in the subservience shown to him by the +European sovereigns a malicious conspiracy, the sole object of which was +to cause unpleasantness and anxiety to the court circle of which Anna +Pvlovna was the representative. And in Hlnes salon, which Rumyntsev +himself honored with his visits, regarding Hlne as a remarkably +intelligent woman, they talked with the same ecstasy in 1812 as in 1808 +of the great nation and the great man, and regretted our rupture +with France, a rupture which, according to them, ought to be promptly +terminated by peace. + +Of late, since the Emperors return from the army, there had been some +excitement in these conflicting salon circles and some demonstrations +of hostility to one another, but each camp retained its own tendency. +In Anna Pvlovnas circle only those Frenchmen were admitted who were +deep-rooted legitimists, and patriotic views were expressed to the +effect that one ought not to go to the French theater and that to +maintain the French troupe was costing the government as much as a whole +army corps. The progress of the war was eagerly followed, and only +the reports most flattering to our army were circulated. In the French +circle of Hlne and Rumyntsev the reports of the cruelty of the +enemy and of the war were contradicted and all Napoleons attempts at +conciliation were discussed. In that circle they discountenanced those +who advised hurried preparations for a removal to Kazn of the court and +the girls educational establishments under the patronage of the Dowager +Empress. In Hlnes circle the war in general was regarded as a series +of formal demonstrations which would very soon end in peace, and the +view prevailed expressed by Bilbinwho now in Petersburg was quite at +home in Hlnes house, which every clever man was obliged to visitthat +not by gunpowder but by those who invented it would matters be +settled. In that circle the Moscow enthusiasmnews of which had reached +Petersburg simultaneously with the Emperors returnwas ridiculed +sarcastically and very cleverly, though with much caution. + +Anna Pvlovnas circle on the contrary was enraptured by this enthusiasm +and spoke of it as Plutarch speaks of the deeds of the ancients. +Prince Vasli, who still occupied his former important posts, formed a +connecting link between these two circles. He visited his good friend +Anna Pvlovna as well as his daughters diplomatic salon, and often +in his constant comings and goings between the two camps became confused +and said at Hlnes what he should have said at Anna Pvlovnas and +vice versa. + +Soon after the Emperors return Prince Vasli in a conversation about +the war at Anna Pvlovnas severely condemned Barclay de Tolly, but was +undecided as to who ought to be appointed commander in chief. One of the +visitors, usually spoken of as a man of great merit, having described +how he had that day seen Kutzov, the newly chosen chief of the +Petersburg militia, presiding over the enrollment of recruits at the +Treasury, cautiously ventured to suggest that Kutzov would be the man +to satisfy all requirements. + +Anna Pvlovna remarked with a melancholy smile that Kutzov had done +nothing but cause the Emperor annoyance. + +I have talked and talked at the Assembly of the Nobility, Prince +Vasli interrupted, but they did not listen to me. I told them his +election as chief of the militia would not please the Emperor. They did +not listen to me. + +Its all this mania for opposition, he went on. And who for? It is +all because we want to ape the foolish enthusiasm of those Muscovites, +Prince Vasli continued, forgetting for a moment that though at Hlnes +one had to ridicule the Moscow enthusiasm, at Anna Pvlovnas one had to +be ecstatic about it. But he retrieved his mistake at once. Now, is +it suitable that Count Kutzov, the oldest general in Russia, should +preside at that tribunal? He will get nothing for his pains! How could +they make a man commander in chief who cannot mount a horse, who drops +asleep at a council, and has the very worst morals! A good reputation +he made for himself at Bucharest! I dont speak of his capacity as a +general, but at a time like this how they appoint a decrepit, blind old +man, positively blind? A fine idea to have a blind general! He cant see +anything. To play blindmans buff? He cant see at all! + +No one replied to his remarks. + +This was quite correct on the twenty-fourth of July. But on the +twenty-ninth of July Kutzov received the title of Prince. This might +indicate a wish to get rid of him, and therefore Prince Vaslis opinion +continued to be correct though he was not now in any hurry to express +it. But on the eighth of August a committee, consisting of Field Marshal +Saltykv, Arakchev, Vyazmtinov, Lopukhn, and Kochuby met to consider +the progress of the war. This committee came to the conclusion that +our failures were due to a want of unity in the command and though the +members of the committee were aware of the Emperors dislike of Kutzov, +after a short deliberation they agreed to advise his appointment as +commander in chief. That same day Kutzov was appointed commander +in chief with full powers over the armies and over the whole region +occupied by them. + +On the ninth of August Prince Vasli at Anna Pvlovnas again met the +man of great merit. The latter was very attentive to Anna Pvlovna +because he wanted to be appointed director of one of the educational +establishments for young ladies. Prince Vasli entered the room with the +air of a happy conqueror who has attained the object of his desires. + +Well, have you heard the great news? Prince Kutzov is field marshal! +All dissensions are at an end! I am so glad, so delighted! At last +we have a man! said he, glancing sternly and significantly round at +everyone in the drawing room. + +The man of great merit, despite his desire to obtain the post of +director, could not refrain from reminding Prince Vasli of his former +opinion. Though this was impolite to Prince Vasli in Anna Pvlovnas +drawing room, and also to Anna Pvlovna herself who had received the +news with delight, he could not resist the temptation. + +But, Prince, they say he is blind! said he, reminding Prince Vasli of +his own words. + +Eh? Nonsense! He sees well enough, said Prince Vasli rapidly, in a +deep voice and with a slight coughthe voice and cough with which he was +wont to dispose of all difficulties. + +He sees well enough, he added. And what I am so pleased about, he +went on, is that our sovereign has given him full powers over all +the armies and the whole regionpowers no commander in chief ever had +before. He is a second autocrat, he concluded with a victorious smile. + +God grant it! God grant it! said Anna Pvlovna. + +The man of great merit, who was still a novice in court circles, +wishing to flatter Anna Pvlovna by defending her former position on +this question, observed + +It is said that the Emperor was reluctant to give Kutzov those powers. +They say he blushed like a girl to whom Joconde is read, when he said to +Kutzov Your Emperor and the Fatherland award you this honor. + +Perhaps the heart took no part in that speech, said Anna Pvlovna. + +Oh, no, no! warmly rejoined Prince Vasli, who would not now yield +Kutzov to anyone in his opinion Kutzov was not only admirable +himself, but was adored by everybody. No, thats impossible, said he, +for our sovereign appreciated him so highly before. + +God grant only that Prince Kutzov assumes real power and does not +allow anyone to put a spoke in his wheel, observed Anna Pvlovna. + +Understanding at once to whom she alluded, Prince Vasli said in a +whisper + +I know for a fact that Kutzov made it an absolute condition that the +Tsarvich should not be with the army. Do you know what he said to the +Emperor? + +And Prince Vasli repeated the words supposed to have been spoken by +Kutzov to the Emperor. I can neither punish him if he does wrong nor +reward him if he does right. + +Oh, a very wise man is Prince Kutzov! I have known him a long time! + +They even say, remarked the man of great merit who did not yet +possess courtly tact, that his excellency made it an express condition +that the sovereign himself should not be with the army. + +As soon as he said this both Prince Vasli and Anna Pvlovna turned away +from him and glanced sadly at one another with a sigh at his navet. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +While this was taking place in Petersburg the French had already passed +Smolnsk and were drawing nearer and nearer to Moscow. Napoleons +historian Thiers, like other of his historians, trying to justify his +hero says that he was drawn to the walls of Moscow against his will. He +is as right as other historians who look for the explanation of historic +events in the will of one man he is as right as the Russian historians +who maintain that Napoleon was drawn to Moscow by the skill of the +Russian commanders. Here besides the law of retrospection, which regards +all the past as a preparation for events that subsequently occur, +the law of reciprocity comes in, confusing the whole matter. A good +chessplayer having lost a game is sincerely convinced that his loss +resulted from a mistake he made and looks for that mistake in the +opening, but forgets that at each stage of the game there were similar +mistakes and that none of his moves were perfect. He only notices the +mistake to which he pays attention, because his opponent took advantage +of it. How much more complex than this is the game of war, which +occurs under certain limits of time, and where it is not one will that +manipulates lifeless objects, but everything results from innumerable +conflicts of various wills! + +After Smolnsk Napoleon sought a battle beyond Dorogobzh at Vyzma, and +then at Tsrevo-Zaymshche, but it happened that owing to a conjunction +of innumerable circumstances the Russians could not give battle till +they reached Borodin, seventy miles from Moscow. From Vyzma Napoleon +ordered a direct advance on Moscow. + +Moscou, la capitale asiatique de ce grand empire, la ville sacre des +peuples dAlexandre, Moscou avec ses innombrables glises en forme de +pagodes chinoises, * this Moscow gave Napoleons imagination no rest. +On the march from Vyzma to Tsrevo-Zaymshche he rode his light bay +bobtailed ambler accompanied by his Guards, his bodyguard, his pages, +and aides-de-camp. Berthier, his chief of staff, dropped behind to +question a Russian prisoner captured by the cavalry. Followed by +Lelorgne dIdeville, an interpreter, he overtook Napoleon at a gallop +and reined in his horse with an amused expression. + + * Moscow, the Asiatic capital of this great empire, the + sacred city of Alexanders people, Moscow with its + innumerable churches shaped like Chinese pagodas. + + +Well? asked Napoleon. + +One of Pltovs Cossacks says that Pltovs corps is joining up with +the main army and that Kutzov has been appointed commander in chief. He +is a very shrewd and garrulous fellow. + +Napoleon smiled and told them to give the Cossack a horse and bring the +man to him. He wished to talk to him himself. Several adjutants galloped +off, and an hour later, Lavrshka, the serf Densov had handed over +to Rostv, rode up to Napoleon in an orderlys jacket and on a French +cavalry saddle, with a merry, and tipsy face. Napoleon told him to ride +by his side and began questioning him. + +You are a Cossack? + +Yes, a Cossack, your Honor. + +The Cossack, not knowing in what company he was, for Napoleons plain +appearance had nothing about it that would reveal to an Oriental mind +the presence of a monarch, talked with extreme familiarity of the +incidents of the war, says Thiers, narrating this episode. In +reality Lavrshka, having got drunk the day before and left his master +dinnerless, had been whipped and sent to the village in quest of +chickens, where he engaged in looting till the French took him prisoner. +Lavrshka was one of those coarse, bare-faced lackeys who have seen all +sorts of things, consider it necessary to do everything in a mean and +cunning way, are ready to render any sort of service to their master, +and are keen at guessing their masters baser impulses, especially those +prompted by vanity and pettiness. + +Finding himself in the company of Napoleon, whose identity he had easily +and surely recognized, Lavrshka was not in the least abashed but merely +did his utmost to gain his new masters favor. + +He knew very well that this was Napoleon, but Napoleons presence could +no more intimidate him than Rostvs, or a sergeant majors with the +rods, would have done, for he had nothing that either the sergeant major +or Napoleon could deprive him of. + +So he rattled on, telling all the gossip he had heard among the +orderlies. Much of it true. But when Napoleon asked him whether the +Russians thought they would beat Bonaparte or not, Lavrshka screwed up +his eyes and considered. + +In this question he saw subtle cunning, as men of his type see cunning +in everything, so he frowned and did not answer immediately. + +Its like this, he said thoughtfully, if theres a battle soon, yours +will win. Thats right. But if three days pass, then after that, well, +then that same battle will not soon be over. + +Lelorgne dIdeville smilingly interpreted this speech to Napoleon thus +If a battle takes place within the next three days the French will +win, but if later, God knows what will happen. Napoleon did not smile, +though he was evidently in high good humor, and he ordered these words +to be repeated. + +Lavrshka noticed this and to entertain him further, pretending not to +know who Napoleon was, added + +We know that you have Bonaparte and that he has beaten everybody in the +world, but we are a different matter...without knowing why or how this +bit of boastful patriotism slipped out at the end. + +The interpreter translated these words without the last phrase, and +Bonaparte smiled. The young Cossack made his mighty interlocutor +smile, says Thiers. After riding a few paces in silence, Napoleon +turned to Berthier and said he wished to see how the news that he was +talking to the Emperor himself, to that very Emperor who had written his +immortally victorious name on the Pyramids, would affect this enfant du +Don. * + + * Child of the Don. + + +The fact was accordingly conveyed to Lavrshka. + +Lavrshka, understanding that this was done to perplex him and that +Napoleon expected him to be frightened, to gratify his new masters +promptly pretended to be astonished and awe-struck, opened his eyes +wide, and assumed the expression he usually put on when taken to be +whipped. As soon as Napoleons interpreter had spoken, says Thiers, +the Cossack, seized by amazement, did not utter another word, but rode +on, his eyes fixed on the conqueror whose fame had reached him across +the steppes of the East. All his loquacity was suddenly arrested and +replaced by a nave and silent feeling of admiration. Napoleon, after +making the Cossack a present, had him set free like a bird restored to +its native fields. + +Napoleon rode on, dreaming of the Moscow that so appealed to his +imagination, and the bird restored to its native fields galloped to +our outposts, inventing on the way all that had not taken place but that +he meant to relate to his comrades. What had really taken place he did +not wish to relate because it seemed to him not worth telling. He +found the Cossacks, inquired for the regiment operating with Pltovs +detachment and by evening found his master, Nicholas Rostv, quartered +at Yankvo. Rostv was just mounting to go for a ride round the +neighboring villages with Ilyn he let Lavrshka have another horse and +took him along with him. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Princess Mary was not in Moscow and out of danger as Prince Andrew +supposed. + +After the return of Alptych from Smolnsk the old prince suddenly +seemed to awake as from a dream. He ordered the militiamen to be called +up from the villages and armed, and wrote a letter to the commander in +chief informing him that he had resolved to remain at Bald Hills to the +last extremity and to defend it, leaving to the commander in chiefs +discretion to take measures or not for the defense of Bald Hills, where +one of Russias oldest generals would be captured or killed, and he +announced to his household that he would remain at Bald Hills. + +But while himself remaining, he gave instructions for the departure of +the princess and Dessalles with the little prince to Boguchrovo and +thence to Moscow. Princess Mary, alarmed by her fathers feverish and +sleepless activity after his previous apathy, could not bring herself to +leave him alone and for the first time in her life ventured to disobey +him. She refused to go away and her fathers fury broke over her in a +terrible storm. He repeated every injustice he had ever inflicted on +her. Trying to convict her, he told her she had worn him out, had caused +his quarrel with his son, had harbored nasty suspicions of him, making +it the object of her life to poison his existence, and he drove her from +his study telling her that if she did not go away it was all the same +to him. He declared that he did not wish to remember her existence and +warned her not to dare to let him see her. The fact that he did not, as +she had feared, order her to be carried away by force but only told her +not to let him see her cheered Princess Mary. She knew it was a proof +that in the depth of his soul he was glad she was remaining at home and +had not gone away. + +The morning after little Nicholas had left, the old prince donned his +full uniform and prepared to visit the commander in chief. His calche +was already at the door. Princess Mary saw him walk out of the house in +his uniform wearing all his orders and go down the garden to review his +armed peasants and domestic serfs. She sat by the window listening to +his voice which reached her from the garden. Suddenly several men came +running up the avenue with frightened faces. + +Princess Mary ran out to the porch, down the flower-bordered path, and +into the avenue. A large crowd of militiamen and domestics were moving +toward her, and in their midst several men were supporting by +the armpits and dragging along a little old man in a uniform and +decorations. She ran up to him and, in the play of the sunlight that +fell in small round spots through the shade of the lime-tree avenue, +could not be sure what change there was in his face. All she could see +was that his former stern and determined expression had altered to one +of timidity and submission. On seeing his daughter he moved his helpless +lips and made a hoarse sound. It was impossible to make out what he +wanted. He was lifted up, carried to his study, and laid on the very +couch he had so feared of late. + +The doctor, who was fetched that same night, bled him and said that the +prince had had a seizure paralyzing his right side. + +It was becoming more and more dangerous to remain at Bald Hills, and +next day they moved the prince to Boguchrovo, the doctor accompanying +him. + +By the time they reached Boguchrovo, Dessalles and the little prince +had already left for Moscow. + +For three weeks the old prince lay stricken by paralysis in the new +house Prince Andrew had built at Boguchrovo, ever in the same state, +getting neither better nor worse. He was unconscious and lay like +a distorted corpse. He muttered unceasingly, his eyebrows and lips +twitching, and it was impossible to tell whether he understood what was +going on around him or not. One thing was certainthat he was suffering +and wished to say something. But what it was, no one could tell it +might be some caprice of a sick and half-crazy man, or it might relate +to public affairs, or possibly to family concerns. + +The doctor said this restlessness did not mean anything and was due +to physical causes but Princess Mary thought he wished to tell +her something, and the fact that her presence always increased his +restlessness confirmed her opinion. + +He was evidently suffering both physically and mentally. There was no +hope of recovery. It was impossible for him to travel, it would not do +to let him die on the road. Would it not be better if the end did come, +the very end? Princess Mary sometimes thought. Night and day, hardly +sleeping at all, she watched him and, terrible to say, often watched +him not with hope of finding signs of improvement but wishing to find +symptoms of the approach of the end. + +Strange as it was to her to acknowledge this feeling in herself, yet +there it was. And what seemed still more terrible to her was that since +her fathers illness began (perhaps even sooner, when she stayed with +him expecting something to happen), all the personal desires and hopes +that had been forgotten or sleeping within her had awakened. Thoughts +that had not entered her mind for yearsthoughts of a life free from +the fear of her father, and even the possibility of love and of family +happinessfloated continually in her imagination like temptations of the +devil. Thrust them aside as she would, questions continually recurred +to her as to how she would order her life now, after that. These were +temptations of the devil and Princess Mary knew it. She knew that the +sole weapon against him was prayer, and she tried to pray. She assumed +an attitude of prayer, looked at the icons, repeated the words of a +prayer, but she could not pray. She felt that a different world had +now taken possession of herthe life of a world of strenuous and free +activity, quite opposed to the spiritual world in which till now she +had been confined and in which her greatest comfort had been prayer. +She could not pray, could not weep, and worldly cares took possession of +her. + +It was becoming dangerous to remain in Boguchrovo. News of the approach +of the French came from all sides, and in one village, ten miles from +Boguchrovo, a homestead had been looted by French marauders. + +The doctor insisted on the necessity of moving the prince the +provincial Marshal of the Nobility sent an official to Princess Mary +to persuade her to get away as quickly as possible, and the head of the +rural police having come to Boguchrovo urged the same thing, saying +that the French were only some twenty-five miles away, that French +proclamations were circulating in the villages, and that if the princess +did not take her father away before the fifteenth, he could not answer +for the consequences. + +The princess decided to leave on the fifteenth. The cares of preparation +and giving orders, for which everyone came to her, occupied her all day. +She spent the night of the fourteenth as usual, without undressing, in +the room next to the one where the prince lay. Several times, waking up, +she heard his groans and muttering, the creak of his bed, and the steps +of Tkhon and the doctor when they turned him over. Several times she +listened at the door, and it seemed to her that his mutterings were +louder than usual and that they turned him over oftener. She could not +sleep and several times went to the door and listened, wishing to enter +but not deciding to do so. Though he did not speak, Princess Mary saw +and knew how unpleasant every sign of anxiety on his account was to him. +She had noticed with what dissatisfaction he turned from the look she +sometimes involuntarily fixed on him. She knew that her going in during +the night at an unusual hour would irritate him. + +But never had she felt so grieved for him or so much afraid of losing +him. She recalled all her life with him and in every word and act of his +found an expression of his love of her. Occasionally amid these memories +temptations of the devil would surge into her imagination thoughts of +how things would be after his death, and how her new, liberated life +would be ordered. But she drove these thoughts away with disgust. Toward +morning he became quiet and she fell asleep. + +She woke late. That sincerity which often comes with waking showed her +clearly what chiefly concerned her about her fathers illness. On waking +she listened to what was going on behind the door and, hearing him +groan, said to herself with a sigh that things were still the same. + +But what could have happened? What did I want? I want his death! she +cried with a feeling of loathing for herself. + +She washed, dressed, said her prayers, and went out to the porch. In +front of it stood carriages without horses and things were being packed +into the vehicles. + +It was a warm, gray morning. Princess Mary stopped at the porch, still +horrified by her spiritual baseness and trying to arrange her thoughts +before going to her father. The doctor came downstairs and went out to +her. + +He is a little better today, said he. I was looking for you. One can +make out something of what he is saying. His head is clearer. Come in, +he is asking for you.... + +Princess Marys heart beat so violently at this news that she grew pale +and leaned against the wall to keep from falling. To see him, talk to +him, feel his eyes on her now that her whole soul was overflowing with +those dreadful, wicked temptations, was a torment of joy and terror. + +Come, said the doctor. + +Princess Mary entered her fathers room and went up to his bed. He was +lying on his back propped up high, and his small bony hands with +their knotted purple veins were lying on the quilt his left eye gazed +straight before him, his right eye was awry, and his brows and lips +motionless. He seemed altogether so thin, small, and pathetic. His face +seemed to have shriveled or melted his features had grown smaller. +Princess Mary went up and kissed his hand. His left hand pressed hers +so that she understood that he had long been waiting for her to come. He +twitched her hand, and his brows and lips quivered angrily. + +She looked at him in dismay trying to guess what he wanted of her. When +she changed her position so that his left eye could see her face he +calmed down, not taking his eyes off her for some seconds. Then his lips +and tongue moved, sounds came, and he began to speak, gazing timidly and +imploringly at her, evidently afraid that she might not understand. + +Straining all her faculties Princess Mary looked at him. The comic +efforts with which he moved his tongue made her drop her eyes and with +difficulty repress the sobs that rose to her throat. He said something, +repeating the same words several times. She could not understand them, +but tried to guess what he was saying and inquiringly repeated the words +he uttered. + +Mmm...ar...ate...ate... he repeated several times. + +It was quite impossible to understand these sounds. The doctor thought +he had guessed them, and inquiringly repeated Mary, are you afraid? +The prince shook his head, again repeated the same sounds. + +My mind, my mind aches? questioned Princess Mary. + +He made a mumbling sound in confirmation of this, took her hand, and +began pressing it to different parts of his breast as if trying to find +the right place for it. + +Always thoughts... about you... thoughts... he then uttered much +more clearly than he had done before, now that he was sure of being +understood. + +Princess Mary pressed her head against his hand, trying to hide her sobs +and tears. + +He moved his hand over her hair. + +I have been calling you all night... he brought out. + +If only I had known... she said through her tears. I was afraid to +come in. + +He pressed her hand. + +Werent you asleep? + +No, I did not sleep, said Princess Mary, shaking her head. + +Unconsciously imitating her father, she now tried to express herself as +he did, as much as possible by signs, and her tongue too seemed to move +with difficulty. + +Dear one... Dearest... Princess Mary could not quite make out what he +had said, but from his look it was clear that he had uttered a tender +caressing word such as he had never used to her before. Why didnt you +come in? + +And I was wishing for his death! thought Princess Mary. + +He was silent awhile. + +Thank you... daughter dear!... for all, for all... forgive!... thank +you!... forgive!... thank you!... and tears began to flow from his +eyes. Call Andrew! he said suddenly, and a childish, timid expression +of doubt showed itself on his face as he spoke. + +He himself seemed aware that his demand was meaningless. So at least it +seemed to Princess Mary. + +I have a letter from him, she replied. + +He glanced at her with timid surprise. + +Where is he? + +Hes with the army, Father, at Smolnsk. + +He closed his eyes and remained silent a long time. Then as if in +answer to his doubts and to confirm the fact that now he understood and +remembered everything, he nodded his head and reopened his eyes. + +Yes, he said, softly and distinctly. Russia has perished. Theyve +destroyed her. + +And he began to sob, and again tears flowed from his eyes. Princess Mary +could no longer restrain herself and wept while she gazed at his face. + +Again he closed his eyes. His sobs ceased, he pointed to his eyes, and +Tkhon, understanding him, wiped away the tears. + +Then he again opened his eyes and said something none of them could +understand for a long time, till at last Tkhon understood and repeated +it. Princess Mary had sought the meaning of his words in the mood in +which he had just been speaking. She thought he was speaking of Russia, +or Prince Andrew, of herself, of his grandson, or of his own death, and +so she could not guess his words. + +Put on your white dress. I like it, was what he said. + +Having understood this Princess Mary sobbed still louder, and the doctor +taking her arm led her out to the veranda, soothing her and trying to +persuade her to prepare for her journey. When she had left the room the +prince again began speaking about his son, about the war, and about the +Emperor, angrily twitching his brows and raising his hoarse voice, and +then he had a second and final stroke. + +Princess Mary stayed on the veranda. The day had cleared, it was hot and +sunny. She could understand nothing, think of nothing and feel nothing, +except passionate love for her father, love such as she thought she had +never felt till that moment. She ran out sobbing into the garden and as +far as the pond, along the avenues of young lime trees Prince Andrew had +planted. + +Yes... I... I... I wished for his death! Yes, I wanted it to end +quicker.... I wished to be at peace.... And what will become of me? What +use will peace be when he is no longer here? Princess Mary murmured, +pacing the garden with hurried steps and pressing her hands to her bosom +which heaved with convulsive sobs. + +When she had completed the tour of the garden, which brought her +again to the house, she saw Mademoiselle Bouriennewho had remained +at Boguchrovo and did not wish to leave itcoming toward her with a +stranger. This was the Marshal of the Nobility of the district, who +had come personally to point out to the princess the necessity for her +prompt departure. Princess Mary listened without understanding him she +led him to the house, offered him lunch, and sat down with him. Then, +excusing herself, she went to the door of the old princes room. The +doctor came out with an agitated face and said she could not enter. + +Go away, Princess! Go away... go away! + +She returned to the garden and sat down on the grass at the foot of the +slope by the pond, where no one could see her. She did not know how +long she had been there when she was aroused by the sound of a womans +footsteps running along the path. She rose and saw Dunysha her maid, +who was evidently looking for her, and who stopped suddenly as if in +alarm on seeing her mistress. + +Please come, Princess... The Prince, said Dunysha in a breaking +voice. + +Immediately, Im coming, Im coming! replied the princess hurriedly, +not giving Dunysha time to finish what she was saying, and trying to +avoid seeing the girl she ran toward the house. + +Princess, its Gods will! You must be prepared for everything, said +the Marshal, meeting her at the house door. + +Let me alone its not true! she cried angrily to him. + +The doctor tried to stop her. She pushed him aside and ran to her +fathers door. Why are these people with frightened faces stopping me? +I dont want any of them! And what are they doing here? she thought. +She opened the door and the bright daylight in that previously darkened +room startled her. In the room were her nurse and other women. They all +drew back from the bed, making way for her. He was still lying on the +bed as before, but the stern expression of his quiet face made Princess +Mary stop short on the threshold. + +No, hes not deadits impossible! she told herself and approached +him, and repressing the terror that seized her, she pressed her lips +to his cheek. But she stepped back immediately. All the force of the +tenderness she had been feeling for him vanished instantly and was +replaced by a feeling of horror at what lay there before her. No, he +is no more! He is not, but here where he was is something unfamiliar and +hostile, some dreadful, terrifying, and repellent mystery! And hiding +her face in her hands, Princess Mary sank into the arms of the doctor, +who held her up. + + +In the presence of Tkhon and the doctor the women washed what had been +the prince, tied his head up with a handkerchief that the mouth should +not stiffen while open, and with another handkerchief tied together the +legs that were already spreading apart. Then they dressed him in uniform +with his decorations and placed his shriveled little body on a table. +Heaven only knows who arranged all this and when, but it all got done +as if of its own accord. Toward night candles were burning round his +coffin, a pall was spread over it, the floor was strewn with sprays of +juniper, a printed band was tucked in under his shriveled head, and in a +corner of the room sat a chanter reading the psalms. + +Just as horses shy and snort and gather about a dead horse, so the +inmates of the house and strangers crowded into the drawing room round +the coffinthe Marshal, the village Elder, peasant womenand all with +fixed and frightened eyes, crossing themselves, bowed and kissed the old +princes cold and stiffened hand. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Until Prince Andrew settled in Boguchrovo its owners had always been +absentees, and its peasants were of quite a different character from +those of Bald Hills. They differed from them in speech, dress, and +disposition. They were called steppe peasants. The old prince used to +approve of them for their endurance at work when they came to Bald Hills +to help with the harvest or to dig ponds, and ditches, but he disliked +them for their boorishness. + +Prince Andrews last stay at Boguchrovo, when he introduced hospitals +and schools and reduced the quitrent the peasants had to pay, had not +softened their disposition but had on the contrary strengthened in +them the traits of character the old prince called boorishness. Various +obscure rumors were always current among them at one time a rumor that +they would all be enrolled as Cossacks at another of a new religion to +which they were all to be converted then of some proclamation of the +Tsars and of an oath to the Tsar Paul in 1797 (in connection with which +it was rumored that freedom had been granted them but the landowners had +stopped it), then of Peter Fdorovichs return to the throne in seven +years time, when everything would be made free and so simple that +there would be no restrictions. Rumors of the war with Bonaparte and +his invasion were connected in their minds with the same sort of vague +notions of Antichrist, the end of the world, and pure freedom. + +In the vicinity of Boguchrovo were large villages belonging to the +crown or to owners whose serfs paid quitrent and could work where they +pleased. There were very few resident landlords in the neighborhood +and also very few domestic or literate serfs, and in the lives of the +peasantry of those parts the mysterious undercurrents in the life of +the Russian people, the causes and meaning of which are so baffling to +contemporaries, were more clearly and strongly noticeable than among +others. One instance, which had occurred some twenty years before, was +a movement among the peasants to emigrate to some unknown warm rivers. +Hundreds of peasants, among them the Boguchrovo folk, suddenly began +selling their cattle and moving in whole families toward the southeast. +As birds migrate to somewhere beyond the sea, so these men with their +wives and children streamed to the southeast, to parts where none of +them had ever been. They set off in caravans, bought their freedom one +by one or ran away, and drove or walked toward the warm rivers. Many +of them were punished, some sent to Siberia, many died of cold and +hunger on the road, many returned of their own accord, and the movement +died down of itself just as it had sprung up, without apparent reason. +But such undercurrents still existed among the people and gathered new +forces ready to manifest themselves just as strangely, unexpectedly, and +at the same time simply, naturally, and forcibly. Now in 1812, to anyone +living in close touch with these people it was apparent that these +undercurrents were acting strongly and nearing an eruption. + +Alptych, who had reached Boguchrovo shortly before the old princes +death, noticed an agitation among the peasants, and that contrary to +what was happening in the Bald Hills district, where over a radius of +forty miles all the peasants were moving away and leaving their villages +to be devastated by the Cossacks, the peasants in the steppe region +round Boguchrovo were, it was rumored, in touch with the French, +received leaflets from them that passed from hand to hand, and did not +migrate. He learned from domestic serfs loyal to him that the peasant +Karp, who possessed great influence in the village commune and had +recently been away driving a government transport, had returned with +news that the Cossacks were destroying deserted villages, but that the +French did not harm them. Alptych also knew that on the previous day +another peasant had even brought from the village of Vislokhovo, which +was occupied by the French, a proclamation by a French general that no +harm would be done to the inhabitants, and if they remained they would +be paid for anything taken from them. As proof of this the peasant had +brought from Vislokhovo a hundred rubles in notes (he did not know that +they were false) paid to him in advance for hay. + +More important still, Alptych learned that on the morning of the +very day he gave the village Elder orders to collect carts to move the +princess luggage from Boguchrovo, there had been a village meeting at +which it had been decided not to move but to wait. Yet there was no +time to waste. On the fifteenth, the day of the old princes death, +the Marshal had insisted on Princess Marys leaving at once, as it was +becoming dangerous. He had told her that after the sixteenth he could +not be responsible for what might happen. On the evening of the day the +old prince died the Marshal went away, promising to return next day for +the funeral. But this he was unable to do, for he received tidings that +the French had unexpectedly advanced, and had barely time to remove his +own family and valuables from his estate. + +For some thirty years Boguchrovo had been managed by the village Elder, +Dron, whom the old prince called by the diminutive Drnushka. + +Dron was one of those physically and mentally vigorous peasants who grow +big beards as soon as they are of age and go on unchanged till they +are sixty or seventy, without a gray hair or the loss of a tooth, as +straight and strong at sixty as at thirty. + +Soon after the migration to the warm rivers, in which he had taken +part like the rest, Dron was made village Elder and overseer of +Boguchrovo, and had since filled that post irreproachably for +twenty-three years. The peasants feared him more than they did their +master. The masters, both the old prince and the young, and the steward +respected him and jestingly called him the Minister. During the +whole time of his service Dron had never been drunk or ill, never after +sleepless nights or the hardest tasks had he shown the least fatigue, +and though he could not read he had never forgotten a single money +account or the number of quarters of flour in any of the endless +cartloads he sold for the prince, nor a single shock of the whole corn +crop on any single acre of the Boguchrovo fields. + +Alptych, arriving from the devastated Bald Hills estate, sent for his +Dron on the day of the princes funeral and told him to have twelve +horses got ready for the princess carriages and eighteen carts for +the things to be removed from Boguchrovo. Though the peasants paid +quitrent, Alptych thought no difficulty would be made about complying +with this order, for there were two hundred and thirty households at +work in Boguchrovo and the peasants were well to do. But on hearing the +order Dron lowered his eyes and remained silent. Alptych named certain +peasants he knew, from whom he told him to take the carts. + +Dron replied that the horses of these peasants were away carting. +Alptych named others, but they too, according to Dron, had no horses +available some horses were carting for the government, others were too +weak, and others had died for want of fodder. It seemed that no horses +could be had even for the carriages, much less for the carting. + +Alptych looked intently at Dron and frowned. Just as Dron was a model +village Elder, so Alptych had not managed the princes estates for +twenty years in vain. He was a model steward, possessing in the highest +degree the faculty of divining the needs and instincts of those he dealt +with. Having glanced at Dron he at once understood that his answers did +not express his personal views but the general mood of the Boguchrovo +commune, by which the Elder had already been carried away. But he also +knew that Dron, who had acquired property and was hated by the commune, +must be hesitating between the two camps the masters and the serfs. +He noticed this hesitation in Drons look and therefore frowned and +moved closer up to him. + +Now just listen, Drnushka, said he. Dont talk nonsense to me. His +excellency Prince Andrew himself gave me orders to move all the people +away and not leave them with the enemy, and there is an order from the +Tsar about it too. Anyone who stays is a traitor to the Tsar. Do you +hear? + +I hear, Dron answered without lifting his eyes. + +Alptych was not satisfied with this reply. + +Eh, Dron, it will turn out badly! he said, shaking his head. + +The power is in your hands, Dron rejoined sadly. + +Eh, Dron, drop it! Alptych repeated, withdrawing his hand from his +bosom and solemnly pointing to the floor at Drons feet. I can see +through you and three yards into the ground under you, he continued, +gazing at the floor in front of Dron. + +Dron was disconcerted, glanced furtively at Alptych and again lowered +his eyes. + +You drop this nonsense and tell the people to get ready to leave their +homes and go to Moscow and to get carts ready for tomorrow morning +for the princess things. And dont go to any meeting yourself, do you +hear? + +Dron suddenly fell on his knees. + +Ykov Alptych, discharge me! Take the keys from me and discharge me, +for Christs sake! + +Stop that! cried Alptych sternly. I see through you and three yards +under you, he repeated, knowing that his skill in beekeeping, his +knowledge of the right time to sow the oats, and the fact that he had +been able to retain the old princes favor for twenty years had long +since gained him the reputation of being a wizard, and that the power of +seeing three yards under a man is considered an attribute of wizards. + +Dron got up and was about to say something, but Alptych interrupted +him. + +What is it you have got into your heads, eh?... What are you thinking +of, eh? + +What am I to do with the people? said Dron. Theyre quite beside +themselves I have already told them... + +Told them, I dare say! said Alptych. Are they drinking? he asked +abruptly. + +Quite beside themselves, Ykov Alptych theyve fetched another +barrel. + +Well, then, listen! Ill go to the police officer, and you tell them +so, and that they must stop this and the carts must be got ready. + +I understand. + +Alptych did not insist further. He had managed people for a long time +and knew that the chief way to make them obey is to show no suspicion +that they can possibly disobey. Having wrung a submissive I understand +from Dron, Alptych contented himself with that, though he not only +doubted but felt almost certain that without the help of troops the +carts would not be forthcoming. + +And so it was, for when evening came no carts had been provided. In the +village, outside the drink shop, another meeting was being held, which +decided that the horses should be driven out into the woods and the +carts should not be provided. Without saying anything of this to the +princess, Alptych had his own belongings taken out of the carts which +had arrived from Bald Hills and had those horses got ready for +the princess carriages. Meanwhile he went himself to the police +authorities. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +After her fathers funeral Princess Mary shut herself up in her room and +did not admit anyone. A maid came to the door to say that Alptych was +asking for orders about their departure. (This was before his talk with +Dron.) Princess Mary raised herself on the sofa on which she had been +lying and replied through the closed door that she did not mean to go +away and begged to be left in peace. + +The windows of the room in which she was lying looked westward. She +lay on the sofa with her face to the wall, fingering the buttons of the +leather cushion and seeing nothing but that cushion, and her confused +thoughts were centered on one subjectthe irrevocability of death and +her own spiritual baseness, which she had not suspected, but which had +shown itself during her fathers illness. She wished to pray but did not +dare to, dared not in her present state of mind address herself to God. +She lay for a long time in that position. + +The sun had reached the other side of the house, and its slanting rays +shone into the open window, lighting up the room and part of the morocco +cushion at which Princess Mary was looking. The flow of her thoughts +suddenly stopped. Unconsciously she sat up, smoothed her hair, got up, +and went to the window, involuntarily inhaling the freshness of the +clear but windy evening. + +Yes, you can well enjoy the evening now! He is gone and no one will +hinder you, she said to herself, and sinking into a chair she let her +head fall on the window sill. + +Someone spoke her name in a soft and tender voice from the garden and +kissed her head. She looked up. It was Mademoiselle Bourienne in a black +dress and weepers. She softly approached Princess Mary, sighed, kissed +her, and immediately began to cry. The princess looked up at her. All +their former disharmony and her own jealousy recurred to her mind. +But she remembered too how he had changed of late toward Mademoiselle +Bourienne and could not bear to see her, thereby showing how unjust were +the reproaches Princess Mary had mentally addressed to her. Besides, +is it for me, for me who desired his death, to condemn anyone? she +thought. + +Princess Mary vividly pictured to herself the position of Mademoiselle +Bourienne, whom she had of late kept at a distance, but who yet was +dependent on her and living in her house. She felt sorry for her +and held out her hand with a glance of gentle inquiry. Mademoiselle +Bourienne at once began crying again and kissed that hand, speaking of +the princess sorrow and making herself a partner in it. She said her +only consolation was the fact that the princess allowed her to share her +sorrow, that all the old misunderstandings should sink into nothing but +this great grief that she felt herself blameless in regard to everyone, +and that he, from above, saw her affection and gratitude. The princess +heard her, not heeding her words but occasionally looking up at her and +listening to the sound of her voice. + +Your position is doubly terrible, dear princess, said Mademoiselle +Bourienne after a pause. I understand that you could not, and cannot, +think of yourself, but with my love for you I must do so.... Has +Alptych been to you? Has he spoken to you of going away? she asked. + +Princess Mary did not answer. She did not understand who was to go or +where to. Is it possible to plan or think of anything now? Is it not +all the same? she thought, and did not reply. + +You know, chre Marie, said Mademoiselle Bourienne, that we are in +dangerare surrounded by the French. It would be dangerous to move now. +If we go we are almost sure to be taken prisoners, and God knows... + +Princess Mary looked at her companion without understanding what she was +talking about. + +Oh, if anyone knew how little anything matters to me now, she said. +Of course I would on no account wish to go away from him.... Alptych +did say something about going.... Speak to him I can do nothing, +nothing, and dont want to.... + +Ive spoken to him. He hopes we should be in time to get away tomorrow, +but I think it would now be better to stay here, said Mademoiselle +Bourienne. Because, you will agree, chre Marie, to fall into the hands +of the soldiers or of riotous peasants would be terrible. + +Mademoiselle Bourienne took from her reticule a proclamation (not +printed on ordinary Russian paper) of General Rameaus, telling people +not to leave their homes and that the French authorities would afford +them proper protection. She handed this to the princess. + +I think it would be best to appeal to that general, she continued, +and I am sure that all due respect would be shown you. + +Princess Mary read the paper, and her face began to quiver with stifled +sobs. + +From whom did you get this? she asked. + +They probably recognized that I am French, by my name, replied +Mademoiselle Bourienne blushing. + +Princess Mary, with the paper in her hand, rose from the window and with +a pale face went out of the room and into what had been Prince Andrews +study. + +Dunysha, send Alptych, or Drnushka, or somebody to me! she said, +and tell Mademoiselle Bourienne not to come to me, she added, hearing +Mademoiselle Bouriennes voice. We must go at once, at once! she said, +appalled at the thought of being left in the hands of the French. + +If Prince Andrew heard that I was in the power of the French! That +I, the daughter of Prince Nicholas Bolknski, asked General Rameau for +protection and accepted his favor! This idea horrified her, made her +shudder, blush, and feel such a rush of anger and pride as she had never +experienced before. All that was distressing, and especially all that +was humiliating, in her position rose vividly to her mind. They, the +French, would settle in this house M. le Gnral Rameau would occupy +Prince Andrews study and amuse himself by looking through and reading +his letters and papers. Mademoiselle Bourienne would do the honors of +Boguchrovo for him. I should be given a small room as a favor, the +soldiers would violate my fathers newly dug grave to steal his crosses +and stars, they would tell me of their victories over the Russians, and +would pretend to sympathize with my sorrow... thought Princess Mary, +not thinking her own thoughts but feeling bound to think like her father +and her brother. For herself she did not care where she remained or what +happened to her, but she felt herself the representative of her dead +father and of Prince Andrew. Involuntarily she thought their thoughts +and felt their feelings. What they would have said and what they would +have done she felt bound to say and do. She went into Prince Andrews +study, trying to enter completely into his ideas, and considered her +position. + +The demands of life, which had seemed to her annihilated by her fathers +death, all at once rose before her with a new, previously unknown force +and took possession of her. + +Agitated and flushed she paced the room, sending now for Michael +Ivnovich and now for Tkhon or Dron. Dunysha, the nurse, and the other +maids could not say in how far Mademoiselle Bouriennes statement was +correct. Alptych was not at home, he had gone to the police. Neither +could the architect Michael Ivnovich, who on being sent for came in +with sleepy eyes, tell Princess Mary anything. With just the same smile +of agreement with which for fifteen years he had been accustomed to +answer the old prince without expressing views of his own, he now +replied to Princess Mary, so that nothing definite could be got from his +answers. The old valet Tkhon, with sunken, emaciated face that bore the +stamp of inconsolable grief, replied Yes, Princess to all Princess +Marys questions and hardly refrained from sobbing as he looked at her. + +At length Dron, the village Elder, entered the room and with a deep bow +to Princess Mary came to a halt by the doorpost. + +Princess Mary walked up and down the room and stopped in front of him. + +Drnushka, she said, regarding as a sure friend this Drnushka who +always used to bring a special kind of gingerbread from his visit to the +fair at Vyzma every year and smilingly offer it to her, Drnushka, now +since our misfortune... she began, but could not go on. + +We are all in Gods hands, said he, with a sigh. + +They were silent for a while. + +Drnushka, Alptych has gone off somewhere and I have no one to turn +to. Is it true, as they tell me, that I cant even go away? + +Why shouldnt you go away, your excellency? You can go, said Dron. + +I was told it would be dangerous because of the enemy. Dear friend, I +can do nothing. I understand nothing. I have nobody! I want to go away +tonight or early tomorrow morning. + +Dron paused. He looked askance at Princess Mary and said There are no +horses I told Ykov Alptych so. + +Why are there none? asked the princess. + +Its all Gods scourge, said Dron. What horses we had have been +taken for the army or have diedthis is such a year! Its not a case of +feeding horseswe may die of hunger ourselves! As it is, some go three +days without eating. Weve nothing, weve been ruined. + +Princess Mary listened attentively to what he told her. + +The peasants are ruined? They have no bread? she asked. + +Theyre dying of hunger, said Dron. Its not a case of carting. + +But why didnt you tell me, Drnushka? Isnt it possible to help them? +Ill do all I can.... + +To Princess Mary it was strange that now, at a moment when such sorrow +was filling her soul, there could be rich people and poor, and the rich +could refrain from helping the poor. She had heard vaguely that there +was such a thing as landlords corn which was sometimes given to the +peasants. She also knew that neither her father nor her brother would +refuse to help the peasants in need, she only feared to make some +mistake in speaking about the distribution of the grain she wished to +give. She was glad such cares presented themselves, enabling her +without scruple to forget her own grief. She began asking Dron about the +peasants needs and what there was in Boguchrovo that belonged to the +landlord. + +But we have grain belonging to my brother? she said. + +The landlords grain is all safe, replied Dron proudly. Our prince +did not order it to be sold. + +Give it to the peasants, let them have all they need I give you leave +in my brothers name, said she. + +Dron made no answer but sighed deeply. + +Give them that corn if there is enough of it. Distribute it all. I +give this order in my brothers name and tell them that what is ours is +theirs. We do not grudge them anything. Tell them so. + +Dron looked intently at the princess while she was speaking. + +Discharge me, little mother, for Gods sake! Order the keys to be taken +from me, said he. I have served twenty-three years and have done no +wrong. Discharge me, for Gods sake! + +Princess Mary did not understand what he wanted of her or why he was +asking to be discharged. She replied that she had never doubted his +devotion and that she was ready to do anything for him and for the +peasants. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +An hour later Dunysha came to tell the princess that Dron had come, and +all the peasants had assembled at the barn by the princess order and +wished to have word with their mistress. + +But I never told them to come, said Princess Mary. I only told Dron +to let them have the grain. + +Only, for Gods sake, Princess dear, have them sent away and dont go +out to them. Its all a trick, said Dunysha, and when Ykov Alptych +returns let us get away... and please dont... + +What is a trick? asked Princess Mary in surprise. + +I know it is, only listen to me for Gods sake! Ask nurse too. They say +they dont agree to leave Boguchrovo as you ordered. + +Youre making some mistake. I never ordered them to go away, said +Princess Mary. Call Drnushka. + +Dron came and confirmed Dunyshas words the peasants had come by the +princess order. + +But I never sent for them, declared the princess. You must have given +my message wrong. I only said that you were to give them the grain. + +Dron only sighed in reply. + +If you order it they will go away, said he. + +No, no. Ill go out to them, said Princess Mary, and in spite of +the nurses and Dunyshas protests she went out into the porch Dron, +Dunysha, the nurse, and Michael Ivnovich following her. + +They probably think I am offering them the grain to bribe them to +remain here, while I myself go away leaving them to the mercy of the +French, thought Princess Mary. I will offer them monthly rations and +housing at our Moscow estate. I am sure Andrew would do even more in +my place, she thought as she went out in the twilight toward the crowd +standing on the pasture by the barn. + +The men crowded closer together, stirred, and rapidly took off their +hats. Princess Mary lowered her eyes and, tripping over her skirt, came +close up to them. So many different eyes, old and young, were fixed +on her, and there were so many different faces, that she could not +distinguish any of them and, feeling that she must speak to them all +at once, did not know how to do it. But again the sense that she +represented her father and her brother gave her courage, and she boldly +began her speech. + +I am very glad you have come, she said without raising her eyes, and +feeling her heart beating quickly and violently. Drnushka tells me +that the war has ruined you. That is our common misfortune, and I +shall grudge nothing to help you. I am myself going away because it +is dangerous here... the enemy is near... because... I am giving you +everything, my friends, and I beg you to take everything, all our grain, +so that you may not suffer want! And if you have been told that I am +giving you the grain to keep you herethat is not true. On the contrary, +I ask you to go with all your belongings to our estate near Moscow, and +I promise you I will see to it that there you shall want for nothing. +You shall be given food and lodging. + +The princess stopped. Sighs were the only sound heard in the crowd. + +I am not doing this on my own account, she continued, I do it in the +name of my dead father, who was a good master to you, and of my brother +and his son. + +Again she paused. No one broke the silence. + +Ours is a common misfortune and we will share it together. All that is +mine is yours, she concluded, scanning the faces before her. + +All eyes were gazing at her with one and the same expression. She +could not fathom whether it was curiosity, devotion, gratitude, or +apprehension and distrustbut the expression on all the faces was +identical. + +We are all very thankful for your bounty, but it wont do for us to +take the landlords grain, said a voice at the back of the crowd. + +But why not? asked the princess. + +No one replied and Princess Mary, looking round at the crowd, found that +every eye she met now was immediately dropped. + +But why dont you want to take it? she asked again. + +No one answered. + +The silence began to oppress the princess and she tried to catch +someones eye. + +Why dont you speak? she inquired of a very old man who stood just +in front of her leaning on his stick. If you think something more is +wanted, tell me! I will do anything, said she, catching his eye. + +But as if this angered him, he bent his head quite low and muttered + +Why should we agree? We dont want the grain. + +Why should we give up everything? We dont agree. Dont agree.... We +are sorry for you, but were not willing. Go away yourself, alone... +came from various sides of the crowd. + +And again all the faces in that crowd bore an identical expression, +though now it was certainly not an expression of curiosity or gratitude, +but of angry resolve. + +But you cant have understood me, said Princess Mary with a sad smile. +Why dont you want to go? I promise to house and feed you, while here +the enemy would ruin you.... + +But her voice was drowned by the voices of the crowd. + +Were not willing. Let them ruin us! We wont take your grain. We dont +agree. + +Again Princess Mary tried to catch someones eye, but not a single eye +in the crowd was turned to her evidently they were all trying to avoid +her look. She felt strange and awkward. + +Oh yes, an artful tale! Follow her into slavery! Pull down your houses +and go into bondage! I dare say! Ill give you grain, indeed! she +says, voices in the crowd were heard saying. + +With drooping head Princess Mary left the crowd and went back to the +house. Having repeated her order to Dron to have horses ready for her +departure next morning, she went to her room and remained alone with her +own thoughts. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +For a long time that night Princess Mary sat by the open window of her +room hearing the sound of the peasants voices that reached her from +the village, but it was not of them she was thinking. She felt that she +could not understand them however much she might think about them. She +thought only of one thing, her sorrow, which, after the break caused +by cares for the present, seemed already to belong to the past. Now she +could remember it and weep or pray. + +After sunset the wind had dropped. The night was calm and fresh. Toward +midnight the voices began to subside, a cock crowed, the full moon began +to show from behind the lime trees, a fresh white dewy mist began to +rise, and stillness reigned over the village and the house. + +Pictures of the near pasther fathers illness and last momentsrose +one after another to her memory. With mournful pleasure she now lingered +over these images, repelling with horror only the last one, the +picture of his death, which she felt she could not contemplate even in +imagination at this still and mystic hour of night. And these pictures +presented themselves to her so clearly and in such detail that they +seemed now present, now past, and now future. + +She vividly recalled the moment when he had his first stroke and was +being dragged along by his armpits through the garden at Bald Hills, +muttering something with his helpless tongue, twitching his gray +eyebrows and looking uneasily and timidly at her. + +Even then he wanted to tell me what he told me the day he died, she +thought. He had always thought what he said then. And she recalled in +all its detail the night at Bald Hills before he had the last stroke, +when with a foreboding of disaster she had remained at home against his +will. She had not slept and had stolen downstairs on tiptoe, and going +to the door of the conservatory where he slept that night had listened +at the door. In a suffering and weary voice he was saying something to +Tkhon, speaking of the Crimea and its warm nights and of the Empress. +Evidently he had wanted to talk. And why didnt he call me? Why didnt +he let me be there instead of Tkhon? Princess Mary had thought and +thought again now. Now he will never tell anyone what he had in his +soul. Never will that moment return for him or for me when he might have +said all he longed to say, and not Tkhon but I might have heard and +understood him. Why didnt I enter the room? she thought. Perhaps he +would then have said to me what he said the day he died. While talking +to Tkhon he asked about me twice. He wanted to see me, and I was +standing close by, outside the door. It was sad and painful for him +to talk to Tkhon who did not understand him. I remember how he began +speaking to him about Lise as if she were alivehe had forgotten she +was deadand Tkhon reminded him that she was no more, and he shouted, +Fool! He was greatly depressed. From behind the door I heard how he +lay down on his bed groaning and loudly exclaimed, My God! Why didnt +I go in then? What could he have done to me? What could I have lost? And +perhaps he would then have been comforted and would have said that word +to me. And Princess Mary uttered aloud the caressing word he had said +to her on the day of his death. Dear-est! she repeated, and began +sobbing, with tears that relieved her soul. She now saw his face before +her. And not the face she had known ever since she could remember and +had always seen at a distance, but the timid, feeble face she had seen +for the first time quite closely, with all its wrinkles and details, +when she stooped near to his mouth to catch what he said. + +Dear-est! she repeated again. + +What was he thinking when he uttered that word? What is he thinking +now? This question suddenly presented itself to her, and in answer she +saw him before her with the expression that was on his face as he lay +in his coffin with his chin bound up with a white handkerchief. And the +horror that had seized her when she touched him and convinced herself +that that was not he, but something mysterious and horrible, seized her +again. She tried to think of something else and to pray, but could do +neither. With wide-open eyes she gazed at the moonlight and the shadows, +expecting every moment to see his dead face, and she felt that the +silence brooding over the house and within it held her fast. + +Dunysha, she whispered. Dunysha! she screamed wildly, and tearing +herself out of this silence she ran to the servants quarters to meet +her old nurse and the maidservants who came running toward her. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +On the seventeenth of August Rostv and Ilyn, accompanied by Lavrshka +who had just returned from captivity and by an hussar orderly, left +their quarters at Yankvo, ten miles from Boguchrovo, and went for a +rideto try a new horse Ilyn had bought and to find out whether there +was any hay to be had in the villages. + +For the last three days Boguchrovo had lain between the two hostile +armies, so that it was as easy for the Russian rearguard to get to it as +for the French vanguard Rostv, as a careful squadron commander, wished +to take such provisions as remained at Boguchrovo before the French +could get them. + +Rostv and Ilyn were in the merriest of moods. On the way to +Boguchrovo, a princely estate with a dwelling house and farm where +they hoped to find many domestic serfs and pretty girls, they questioned +Lavrshka about Napoleon and laughed at his stories, and raced one +another to try Ilyns horse. + +Rostv had no idea that the village he was entering was the property of +that very Bolknski who had been engaged to his sister. + +Rostv and Ilyn gave rein to their horses for a last race along the +incline before reaching Boguchrovo, and Rostv, outstripping Ilyn, was +the first to gallop into the village street. + +Youre first! cried Ilyn, flushed. + +Yes, always first both on the grassland and here, answered Rostv, +stroking his heated Donts horse. + +And Id have won on my Frenchy, your excellency, said Lavrshka +from behind, alluding to his shabby cart horse, only I didnt wish to +mortify you. + +They rode at a footpace to the barn, where a large crowd of peasants was +standing. + +Some of the men bared their heads, others stared at the new arrivals +without doffing their caps. Two tall old peasants with wrinkled faces +and scanty beards emerged from the tavern, smiling, staggering, and +singing some incoherent song, and approached the officers. + +Fine fellows! said Rostv laughing. Is there any hay here? + +And how like one another, said Ilyn. + +A mo-o-st me-r-r-y co-o-m-pa...! sang one of the peasants with a +blissful smile. + +One of the men came out of the crowd and went up to Rostv. + +Who do you belong to? he asked. + +The French, replied Ilyn jestingly, and here is Napoleon +himselfand he pointed to Lavrshka. + +Then you are Russians? the peasant asked again. + +And is there a large force of you here? said another, a short man, +coming up. + +Very large, answered Rostv. But why have you collected here? he +added. Is it a holiday? + +The old men have met to talk over the business of the commune, replied +the peasant, moving away. + +At that moment, on the road leading from the big house, two women and a +man in a white hat were seen coming toward the officers. + +The one in pink is mine, so keep off! said Ilyn on seeing Dunysha +running resolutely toward him. + +Shell be ours! said Lavrshka to Ilyn, winking. + +What do you want, my pretty? said Ilyn with a smile. + +The princess ordered me to ask your regiment and your name. + +This is Count Rostv, squadron commander, and I am your humble +servant. + +Co-o-om-pa-ny! roared the tipsy peasant with a beatific smile as +he looked at Ilyn talking to the girl. Following Dunysha, Alptych +advanced to Rostv, having bared his head while still at a distance. + +May I make bold to trouble your honor? said he respectfully, but with +a shade of contempt for the youthfulness of this officer and with a hand +thrust into his bosom. My mistress, daughter of General in Chief Prince +Nicholas Bolknski who died on the fifteenth of this month, finding +herself in difficulties owing to the boorishness of these peoplehe +pointed to the peasantsasks you to come up to the house.... Wont +you, please, ride on a little farther, said Alptych with a melancholy +smile, as it is not convenient in the presence of...? He pointed to +the two peasants who kept as close to him as horseflies to a horse. + +Ah!... Alptych... Ah, Ykov Alptych... Grand! Forgive us for Christs +sake, eh? said the peasants, smiling joyfully at him. + +Rostv looked at the tipsy peasants and smiled. + +Or perhaps they amuse your honor? remarked Alptych with a staid air, +as he pointed at the old men with his free hand. + +No, theres not much to be amused at here, said Rostv, and rode on a +little way. Whats the matter? he asked. + +I make bold to inform your honor that the rude peasants here dont +wish to let the mistress leave the estate, and threaten to unharness her +horses, so that though everything has been packed up since morning, her +excellency cannot get away. + +Impossible! exclaimed Rostv. + +I have the honor to report to you the actual truth, said Alptych. + +Rostv dismounted, gave his horse to the orderly, and followed Alptych +to the house, questioning him as to the state of affairs. It appeared +that the princess offer of corn to the peasants the previous day, and +her talk with Dron and at the meeting, had actually had so bad an effect +that Dron had finally given up the keys and joined the peasants and had +not appeared when Alptych sent for him and that in the morning when +the princess gave orders to harness for her journey, the peasants had +come in a large crowd to the barn and sent word that they would not let +her leave the village that there was an order not to move, and that +they would unharness the horses. Alptych had gone out to admonish them, +but was told (it was chiefly Karp who did the talking, Dron not showing +himself in the crowd) that they could not let the princess go, that +there was an order to the contrary, but that if she stayed they would +serve her as before and obey her in everything. + +At the moment when Rostv and Ilyn were galloping along the road, +Princess Mary, despite the dissuasions of Alptych, her nurse, and the +maids, had given orders to harness and intended to start, but when the +cavalrymen were espied they were taken for Frenchmen, the coachman ran +away, and the women in the house began to wail. + +Father! Benefactor! God has sent you! exclaimed deeply moved voices as +Rostv passed through the anteroom. + +Princess Mary was sitting helpless and bewildered in the large sitting +room, when Rostv was shown in. She could not grasp who he was and why +he had come, or what was happening to her. When she saw his Russian +face, and by his walk and the first words he uttered recognized him as a +man of her own class, she glanced at him with her deep radiant look and +began speaking in a voice that faltered and trembled with emotion. This +meeting immediately struck Rostv as a romantic event. A helpless girl +overwhelmed with grief, left to the mercy of coarse, rioting peasants! +And what a strange fate sent me here! What gentleness and nobility there +are in her features and expression! thought he as he looked at her and +listened to her timid story. + +When she began to tell him that all this had happened the day after her +fathers funeral, her voice trembled. She turned away, and then, as if +fearing he might take her words as meant to move him to pity, looked at +him with an apprehensive glance of inquiry. There were tears in Rostvs +eyes. Princess Mary noticed this and glanced gratefully at him with that +radiant look which caused the plainness of her face to be forgotten. + +I cannot express, Princess, how glad I am that I happened to ride here +and am able to show my readiness to serve you, said Rostv, rising. Go +when you please, and I give you my word of honor that no one shall dare +to cause you annoyance if only you will allow me to act as your escort. +And bowing respectfully, as if to a lady of royal blood, he moved toward +the door. + +Rostvs deferential tone seemed to indicate that though he would +consider himself happy to be acquainted with her, he did not wish to +take advantage of her misfortunes to intrude upon her. + +Princess Mary understood this and appreciated his delicacy. + +I am very, very grateful to you, she said in French, but I hope it +was all a misunderstanding and that no one is to blame for it. She +suddenly began to cry. + +Excuse me! she said. + +Rostv, knitting his brows, left the room with another low bow. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Well, is she pretty? Ah, friendmy pink one is delicious her name is +Dunysha.... + +But on glancing at Rostvs face Ilyn stopped short. He saw that his +hero and commander was following quite a different train of thought. + +Rostv glanced angrily at Ilyn and without replying strode off with +rapid steps to the village. + +Ill show them Ill give it to them, the brigands! said he to +himself. + +Alptych at a gliding trot, only just managing not to run, kept up with +him with difficulty. + +What decision have you been pleased to come to? said he. + +Rostv stopped and, clenching his fists, suddenly and sternly turned on +Alptych. + +Decision? What decision? Old dotard!... cried he. What have you been +about? Eh? The peasants are rioting, and you cant manage them? Youre +a traitor yourself! I know you. Ill flay you all alive!... And as if +afraid of wasting his store of anger, he left Alptych and went rapidly +forward. Alptych, mastering his offended feelings, kept pace with +Rostv at a gliding gait and continued to impart his views. He said +the peasants were obdurate and that at the present moment it would be +imprudent to overresist them without an armed force, and would it not +be better first to send for the military? + +Ill give them armed force... Ill overresist them! uttered Rostv +meaninglessly, breathless with irrational animal fury and the need to +vent it. + +Without considering what he would do he moved unconciously with quick, +resolute steps toward the crowd. And the nearer he drew to it the more +Alptych felt that this unreasonable action might produce good results. +The peasants in the crowd were similarly impressed when they saw +Rostvs rapid, firm steps and resolute, frowning face. + +After the hussars had come to the village and Rostv had gone to see the +princess, a certain confusion and dissension had arisen among the crowd. +Some of the peasants said that these new arrivals were Russians and +might take it amiss that the mistress was being detained. Dron was of +this opinion, but as soon as he expressed it Karp and others attacked +their ex-Elder. + +How many years have you been fattening on the commune? Karp shouted at +him. Its all one to you! Youll dig up your pot of money and take +it away with you.... What does it matter to you whether our homes are +ruined or not? + +Weve been told to keep order, and that no one is to leave their homes +or take away a single grain, and thats all about it! cried another. + +It was your sons turn to be conscripted, but no fear! You begrudged +your lump of a son, a little old man suddenly began attacking Dronand +so they took my Vnka to be shaved for a soldier! But we all have to +die. + +To be sure, we all have to die. Im not against the commune, said +Dron. + +Thats itnot against it! Youve filled your belly.... + +The two tall peasants had their say. As soon as Rostv, followed by +Ilyn, Lavrshka, and Alptych, came up to the crowd, Karp, thrusting +his fingers into his belt and smiling a little, walked to the front. +Dron on the contrary retired to the rear and the crowd drew closer +together. + +Who is your Elder here? Hey? shouted Rostv, coming up to the crowd +with quick steps. + +The Elder? What do you want with him?... asked Karp. + +But before the words were well out of his mouth, his cap flew off and a +fierce blow jerked his head to one side. + +Caps off, traitors! shouted Rostv in a wrathful voice. Wheres the +Elder? he cried furiously. + +The Elder.... He wants the Elder!... Dron Zakhrych, you! meek and +flustered voices here and there were heard calling and caps began to +come off their heads. + +We dont riot, were following the orders, declared Karp, and at that +moment several voices began speaking together. + +Its as the old men have decidedtheres too many of you giving +orders. + +Arguing? Mutiny!... Brigands! Traitors! cried Rostv unmeaningly in a +voice not his own, gripping Karp by the collar. Bind him, bind him! he +shouted, though there was no one to bind him but Lavrshka and Alptych. + +Lavrshka, however, ran up to Karp and seized him by the arms from +behind. + +Shall I call up our men from beyond the hill? he called out. + +Alptych turned to the peasants and ordered two of them by name to come +and bind Karp. The men obediently came out of the crowd and began taking +off their belts. + +Wheres the Elder? demanded Rostv in a loud voice. + +With a pale and frowning face Dron stepped out of the crowd. + +Are you the Elder? Bind him, Lavrshka! shouted Rostv, as if that +order, too, could not possibly meet with any opposition. + +And in fact two more peasants began binding Dron, who took off his own +belt and handed it to them, as if to aid them. + +And you all listen to me! said Rostv to the peasants. Be off to your +houses at once, and dont let one of your voices be heard! + +Why, weve not done any harm! We did it just out of foolishness. Its +all nonsense.... I said then that it was not in order, voices were +heard bickering with one another. + +There! What did I say? said Alptych, coming into his own again. Its +wrong, lads! + +All our stupidity, Ykov Alptych, came the answers, and the crowd +began at once to disperse through the village. + +The two bound men were led off to the masters house. The two drunken +peasants followed them. + +Aye, when I look at you!... said one of them to Karp. + +How can one talk to the masters like that? What were you thinking of, +you fool? added the otherA real fool! + +Two hours later the carts were standing in the courtyard of the +Boguchrovo house. The peasants were briskly carrying out the +proprietors goods and packing them on the carts, and Dron, liberated at +Princess Marys wish from the cupboard where he had been confined, was +standing in the yard directing the men. + +Dont put it in so carelessly, said one of the peasants, a man with a +round smiling face, taking a casket from a housemaid. You know it has +cost money! How can you chuck it in like that or shove it under the cord +where itll get rubbed? I dont like that way of doing things. Let it +all be done properly, according to rule. Look here, put it under the +bast matting and cover it with haythats the way! + +Eh, books, books! said another peasant, bringing out Prince Andrews +library cupboards. Dont catch up against it! Its heavy, ladssolid +books. + +Yes, they worked all day and didnt play! remarked the tall, +round-faced peasant gravely, pointing with a significant wink at the +dictionaries that were on the top. + + +Unwilling to obtrude himself on the princess, Rostv did not go back to +the house but remained in the village awaiting her departure. When her +carriage drove out of the house, he mounted and accompanied her eight +miles from Boguchrovo to where the road was occupied by our troops. At +the inn at Yankvo he respectfully took leave of her, for the first time +permitting himself to kiss her hand. + +How can you speak so! he blushingly replied to Princess Marys +expressions of gratitude for her deliverance, as she termed what had +occurred. Any police officer would have done as much! If we had had +only peasants to fight, we should not have let the enemy come so far, +said he with a sense of shame and wishing to change the subject. I +am only happy to have had the opportunity of making your acquaintance. +Good-by, Princess. I wish you happiness and consolation and hope to meet +you again in happier circumstances. If you dont want to make me blush, +please dont thank me! + +But the princess, if she did not again thank him in words, thanked +him with the whole expression of her face, radiant with gratitude and +tenderness. She could not believe that there was nothing to thank him +for. On the contrary, it seemed to her certain that had he not been +there she would have perished at the hands of the mutineers and of the +French, and that he had exposed himself to terrible and obvious danger +to save her, and even more certain was it that he was a man of lofty and +noble soul, able to understand her position and her sorrow. His kind, +honest eyes, with the tears rising in them when she herself had begun to +cry as she spoke of her loss, did not leave her memory. + +When she had taken leave of him and remained alone she suddenly felt +her eyes filling with tears, and then not for the first time the strange +question presented itself to her did she love him? + +On the rest of the way to Moscow, though the princess position was not +a cheerful one, Dunysha, who went with her in the carriage, more than +once noticed that her mistress leaned out of the window and smiled at +something with an expression of mingled joy and sorrow. + +Well, supposing I do love him? thought Princess Mary. + +Ashamed as she was of acknowledging to herself that she had fallen in +love with a man who would perhaps never love her, she comforted herself +with the thought that no one would ever know it and that she would not +be to blame if, without ever speaking of it to anyone, she continued to +the end of her life to love the man with whom she had fallen in love for +the first and last time in her life. + +Sometimes when she recalled his looks, his sympathy, and his words, +happiness did not appear impossible to her. It was at those moments that +Dunysha noticed her smiling as she looked out of the carriage window. + +Was it not fate that brought him to Boguchrovo, and at that very +moment? thought Princess Mary. And that caused his sister to refuse my +brother? And in all this Princess Mary saw the hand of Providence. + +The impression the princess made on Rostv was a very agreeable one. To +remember her gave him pleasure, and when his comrades, hearing of his +adventure at Boguchrovo, rallied him on having gone to look for hay +and having picked up one of the wealthiest heiresses in Russia, he grew +angry. It made him angry just because the idea of marrying the gentle +Princess Mary, who was attractive to him and had an enormous fortune, +had against his will more than once entered his head. For himself +personally Nicholas could not wish for a better wife by marrying her +he would make the countess his mother happy, would be able to put his +fathers affairs in order, and would evenhe felt itensure Princess +Marys happiness. + +But Snya? And his plighted word? That was why Rostv grew angry when he +was rallied about Princess Bolknskaya. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +On receiving command of the armies Kutzov remembered Prince Andrew and +sent an order for him to report at headquarters. + +Prince Andrew arrived at Tsrevo-Zaymshche on the very day and at the +very hour that Kutzov was reviewing the troops for the first time. He +stopped in the village at the priests house in front of which stood the +commander in chiefs carriage, and he sat down on the bench at the gate +awaiting his Serene Highness, as everyone now called Kutzov. From the +field beyond the village came now sounds of regimental music and now the +roar of many voices shouting Hurrah! to the new commander in chief. +Two orderlies, a courier and a major-domo, stood near by, some ten paces +from Prince Andrew, availing themselves of Kutzovs absence and of the +fine weather. A short, swarthy lieutenant colonel of hussars with thick +mustaches and whiskers rode up to the gate and, glancing at Prince +Andrew, inquired whether his Serene Highness was putting up there and +whether he would soon be back. + +Prince Andrew replied that he was not on his Serene Highness staff +but was himself a new arrival. The lieutenant colonel turned to a smart +orderly, who, with the peculiar contempt with which a commander in +chiefs orderly speaks to officers, replied + +What? His Serene Highness? I expect hell be here soon. What do you +want? + +The lieutenant colonel of hussars smiled beneath his mustache at the +orderlys tone, dismounted, gave his horse to a dispatch runner, and +approached Bolknski with a slight bow. Bolknski made room for him on +the bench and the lieutenant colonel sat down beside him. + +Youre also waiting for the commander in chief? said he. They say he +weceives evewyone, thank God!... Its awful with those sausage eaters! +Ermlov had weason to ask to be pwomoted to be a German! Now pwaps +Wussians will get a look in. As it was, devil only knows what was +happening. We kept wetweating and wetweating. Did you take part in the +campaign? he asked. + +I had the pleasure, replied Prince Andrew, not only of taking part in +the retreat but of losing in that retreat all I held dearnot to mention +the estate and home of my birthmy father, who died of grief. I belong +to the province of Smolnsk. + +Ah? Youre Pwince Bolknski? Vewy glad to make your acquaintance! Im +Lieutenant Colonel Densov, better known as Vska, said Densov, +pressing Prince Andrews hand and looking into his face with a +particularly kindly attention. Yes, I heard, said he sympathetically, +and after a short pause added Yes, its Scythian warfare. Its all +vewy wellonly not for those who get it in the neck. So you are Pwince +Andwew Bolknski? He swayed his head. Vewy pleased, Pwince, to make +your acquaintance! he repeated again, smiling sadly, and he again +pressed Prince Andrews hand. + +Prince Andrew knew Densov from what Natsha had told him of her first +suitor. This memory carried him sadly and sweetly back to those painful +feelings of which he had not thought lately, but which still found +place in his soul. Of late he had received so many new and very serious +impressionssuch as the retreat from Smolnsk, his visit to Bald Hills, +and the recent news of his fathers deathand had experienced so many +emotions, that for a long time past those memories had not entered his +mind, and now that they did, they did not act on him with nearly their +former strength. For Densov, too, the memories awakened by the name of +Bolknski belonged to a distant, romantic past, when after supper and +after Natshas singing he had proposed to a little girl of fifteen +without realizing what he was doing. He smiled at the recollection of +that time and of his love for Natsha, and passed at once to what now +interested him passionately and exclusively. This was a plan of campaign +he had devised while serving at the outposts during the retreat. He had +proposed that plan to Barclay de Tolly and now wished to propose it +to Kutzov. The plan was based on the fact that the French line +of operation was too extended, and it proposed that instead of, or +concurrently with, action on the front to bar the advance of the French, +we should attack their line of communication. He began explaining his +plan to Prince Andrew. + +They cant hold all that line. Its impossible. I will undertake to +bweak thwough. Give me five hundwed men and I will bweak the line, +thats certain! Theres only one wayguewilla warfare! + +Densov rose and began gesticulating as he explained his plan to +Bolknski. In the midst of his explanation shouts were heard from the +army, growing more incoherent and more diffused, mingling with music +and songs and coming from the field where the review was held. Sounds of +hoofs and shouts were nearing the village. + +Hes coming! Hes coming! shouted a Cossack standing at the gate. + +Bolknski and Densov moved to the gate, at which a knot of soldiers +(a guard of honor) was standing, and they saw Kutzov coming down the +street mounted on a rather small sorrel horse. A huge suite of generals +rode behind him. Barclay was riding almost beside him, and a crowd of +officers ran after and around them shouting, Hurrah! + +His adjutants galloped into the yard before him. Kutzov was impatiently +urging on his horse, which ambled smoothly under his weight, and he +raised his hand to his white Horse Guards cap with a red band and no +peak, nodding his head continually. When he came up to the guard of +honor, a fine set of Grenadiers mostly wearing decorations, who were +giving him the salute, he looked at them silently and attentively for +nearly a minute with the steady gaze of a commander and then turned to +the crowd of generals and officers surrounding him. Suddenly his face +assumed a subtle expression, he shrugged his shoulders with an air of +perplexity. + +And with such fine fellows to retreat and retreat! Well, good-by, +General, he added, and rode into the yard past Prince Andrew and +Densov. + +Hurrah! hurrah! hurrah! shouted those behind him. + +Since Prince Andrew had last seen him Kutzov had grown still more +corpulent, flaccid, and fat. But the bleached eyeball, the scar, and the +familiar weariness of his expression were still the same. He was wearing +the white Horse Guards cap and a military overcoat with a whip hanging +over his shoulder by a thin strap. He sat heavily and swayed limply on +his brisk little horse. + +Whew... whew... whew! he whistled just audibly as he rode into the +yard. His face expressed the relief of relaxed strain felt by a man who +means to rest after a ceremony. He drew his left foot out of the stirrup +and, lurching with his whole body and puckering his face with the +effort, raised it with difficulty onto the saddle, leaned on his knee, +groaned, and slipped down into the arms of the Cossacks and adjutants +who stood ready to assist him. + +He pulled himself together, looked round, screwing up his eyes, glanced +at Prince Andrew, and, evidently not recognizing him, moved with his +waddling gait to the porch. Whew... whew... whew! he whistled, and +again glanced at Prince Andrew. As often occurs with old men, it was +only after some seconds that the impression produced by Prince Andrews +face linked itself up with Kutzovs remembrance of his personality. + +Ah, how do you do, my dear prince? How do you do, my dear boy? Come +along... said he, glancing wearily round, and he stepped onto the porch +which creaked under his weight. + +He unbuttoned his coat and sat down on a bench in the porch. + +And hows your father? + +I received news of his death, yesterday, replied Prince Andrew +abruptly. + +Kutzov looked at him with eyes wide open with dismay and then took off +his cap and crossed himself + +May the kingdom of Heaven be his! Gods will be done to us all! He +sighed deeply, his whole chest heaving, and was silent for a while. I +loved him and respected him, and sympathize with you with all my heart. + +He embraced Prince Andrew, pressing him to his fat breast, and for some +time did not let him go. When he released him Prince Andrew saw that +Kutzovs flabby lips were trembling and that tears were in his eyes. He +sighed and pressed on the bench with both hands to raise himself. + +Come! Come with me, well have a talk, said he. + +But at that moment Densov, no more intimidated by his superiors than by +the enemy, came with jingling spurs up the steps of the porch, despite +the angry whispers of the adjutants who tried to stop him. Kutzov, his +hands still pressed on the seat, glanced at him glumly. Densov, having +given his name, announced that he had to communicate to his Serene +Highness a matter of great importance for their countrys welfare. +Kutzov looked wearily at him and, lifting his hands with a gesture of +annoyance, folded them across his stomach, repeating the words For our +countrys welfare? Well, what is it? Speak! Densov blushed like a +girl (it was strange to see the color rise in that shaggy, bibulous, +time-worn face) and boldly began to expound his plan of cutting the +enemys lines of communication between Smolnsk and Vyzma. Densov came +from those parts and knew the country well. His plan seemed decidedly +a good one, especially from the strength of conviction with which he +spoke. Kutzov looked down at his own legs, occasionally glancing at the +door of the adjoining hut as if expecting something unpleasant to emerge +from it. And from that hut, while Densov was speaking, a general with a +portfolio under his arm really did appear. + +What? said Kutzov, in the midst of Densovs explanations, are you +ready so soon? + +Ready, your Serene Highness, replied the general. + +Kutzov swayed his head, as much as to say How is one man to deal with +it all? and again listened to Densov. + +I give my word of honor as a Wussian officer, said Densov, that I +can bweak Napoleons line of communication! + +What relation are you to Intendant General Kirl Andrevich Densov? +asked Kutzov, interrupting him. + +He is my uncle, your Sewene Highness. + +Ah, we were friends, said Kutzov cheerfully. All right, all right, +friend, stay here at the staff and tomorrow well have a talk. + +With a nod to Densov he turned away and put out his hand for the papers +Konovntsyn had brought him. + +Would not your Serene Highness like to come inside? said the general +on duty in a discontented voice, the plans must be examined and several +papers have to be signed. + +An adjutant came out and announced that everything was in readiness +within. But Kutzov evidently did not wish to enter that room till he +was disengaged. He made a grimace.... + +No, tell them to bring a small table out here, my dear boy. Ill look +at them here, said he. Dont go away, he added, turning to Prince +Andrew, who remained in the porch and listened to the generals report. + +While this was being given, Prince Andrew heard the whisper of a womans +voice and the rustle of a silk dress behind the door. Several times on +glancing that way he noticed behind that door a plump, rosy, handsome +woman in a pink dress with a lilac silk kerchief on her head, holding +a dish and evidently awaiting the entrance of the commander in chief. +Kutzovs adjutant whispered to Prince Andrew that this was the wife of +the priest whose home it was, and that she intended to offer his Serene +Highness bread and salt. Her husband has welcomed his Serene Highness +with the cross at the church, and she intends to welcome him in the +house.... Shes very pretty, added the adjutant with a smile. At +those words Kutzov looked round. He was listening to the generals +reportwhich consisted chiefly of a criticism of the position at +Tsrevo-Zaymshcheas he had listened to Densov, and seven years +previously had listened to the discussion at the Austerlitz council of +war. He evidently listened only because he had ears which, though there +was a piece of tow in one of them, could not help hearing but it +was evident that nothing the general could say would surprise or even +interest him, that he knew all that would be said beforehand, and heard +it all only because he had to, as one has to listen to the chanting of +a service of prayer. All that Densov had said was clever and to the +point. What the general was saying was even more clever and to +the point, but it was evident that Kutzov despised knowledge +and cleverness, and knew of something else that would decide the +mattersomething independent of cleverness and knowledge. Prince +Andrew watched the commander in chiefs face attentively, and the only +expression he could see there was one of boredom, curiosity as to the +meaning of the feminine whispering behind the door, and a desire to +observe propriety. It was evident that Kutzov despised cleverness and +learning and even the patriotic feeling shown by Densov, but despised +them not because of his own intellect, feelings, or knowledgehe did not +try to display any of thesebut because of something else. He despised +them because of his old age and experience of life. The only instruction +Kutzov gave of his own accord during that report referred to looting by +the Russian troops. At the end of the report the general put before +him for signature a paper relating to the recovery of payment from army +commanders for green oats mown down by the soldiers, when landowners +lodged petitions for compensation. + +After hearing the matter, Kutzov smacked his lips together and shook +his head. + +Into the stove... into the fire with it! I tell you once for all, my +dear fellow, said he, into the fire with all such things! Let them cut +the crops and burn wood to their hearts content. I dont order it +or allow it, but I dont exact compensation either. One cant get on +without it. When wood is chopped the chips will fly. He looked at the +paper again. Oh, this German precision! he muttered, shaking his head. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Well, thats all! said Kutzov as he signed the last of the documents, +and rising heavily and smoothing out the folds in his fat white neck he +moved toward the door with a more cheerful expression. + +The priests wife, flushing rosy red, caught up the dish she had after +all not managed to present at the right moment, though she had so long +been preparing for it, and with a low bow offered it to Kutzov. + +He screwed up his eyes, smiled, lifted her chin with his hand, and said + +Ah, what a beauty! Thank you, sweetheart! + +He took some gold pieces from his trouser pocket and put them on the +dish for her. Well, my dear, and how are we getting on? he asked, +moving to the door of the room assigned to him. The priests wife +smiled, and with dimples in her rosy cheeks followed him into the room. +The adjutant came out to the porch and asked Prince Andrew to lunch with +him. Half an hour later Prince Andrew was again called to Kutzov. +He found him reclining in an armchair, still in the same unbuttoned +overcoat. He had in his hand a French book which he closed as Prince +Andrew entered, marking the place with a knife. Prince Andrew saw by the +cover that it was Les Chevaliers du Cygne by Madame de Genlis. + +Well, sit down, sit down here. Lets have a talk, said Kutzov. Its +sad, very sad. But remember, my dear fellow, that I am a father to you, +a second father.... + +Prince Andrew told Kutzov all he knew of his fathers death, and what +he had seen at Bald Hills when he passed through it. + +What... what they have brought us to! Kutzov suddenly cried in an +agitated voice, evidently picturing vividly to himself from Prince +Andrews story the condition Russia was in. But give me time, give me +time! he said with a grim look, evidently not wishing to continue this +agitating conversation, and added I sent for you to keep you with me. + +I thank your Serene Highness, but I fear I am no longer fit for the +staff, replied Prince Andrew with a smile which Kutzov noticed. + +Kutzov glanced inquiringly at him. + +But above all, added Prince Andrew, I have grown used to my regiment, +am fond of the officers, and I fancy the men also like me. I should be +sorry to leave the regiment. If I decline the honor of being with you, +believe me... + +A shrewd, kindly, yet subtly derisive expression lit up Kutzovs podgy +face. He cut Bolknski short. + +I am sorry, for I need you. But youre right, youre right! Its not +here that men are needed. Advisers are always plentiful, but men are +not. The regiments would not be what they are if the would-be advisers +served there as you do. I remember you at Austerlitz.... I remember, +yes, I remember you with the standard! said Kutzov, and a flush of +pleasure suffused Prince Andrews face at this recollection. + +Taking his hand and drawing him downwards, Kutzov offered his cheek to +be kissed, and again Prince Andrew noticed tears in the old mans eyes. +Though Prince Andrew knew that Kutzovs tears came easily, and that he +was particularly tender to and considerate of him from a wish to +show sympathy with his loss, yet this reminder of Austerlitz was both +pleasant and flattering to him. + +Go your way and God be with you. I know your path is the path of +honor! He paused. I missed you at Bucharest, but I needed someone to +send. And changing the subject, Kutzov began to speak of the Turkish +war and the peace that had been concluded. Yes, I have been much +blamed, he said, both for that war and the peace... but everything +came at the right time. Tout vient point celui qui sait attendre. * +And there were as many advisers there as here... he went on, returning +to the subject of advisers which evidently occupied him. Ah, those +advisers! said he. If we had listened to them all we should not have +made peace with Turkey and should not have been through with that war. +Everything in haste, but more haste, less speed. Kmenski would have +been lost if he had not died. He stormed fortresses with thirty thousand +men. It is not difficult to capture a fortress but it is difficult to +win a campaign. For that, not storming and attacking but patience and +time are wanted. Kmenski sent soldiers to Rustchuk, but I only employed +these two things and took more fortresses than Kmenski and made them +Turks eat horseflesh! He swayed his head. And the French shall too, +believe me, he went on, growing warmer and beating his chest, Ill +make them eat horseflesh! And tears again dimmed his eyes. + + * Everything comes in time to him who knows how to wait. + + +But shant we have to accept battle? remarked Prince Andrew. + +We shall if everybody wants it it cant be helped.... But believe +me, my dear boy, there is nothing stronger than those two patience and +time, they will do it all. But the advisers nentendent pas de cette +oreille, voil le mal. * Some want a thingothers dont. Whats one to +do? he asked, evidently expecting an answer. Well, what do you want +us to do? he repeated and his eye shone with a deep, shrewd look. +Ill tell you what to do, he continued, as Prince Andrew still did not +reply I will tell you what to do, and what I do. Dans le doute, mon +cher, he paused, abstiens-toi *(2)he articulated the French proverb +deliberately. + + * Dont see it that way, thats the trouble. + + * (2) When in doubt, my dear fellow, do nothing. + + +Well, good-by, my dear fellow remember that with all my heart I share +your sorrow, and that for you I am not a Serene Highness, nor a prince, +nor a commander in chief, but a father! If you want anything come +straight to me. Good-by, my dear boy. + +Again he embraced and kissed Prince Andrew, but before the latter +had left the room Kutzov gave a sigh of relief and went on with his +unfinished novel, Les Chevaliers du Cygne by Madame de Genlis. + +Prince Andrew could not have explained how or why it was, but after that +interview with Kutzov he went back to his regiment reassured as to +the general course of affairs and as to the man to whom it had been +entrusted. The more he realized the absence of all personal motive in +that old manin whom there seemed to remain only the habit of passions, +and in place of an intellect (grouping events and drawing conclusions) +only the capacity calmly to contemplate the course of eventsthe more +reassured he was that everything would be as it should. He will not +bring in any plan of his own. He will not devise or undertake +anything, thought Prince Andrew, but he will hear everything, remember +everything, and put everything in its place. He will not hinder +anything useful nor allow anything harmful. He understands that there is +something stronger and more important than his own willthe inevitable +course of events, and he can see them and grasp their significance, +and seeing that significance can refrain from meddling and renounce his +personal wish directed to something else. And above all, thought Prince +Andrew, one believes in him because hes Russian, despite the novel +by Genlis and the French proverbs, and because his voice shook when he +said What they have brought us to! and had a sob in it when he said +he would make them eat horseflesh! + +On such feelings, more or less dimly shared by all, the unanimity and +general approval were founded with which, despite court influences, the +popular choice of Kutzov as commander in chief was received. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +After the Emperor had left Moscow, life flowed on there in its usual +course, and its course was so very usual that it was difficult to +remember the recent days of patriotic elation and ardor, hard to believe +that Russia was really in danger and that the members of the English +Club were also sons of the Fatherland ready to sacrifice everything +for it. The one thing that recalled the patriotic fervor everyone had +displayed during the Emperors stay was the call for contributions of +men and money, a necessity that as soon as the promises had been made +assumed a legal, official form and became unavoidable. + +With the enemys approach to Moscow, the Moscovites view of their +situation did not grow more serious but on the contrary became even +more frivolous, as always happens with people who see a great danger +approaching. At the approach of danger there are always two voices that +speak with equal power in the human soul one very reasonably tells a +man to consider the nature of the danger and the means of escaping it +the other, still more reasonably, says that it is too depressing and +painful to think of the danger, since it is not in mans power to +foresee everything and avert the general course of events, and it is +therefore better to disregard what is painful till it comes, and to +think about what is pleasant. In solitude a man generally listens to +the first voice, but in society to the second. So it was now with the +inhabitants of Moscow. It was long since people had been as gay in +Moscow as that year. + +Rostopchns broadsheets, headed by woodcuts of a drink shop, a potman, +and a Moscow burgher called Karpshka Chigrin, whohaving been a +militiaman and having had rather too much at the pubheard that Napoleon +wished to come to Moscow, grew angry, abused the French in very bad +language, came out of the drink shop, and, under the sign of the +eagle, began to address the assembled people, were read and discussed, +together with the latest of Vasli Lvvich Pshkins bouts rims. + +In the corner room at the Club, members gathered to read these +broadsheets, and some liked the way Karpshka jeered at the French, +saying They will swell up with Russian cabbage, burst with our +buckwheat porridge, and choke themselves with cabbage soup. They are all +dwarfs and one peasant woman will toss three of them with a hayfork. +Others did not like that tone and said it was stupid and vulgar. It was +said that Rostopchn had expelled all Frenchmen and even all foreigners +from Moscow, and that there had been some spies and agents of Napoleon +among them but this was told chiefly to introduce Rostopchns witty +remark on that occasion. The foreigners were deported to Nzhni by +boat, and Rostopchn had said to them in French Rentrez en vous-mmes +entrez dans la barque, et nen faites pas une barque de Charon. * There +was talk of all the government offices having been already removed from +Moscow, and to this Shinshns witticism was addedthat for that alone +Moscow ought to be grateful to Napoleon. It was said that Mamnovs +regiment would cost him eight hundred thousand rubles, and that Bezkhov +had spent even more on his, but that the best thing about Bezkhovs +action was that he himself was going to don a uniform and ride at the +head of his regiment without charging anything for the show. + + * Think it over get into the barque, and take care not to + make it a barque of Charon. + + +You dont spare anyone, said Julie Drubetskya as she collected +and pressed together a bunch of raveled lint with her thin, beringed +fingers. + +Julie was preparing to leave Moscow next day and was giving a farewell +soiree. + +Bezkhov est ridicule, but he is so kind and good-natured. What +pleasure is there to be so caustique? + +A forfeit! cried a young man in militia uniform whom Julie called mon +chevalier, and who was going with her to Nzhni. + +In Julies set, as in many other circles in Moscow, it had been agreed +that they would speak nothing but Russian and that those who made a +slip and spoke French should pay fines to the Committee of Voluntary +Contributions. + +Another forfeit for a Gallicism, said a Russian writer who was +present. What pleasure is there to be is not Russian! + +You spare no one, continued Julie to the young man without heeding the +authors remark. + +For caustiqueI am guilty and will pay, and I am prepared to pay again +for the pleasure of telling you the truth. For Gallicisms I wont be +responsible, she remarked, turning to the author I have neither the +money nor the time, like Prince Galtsyn, to engage a master to teach me +Russian! + +Ah, here he is! she added. Quand on... No, no, she said to the +militia officer, you wont catch me. Speak of the sun and you see its +rays! and she smiled amiably at Pierre. We were just talking of you, +she said with the facility in lying natural to a society woman. We were +saying that your regiment would be sure to be better than Mamnovs. + +Oh, dont talk to me of my regiment, replied Pierre, kissing his +hostess hand and taking a seat beside her. I am so sick of it. + +You will, of course, command it yourself? said Julie, directing a sly, +sarcastic glance toward the militia officer. + +The latter in Pierres presence had ceased to be caustic, and his face +expressed perplexity as to what Julies smile might mean. In spite of +his absent-mindedness and good nature, Pierres personality immediately +checked any attempt to ridicule him to his face. + +No, said Pierre, with a laughing glance at his big, stout body. I +should make too good a target for the French, besides I am afraid I +should hardly be able to climb onto a horse. + +Among those whom Julies guests happened to choose to gossip about were +the Rostvs. + +I hear that their affairs are in a very bad way, said Julie. And he +is so unreasonable, the count himself I mean. The Razumvskis wanted +to buy his house and his estate near Moscow, but it drags on and on. He +asks too much. + +No, I think the sale will come off in a few days, said someone. +Though it is madness to buy anything in Moscow now. + +Why? asked Julie. You dont think Moscow is in danger? + +Then why are you leaving? + +I? What a question! I am going because... well, because everyone is +going and besidesI am not Joan of Arc or an Amazon. + +Well, of course, of course! Let me have some more strips of linen. + +If he manages the business properly he will be able to pay off all his +debts, said the militia officer, speaking of Rostv. + +A kindly old man but not up to much. And why do they stay on so long in +Moscow? They meant to leave for the country long ago. Natalie is quite +well again now, isnt she? Julie asked Pierre with a knowing smile. + +They are waiting for their younger son, Pierre replied. He joined +Obolnskis Cossacks and went to Blaya Tsrkov where the regiment is +being formed. But now they have had him transferred to my regiment and +are expecting him every day. The count wanted to leave long ago, but the +countess wont on any account leave Moscow till her son returns. + +I met them the day before yesterday at the Arkhrovs. Natalie has +recovered her looks and is brighter. She sang a song. How easily some +people get over everything! + +Get over what? inquired Pierre, looking displeased. + +Julie smiled. + +You know, Count, such knights as you are only found in Madame de +Souzas novels. + +What knights? What do you mean? demanded Pierre, blushing. + +Oh, come, my dear count! Cest la fable de tout Moscou. Je vous admire, +ma parole dhonneur! * + + * It is the talk of all Moscow. My word, I admire you! + + +Forfeit, forfeit! cried the militia officer. + +All right, one cant talkhow tiresome! + +What is the talk of all Moscow? Pierre asked angrily, rising to his +feet. + +Come now, Count, you know! + +I dont know anything about it, said Pierre. + +I know you were friendly with Natalie, and so... but I was always more +friendly with Vrathat dear Vra. + +No, madame! Pierre continued in a tone of displeasure, I have not +taken on myself the role of Natalie Rostvas knight at all, and have +not been to their house for nearly a month. But I cannot understand the +cruelty... + +Qui sexcuse saccuse, * said Julie, smiling and waving the lint +triumphantly, and to have the last word she promptly changed the +subject. Do you know what I heard today? Poor Mary Bolknskaya arrived +in Moscow yesterday. Do you know that she has lost her father? + + * Who excuses himself, accuses himself. + + +Really? Where is she? I should like very much to see her, said Pierre. + +I spent the evening with her yesterday. She is going to their estate +near Moscow either today or tomorrow morning, with her nephew. + +Well, and how is she? asked Pierre. + +She is well, but sad. But do you know who rescued her? It is quite a +romance. Nicholas Rostv! She was surrounded, and they wanted to kill +her and had wounded some of her people. He rushed in and saved her.... + +Another romance, said the militia officer. Really, this general +flight has been arranged to get all the old maids married off. Catiche +is one and Princess Bolknskaya another. + +Do you know, I really believe she is un petit peu amoureuse du jeune +homme. * + + * A little bit in love with the young man. + + +Forfeit, forfeit, forfeit! + +But how could one say that in Russian? + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +When Pierre returned home he was handed two of Rostopchns broadsheets +that had been brought that day. + +The first declared that the report that Count Rostopchn had forbidden +people to leave Moscow was false on the contrary he was glad that +ladies and tradesmens wives were leaving the city. There will be less +panic and less gossip, ran the broadsheet but I will stake my life on +it that that scoundrel will not enter Moscow. These words showed Pierre +clearly for the first time that the French would enter Moscow. The +second broadsheet stated that our headquarters were at Vyzma, that +Count Wittgenstein had defeated the French, but that as many of the +inhabitants of Moscow wished to be armed, weapons were ready for them +at the arsenal sabers, pistols, and muskets which could be had at a low +price. The tone of the proclamation was not as jocose as in the former +Chigrin talks. Pierre pondered over these broadsheets. Evidently the +terrible stormcloud he had desired with the whole strength of his soul +but which yet aroused involuntary horror in him was drawing near. + +Shall I join the army and enter the service, or wait? he asked himself +for the hundredth time. He took a pack of cards that lay on the table +and began to lay them out for a game of patience. + +If this patience comes out, he said to himself after shuffling the +cards, holding them in his hand, and lifting his head, if it comes out, +it means... what does it mean? + +He had not decided what it should mean when he heard the voice of the +eldest princess at the door asking whether she might come in. + +Then it will mean that I must go to the army, said Pierre to himself. +Come in, come in! he added to the princess. + +Only the eldest princess, the one with the stony face and long waist, +was still living in Pierres house. The two younger ones had both +married. + +Excuse my coming to you, cousin, she said in a reproachful and +agitated voice. You know some decision must be come to. What is going +to happen? Everyone has left Moscow and the people are rioting. How is +it that we are staying on? + +On the contrary, things seem satisfactory, ma cousine, said Pierre +in the bantering tone he habitually adopted toward her, always feeling +uncomfortable in the role of her benefactor. + +Satisfactory, indeed! Very satisfactory! Barbara Ivnovna told me today +how our troops are distinguishing themselves. It certainly does them +credit! And the people too are quite mutinousthey no longer obey, +even my maid has taken to being rude. At this rate they will soon begin +beating us. One cant walk in the streets. But, above all, the French +will be here any day now, so what are we waiting for? I ask just one +thing of you, cousin, she went on, arrange for me to be taken to +Petersburg. Whatever I may be, I cant live under Bonapartes rule. + +Oh, come, ma cousine! Where do you get your information from? On the +contrary... + +I wont submit to your Napoleon! Others may if they please.... If you +dont want to do this... + +But I will, Ill give the order at once. + +The princess was apparently vexed at not having anyone to be angry with. +Muttering to herself, she sat down on a chair. + +But you have been misinformed, said Pierre. Everything is quiet in +the city and there is not the slightest danger. See! Ive just been +reading... He showed her the broadsheet. Count Rostopchn writes that +he will stake his life on it that the enemy will not enter Moscow. + +Oh, that count of yours! said the princess malevolently. He is a +hypocrite, a rascal who has himself roused the people to riot. Didnt +he write in those idiotic broadsheets that anyone, whoever it might be, +should be dragged to the lockup by his hair? (How silly!) And honor +and glory to whoever captures him, he says. This is what his cajolery +has brought us to! Barbara Ivnovna told me the mob near killed her +because she said something in French. + +Oh, but its so... You take everything so to heart, said Pierre, and +began laying out his cards for patience. + +Although that patience did come out, Pierre did not join the army, +but remained in deserted Moscow ever in the same state of agitation, +irresolution, and alarm, yet at the same time joyfully expecting +something terrible. + +Next day toward evening the princess set off, and Pierres head steward +came to inform him that the money needed for the equipment of his +regiment could not be found without selling one of the estates. In +general the head steward made out to Pierre that his project of raising +a regiment would ruin him. Pierre listened to him, scarcely able to +repress a smile. + +Well then, sell it, said he. Whats to be done? I cant draw back +now! + +The worse everything became, especially his own affairs, the better +was Pierre pleased and the more evident was it that the catastrophe he +expected was approaching. Hardly anyone he knew was left in town. Julie +had gone, and so had Princess Mary. Of his intimate friends only the +Rostvs remained, but he did not go to see them. + +To distract his thoughts he drove that day to the village of Vorontsvo +to see the great balloon Leppich was constructing to destroy the foe, +and a trial balloon that was to go up next day. The balloon was not yet +ready, but Pierre learned that it was being constructed by the Emperors +desire. The Emperor had written to Count Rostopchn as follows + +As soon as Leppich is ready, get together a crew of reliable and +intelligent men for his car and send a courier to General Kutzov to let +him know. I have informed him of the matter. + +Please impress upon Leppich to be very careful where he descends for +the first time, that he may not make a mistake and fall into the enemys +hands. It is essential for him to combine his movements with those of +the commander in chief. + + +On his way home from Vorontsvo, as he was passing the Boltnoe Place +Pierre, seeing a large crowd round the Lbnoe Place, stopped and got out +of his trap. A French cook accused of being a spy was being flogged. The +flogging was only just over, and the executioner was releasing from the +flogging bench a stout man with red whiskers, in blue stockings and +a green jacket, who was moaning piteously. Another criminal, thin and +pale, stood near. Judging by their faces they were both Frenchmen. With +a frightened and suffering look resembling that on the thin Frenchmans +face, Pierre pushed his way in through the crowd. + +What is it? Who is it? What is it for? he kept asking. + +But the attention of the crowdofficials, burghers, shopkeepers, +peasants, and women in cloaks and in pelisseswas so eagerly centered on +what was passing in Lbnoe Place that no one answered him. The stout man +rose, frowned, shrugged his shoulders, and evidently trying to appear +firm began to pull on his jacket without looking about him, but suddenly +his lips trembled and he began to cry, in the way full-blooded grown-up +men cry, though angry with himself for doing so. In the crowd people +began talking loudly, to stifle their feelings of pity as it seemed to +Pierre. + +Hes cook to some prince. + +Eh, mounseer, Russian sauce seems to be sour to a Frenchman... sets his +teeth on edge! said a wrinkled clerk who was standing behind Pierre, +when the Frenchman began to cry. + +The clerk glanced round, evidently hoping that his joke would be +appreciated. Some people began to laugh, others continued to watch in +dismay the executioner who was undressing the other man. + +Pierre choked, his face puckered, and he turned hastily away, went back +to his trap muttering something to himself as he went, and took his +seat. As they drove along he shuddered and exclaimed several times so +audibly that the coachman asked him + +What is your pleasure? + +Where are you going? shouted Pierre to the man, who was driving to +Lubynka Street. + +To the Governors, as you ordered, answered the coachman. + +Fool! Idiot! shouted Pierre, abusing his coachmana thing he rarely +did. Home, I told you! And drive faster, blockhead! I must get away +this very day, he murmured to himself. + +At the sight of the tortured Frenchman and the crowd surrounding the +Lbnoe Place, Pierre had so definitely made up his mind that he could no +longer remain in Moscow and would leave for the army that very day that +it seemed to him that either he had told the coachman this or that the +man ought to have known it for himself. + +On reaching home Pierre gave orders to Evstfeyhis head coachman who +knew everything, could do anything, and was known to all Moscowthat +he would leave that night for the army at Mozhysk, and that his saddle +horses should be sent there. This could not all be arranged that day, +so on Evstfeys representation Pierre had to put off his departure till +next day to allow time for the relay horses to be sent on in advance. + +On the twenty-fourth the weather cleared up after a spell of rain, and +after dinner Pierre left Moscow. When changing horses that night +in Perkhshkovo, he learned that there had been a great battle that +evening. (This was the battle of Shevrdino.) He was told that there in +Perkhshkovo the earth trembled from the firing, but nobody could answer +his questions as to who had won. At dawn next day Pierre was approaching +Mozhysk. + +Every house in Mozhysk had soldiers quartered in it, and at the hostel +where Pierre was met by his groom and coachman there was no room to be +had. It was full of officers. + +Everywhere in Mozhysk and beyond it, troops were stationed or on the +march. Cossacks, foot and horse soldiers, wagons, caissons, and cannon +were everywhere. Pierre pushed forward as fast as he could, and the +farther he left Moscow behind and the deeper he plunged into that sea +of troops the more was he overcome by restless agitation and a new and +joyful feeling he had not experienced before. It was a feeling akin +to what he had felt at the Slobda Palace during the Emperors visita +sense of the necessity of undertaking something and sacrificing +something. He now experienced a glad consciousness that everything that +constitutes mens happinessthe comforts of life, wealth, even +life itselfis rubbish it is pleasant to throw away, compared with +something... With what? Pierre could not say, and he did not try to +determine for whom and for what he felt such particular delight in +sacrificing everything. He was not occupied with the question of what to +sacrifice for the fact of sacrificing in itself afforded him a new and +joyous sensation. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +On the twenty-fourth of August the battle of the Shevrdino Redoubt was +fought, on the twenty-fifth not a shot was fired by either side, and on +the twenty-sixth the battle of Borodin itself took place. + +Why and how were the battles of Shevrdino and Borodin given and +accepted? Why was the battle of Borodin fought? There was not the least +sense in it for either the French or the Russians. Its immediate result +for the Russians was, and was bound to be, that we were brought nearer +to the destruction of Moscowwhich we feared more than anything in +the world and for the French its immediate result was that they were +brought nearer to the destruction of their whole armywhich they feared +more than anything in the world. What the result must be was quite +obvious, and yet Napoleon offered and Kutzov accepted that battle. + +If the commanders had been guided by reason, it would seem that it must +have been obvious to Napoleon that by advancing thirteen hundred miles +and giving battle with a probability of losing a quarter of his army, +he was advancing to certain destruction, and it must have been equally +clear to Kutzov that by accepting battle and risking the loss of a +quarter of his army he would certainly lose Moscow. For Kutzov this was +mathematically clear, as it is that if when playing draughts I have one +man less and go on exchanging, I shall certainly lose, and therefore +should not exchange. When my opponent has sixteen men and I have +fourteen, I am only one eighth weaker than he, but when I have exchanged +thirteen more men he will be three times as strong as I am. + +Before the battle of Borodin our strength in proportion to the French +was about as five to six, but after that battle it was little more than +one to two previously we had a hundred thousand against a hundred and +twenty thousand afterwards little more than fifty thousand against a +hundred thousand. Yet the shrewd and experienced Kutzov accepted the +battle, while Napoleon, who was said to be a commander of genius, +gave it, losing a quarter of his army and lengthening his lines of +communication still more. If it is said that he expected to end the +campaign by occupying Moscow as he had ended a previous campaign by +occupying Vienna, there is much evidence to the contrary. Napoleons +historians themselves tell us that from Smolnsk onwards he wished +to stop, knew the danger of his extended position, and knew that the +occupation of Moscow would not be the end of the campaign, for he had +seen at Smolnsk the state in which Russian towns were left to him, and +had not received a single reply to his repeated announcements of his +wish to negotiate. + +In giving and accepting battle at Borodin, Kutzov acted involuntarily +and irrationally. But later on, to fit what had occurred, the historians +provided cunningly devised evidence of the foresight and genius of the +generals who, of all the blind tools of history were the most enslaved +and involuntary. + +The ancients have left us model heroic poems in which the heroes furnish +the whole interest of the story, and we are still unable to accustom +ourselves to the fact that for our epoch histories of that kind are +meaningless. + +On the other question, how the battle of Borodin and the preceding +battle of Shevrdino were fought, there also exists a definite and +well-known, but quite false, conception. All the historians describe the +affair as follows + +The Russian army, they say, in its retreat from Smolnsk sought out +for itself the best position for a general engagement and found such a +position at Borodin. + +The Russians, they say, fortified this position in advance on the left +of the highroad (from Moscow to Smolnsk) and almost at a right angle +to it, from Borodin to Uttsa, at the very place where the battle was +fought. + +In front of this position, they say, a fortified outpost was set up on +the Shevrdino mound to observe the enemy. On the twenty-fourth, we +are told, Napoleon attacked this advanced post and took it, and, on the +twenty-sixth, attacked the whole Russian army, which was in position on +the field of Borodin. + +So the histories say, and it is all quite wrong, as anyone who cares to +look into the matter can easily convince himself. + +The Russians did not seek out the best position but, on the contrary, +during the retreat passed many positions better than Borodin. They did +not stop at any one of these positions because Kutzov did not wish to +occupy a position he had not himself chosen, because the popular demand +for a battle had not yet expressed itself strongly enough, and because +Milordovich had not yet arrived with the militia, and for many other +reasons. The fact is that other positions they had passed were stronger, +and that the position at Borodin (the one where the battle was fought), +far from being strong, was no more a position than any other spot one +might find in the Russian Empire by sticking a pin into the map at +hazard. + +Not only did the Russians not fortify the position on the field of +Borodin to the left of, and at a right angle to, the highroad (that +is, the position on which the battle took place), but never till the +twenty-fifth of August, 1812, did they think that a battle might be +fought there. This was shown first by the fact that there were no +entrenchments there by the twenty fifth and that those begun on the +twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth were not completed, and secondly, by the +position of the Shevrdino Redoubt. That redoubt was quite senseless +in front of the position where the battle was accepted. Why was it +more strongly fortified than any other post? And why were all efforts +exhausted and six thousand men sacrificed to defend it till late at +night on the twenty-fourth? A Cossack patrol would have sufficed to +observe the enemy. Thirdly, as proof that the position on which the +battle was fought had not been foreseen and that the Shevrdino Redoubt +was not an advanced post of that position, we have the fact that up to +the twenty-fifth, Barclay de Tolly and Bagratin were convinced that the +Shevrdino Redoubt was the left flank of the position, and that Kutzov +himself in his report, written in hot haste after the battle, speaks of +the Shevrdino Redoubt as the left flank of the position. It was much +later, when reports on the battle of Borodin were written at leisure, +that the incorrect and extraordinary statement was invented (probably to +justify the mistakes of a commander in chief who had to be represented +as infallible) that the Shevrdino Redoubt was an advanced postwhereas +in reality it was simply a fortified point on the left flankand that +the battle of Borodin was fought by us on an entrenched position +previously selected, whereas it was fought on a quite unexpected spot +which was almost unentrenched. + +The case was evidently this a position was selected along the river +Kolochwhich crosses the highroad not at a right angle but at an acute +angleso that the left flank was at Shevrdino, the right flank near the +village of Nvoe, and the center at Borodin at the confluence of the +rivers Koloch and Vyna. + +To anyone who looks at the field of Borodin without thinking of how +the battle was actually fought, this position, protected by the river +Koloch, presents itself as obvious for an army whose object was to +prevent an enemy from advancing along the Smolnsk road to Moscow. + +Napoleon, riding to Valevo on the twenty-fourth, did not see (as the +history books say he did) the position of the Russians from Uttsa +to Borodin (he could not have seen that position because it did not +exist), nor did he see an advanced post of the Russian army, but while +pursuing the Russian rearguard he came upon the left flank of the +Russian positionat the Shevrdino Redoubtand unexpectedly for the +Russians moved his army across the Koloch. And the Russians, not having +time to begin a general engagement, withdrew their left wing from the +position they had intended to occupy and took up a new position which +had not been foreseen and was not fortified. By crossing to the other +side of the Koloch to the left of the highroad, Napoleon shifted the +whole forthcoming battle from right to left (looking from the Russian +side) and transferred it to the plain between Uttsa, Semnovsk, and +Borodina plain no more advantageous as a position than any other plain +in Russiaand there the whole battle of the twenty-sixth of August took +place. + +Had Napoleon not ridden out on the evening of the twenty-fourth to the +Koloch, and had he not then ordered an immediate attack on the redoubt +but had begun the attack next morning, no one would have doubted that +the Shevrdino Redoubt was the left flank of our position, and the +battle would have taken place where we expected it. In that case +we should probably have defended the Shevrdino Redoubtour left +flankstill more obstinately. We should have attacked Napoleon in the +center or on the right, and the engagement would have taken place on the +twenty-fifth, in the position we intended and had fortified. But as the +attack on our left flank took place in the evening after the retreat of +our rear guard (that is, immediately after the fight at Gridnva), and +as the Russian commanders did not wish, or were not in time, to begin a +general engagement then on the evening of the twenty-fourth, the first +and chief action of the battle of Borodin was already lost on the +twenty-fourth, and obviously led to the loss of the one fought on the +twenty-sixth. + +After the loss of the Shevrdino Redoubt, we found ourselves on the +morning of the twenty-fifth without a position for our left flank, and +were forced to bend it back and hastily entrench it where it chanced to +be. + +Not only was the Russian army on the twenty-sixth defended by weak, +unfinished entrenchments, but the disadvantage of that position was +increased by the fact that the Russian commandersnot having fully +realized what had happened, namely the loss of our position on the left +flank and the shifting of the whole field of the forthcoming battle from +right to leftmaintained their extended position from the village of +Nvoe to Uttsa, and consequently had to move their forces from right to +left during the battle. So it happened that throughout the whole battle +the Russians opposed the entire French army launched against our left +flank with but half as many men. (Poniatowskis action against Uttsa, +and Uvrovs on the right flank against the French, were actions +distinct from the main course of the battle.) So the battle of Borodin +did not take place at all as (in an effort to conceal our commanders +mistakes even at the cost of diminishing the glory due to the Russian +army and people) it has been described. The battle of Borodin was not +fought on a chosen and entrenched position with forces only slightly +weaker than those of the enemy, but, as a result of the loss of the +Shevrdino Redoubt, the Russians fought the battle of Borodin on an +open and almost unentrenched position, with forces only half as numerous +as the French that is to say, under conditions in which it was not +merely unthinkable to fight for ten hours and secure an indecisive +result, but unthinkable to keep an army even from complete +disintegration and flight. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +On the morning of the twenty-fifth Pierre was leaving Mozhysk. At the +descent of the high steep hill, down which a winding road led out of the +town past the cathedral on the right, where a service was being held and +the bells were ringing, Pierre got out of his vehicle and proceeded on +foot. Behind him a cavalry regiment was coming down the hill preceded by +its singers. Coming up toward him was a train of carts carrying men who +had been wounded in the engagement the day before. The peasant drivers, +shouting and lashing their horses, kept crossing from side to side. The +carts, in each of which three or four wounded soldiers were lying +or sitting, jolted over the stones that had been thrown on the steep +incline to make it something like a road. The wounded, bandaged with +rags, with pale cheeks, compressed lips, and knitted brows, held on to +the sides of the carts as they were jolted against one another. Almost +all of them stared with nave, childlike curiosity at Pierres white hat +and green swallow-tail coat. + +Pierres coachman shouted angrily at the convoy of wounded to keep to +one side of the road. The cavalry regiment, as it descended the hill +with its singers, surrounded Pierres carriage and blocked the road. +Pierre stopped, being pressed against the side of the cutting in which +the road ran. The sunshine from behind the hill did not penetrate into +the cutting and there it was cold and damp, but above Pierres head was +the bright August sunshine and the bells sounded merrily. One of the +carts with wounded stopped by the side of the road close to Pierre. The +driver in his bast shoes ran panting up to it, placed a stone under one +of its tireless hind wheels, and began arranging the breech-band on his +little horse. + +One of the wounded, an old soldier with a bandaged arm who was following +the cart on foot, caught hold of it with his sound hand and turned to +look at Pierre. + +I say, fellow countryman! Will they set us down here or take us on to +Moscow? he asked. + +Pierre was so deep in thought that he did not hear the question. He was +looking now at the cavalry regiment that had met the convoy of wounded, +now at the cart by which he was standing, in which two wounded men +were sitting and one was lying. One of those sitting up in the cart had +probably been wounded in the cheek. His whole head was wrapped in rags +and one cheek was swollen to the size of a babys head. His nose +and mouth were twisted to one side. This soldier was looking at the +cathedral and crossing himself. Another, a young lad, a fair-haired +recruit as white as though there was no blood in his thin face, looked +at Pierre kindly, with a fixed smile. The third lay prone so that his +face was not visible. The cavalry singers were passing close by + + Ah lost, quite lost... is my head so keen, + Living in a foreign land... + +they sang their soldiers dance song. + +As if responding to them but with a different sort of merriment, the +metallic sound of the bells reverberated high above and the hot rays of +the sun bathed the top of the opposite slope with yet another sort of +merriment. But beneath the slope, by the cart with the wounded near the +panting little nag where Pierre stood, it was damp, somber, and sad. + +The soldier with the swollen cheek looked angrily at the cavalry +singers. + +Oh, the coxcombs! he muttered reproachfully. + +Its not the soldiers only, but Ive seen peasants today, too.... +The peasantseven they have to go, said the soldier behind the cart, +addressing Pierre with a sad smile. No distinctions made nowadays.... +They want the whole nation to fall on themin a word, its Moscow! They +want to make an end of it. + +In spite of the obscurity of the soldiers words Pierre understood what +he wanted to say and nodded approval. + +The road was clear again Pierre descended the hill and drove on. + +He kept looking to either side of the road for familiar faces, but only +saw everywhere the unfamiliar faces of various military men of different +branches of the service, who all looked with astonishment at his white +hat and green tail coat. + +Having gone nearly three miles he at last met an acquaintance and +eagerly addressed him. This was one of the head army doctors. He was +driving toward Pierre in a covered gig, sitting beside a young surgeon, +and on recognizing Pierre he told the Cossack who occupied the drivers +seat to pull up. + +Count! Your excellency, how come you to be here? asked the doctor. + +Well, you know, I wanted to see... + +Yes, yes, there will be something to see.... + +Pierre got out and talked to the doctor, explaining his intention of +taking part in a battle. + +The doctor advised him to apply direct to Kutzov. + +Why should you be God knows where out of sight, during the battle? he +said, exchanging glances with his young companion. Anyhow his Serene +Highness knows you and will receive you graciously. Thats what you must +do. + +The doctor seemed tired and in a hurry. + +You think so?... Ah, I also wanted to ask you where our position is +exactly? said Pierre. + +The position? repeated the doctor. Well, thats not my line. Drive +past Tatrinova, a lot of digging is going on there. Go up the hillock +and youll see. + +Can one see from there?... If you would... + +But the doctor interrupted him and moved toward his gig. + +I would go with you but on my honor Im up to hereand he pointed to +his throat. Im galloping to the commander of the corps. How do matters +stand?... You know, Count, therell be a battle tomorrow. Out of an army +of a hundred thousand we must expect at least twenty thousand wounded, +and we havent stretchers, or bunks, or dressers, or doctors enough for +six thousand. We have ten thousand carts, but we need other things as +wellwe must manage as best we can! + +The strange thought that of the thousands of men, young and old, who +had stared with merry surprise at his hat (perhaps the very men he had +noticed), twenty thousand were inevitably doomed to wounds and death +amazed Pierre. + +They may die tomorrow why are they thinking of anything but death? +And by some latent sequence of thought the descent of the Mozhysk hill, +the carts with the wounded, the ringing bells, the slanting rays of the +sun, and the songs of the cavalrymen vividly recurred to his mind. + +The cavalry ride to battle and meet the wounded and do not for a moment +think of what awaits them, but pass by, winking at the wounded. Yet from +among these men twenty thousand are doomed to die, and they wonder at my +hat! Strange! thought Pierre, continuing his way to Tatrinova. + +In front of a landowners house to the left of the road stood carriages, +wagons, and crowds of orderlies and sentinels. The commander in chief +was putting up there, but just when Pierre arrived he was not in and +hardly any of the staff were therethey had gone to the church service. +Pierre drove on toward Grki. + +When he had ascended the hill and reached the little village street, he +saw for the first time peasant militiamen in their white shirts and with +crosses on their caps, who, talking and laughing loudly, animated and +perspiring, were at work on a huge knoll overgrown with grass to the +right of the road. + +Some of them were digging, others were wheeling barrowloads of earth +along planks, while others stood about doing nothing. + +Two officers were standing on the knoll, directing the men. On seeing +these peasants, who were evidently still amused by the novelty of their +position as soldiers, Pierre once more thought of the wounded men at +Mozhysk and understood what the soldier had meant when he said They +want the whole nation to fall on them. The sight of these bearded +peasants at work on the battlefield, with their queer, clumsy boots +and perspiring necks, and their shirts opening from the left toward +the middle, unfastened, exposing their sunburned collarbones, impressed +Pierre more strongly with the solemnity and importance of the moment +than anything he had yet seen or heard. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +Pierre stepped out of his carriage and, passing the toiling militiamen, +ascended the knoll from which, according to the doctor, the battlefield +could be seen. + +It was about eleven oclock. The sun shone somewhat to the left and +behind him and brightly lit up the enormous panorama which, rising like +an amphitheater, extended before him in the clear rarefied atmosphere. + +From above on the left, bisecting that amphitheater, wound the Smolnsk +highroad, passing through a village with a white church some five +hundred paces in front of the knoll and below it. This was Borodin. +Below the village the road crossed the river by a bridge and, winding +down and up, rose higher and higher to the village of Valevo visible +about four miles away, where Napoleon was then stationed. Beyond Valevo +the road disappeared into a yellowing forest on the horizon. Far in +the distance in that birch and fir forest to the right of the road, the +cross and belfry of the Koloch Monastery gleamed in the sun. Here and +there over the whole of that blue expanse, to right and left of the +forest and the road, smoking campfires could be seen and indefinite +masses of troopsours and the enemys. The ground to the rightalong the +course of the Koloch and Moskv riverswas broken and hilly. Between +the hollows the villages of Bezbova and Zakhrino showed in the +distance. On the left the ground was more level there were fields of +grain, and the smoking ruins of Semnovsk, which had been burned down, +could be seen. + +All that Pierre saw was so indefinite that neither the left nor the +right side of the field fully satisfied his expectations. Nowhere +could he see the battlefield he had expected to find, but only fields, +meadows, troops, woods, the smoke of campfires, villages, mounds, and +streams and try as he would he could descry no military position in +this place which teemed with life, nor could he even distinguish our +troops from the enemys. + +I must ask someone who knows, he thought, and addressed an officer who +was looking with curiosity at his huge unmilitary figure. + +May I ask you, said Pierre, what village that is in front? + +Brdino, isnt it? said the officer, turning to his companion. + +Borodin, the other corrected him. + +The officer, evidently glad of an opportunity for a talk, moved up to +Pierre. + +Are those our men there? Pierre inquired. + +Yes, and there, further on, are the French, said the officer. There +they are, there... you can see them. + +Where? Where? asked Pierre. + +One can see them with the naked eye... Why, there! + +The officer pointed with his hand to the smoke visible on the left +beyond the river, and the same stern and serious expression that Pierre +had noticed on many of the faces he had met came into his face. + +Ah, those are the French! And over there?... Pierre pointed to a knoll +on the left, near which some troops could be seen. + +Those are ours. + +Ah, ours! And there?... Pierre pointed to another knoll in the +distance with a big tree on it, near a village that lay in a hollow +where also some campfires were smoking and something black was visible. + +Thats his again, said the officer. (It was the Shevrdino Redoubt.) +It was ours yesterday, but now it is his. + +Then how about our position? + +Our position? replied the officer with a smile of satisfaction. I +can tell you quite clearly, because I constructed nearly all our +entrenchments. There, you see? Theres our center, at Borodin, just +there, and he pointed to the village in front of them with the white +church. Thats where one crosses the Koloch. You see down there where +the rows of hay are lying in the hollow, theres the bridge. Thats our +center. Our right flank is over therehe pointed sharply to the right, +far away in the broken groundThats where the Moskv River is, and +we have thrown up three redoubts there, very strong ones. The left +flank... here the officer paused. Well, you see, thats difficult to +explain.... Yesterday our left flank was there at Shevrdino, you see, +where the oak is, but now we have withdrawn our left wingnow it is over +there, do you see that village and the smoke? Thats Semnovsk, yes, +there, he pointed to Ravskis knoll. But the battle will hardly +be there. His having moved his troops there is only a ruse he will +probably pass round to the right of the Moskv. But wherever it may be, +many a man will be missing tomorrow! he remarked. + +An elderly sergeant who had approached the officer while he was giving +these explanations had waited in silence for him to finish speaking, but +at this point, evidently not liking the officers remark, interrupted +him. + +Gabions must be sent for, said he sternly. + +The officer appeared abashed, as though he understood that one might +think of how many men would be missing tomorrow but ought not to speak +of it. + +Well, send number three company again, the officer replied hurriedly. + +And you, are you one of the doctors? + +No, Ive come on my own, answered Pierre, and he went down the hill +again, passing the militiamen. + +Oh, those damned fellows! muttered the officer who followed him, +holding his nose as he ran past the men at work. + +There they are... bringing her, coming... There they are... Theyll be +here in a minute... voices were suddenly heard saying and officers, +soldiers, and militiamen began running forward along the road. + +A church procession was coming up the hill from Borodin. First along +the dusty road came the infantry in ranks, bareheaded and with arms +reversed. From behind them came the sound of church singing. + +Soldiers and militiamen ran bareheaded past Pierre toward the +procession. + +They are bringing her, our Protectress!... The Iberian Mother of God! +someone cried. + +The Smolnsk Mother of God, another corrected him. + +The militiamen, both those who had been in the village and those who had +been at work on the battery, threw down their spades and ran to meet the +church procession. Following the battalion that marched along the dusty +road came priests in their vestmentsone little old man in a hood with +attendants and singers. Behind them soldiers and officers bore a large, +dark-faced icon with an embossed metal cover. This was the icon that had +been brought from Smolnsk and had since accompanied the army. Behind, +before, and on both sides, crowds of militiamen with bared heads walked, +ran, and bowed to the ground. + +At the summit of the hill they stopped with the icon the men who had +been holding it up by the linen bands attached to it were relieved by +others, the chanters relit their censers, and service began. The hot +rays of the sun beat down vertically and a fresh soft wind played with +the hair of the bared heads and with the ribbons decorating the icon. +The singing did not sound loud under the open sky. An immense crowd +of bareheaded officers, soldiers, and militiamen surrounded the icon. +Behind the priest and a chanter stood the notabilities on a spot +reserved for them. A bald general with a St. Georges Cross on his neck +stood just behind the priests back, and without crossing himself (he +was evidently a German) patiently awaited the end of the service, which +he considered it necessary to hear to the end, probably to arouse the +patriotism of the Russian people. Another general stood in a martial +pose, crossing himself by shaking his hand in front of his chest +while looking about him. Standing among the crowd of peasants, Pierre +recognized several acquaintances among these notables, but did not +look at themhis whole attention was absorbed in watching the serious +expression on the faces of the crowd of soldiers and militiamen who were +all gazing eagerly at the icon. As soon as the tired chanters, who were +singing the service for the twentieth time that day, began lazily and +mechanically to sing Save from calamity Thy servants, O Mother of +God, and the priest and deacon chimed in For to Thee under God we all +flee as to an inviolable bulwark and protection, there again kindled in +all those faces the same expression of consciousness of the solemnity +of the impending moment that Pierre had seen on the faces at the foot of +the hill at Mozhysk and momentarily on many and many faces he had met +that morning and heads were bowed more frequently and hair tossed back, +and sighs and the sound men made as they crossed themselves were heard. + +The crowd round the icon suddenly parted and pressed against Pierre. +Someone, a very important personage judging by the haste with which way +was made for him, was approaching the icon. + +It was Kutzov, who had been riding round the position and on his way +back to Tatrinova had stopped where the service was being held. Pierre +recognized him at once by his peculiar figure, which distinguished him +from everybody else. + +With a long overcoat on his exceedingly stout, round-shouldered body, +with uncovered white head and puffy face showing the white ball of the +eye he had lost, Kutzov walked with plunging, swaying gait into +the crowd and stopped behind the priest. He crossed himself with an +accustomed movement, bent till he touched the ground with his hand, and +bowed his white head with a deep sigh. Behind Kutzov was Bennigsen and +the suite. Despite the presence of the commander in chief, who attracted +the attention of all the superior officers, the militiamen and soldiers +continued their prayers without looking at him. + +When the service was over, Kutzov stepped up to the icon, sank heavily +to his knees, bowed to the ground, and for a long time tried vainly to +rise, but could not do so on account of his weakness and weight. His +white head twitched with the effort. At last he rose, kissed the icon as +a child does with navely pouting lips, and again bowed till he touched +the ground with his hand. The other generals followed his example, +then the officers, and after them with excited faces, pressing on one +another, crowding, panting, and pushing, scrambled the soldiers and +militiamen. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +Staggering amid the crush, Pierre looked about him. + +Count Peter Kirlovich! How did you get here? said a voice. + +Pierre looked round. Bors Drubetsky, brushing his knees with his hand +(he had probably soiled them when he, too, had knelt before the icon), +came up to him smiling. Bors was elegantly dressed, with a slightly +martial touch appropriate to a campaign. He wore a long coat and like +Kutzov had a whip slung across his shoulder. + +Meanwhile Kutzov had reached the village and seated himself in the +shade of the nearest house, on a bench which one Cossack had run +to fetch and another had hastily covered with a rug. An immense and +brilliant suite surrounded him. + +The icon was carried further, accompanied by the throng. Pierre stopped +some thirty paces from Kutzov, talking to Bors. + +He explained his wish to be present at the battle and to see the +position. + +This is what you must do, said Bors. I will do the honors of the +camp to you. You will see everything best from where Count Bennigsen +will be. I am in attendance on him, you know Ill mention it to him. +But if you want to ride round the position, come along with us. We are +just going to the left flank. Then when we get back, do spend the night +with me and well arrange a game of cards. Of course you know Dmtri +Sergevich? Those are his quarters, and he pointed to the third house +in the village of Grki. + +But I should like to see the right flank. They say its very strong, +said Pierre. I should like to start from the Moskv River and ride +round the whole position. + +Well, you can do that later, but the chief thing is the left flank. + +Yes, yes. But where is Prince Bolknskis regiment? Can you point it +out to me? + +Prince Andrews? We shall pass it and Ill take you to him. + +What about the left flank? asked Pierre + +To tell you the truth, between ourselves, God only knows what state our +left flank is in, said Bors confidentially lowering his voice. It is +not at all what Count Bennigsen intended. He meant to fortify that knoll +quite differently, but... Bors shrugged his shoulders, his Serene +Highness would not have it, or someone persuaded him. You see... but +Bors did not finish, for at that moment Kaysrov, Kutzovs adjutant, +came up to Pierre. Ah, Kaysrov! said Bors, addressing him with an +unembarrassed smile, I was just trying to explain our position to +the count. It is amazing how his Serene Highness could so foresee the +intentions of the French! + +You mean the left flank? asked Kaysrov. + +Yes, exactly the left flank is now extremely strong. + +Though Kutzov had dismissed all unnecessary men from the staff, Bors +had contrived to remain at headquarters after the changes. He had +established himself with Count Bennigsen, who, like all on whom Bors +had been in attendance, considered young Prince Drubetsky an invaluable +man. + +In the higher command there were two sharply defined parties Kutzovs +party and that of Bennigsen, the chief of staff. Bors belonged to the +latter and no one else, while showing servile respect to Kutzov, could +so create an impression that the old fellow was not much good and that +Bennigsen managed everything. Now the decisive moment of battle had come +when Kutzov would be destroyed and the power pass to Bennigsen, or even +if Kutzov won the battle it would be felt that everything was done by +Bennigsen. In any case many great rewards would have to be given for +tomorrows action, and new men would come to the front. So Bors was +full of nervous vivacity all day. + +After Kaysrov, others whom Pierre knew came up to him, and he had not +time to reply to all the questions about Moscow that were showered upon +him, or to listen to all that was told him. The faces all expressed +animation and apprehension, but it seemed to Pierre that the cause of +the excitement shown in some of these faces lay chiefly in questions +of personal success his mind, however, was occupied by the different +expression he saw on other facesan expression that spoke not of +personal matters but of the universal questions of life and death. +Kutzov noticed Pierres figure and the group gathered round him. + +Call him to me, said Kutzov. + +An adjutant told Pierre of his Serene Highness wish, and Pierre went +toward Kutzovs bench. But a militiaman got there before him. It was +Dlokhov. + +How did that fellow get here? asked Pierre. + +Hes a creature that wriggles in anywhere! was the answer. He +has been degraded, you know. Now he wants to bob up again. Hes been +proposing some scheme or other and has crawled into the enemys picket +line at night.... Hes a brave fellow. + +Pierre took off his hat and bowed respectfully to Kutzov. + +I concluded that if I reported to your Serene Highness you might send +me away or say that you knew what I was reporting, but then I shouldnt +lose anything... Dlokhov was saying. + +Yes, yes. + +But if I were right, I should be rendering a service to my Fatherland +for which I am ready to die. + +Yes, yes. + +And should your Serene Highness require a man who will not spare his +skin, please think of me.... Perhaps I may prove useful to your Serene +Highness. + +Yes... Yes... Kutzov repeated, his laughing eye narrowing more and +more as he looked at Pierre. + +Just then Bors, with his courtierlike adroitness, stepped up to +Pierres side near Kutzov and in a most natural manner, without +raising his voice, said to Pierre, as though continuing an interrupted +conversation + +The militia have put on clean white shirts to be ready to die. What +heroism, Count! + +Bors evidently said this to Pierre in order to be overheard by his +Serene Highness. He knew Kutzovs attention would be caught by those +words, and so it was. + +What are you saying about the militia? he asked Bors. + +Preparing for tomorrow, your Serene Highnessfor deaththey have put on +clean shirts. + +Ah... a wonderful, a matchless people! said Kutzov and he closed his +eyes and swayed his head. A matchless people! he repeated with a sigh. + +So you want to smell gunpowder? he said to Pierre. Yes, its a +pleasant smell. I have the honor to be one of your wifes adorers. Is +she well? My quarters are at your service. + +And as often happens with old people, Kutzov began looking about +absent-mindedly as if forgetting all he wanted to say or do. + +Then, evidently remembering what he wanted, he beckoned to Andrew +Kaysrov, his adjutants brother. + +Those verses... those verses of Mrins... how do they go, eh? Those he +wrote about Gerkov Lectures for the corps inditing... Recite them, +recite them! said he, evidently preparing to laugh. + +Kaysrov recited.... Kutzov smilingly nodded his head to the rhythm of +the verses. + +When Pierre had left Kutzov, Dlokhov came up to him and took his hand. + +I am very glad to meet you here, Count, he said aloud, regardless +of the presence of strangers and in a particularly resolute and solemn +tone. On the eve of a day when God alone knows who of us is fated to +survive, I am glad of this opportunity to tell you that I regret the +misunderstandings that occurred between us and should wish you not to +have any ill feeling for me. I beg you to forgive me. + +Pierre looked at Dlokhov with a smile, not knowing what to say to him. +With tears in his eyes Dlokhov embraced Pierre and kissed him. + +Bors said a few words to his general, and Count Bennigsen turned to +Pierre and proposed that he should ride with him along the line. + +It will interest you, said he. + +Yes, very much, replied Pierre. + +Half an hour later Kutzov left for Tatrinova, and Bennigsen and his +suite, with Pierre among them, set out on their ride along the line. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +From Grki, Bennigsen descended the highroad to the bridge which, when +they had looked at it from the hill, the officer had pointed out as +being the center of our position and where rows of fragrant new-mown hay +lay by the riverside. They rode across that bridge into the village of +Borodin and thence turned to the left, passing an enormous number of +troops and guns, and came to a high knoll where militiamen were digging. +This was the redoubt, as yet unnamed, which afterwards became known as +the Ravski Redoubt, or the Knoll Battery, but Pierre paid no special +attention to it. He did not know that it would become more memorable to +him than any other spot on the plain of Borodin. + +They then crossed the hollow to Semnovsk, where the soldiers were +dragging away the last logs from the huts and barns. Then they rode +downhill and uphill, across a ryefield trodden and beaten down as if by +hail, following a track freshly made by the artillery over the furrows +of the plowed land, and reached some flches * which were still being +dug. + + * A kind of entrenchment. + +At the flches Bennigsen stopped and began looking at the Shevrdino +Redoubt opposite, which had been ours the day before and where several +horsemen could be descried. The officers said that either Napoleon or +Murat was there, and they all gazed eagerly at this little group of +horsemen. Pierre also looked at them, trying to guess which of the +scarcely discernible figures was Napoleon. At last those mounted men +rode away from the mound and disappeared. + +Bennigsen spoke to a general who approached him, and began explaining +the whole position of our troops. Pierre listened to him, straining each +faculty to understand the essential points of the impending battle, but +was mortified to feel that his mental capacity was inadequate for the +task. He could make nothing of it. Bennigsen stopped speaking and, +noticing that Pierre was listening, suddenly said to him + +I dont think this interests you? + +On the contrary its very interesting! replied Pierre not quite +truthfully. + +From the flches they rode still farther to the left, along a road +winding through a thick, low-growing birch wood. In the middle of the +wood a brown hare with white feet sprang out and, scared by the tramp of +the many horses, grew so confused that it leaped along the road in front +of them for some time, arousing general attention and laughter, and only +when several voices shouted at it did it dart to one side and disappear +in the thicket. After going through the wood for about a mile and a half +they came out on a glade where troops of Tchkovs corps were stationed +to defend the left flank. + +Here, at the extreme left flank, Bennigsen talked a great deal and with +much heat, and, as it seemed to Pierre, gave orders of great military +importance. In front of Tchkovs troops was some high ground not +occupied by troops. Bennigsen loudly criticized this mistake, saying +that it was madness to leave a height which commanded the country around +unoccupied and to place troops below it. Some of the generals expressed +the same opinion. One in particular declared with martial heat that they +were put there to be slaughtered. Bennigsen on his own authority ordered +the troops to occupy the high ground. This disposition on the left flank +increased Pierres doubt of his own capacity to understand military +matters. Listening to Bennigsen and the generals criticizing the +position of the troops behind the hill, he quite understood them and +shared their opinion, but for that very reason he could not understand +how the man who put them there behind the hill could have made so gross +and palpable a blunder. + +Pierre did not know that these troops were not, as Bennigsen supposed, +put there to defend the position, but were in a concealed position as +an ambush, that they should not be seen and might be able to strike an +approaching enemy unexpectedly. Bennigsen did not know this and moved +the troops forward according to his own ideas without mentioning the +matter to the commander in chief. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +On that bright evening of August 25, Prince Andrew lay leaning on his +elbow in a broken-down shed in the village of Knyazkvo at the further +end of his regiments encampment. Through a gap in the broken wall he +could see, beside the wooden fence, a row of thirty-year-old birches +with their lower branches lopped off, a field on which shocks of +oats were standing, and some bushes near which rose the smoke of +campfiresthe soldiers kitchens. + +Narrow and burdensome and useless to anyone as his life now seemed to +him, Prince Andrew on the eve of battle felt agitated and irritable as +he had done seven years before at Austerlitz. + +He had received and given the orders for next days battle and had +nothing more to do. But his thoughtsthe simplest, clearest, and +therefore most terrible thoughtswould give him no peace. He knew that +tomorrows battle would be the most terrible of all he had taken +part in, and for the first time in his life the possibility of death +presented itself to himnot in relation to any worldly matter or with +reference to its effect on others, but simply in relation to himself, to +his own soulvividly, plainly, terribly, and almost as a certainty. And +from the height of this perception all that had previously tormented and +preoccupied him suddenly became illumined by a cold white light without +shadows, without perspective, without distinction of outline. All life +appeared to him like magic-lantern pictures at which he had long been +gazing by artificial light through a glass. Now he suddenly saw those +badly daubed pictures in clear daylight and without a glass. Yes, +yes! There they are, those false images that agitated, enraptured, +and tormented me, said he to himself, passing in review the principal +pictures of the magic lantern of life and regarding them now in the cold +white daylight of his clear perception of death. There they are, those +rudely painted figures that once seemed splendid and mysterious. +Glory, the good of society, love of a woman, the Fatherland itselfhow +important these pictures appeared to me, with what profound meaning they +seemed to be filled! And it is all so simple, pale, and crude in the +cold white light of this morning which I feel is dawning for me. The +three great sorrows of his life held his attention in particular his +love for a woman, his fathers death, and the French invasion which had +overrun half Russia. Love... that little girl who seemed to me brimming +over with mystic forces! Yes, indeed, I loved her. I made romantic plans +of love and happiness with her! Oh, what a boy I was! he said aloud +bitterly. Ah me! I believed in some ideal love which was to keep her +faithful to me for the whole year of my absence! Like the gentle dove +in the fable she was to pine apart from me.... But it was much simpler +really.... It was all very simple and horrible. + +When my father built Bald Hills he thought the place was his his +land, his air, his peasants. But Napoleon came and swept him aside, +unconscious of his existence, as he might brush a chip from his path, +and his Bald Hills and his whole life fell to pieces. Princess Mary says +it is a trial sent from above. What is the trial for, when he is not +here and will never return? He is not here! For whom then is the trial +intended? The Fatherland, the destruction of Moscow! And tomorrow I +shall be killed, perhaps not even by a Frenchman but by one of our own +men, by a soldier discharging a musket close to my ear as one of them +did yesterday, and the French will come and take me by head and heels +and fling me into a hole that I may not stink under their noses, and new +conditions of life will arise, which will seem quite ordinary to others +and about which I shall know nothing. I shall not exist.... + +He looked at the row of birches shining in the sunshine, with their +motionless green and yellow foliage and white bark. To die... to be +killed tomorrow... That I should not exist... That all this should still +be, but no me.... + +And the birches with their light and shade, the curly clouds, the +smoke of the campfires, and all that was around him changed and seemed +terrible and menacing. A cold shiver ran down his spine. He rose +quickly, went out of the shed, and began to walk about. + +After he had returned, voices were heard outside the shed. Whos that? +he cried. + +The red-nosed Captain Timkhin, formerly Dlokhovs squadron commander, +but now from lack of officers a battalion commander, shyly entered the +shed followed by an adjutant and the regimental paymaster. + +Prince Andrew rose hastily, listened to the business they had come +about, gave them some further instructions, and was about to dismiss +them when he heard a familiar, lisping, voice behind the shed. + +Devil take it! said the voice of a man stumbling over something. + +Prince Andrew looked out of the shed and saw Pierre, who had tripped +over a pole on the ground and had nearly fallen, coming his way. It was +unpleasant to Prince Andrew to meet people of his own set in general, +and Pierre especially, for he reminded him of all the painful moments of +his last visit to Moscow. + +You? What a surprise! said he. What brings you here? This is +unexpected! + +As he said this his eyes and face expressed more than coldnessthey +expressed hostility, which Pierre noticed at once. He had approached +the shed full of animation, but on seeing Prince Andrews face he felt +constrained and ill at ease. + +I have come... simply... you know... come... it interests me, said +Pierre, who had so often that day senselessly repeated that word +interesting. I wish to see the battle. + +Oh yes, and what do the Masonic brothers say about war? How would they +stop it? said Prince Andrew sarcastically. Well, and hows Moscow? And +my people? Have they reached Moscow at last? he asked seriously. + +Yes, they have. Julie Drubetskya told me so. I went to see them, but +missed them. They have gone to your estate near Moscow. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXV + +The officers were about to take leave, but Prince Andrew, apparently +reluctant to be left alone with his friend, asked them to stay and have +tea. Seats were brought in and so was the tea. The officers gazed with +surprise at Pierres huge stout figure and listened to his talk of +Moscow and the position of our army, round which he had ridden. Prince +Andrew remained silent, and his expression was so forbidding that Pierre +addressed his remarks chiefly to the good-natured battalion commander. + +So you understand the whole position of our troops? Prince Andrew +interrupted him. + +Yesthat is, how do you mean? said Pierre. Not being a military man +I cant say I have understood it fully, but I understand the general +position. + +Well, then, you know more than anyone else, be it who it may, said +Prince Andrew. + +Oh! said Pierre, looking over his spectacles in perplexity at Prince +Andrew. Well, and what do you think of Kutzovs appointment? he +asked. + +I was very glad of his appointment, thats all I know, replied Prince +Andrew. + +And tell me your opinion of Barclay de Tolly. In Moscow they are saying +heaven knows what about him.... What do you think of him? + +Ask them, replied Prince Andrew, indicating the officers. + +Pierre looked at Timkhin with the condescendingly interrogative smile +with which everybody involuntarily addressed that officer. + +We see light again, since his Serenity has been appointed, your +excellency, said Timkhin timidly, and continually turning to glance at +his colonel. + +Why so? asked Pierre. + +Well, to mention only firewood and fodder, let me inform you. Why, when +we were retreating from Sventsyni we dare not touch a stick or a wisp +of hay or anything. You see, we were going away, so he would get it all +wasnt it so, your excellency? and again Timkhin turned to the prince. +But we darent. In our regiment two officers were court-martialed for +that kind of thing. But when his Serenity took command everything became +straightforward. Now we see light.... + +Then why was it forbidden? + +Timkhin looked about in confusion, not knowing what or how to answer +such a question. Pierre put the same question to Prince Andrew. + +Why, so as not to lay waste the country we were abandoning to the +enemy, said Prince Andrew with venomous irony. It is very sound +one cant permit the land to be pillaged and accustom the troops to +marauding. At Smolnsk too he judged correctly that the French might +outflank us, as they had larger forces. But he could not understand +this, cried Prince Andrew in a shrill voice that seemed to escape him +involuntarily he could not understand that there, for the first time, +we were fighting for Russian soil, and that there was a spirit in the +men such as I had never seen before, that we had held the French for +two days, and that that success had increased our strength tenfold. He +ordered us to retreat, and all our efforts and losses went for nothing. +He had no thought of betraying us, he tried to do the best he could, +he thought out everything, and that is why he is unsuitable. He is +unsuitable now, just because he plans out everything very thoroughly and +accurately as every German has to. How can I explain?... Well, say your +father has a German valet, and he is a splendid valet and satisfies your +fathers requirements better than you could, then its all right to let +him serve. But if your father is mortally sick youll send the valet +away and attend to your father with your own unpracticed, awkward hands, +and will soothe him better than a skilled man who is a stranger could. +So it has been with Barclay. While Russia was well, a foreigner could +serve her and be a splendid minister but as soon as she is in danger +she needs one of her own kin. But in your Club they have been making him +out a traitor! They slander him as a traitor, and the only result will +be that afterwards, ashamed of their false accusations, they will make +him out a hero or a genius instead of a traitor, and that will be still +more unjust. He is an honest and very punctilious German. + +And they say hes a skillful commander, rejoined Pierre. + +I dont understand what is meant by a skillful commander, replied +Prince Andrew ironically. + +A skillful commander? replied Pierre. Why, one who foresees all +contingencies... and foresees the adversarys intentions. + +But thats impossible, said Prince Andrew as if it were a matter +settled long ago. + +Pierre looked at him in surprise. + +And yet they say that war is like a game of chess? he remarked. + +Yes, replied Prince Andrew, but with this little difference, that +in chess you may think over each move as long as you please and are not +limited for time, and with this difference too, that a knight is always +stronger than a pawn, and two pawns are always stronger than one, while +in war a battalion is sometimes stronger than a division and sometimes +weaker than a company. The relative strength of bodies of troops can +never be known to anyone. Believe me, he went on, if things +depended on arrangements made by the staff, I should be there making +arrangements, but instead of that I have the honor to serve here in +the regiment with these gentlemen, and I consider that on us tomorrows +battle will depend and not on those others.... Success never depends, +and never will depend, on position, or equipment, or even on numbers, +and least of all on position. + +But on what then? + +On the feeling that is in me and in him, he pointed to Timkhin, and +in each soldier. + +Prince Andrew glanced at Timkhin, who looked at his commander in alarm +and bewilderment. In contrast to his former reticent taciturnity +Prince Andrew now seemed excited. He could apparently not refrain from +expressing the thoughts that had suddenly occurred to him. + +A battle is won by those who firmly resolve to win it! Why did we lose +the battle at Austerlitz? The French losses were almost equal to ours, +but very early we said to ourselves that we were losing the battle, +and we did lose it. And we said so because we had nothing to fight for +there, we wanted to get away from the battlefield as soon as we could. +Weve lost, so let us run, and we ran. If we had not said that till +the evening, heaven knows what might not have happened. But tomorrow we +shant say it! You talk about our position, the left flank weak and the +right flank too extended, he went on. Thats all nonsense, theres +nothing of the kind. But what awaits us tomorrow? A hundred million most +diverse chances which will be decided on the instant by the fact that +our men or theirs run or do not run, and that this man or that man is +killed, but all that is being done at present is only play. The fact is +that those men with whom you have ridden round the position not only +do not help matters, but hinder. They are only concerned with their own +petty interests. + +At such a moment? said Pierre reproachfully. + +At such a moment! Prince Andrew repeated. To them it is only a moment +affording opportunities to undermine a rival and obtain an extra cross +or ribbon. For me tomorrow means this a Russian army of a hundred +thousand and a French army of a hundred thousand have met to fight, and +the thing is that these two hundred thousand men will fight and the side +that fights more fiercely and spares itself least will win. And if you +like I will tell you that whatever happens and whatever muddles those at +the top may make, we shall win tomorrows battle. Tomorrow, happen what +may, we shall win! + +There now, your excellency! Thats the truth, the real truth, said +Timkhin. Who would spare himself now? The soldiers in my battalion, +believe me, wouldnt drink their vodka! Its not the day for that! +they say. + +All were silent. The officers rose. Prince Andrew went out of the shed +with them, giving final orders to the adjutant. After they had gone +Pierre approached Prince Andrew and was about to start a conversation +when they heard the clatter of three horses hoofs on the road not far +from the shed, and looking in that direction Prince Andrew recognized +Wolzogen and Clausewitz accompanied by a Cossack. They rode close by +continuing to converse, and Prince Andrew involuntarily heard these +words + +Der Krieg muss in Raum verlegt werden. Der Ansicht kann ich nicht genug +Preis geben, * said one of them. + + * The war must be extended widely. I cannot sufficiently + commend that view. + + +Oh, ja, said the other, der Zweck ist nur den Feind zu schwchen, +so kann man gewiss nicht den Verlust der Privat-Personen in Achtung +nehmen. * + + * Oh, yes, the only aim is to weaken the enemy, so of + course one cannot take into account the loss of private + individuals. + + +Oh, no, agreed the other. + +Extend widely! said Prince Andrew with an angry snort, when they had +ridden past. In that extend were my father, son, and sister, at Bald +Hills. Thats all the same to him! Thats what I was saying to youthose +German gentlemen wont win the battle tomorrow but will only make all +the mess they can, because they have nothing in their German heads but +theories not worth an empty eggshell and havent in their hearts the one +thing needed tomorrowthat which Timkhin has. They have yielded up all +Europe to him, and have now come to teach us. Fine teachers! and again +his voice grew shrill. + +So you think we shall win tomorrows battle? asked Pierre. + +Yes, yes, answered Prince Andrew absently. One thing I would do if +I had the power, he began again, I would not take prisoners. Why take +prisoners? Its chivalry! The French have destroyed my home and are on +their way to destroy Moscow, they have outraged and are outraging me +every moment. They are my enemies. In my opinion they are all criminals. +And so thinks Timkhin and the whole army. They should be executed! +Since they are my foes they cannot be my friends, whatever may have been +said at Tilsit. + +Yes, yes, muttered Pierre, looking with shining eyes at Prince Andrew. +I quite agree with you! + +The question that had perturbed Pierre on the Mozhysk hill and all +that day now seemed to him quite clear and completely solved. He now +understood the whole meaning and importance of this war and of the +impending battle. All he had seen that day, all the significant and +stern expressions on the faces he had seen in passing, were lit up +for him by a new light. He understood that latent heat (as they say in +physics) of patriotism which was present in all these men he had seen, +and this explained to him why they all prepared for death calmly, and as +it were lightheartedly. + +Not take prisoners, Prince Andrew continued That by itself would +quite change the whole war and make it less cruel. As it is we have +played at warthats whats vile! We play at magnanimity and all that +stuff. Such magnanimity and sensibility are like the magnanimity and +sensibility of a lady who faints when she sees a calf being killed she +is so kindhearted that she cant look at blood, but enjoys eating the +calf served up with sauce. They talk to us of the rules of war, of +chivalry, of flags of truce, of mercy to the unfortunate and so on. Its +all rubbish! I saw chivalry and flags of truce in 1805 they humbugged +us and we humbugged them. They plunder other peoples houses, issue +false paper money, and worst of all they kill my children and my +father, and then talk of rules of war and magnanimity to foes! Take no +prisoners, but kill and be killed! He who has come to this as I have +through the same sufferings... + +Prince Andrew, who had thought it was all the same to him whether or +not Moscow was taken as Smolnsk had been, was suddenly checked in his +speech by an unexpected cramp in his throat. He paced up and down a +few times in silence, but his eyes glittered feverishly and his lips +quivered as he began speaking. + +If there was none of this magnanimity in war, we should go to war only +when it was worth while going to certain death, as now. Then there would +not be war because Paul Ivnovich had offended Michael Ivnovich. And +when there was a war, like this one, it would be war! And then the +determination of the troops would be quite different. Then all these +Westphalians and Hessians whom Napoleon is leading would not follow +him into Russia, and we should not go to fight in Austria and Prussia +without knowing why. War is not courtesy but the most horrible thing in +life and we ought to understand that and not play at war. We ought to +accept this terrible necessity sternly and seriously. It all lies in +that get rid of falsehood and let war be war and not a game. As it is +now, war is the favorite pastime of the idle and frivolous. The military +calling is the most highly honored. + +But what is war? What is needed for success in warfare? What are the +habits of the military? The aim of war is murder the methods of war +are spying, treachery, and their encouragement, the ruin of a countrys +inhabitants, robbing them or stealing to provision the army, and fraud +and falsehood termed military craft. The habits of the military class +are the absence of freedom, that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, +cruelty, debauchery, and drunkenness. And in spite of all this it is the +highest class, respected by everyone. All the kings, except the Chinese, +wear military uniforms, and he who kills most people receives the +highest rewards. + +They meet, as we shall meet tomorrow, to murder one another they kill +and maim tens of thousands, and then have thanksgiving services for +having killed so many people (they even exaggerate the number), and they +announce a victory, supposing that the more people they have killed +the greater their achievement. How does God above look at them and hear +them? exclaimed Prince Andrew in a shrill, piercing voice. Ah, my +friend, it has of late become hard for me to live. I see that I have +begun to understand too much. And it doesnt do for man to taste of the +tree of knowledge of good and evil.... Ah, well, its not for long! he +added. + +However, youre sleepy, and its time for me to sleep. Go back to +Grki! said Prince Andrew suddenly. + +Oh no! Pierre replied, looking at Prince Andrew with frightened, +compassionate eyes. + +Go, go! Before a battle one must have ones sleep out, repeated Prince +Andrew. + +He came quickly up to Pierre and embraced and kissed him. Good-by, be +off! he shouted. Whether we meet again or not... and turning away +hurriedly he entered the shed. + +It was already dark, and Pierre could not make out whether the +expression of Prince Andrews face was angry or tender. + +For some time he stood in silence considering whether he should follow +him or go away. No, he does not want it! Pierre concluded. And I know +that this is our last meeting! He sighed deeply and rode back to Grki. + +On re-entering the shed Prince Andrew lay down on a rug, but he could +not sleep. + +He closed his eyes. One picture succeeded another in his imagination. On +one of them he dwelt long and joyfully. He vividly recalled an evening +in Petersburg. Natsha with animated and excited face was telling him +how she had gone to look for mushrooms the previous summer and had lost +her way in the big forest. She incoherently described the depths of +the forest, her feelings, and a talk with a beekeeper she met, and +constantly interrupted her story to say No, I cant! Im not telling +it right no, you dont understand, though he encouraged her by saying +that he did understand, and he really had understood all she wanted to +say. But Natsha was not satisfied with her own words she felt that +they did not convey the passionately poetic feeling she had experienced +that day and wished to convey. He was such a delightful old man, and +it was so dark in the forest... and he had such kind... No, I cant +describe it, she had said, flushed and excited. Prince Andrew smiled +now the same happy smile as then when he had looked into her eyes. I +understood her, he thought. I not only understood her, but it was just +that inner, spiritual force, that sincerity, that frankness of soulthat +very soul of hers which seemed to be fettered by her bodyit was that +soul I loved in her... loved so strongly and happily... and suddenly +he remembered how his love had ended. He did not need anything of that +kind. He neither saw nor understood anything of the sort. He only saw in +her a pretty and fresh young girl, with whom he did not deign to unite +his fate. And I?... and he is still alive and gay! + +Prince Andrew jumped up as if someone had burned him, and again began +pacing up and down in front of the shed. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +On August 25, the eve of the battle of Borodin, M. de Beausset, prefect +of the French Emperors palace, arrived at Napoleons quarters at +Valevo with Colonel Fabvier, the former from Paris and the latter from +Madrid. + +Donning his court uniform, M. de Beausset ordered a box he had +brought for the Emperor to be carried before him and entered the first +compartment of Napoleons tent, where he began opening the box while +conversing with Napoleons aides-de-camp who surrounded him. + +Fabvier, not entering the tent, remained at the entrance talking to some +generals of his acquaintance. + +The Emperor Napoleon had not yet left his bedroom and was finishing his +toilet. Slightly snorting and grunting, he presented now his back and +now his plump hairy chest to the brush with which his valet was rubbing +him down. Another valet, with his finger over the mouth of a bottle, +was sprinkling Eau de Cologne on the Emperors pampered body with an +expression which seemed to say that he alone knew where and how much Eau +de Cologne should be sprinkled. Napoleons short hair was wet and +matted on the forehead, but his face, though puffy and yellow, expressed +physical satisfaction. Go on, harder, go on! he muttered to the valet +who was rubbing him, slightly twitching and grunting. An aide-de-camp, +who had entered the bedroom to report to the Emperor the number of +prisoners taken in yesterdays action, was standing by the door after +delivering his message, awaiting permission to withdraw. Napoleon, +frowning, looked at him from under his brows. + +No prisoners! said he, repeating the aide-de-camps words. They +are forcing us to exterminate them. So much the worse for the Russian +army.... Go on... harder, harder! he muttered, hunching his back and +presenting his fat shoulders. + +All right. Let Monsieur de Beausset enter, and Fabvier too, he said, +nodding to the aide-de-camp. + +Yes, sire, and the aide-de-camp disappeared through the door of the +tent. + +Two valets rapidly dressed His Majesty, and wearing the blue uniform of +the Guards he went with firm quick steps to the reception room. + +De Beaussets hands meanwhile were busily engaged arranging the present +he had brought from the Empress, on two chairs directly in front of the +entrance. But Napoleon had dressed and come out with such unexpected +rapidity that he had not time to finish arranging the surprise. + +Napoleon noticed at once what they were about and guessed that they were +not ready. He did not wish to deprive them of the pleasure of giving him +a surprise, so he pretended not to see de Beausset and called Fabvier to +him, listening silently and with a stern frown to what Fabvier told him +of the heroism and devotion of his troops fighting at Salamanca, at +the other end of Europe, with but one thoughtto be worthy of their +Emperorand but one fearto fail to please him. The result of that +battle had been deplorable. Napoleon made ironic remarks during +Fabviers account, as if he had not expected that matters could go +otherwise in his absence. + +I must make up for that in Moscow, said Napoleon. Ill see you +later, he added, and summoned de Beausset, who by that time had +prepared the surprise, having placed something on the chairs and covered +it with a cloth. + +De Beausset bowed low, with that courtly French bow which only the +old retainers of the Bourbons knew how to make, and approached him, +presenting an envelope. + +Napoleon turned to him gaily and pulled his ear. + +You have hurried here. I am very glad. Well, what is Paris saying? he +asked, suddenly changing his former stern expression for a most cordial +tone. + +Sire, all Paris regrets your absence, replied de Beausset as was +proper. + +But though Napoleon knew that de Beausset had to say something of this +kind, and though in his lucid moments he knew it was untrue, he was +pleased to hear it from him. Again he honored him by touching his ear. + +I am very sorry to have made you travel so far, said he. + +Sire, I expected nothing less than to find you at the gates of Moscow, +replied de Beausset. + +Napoleon smiled and, lifting his head absent-mindedly, glanced to the +right. An aide-de-camp approached with gliding steps and offered him a +gold snuffbox, which he took. + +Yes, it has happened luckily for you, he said, raising the open +snuffbox to his nose. You are fond of travel, and in three days you +will see Moscow. You surely did not expect to see that Asiatic capital. +You will have a pleasant journey. + +De Beausset bowed gratefully at this regard for his taste for travel (of +which he had not till then been aware). + +Ha, whats this? asked Napoleon, noticing that all the courtiers were +looking at something concealed under a cloth. + +With courtly adroitness de Beausset half turned and without turning his +back to the Emperor retired two steps, twitching off the cloth at the +same time, and said + +A present to Your Majesty from the Empress. + +It was a portrait, painted in bright colors by Grard, of the son borne +to Napoleon by the daughter of the Emperor of Austria, the boy whom for +some reason everyone called The King of Rome. + +A very pretty curly-headed boy with a look of the Christ in the Sistine +Madonna was depicted playing at stick and ball. The ball represented the +terrestrial globe and the stick in his other hand a scepter. + +Though it was not clear what the artist meant to express by depicting +the so-called King of Rome spiking the earth with a stick, the allegory +apparently seemed to Napoleon, as it had done to all who had seen it in +Paris, quite clear and very pleasing. + +The King of Rome! he said, pointing to the portrait with a graceful +gesture. Admirable! + +With the natural capacity of an Italian for changing the expression of +his face at will, he drew nearer to the portrait and assumed a look +of pensive tenderness. He felt that what he now said and did would be +historical, and it seemed to him that it would now be best for himwhose +grandeur enabled his son to play stick and ball with the terrestrial +globeto show, in contrast to that grandeur, the simplest paternal +tenderness. His eyes grew dim, he moved forward, glanced round at a +chair (which seemed to place itself under him), and sat down on it +before the portrait. At a single gesture from him everyone went out on +tiptoe, leaving the great man to himself and his emotion. + +Having sat still for a while he touchedhimself not knowing whythe +thick spot of paint representing the highest light in the portrait, +rose, and recalled de Beausset and the officer on duty. He ordered the +portrait to be carried outside his tent, that the Old Guard, stationed +round it, might not be deprived of the pleasure of seeing the King of +Rome, the son and heir of their adored monarch. + +And while he was doing M. de Beausset the honor of breakfasting with +him, they heard, as Napoleon had anticipated, the rapturous cries of the +officers and men of the Old Guard who had run up to see the portrait. + +Vive lEmpereur! Vive le roi de Rome! Vive lEmpereur! came those +ecstatic cries. + +After breakfast Napoleon in de Beaussets presence dictated his order of +the day to the army. + +Short and energetic! he remarked when he had read over the +proclamation which he had dictated straight off without corrections. It +ran + +Soldiers! This is the battle you have so longed for. Victory depends on +you. It is essential for us it will give us all we need comfortable +quarters and a speedy return to our country. Behave as you did at +Austerlitz, Friedland, Vtebsk, and Smolnsk. Let our remotest posterity +recall your achievements this day with pride. Let it be said of each of +you He was in the great battle before Moscow! + +Before Moscow! repeated Napoleon, and inviting M. de Beausset, who was +so fond of travel, to accompany him on his ride, he went out of the tent +to where the horses stood saddled. + +Your Majesty is too kind! replied de Beausset to the invitation to +accompany the Emperor he wanted to sleep, did not know how to ride and +was afraid of doing so. + +But Napoleon nodded to the traveler, and de Beausset had to mount. When +Napoleon came out of the tent the shouting of the Guards before his +sons portrait grew still louder. Napoleon frowned. + +Take him away! he said, pointing with a gracefully majestic gesture to +the portrait. It is too soon for him to see a field of battle. + +De Beausset closed his eyes, bowed his head, and sighed deeply, to +indicate how profoundly he valued and comprehended the Emperors words. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVII + +On the twenty-fifth of August, so his historians tell us, Napoleon spent +the whole day on horseback inspecting the locality, considering plans +submitted to him by his marshals, and personally giving commands to his +generals. + +The original line of the Russian forces along the river Koloch had +been dislocated by the capture of the Shevrdino Redoubt on the +twenty-fourth, and part of the linethe left flankhad been drawn back. +That part of the line was not entrenched and in front of it the ground +was more open and level than elsewhere. It was evident to anyone, +military or not, that it was here the French should attack. It would +seem that not much consideration was needed to reach this conclusion, +nor any particular care or trouble on the part of the Emperor and his +marshals, nor was there any need of that special and supreme quality +called genius that people are so apt to ascribe to Napoleon yet the +historians who described the event later and the men who then surrounded +Napoleon, and he himself, thought otherwise. + +Napoleon rode over the plain and surveyed the locality with a profound +air and in silence, nodded with approval or shook his head dubiously, +and without communicating to the generals around him the profound +course of ideas which guided his decisions merely gave them his final +conclusions in the form of commands. Having listened to a suggestion +from Davout, who was now called Prince dEckmhl, to turn the Russian +left wing, Napoleon said it should not be done, without explaining +why not. To a proposal made by General Campan (who was to attack the +flches) to lead his division through the woods, Napoleon agreed, though +the so-called Duke of Elchingen (Ney) ventured to remark that a movement +through the woods was dangerous and might disorder the division. + +Having inspected the country opposite the Shevrdino Redoubt, Napoleon +pondered a little in silence and then indicated the spots where two +batteries should be set up by the morrow to act against the Russian +entrenchments, and the places where, in line with them, the field +artillery should be placed. + +After giving these and other commands he returned to his tent, and the +dispositions for the battle were written down from his dictation. + +These dispositions, of which the French historians write with enthusiasm +and other historians with profound respect, were as follows + +At dawn the two new batteries established during the night on the +plain occupied by the Prince dEckmhl will open fire on the opposing +batteries of the enemy. + +At the same time the commander of the artillery of the 1st Corps, +General Pernetti, with thirty cannon of Campans division and all the +howitzers of Dessaixs and Friants divisions, will move forward, open +fire, and overwhelm with shellfire the enemys battery, against which +will operate + + 24 guns of the artillery of the Guards + 30 guns of Campans division + + and 8 guns of Friants and Dessaixs divisions + + + in all 62 guns. + +The commander of the artillery of the 3rd Corps, General Fouch, will +place the howitzers of the 3rd and 8th Corps, sixteen in all, on the +flanks of the battery that is to bombard the entrenchment on the left, +which will have forty guns in all directed against it. + +General Sorbier must be ready at the first order to advance with all the +howitzers of the Guards artillery against either one or other of the +entrenchments. + +During the cannonade Prince Poniatowski is to advance through the wood +on the village and turn the enemys position. + +General Campan will move through the wood to seize the first +fortification. + +After the advance has begun in this manner, orders will be given in +accordance with the enemys movements. + +The cannonade on the left flank will begin as soon as the guns of the +right wing are heard. The sharpshooters of Morands division and of +the vice-Kings division will open a heavy fire on seeing the attack +commence on the right wing. + +The vice-King will occupy the village and cross by its three bridges, +advancing to the same heights as Morands and Gibrards divisions, which +under his leadership will be directed against the redoubt and come into +line with the rest of the forces. + +All this must be done in good order (le tout se fera avec ordre et +mthode) as far as possible retaining troops in reserve. + +The Imperial Camp near Mozhysk, + +September, 6, 1812. + + +These dispositions, which are very obscure and confused if one allows +oneself to regard the arrangements without religious awe of his genius, +related to Napoleons orders to deal with four pointsfour different +orders. Not one of these was, or could be, carried out. + +In the disposition it is said first that the batteries placed on the +spot chosen by Napoleon, with the guns of Pernetti and Fouch which +were to come in line with them, 102 guns in all, were to open fire and +shower shells on the Russian flches and redoubts. This could not be +done, as from the spots selected by Napoleon the projectiles did not +carry to the Russian works, and those 102 guns shot into the air until +the nearest commander, contrary to Napoleons instructions, moved them +forward. + +The second order was that Poniatowski, moving to the village through the +wood, should turn the Russian left flank. This could not be done and +was not done, because Poniatowski, advancing on the village through the +wood, met Tchkov there barring his way, and could not and did not turn +the Russian position. + +The third order was General Campan will move through the wood to seize +the first fortification. General Campans division did not seize the +first fortification but was driven back, for on emerging from the wood +it had to reform under grapeshot, of which Napoleon was unaware. + +The fourth order was The vice-King will occupy the village (Borodin) +and cross by its three bridges, advancing to the same heights as +Morands and Grards divisions (for whose movements no directions are +given), which under his leadership will be directed against the redoubt +and come into line with the rest of the forces. + +As far as one can make out, not so much from this unintelligible +sentence as from the attempts the vice-King made to execute the orders +given him, he was to advance from the left through Borodin to the +redoubt while the divisions of Morand and Grard were to advance +simultaneously from the front. + +All this, like the other parts of the disposition, was not and could +not be executed. After passing through Borodin the vice-King was driven +back to the Koloch and could get no farther while the divisions of +Morand and Grard did not take the redoubt but were driven back, and the +redoubt was only taken at the end of the battle by the cavalry (a thing +probably unforeseen and not heard of by Napoleon). So not one of +the orders in the disposition was, or could be, executed. But in the +disposition it is said that, after the fight has commenced in this +manner, orders will be given in accordance with the enemys movements, +and so it might be supposed that all necessary arrangements would be +made by Napoleon during the battle. But this was not and could not be +done, for during the whole battle Napoleon was so far away that, as +appeared later, he could not know the course of the battle and not one +of his orders during the fight could be executed. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVIII + +Many historians say that the French did not win the battle of Borodin +because Napoleon had a cold, and that if he had not had a cold the +orders he gave before and during the battle would have been still more +full of genius and Russia would have been lost and the face of the world +have been changed. To historians who believe that Russia was shaped +by the will of one manPeter the Greatand that France from a republic +became an empire and French armies went to Russia at the will of one +manNapoleonto say that Russia remained a power because Napoleon had a +bad cold on the twenty-fourth of August may seem logical and convincing. + +If it had depended on Napoleons will to fight or not to fight the +battle of Borodin, and if this or that other arrangement depended on +his will, then evidently a cold affecting the manifestation of his will +might have saved Russia, and consequently the valet who omitted to bring +Napoleon his waterproof boots on the twenty-fourth would have been +the savior of Russia. Along that line of thought such a deduction is +indubitable, as indubitable as the deduction Voltaire made in jest +(without knowing what he was jesting at) when he saw that the Massacre +of St. Bartholomew was due to Charles IXs stomach being deranged. But +to men who do not admit that Russia was formed by the will of one man, +Peter I, or that the French Empire was formed and the war with Russia +begun by the will of one man, Napoleon, that argument seems not merely +untrue and irrational, but contrary to all human reality. To the +question of what causes historic events another answer presents itself, +namely, that the course of human events is predetermined from on +highdepends on the coincidence of the wills of all who take part in the +events, and that a Napoleons influence on the course of these events is +purely external and fictitious. + +Strange as at first glance it may seem to suppose that the Massacre of +St. Bartholomew was not due to Charles IXs will, though he gave the +order for it and thought it was done as a result of that order and +strange as it may seem to suppose that the slaughter of eighty thousand +men at Borodin was not due to Napoleons will, though he ordered the +commencement and conduct of the battle and thought it was done +because he ordered it strange as these suppositions appear, yet human +dignitywhich tells me that each of us is, if not more at least not less +a man than the great Napoleondemands the acceptance of that solution of +the question, and historic investigation abundantly confirms it. + +At the battle of Borodin Napoleon shot at no one and killed no one. +That was all done by the soldiers. Therefore it was not he who killed +people. + +The French soldiers went to kill and be killed at the battle of Borodin +not because of Napoleons orders but by their own volition. The whole +armyFrench, Italian, German, Polish, and Dutchhungry, ragged, and +weary of the campaign, felt at the sight of an army blocking their road +to Moscow that the wine was drawn and must be drunk. Had Napoleon then +forbidden them to fight the Russians, they would have killed him and +have proceeded to fight the Russians because it was inevitable. + +When they heard Napoleons proclamation offering them, as compensation +for mutilation and death, the words of posterity about their having been +in the battle before Moscow, they cried Vive lEmpereur! just as they +had cried Vive lEmpereur! at the sight of the portrait of the boy +piercing the terrestrial globe with a toy stick, and just as they would +have cried Vive lEmpereur! at any nonsense that might be told them. +There was nothing left for them to do but cry Vive lEmpereur! and go +to fight, in order to get food and rest as conquerors in Moscow. So it +was not because of Napoleons commands that they killed their fellow +men. + +And it was not Napoleon who directed the course of the battle, for none +of his orders were executed and during the battle he did not know what +was going on before him. So the way in which these people killed one +another was not decided by Napoleons will but occurred independently of +him, in accord with the will of hundreds of thousands of people who took +part in the common action. It only seemed to Napoleon that it all took +place by his will. And so the question whether he had or had not a +cold has no more historic interest than the cold of the least of the +transport soldiers. + +Moreover, the assertion made by various writers that his cold was +the cause of his dispositions not being as well-planned as on former +occasions, and of his orders during the battle not being as good as +previously, is quite baseless, which again shows that Napoleons cold on +the twenty-sixth of August was unimportant. + +The dispositions cited above are not at all worse, but are even +better, than previous dispositions by which he had won victories. His +pseudo-orders during the battle were also no worse than formerly, but +much the same as usual. These dispositions and orders only seem worse +than previous ones because the battle of Borodin was the first Napoleon +did not win. The profoundest and most excellent dispositions and orders +seem very bad, and every learned militarist criticizes them with looks +of importance, when they relate to a battle that has been lost, and the +very worst dispositions and orders seem very good, and serious people +fill whole volumes to demonstrate their merits, when they relate to a +battle that has been won. + +The dispositions drawn up by Weyrother for the battle of Austerlitz were +a model of perfection for that kind of composition, but still they were +criticizedcriticized for their very perfection, for their excessive +minuteness. + +Napoleon at the battle of Borodin fulfilled his office as +representative of authority as well as, and even better than, at other +battles. He did nothing harmful to the progress of the battle he +inclined to the most reasonable opinions, he made no confusion, did not +contradict himself, did not get frightened or run away from the field of +battle, but with his great tact and military experience carried out his +role of appearing to command, calmly and with dignity. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIX + +On returning from a second inspection of the lines, Napoleon remarked + +The chessmen are set up, the game will begin tomorrow! + +Having ordered punch and summoned de Beausset, he began to talk to him +about Paris and about some changes he meant to make in the Empress +household, surprising the prefect by his memory of minute details +relating to the court. + +He showed an interest in trifles, joked about de Beaussets love of +travel, and chatted carelessly, as a famous, self-confident surgeon who +knows his job does when turning up his sleeves and putting on his apron +while a patient is being strapped to the operating table. The matter is +in my hands and is clear and definite in my head. When the time comes to +set to work I shall do it as no one else could, but now I can jest, and +the more I jest and the calmer I am the more tranquil and confident you +ought to be, and the more amazed at my genius. + +Having finished his second glass of punch, Napoleon went to rest before +the serious business which, he considered, awaited him next day. He +was so much interested in that task that he was unable to sleep, and +in spite of his cold which had grown worse from the dampness of the +evening, he went into the large division of the tent at three oclock in +the morning, loudly blowing his nose. He asked whether the Russians had +not withdrawn, and was told that the enemys fires were still in the +same places. He nodded approval. + +The adjutant in attendance came into the tent. + +Well, Rapp, do you think we shall do good business today? Napoleon +asked him. + +Without doubt, sire, replied Rapp. + +Napoleon looked at him. + +Do you remember, sire, what you did me the honor to say at Smolnsk? +continued Rapp. The wine is drawn and must be drunk. + +Napoleon frowned and sat silent for a long time leaning his head on his +hand. + +This poor army! he suddenly remarked. It has diminished greatly since +Smolnsk. Fortune is frankly a courtesan, Rapp. I have always said so +and I am beginning to experience it. But the Guards, Rapp, the Guards +are intact? he remarked interrogatively. + +Yes, sire, replied Rapp. + +Napoleon took a lozenge, put it in his mouth, and glanced at his watch. +He was not sleepy and it was still not nearly morning. It was impossible +to give further orders for the sake of killing time, for the orders had +all been given and were now being executed. + +Have the biscuits and rice been served out to the regiments of the +Guards? asked Napoleon sternly. + +Yes, sire. + +The rice too? + +Rapp replied that he had given the Emperors order about the rice, but +Napoleon shook his head in dissatisfaction as if not believing that +his order had been executed. An attendant came in with punch. Napoleon +ordered another glass to be brought for Rapp, and silently sipped his +own. + +I have neither taste nor smell, he remarked, sniffing at his glass. +This cold is tiresome. They talk about medicinewhat is the good of +medicine when it cant cure a cold! Corvisart gave me these lozenges but +they dont help at all. What can doctors cure? One cant cure anything. +Our body is a machine for living. It is organized for that, it is its +nature. Let life go on in it unhindered and let it defend itself, it +will do more than if you paralyze it by encumbering it with remedies. +Our body is like a perfect watch that should go for a certain time the +watchmaker cannot open it, he can only adjust it by fumbling, and that +blindfold.... Yes, our body is just a machine for living, that is all. + +And having entered on the path of definition, of which he was fond, +Napoleon suddenly and unexpectedly gave a new one. + +Do you know, Rapp, what military art is? asked he. It is the art of +being stronger than the enemy at a given moment. Thats all. + +Rapp made no reply. + +Tomorrow we shall have to deal with Kutzov! said Napoleon. We shall +see! Do you remember at Braunau he commanded an army for three weeks +and did not once mount a horse to inspect his entrenchments.... We shall +see! + +He looked at his watch. It was still only four oclock. He did not feel +sleepy. The punch was finished and there was still nothing to do. He +rose, walked to and fro, put on a warm overcoat and a hat, and went +out of the tent. The night was dark and damp, a scarcely perceptible +moisture was descending from above. Near by, the campfires were dimly +burning among the French Guards, and in the distance those of the +Russian line shone through the smoke. The weather was calm, and the +rustle and tramp of the French troops already beginning to move to take +up their positions were clearly audible. + +Napoleon walked about in front of his tent, looked at the fires and +listened to these sounds, and as he was passing a tall guardsman in +a shaggy cap, who was standing sentinel before his tent and had drawn +himself up like a black pillar at sight of the Emperor, Napoleon stopped +in front of him. + +What year did you enter the service? he asked with that affectation +of military bluntness and geniality with which he always addressed the +soldiers. + +The man answered the question. + +Ah! One of the old ones! Has your regiment had its rice? + +It has, Your Majesty. + +Napoleon nodded and walked away. + + +At half-past five Napoleon rode to the village of Shevrdino. + +It was growing light, the sky was clearing, only a single cloud lay in +the east. The abandoned campfires were burning themselves out in the +faint morning light. + +On the right a single deep report of a cannon resounded and died away in +the prevailing silence. Some minutes passed. A second and a third report +shook the air, then a fourth and a fifth boomed solemnly near by on the +right. + +The first shots had not yet ceased to reverberate before others rang out +and yet more were heard mingling with and overtaking one another. + +Napoleon with his suite rode up to the Shevrdino Redoubt where he +dismounted. The game had begun. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXX + +On returning to Grki after having seen Prince Andrew, Pierre ordered +his groom to get the horses ready and to call him early in the morning, +and then immediately fell asleep behind a partition in a corner Bors +had given up to him. + +Before he was thoroughly awake next morning everybody had already left +the hut. The panes were rattling in the little windows and his groom was +shaking him. + +Your excellency! Your excellency! Your excellency! he kept repeating +pertinaciously while he shook Pierre by the shoulder without looking at +him, having apparently lost hope of getting him to wake up. + +What? Has it begun? Is it time? Pierre asked, waking up. + +Hear the firing, said the groom, a discharged soldier. All the +gentlemen have gone out, and his Serene Highness himself rode past long +ago. + +Pierre dressed hastily and ran out to the porch. Outside all was bright, +fresh, dewy, and cheerful. The sun, just bursting forth from behind a +cloud that had concealed it, was shining, with rays still half broken +by the clouds, over the roofs of the street opposite, on the +dew-besprinkled dust of the road, on the walls of the houses, on the +windows, the fence, and on Pierres horses standing before the hut. The +roar of guns sounded more distinct outside. An adjutant accompanied by a +Cossack passed by at a sharp trot. + +Its time, Count its time! cried the adjutant. + +Telling the groom to follow him with the horses, Pierre went down the +street to the knoll from which he had looked at the field of battle the +day before. A crowd of military men was assembled there, members of the +staff could be heard conversing in French, and Kutzovs gray head in +a white cap with a red band was visible, his gray nape sunk between his +shoulders. He was looking through a field glass down the highroad before +him. + +Mounting the steps to the knoll Pierre looked at the scene before him, +spellbound by beauty. It was the same panorama he had admired from that +spot the day before, but now the whole place was full of troops and +covered by smoke clouds from the guns, and the slanting rays of the +bright sun, rising slightly to the left behind Pierre, cast upon it +through the clear morning air penetrating streaks of rosy, golden-tinted +light and long dark shadows. The forest at the farthest extremity of +the panorama seemed carved in some precious stone of a yellowish-green +color its undulating outline was silhouetted against the horizon and +was pierced beyond Valevo by the Smolnsk highroad crowded with troops. +Nearer at hand glittered golden cornfields interspersed with copses. +There were troops to be seen everywhere, in front and to the right and +left. All this was vivid, majestic, and unexpected but what impressed +Pierre most of all was the view of the battlefield itself, of Borodin +and the hollows on both sides of the Koloch. + +Above the Koloch, in Borodin and on both sides of it, especially to +the left where the Vyna flowing between its marshy banks falls into +the Koloch, a mist had spread which seemed to melt, to dissolve, and to +become translucent when the brilliant sun appeared and magically colored +and outlined everything. The smoke of the guns mingled with this mist, +and over the whole expanse and through that mist the rays of the morning +sun were reflected, flashing back like lightning from the water, from +the dew, and from the bayonets of the troops crowded together by the +riverbanks and in Borodin. A white church could be seen through the +mist, and here and there the roofs of huts in Borodin as well as dense +masses of soldiers, or green ammunition chests and ordnance. And all +this moved, or seemed to move, as the smoke and mist spread out over +the whole space. Just as in the mist-enveloped hollow near Borodin, so +along the entire line outside and above it and especially in the woods +and fields to the left, in the valleys and on the summits of the high +ground, clouds of powder smoke seemed continually to spring up out of +nothing, now singly, now several at a time, some translucent, others +dense, which, swelling, growing, rolling, and blending, extended over +the whole expanse. + +These puffs of smoke and (strange to say) the sound of the firing +produced the chief beauty of the spectacle. + +Puff!suddenly a round compact cloud of smoke was seen merging from +violet into gray and milky white, and boom! came the report a second +later. + +Puff! puff!and two clouds arose pushing one another and blending +together and boom, boom! came the sounds confirming what the eye had +seen. + +Pierre glanced round at the first cloud, which he had seen as a round +compact ball, and in its place already were balloons of smoke floating +to one side, andpuff (with a pause)puff, puff! three and then four +more appeared and then from each, with the same intervalboomboom, +boom! came the fine, firm, precise sounds in reply. It seemed as if +those smoke clouds sometimes ran and sometimes stood still while woods, +fields, and glittering bayonets ran past them. From the left, over +fields and bushes, those large balls of smoke were continually appearing +followed by their solemn reports, while nearer still, in the hollows and +woods, there burst from the muskets small cloudlets that had no time +to become balls, but had their little echoes in just the same way. +Trakh-ta-ta-takh! came the frequent crackle of musketry, but it was +irregular and feeble in comparison with the reports of the cannon. + +Pierre wished to be there with that smoke, those shining bayonets, that +movement, and those sounds. He turned to look at Kutzov and his suite, +to compare his impressions with those of others. They were all looking +at the field of battle as he was, and, as it seemed to him, with the +same feelings. All their faces were now shining with that latent warmth +of feeling Pierre had noticed the day before and had fully understood +after his talk with Prince Andrew. + +Go, my dear fellow, go... and Christ be with you! Kutzov was +saying to a general who stood beside him, not taking his eye from the +battlefield. + +Having received this order the general passed by Pierre on his way down +the knoll. + +To the crossing! said the general coldly and sternly in reply to one +of the staff who asked where he was going. + +Ill go there too, I too! thought Pierre, and followed the general. + +The general mounted a horse a Cossack had brought him. Pierre went to +his groom who was holding his horses and, asking which was the quietest, +clambered onto it, seized it by the mane, and turning out his toes +pressed his heels against its sides and, feeling that his spectacles +were slipping off but unable to let go of the mane and reins, he +galloped after the general, causing the staff officers to smile as they +watched him from the knoll. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXI + +Having descended the hill the general after whom Pierre was galloping +turned sharply to the left, and Pierre, losing sight of him, galloped +in among some ranks of infantry marching ahead of him. He tried to pass +either in front of them or to the right or left, but there were soldiers +everywhere, all with the same preoccupied expression and busy with +some unseen but evidently important task. They all gazed with the same +dissatisfied and inquiring expression at this stout man in a white hat, +who for some unknown reason threatened to trample them under his horses +hoofs. + +Why ride into the middle of the battalion? one of them shouted at him. + +Another prodded his horse with the butt end of a musket, and Pierre, +bending over his saddlebow and hardly able to control his shying horse, +galloped ahead of the soldiers where there was a free space. + +There was a bridge ahead of him, where other soldiers stood firing. +Pierre rode up to them. Without being aware of it he had come to the +bridge across the Koloch between Grki and Borodin, which the French +(having occupied Borodin) were attacking in the first phase of the +battle. Pierre saw that there was a bridge in front of him and that +soldiers were doing something on both sides of it and in the meadow, +among the rows of new-mown hay which he had taken no notice of amid the +smoke of the campfires the day before but despite the incessant firing +going on there he had no idea that this was the field of battle. He did +not notice the sound of the bullets whistling from every side, or the +projectiles that flew over him, did not see the enemy on the other side +of the river, and for a long time did not notice the killed and wounded, +though many fell near him. He looked about him with a smile which did +not leave his face. + +Whys that fellow in front of the line? shouted somebody at him again. + +To the left!... Keep to the right! the men shouted to him. + +Pierre went to the right, and unexpectedly encountered one of Ravskis +adjutants whom he knew. The adjutant looked angrily at him, evidently +also intending to shout at him, but on recognizing him he nodded. + +How have you got here? he said, and galloped on. + +Pierre, feeling out of place there, having nothing to do, and afraid of +getting in someones way again, galloped after the adjutant. + +Whats happening here? May I come with you? he asked. + +One moment, one moment! replied the adjutant, and riding up to a stout +colonel who was standing in the meadow, he gave him some message and +then addressed Pierre. + +Why have you come here, Count? he asked with a smile. Still +inquisitive? + +Yes, yes, assented Pierre. + +But the adjutant turned his horse about and rode on. + +Here its tolerable, said he, but with Bagratin on the left flank +theyre getting it frightfully hot. + +Really? said Pierre. Where is that? + +Come along with me to our knoll. We can get a view from there and in +our battery it is still bearable, said the adjutant. Will you come? + +Yes, Ill come with you, replied Pierre, looking round for his groom. + +It was only now that he noticed wounded men staggering along or being +carried on stretchers. On that very meadow he had ridden over the day +before, a soldier was lying athwart the rows of scented hay, with his +head thrown awkwardly back and his shako off. + +Why havent they carried him away? Pierre was about to ask, but seeing +the stern expression of the adjutant who was also looking that way, he +checked himself. + +Pierre did not find his groom and rode along the hollow with the +adjutant to Ravskis Redoubt. His horse lagged behind the adjutants +and jolted him at every step. + +You dont seem to be used to riding, Count? remarked the adjutant. + +No its not that, but her action seems so jerky, said Pierre in a +puzzled tone. + +Why... shes wounded! said the adjutant. In the off foreleg above the +knee. A bullet, no doubt. I congratulate you, Count, on your baptism of +fire! + +Having ridden in the smoke past the Sixth Corps, behind the artillery +which had been moved forward and was in action, deafening them with the +noise of firing, they came to a small wood. There it was cool and quiet, +with a scent of autumn. Pierre and the adjutant dismounted and walked up +the hill on foot. + +Is the general here? asked the adjutant on reaching the knoll. + +He was here a minute ago but has just gone that way, someone told him, +pointing to the right. + +The adjutant looked at Pierre as if puzzled what to do with him now. + +Dont trouble about me, said Pierre. Ill go up onto the knoll if I +may? + +Yes, do. Youll see everything from there and its less dangerous, and +Ill come for you. + +Pierre went to the battery and the adjutant rode on. They did not meet +again, and only much later did Pierre learn that he lost an arm that +day. + +The knoll to which Pierre ascended was that famous one afterwards known +to the Russians as the Knoll Battery or Ravskis Redoubt, and to the +French as la grande redoute, la fatale redoute, la redoute du centre, +around which tens of thousands fell, and which the French regarded as +the key to the whole position. + +This redoubt consisted of a knoll, on three sides of which trenches had +been dug. Within the entrenchment stood ten guns that were being fired +through openings in the earthwork. + +In line with the knoll on both sides stood other guns which also fired +incessantly. A little behind the guns stood infantry. When ascending +that knoll Pierre had no notion that this spot, on which small trenches +had been dug and from which a few guns were firing, was the most +important point of the battle. + +On the contrary, just because he happened to be there he thought it one +of the least significant parts of the field. + +Having reached the knoll, Pierre sat down at one end of a trench +surrounding the battery and gazed at what was going on around him with +an unconsciously happy smile. Occasionally he rose and walked about the +battery still with that same smile, trying not to obstruct the soldiers +who were loading, hauling the guns, and continually running past +him with bags and charges. The guns of that battery were being fired +continually one after another with a deafening roar, enveloping the +whole neighborhood in powder smoke. + +In contrast with the dread felt by the infantrymen placed in support, +here in the battery where a small number of men busy at their work were +separated from the rest by a trench, everyone experienced a common and +as it were family feeling of animation. + +The intrusion of Pierres nonmilitary figure in a white hat made an +unpleasant impression at first. The soldiers looked askance at him with +surprise and even alarm as they went past him. The senior artillery +officer, a tall, long-legged, pockmarked man, moved over to Pierre as if +to see the action of the farthest gun and looked at him with curiosity. + +A young round-faced officer, quite a boy still and evidently only just +out of the Cadet College, who was zealously commanding the two guns +entrusted to him, addressed Pierre sternly. + +Sir, he said, permit me to ask you to stand aside. You must not be +here. + +The soldiers shook their heads disapprovingly as they looked at Pierre. +But when they had convinced themselves that this man in the white hat +was doing no harm, but either sat quietly on the slope of the trench +with a shy smile or, politely making way for the soldiers, paced up +and down the battery under fire as calmly as if he were on a boulevard, +their feeling of hostile distrust gradually began to change into a +kindly and bantering sympathy, such as soldiers feel for their dogs, +cocks, goats, and in general for the animals that live with the +regiment. The men soon accepted Pierre into their family, adopted him, +gave him a nickname (our gentleman), and made kindly fun of him among +themselves. + +A shell tore up the earth two paces from Pierre and he looked around +with a smile as he brushed from his clothes some earth it had thrown up. + +And hows it youre not afraid, sir, really now? a red-faced, +broad-shouldered soldier asked Pierre, with a grin that disclosed a set +of sound, white teeth. + +Are you afraid, then? said Pierre. + +What else do you expect? answered the soldier. She has no mercy, you +know! When she comes spluttering down, out go your innards. One cant +help being afraid, he said laughing. + +Several of the men, with bright kindly faces, stopped beside Pierre. +They seemed not to have expected him to talk like anybody else, and the +discovery that he did so delighted them. + +Its the business of us soldiers. But in a gentleman its wonderful! +Theres a gentleman for you! + +To your places! cried the young officer to the men gathered round +Pierre. + +The young officer was evidently exercising his duties for the first or +second time and therefore treated both his superiors and the men with +great precision and formality. + +The booming cannonade and the fusillade of musketry were growing more +intense over the whole field, especially to the left where Bagratins +flches were, but where Pierre was the smoke of the firing made it +almost impossible to distinguish anything. Moreover, his whole +attention was engrossed by watching the family circleseparated from all +elseformed by the men in the battery. His first unconscious feeling of +joyful animation produced by the sights and sounds of the battlefield +was now replaced by another, especially since he had seen that soldier +lying alone in the hayfield. Now, seated on the slope of the trench, he +observed the faces of those around him. + +By ten oclock some twenty men had already been carried away from the +battery two guns were smashed and cannon balls fell more and more +frequently on the battery and spent bullets buzzed and whistled around. +But the men in the battery seemed not to notice this, and merry voices +and jokes were heard on all sides. + +A live one! shouted a man as a whistling shell approached. + +Not this way! To the infantry! added another with loud laughter, +seeing the shell fly past and fall into the ranks of the supports. + +Are you bowing to a friend, eh? remarked another, chaffing a peasant +who ducked low as a cannon ball flew over. + +Several soldiers gathered by the wall of the trench, looking out to see +what was happening in front. + +Theyve withdrawn the front line, it has retired, said they, pointing +over the earthwork. + +Mind your own business, an old sergeant shouted at them. If theyve +retired its because theres work for them to do farther back. + +And the sergeant, taking one of the men by the shoulders, gave him a +shove with his knee. This was followed by a burst of laughter. + +To the fifth gun, wheel it up! came shouts from one side. + +Now then, all together, like bargees! rose the merry voices of those +who were moving the gun. + +Oh, she nearly knocked our gentlemans hat off! cried the red-faced +humorist, showing his teeth chaffing Pierre. Awkward baggage! he added +reproachfully to a cannon ball that struck a cannon wheel and a mans +leg. + +Now then, you foxes! said another, laughing at some militiamen who, +stooping low, entered the battery to carry away the wounded man. + +So this gruel isnt to your taste? Oh, you crows! Youre scared! they +shouted at the militiamen who stood hesitating before the man whose leg +had been torn off. + +There, lads... oh, oh! they mimicked the peasants, they dont like it +at all! + +Pierre noticed that after every ball that hit the redoubt, and after +every loss, the liveliness increased more and more. + +As the flames of the fire hidden within come more and more vividly and +rapidly from an approaching thundercloud, so, as if in opposition to +what was taking place, the lightning of hidden fire growing more and +more intense glowed in the faces of these men. + +Pierre did not look out at the battlefield and was not concerned to know +what was happening there he was entirely absorbed in watching this fire +which burned ever more brightly and which he felt was flaming up in the +same way in his own soul. + +At ten oclock the infantry that had been among the bushes in front of +the battery and along the Kmenka streamlet retreated. From the battery +they could be seen running back past it carrying their wounded on +their muskets. A general with his suite came to the battery, and after +speaking to the colonel gave Pierre an angry look and went away again +having ordered the infantry supports behind the battery to lie down, +so as to be less exposed to fire. After this from amid the ranks of +infantry to the right of the battery came the sound of a drum and shouts +of command, and from the battery one saw how those ranks of infantry +moved forward. + +Pierre looked over the wall of the trench and was particularly struck +by a pale young officer who, letting his sword hang down, was walking +backwards and kept glancing uneasily around. + +The ranks of the infantry disappeared amid the smoke but their +long-drawn shout and rapid musketry firing could still be heard. A few +minutes later crowds of wounded men and stretcher-bearers came back from +that direction. Projectiles began to fall still more frequently in the +battery. Several men were lying about who had not been removed. Around +the cannon the men moved still more briskly and busily. No one any +longer took notice of Pierre. Once or twice he was shouted at for being +in the way. The senior officer moved with big, rapid strides from one +gun to another with a frowning face. The young officer, with his face +still more flushed, commanded the men more scrupulously than ever. The +soldiers handed up the charges, turned, loaded, and did their business +with strained smartness. They gave little jumps as they walked, as +though they were on springs. + +The stormcloud had come upon them, and in every face the fire which +Pierre had watched kindle burned up brightly. Pierre standing beside the +commanding officer. The young officer, his hand to his shako, ran up to +his superior. + +I have the honor to report, sir, that only eight rounds are left. Are +we to continue firing? he asked. + +Grapeshot! the senior shouted, without answering the question, looking +over the wall of the trench. + +Suddenly something happened the young officer gave a gasp and bending +double sat down on the ground like a bird shot on the wing. Everything +became strange, confused, and misty in Pierres eyes. + +One cannon ball after another whistled by and struck the earthwork, a +soldier, or a gun. Pierre, who had not noticed these sounds before, +now heard nothing else. On the right of the battery soldiers shouting +Hurrah! were running not forwards but backwards, it seemed to Pierre. + +A cannon ball struck the very end of the earth work by which he was +standing, crumbling down the earth a black ball flashed before his eyes +and at the same instant plumped into something. Some militiamen who were +entering the battery ran back. + +All with grapeshot! shouted the officer. + +The sergeant ran up to the officer and in a frightened whisper informed +him (as a butler at dinner informs his master that there is no more of +some wine asked for) that there were no more charges. + +The scoundrels! What are they doing? shouted the officer, turning to +Pierre. + +The officers face was red and perspiring and his eyes glittered under +his frowning brow. + +Run to the reserves and bring up the ammunition boxes! he yelled, +angrily avoiding Pierre with his eyes and speaking to his men. + +Ill go, said Pierre. + +The officer, without answering him, strode across to the opposite side. + +Dont fire.... Wait! he shouted. + +The man who had been ordered to go for ammunition stumbled against +Pierre. + +Eh, sir, this is no place for you, said he, and ran down the slope. + +Pierre ran after him, avoiding the spot where the young officer was +sitting. + +One cannon ball, another, and a third flew over him, falling in front, +beside, and behind him. Pierre ran down the slope. Where am I going? +he suddenly asked himself when he was already near the green ammunition +wagons. He halted irresolutely, not knowing whether to return or go on. +Suddenly a terrible concussion threw him backwards to the ground. At the +same instant he was dazzled by a great flash of flame, and immediately a +deafening roar, crackling, and whistling made his ears tingle. + +When he came to himself he was sitting on the ground leaning on his +hands the ammunition wagons he had been approaching no longer existed, +only charred green boards and rags littered the scorched grass, and a +horse, dangling fragments of its shaft behind it, galloped past, while +another horse lay, like Pierre, on the ground, uttering prolonged and +piercing cries. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXII + +Beside himself with terror Pierre jumped up and ran back to the battery, +as to the only refuge from the horrors that surrounded him. + +On entering the earthwork he noticed that there were men doing something +there but that no shots were being fired from the battery. He had no +time to realize who these men were. He saw the senior officer lying on +the earth wall with his back turned as if he were examining something +down below and that one of the soldiers he had noticed before was +struggling forward shouting Brothers! and trying to free himself from +some men who were holding him by the arm. He also saw something else +that was strange. + +But he had not time to realize that the colonel had been killed, that +the soldier shouting Brothers! was a prisoner, and that another man +had been bayoneted in the back before his eyes, for hardly had he run +into the redoubt before a thin, sallow-faced, perspiring man in a blue +uniform rushed on him sword in hand, shouting something. Instinctively +guarding against the shockfor they had been running together at full +speed before they saw one anotherPierre put out his hands and seized +the man (a French officer) by the shoulder with one hand and by the +throat with the other. The officer, dropping his sword, seized Pierre by +his collar. + +For some seconds they gazed with frightened eyes at one anothers +unfamiliar faces and both were perplexed at what they had done and +what they were to do next. Am I taken prisoner or have I taken him +prisoner? each was thinking. But the French officer was evidently more +inclined to think he had been taken prisoner because Pierres strong +hand, impelled by instinctive fear, squeezed his throat ever tighter and +tighter. The Frenchman was about to say something, when just above their +heads, terrible and low, a cannon ball whistled, and it seemed to Pierre +that the French officers head had been torn off, so swiftly had he +ducked it. + +Pierre too bent his head and let his hands fall. Without further thought +as to who had taken whom prisoner, the Frenchman ran back to the battery +and Pierre ran down the slope stumbling over the dead and wounded who, +it seemed to him, caught at his feet. But before he reached the foot +of the knoll he was met by a dense crowd of Russian soldiers who, +stumbling, tripping up, and shouting, ran merrily and wildly toward +the battery. (This was the attack for which Ermlov claimed the credit, +declaring that only his courage and good luck made such a feat possible +it was the attack in which he was said to have thrown some St. Georges +Crosses he had in his pocket into the battery for the first soldiers to +take who got there.) + +The French who had occupied the battery fled, and our troops shouting +Hurrah! pursued them so far beyond the battery that it was difficult +to call them back. + +The prisoners were brought down from the battery and among them was +a wounded French general, whom the officers surrounded. Crowds of +woundedsome known to Pierre and some unknownRussians and French, +with faces distorted by suffering, walked, crawled, and were carried on +stretchers from the battery. Pierre again went up onto the knoll where +he had spent over an hour, and of that family circle which had received +him as a member he did not find a single one. There were many dead whom +he did not know, but some he recognized. The young officer still sat in +the same way, bent double, in a pool of blood at the edge of the earth +wall. The red-faced man was still twitching, but they did not carry him +away. + +Pierre ran down the slope once more. + +Now they will stop it, now they will be horrified at what they have +done! he thought, aimlessly going toward a crowd of stretcher bearers +moving from the battlefield. + +But behind the veil of smoke the sun was still high, and in front and +especially to the left, near Semnovsk, something seemed to be seething +in the smoke, and the roar of cannon and musketry did not diminish, but +even increased to desperation like a man who, straining himself, shrieks +with all his remaining strength. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIII + +The chief action of the battle of Borodin was fought within the seven +thousand feet between Borodin and Bagratins flches. Beyond that +space there was, on the one side, a demonstration made by the Russians +with Uvrovs cavalry at midday, and on the other side, beyond Uttsa, +Poniatowskis collision with Tchkov but these two were detached and +feeble actions in comparison with what took place in the center of the +battlefield. On the field between Borodin and the flches, beside the +wood, the chief action of the day took place on an open space visible +from both sides and was fought in the simplest and most artless way. + +The battle began on both sides with a cannonade from several hundred +guns. + +Then when the whole field was covered with smoke, two divisions, +Campans and Dessaixs, advanced from the French right, while Murats +troops advanced on Borodin from their left. + +From the Shevrdino Redoubt where Napoleon was standing the flches were +two thirds of a mile away, and it was more than a mile as the crow flies +to Borodin, so that Napoleon could not see what was happening there, +especially as the smoke mingling with the mist hid the whole locality. +The soldiers of Dessaixs division advancing against the flches could +only be seen till they had entered the hollow that lay between them and +the flches. As soon as they had descended into that hollow, the smoke +of the guns and musketry on the flches grew so dense that it covered +the whole approach on that side of it. Through the smoke glimpses could +be caught of something blackprobably menand at times the glint of +bayonets. But whether they were moving or stationary, whether they were +French or Russian, could not be discovered from the Shevrdino Redoubt. + +The sun had risen brightly and its slanting rays struck straight into +Napoleons face as, shading his eyes with his hand, he looked at the +flches. The smoke spread out before them, and at times it looked as if +the smoke were moving, at times as if the troops moved. Sometimes shouts +were heard through the firing, but it was impossible to tell what was +being done there. + +Napoleon, standing on the knoll, looked through a field glass, and in +its small circlet saw smoke and men, sometimes his own and sometimes +Russians, but when he looked again with the naked eye, he could not tell +where what he had seen was. + +He descended the knoll and began walking up and down before it. + +Occasionally he stopped, listened to the firing, and gazed intently at +the battlefield. + +But not only was it impossible to make out what was happening from where +he was standing down below, or from the knoll above on which some of his +generals had taken their stand, but even from the flches themselvesin +which by this time there were now Russian and now French soldiers, +alternately or together, dead, wounded, alive, frightened, or +maddenedeven at those flches themselves it was impossible to make out +what was taking place. There for several hours amid incessant cannon and +musketry fire, now Russians were seen alone, now Frenchmen alone, now +infantry, and now cavalry they appeared, fired, fell, collided, not +knowing what to do with one another, screamed, and ran back again. + +From the battlefield adjutants he had sent out, and orderlies from his +marshals, kept galloping up to Napoleon with reports of the progress +of the action, but all these reports were false, both because it was +impossible in the heat of battle to say what was happening at any given +moment and because many of the adjutants did not go to the actual place +of conflict but reported what they had heard from others and also +because while an adjutant was riding more than a mile to Napoleon +circumstances changed and the news he brought was already becoming +false. Thus an adjutant galloped up from Murat with tidings that +Borodin had been occupied and the bridge over the Koloch was in the +hands of the French. The adjutant asked whether Napoleon wished the +troops to cross it? Napoleon gave orders that the troops should form up +on the farther side and wait. But before that order was givenalmost +as soon in fact as the adjutant had left Borodinthe bridge had been +retaken by the Russians and burned, in the very skirmish at which Pierre +had been present at the beginning of the battle. + +An adjutant galloped up from the flches with a pale and frightened face +and reported to Napoleon that their attack had been repulsed, Campan +wounded, and Davout killed yet at the very time the adjutant had been +told that the French had been repulsed, the flches had in fact been +recaptured by other French troops, and Davout was alive and only +slightly bruised. On the basis of these necessarily untrustworthy +reports Napoleon gave his orders, which had either been executed before +he gave them or could not be and were not executed. + +The marshals and generals, who were nearer to the field of battle +but, like Napoleon, did not take part in the actual fighting and only +occasionally went within musket range, made their own arrangements +without asking Napoleon and issued orders where and in what direction to +fire and where cavalry should gallop and infantry should run. But even +their orders, like Napoleons, were seldom carried out, and then but +partially. For the most part things happened contrary to their orders. +Soldiers ordered to advance ran back on meeting grapeshot soldiers +ordered to remain where they were, suddenly, seeing Russians +unexpectedly before them, sometimes rushed back and sometimes forward, +and the cavalry dashed without orders in pursuit of the flying Russians. +In this way two cavalry regiments galloped through the Semnovsk hollow +and as soon as they reached the top of the incline turned round and +galloped full speed back again. The infantry moved in the same way, +sometimes running to quite other places than those they were ordered to +go to. All orders as to where and when to move the guns, when to send +infantry to shoot or horsemen to ride down the Russian infantryall +such orders were given by the officers on the spot nearest to the +units concerned, without asking either Ney, Davout, or Murat, much less +Napoleon. They did not fear getting into trouble for not fulfilling +orders or for acting on their own initiative, for in battle what is at +stake is what is dearest to manhis own lifeand it sometimes seems that +safety lies in running back, sometimes in running forward and these men +who were right in the heat of the battle acted according to the mood +of the moment. In reality, however, all these movements forward and +backward did not improve or alter the position of the troops. All +their rushing and galloping at one another did little harm, the harm of +disablement and death was caused by the balls and bullets that flew over +the fields on which these men were floundering about. As soon as they +left the place where the balls and bullets were flying about, their +superiors, located in the background, re-formed them and brought them +under discipline and under the influence of that discipline led them +back to the zone of fire, where under the influence of fear of death +they lost their discipline and rushed about according to the chance +promptings of the throng. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIV + +Napoleons generalsDavout, Ney, and Murat, who were near that region of +fire and sometimes even entered itrepeatedly led into it huge masses of +well-ordered troops. But contrary to what had always happened in their +former battles, instead of the news they expected of the enemys flight, +these orderly masses returned thence as disorganized and terrified mobs. +The generals re-formed them, but their numbers constantly decreased. +In the middle of the day Murat sent his adjutant to Napoleon to demand +reinforcements. + +Napoleon sat at the foot of the knoll, drinking punch, when Murats +adjutant galloped up with an assurance that the Russians would be routed +if His Majesty would let him have another division. + +Reinforcements? said Napoleon in a tone of stern surprise, looking at +the adjutanta handsome lad with long black curls arranged like Murats +ownas though he did not understand his words. + +Reinforcements! thought Napoleon to himself. How can they need +reinforcements when they already have half the army directed against a +weak, unentrenched Russian wing? + +Tell the King of Naples, said he sternly, that it is not noon yet, +and I dont yet see my chessboard clearly. Go!... + +The handsome boy adjutant with the long hair sighed deeply without +removing his hand from his hat and galloped back to where men were being +slaughtered. + +Napoleon rose and having summoned Caulaincourt and Berthier began +talking to them about matters unconnected with the battle. + +In the midst of this conversation, which was beginning to interest +Napoleon, Berthiers eyes turned to look at a general with a suite, who +was galloping toward the knoll on a lathering horse. It was Belliard. +Having dismounted he went up to the Emperor with rapid strides and in +a loud voice began boldly demonstrating the necessity of sending +reinforcements. He swore on his honor that the Russians were lost if the +Emperor would give another division. + +Napoleon shrugged his shoulders and continued to pace up and down +without replying. Belliard began talking loudly and eagerly to the +generals of the suite around him. + +You are very fiery, Belliard, said Napoleon, when he again came up to +the general. In the heat of a battle it is easy to make a mistake. Go +and have another look and then come back to me. + +Before Belliard was out of sight, a messenger from another part of the +battlefield galloped up. + +Now then, what do you want? asked Napoleon in the tone of a man +irritated at being continually disturbed. + +Sire, the prince... began the adjutant. + +Asks for reinforcements? said Napoleon with an angry gesture. + +The adjutant bent his head affirmatively and began to report, but the +Emperor turned from him, took a couple of steps, stopped, came back, and +called Berthier. + +We must give reserves, he said, moving his arms slightly apart. +Who do you think should be sent there? he asked of Berthier (whom he +subsequently termed that gosling I have made an eagle). + +Send Clapardes division, sire, replied Berthier, who knew all the +divisions regiments, and battalions by heart. + +Napoleon nodded assent. + +The adjutant galloped to Clapardes division and a few minutes later +the Young Guards stationed behind the knoll moved forward. Napoleon +gazed silently in that direction. + +No! he suddenly said to Berthier. I cant send Claparde. Send +Friants division. + +Though there was no advantage in sending Friants division instead of +Clapardes, and even an obvious inconvenience and delay in stopping +Claparde and sending Friant now, the order was carried out exactly. +Napoleon did not notice that in regard to his army he was playing +the part of a doctor who hinders by his medicinesa role he so justly +understood and condemned. + +Friants division disappeared as the others had done into the smoke +of the battlefield. From all sides adjutants continued to arrive at a +gallop and as if by agreement all said the same thing. They all asked +for reinforcements and all said that the Russians were holding their +positions and maintaining a hellish fire under which the French army was +melting away. + +Napoleon sat on a campstool, wrapped in thought. + +M. de Beausset, the man so fond of travel, having fasted since morning, +came up to the Emperor and ventured respectfully to suggest lunch to His +Majesty. + +I hope I may now congratulate Your Majesty on a victory? said he. + +Napoleon silently shook his head in negation. Assuming the negation to +refer only to the victory and not to the lunch, M. de Beausset ventured +with respectful jocularity to remark that there is no reason for not +having lunch when one can get it. + +Go away... exclaimed Napoleon suddenly and morosely, and turned aside. + +A beatific smile of regret, repentance, and ecstasy beamed on M. de +Beaussets face and he glided away to the other generals. + +Napoleon was experiencing a feeling of depression like that of an +ever-lucky gambler who, after recklessly flinging money about and always +winning, suddenly just when he has calculated all the chances of the +game, finds that the more he considers his play the more surely he +loses. + +His troops were the same, his generals the same, the same preparations +had been made, the same dispositions, and the same proclamation courte +et nergique, he himself was still the same he knew that and knew that +he was now even more experienced and skillful than before. Even the +enemy was the same as at Austerlitz and Friedlandyet the terrible +stroke of his arm had supernaturally become impotent. + +All the old methods that had been unfailingly crowned with success the +concentration of batteries on one point, an attack by reserves to break +the enemys line, and a cavalry attack by the men of iron, all these +methods had already been employed, yet not only was there no victory, +but from all sides came the same news of generals killed and wounded, +of reinforcements needed, of the impossibility of driving back the +Russians, and of disorganization among his own troops. + +Formerly, after he had given two or three orders and uttered a +few phrases, marshals and adjutants had come galloping up with +congratulations and happy faces, announcing the trophies taken, the +corps of prisoners, bundles of enemy eagles and standards, cannon and +stores, and Murat had only begged leave to loose the cavalry to gather +in the baggage wagons. So it had been at Lodi, Marengo, Arcola, Jena, +Austerlitz, Wagram, and so on. But now something strange was happening +to his troops. + +Despite news of the capture of the flches, Napoleon saw that this was +not the same, not at all the same, as what had happened in his former +battles. He saw that what he was feeling was felt by all the men about +him experienced in the art of war. All their faces looked dejected, and +they all shunned one anothers eyesonly a de Beausset could fail to +grasp the meaning of what was happening. + +But Napoleon with his long experience of war well knew the meaning of +a battle not gained by the attacking side in eight hours, after all +efforts had been expended. He knew that it was a lost battle and that +the least accident might nowwith the fight balanced on such a strained +centerdestroy him and his army. + +When he ran his mind over the whole of this strange Russian campaign in +which not one battle had been won, and in which not a flag, or cannon, +or army corps had been captured in two months, when he looked at the +concealed depression on the faces around him and heard reports of the +Russians still holding their grounda terrible feeling like a nightmare +took possession of him, and all the unlucky accidents that might destroy +him occurred to his mind. The Russians might fall on his left wing, +might break through his center, he himself might be killed by a stray +cannon ball. All this was possible. In former battles he had only +considered the possibilities of success, but now innumerable unlucky +chances presented themselves, and he expected them all. Yes, it was like +a dream in which a man fancies that a ruffian is coming to attack him, +and raises his arm to strike that ruffian a terrible blow which he knows +should annihilate him, but then feels that his arm drops powerless and +limp like a rag, and the horror of unavoidable destruction seizes him in +his helplessness. + +The news that the Russians were attacking the left flank of the French +army aroused that horror in Napoleon. He sat silently on a campstool +below the knoll, with head bowed and elbows on his knees. Berthier +approached and suggested that they should ride along the line to +ascertain the position of affairs. + +What? What do you say? asked Napoleon. Yes, tell them to bring me my +horse. + +He mounted and rode toward Semnovsk. + +Amid the powder smoke, slowly dispersing over the whole space through +which Napoleon rode, horses and men were lying in pools of blood, singly +or in heaps. Neither Napoleon nor any of his generals had ever before +seen such horrors or so many slain in such a small area. The roar of +guns, that had not ceased for ten hours, wearied the ear and gave +a peculiar significance to the spectacle, as music does to tableaux +vivants. Napoleon rode up the high ground at Semnovsk, and through the +smoke saw ranks of men in uniforms of a color unfamiliar to him. They +were Russians. + +The Russians stood in serried ranks behind Semnovsk village and its +knoll, and their guns boomed incessantly along their line and sent +forth clouds of smoke. It was no longer a battle it was a continuous +slaughter which could be of no avail either to the French or the +Russians. Napoleon stopped his horse and again fell into the reverie +from which Berthier had aroused him. He could not stop what was going on +before him and around him and was supposed to be directed by him and to +depend on him, and from its lack of success this affair, for the first +time, seemed to him unnecessary and horrible. + +One of the generals rode up to Napoleon and ventured to offer to lead +the Old Guard into action. Ney and Berthier, standing near Napoleon, +exchanged looks and smiled contemptuously at this generals senseless +offer. + +Napoleon bowed his head and remained silent a long time. + +At eight hundred leagues from France, I will not have my Guard +destroyed! he said, and turning his horse rode back to Shevrdino. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXV + +On the rug-covered bench where Pierre had seen him in the morning sat +Kutzov, his gray head hanging, his heavy body relaxed. He gave no +orders, but only assented to or dissented from what others suggested. + +Yes, yes, do that, he replied to various proposals. Yes, yes go, +dear boy, and have a look, he would say to one or another of those +about him or, No, dont, wed better wait! He listened to the reports +that were brought him and gave directions when his subordinates demanded +that of him but when listening to the reports it seemed as if he +were not interested in the import of the words spoken, but rather in +something elsein the expression of face and tone of voice of those who +were reporting. By long years of military experience he knew, and with +the wisdom of age understood, that it is impossible for one man to +direct hundreds of thousands of others struggling with death, and he +knew that the result of a battle is decided not by the orders of a +commander in chief, nor the place where the troops are stationed, nor by +the number of cannon or of slaughtered men, but by that intangible force +called the spirit of the army, and he watched this force and guided it +in as far as that was in his power. + +Kutzovs general expression was one of concentrated quiet attention, +and his face wore a strained look as if he found it difficult to master +the fatigue of his old and feeble body. + +At eleven oclock they brought him news that the flches captured by the +French had been retaken, but that Prince Bagratin was wounded. Kutzov +groaned and swayed his head. + +Ride over to Prince Peter Ivnovich and find out about it exactly, he +said to one of his adjutants, and then turned to the Duke of Wrttemberg +who was standing behind him. + +Will Your Highness please take command of the first army? + +Soon after the dukes departurebefore he could possibly have reached +Semnovskhis adjutant came back from him and told Kutzov that the duke +asked for more troops. + +Kutzov made a grimace and sent an order to Dokhtrov to take over the +command of the first army, and a request to the dukewhom he said he +could not spare at such an important momentto return to him. When +they brought him news that Murat had been taken prisoner, and the staff +officers congratulated him, Kutzov smiled. + +Wait a little, gentlemen, said he. The battle is won, and there is +nothing extraordinary in the capture of Murat. Still, it is better to +wait before we rejoice. + +But he sent an adjutant to take the news round the army. + +When Scherbnin came galloping from the left flank with news that the +French had captured the flches and the village of Semnovsk, Kutzov, +guessing by the sounds of the battle and by Scherbnins looks that the +news was bad, rose as if to stretch his legs and, taking Scherbnins +arm, led him aside. + +Go, my dear fellow, he said to Ermlov, and see whether something +cant be done. + +Kutzov was in Grki, near the center of the Russian position. The +attack directed by Napoleon against our left flank had been several +times repulsed. In the center the French had not got beyond Borodin, +and on their left flank Uvrovs cavalry had put the French to flight. + +Toward three oclock the French attacks ceased. On the faces of all +who came from the field of battle, and of those who stood around him, +Kutzov noticed an expression of extreme tension. He was satisfied with +the days successa success exceeding his expectations, but the old +mans strength was failing him. Several times his head dropped low as if +it were falling and he dozed off. Dinner was brought him. + +Adjutant General Wolzogen, the man who when riding past Prince Andrew +had said, the war should be extended widely, and whom Bagratin so +detested, rode up while Kutzov was at dinner. Wolzogen had come from +Barclay de Tolly to report on the progress of affairs on the left flank. +The sagacious Barclay de Tolly, seeing crowds of wounded men running +back and the disordered rear of the army, weighed all the circumstances, +concluded that the battle was lost, and sent his favorite officer to the +commander in chief with that news. + +Kutzov was chewing a piece of roast chicken with difficulty and glanced +at Wolzogen with eyes that brightened under their puckering lids. + +Wolzogen, nonchalantly stretching his legs, approached Kutzov with a +half-contemptuous smile on his lips, scarcely touching the peak of his +cap. + +He treated his Serene Highness with a somewhat affected nonchalance +intended to show that, as a highly trained military man, he left it to +Russians to make an idol of this useless old man, but that he knew whom +he was dealing with. Der alte Herr (as in their own set the Germans +called Kutzov) is making himself very comfortable, thought Wolzogen, +and looking severely at the dishes in front of Kutzov he began to +report to the old gentleman the position of affairs on the left flank +as Barclay had ordered him to and as he himself had seen and understood +it. + +All the points of our position are in the enemys hands and we cannot +dislodge them for lack of troops, the men are running away and it is +impossible to stop them, he reported. + +Kutzov ceased chewing and fixed an astonished gaze on Wolzogen, as +if not understanding what was said to him. Wolzogen, noticing the old +gentlemans agitation, said with a smile + +I have not considered it right to conceal from your Serene Highness +what I have seen. The troops are in complete disorder.... + +You have seen? You have seen?... Kutzov shouted. Frowning and rising +quickly, he went up to Wolzogen. + +How... how dare you!... he shouted, choking and making a threatening +gesture with his trembling arms How dare you, sir, say that to me? You +know nothing about it. Tell General Barclay from me that his information +is incorrect and that the real course of the battle is better known to +me, the commander in chief, than to him. + +Wolzogen was about to make a rejoinder, but Kutzov interrupted him. + +The enemy has been repulsed on the left and defeated on the right +flank. If you have seen amiss, sir, do not allow yourself to say what +you dont know! Be so good as to ride to General Barclay and inform +him of my firm intention to attack the enemy tomorrow, said Kutzov +sternly. + +All were silent, and the only sound audible was the heavy breathing of +the panting old general. + +They are repulsed everywhere, for which I thank God and our brave army! +The enemy is beaten, and tomorrow we shall drive him from the sacred +soil of Russia, said Kutzov crossing himself, and he suddenly sobbed +as his eyes filled with tears. + +Wolzogen, shrugging his shoulders and curling his lips, stepped silently +aside, marveling at the old gentlemans conceited stupidity. + +Ah, here he is, my hero! said Kutzov to a portly, handsome, +dark-haired general who was just ascending the knoll. + +This was Ravski, who had spent the whole day at the most important part +of the field of Borodin. + +Ravski reported that the troops were firmly holding their ground and +that the French no longer ventured to attack. + +After hearing him, Kutzov said in French + +Then you do not think, like some others, that we must retreat? + +On the contrary, your Highness, in indecisive actions it is always +the most stubborn who remain victors, replied Ravski, and in my +opinion... + +Kaysrov! Kutzov called to his adjutant. Sit down and write out +the order of the day for tomorrow. And you, he continued, addressing +another, ride along the line and announce that tomorrow we attack. + +While Kutzov was talking to Ravski and dictating the order of the day, +Wolzogen returned from Barclay and said that General Barclay wished to +have written confirmation of the order the field marshal had given. + +Kutzov, without looking at Wolzogen, gave directions for the order to +be written out which the former commander in chief, to avoid personal +responsibility, very judiciously wished to receive. + +And by means of that mysterious indefinable bond which maintains +throughout an army one and the same temper, known as the spirit of +the army, and which constitutes the sinew of war, Kutzovs words, his +order for a battle next day, immediately became known from one end of +the army to the other. + +It was far from being the same words or the same order that reached the +farthest links of that chain. The tales passing from mouth to mouth at +different ends of the army did not even resemble what Kutzov had said, +but the sense of his words spread everywhere because what he said was +not the outcome of cunning calculations, but of a feeling that lay in +the commander in chiefs soul as in that of every Russian. + +And on learning that tomorrow they were to attack the enemy, and hearing +from the highest quarters a confirmation of what they wanted to believe, +the exhausted, wavering men felt comforted and inspirited. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVI + +Prince Andrews regiment was among the reserves which till after one +oclock were stationed inactive behind Semnovsk, under heavy artillery +fire. Toward two oclock the regiment, having already lost more than +two hundred men, was moved forward into a trampled oatfield in the gap +between Semnovsk and the Knoll Battery, where thousands of men perished +that day and on which an intense, concentrated fire from several hundred +enemy guns was directed between one and two oclock. + +Without moving from that spot or firing a single shot the regiment here +lost another third of its men. From in front and especially from the +right, in the unlifting smoke the guns boomed, and out of the mysterious +domain of smoke that overlay the whole space in front, quick hissing +cannon balls and slow whistling shells flew unceasingly. At times, as +if to allow them a respite, a quarter of an hour passed during which +the cannon balls and shells all flew overhead, but sometimes several men +were torn from the regiment in a minute and the slain were continually +being dragged away and the wounded carried off. + +With each fresh blow less and less chance of life remained for those not +yet killed. The regiment stood in columns of battalion, three hundred +paces apart, but nevertheless the men were always in one and the same +mood. All alike were taciturn and morose. Talk was rarely heard in the +ranks, and it ceased altogether every time the thud of a successful +shot and the cry of stretchers! was heard. Most of the time, by their +officers order, the men sat on the ground. One, having taken off his +shako, carefully loosened the gathers of its lining and drew them tight +again another, rubbing some dry clay between his palms, polished +his bayonet another fingered the strap and pulled the buckle of his +bandolier, while another smoothed and refolded his leg bands and put +his boots on again. Some built little houses of the tufts in the plowed +ground, or plaited baskets from the straw in the cornfield. All seemed +fully absorbed in these pursuits. When men were killed or wounded, when +rows of stretchers went past, when some troops retreated, and when great +masses of the enemy came into view through the smoke, no one paid any +attention to these things. But when our artillery or cavalry advanced or +some of our infantry were seen to move forward, words of approval +were heard on all sides. But the liveliest attention was attracted by +occurrences quite apart from, and unconnected with, the battle. It was +as if the minds of these morally exhausted men found relief in everyday, +commonplace occurrences. A battery of artillery was passing in front of +the regiment. The horse of an ammunition cart put its leg over a trace. +Hey, look at the trace horse!... Get her leg out! Shell fall.... Ah, +they dont see it! came identical shouts from the ranks all along the +regiment. Another time, general attention was attracted by a small brown +dog, coming heaven knows whence, which trotted in a preoccupied manner +in front of the ranks with tail stiffly erect till suddenly a shell fell +close by, when it yelped, tucked its tail between its legs, and darted +aside. Yells and shrieks of laughter rose from the whole regiment. But +such distractions lasted only a moment, and for eight hours the men had +been inactive, without food, in constant fear of death, and their pale +and gloomy faces grew ever paler and gloomier. + +Prince Andrew, pale and gloomy like everyone in the regiment, paced up +and down from the border of one patch to another, at the edge of the +meadow beside an oatfield, with head bowed and arms behind his back. +There was nothing for him to do and no orders to be given. Everything +went on of itself. The killed were dragged from the front, the wounded +carried away, and the ranks closed up. If any soldiers ran to the +rear they returned immediately and hastily. At first Prince Andrew, +considering it his duty to rouse the courage of the men and to set them +an example, walked about among the ranks, but he soon became convinced +that this was unnecessary and that there was nothing he could teach +them. All the powers of his soul, as of every soldier there, were +unconsciously bent on avoiding the contemplation of the horrors of their +situation. He walked along the meadow, dragging his feet, rustling the +grass, and gazing at the dust that covered his boots now he took big +strides trying to keep to the footprints left on the meadow by the +mowers, then he counted his steps, calculating how often he must walk +from one strip to another to walk a mile, then he stripped the flowers +from the wormwood that grew along a boundary rut, rubbed them in his +palms, and smelled their pungent, sweetly bitter scent. Nothing remained +of the previous days thoughts. He thought of nothing. He listened with +weary ears to the ever-recurring sounds, distinguishing the whistle +of flying projectiles from the booming of the reports, glanced at the +tiresomely familiar faces of the men of the first battalion, and +waited. Here it comes... this one is coming our way again! he thought, +listening to an approaching whistle in the hidden region of smoke. One, +another! Again! It has hit.... He stopped and looked at the ranks. No, +it has gone over. But this one has hit! And again he started trying +to reach the boundary strip in sixteen paces. A whizz and a thud! Five +paces from him, a cannon ball tore up the dry earth and disappeared. A +chill ran down his back. Again he glanced at the ranks. Probably many +had been hita large crowd had gathered near the second battalion. + +Adjutant! he shouted. Order them not to crowd together. + +The adjutant, having obeyed this instruction, approached Prince Andrew. +From the other side a battalion commander rode up. + +Look out! came a frightened cry from a soldier and, like a bird +whirring in rapid flight and alighting on the ground, a shell dropped +with little noise within two steps of Prince Andrew and close to the +battalion commanders horse. The horse first, regardless of whether it +was right or wrong to show fear, snorted, reared almost throwing the +major, and galloped aside. The horses terror infected the men. + +Lie down! cried the adjutant, throwing himself flat on the ground. + +Prince Andrew hesitated. The smoking shell spun like a top between him +and the prostrate adjutant, near a wormwood plant between the field and +the meadow. + +Can this be death? thought Prince Andrew, looking with a quite new, +envious glance at the grass, the wormwood, and the streamlet of smoke +that curled up from the rotating black ball. I cannot, I do not wish to +die. I love lifeI love this grass, this earth, this air.... He thought +this, and at the same time remembered that people were looking at him. + +Its shameful, sir! he said to the adjutant. What... + +He did not finish speaking. At one and the same moment came the sound of +an explosion, a whistle of splinters as from a breaking window frame, +a suffocating smell of powder, and Prince Andrew started to one side, +raising his arm, and fell on his chest. Several officers ran up to him. +From the right side of his abdomen, blood was welling out making a large +stain on the grass. + +The militiamen with stretchers who were called up stood behind the +officers. Prince Andrew lay on his chest with his face in the grass, +breathing heavily and noisily. + +What are you waiting for? Come along! + +The peasants went up and took him by his shoulders and legs, but he +moaned piteously and, exchanging looks, they set him down again. + +Pick him up, lift him, its all the same! cried someone. + +They again took him by the shoulders and laid him on the stretcher. + +Ah, God! My God! What is it? The stomach? That means death! My +God!voices among the officers were heard saying. + +It flew a hairs breadth past my ear, said the adjutant. + +The peasants, adjusting the stretcher to their shoulders, started +hurriedly along the path they had trodden down, to the dressing station. + +Keep in step! Ah... those peasants! shouted an officer, seizing by +their shoulders and checking the peasants, who were walking unevenly and +jolting the stretcher. + +Get into step, Fdor... I say, Fdor! said the foremost peasant. + +Now thats right! said the one behind joyfully, when he had got into +step. + +Your excellency! Eh, Prince! said the trembling voice of Timkhin, who +had run up and was looking down on the stretcher. + +Prince Andrew opened his eyes and looked up at the speaker from the +stretcher into which his head had sunk deep and again his eyelids +drooped. + + +The militiamen carried Prince Andrew to the dressing station by the +wood, where wagons were stationed. The dressing station consisted of +three tents with flaps turned back, pitched at the edge of a birch wood. +In the wood, wagons and horses were standing. The horses were eating +oats from their movable troughs and sparrows flew down and pecked the +grains that fell. Some crows, scenting blood, flew among the birch +trees cawing impatiently. Around the tents, over more than five acres, +bloodstained men in various garbs stood, sat, or lay. Around the wounded +stood crowds of soldier stretcher-bearers with dismal and attentive +faces, whom the officers keeping order tried in vain to drive from the +spot. Disregarding the officers orders, the soldiers stood leaning +against their stretchers and gazing intently, as if trying to comprehend +the difficult problem of what was taking place before them. From the +tents came now loud angry cries and now plaintive groans. Occasionally +dressers ran out to fetch water, or to point out those who were to be +brought in next. The wounded men awaiting their turn outside the tents +groaned, sighed, wept, screamed, swore, or asked for vodka. Some were +delirious. Prince Andrews bearers, stepping over the wounded who had +not yet been bandaged, took him, as a regimental commander, close up to +one of the tents and there stopped, awaiting instructions. Prince Andrew +opened his eyes and for a long time could not make out what was going +on around him. He remembered the meadow, the wormwood, the field, the +whirling black ball, and his sudden rush of passionate love of life. +Two steps from him, leaning against a branch and talking loudly and +attracting general attention, stood a tall, handsome, black-haired +noncommissioned officer with a bandaged head. He had been wounded in the +head and leg by bullets. Around him, eagerly listening to his talk, a +crowd of wounded and stretcher-bearers was gathered. + +We kicked him out from there so that he chucked everything, we grabbed +the King himself! cried he, looking around him with eyes that glittered +with fever. If only reserves had come up just then, lads, there +wouldnt have been nothing left of him! I tell you surely.... + +Like all the others near the speaker, Prince Andrew looked at him with +shining eyes and experienced a sense of comfort. But isnt it all the +same now? thought he. And what will be there, and what has there been +here? Why was I so reluctant to part with life? There was something in +this life I did not and do not understand. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVII + +One of the doctors came out of the tent in a bloodstained apron, +holding a cigar between the thumb and little finger of one of his small +bloodstained hands, so as not to smear it. He raised his head and looked +about him, but above the level of the wounded men. He evidently wanted a +little respite. After turning his head from right to left for some time, +he sighed and looked down. + +All right, immediately, he replied to a dresser who pointed Prince +Andrew out to him, and he told them to carry him into the tent. + +Murmurs arose among the wounded who were waiting. + +It seems that even in the next world only the gentry are to have a +chance! remarked one. + +Prince Andrew was carried in and laid on a table that had only just been +cleared and which a dresser was washing down. Prince Andrew could not +make out distinctly what was in that tent. The pitiful groans from all +sides and the torturing pain in his thigh, stomach, and back distracted +him. All he saw about him merged into a general impression of naked, +bleeding human bodies that seemed to fill the whole of the low tent, as +a few weeks previously, on that hot August day, such bodies had filled +the dirty pond beside the Smolnsk road. Yes, it was the same flesh, +the same chair canon, the sight of which had even then filled him with +horror, as by a presentiment. + +There were three operating tables in the tent. Two were occupied, and +on the third they placed Prince Andrew. For a little while he was left +alone and involuntarily witnessed what was taking place on the other two +tables. On the nearest one sat a Tartar, probably a Cossack, judging by +the uniform thrown down beside him. Four soldiers were holding him, and +a spectacled doctor was cutting into his muscular brown back. + +Ooh, ooh, ooh! grunted the Tartar, and suddenly lifting up his swarthy +snub-nosed face with its high cheekbones, and baring his white teeth, +he began to wriggle and twitch his body and utter piercing, ringing, +and prolonged yells. On the other table, round which many people were +crowding, a tall well-fed man lay on his back with his head thrown back. +His curly hair, its color, and the shape of his head seemed strangely +familiar to Prince Andrew. Several dressers were pressing on his chest +to hold him down. One large, white, plump leg twitched rapidly all +the time with a feverish tremor. The man was sobbing and choking +convulsively. Two doctorsone of whom was pale and tremblingwere +silently doing something to this mans other, gory leg. When he had +finished with the Tartar, whom they covered with an overcoat, the +spectacled doctor came up to Prince Andrew, wiping his hands. + +He glanced at Prince Andrews face and quickly turned away. + +Undress him! What are you waiting for? he cried angrily to the +dressers. + +His very first, remotest recollections of childhood came back to Prince +Andrews mind when the dresser with sleeves rolled up began hastily to +undo the buttons of his clothes and undressed him. The doctor bent +down over the wound, felt it, and sighed deeply. Then he made a sign to +someone, and the torturing pain in his abdomen caused Prince Andrew to +lose consciousness. When he came to himself the splintered portions of +his thighbone had been extracted, the torn flesh cut away, and the +wound bandaged. Water was being sprinkled on his face. As soon as Prince +Andrew opened his eyes, the doctor bent over, kissed him silently on the +lips, and hurried away. + +After the sufferings he had been enduring, Prince Andrew enjoyed a +blissful feeling such as he had not experienced for a long time. All the +best and happiest moments of his lifeespecially his earliest childhood, +when he used to be undressed and put to bed, and when leaning over him +his nurse sang him to sleep and he, burying his head in the pillow, +felt happy in the mere consciousness of lifereturned to his memory, not +merely as something past but as something present. + +The doctors were busily engaged with the wounded man the shape of whose +head seemed familiar to Prince Andrew they were lifting him up and +trying to quiet him. + +Show it to me.... Oh, ooh... Oh! Oh, ooh! his frightened moans could +be heard, subdued by suffering and broken by sobs. + +Hearing those moans Prince Andrew wanted to weep. Whether because he +was dying without glory, or because he was sorry to part with life, +or because of those memories of a childhood that could not return, or +because he was suffering and others were suffering and that man near him +was groaning so piteouslyhe felt like weeping childlike, kindly, and +almost happy tears. + +The wounded man was shown his amputated leg stained with clotted blood +and with the boot still on. + +Oh! Oh, ooh! he sobbed, like a woman. + +The doctor who had been standing beside him, preventing Prince Andrew +from seeing his face, moved away. + +My God! What is this? Why is he here? said Prince Andrew to himself. + +In the miserable, sobbing, enfeebled man whose leg had just been +amputated, he recognized Anatole Kurgin. Men were supporting him in +their arms and offering him a glass of water, but his trembling, swollen +lips could not grasp its rim. Anatole was sobbing painfully. Yes, it is +he! Yes, that man is somehow closely and painfully connected with me, +thought Prince Andrew, not yet clearly grasping what he saw before him. +What is the connection of that man with my childhood and life? he +asked himself without finding an answer. And suddenly a new unexpected +memory from that realm of pure and loving childhood presented itself to +him. He remembered Natsha as he had seen her for the first time at the +ball in 1810, with her slender neck and arms and with a frightened happy +face ready for rapture, and love and tenderness for her, stronger +and more vivid than ever, awoke in his soul. He now remembered the +connection that existed between himself and this man who was dimly +gazing at him through tears that filled his swollen eyes. He remembered +everything, and ecstatic pity and love for that man overflowed his happy +heart. + +Prince Andrew could no longer restrain himself and wept tender loving +tears for his fellow men, for himself, and for his own and their errors. + +Compassion, love of our brothers, for those who love us and for those +who hate us, love of our enemies yes, that love which God preached on +earth and which Princess Mary taught me and I did not understandthat is +what made me sorry to part with life, that is what remained for me had I +lived. But now it is too late. I know it! + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVIII + +The terrible spectacle of the battlefield covered with dead and wounded, +together with the heaviness of his head and the news that some twenty +generals he knew personally had been killed or wounded, and the +consciousness of the impotence of his once mighty arm, produced an +unexpected impression on Napoleon who usually liked to look at the +killed and wounded, thereby, he considered, testing his strength of +mind. This day the horrible appearance of the battlefield overcame +that strength of mind which he thought constituted his merit and his +greatness. He rode hurriedly from the battlefield and returned to the +Shevrdino knoll, where he sat on his campstool, his sallow face +swollen and heavy, his eyes dim, his nose red, and his voice hoarse, +involuntarily listening, with downcast eyes, to the sounds of firing. +With painful dejection he awaited the end of this action, in which he +regarded himself as a participant and which he was unable to arrest. +A personal, human feeling for a brief moment got the better of the +artificial phantasm of life he had served so long. He felt in his own +person the sufferings and death he had witnessed on the battlefield. +The heaviness of his head and chest reminded him of the possibility +of suffering and death for himself. At that moment he did not desire +Moscow, or victory, or glory (what need had he for any more glory?). The +one thing he wished for was rest, tranquillity, and freedom. But when he +had been on the Semnovsk heights the artillery commander had proposed +to him to bring several batteries of artillery up to those heights to +strengthen the fire on the Russian troops crowded in front of Knyazkvo. +Napoleon had assented and had given orders that news should be brought +to him of the effect those batteries produced. + +An adjutant came now to inform him that the fire of two hundred guns +had been concentrated on the Russians, as he had ordered, but that they +still held their ground. + +Our fire is mowing them down by rows, but still they hold on, said the +adjutant. + +They want more!... said Napoleon in a hoarse voice. + +Sire? asked the adjutant who had not heard the remark. + +They want more! croaked Napoleon frowning. Let them have it! + +Even before he gave that order the thing he did not desire, and for +which he gave the order only because he thought it was expected of him, +was being done. And he fell back into that artificial realm of imaginary +greatness, and againas a horse walking a treadmill thinks it is doing +something for itselfhe submissively fulfilled the cruel, sad, gloomy, +and inhuman role predestined for him. + +And not for that day and hour alone were the mind and conscience +darkened of this man on whom the responsibility for what was happening +lay more than on all the others who took part in it. Never to the end +of his life could he understand goodness, beauty, or truth, or the +significance of his actions which were too contrary to goodness and +truth, too remote from everything human, for him ever to be able to +grasp their meaning. He could not disavow his actions, belauded as they +were by half the world, and so he had to repudiate truth, goodness, and +all humanity. + +Not only on that day, as he rode over the battlefield strewn with men +killed and maimed (by his will as he believed), did he reckon as he +looked at them how many Russians there were for each Frenchman and, +deceiving himself, find reason for rejoicing in the calculation that +there were five Russians for every Frenchman. Not on that day alone +did he write in a letter to Paris that the battle field was superb, +because fifty thousand corpses lay there, but even on the island of St. +Helena in the peaceful solitude where he said he intended to devote his +leisure to an account of the great deeds he had done, he wrote + +The Russian war should have been the most popular war of modern times +it was a war of good sense, for real interests, for the tranquillity and +security of all it was purely pacific and conservative. + +It was a war for a great cause, the end of uncertainties and the +beginning of security. A new horizon and new labors were opening out, +full of well-being and prosperity for all. The European system was +already founded all that remained was to organize it. + +Satisfied on these great points and with tranquility everywhere, I +too should have had my Congress and my Holy Alliance. Those ideas were +stolen from me. In that reunion of great sovereigns we should have +discussed our interests like one family, and have rendered account to +the peoples as clerk to master. + +Europe would in this way soon have been, in fact, but one people, and +anyone who traveled anywhere would have found himself always in the +common fatherland. I should have demanded the freedom of all navigable +rivers for everybody, that the seas should be common to all, and that +the great standing armies should be reduced henceforth to mere guards +for the sovereigns. + +On returning to France, to the bosom of the great, strong, magnificent, +peaceful, and glorious fatherland, I should have proclaimed +her frontiers immutable all future wars purely defensive, all +aggrandizement antinational. I should have associated my son in the +Empire my dictatorship would have been finished, and his constitutional +reign would have begun. + +Paris would have been the capital of the world, and the French the envy +of the nations! + +My leisure then, and my old age, would have been devoted, in company +with the Empress and during the royal apprenticeship of my son, to +leisurely visiting, with our own horses and like a true country couple, +every corner of the Empire, receiving complaints, redressing wrongs, +and scattering public buildings and benefactions on all sides and +everywhere. + +Napoleon, predestined by Providence for the gloomy role of executioner +of the peoples, assured himself that the aim of his actions had been the +peoples welfare and that he could control the fate of millions and by +the employment of power confer benefactions. + +Of four hundred thousand who crossed the Vistula, he wrote further +of the Russian war, half were Austrians, Prussians, Saxons, Poles, +Bavarians, Wrttembergers, Mecklenburgers, Spaniards, Italians, and +Neapolitans. The Imperial army, strictly speaking, was one third +composed of Dutch, Belgians, men from the borders of the Rhine, +Piedmontese, Swiss, Genevese, Tuscans, Romans, inhabitants of the +Thirty-second Military Division, of Bremen, of Hamburg, and so on it +included scarcely a hundred and forty thousand who spoke French. The +Russian expedition actually cost France less than fifty thousand men +the Russian army in its retreat from Vlna to Moscow lost in the various +battles four times more men than the French army the burning of Moscow +cost the lives of a hundred thousand Russians who died of cold and want +in the woods finally, in its march from Moscow to the Oder the Russian +army also suffered from the severity of the season so that by the time +it reached Vlna it numbered only fifty thousand, and at Klisch less +than eighteen thousand. + +He imagined that the war with Russia came about by his will, and the +horrors that occurred did not stagger his soul. He boldly took the +whole responsibility for what happened, and his darkened mind found +justification in the belief that among the hundreds of thousands who +perished there were fewer Frenchmen than Hessians and Bavarians. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIX + +Several tens of thousands of the slain lay in diverse postures and +various uniforms on the fields and meadows belonging to the Davdov +family and to the crown serfsthose fields and meadows where for +hundreds of years the peasants of Borodin, Grki, Shevrdino, and +Semnovsk had reaped their harvests and pastured their cattle. At the +dressing stations the grass and earth were soaked with blood for a space +of some three acres around. Crowds of men of various arms, wounded and +unwounded, with frightened faces, dragged themselves back to Mozhysk +from the one army and back to Valevo from the other. Other crowds, +exhausted and hungry, went forward led by their officers. Others held +their ground and continued to fire. + +Over the whole field, previously so gaily beautiful with the glitter of +bayonets and cloudlets of smoke in the morning sun, there now spread a +mist of damp and smoke and a strange acid smell of saltpeter and blood. +Clouds gathered and drops of rain began to fall on the dead and wounded, +on the frightened, exhausted, and hesitating men, as if to say Enough, +men! Enough! Cease... bethink yourselves! What are you doing? + +To the men of both sides alike, worn out by want of food and rest, +it began equally to appear doubtful whether they should continue to +slaughter one another all the faces expressed hesitation, and the +question arose in every soul For what, for whom, must I kill and be +killed?... You may go and kill whom you please, but I dont want to do +so any more! By evening this thought had ripened in every soul. At any +moment these men might have been seized with horror at what they were +doing and might have thrown up everything and run away anywhere. + +But though toward the end of the battle the men felt all the horror of +what they were doing, though they would have been glad to leave off, +some incomprehensible, mysterious power continued to control them, and +they still brought up the charges, loaded, aimed, and applied the match, +though only one artilleryman survived out of every three, and though +they stumbled and panted with fatigue, perspiring and stained with blood +and powder. The cannon balls flew just as swiftly and cruelly from both +sides, crushing human bodies, and that terrible work which was not done +by the will of a man but at the will of Him who governs men and worlds +continued. + +Anyone looking at the disorganized rear of the Russian army would have +said that, if only the French made one more slight effort, it would +disappear and anyone looking at the rear of the French army would have +said that the Russians need only make one more slight effort and the +French would be destroyed. But neither the French nor the Russians made +that effort, and the flame of battle burned slowly out. + +The Russians did not make that effort because they were not attacking +the French. At the beginning of the battle they stood blocking the +way to Moscow and they still did so at the end of the battle as at the +beginning. But even had the aim of the Russians been to drive the French +from their positions, they could not have made this last effort, for all +the Russian troops had been broken up, there was no part of the Russian +army that had not suffered in the battle, and though still holding their +positions they had lost ONE HALF of their army. + +The French, with the memory of all their former victories during +fifteen years, with the assurance of Napoleons invincibility, with the +consciousness that they had captured part of the battlefield and had +lost only a quarter of their men and still had their Guards intact, +twenty thousand strong, might easily have made that effort. The French +who had attacked the Russian army in order to drive it from its position +ought to have made that effort, for as long as the Russians continued to +block the road to Moscow as before, the aim of the French had not been +attained and all their efforts and losses were in vain. But the French +did not make that effort. Some historians say that Napoleon need only +have used his Old Guards, who were intact, and the battle would have +been won. To speak of what would have happened had Napoleon sent his +Guards is like talking of what would happen if autumn became spring. It +could not be. Napoleon did not give his Guards, not because he did not +want to, but because it could not be done. All the generals, officers, +and soldiers of the French army knew it could not be done, because the +flagging spirit of the troops would not permit it. + +It was not Napoleon alone who had experienced that nightmare feeling +of the mighty arm being stricken powerless, but all the generals and +soldiers of his army whether they had taken part in the battle or not, +after all their experience of previous battleswhen after one tenth of +such efforts the enemy had fledexperienced a similar feeling of terror +before an enemy who, after losing HALF his men, stood as threateningly +at the end as at the beginning of the battle. The moral force of the +attacking French army was exhausted. Not that sort of victory which is +defined by the capture of pieces of material fastened to sticks, called +standards, and of the ground on which the troops had stood and were +standing, but a moral victory that convinces the enemy of the moral +superiority of his opponent and of his own impotence was gained by the +Russians at Borodin. The French invaders, like an infuriated animal +that has in its onslaught received a mortal wound, felt that they were +perishing, but could not stop, any more than the Russian army, weaker +by one half, could help swerving. By impetus gained, the French army was +still able to roll forward to Moscow, but there, without further effort +on the part of the Russians, it had to perish, bleeding from the mortal +wound it had received at Borodin. The direct consequence of the battle +of Borodin was Napoleons senseless flight from Moscow, his retreat +along the old Smolnsk road, the destruction of the invading army of +five hundred thousand men, and the downfall of Napoleonic France, on +which at Borodin for the first time the hand of an opponent of stronger +spirit had been laid. + + + + + +BOOK ELEVEN 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Absolute continuity of motion is not comprehensible to the human mind. +Laws of motion of any kind become comprehensible to man only when he +examines arbitrarily selected elements of that motion but at the +same time, a large proportion of human error comes from the arbitrary +division of continuous motion into discontinuous elements. There is a +well-known, so-called sophism of the ancients consisting in this, that +Achilles could never catch up with a tortoise he was following, in spite +of the fact that he traveled ten times as fast as the tortoise. By +the time Achilles has covered the distance that separated him from the +tortoise, the tortoise has covered one tenth of that distance ahead +of him when Achilles has covered that tenth, the tortoise has covered +another one hundredth, and so on forever. This problem seemed to +the ancients insoluble. The absurd answer (that Achilles could never +overtake the tortoise) resulted from this that motion was arbitrarily +divided into discontinuous elements, whereas the motion both of Achilles +and of the tortoise was continuous. + +By adopting smaller and smaller elements of motion we only approach a +solution of the problem, but never reach it. Only when we have admitted +the conception of the infinitely small, and the resulting geometrical +progression with a common ratio of one tenth, and have found the sum of +this progression to infinity, do we reach a solution of the problem. + +A modern branch of mathematics having achieved the art of dealing with +the infinitely small can now yield solutions in other more complex +problems of motion which used to appear insoluble. + +This modern branch of mathematics, unknown to the ancients, when dealing +with problems of motion admits the conception of the infinitely small, +and so conforms to the chief condition of motion (absolute continuity) +and thereby corrects the inevitable error which the human mind cannot +avoid when it deals with separate elements of motion instead of +examining continuous motion. + +In seeking the laws of historical movement just the same thing happens. +The movement of humanity, arising as it does from innumerable arbitrary +human wills, is continuous. + +To understand the laws of this continuous movement is the aim of +history. But to arrive at these laws, resulting from the sum of all +those human wills, mans mind postulates arbitrary and disconnected +units. The first method of history is to take an arbitrarily selected +series of continuous events and examine it apart from others, though +there is and can be no beginning to any event, for one event always +flows uninterruptedly from another. + +The second method is to consider the actions of some one mana king or a +commanderas equivalent to the sum of many individual wills whereas the +sum of individual wills is never expressed by the activity of a single +historic personage. + +Historical science in its endeavor to draw nearer to truth continually +takes smaller and smaller units for examination. But however small the +units it takes, we feel that to take any unit disconnected from others, +or to assume a beginning of any phenomenon, or to say that the will of +many men is expressed by the actions of any one historic personage, is +in itself false. + +It needs no critical exertion to reduce utterly to dust any deductions +drawn from history. It is merely necessary to select some larger or +smaller unit as the subject of observationas criticism has every +right to do, seeing that whatever unit history observes must always be +arbitrarily selected. + +Only by taking infinitesimally small units for observation (the +differential of history, that is, the individual tendencies of men) and +attaining to the art of integrating them (that is, finding the sum of +these infinitesimals) can we hope to arrive at the laws of history. + +The first fifteen years of the nineteenth century in Europe present an +extraordinary movement of millions of people. Men leave their customary +pursuits, hasten from one side of Europe to the other, plunder and +slaughter one another, triumph and are plunged in despair, and for some +years the whole course of life is altered and presents an intensive +movement which first increases and then slackens. What was the cause of +this movement, by what laws was it governed? asks the mind of man. + +The historians, replying to this question, lay before us the sayings and +doings of a few dozen men in a building in the city of Paris, calling +these sayings and doings the Revolution then they give a detailed +biography of Napoleon and of certain people favorable or hostile to him +tell of the influence some of these people had on others, and say that +is why this movement took place and those are its laws. + +But the mind of man not only refuses to believe this explanation, but +plainly says that this method of explanation is fallacious, because in +it a weaker phenomenon is taken as the cause of a stronger. The sum of +human wills produced the Revolution and Napoleon, and only the sum of +those wills first tolerated and then destroyed them. + +But every time there have been conquests there have been conquerors +every time there has been a revolution in any state there have been +great men, says history. And, indeed, human reason replies every time +conquerors appear there have been wars, but this does not prove that the +conquerors caused the wars and that it is possible to find the laws of +a war in the personal activity of a single man. Whenever I look at my +watch and its hands point to ten, I hear the bells of the neighboring +church but because the bells begin to ring when the hands of the clock +reach ten, I have no right to assume that the movement of the bells is +caused by the position of the hands of the watch. + +Whenever I see the movement of a locomotive I hear the whistle and see +the valves opening and wheels turning but I have no right to conclude +that the whistling and the turning of wheels are the cause of the +movement of the engine. + +The peasants say that a cold wind blows in late spring because the oaks +are budding, and really every spring cold winds do blow when the oak +is budding. But though I do not know what causes the cold winds to blow +when the oak buds unfold, I cannot agree with the peasants that the +unfolding of the oak buds is the cause of the cold wind, for the +force of the wind is beyond the influence of the buds. I see only a +coincidence of occurrences such as happens with all the phenomena of +life, and I see that however much and however carefully I observe the +hands of the watch, and the valves and wheels of the engine, and the +oak, I shall not discover the cause of the bells ringing, the engine +moving, or of the winds of spring. To that I must entirely change my +point of view and study the laws of the movement of steam, of the +bells, and of the wind. History must do the same. And attempts in this +direction have already been made. + +To study the laws of history we must completely change the subject of +our observation, must leave aside kings, ministers, and generals, and +study the common, infinitesimally small elements by which the masses are +moved. No one can say in how far it is possible for man to advance +in this way toward an understanding of the laws of history but it is +evident that only along that path does the possibility of discovering +the laws of history lie, and that as yet not a millionth part as much +mental effort has been applied in this direction by historians as has +been devoted to describing the actions of various kings, commanders, +and ministers and propounding the historians own reflections concerning +these actions. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +The forces of a dozen European nations burst into Russia. The Russian +army and people avoided a collision till Smolnsk was reached, and again +from Smolnsk to Borodin. The French army pushed on to Moscow, its +goal, its impetus ever increasing as it neared its aim, just as the +velocity of a falling body increases as it approaches the earth. Behind +it were seven hundred miles of hunger-stricken, hostile country ahead +were a few dozen miles separating it from its goal. Every soldier in +Napoleons army felt this and the invasion moved on by its own momentum. + +The more the Russian army retreated the more fiercely a spirit of hatred +of the enemy flared up, and while it retreated the army increased and +consolidated. At Borodin a collision took place. Neither army was +broken up, but the Russian army retreated immediately after the +collision as inevitably as a ball recoils after colliding with another +having a greater momentum, and with equal inevitability the ball +of invasion that had advanced with such momentum rolled on for some +distance, though the collision had deprived it of all its force. + +The Russians retreated eighty milesto beyond Moscowand the French +reached Moscow and there came to a standstill. For five weeks after that +there was not a single battle. The French did not move. As a bleeding, +mortally wounded animal licks its wounds, they remained inert in Moscow +for five weeks, and then suddenly, with no fresh reason, fled back +they made a dash for the Kalga road, and (after a victoryfor at +Mlo-Yaroslvets the field of conflict again remained theirs) without +undertaking a single serious battle, they fled still more rapidly back +to Smolnsk, beyond Smolnsk, beyond the Berzina, beyond Vlna, and +farther still. + +On the evening of the twenty-sixth of August, Kutzov and the whole +Russian army were convinced that the battle of Borodin was a victory. +Kutzov reported so to the Emperor. He gave orders to prepare for a +fresh conflict to finish the enemy and did this not to deceive anyone, +but because he knew that the enemy was beaten, as everyone who had taken +part in the battle knew it. + +But all that evening and next day reports came in one after another +of unheard-of losses, of the loss of half the army, and a fresh battle +proved physically impossible. + +It was impossible to give battle before information had been collected, +the wounded gathered in, the supplies of ammunition replenished, the +slain reckoned up, new officers appointed to replace those who had been +killed, and before the men had had food and sleep. And meanwhile, the +very next morning after the battle, the French army advanced of itself +upon the Russians, carried forward by the force of its own momentum now +seemingly increased in inverse proportion to the square of the distance +from its aim. Kutzovs wish was to attack next day, and the whole +army desired to do so. But to make an attack the wish to do so is not +sufficient, there must also be a possibility of doing it, and that +possibility did not exist. It was impossible not to retreat a days +march, and then in the same way it was impossible not to retreat another +and a third days march, and at last, on the first of September when +the army drew near Moscowdespite the strength of the feeling that had +arisen in all ranksthe force of circumstances compelled it to retire +beyond Moscow. And the troops retired one more, last, days march, and +abandoned Moscow to the enemy. + +For people accustomed to think that plans of campaign and battles are +made by generalsas anyone of us sitting over a map in his study may +imagine how he would have arranged things in this or that battlethe +questions present themselves Why did Kutzov during the retreat not do +this or that? Why did he not take up a position before reaching Fil? +Why did he not retire at once by the Kalga road, abandoning Moscow? and +so on. People accustomed to think in that way forget, or do not know, +the inevitable conditions which always limit the activities of any +commander in chief. The activity of a commander in chief does not at all +resemble the activity we imagine to ourselves when we sit at ease in +our studies examining some campaign on the map, with a certain number of +troops on this and that side in a certain known locality, and begin our +plans from some given moment. A commander in chief is never dealing with +the beginning of any eventthe position from which we always contemplate +it. The commander in chief is always in the midst of a series of +shifting events and so he never can at any moment consider the whole +import of an event that is occurring. Moment by moment the event is +imperceptibly shaping itself, and at every moment of this continuous, +uninterrupted shaping of events the commander in chief is in the +midst of a most complex play of intrigues, worries, contingencies, +authorities, projects, counsels, threats, and deceptions and is +continually obliged to reply to innumerable questions addressed to him, +which constantly conflict with one another. + +Learned military authorities quite seriously tell us that Kutzov should +have moved his army to the Kalga road long before reaching Fil, and +that somebody actually submitted such a proposal to him. But a commander +in chief, especially at a difficult moment, has always before him not +one proposal but dozens simultaneously. And all these proposals, based +on strategics and tactics, contradict each other. + +A commander in chiefs business, it would seem, is simply to choose one +of these projects. But even that he cannot do. Events and time do not +wait. For instance, on the twenty-eighth it is suggested to him to +cross to the Kalga road, but just then an adjutant gallops up from +Milordovich asking whether he is to engage the French or retire. An +order must be given him at once, that instant. And the order to retreat +carries us past the turn to the Kalga road. And after the adjutant +comes the commissary general asking where the stores are to be taken, +and the chief of the hospitals asks where the wounded are to go, and a +courier from Petersburg brings a letter from the sovereign which does +not admit of the possibility of abandoning Moscow, and the commander in +chiefs rival, the man who is undermining him (and there are always +not merely one but several such), presents a new project diametrically +opposed to that of turning to the Kalga road, and the commander in +chief himself needs sleep and refreshment to maintain his energy and +a respectable general who has been overlooked in the distribution of +rewards comes to complain, and the inhabitants of the district pray to +be defended, and an officer sent to inspect the locality comes in and +gives a report quite contrary to what was said by the officer +previously sent and a spy, a prisoner, and a general who has been +on reconnaissance, all describe the position of the enemys army +differently. People accustomed to misunderstand or to forget these +inevitable conditions of a commander in chiefs actions describe to +us, for instance, the position of the army at Fil and assume that the +commander in chief could, on the first of September, quite freely decide +whether to abandon Moscow or defend it whereas, with the Russian army +less than four miles from Moscow, no such question existed. When had +that question been settled? At Drissa and at Smolnsk and most +palpably of all on the twenty-fourth of August at Shevrdino and on +the twenty-sixth at Borodin, and each day and hour and minute of the +retreat from Borodin to Fil. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +When Ermlov, having been sent by Kutzov to inspect the position, told +the field marshal that it was impossible to fight there before Moscow +and that they must retreat, Kutzov looked at him in silence. + +Give me your hand, said he and, turning it over so as to feel the +pulse, added You are not well, my dear fellow. Think what you are +saying! + +Kutzov could not yet admit the possibility of retreating beyond Moscow +without a battle. + +On the Poklnny Hill, four miles from the Dorogomlov gate of Moscow, +Kutzov got out of his carriage and sat down on a bench by the roadside. +A great crowd of generals gathered round him, and Count Rostopchn, who +had come out from Moscow, joined them. This brilliant company separated +into several groups who all discussed the advantages and disadvantages +of the position, the state of the army, the plans suggested, the +situation of Moscow, and military questions generally. Though they had +not been summoned for the purpose, and though it was not so called, they +all felt that this was really a council of war. The conversations all +dealt with public questions. If anyone gave or asked for personal +news, it was done in a whisper and they immediately reverted to general +matters. No jokes, or laughter, or smiles even, were seen among all +these men. They evidently all made an effort to hold themselves at the +height the situation demanded. And all these groups, while talking +among themselves, tried to keep near the commander in chief (whose +bench formed the center of the gathering) and to speak so that he might +overhear them. The commander in chief listened to what was being said +and sometimes asked them to repeat their remarks, but did not himself +take part in the conversations or express any opinion. After hearing +what was being said by one or other of these groups he generally turned +away with an air of disappointment, as though they were not speaking of +anything he wished to hear. Some discussed the position that had been +chosen, criticizing not the position itself so much as the mental +capacity of those who had chosen it. Others argued that a mistake had +been made earlier and that a battle should have been fought two days +before. Others again spoke of the battle of Salamanca, which was +described by Crosart, a newly arrived Frenchman in a Spanish uniform. +(This Frenchman and one of the German princes serving with the Russian +army were discussing the siege of Saragossa and considering the +possibility of defending Moscow in a similar manner.) Count Rostopchn +was telling a fourth group that he was prepared to die with the city +train bands under the walls of the capital, but that he still could not +help regretting having been left in ignorance of what was happening, and +that had he known it sooner things would have been different.... A +fifth group, displaying the profundity of their strategic perceptions, +discussed the direction the troops would now have to take. A sixth group +was talking absolute nonsense. Kutzovs expression grew more and more +preoccupied and gloomy. From all this talk he saw only one thing that +to defend Moscow was a physical impossibility in the full meaning of +those words, that is to say, so utterly impossible that if any senseless +commander were to give orders to fight, confusion would result but the +battle would still not take place. It would not take place because the +commanders not merely all recognized the position to be impossible, but +in their conversations were only discussing what would happen after its +inevitable abandonment. How could the commanders lead their troops to +a field of battle they considered impossible to hold? The lower-grade +officers and even the soldiers (who too reason) also considered the +position impossible and therefore could not go to fight, fully convinced +as they were of defeat. If Bennigsen insisted on the position being +defended and others still discussed it, the question was no longer +important in itself but only as a pretext for disputes and intrigue. +This Kutzov knew well. + +Bennigsen, who had chosen the position, warmly displayed his Russian +patriotism (Kutzov could not listen to this without wincing) by +insisting that Moscow must be defended. His aim was as clear as daylight +to Kutzov if the defense failed, to throw the blame on Kutzov who had +brought the army as far as the Sparrow Hills without giving battle if +it succeeded, to claim the success as his own or if battle were not +given, to clear himself of the crime of abandoning Moscow. But this +intrigue did not now occupy the old mans mind. One terrible question +absorbed him and to that question he heard no reply from anyone. The +question for him now was Have I really allowed Napoleon to reach +Moscow, and when did I do so? When was it decided? Can it have been +yesterday when I ordered Pltov to retreat, or was it the evening +before, when I had a nap and told Bennigsen to issue orders? Or was it +earlier still?... When, when was this terrible affair decided? Moscow +must be abandoned. The army must retreat and the order to do so must +be given. To give that terrible order seemed to him equivalent to +resigning the command of the army. And not only did he love power to +which he was accustomed (the honours awarded to Prince Prozorvski, +under whom he had served in Turkey, galled him), but he was convinced +that he was destined to save Russia and that that was why, against +the Emperors wish and by the will of the people, he had been chosen +commander in chief. He was convinced that he alone could maintain +command of the army in these difficult circumstances, and that in all +the world he alone could encounter the invincible Napoleon without fear, +and he was horrified at the thought of the order he had to issue. But +something had to be decided, and these conversations around him which +were assuming too free a character must be stopped. + +He called the most important generals to him. + +My head, be it good or bad, must depend on itself, said he, rising +from the bench, and he rode to Fil where his carriages were waiting. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +The Council of War began to assemble at two in the afternoon in the +better and roomier part of Andrew Savostynovs hut. The men, women, and +children of the large peasant family crowded into the back room across +the passage. Only Malsha, Andrews six-year-old granddaughter whom +his Serene Highness had petted and to whom he had given a lump of sugar +while drinking his tea, remained on the top of the brick oven in the +larger room. Malsha looked down from the oven with shy delight at the +faces, uniforms, and decorations of the generals, who one after another +came into the room and sat down on the broad benches in the corner +under the icons. Granddad himself, as Malsha in her own mind called +Kutzov, sat apart in a dark corner behind the oven. He sat, sunk deep +in a folding armchair, and continually cleared his throat and pulled at +the collar of his coat which, though it was unbuttoned, still seemed +to pinch his neck. Those who entered went up one by one to the field +marshal he pressed the hands of some and nodded to others. His adjutant +Kaysrov was about to draw back the curtain of the window facing +Kutzov, but the latter moved his hand angrily and Kaysrov understood +that his Serene Highness did not wish his face to be seen. + +Round the peasants deal table, on which lay maps, plans, pencils, and +papers, so many people gathered that the orderlies brought in another +bench and put it beside the table. Ermlov, Kaysrov, and Toll, who had +just arrived, sat down on this bench. In the foremost place, immediately +under the icons, sat Barclay de Tolly, his high forehead merging into +his bald crown. He had a St. Georges Cross round his neck and looked +pale and ill. He had been feverish for two days and was now shivering +and in pain. Beside him sat Uvrov, who with rapid gesticulations was +giving him some information, speaking in low tones as they all did. +Chubby little Dokhtrov was listening attentively with eyebrows +raised and arms folded on his stomach. On the other side sat Count +Ostermann-Tolsty, seemingly absorbed in his own thoughts. His broad +head with its bold features and glittering eyes was resting on his hand. +Ravski, twitching forward the black hair on his temples as was his +habit, glanced now at Kutzov and now at the door with a look of +impatience. Konovntsyns firm, handsome, and kindly face was lit up by +a tender, sly smile. His glance met Malshas, and the expression of his +eyes caused the little girl to smile. + +They were all waiting for Bennigsen, who on the pretext of inspecting +the position was finishing his savory dinner. They waited for him from +four till six oclock and did not begin their deliberations all that +time but talked in low tones of other matters. + +Only when Bennigsen had entered the hut did Kutzov leave his corner and +draw toward the table, but not near enough for the candles that had been +placed there to light up his face. + +Bennigsen opened the council with the question Are we to abandon +Russias ancient and sacred capital without a struggle, or are we to +defend it? A prolonged and general silence followed. There was a frown +on every face and only Kutzovs angry grunts and occasional cough +broke the silence. All eyes were gazing at him. Malsha too looked at +Granddad. She was nearest to him and saw how his face puckered he +seemed about to cry, but this did not last long. + +Russias ancient and sacred capital! he suddenly said, repeating +Bennigsens words in an angry voice and thereby drawing attention to the +false note in them. Allow me to tell you, your excellency, that that +question has no meaning for a Russian. (He lurched his heavy body +forward.) Such a question cannot be put it is senseless! The question +I have asked these gentlemen to meet to discuss is a military one. +The question is that of saving Russia. Is it better to give up Moscow +without a battle, or by accepting battle to risk losing the army as well +as Moscow? That is the question on which I want your opinion, and he +sank back in his chair. + +The discussion began. Bennigsen did not yet consider his game lost. +Admitting the view of Barclay and others that a defensive battle at +Fil was impossible, but imbued with Russian patriotism and the love +of Moscow, he proposed to move troops from the right to the left flank +during the night and attack the French right flank the following day. +Opinions were divided, and arguments were advanced for and against that +project. Ermlov, Dokhtrov, and Ravski agreed with Bennigsen. Whether +feeling it necessary to make a sacrifice before abandoning the capital +or guided by other, personal considerations, these generals seemed not +to understand that this council could not alter the inevitable course +of events and that Moscow was in effect already abandoned. The other +generals, however, understood it and, leaving aside the question of +Moscow, spoke of the direction the army should take in its retreat. +Malsha, who kept her eyes fixed on what was going on before her, +understood the meaning of the council differently. It seemed to her that +it was only a personal struggle between Granddad and Long-coat as +she termed Bennigsen. She saw that they grew spiteful when they spoke to +one another, and in her heart she sided with Granddad. In the midst of +the conversation she noticed Granddad give Bennigsen a quick, subtle +glance, and then to her joys she saw that Granddad said something to +Long-coat which settled him. Bennigsen suddenly reddened and paced +angrily up and down the room. What so affected him was Kutzovs calm +and quiet comment on the advantage or disadvantage of Bennigsens +proposal to move troops by night from the right to the left flank to +attack the French right wing. + +Gentlemen, said Kutzov, I cannot approve of the counts plan. Moving +troops in close proximity to an enemy is always dangerous, and military +history supports that view. For instance... Kutzov seemed to reflect, +searching for an example, then with a clear, nave look at Bennigsen he +added Oh yes take the battle of Friedland, which I think the count +well remembers, and which was... not fully successful, only because our +troops were rearranged too near the enemy.... + +There followed a momentary pause, which seemed very long to them all. + +The discussion recommenced, but pauses frequently occurred and they all +felt that there was no more to be said. + +During one of these pauses Kutzov heaved a deep sigh as if preparing to +speak. They all looked at him. + +Well, gentlemen, I see that it is I who will have to pay for the broken +crockery, said he, and rising slowly he moved to the table. Gentlemen, +I have heard your views. Some of you will not agree with me. But I, he +paused, by the authority entrusted to me by my Sovereign and country, +order a retreat. + +After that the generals began to disperse with the solemnity and +circumspect silence of people who are leaving, after a funeral. + +Some of the generals, in low tones and in a strain very different from +the way they had spoken during the council, communicated something to +their commander in chief. + +Malsha, who had long been expected for supper, climbed carefully +backwards down from the oven, her bare little feet catching at its +projections, and slipping between the legs of the generals she darted +out of the room. + +When he had dismissed the generals Kutzov sat a long time with his +elbows on the table, thinking always of the same terrible question +When, when did the abandonment of Moscow become inevitable? When was +that done which settled the matter? And who was to blame for it? + +I did not expect this, said he to his adjutant Schneider when the +latter came in late that night. I did not expect this! I did not think +this would happen. + +You should take some rest, your Serene Highness, replied Schneider. + +But no! They shall eat horseflesh yet, like the Turks! exclaimed +Kutzov without replying, striking the table with his podgy fist. They +shall too, if only... + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +At that very time, in circumstances even more important than retreating +without a battle, namely the evacuation and burning of Moscow, +Rostopchn, who is usually represented as being the instigator of that +event, acted in an altogether different manner from Kutzov. + +After the battle of Borodin the abandonment and burning of Moscow was +as inevitable as the retreat of the army beyond Moscow without fighting. + +Every Russian might have predicted it, not by reasoning but by the +feeling implanted in each of us and in our fathers. + +The same thing that took place in Moscow had happened in all the towns +and villages on Russian soil beginning with Smolnsk, without the +participation of Count Rostopchn and his broadsheets. The people +awaited the enemy unconcernedly, did not riot or become excited or tear +anyone to pieces, but faced its fate, feeling within it the strength to +find what it should do at that most difficult moment. And as soon as the +enemy drew near the wealthy classes went away abandoning their property, +while the poorer remained and burned and destroyed what was left. + +The consciousness that this would be so and would always be so was and +is present in the heart of every Russian. And a consciousness of this, +and a foreboding that Moscow would be taken, was present in Russian +Moscow society in 1812. Those who had quitted Moscow already in July +and at the beginning of August showed that they expected this. Those who +went away, taking what they could and abandoning their houses and half +their belongings, did so from the latent patriotism which expresses +itself not by phrases or by giving ones children to save the fatherland +and similar unnatural exploits, but unobtrusively, simply, organically, +and therefore in the way that always produces the most powerful results. + +It is disgraceful to run away from danger only cowards are running +away from Moscow, they were told. In his broadsheets Rostopchn +impressed on them that to leave Moscow was shameful. They were ashamed +to be called cowards, ashamed to leave, but still they left, knowing +it had to be done. Why did they go? It is impossible to suppose that +Rostopchn had scared them by his accounts of horrors Napoleon had +committed in conquered countries. The first people to go away were the +rich educated people who knew quite well that Vienna and Berlin had +remained intact and that during Napoleons occupation the inhabitants +had spent their time pleasantly in the company of the charming Frenchmen +whom the Russians, and especially the Russian ladies, then liked so +much. + +They went away because for Russians there could be no question as to +whether things would go well or ill under French rule in Moscow. It was +out of the question to be under French rule, it would be the worst thing +that could happen. They went away even before the battle of Borodin and +still more rapidly after it, despite Rostopchns calls to defend Moscow +or the announcement of his intention to take the wonder-working icon of +the Iberian Mother of God and go to fight, or of the balloons that were +to destroy the French, and despite all the nonsense Rostopchn wrote in +his broadsheets. They knew that it was for the army to fight, and that +if it could not succeed it would not do to take young ladies and house +serfs to the Three Hills quarter of Moscow to fight Napoleon, and that +they must go away, sorry as they were to abandon their property +to destruction. They went away without thinking of the tremendous +significance of that immense and wealthy city being given over to +destruction, for a great city with wooden buildings was certain when +abandoned by its inhabitants to be burned. They went away each on his +own account, and yet it was only in consequence of their going away +that the momentous event was accomplished that will always remain the +greatest glory of the Russian people. The lady who, afraid of being +stopped by Count Rostopchns orders, had already in June moved with her +Negroes and her women jesters from Moscow to her Sartov estate, with +a vague consciousness that she was not Bonapartes servant, was really, +simply, and truly carrying out the great work which saved Russia. But +Count Rostopchn, who now taunted those who left Moscow and now had the +government offices removed now distributed quite useless weapons to +the drunken rabble now had processions displaying the icons, and now +forbade Father Augustin to remove icons or the relics of saints now +seized all the private carts in Moscow and on one hundred and thirty-six +of them removed the balloon that was being constructed by Leppich now +hinted that he would burn Moscow and related how he had set fire to his +own house now wrote a proclamation to the French solemnly upbraiding +them for having destroyed his Orphanage now claimed the glory of +having hinted that he would burn Moscow and now repudiated the deed +now ordered the people to catch all spies and bring them to him, and now +reproached them for doing so now expelled all the French residents from +Moscow, and now allowed Madame Aubert-Chalm (the center of the whole +French colony in Moscow) to remain, but ordered the venerable old +postmaster Klyucharv to be arrested and exiled for no particular +offense now assembled the people at the Three Hills to fight the French +and now, to get rid of them, handed over to them a man to be killed +and himself drove away by a back gate now declared that he would +not survive the fall of Moscow, and now wrote French verses in albums +concerning his share in the affairthis man did not understand the +meaning of what was happening but merely wanted to do something himself +that would astonish people, to perform some patriotically heroic +feat and like a child he made sport of the momentous, and unavoidable +eventthe abandonment and burning of Moscowand tried with his puny hand +now to speed and now to stay the enormous, popular tide that bore him +along with it. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Hlne, having returned with the court from Vlna to Petersburg, found +herself in a difficult position. + +In Petersburg she had enjoyed the special protection of a grandee who +occupied one of the highest posts in the Empire. In Vlna she had formed +an intimacy with a young foreign prince. When she returned to Petersburg +both the magnate and the prince were there, and both claimed their +rights. Hlne was faced by a new problemhow to preserve her intimacy +with both without offending either. + +What would have seemed difficult or even impossible to another woman did +not cause the least embarrassment to Countess Bezkhova, who evidently +deserved her reputation of being a very clever woman. Had she attempted +concealment, or tried to extricate herself from her awkward position +by cunning, she would have spoiled her case by acknowledging herself +guilty. But Hlne, like a really great man who can do whatever +he pleases, at once assumed her own position to be correct, as she +sincerely believed it to be, and that everyone else was to blame. + +The first time the young foreigner allowed himself to reproach her, she +lifted her beautiful head and, half turning to him, said firmly Thats +just like a manselfish and cruel! I expected nothing else. A woman +sacrifices herself for you, she suffers, and this is her reward! What +right have you, monseigneur, to demand an account of my attachments and +friendships? He is a man who has been more than a father to me! The +prince was about to say something, but Hlne interrupted him. + +Well, yes, said she, it may be that he has other sentiments for me +than those of a father, but that is not a reason for me to shut my door +on him. I am not a man, that I should repay kindness with ingratitude! +Know, monseigneur, that in all that relates to my intimate feelings I +render account only to God and to my conscience, she concluded, laying +her hand on her beautiful, fully expanded bosom and looking up to +heaven. + +But for heavens sake listen to me! + +Marry me, and I will be your slave! + +But thats impossible. + +You wont deign to demean yourself by marrying me, you... said Hlne, +beginning to cry. + +The prince tried to comfort her, but Hlne, as if quite distraught, +said through her tears that there was nothing to prevent her marrying, +that there were precedents (there were up to that time very few, but +she mentioned Napoleon and some other exalted personages), that she had +never been her husbands wife, and that she had been sacrificed. + +But the law, religion... said the prince, already yielding. + +The law, religion... What have they been invented for if they cant +arrange that? said Hlne. + +The prince was surprised that so simple an idea had not occurred to him, +and he applied for advice to the holy brethren of the Society of Jesus, +with whom he was on intimate terms. + +A few days later at one of those enchanting fetes which Hlne gave at +her country house on the Stone Island, the charming Monsieur de Jobert, +a man no longer young, with snow white hair and brilliant black eyes, +a Jesuit robe courte * was presented to her, and in the garden by the +light of the illuminations and to the sound of music talked to her for a +long time of the love of God, of Christ, of the Sacred Heart, and of the +consolations the one true Catholic religion affords in this world and +the next. Hlne was touched, and more than once tears rose to her eyes +and to those of Monsieur de Jobert and their voices trembled. A dance, +for which her partner came to seek her, put an end to her discourse with +her future directeur de conscience, but the next evening Monsieur de +Jobert came to see Hlne when she was alone, and after that often came +again. + + * Lay member of the Society of Jesus. + +One day he took the countess to a Roman Catholic church, where she knelt +down before the altar to which she was led. The enchanting, middle-aged +Frenchman laid his hands on her head and, as she herself afterward +described it, she felt something like a fresh breeze wafted into her +soul. It was explained to her that this was la grce. + +After that a long-frocked abb was brought to her. She confessed to +him, and he absolved her from her sins. Next day she received a box +containing the Sacred Host, which was left at her house for her to +partake of. A few days later Hlne learned with pleasure that she had +now been admitted to the true Catholic Church and that in a few days the +Pope himself would hear of her and would send her a certain document. + +All that was done around her and to her at this time, all the attention +devoted to her by so many clever men and expressed in such pleasant, +refined ways, and the state of dove-like purity she was now in (she wore +only white dresses and white ribbons all that time) gave her pleasure, +but her pleasure did not cause her for a moment to forget her aim. And +as it always happens in contests of cunning that a stupid person gets +the better of cleverer ones, Hlnehaving realized that the main object +of all these words and all this trouble was, after converting her to +Catholicism, to obtain money from her for Jesuit institutions (as to +which she received indications)before parting with her money insisted +that the various operations necessary to free her from her husband +should be performed. In her view the aim of every religion was merely +to preserve certain proprieties while affording satisfaction to +human desires. And with this aim, in one of her talks with her Father +Confessor, she insisted on an answer to the question, in how far was she +bound by her marriage? + +They were sitting in the twilight by a window in the drawing room. +The scent of flowers came in at the window. Hlne was wearing a white +dress, transparent over her shoulders and bosom. The abb, a well-fed +man with a plump, clean-shaven chin, a pleasant firm mouth, and white +hands meekly folded on his knees, sat close to Hlne and, with a +subtle smile on his lips and a peaceful look of delight at her beauty, +occasionally glanced at her face as he explained his opinion on the +subject. Hlne with an uneasy smile looked at his curly hair and his +plump, clean-shaven, blackish cheeks and every moment expected the +conversation to take a fresh turn. But the abb, though he evidently +enjoyed the beauty of his companion, was absorbed in his mastery of the +matter. + +The course of the Father Confessors arguments ran as follows Ignorant +of the import of what you were undertaking, you made a vow of conjugal +fidelity to a man who on his part, by entering the married state without +faith in the religious significance of marriage, committed an act of +sacrilege. That marriage lacked the dual significance it should have +had. Yet in spite of this your vow was binding. You swerved from it. +What did you commit by so acting? A venial, or a mortal, sin? A venial +sin, for you acted without evil intention. If now you married again +with the object of bearing children, your sin might be forgiven. But the +question is again a twofold one firstly... + +But suddenly Hlne, who was getting bored, said with one of her +bewitching smiles But I think that having espoused the true religion I +cannot be bound by what a false religion laid upon me. + +The director of her conscience was astounded at having the case +presented to him thus with the simplicity of Columbus egg. He was +delighted at the unexpected rapidity of his pupils progress, but could +not abandon the edifice of argument he had laboriously constructed. + +Let us understand one another, Countess, said he with a smile, and +began refuting his spiritual daughters arguments. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Hlne understood that the question was very simple and easy from +the ecclesiastical point of view, and that her directors were making +difficulties only because they were apprehensive as to how the matter +would be regarded by the secular authorities. + +So she decided that it was necessary to prepare the opinion of society. +She provoked the jealousy of the elderly magnate and told him what she +had told her other suitor that is, she put the matter so that the only +way for him to obtain a right over her was to marry her. The elderly +magnate was at first as much taken aback by this suggestion of marriage +with a woman whose husband was alive, as the younger man had been, but +Hlnes imperturbable conviction that it was as simple and natural as +marrying a maiden had its effect on him too. Had Hlne herself shown +the least sign of hesitation, shame, or secrecy, her cause would +certainly have been lost but not only did she show no signs of secrecy +or shame, on the contrary, with good-natured navet she told her +intimate friends (and these were all Petersburg) that both the prince +and the magnate had proposed to her and that she loved both and was +afraid of grieving either. + +A rumor immediately spread in Petersburg, not that Hlne wanted to +be divorced from her husband (had such a report spread many would have +opposed so illegal an intention) but simply that the unfortunate and +interesting Hlne was in doubt which of the two men she should marry. +The question was no longer whether this was possible, but only which was +the better match and how the matter would be regarded at court. There +were, it is true, some rigid individuals unable to rise to the height of +such a question, who saw in the project a desecration of the sacrament +of marriage, but there were not many such and they remained silent, +while the majority were interested in Hlnes good fortune and in the +question which match would be the more advantageous. Whether it was +right or wrong to remarry while one had a husband living they did not +discuss, for that question had evidently been settled by people wiser +than you or me, as they said, and to doubt the correctness of that +decision would be to risk exposing ones stupidity and incapacity to +live in society. + +Only Mrya Dmtrievna Akhrosmova, who had come to Petersburg that +summer to see one of her sons, allowed herself plainly to express +an opinion contrary to the general one. Meeting Hlne at a ball she +stopped her in the middle of the room and, amid general silence, said +in her gruff voice So wives of living men have started marrying +again! Perhaps you think you have invented a novelty? You have been +forestalled, my dear! It was thought of long ago. It is done in all the +brothels, and with these words Mrya Dmtrievna, turning up her wide +sleeves with her usual threatening gesture and glancing sternly round, +moved across the room. + +Though people were afraid of Mrya Dmtrievna she was regarded in +Petersburg as a buffoon, and so of what she had said they only noticed, +and repeated in a whisper, the one coarse word she had used, supposing +the whole sting of her remark to lie in that word. + +Prince Vasli, who of late very often forgot what he had said and +repeated one and the same thing a hundred times, remarked to his +daughter whenever he chanced to see her + +Hlne, I have a word to say to you, and he would lead her +aside, drawing her hand downward. I have heard of certain projects +concerning... you know. Well my dear child, you know how your fathers +heart rejoices to know that you... You have suffered so much.... But, my +dear child, consult only your own heart. That is all I have to say, and +concealing his unvarying emotion he would press his cheek against his +daughters and move away. + +Bilbin, who had not lost his reputation of an exceedingly clever man, +and who was one of the disinterested friends so brilliant a woman as +Hlne always hasmen friends who can never change into loversonce gave +her his view of the matter at a small and intimate gathering. + +Listen, Bilbin, said Hlne (she always called friends of that sort +by their surnames), and she touched his coat sleeve with her white, +beringed fingers. Tell me, as you would a sister, what I ought to do. +Which of the two? + +Bilbin wrinkled up the skin over his eyebrows and pondered, with a +smile on his lips. + +You are not taking me unawares, you know, said he. As a true friend, +I have thought and thought again about your affair. You see, if you +marry the princehe meant the younger manand he crooked one finger, +you forever lose the chance of marrying the other, and you will +displease the court besides. (You know there is some kind of +connection.) But if you marry the old count you will make his last days +happy, and as widow of the Grand... the prince would no longer be making +a msalliance by marrying you, and Bilbin smoothed out his forehead. + +Thats a true friend! said Hlne beaming, and again touching +Bilbins sleeve. But I love them, you know, and dont want to distress +either of them. I would give my life for the happiness of them both. + +Bilbin shrugged his shoulders, as much as to say that not even he could +help in that difficulty. + +Une matresse-femme! * Thats what is called putting things squarely. +She would like to be married to all three at the same time, thought he. + + * A masterly woman. + +But tell me, how will your husband look at the matter? Bilbin asked, +his reputation being so well established that he did not fear to ask so +nave a question. Will he agree? + +Oh, he loves me so! said Hlne, who for some reason imagined that +Pierre too loved her. He will do anything for me. + +Bilbin puckered his skin in preparation for something witty. + +Even divorce you? said he. + +Hlne laughed. + +Among those who ventured to doubt the justifiability of the proposed +marriage was Hlnes mother, Princess Kurgina. She was continually +tormented by jealousy of her daughter, and now that jealousy concerned +a subject near to her own heart, she could not reconcile herself to the +idea. She consulted a Russian priest as to the possibility of divorce +and remarriage during a husbands lifetime, and the priest told her that +it was impossible, and to her delight showed her a text in the Gospel +which (as it seemed to him) plainly forbids remarriage while the husband +is alive. + +Armed with these arguments, which appeared to her unanswerable, she +drove to her daughters early one morning so as to find her alone. + +Having listened to her mothers objections, Hlne smiled blandly and +ironically. + +But it says plainly Whosoever shall marry her that is divorced... +said the old princess. + +Ah, Maman, ne dites pas de btises. Vous ne comprenez rien. Dans ma +position jai des devoirs, * said Hlne changing from Russian, in +which language she always felt that her case did not sound quite clear, +into French which suited it better. + + * Oh, Mamma, dont talk nonsense! You dont understand + anything. In my position I have obligations. + + +But, my dear.... + +Oh, Mamma, how is it you dont understand that the Holy Father, who has +the right to grant dispensations... + +Just then the lady companion who lived with Hlne came in to announce +that His Highness was in the ballroom and wished to see her. + +Non, dites-lui que je ne veux pas le voir, que je suis furieuse contre +lui, parce quil ma manqu parole. * + + * No, tell him I dont wish to see him, I am furious with + him for not keeping his word to me. + + +Comtesse, tout pch misricorde, * said a fair-haired young man +with a long face and nose, as he entered the room. + + * Countess, there is mercy for every sin. + + +The old princess rose respectfully and curtsied. The young man who had +entered took no notice of her. The princess nodded to her daughter and +sidled out of the room. + +Yes, she is right, thought the old princess, all her convictions +dissipated by the appearance of His Highness. She is right, but how +is it that we in our irrecoverable youth did not know it? Yet it is so +simple, she thought as she got into her carriage. + + +By the beginning of August Hlnes affairs were clearly defined and +she wrote a letter to her husbandwho, as she imagined, loved her very +muchinforming him of her intention to marry N.N. and of her having +embraced the one true faith, and asking him to carry out all the +formalities necessary for a divorce, which would be explained to him by +the bearer of the letter. + +And so I pray God to have you, my friend, in His holy and powerful +keepingYour friend Hlne. + +This letter was brought to Pierres house when he was on the field of +Borodin. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Toward the end of the battle of Borodin, Pierre, having run down +from Ravskis battery a second time, made his way through a gully to +Knyazkvo with a crowd of soldiers, reached the dressing station, and +seeing blood and hearing cries and groans hurried on, still entangled in +the crowds of soldiers. + +The one thing he now desired with his whole soul was to get away quickly +from the terrible sensations amid which he had lived that day and return +to ordinary conditions of life and sleep quietly in a room in his own +bed. He felt that only in the ordinary conditions of life would he +be able to understand himself and all he had seen and felt. But such +ordinary conditions of life were nowhere to be found. + +Though shells and bullets did not whistle over the road along which he +was going, still on all sides there was what there had been on the field +of battle. There were still the same suffering, exhausted, and sometimes +strangely indifferent faces, the same blood, the same soldiers +overcoats, the same sounds of firing which, though distant now, still +aroused terror, and besides this there were the foul air and the dust. + +Having gone a couple of miles along the Mozhysk road, Pierre sat down +by the roadside. + +Dusk had fallen, and the roar of guns died away. Pierre lay leaning on +his elbow for a long time, gazing at the shadows that moved past him in +the darkness. He was continually imagining that a cannon ball was flying +toward him with a terrific whizz, and then he shuddered and sat up. He +had no idea how long he had been there. In the middle of the night three +soldiers, having brought some firewood, settled down near him and began +lighting a fire. + +The soldiers, who threw sidelong glances at Pierre, got the fire to burn +and placed an iron pot on it into which they broke some dried bread and +put a little dripping. The pleasant odor of greasy viands mingled with +the smell of smoke. Pierre sat up and sighed. The three soldiers were +eating and talking among themselves, taking no notice of him. + +And who may you be? one of them suddenly asked Pierre, evidently +meaning what Pierre himself had in mind, namely If you want to eat +well give you some food, only let us know whether you are an honest +man. + +I, I... said Pierre, feeling it necessary to minimize his social +position as much as possible so as to be nearer to the soldiers and +better understood by them. By rights I am a militia officer, but my men +are not here. I came to the battle and have lost them. + +There now! said one of the soldiers. + +Another shook his head. + +Would you like a little mash? the first soldier asked, and handed +Pierre a wooden spoon after licking it clean. + +Pierre sat down by the fire and began eating the mash, as they called +the food in the cauldron, and he thought it more delicious than any food +he had ever tasted. As he sat bending greedily over it, helping himself +to large spoonfuls and chewing one after another, his face was lit up by +the fire and the soldiers looked at him in silence. + +Where have you to go to? Tell us! said one of them. + +To Mozhysk. + +Youre a gentleman, arent you? + +Yes. + +And whats your name? + +Peter Kirlych. + +Well then, Peter Kirlych, come along with us, well take you there. + +In the total darkness the soldiers walked with Pierre to Mozhysk. + +By the time they got near Mozhysk and began ascending the steep hill +into the town, the cocks were already crowing. Pierre went on with the +soldiers, quite forgetting that his inn was at the bottom of the hill +and that he had already passed it. He would not soon have remembered +this, such was his state of forgetfulness, had he not halfway up the +hill stumbled upon his groom, who had been to look for him in the +town and was returning to the inn. The groom recognized Pierre in the +darkness by his white hat. + +Your excellency! he said. Why, we were beginning to despair! How is +it you are on foot? And where are you going, please? + +Oh, yes! said Pierre. + +The soldiers stopped. + +So youve found your folk? said one of them. Well, good-by, Peter +Kirlychisnt it? + +Good-by, Peter Kirlych! Pierre heard the other voices repeat. + +Good-by! he said and turned with his groom toward the inn. + +I ought to give them something! he thought, and felt in his pocket. +No, better not! said another, inner voice. + +There was not a room to be had at the inn, they were all occupied. +Pierre went out into the yard and, covering himself up head and all, lay +down in his carriage. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Scarcely had Pierre laid his head on the pillow before he felt himself +falling asleep, but suddenly, almost with the distinctness of reality, +he heard the boom, boom, boom of firing, the thud of projectiles, groans +and cries, and smelled blood and powder, and a feeling of horror and +dread of death seized him. Filled with fright he opened his eyes and +lifted his head from under his cloak. All was tranquil in the yard. Only +someones orderly passed through the gateway, splashing through the mud, +and talked to the innkeeper. Above Pierres head some pigeons, disturbed +by the movement he had made in sitting up, fluttered under the dark roof +of the penthouse. The whole courtyard was permeated by a strong peaceful +smell of stable yards, delightful to Pierre at that moment. He could see +the clear starry sky between the dark roofs of two penthouses. + +Thank God, there is no more of that! he thought, covering up his head +again. Oh, what a terrible thing is fear, and how shamefully I yielded +to it! But they... they were steady and calm all the time, to the +end... thought he. + +They, in Pierres mind, were the soldiers, those who had been at the +battery, those who had given him food, and those who had prayed before +the icon. They, those strange men he had not previously known, stood out +clearly and sharply from everyone else. + +To be a soldier, just a soldier! thought Pierre as he fell asleep, +to enter communal life completely, to be imbued by what makes them what +they are. But how cast off all the superfluous, devilish burden of my +outer man? There was a time when I could have done it. I could have run +away from my father, as I wanted to. Or I might have been sent to serve +as a soldier after the duel with Dlokhov. And the memory of the dinner +at the English Club when he had challenged Dlokhov flashed through +Pierres mind, and then he remembered his benefactor at Torzhk. And now +a picture of a solemn meeting of the lodge presented itself to his mind. +It was taking place at the English Club and someone near and dear to him +sat at the end of the table. Yes, that is he! It is my benefactor. +But he died! thought Pierre. Yes, he died, and I did not know he was +alive. How sorry I am that he died, and how glad I am that he is alive +again! On one side of the table sat Anatole, Dlokhov, Nesvtski, +Densov, and others like them (in his dream the category to which these +men belonged was as clearly defined in his mind as the category of +those he termed they), and he heard those people, Anatole and Dlokhov, +shouting and singing loudly yet through their shouting the voice of his +benefactor was heard speaking all the time and the sound of his words +was as weighty and uninterrupted as the booming on the battlefield, but +pleasant and comforting. Pierre did not understand what his benefactor +was saying, but he knew (the categories of thoughts were also quite +distinct in his dream) that he was talking of goodness and the +possibility of being what they were. And they with their simple, kind, +firm faces surrounded his benefactor on all sides. But though they were +kindly they did not look at Pierre and did not know him. Wishing to +speak and to attract their attention, he got up, but at that moment his +legs grew cold and bare. + +He felt ashamed, and with one arm covered his legs from which his cloak +had in fact slipped. For a moment as he was rearranging his cloak Pierre +opened his eyes and saw the same penthouse roofs, posts, and yard, but +now they were all bluish, lit up, and glittering with frost or dew. + +It is dawn, thought Pierre. But thats not what I want. I want to +hear and understand my benefactors words. Again he covered himself up +with his cloak, but now neither the lodge nor his benefactor was there. +There were only thoughts clearly expressed in words, thoughts that +someone was uttering or that he himself was formulating. + +Afterwards when he recalled those thoughts Pierre was convinced that +someone outside himself had spoken them, though the impressions of that +day had evoked them. He had never, it seemed to him, been able to think +and express his thoughts like that when awake. + +To endure war is the most difficult subordination of mans freedom to +the law of God, the voice had said. Simplicity is submission to the +will of God you cannot escape from Him. And they are simple. They do +not talk, but act. The spoken word is silver but the unspoken is golden. +Man can be master of nothing while he fears death, but he who does not +fear it possesses all. If there were no suffering, man would not know +his limitations, would not know himself. The hardest thing (Pierre went +on thinking, or hearing, in his dream) is to be able in your soul to +unite the meaning of all. To unite all? he asked himself. No, not +to unite. Thoughts cannot be united, but to harness all these thoughts +together is what we need! Yes, one must harness them, must harness +them! he repeated to himself with inward rapture, feeling that these +words and they alone expressed what he wanted to say and solved the +question that tormented him. + +Yes, one must harness, it is time to harness. + +Time to harness, time to harness, your excellency! Your excellency! +some voice was repeating. We must harness, it is time to harness.... + +It was the voice of the groom, trying to wake him. The sun shone +straight into Pierres face. He glanced at the dirty innyard in the +middle of which soldiers were watering their lean horses at the pump +while carts were passing out of the gate. Pierre turned away with +repugnance, and closing his eyes quickly fell back on the carriage seat. +No, I dont want that, I dont want to see and understand that. I want +to understand what was revealing itself to me in my dream. One second +more and I should have understood it all! But what am I to do? Harness, +but how can I harness everything? and Pierre felt with horror that the +meaning of all he had seen and thought in the dream had been destroyed. + +The groom, the coachman, and the innkeeper told Pierre that an officer +had come with news that the French were already near Mozhysk and that +our men were leaving it. + +Pierre got up and, having told them to harness and overtake him, went on +foot through the town. + +The troops were moving on, leaving about ten thousand wounded behind +them. There were wounded in the yards, at the windows of the houses, and +the streets were crowded with them. In the streets, around carts that +were to take some of the wounded away, shouts, curses, and blows could +be heard. Pierre offered the use of his carriage, which had overtaken +him, to a wounded general he knew, and drove with him to Moscow. On the +way Pierre was told of the death of his brother-in-law Anatole and of +that of Prince Andrew. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +On the thirtieth of August Pierre reached Moscow. Close to the gates of +the city he was met by Count Rostopchns adjutant. + +We have been looking for you everywhere, said the adjutant. The count +wants to see you particularly. He asks you to come to him at once on a +very important matter. + +Without going home, Pierre took a cab and drove to see the Moscow +commander in chief. + +Count Rostopchn had only that morning returned to town from his summer +villa at Soklniki. The anteroom and reception room of his house +were full of officials who had been summoned or had come for orders. +Vaslchikov and Pltov had already seen the count and explained to him +that it was impossible to defend Moscow and that it would have to be +surrendered. Though this news was being concealed from the inhabitants, +the officialsthe heads of the various government departmentsknew that +Moscow would soon be in the enemys hands, just as Count Rostopchn +himself knew it, and to escape personal responsibility they had all +come to the governor to ask how they were to deal with their various +departments. + +As Pierre was entering the reception room a courier from the army came +out of Rostopchns private room. + +In answer to questions with which he was greeted, the courier made a +despairing gesture with his hand and passed through the room. + +While waiting in the reception room Pierre with weary eyes watched the +various officials, old and young, military and civilian, who were there. +They all seemed dissatisfied and uneasy. Pierre went up to a group of +men, one of whom he knew. After greeting Pierre they continued their +conversation. + +If theyre sent out and brought back again later on it will do no harm, +but as things are now one cant answer for anything. + +But you see what he writes... said another, pointing to a printed +sheet he held in his hand. + +Thats another matter. Thats necessary for the people, said the +first. + +What is it? asked Pierre. + +Oh, its a fresh broadsheet. + +Pierre took it and began reading. + +His Serene Highness has passed through Mozhysk in order to join up with +the troops moving toward him and has taken up a strong position where +the enemy will not soon attack him. Forty-eight guns with ammunition +have been sent him from here, and his Serene Highness says he will +defend Moscow to the last drop of blood and is even ready to fight in +the streets. Do not be upset, brothers, that the law courts are closed +things have to be put in order, and we will deal with villains in our +own way! When the time comes I shall want both town and peasant lads and +will raise the cry a day or two beforehand, but they are not wanted yet +so I hold my peace. An ax will be useful, a hunting spear not bad, but a +three-pronged fork will be best of all a Frenchman is no heavier than a +sheaf of rye. Tomorrow after dinner I shall take the Iberian icon of +the Mother of God to the wounded in the Catherine Hospital where we will +have some water blessed. That will help them to get well quicker. I, +too, am well now one of my eyes was sore but now I am on the lookout +with both. + +But military men have told me that it is impossible to fight in the +town, said Pierre, and that the position... + +Well, of course! Thats what we were saying, replied the first +speaker. + +And what does he mean by One of my eyes was sore but now I am on the +lookout with both? asked Pierre. + +The count had a sty, replied the adjutant smiling, and was very much +upset when I told him people had come to ask what was the matter with +him. By the by, Count, he added suddenly, addressing Pierre with a +smile, we heard that you have family troubles and that the countess, +your wife... + +I have heard nothing, Pierre replied unconcernedly. But what have you +heard? + +Oh, well, you know people often invent things. I only say what I +heard. + +But what did you hear? + +Well, they say, continued the adjutant with the same smile, that +the countess, your wife, is preparing to go abroad. I expect its +nonsense.... + +Possibly, remarked Pierre, looking about him absent-mindedly. And who +is that? he asked, indicating a short old man in a clean blue peasant +overcoat, with a big snow-white beard and eyebrows and a ruddy face. + +He? Thats a tradesman, that is to say, hes the restaurant +keeper, Vereshchgin. Perhaps you have heard of that affair with the +proclamation. + +Oh, so that is Vereshchgin! said Pierre, looking at the firm, calm +face of the old man and seeking any indication of his being a traitor. + +Thats not he himself, thats the father of the fellow who wrote the +proclamation, said the adjutant. The young man is in prison and I +expect it will go hard with him. + +An old gentleman wearing a star and another official, a German wearing a +cross round his neck, approached the speaker. + +Its a complicated story, you know, said the adjutant. That +proclamation appeared about two months ago. The count was informed of +it. He gave orders to investigate the matter. Gabriel Ivnovich +here made the inquiries. The proclamation had passed through exactly +sixty-three hands. He asked one, From whom did you get it? From +so-and-so. He went to the next one. From whom did you get it? and so +on till he reached Vereshchgin, a half educated tradesman, you know, a +pet of a trader, said the adjutant smiling. They asked him, Who gave +it you? And the point is that we knew whom he had it from. He could +only have had it from the Postmaster. But evidently they had come to +some understanding. He replied From no one I made it up myself. +They threatened and questioned him, but he stuck to that I made it +up myself. And so it was reported to the count, who sent for the man. +From whom did you get the proclamation? I wrote it myself. Well, you +know the count, said the adjutant cheerfully, with a smile of pride, +he flared up dreadfullyand just think of the fellows audacity, lying, +and obstinacy! + +And the count wanted him to say it was from Klyucharv? I understand! +said Pierre. + +Not at all, rejoined the adjutant in dismay. Klyucharv had his own +sins to answer for without that and that is why he has been banished. +But the point is that the count was much annoyed. How could you have +written it yourself? said he, and he took up the Hamburg Gazette that +was lying on the table. Here it is! You did not write it yourself but +translated it, and translated it abominably, because you dont even know +French, you fool. And what do you think? No, said he, I have not +read any papers, I made it up myself. If thats so, youre a traitor +and Ill have you tried, and youll be hanged! Say from whom you had +it. I have seen no papers, I made it up myself. And that was the end +of it. The count had the father fetched, but the fellow stuck to it. +He was sent for trial and condemned to hard labor, I believe. Now the +father has come to intercede for him. But hes a good-for-nothing lad! +You know that sort of tradesmans son, a dandy and lady-killer. He +attended some lectures somewhere and imagines that the devil is no match +for him. Thats the sort of fellow he is. His father keeps a cookshop +here by the Stone Bridge, and you know there was a large icon of God +Almighty painted with a scepter in one hand and an orb in the other. +Well, he took that icon home with him for a few days and what did he do? +He found some scoundrel of a painter... + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +In the middle of this fresh tale Pierre was summoned to the commander in +chief. + +When he entered the private room Count Rostopchn, puckering his face, +was rubbing his forehead and eyes with his hand. A short man was saying +something, but when Pierre entered he stopped speaking and went out. + +Ah, how do you do, great warrior? said Rostopchn as soon as the short +man had left the room. We have heard of your prowess. But thats not +the point. Between ourselves, mon cher, do you belong to the Masons? he +went on severely, as though there were something wrong about it which +he nevertheless intended to pardon. Pierre remained silent. I am well +informed, my friend, but I am aware that there are Masons and I hope +that you are not one of those who on pretense of saving mankind wish to +ruin Russia. + +Yes, I am a Mason, Pierre replied. + +There, you see, mon cher! I expect you know that Messrs. Spernski and +Magntski have been deported to their proper place. Mr. Klyucharv has +been treated in the same way, and so have others who on the plea of +building up the temple of Solomon have tried to destroy the temple of +their fatherland. You can understand that there are reasons for this and +that I could not have exiled the Postmaster had he not been a harmful +person. It has now come to my knowledge that you lent him your carriage +for his removal from town, and that you have even accepted papers from +him for safe custody. I like you and dont wish you any harm andas +you are only half my ageI advise you, as a father would, to cease +all communication with men of that stamp and to leave here as soon as +possible. + +But what did Klyucharv do wrong, Count? asked Pierre. + +That is for me to know, but not for you to ask, shouted Rostopchn. + +If he is accused of circulating Napoleons proclamation it is not +proved that he did so, said Pierre without looking at Rostopchn, and +Vereshchgin... + +There we are! Rostopchn shouted at Pierre louder than before, +frowning suddenly. Vereshchgin is a renegade and a traitor who will +be punished as he deserves, said he with the vindictive heat with which +people speak when recalling an insult. But I did not summon you to +discuss my actions, but to give you adviceor an order if you prefer it. +I beg you to leave the town and break off all communication with such +men as Klyucharv. And I will knock the nonsense out of anybodybut +probably realizing that he was shouting at Bezkhov who so far was not +guilty of anything, he added, taking Pierres hand in a friendly manner, +We are on the eve of a public disaster and I havent time to be polite +to everybody who has business with me. My head is sometimes in a whirl. +Well, mon cher, what are you doing personally? + +Why, nothing, answered Pierre without raising his eyes or changing the +thoughtful expression of his face. + +The count frowned. + +A word of friendly advice, mon cher. Be off as soon as you can, thats +all I have to tell you. Happy he who has ears to hear. Good-by, my dear +fellow. Oh, by the by! he shouted through the doorway after Pierre, +is it true that the countess has fallen into the clutches of the holy +fathers of the Society of Jesus? + +Pierre did not answer and left Rostopchns room more sullen and angry +than he had ever before shown himself. + +When he reached home it was already getting dark. Some eight people had +come to see him that evening the secretary of a committee, the colonel +of his battalion, his steward, his major-domo, and various petitioners. +They all had business with Pierre and wanted decisions from him. Pierre +did not understand and was not interested in any of these questions and +only answered them in order to get rid of these people. When left alone +at last he opened and read his wifes letter. + +They, the soldiers at the battery, Prince Andrew killed... that old +man... Simplicity is submission to God. Suffering is necessary... the +meaning of all... one must harness... my wife is getting married... One +must forget and understand... And going to his bed he threw himself on +it without undressing and immediately fell asleep. + +When he awoke next morning the major-domo came to inform him that a +special messenger, a police officer, had come from Count Rostopchn to +know whether Count Bezkhov had left or was leaving the town. + +A dozen persons who had business with Pierre were awaiting him in the +drawing room. Pierre dressed hurriedly and, instead of going to see +them, went to the back porch and out through the gate. + +From that time till the end of the destruction of Moscow no one of +Bezkhovs household, despite all the search they made, saw Pierre again +or knew where he was. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +The Rostvs remained in Moscow till the first of September, that is, +till the eve of the enemys entry into the city. + +After Ptya had joined Obolnskis regiment of Cossacks and left for +Blaya Tsrkov where that regiment was forming, the countess was seized +with terror. The thought that both her sons were at the war, had both +gone from under her wing, that today or tomorrow either or both of them +might be killed like the three sons of one of her acquaintances, struck +her that summer for the first time with cruel clearness. She tried to +get Nicholas back and wished to go herself to join Ptya, or to get +him an appointment somewhere in Petersburg, but neither of these proved +possible. Ptya could not return unless his regiment did so or unless +he was transferred to another regiment on active service. Nicholas was +somewhere with the army and had not sent a word since his last letter, +in which he had given a detailed account of his meeting with Princess +Mary. The countess did not sleep at night, or when she did fall asleep +dreamed that she saw her sons lying dead. After many consultations and +conversations, the count at last devised means to tranquillize her. He +got Ptya transferred from Obolnskis regiment to Bezkhovs, which was +in training near Moscow. Though Ptya would remain in the service, this +transfer would give the countess the consolation of seeing at least one +of her sons under her wing, and she hoped to arrange matters for her +Ptya so as not to let him go again, but always get him appointed to +places where he could not possibly take part in a battle. As long as +Nicholas alone was in danger the countess imagined that she loved her +first-born more than all her other children and even reproached herself +for it but when her youngest the scapegrace who had been bad at +lessons, was always breaking things in the house and making himself a +nuisance to everybody, that snub-nosed Ptya with his merry black eyes +and fresh rosy cheeks where soft down was just beginning to showwhen +he was thrown amid those big, dreadful, cruel men who were fighting +somewhere about something and apparently finding pleasure in itthen +his mother thought she loved him more, much more, than all her other +children. The nearer the time came for Ptya to return, the more uneasy +grew the countess. She began to think she would never live to see such +happiness. The presence of Snya, of her beloved Natsha, or even of +her husband irritated her. What do I want with them? I want no one but +Ptya, she thought. + +At the end of August the Rostvs received another letter from Nicholas. +He wrote from the province of Vornezh where he had been sent to procure +remounts, but that letter did not set the countess at ease. Knowing that +one son was out of danger she became the more anxious about Ptya. + +Though by the twentieth of August nearly all the Rostvs acquaintances +had left Moscow, and though everybody tried to persuade the countess to +get away as quickly as possible, she would not hear of leaving before +her treasure, her adored Ptya, returned. On the twenty-eighth of August +he arrived. The passionate tenderness with which his mother received him +did not please the sixteen-year-old officer. Though she concealed from +him her intention of keeping him under her wing, Ptya guessed her +designs, and instinctively fearing that he might give way to emotion +when with hermight become womanish as he termed it to himselfhe +treated her coldly, avoided her, and during his stay in Moscow attached +himself exclusively to Natsha for whom he had always had a particularly +brotherly tenderness, almost lover-like. + +Owing to the counts customary carelessness nothing was ready for their +departure by the twenty-eighth of August and the carts that were to +come from their Ryazn and Moscow estates to remove their household +belongings did not arrive till the thirtieth. + +From the twenty-eighth till the thirty-first all Moscow was in a bustle +and commotion. Every day thousands of men wounded at Borodin were +brought in by the Dorogomlov gate and taken to various parts of Moscow, +and thousands of carts conveyed the inhabitants and their possessions +out by the other gates. In spite of Rostopchns broadsheets, or because +of them or independently of them, the strangest and most contradictory +rumors were current in the town. Some said that no one was to be allowed +to leave the city, others on the contrary said that all the icons had +been taken out of the churches and everybody was to be ordered to leave. +Some said there had been another battle after Borodin at which the +French had been routed, while others on the contrary reported that the +Russian army had been destroyed. Some talked about the Moscow militia +which, preceded by the clergy, would go to the Three Hills others +whispered that Augustin had been forbidden to leave, that traitors had +been seized, that the peasants were rioting and robbing people on their +way from Moscow, and so on. But all this was only talk in reality +(though the Council of Fil, at which it was decided to abandon Moscow, +had not yet been held) both those who went away and those who remained +behind felt, though they did not show it, that Moscow would certainly +be abandoned, and that they ought to get away as quickly as possible and +save their belongings. It was felt that everything would suddenly break +up and change, but up to the first of September nothing had done so. +As a criminal who is being led to execution knows that he must die +immediately, but yet looks about him and straightens the cap that is +awry on his head, so Moscow involuntarily continued its wonted life, +though it knew that the time of its destruction was near when the +conditions of life to which its people were accustomed to submit would +be completely upset. + +During the three days preceding the occupation of Moscow the whole +Rostv family was absorbed in various activities. The head of the +family, Count Ily Rostv, continually drove about the city collecting +the current rumors from all sides and gave superficial and hasty orders +at home about the preparations for their departure. + +The countess watched the things being packed, was dissatisfied with +everything, was constantly in pursuit of Ptya who was always running +away from her, and was jealous of Natsha with whom he spent all his +time. Snya alone directed the practical side of matters by getting +things packed. But of late Snya had been particularly sad and silent. +Nicholas letter in which he mentioned Princess Mary had elicited, in +her presence, joyous comments from the countess, who saw an intervention +of Providence in this meeting of the princess and Nicholas. + +I was never pleased at Bolknskis engagement to Natsha, said the +countess, but I always wanted Nicholas to marry the princess, and had a +presentiment that it would happen. What a good thing it would be! + +Snya felt that this was true that the only possibility of retrieving +the Rostvs affairs was by Nicholas marrying a rich woman, and that the +princess was a good match. It was very bitter for her. But despite +her grief, or perhaps just because of it, she took on herself all the +difficult work of directing the storing and packing of their things and +was busy for whole days. The count and countess turned to her when they +had any orders to give. Ptya and Natsha on the contrary, far from +helping their parents, were generally a nuisance and a hindrance to +everyone. Almost all day long the house resounded with their running +feet, their cries, and their spontaneous laughter. They laughed and were +gay not because there was any reason to laugh, but because gaiety and +mirth were in their hearts and so everything that happened was a cause +for gaiety and laughter to them. Ptya was in high spirits because +having left home a boy he had returned (as everybody told him) a fine +young man, because he was at home, because he had left Blaya Tsrkov +where there was no hope of soon taking part in a battle and had come to +Moscow where there was to be fighting in a few days, and chiefly because +Natsha, whose lead he always followed, was in high spirits. Natsha was +gay because she had been sad too long and now nothing reminded her of +the cause of her sadness, and because she was feeling well. She was also +happy because she had someone to adore her the adoration of others was +a lubricant the wheels of her machine needed to make them run freelyand +Ptya adored her. Above all, they were gay because there was a war near +Moscow, there would be fighting at the town gates, arms were being +given out, everybody was escapinggoing away somewhere, and in general +something extraordinary was happening, and that is always exciting, +especially to the young. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +On Saturday, the thirty-first of August, everything in the Rostvs +house seemed topsy-turvy. All the doors were open, all the furniture was +being carried out or moved about, and the mirrors and pictures had been +taken down. There were trunks in the rooms, and hay, wrapping paper, and +ropes were scattered about. The peasants and house serfs carrying out +the things were treading heavily on the parquet floors. The yard was +crowded with peasant carts, some loaded high and already corded up, +others still empty. + +The voices and footsteps of the many servants and of the peasants who +had come with the carts resounded as they shouted to one another in +the yard and in the house. The count had been out since morning. The +countess had a headache brought on by all the noise and turmoil and was +lying down in the new sitting room with a vinegar compress on her head. +Ptya was not at home, he had gone to visit a friend with whom he meant +to obtain a transfer from the militia to the active army. Snya was in +the ballroom looking after the packing of the glass and china. Natsha +was sitting on the floor of her dismantled room with dresses, ribbons, +and scarves strewn all about her, gazing fixedly at the floor and +holding in her hands the old ball dress (already out of fashion) which +she had worn at her first Petersburg ball. + +Natsha was ashamed of doing nothing when everyone else was so busy, and +several times that morning had tried to set to work, but her heart was +not in it, and she could not and did not know how to do anything except +with all her heart and all her might. For a while she had stood beside +Snya while the china was being packed and tried to help, but soon gave +it up and went to her room to pack her own things. At first she found it +amusing to give away dresses and ribbons to the maids, but when that was +done and what was left had still to be packed, she found it dull. + +Dunysha, you pack! You will, wont you, dear? And when Dunysha +willingly promised to do it all for her, Natsha sat down on the floor, +took her old ball dress, and fell into a reverie quite unrelated to what +ought to have occupied her thoughts now. She was roused from her reverie +by the talk of the maids in the next room (which was theirs) and by the +sound of their hurried footsteps going to the back porch. Natsha got +up and looked out of the window. An enormously long row of carts full of +wounded men had stopped in the street. + +The housekeeper, the old nurse, the cooks, coachmen, maids, footmen, +postilions, and scullions stood at the gate, staring at the wounded. + +Natsha, throwing a clean pocket handkerchief over her hair and holding +an end of it in each hand, went out into the street. + +The former housekeeper, old Mvra Kuzmnichna, had stepped out of the +crowd by the gate, gone up to a cart with a hood constructed of bast +mats, and was speaking to a pale young officer who lay inside. +Natsha moved a few steps forward and stopped shyly, still holding her +handkerchief, and listened to what the housekeeper was saying. + +Then you have nobody in Moscow? she was saying. You would be more +comfortable somewhere in a house... in ours, for instance... the family +are leaving. + +I dont know if it would be allowed, replied the officer in a weak +voice. Here is our commanding officer... ask him, and he pointed to a +stout major who was walking back along the street past the row of carts. + +Natsha glanced with frightened eyes at the face of the wounded officer +and at once went to meet the major. + +May the wounded men stay in our house? she asked. + +The major raised his hand to his cap with a smile. + +Which one do you want, Maamselle? said he, screwing up his eyes and +smiling. + +Natsha quietly repeated her question, and her face and whole +manner were so serious, though she was still holding the ends of her +handkerchief, that the major ceased smiling and after some reflectionas +if considering in how far the thing was possiblereplied in the +affirmative. + +Oh yes, why not? They may, he said. + +With a slight inclination of her head, Natsha stepped back quickly to +Mvra Kuzmnichna, who stood talking compassionately to the officer. + +They may. He says they may! whispered Natsha. + +The cart in which the officer lay was turned into the Rostvs yard, +and dozens of carts with wounded men began at the invitation of the +townsfolk to turn into the yards and to draw up at the entrances of the +houses in Povarskya Street. Natsha was evidently pleased to be dealing +with new people outside the ordinary routine of her life. She and Mvra +Kuzmnichna tried to get as many of the wounded as possible into their +yard. + +Your Papa must be told, though, said Mvra Kuzmnichna. + +Never mind, never mind, what does it matter? For one day we can move +into the drawing room. They can have all our half of the house. + +There now, young lady, you do take things into your head! Even if we +put them into the wing, the mens room, or the nurses room, we must ask +permission. + +Well, Ill ask. + +Natsha ran into the house and went on tiptoe through the half-open door +into the sitting room, where there was a smell of vinegar and Hoffmans +drops. + +Are you asleep, Mamma? + +Oh, what sleep? said the countess, waking up just as she was dropping +into a doze. + +Mamma darling! said Natsha, kneeling by her mother and bringing her +face close to her mothers, I am sorry, forgive me, Ill never do it +again I woke you up! Mvra Kuzmnichna has sent me they have brought +some wounded hereofficers. Will you let them come? They have nowhere to +go. I knew youd let them come! she said quickly all in one breath. + +What officers? Whom have they brought? I dont understand anything +about it, said the countess. + +Natsha laughed, and the countess too smiled slightly. + +I knew youd give permission... so Ill tell them, and, having kissed +her mother, Natsha got up and went to the door. + +In the hall she met her father, who had returned with bad news. + +Weve stayed too long! said the count with involuntary vexation. The +Club is closed and the police are leaving. + +Papa, is it all rightIve invited some of the wounded into the house? +said Natsha. + +Of course it is, he answered absently. Thats not the point. I beg +you not to indulge in trifles now, but to help to pack, and tomorrow we +must go, go, go!... + +And the count gave a similar order to the major-domo and the servants. + +At dinner Ptya having returned home told them the news he had heard. +He said the people had been getting arms in the Krmlin, and that though +Rostopchns broadsheet had said that he would sound a call two or three +days in advance, the order had certainly already been given for everyone +to go armed to the Three Hills tomorrow, and that there would be a big +battle there. + +The countess looked with timid horror at her sons eager, excited face +as he said this. She realized that if she said a word about his not +going to the battle (she knew he enjoyed the thought of the impending +engagement) he would say something about men, honor, and the +fatherlandsomething senseless, masculine, and obstinate which there +would be no contradicting, and her plans would be spoiled and so, +hoping to arrange to leave before then and take Ptya with her as their +protector and defender, she did not answer him, but after dinner called +the count aside and implored him with tears to take her away quickly, +that very night if possible. With a womans involuntary loving cunning +she, who till then had not shown any alarm, said that she would die of +fright if they did not leave that very night. Without any pretense she +was now afraid of everything. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Madame Schoss, who had been out to visit her daughter, increased the +countess fears still more by telling what she had seen at a spirit +dealers in Myasntski Street. When returning by that street she had +been unable to pass because of a drunken crowd rioting in front of +the shop. She had taken a cab and driven home by a side street and the +cabman had told her that the people were breaking open the barrels at +the drink store, having received orders to do so. + +After dinner the whole Rostv household set to work with enthusiastic +haste packing their belongings and preparing for their departure. The +old count, suddenly setting to work, kept passing from the yard to the +house and back again, shouting confused instructions to the hurrying +people, and flurrying them still more. Ptya directed things in the +yard. Snya, owing to the counts contradictory orders, lost her head +and did not know what to do. The servants ran noisily about the house +and yard, shouting and disputing. Natsha, with the ardor characteristic +of all she did suddenly set to work too. At first her intervention in +the business of packing was received skeptically. Everybody expected +some prank from her and did not wish to obey her but she resolutely +and passionately demanded obedience, grew angry and nearly cried because +they did not heed her, and at last succeeded in making them believe her. +Her first exploit, which cost her immense effort and established her +authority, was the packing of the carpets. The count had valuable +Gobelin tapestries and Persian carpets in the house. When Natsha set +to work two cases were standing open in the ballroom, one almost full +up with crockery, the other with carpets. There was also much china +standing on the tables, and still more was being brought in from the +storeroom. A third case was needed and servants had gone to fetch it. + +Snya, wait a bitwell pack everything into these, said Natsha. + +You cant, Miss, we have tried to, said the butlers assistant. + +No, wait a minute, please. + +And Natsha began rapidly taking out of the case dishes and plates +wrapped in paper. + +The dishes must go in here among the carpets, said she. + +Why, its a mercy if we can get the carpets alone into three cases, +said the butlers assistant. + +Oh, wait, please! And Natsha began rapidly and deftly sorting out the +things. These arent needed, said she, putting aside some plates +of Kiev ware. Theseyes, these must go among the carpets, she said, +referring to the Saxony china dishes. + +Dont, Natsha! Leave it alone! Well get it all packed, urged Snya +reproachfully. + +What a young lady she is! remarked the major-domo. + +But Natsha would not give in. She turned everything out and began +quickly repacking, deciding that the inferior Russian carpets and +unnecessary crockery should not be taken at all. When everything had +been taken out of the cases, they recommenced packing, and it turned +out that when the cheaper things not worth taking had nearly all been +rejected, the valuable ones really did all go into the two cases. Only +the lid of the case containing the carpets would not shut down. A few +more things might have been taken out, but Natsha insisted on having +her own way. She packed, repacked, pressed, made the butlers assistant +and Ptyawhom she had drawn into the business of packingpress on the +lid, and made desperate efforts herself. + +Thats enough, Natsha, said Snya. I see you were right, but just +take out the top one. + +I wont! cried Natsha, with one hand holding back the hair that hung +over her perspiring face, while with the other she pressed down the +carpets. Now press, Ptya! Press, Vaslich, press hard! she cried. + +The carpets yielded and the lid closed Natsha, clapping her hands, +screamed with delight and tears fell from her eyes. But this only +lasted a moment. She at once set to work afresh and they now trusted her +completely. The count was not angry even when they told him that Natsha +had countermanded an order of his, and the servants now came to her +to ask whether a cart was sufficiently loaded, and whether it might +be corded up. Thanks to Natshas directions the work now went on +expeditiously, unnecessary things were left, and the most valuable +packed as compactly as possible. + +But hard as they all worked till quite late that night, they could not +get everything packed. The countess had fallen asleep and the count, +having put off their departure till next morning, went to bed. + +Snya and Natsha slept in the sitting room without undressing. + +That night another wounded man was driven down the Povarskya, and Mvra +Kuzmnichna, who was standing at the gate, had him brought into the +Rostvs yard. Mvra Kuzmnichna concluded that he was a very important +man. He was being conveyed in a calche with a raised hood, and was +quite covered by an apron. On the box beside the driver sat a venerable +old attendant. A doctor and two soldiers followed the carriage in a +cart. + +Please come in here. The masters are going away and the whole house +will be empty, said the old woman to the old attendant. + +Well, perhaps, said he with a sigh. We dont expect to get him home +alive! We have a house of our own in Moscow, but its a long way from +here, and theres nobody living in it. + +Do us the honor to come in, theres plenty of everything in the +masters house. Come in, said Mvra Kuzmnichna. Is he very ill? she +asked. + +The attendant made a hopeless gesture. + +We dont expect to get him home! We must ask the doctor. + +And the old servant got down from the box and went up to the cart. + +All right! said the doctor. + +The old servant returned to the calche, looked into it, shook his +head disconsolately, told the driver to turn into the yard, and stopped +beside Mvra Kuzmnichna. + +O, Lord Jesus Christ! she murmured. + +She invited them to take the wounded man into the house. + +The masters wont object... she said. + +But they had to avoid carrying the man upstairs, and so they took him +into the wing and put him in the room that had been Madame Schoss. + +This wounded man was Prince Andrew Bolknski. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +Moscows last day had come. It was a clear bright autumn day, a Sunday. +The church bells everywhere were ringing for service, just as usual on +Sundays. Nobody seemed yet to realize what awaited the city. + +Only two things indicated the social condition of Moscowthe rabble, +that is the poor people, and the price of commodities. An enormous crowd +of factory hands, house serfs, and peasants, with whom some officials, +seminarists, and gentry were mingled, had gone early that morning to +the Three Hills. Having waited there for Rostopchn who did not turn +up, they became convinced that Moscow would be surrendered, and then +dispersed all about the town to the public houses and cookshops. Prices +too that day indicated the state of affairs. The price of weapons, of +gold, of carts and horses, kept rising, but the value of paper money and +city articles kept falling, so that by midday there were instances of +carters removing valuable goods, such as cloth, and receiving in payment +a half of what they carted, while peasant horses were fetching five +hundred rubles each, and furniture, mirrors, and bronzes were being +given away for nothing. + +In the Rostvs staid old-fashioned house the dissolution of former +conditions of life was but little noticeable. As to the serfs the only +indication was that three out of their huge retinue disappeared +during the night, but nothing was stolen and as to the value of their +possessions, the thirty peasant carts that had come in from their +estates and which many people envied proved to be extremely valuable and +they were offered enormous sums of money for them. Not only were huge +sums offered for the horses and carts, but on the previous evening and +early in the morning of the first of September, orderlies and servants +sent by wounded officers came to the Rostvs and wounded men dragged +themselves there from the Rostvs and from neighboring houses where +they were accommodated, entreating the servants to try to get them +a lift out of Moscow. The major-domo to whom these entreaties were +addressed, though he was sorry for the wounded, resolutely refused, +saying that he dare not even mention the matter to the count. Pity these +wounded men as one might, it was evident that if they were given one +cart there would be no reason to refuse another, or all the carts and +ones own carriages as well. Thirty carts could not save all the wounded +and in the general catastrophe one could not disregard oneself and ones +own family. So thought the major-domo on his masters behalf. + +On waking up that morning Count Ily Rostv left his bedroom softly, so +as not to wake the countess who had fallen asleep only toward morning, +and came out to the porch in his lilac silk dressing gown. In the yard +stood the carts ready corded. The carriages were at the front porch. +The major-domo stood at the porch talking to an elderly orderly and to +a pale young officer with a bandaged arm. On seeing the count the +major-domo made a significant and stern gesture to them both to go away. + +Well, Vaslich, is everything ready? asked the count, and stroking his +bald head he looked good-naturedly at the officer and the orderly and +nodded to them. (He liked to see new faces.) + +We can harness at once, your excellency. + +Well, thats right. As soon as the countess wakes well be off, God +willing! What is it, gentlemen? he added, turning to the officer. Are +you staying in my house? + +The officer came nearer and suddenly his face flushed crimson. + +Count, be so good as to allow me... for Gods sake, to get into some +corner of one of your carts! I have nothing here with me.... I shall be +all right on a loaded cart.... + +Before the officer had finished speaking the orderly made the same +request on behalf of his master. + +Oh, yes, yes, yes! said the count hastily. I shall be very pleased, +very pleased. Vaslich, youll see to it. Just unload one or two carts. +Well, what of it... do whats necessary... said the count, muttering +some indefinite order. + +But at the same moment an expression of warm gratitude on the officers +face had already sealed the order. The count looked around him. In the +yard, at the gates, at the window of the wings, wounded officers and +their orderlies were to be seen. They were all looking at the count and +moving toward the porch. + +Please step into the gallery, your excellency, said the major-domo. +What are your orders about the pictures? + +The count went into the house with him, repeating his order not to +refuse the wounded who asked for a lift. + +Well, never mind, some of the things can be unloaded, he added in a +soft, confidential voice, as though afraid of being overheard. + +At nine oclock the countess woke up, and Matrna Timofevna, who had +been her ladys maid before her marriage and now performed a sort of +chief gendarmes duty for her, came to say that Madame Schoss was much +offended and the young ladies summer dresses could not be left behind. +On inquiry, the countess learned that Madame Schoss was offended because +her trunk had been taken down from its cart, and all the loads were +being uncorded and the luggage taken out of the carts to make room for +wounded men whom the count in the simplicity of his heart had ordered +that they should take with them. The countess sent for her husband. + +What is this, my dear? I hear that the luggage is being unloaded. + +You know, love, I wanted to tell you... Countess dear... an officer +came to me to ask for a few carts for the wounded. After all, ours are +things that can be bought but think what being left behind means to +them!... Really now, in our own yardwe asked them in ourselves and +there are officers among them.... You know, I think, my dear... let them +be taken... wheres the hurry? + +The count spoke timidly, as he always did when talking of money matters. +The countess was accustomed to this tone as a precursor of news of +something detrimental to the childrens interests, such as the building +of a new gallery or conservatory, the inauguration of a private theater +or an orchestra. She was accustomed always to oppose anything announced +in that timid tone and considered it her duty to do so. + +She assumed her dolefully submissive manner and said to her husband +Listen to me, Count, you have managed matters so that we are getting +nothing for the house, and now you wish to throw away all ourall the +childrens property! You said yourself that we have a hundred thousand +rubles worth of things in the house. I dont consent, my dear, I dont! +Do as you please! Its the governments business to look after the +wounded they know that. Look at the Lopukhns opposite, they cleared +out everything two days ago. Thats what other people do. Its only +we who are such fools. If you have no pity on me, have some for the +children. + +Flourishing his arms in despair the count left the room without +replying. + +Papa, what are you doing that for? asked Natsha, who had followed him +into her mothers room. + +Nothing! What business is it of yours? muttered the count angrily. + +But I heard, said Natsha. Why does Mamma object? + +What business is it of yours? cried the count. + +Natsha stepped up to the window and pondered. + +Papa! Heres Berg coming to see us, said she, looking out of the +window. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Berg, the Rostvs son-in-law, was already a colonel wearing the orders +of Vladmir and Anna, and he still filled the quiet and agreeable post +of assistant to the head of the staff of the assistant commander of the +first division of the Second Army. + +On the first of September he had come to Moscow from the army. + +He had nothing to do in Moscow, but he had noticed that everyone in the +army was asking for leave to visit Moscow and had something to do there. +So he considered it necessary to ask for leave of absence for family and +domestic reasons. + +Berg drove up to his father-in-laws house in his spruce little trap +with a pair of sleek roans, exactly like those of a certain prince. He +looked attentively at the carts in the yard and while going up to the +porch took out a clean pocket handkerchief and tied a knot in it. + +From the anteroom Berg ran with smooth though impatient steps into the +drawing room, where he embraced the count, kissed the hands of Natsha +and Snya, and hastened to inquire after Mammas health. + +Health, at a time like this? said the count. Come, tell us the news! +Is the army retreating or will there be another battle? + +God Almighty alone can decide the fate of our fatherland, Papa, said +Berg. The army is burning with a spirit of heroism and the leaders, so +to say, have now assembled in council. No one knows what is coming. But +in general I can tell you, Papa, that such a heroic spirit, the truly +antique valor of the Russian army, which theywhich it (he corrected +himself) has shown or displayed in the battle of the twenty-sixththere +are no words worthy to do it justice! I tell you, Papa (he smote +himself on the breast as a general he had heard speaking had done, but +Berg did it a trifle late for he should have struck his breast at the +words Russian army), I tell you frankly that we, the commanders, far +from having to urge the men on or anything of that kind, could hardly +restrain those... those... yes, those exploits of antique valor, he +went on rapidly. General Barclay de Tolly risked his life everywhere at +the head of the troops, I can assure you. Our corps was stationed on a +hillside. You can imagine! + +And Berg related all that he remembered of the various tales he had +heard those days. Natsha watched him with an intent gaze that confused +him, as if she were trying to find in his face the answer to some +question. + +Altogether such heroism as was displayed by the Russian warriors +cannot be imagined or adequately praised! said Berg, glancing round +at Natsha, and as if anxious to conciliate her, replying to her intent +look with a smile. Russia is not in Moscow, she lives in the hearts of +her sons! Isnt it so, Papa? said he. + +Just then the countess came in from the sitting room with a weary and +dissatisfied expression. Berg hurriedly jumped up, kissed her hand, +asked about her health, and, swaying his head from side to side to +express sympathy, remained standing beside her. + +Yes, Mamma, I tell you sincerely that these are hard and sad times for +every Russian. But why are you so anxious? You have still time to get +away.... + +I cant think what the servants are about, said the countess, turning +to her husband. I have just been told that nothing is ready yet. +Somebody after all must see to things. One misses Mtenka at such times. +There wont be any end to it. + +The count was about to say something, but evidently restrained himself. +He got up from his chair and went to the door. + +At that moment Berg drew out his handkerchief as if to blow his nose +and, seeing the knot in it, pondered, shaking his head sadly and +significantly. + +And I have a great favor to ask of you, Papa, said he. + +Hm... said the count, and stopped. + +I was driving past Yuspovs house just now, said Berg with a laugh, +when the steward, a man I know, ran out and asked me whether I wouldnt +buy something. I went in out of curiosity, you know, and there is a +small chiffonier and a dressing table. You know how dear Vra wanted a +chiffonier like that and how we had a dispute about it. (At the mention +of the chiffonier and dressing table Berg involuntarily changed his tone +to one of pleasure at his admirable domestic arrangements.) And its +such a beauty! It pulls out and has a secret English drawer, you know! +And dear Vra has long wanted one. I wish to give her a surprise, you +see. I saw so many of those peasant carts in your yard. Please let me +have one, I will pay the man well, and... + +The count frowned and coughed. + +Ask the countess, I dont give orders. + +If its inconvenient, please dont, said Berg. Only I so wanted it, +for dear Vras sake. + +Oh, go to the devil, all of you! To the devil, the devil, the devil... +cried the old count. My heads in a whirl! + +And he left the room. The countess began to cry. + +Yes, Mamma! Yes, these are very hard times! said Berg. + +Natsha left the room with her father and, as if finding it difficult to +reach some decision, first followed him and then ran downstairs. + +Ptya was in the porch, engaged in giving out weapons to the servants +who were to leave Moscow. The loaded carts were still standing in the +yard. Two of them had been uncorded and a wounded officer was climbing +into one of them helped by an orderly. + +Do you know what its about? Ptya asked Natsha. + +She understood that he meant what were their parents quarreling about. +She did not answer. + +Its because Papa wanted to give up all the carts to the wounded, said +Ptya. Vaslich told me. I consider... + +I consider, Natsha suddenly almost shouted, turning her angry face to +Ptya, I consider it so horrid, so abominable, so... I dont know what. +Are we despicable Germans? + +Her throat quivered with convulsive sobs and, afraid of weakening and +letting the force of her anger run to waste, she turned and rushed +headlong up the stairs. + +Berg was sitting beside the countess consoling her with the respectful +attention of a relative. The count, pipe in hand, was pacing up and down +the room, when Natsha, her face distorted by anger, burst in like a +tempest and approached her mother with rapid steps. + +Its horrid! Its abominable! she screamed. You cant possibly have +ordered it! + +Berg and the countess looked at her, perplexed and frightened. The count +stood still at the window and listened. + +Mamma, its impossible see what is going on in the yard! she cried. +They will be left!... + +Whats the matter with you? Who are they? What do you want? + +Why, the wounded! Its impossible, Mamma. Its monstrous!... No, Mamma +darling, its not the thing. Please forgive me, darling.... Mamma, what +does it matter what we take away? Only look what is going on in the +yard... Mamma!... Its impossible! + +The count stood by the window and listened without turning round. +Suddenly he sniffed and put his face closer to the window. + +The countess glanced at her daughter, saw her face full of shame for her +mother, saw her agitation, and understood why her husband did not turn +to look at her now, and she glanced round quite disconcerted. + +Oh, do as you like! Am I hindering anyone? she said, not surrendering +at once. + +Mamma, darling, forgive me! + +But the countess pushed her daughter away and went up to her husband. + +My dear, you order what is right.... You know I dont understand about +it, said she, dropping her eyes shamefacedly. + +The eggs... the eggs are teaching the hen, muttered the count through +tears of joy, and he embraced his wife who was glad to hide her look of +shame on his breast. + +Papa! Mamma! May I see to it? May I?... asked Natsha. We will still +take all the most necessary things. + +The count nodded affirmatively, and Natsha, at the rapid pace at which +she used to run when playing at tag, ran through the ballroom to the +anteroom and downstairs into the yard. + +The servants gathered round Natsha, but could not believe the strange +order she brought them until the count himself, in his wifes name, +confirmed the order to give up all the carts to the wounded and take the +trunks to the storerooms. When they understood that order the servants +set to work at this new task with pleasure and zeal. It no longer seemed +strange to them but on the contrary it seemed the only thing that could +be done, just as a quarter of an hour before it had not seemed strange +to anyone that the wounded should be left behind and the goods carted +away but that had seemed the only thing to do. + +The whole household, as if to atone for not having done it sooner, set +eagerly to work at the new task of placing the wounded in the carts. The +wounded dragged themselves out of their rooms and stood with pale but +happy faces round the carts. The news that carts were to be had spread +to the neighboring houses, from which wounded men began to come into the +Rostvs yard. Many of the wounded asked them not to unload the carts +but only to let them sit on the top of the things. But the work of +unloading, once started, could not be arrested. It seemed not to matter +whether all or only half the things were left behind. Cases full of +china, bronzes, pictures, and mirrors that had been so carefully +packed the night before now lay about the yard, and still they went on +searching for and finding possibilities of unloading this or that and +letting the wounded have another and yet another cart. + +We can take four more men, said the steward. They can have my trap, +or else what is to become of them? + +Let them have my wardrobe cart, said the countess. Dunysha can go +with me in the carriage. + +They unloaded the wardrobe cart and sent it to take wounded men from a +house two doors off. The whole household, servants included, was bright +and animated. Natsha was in a state of rapturous excitement such as she +had not known for a long time. + +What could we fasten this onto? asked the servants, trying to fix a +trunk on the narrow footboard behind a carriage. We must keep at least +one cart. + +Whats in it? asked Natsha. + +The counts books. + +Leave it, Vaslich will put it away. Its not wanted. + +The phaeton was full of people and there was a doubt as to where Count +Peter could sit. + +On the box. Youll sit on the box, wont you, Ptya? cried Natsha. + +Snya too was busy all this time, but the aim of her efforts was quite +different from Natshas. She was putting away the things that had to +be left behind and making a list of them as the countess wished, and she +tried to get as much taken away with them as possible. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Before two oclock in the afternoon the Rostvs four carriages, packed +full and with the horses harnessed, stood at the front door. One by one +the carts with the wounded had moved out of the yard. + +The calche in which Prince Andrew was being taken attracted Snyas +attention as it passed the front porch. With the help of a maid she was +arranging a seat for the countess in the huge high coach that stood at +the entrance. + +Whose calche is that? she inquired, leaning out of the carriage +window. + +Why, didnt you know, Miss? replied the maid. The wounded prince he +spent the night in our house and is going with us. + +But who is it? Whats his name? + +Its our intended that wasPrince Bolknski himself! They say he is +dying, replied the maid with a sigh. + +Snya jumped out of the coach and ran to the countess. The countess, +tired out and already dressed in shawl and bonnet for her journey, +was pacing up and down the drawing room, waiting for the household to +assemble for the usual silent prayer with closed doors before starting. +Natsha was not in the room. + +Mamma, said Snya, Prince Andrew is here, mortally wounded. He is +going with us. + +The countess opened her eyes in dismay and, seizing Snyas arm, glanced +around. + +Natsha? she murmured. + +At that moment this news had only one significance for both of them. +They knew their Natsha, and alarm as to what would happen if she heard +this news stifled all sympathy for the man they both liked. + +Natsha does not know yet, but he is going with us, said Snya. + +You say he is dying? + +Snya nodded. + +The countess put her arms around Snya and began to cry. + +The ways of God are past finding out! she thought, feeling that the +Almighty Hand, hitherto unseen, was becoming manifest in all that was +now taking place. + +Well, Mamma? Everything is ready. Whats the matter? asked Natsha, as +with animated face she ran into the room. + +Nothing, answered the countess. If everything is ready let us start. + +And the countess bent over her reticule to hide her agitated face. Snya +embraced Natsha and kissed her. + +Natsha looked at her inquiringly. + +What is it? What has happened? + +Nothing... No... + +Is it something very bad for me? What is it? persisted Natsha with +her quick intuition. + +Snya sighed and made no reply. The count, Ptya, Madame Schoss, Mvra +Kuzmnichna, and Vaslich came into the drawing room and, having closed +the doors, they all sat down and remained for some moments silently +seated without looking at one another. + +The count was the first to rise, and with a loud sigh crossed himself +before the icon. All the others did the same. Then the count embraced +Mvra Kuzmnichna and Vaslich, who were to remain in Moscow, and while +they caught at his hand and kissed his shoulder he patted their backs +lightly with some vaguely affectionate and comforting words. The +countess went into the oratory and there Snya found her on her knees +before the icons that had been left here and there hanging on the wall. +(The most precious ones, with which some family tradition was connected, +were being taken with them.) + +In the porch and in the yard the men whom Ptya had armed with swords +and daggers, with trousers tucked inside their high boots and with belts +and girdles tightened, were taking leave of those remaining behind. + +As is always the case at a departure, much had been forgotten or put in +the wrong place, and for a long time two menservants stood one on +each side of the open door and the carriage steps waiting to help the +countess in, while maids rushed with cushions and bundles from the house +to the carriages, the calche, the phaeton, and back again. + +They always will forget everything! said the countess. Dont you know +I cant sit like that? + +And Dunysha, with clenched teeth, without replying but with an +aggrieved look on her face, hastily got into the coach to rearrange the +seat. + +Oh, those servants! said the count, swaying his head. + +Efm, the old coachman, who was the only one the countess trusted to +drive her, sat perched up high on the box and did not so much as glance +round at what was going on behind him. From thirty years experience +he knew it would be some time yet before the order, Be off, in Gods +name! would be given him and he knew that even when it was said +he would be stopped once or twice more while they sent back to fetch +something that had been forgotten, and even after that he would again +be stopped and the countess herself would lean out of the window and beg +him for the love of heaven to drive carefully down the hill. He knew +all this and therefore waited calmly for what would happen, with more +patience than the horses, especially the near one, the chestnut Falcon, +who was pawing the ground and champing his bit. At last all were +seated, the carriage steps were folded and pulled up, the door was shut, +somebody was sent for a traveling case, and the countess leaned out +and said what she had to say. Then Efm deliberately doffed his hat and +began crossing himself. The postilion and all the other servants did the +same. Off, in Gods name! said Efm, putting on his hat. Start! The +postilion started the horses, the off pole horse tugged at his collar, +the high springs creaked, and the body of the coach swayed. The footman +sprang onto the box of the moving coach which jolted as it passed out +of the yard onto the uneven roadway the other vehicles jolted in +their turn, and the procession of carriages moved up the street. In the +carriages, the calche, and the phaeton, all crossed themselves as they +passed the church opposite the house. Those who were to remain in Moscow +walked on either side of the vehicles seeing the travelers off. + +Rarely had Natsha experienced so joyful a feeling as now, sitting in +the carriage beside the countess and gazing at the slowly receding +walls of forsaken, agitated Moscow. Occasionally she leaned out of the +carriage window and looked back and then forward at the long train of +wounded in front of them. Almost at the head of the line she could see +the raised hood of Prince Andrews calche. She did not know who was +in it, but each time she looked at the procession her eyes sought that +calche. She knew it was right in front. + +In Kdrino, from the Niktski, Prsnya, and Podnovnsk Streets came +several other trains of vehicles similar to the Rostvs, and as they +passed along the Sadvaya Street the carriages and carts formed two rows +abreast. + +As they were going round the Skharev water tower Natsha, who was +inquisitively and alertly scrutinizing the people driving or walking +past, suddenly cried out in joyful surprise + +Dear me! Mamma, Snya, look, its he! + +Who? Who? + +Look! Yes, on my word, its Bezkhov! said Natsha, putting her head +out of the carriage and staring at a tall, stout man in a coachmans +long coat, who from his manner of walking and moving was evidently +a gentleman in disguise, and who was passing under the arch of the +Skharev tower accompanied by a small, sallow-faced, beardless old man +in a frieze coat. + +Yes, it really is Bezkhov in a coachmans coat, with a queer-looking +old boy. Really, said Natsha, look, look! + +No, its not he. How can you talk such nonsense? + +Mamma, screamed Natsha, Ill stake my head its he! I assure you! +Stop, stop! she cried to the coachman. + +But the coachman could not stop, for from the Meshchnski Street came +more carts and carriages, and the Rostvs were being shouted at to move +on and not block the way. + +In fact, however, though now much farther off than before, the Rostvs +all saw Pierreor someone extraordinarily like himin a coachmans coat, +going down the street with head bent and a serious face beside a small, +beardless old man who looked like a footman. That old man noticed a +face thrust out of the carriage window gazing at them, and respectfully +touching Pierres elbow said something to him and pointed to the +carriage. Pierre, evidently engrossed in thought, could not at first +understand him. At length when he had understood and looked in the +direction the old man indicated, he recognized Natsha, and following +his first impulse stepped instantly and rapidly toward the coach. But +having taken a dozen steps he seemed to remember something and stopped. + +Natshas face, leaning out of the window, beamed with quizzical +kindliness. + +Peter Kirlovich, come here! We have recognized you! This is +wonderful! she cried, holding out her hand to him. What are you doing? +Why are you like this? + +Pierre took her outstretched hand and kissed it awkwardly as he walked +along beside her while the coach still moved on. + +What is the matter, Count? asked the countess in a surprised and +commiserating tone. + +What? What? Why? Dont ask me, said Pierre, and looked round at +Natsha whose radiant, happy expressionof which he was conscious +without looking at herfilled him with enchantment. + +Are you remaining in Moscow, then? + +Pierre hesitated. + +In Moscow? he said in a questioning tone. Yes, in Moscow. Good-by! + +Ah, if only I were a man! Id certainly stay with you. How splendid! +said Natsha. Mamma, if youll let me, Ill stay! + +Pierre glanced absently at Natsha and was about to say something, but +the countess interrupted him. + +You were at the battle, we heard. + +Yes, I was, Pierre answered. There will be another battle +tomorrow... he began, but Natsha interrupted him. + +But what is the matter with you, Count? You are not like yourself.... + +Oh, dont ask me, dont ask me! I dont know myself. Tomorrow... But +no! Good-by, good-by! he muttered. Its an awful time! and dropping +behind the carriage he stepped onto the pavement. + +Natsha continued to lean out of the window for a long time, beaming at +him with her kindly, slightly quizzical, happy smile. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +For the last two days, ever since leaving home, Pierre had been living +in the empty house of his deceased benefactor, Bazdev. This is how it +happened. + +When he woke up on the morning after his return to Moscow and his +interview with Count Rostopchn, he could not for some time make out +where he was and what was expected of him. When he was informed that +among others awaiting him in his reception room there was a Frenchman +who had brought a letter from his wife, the Countess Hlne, he felt +suddenly overcome by that sense of confusion and hopelessness to which +he was apt to succumb. He felt that everything was now at an end, all +was in confusion and crumbling to pieces, that nobody was right or +wrong, the future held nothing, and there was no escape from this +position. Smiling unnaturally and muttering to himself, he first sat +down on the sofa in an attitude of despair, then rose, went to the door +of the reception room and peeped through the crack, returned flourishing +his arms, and took up a book. His major-domo came in a second time to +say that the Frenchman who had brought the letter from the countess +was very anxious to see him if only for a minute, and that someone from +Bazdevs widow had called to ask Pierre to take charge of her husbands +books, as she herself was leaving for the country. + +Oh, yes, in a minute wait... or no! No, of course... go and say I will +come directly, Pierre replied to the major-domo. + +But as soon as the man had left the room Pierre took up his hat which +was lying on the table and went out of his study by the other door. +There was no one in the passage. He went along the whole length of this +passage to the stairs and, frowning and rubbing his forehead with +both hands, went down as far as the first landing. The hall porter was +standing at the front door. From the landing where Pierre stood there +was a second staircase leading to the back entrance. He went down that +staircase and out into the yard. No one had seen him. But there were +some carriages waiting, and as soon as Pierre stepped out of the gate +the coachmen and the yard porter noticed him and raised their caps to +him. When he felt he was being looked at he behaved like an ostrich +which hides its head in a bush in order not to be seen he hung his head +and quickening his pace went down the street. + +Of all the affairs awaiting Pierre that day the sorting of Joseph +Bazdevs books and papers appeared to him the most necessary. + +He hired the first cab he met and told the driver to go to the +Patriarchs Ponds, where the widow Bazdevs house was. + +Continually turning round to look at the rows of loaded carts that were +making their way from all sides out of Moscow, and balancing his bulky +body so as not to slip out of the ramshackle old vehicle, Pierre, +experiencing the joyful feeling of a boy escaping from school, began to +talk to his driver. + +The man told him that arms were being distributed today at the Krmlin +and that tomorrow everyone would be sent out beyond the Three Hills +gates and a great battle would be fought there. + +Having reached the Patriarchs Ponds Pierre found the Bazdevs house, +where he had not been for a long time past. He went up to the gate. +Gersim, that sallow beardless old man Pierre had seen at Torzhk five +years before with Joseph Bazdev, came out in answer to his knock. + +At home? asked Pierre. + +Owing to the present state of things Sophia Danlovna has gone to the +Torzhk estate with the children, your excellency. + +I will come in all the same, I have to look through the books, said +Pierre. + +Be so good as to step in. Makr Alexevich, the brother of my late +mastermay the kingdom of heaven be hishas remained here, but he is in +a weak state as you know, said the old servant. + +Pierre knew that Makr Alexevich was Joseph Bazdevs half-insane +brother and a hard drinker. + +Yes, yes, I know. Let us go in... said Pierre and entered the house. + +A tall, bald-headed old man with a red nose, wearing a dressing gown and +with galoshes on his bare feet, stood in the anteroom. On seeing Pierre +he muttered something angrily and went away along the passage. + +He was a very clever man but has now grown quite feeble, as your honor +sees, said Gersim. Will you step into the study? Pierre nodded. As +it was sealed up so it has remained, but Sophia Danlovna gave orders +that if anyone should come from you they were to have the books. + +Pierre went into that gloomy study which he had entered with such +trepidation in his benefactors lifetime. The room, dusty and untouched +since the death of Joseph Bazdev was now even gloomier. + +Gersim opened one of the shutters and left the room on tiptoe. Pierre +went round the study, approached the cupboard in which the manuscripts +were kept, and took out what had once been one of the most important, +the holy of holies of the order. This was the authentic Scotch Acts +with Bazdevs notes and explanations. He sat down at the dusty writing +table, and, having laid the manuscripts before him, opened them out, +closed them, finally pushed them away, and resting his head on his hand +sank into meditation. + +Gersim looked cautiously into the study several times and saw Pierre +always sitting in the same attitude. + +More than two hours passed and Gersim took the liberty of making a +slight noise at the door to attract his attention, but Pierre did not +hear him. + +Is the cabman to be discharged, your honor? + +Oh yes! said Pierre, rousing himself and rising hurriedly. Look +here, he added, taking Gersim by a button of his coat and looking down +at the old man with moist, shining, and ecstatic eyes, I say, do you +know that there is going to be a battle tomorrow? + +We heard so, replied the man. + +I beg you not to tell anyone who I am, and to do what I ask you. + +Yes, your excellency, replied Gersim. Will you have something to +eat? + +No, but I want something else. I want peasant clothes and a pistol, +said Pierre, unexpectedly blushing. + +Yes, your excellency, said Gersim after thinking for a moment. + +All the rest of that day Pierre spent alone in his benefactors study, +and Gersim heard him pacing restlessly from one corner to another and +talking to himself. And he spent the night on a bed made up for him +there. + +Gersim, being a servant who in his time had seen many strange things, +accepted Pierres taking up his residence in the house without surprise, +and seemed pleased to have someone to wait on. That same eveningwithout +even asking himself what they were wanted forhe procured a coachmans +coat and cap for Pierre, and promised to get him the pistol next day. +Makr Alexevich came twice that evening shuffling along in his galoshes +as far as the door and stopped and looked ingratiatingly at Pierre. But +as soon as Pierre turned toward him he wrapped his dressing gown around +him with a shamefaced and angry look and hurried away. It was when +Pierre (wearing the coachmans coat which Gersim had procured for him +and had disinfected by steam) was on his way with the old man to buy the +pistol at the Skharev market that he met the Rostvs. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +Kutzovs order to retreat through Moscow to the Ryazn road was issued +at night on the first of September. + +The first troops started at once, and during the night they marched +slowly and steadily without hurry. At daybreak, however, those nearing +the town at the Dorogomlov bridge saw ahead of them masses of soldiers +crowding and hurrying across the bridge, ascending on the opposite side +and blocking the streets and alleys, while endless masses of troops were +bearing down on them from behind, and an unreasoning hurry and alarm +overcame them. They all rushed forward to the bridge, onto it, and +to the fords and the boats. Kutzov himself had driven round by side +streets to the other side of Moscow. + +By ten oclock in the morning of the second of September, only the rear +guard remained in the Dorogomlov suburb, where they had ample room. The +main army was on the other side of Moscow or beyond it. + +At that very time, at ten in the morning of the second of September, +Napoleon was standing among his troops on the Poklnny Hill looking at +the panorama spread out before him. From the twenty-sixth of August +to the second of September, that is from the battle of Borodin to the +entry of the French into Moscow, during the whole of that agitating, +memorable week, there had been the extraordinary autumn weather that +always comes as a surprise, when the sun hangs low and gives more heat +than in spring, when everything shines so brightly in the rare clear +atmosphere that the eyes smart, when the lungs are strengthened and +refreshed by inhaling the aromatic autumn air, when even the nights +are warm, and when in those dark warm nights, golden stars startle and +delight us continually by falling from the sky. + +At ten in the morning of the second of September this weather still +held. + +The brightness of the morning was magical. Moscow seen from the Poklnny +Hill lay spaciously spread out with her river, her gardens, and her +churches, and she seemed to be living her usual life, her cupolas +glittering like stars in the sunlight. + +The view of the strange city with its peculiar architecture, such as +he had never seen before, filled Napoleon with the rather envious and +uneasy curiosity men feel when they see an alien form of life that has +no knowledge of them. This city was evidently living with the full force +of its own life. By the indefinite signs which, even at a distance, +distinguish a living body from a dead one, Napoleon from the Poklnny +Hill perceived the throb of life in the town and felt, as it were, the +breathing of that great and beautiful body. + +Every Russian looking at Moscow feels her to be a mother every +foreigner who sees her, even if ignorant of her significance as the +mother city, must feel her feminine character, and Napoleon felt it. + +Cette ville asiatique aux innombrables glises, Moscou la sainte. La +voil donc enfin, cette fameuse ville! Il tait temps, * said he, and +dismounting he ordered a plan of Moscow to be spread out before him, and +summoned Lelorgne dIdeville, the interpreter. + + * That Asiatic city of the innumerable churches, holy + Moscow! Here it is then at last, that famous city. It was + high time. + + +A town captured by the enemy is like a maid who has lost her honor, +thought he (he had said so to Tchkov at Smolnsk). From that point of +view he gazed at the Oriental beauty he had not seen before. It seemed +strange to him that his long-felt wish, which had seemed unattainable, +had at last been realized. In the clear morning light he gazed now at +the city and now at the plan, considering its details, and the assurance +of possessing it agitated and awed him. + +But could it be otherwise? he thought. Here is this capital at my +feet. Where is Alexander now, and of what is he thinking? A strange, +beautiful, and majestic city and a strange and majestic moment! In what +light must I appear to them! thought he, thinking of his troops. +Here she is, the reward for all those fainthearted men, he reflected, +glancing at those near him and at the troops who were approaching and +forming up. One word from me, one movement of my hand, and that ancient +capital of the Tsars would perish. But my clemency is always ready to +descend upon the vanquished. I must be magnanimous and truly great. But +no, it cant be true that I am in Moscow, he suddenly thought. +Yet here she is lying at my feet, with her golden domes and crosses +scintillating and twinkling in the sunshine. But I shall spare her. On +the ancient monuments of barbarism and despotism I will inscribe great +words of justice and mercy.... It is just this which Alexander will +feel most painfully, I know him. (It seemed to Napoleon that the chief +import of what was taking place lay in the personal struggle between +himself and Alexander.) From the height of the Krmlinyes, there +is the Krmlin, yesI will give them just laws I will teach them the +meaning of true civilization, I will make generations of boyars remember +their conqueror with love. I will tell the deputation that I did not, +and do not, desire war, that I have waged war only against the false +policy of their court that I love and respect Alexander and that in +Moscow I will accept terms of peace worthy of myself and of my people. +I do not wish to utilize the fortunes of war to humiliate an honored +monarch. Boyars, I will say to them, I do not desire war, I desire +the peace and welfare of all my subjects. However, I know their +presence will inspire me, and I shall speak to them as I always do +clearly, impressively, and majestically. But can it be true that I am in +Moscow? Yes, there she lies. + +Quon mamne les boyars, * said he to his suite. + + * Bring the boyars to me. + + +A general with a brilliant suite galloped off at once to fetch the +boyars. + +Two hours passed. Napoleon had lunched and was again standing in the +same place on the Poklnny Hill awaiting the deputation. His speech to +the boyars had already taken definite shape in his imagination. That +speech was full of dignity and greatness as Napoleon understood it. + +He was himself carried away by the tone of magnanimity he intended to +adopt toward Moscow. In his imagination he appointed days for assemblies +at the palace of the Tsars, at which Russian notables and his own would +mingle. He mentally appointed a governor, one who would win the +hearts of the people. Having learned that there were many charitable +institutions in Moscow he mentally decided that he would shower favors +on them all. He thought that, as in Africa he had to put on a burnoose +and sit in a mosque, so in Moscow he must be beneficent like the Tsars. +And in order finally to touch the hearts of the Russiansand being like +all Frenchmen unable to imagine anything sentimental without a reference +to ma chre, ma tendre, ma pauvre mre * he decided that he would +place an inscription on all these establishments in large letters +This establishment is dedicated to my dear mother. Or no, it should +be simply Maison de ma Mre, *(2) he concluded. But am I really in +Moscow? Yes, here it lies before me, but why is the deputation from the +city so long in appearing? he wondered. + + * My dear, my tender, my poor mother. + + * (2) House of my Mother. + + +Meanwhile an agitated consultation was being carried on in whispers +among his generals and marshals at the rear of his suite. Those sent to +fetch the deputation had returned with the news that Moscow was empty, +that everyone had left it. The faces of those who were not conferring +together were pale and perturbed. They were not alarmed by the fact +that Moscow had been abandoned by its inhabitants (grave as that fact +seemed), but by the question how to tell the Emperorwithout putting +him in the terrible position of appearing ridiculousthat he had been +awaiting the boyars so long in vain that there were drunken mobs left +in Moscow but no one else. Some said that a deputation of some sort must +be scraped together, others disputed that opinion and maintained that +the Emperor should first be carefully and skillfully prepared, and then +told the truth. + +He will have to be told, all the same, said some gentlemen of the +suite. But, gentlemen... + +The position was the more awkward because the Emperor, meditating upon +his magnanimous plans, was pacing patiently up and down before the +outspread map, occasionally glancing along the road to Moscow from under +his lifted hand with a bright and proud smile. + +But its impossible... declared the gentlemen of the suite, shrugging +their shoulders but not venturing to utter the implied wordle +ridicule.... + +At last the Emperor, tired of futile expectation, his actors instinct +suggesting to him that the sublime moment having been too long drawn out +was beginning to lose its sublimity, gave a sign with his hand. A single +report of a signaling gun followed, and the troops, who were already +spread out on different sides of Moscow, moved into the city through the +Tver, Kalga, and Dorogomlov gates. Faster and faster, vying with +one another, they moved at the double or at a trot, vanishing amid the +clouds of dust they raised and making the air ring with a deafening roar +of mingling shouts. + +Drawn on by the movement of his troops Napoleon rode with them as far as +the Dorogomlov gate, but there again stopped and, dismounting from his +horse, paced for a long time by the Kmmer-Kollzski rampart, awaiting +the deputation. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +Meanwhile Moscow was empty. There were still people in it, perhaps a +fiftieth part of its former inhabitants had remained, but it was empty. +It was empty in the sense that a dying queenless hive is empty. + +In a queenless hive no life is left though to a superficial glance it +seems as much alive as other hives. + +The bees circle round a queenless hive in the hot beams of the midday +sun as gaily as around the living hives from a distance it smells of +honey like the others, and bees fly in and out in the same way. But one +has only to observe that hive to realize that there is no longer any +life in it. The bees do not fly in the same way, the smell and the sound +that meet the beekeeper are not the same. To the beekeepers tap on the +wall of the sick hive, instead of the former instant unanimous +humming of tens of thousands of bees with their abdomens threateningly +compressed, and producing by the rapid vibration of their wings an +aerial living sound, the only reply is a disconnected buzzing from +different parts of the deserted hive. From the alighting board, instead +of the former spirituous fragrant smell of honey and venom, and the warm +whiffs of crowded life, comes an odor of emptiness and decay mingling +with the smell of honey. There are no longer sentinels sounding the +alarm with their abdomens raised, and ready to die in defense of the +hive. There is no longer the measured quiet sound of throbbing activity, +like the sound of boiling water, but diverse discordant sounds of +disorder. In and out of the hive long black robber bees smeared with +honey fly timidly and shiftily. They do not sting, but crawl away from +danger. Formerly only bees laden with honey flew into the hive, and they +flew out empty now they fly out laden. The beekeeper opens the lower +part of the hive and peers in. Instead of black, glossy beestamed by +toil, clinging to one anothers legs and drawing out the wax, with a +ceaseless hum of laborthat used to hang in long clusters down to the +floor of the hive, drowsy shriveled bees crawl about separately in +various directions on the floor and walls of the hive. Instead of a +neatly glued floor, swept by the bees with the fanning of their wings, +there is a floor littered with bits of wax, excrement, dying bees +scarcely moving their legs, and dead ones that have not been cleared +away. + +The beekeeper opens the upper part of the hive and examines the super. +Instead of serried rows of bees sealing up every gap in the combs and +keeping the brood warm, he sees the skillful complex structures of the +combs, but no longer in their former state of purity. All is neglected +and foul. Black robber bees are swiftly and stealthily prowling about +the combs, and the short home bees, shriveled and listless as if they +were old, creep slowly about without trying to hinder the robbers, +having lost all motive and all sense of life. Drones, bumblebees, wasps, +and butterflies knock awkwardly against the walls of the hive in their +flight. Here and there among the cells containing dead brood and honey +an angry buzzing can sometimes be heard. Here and there a couple of +bees, by force of habit and custom cleaning out the brood cells, with +efforts beyond their strength laboriously drag away a dead bee or +bumblebee without knowing why they do it. In another corner two old bees +are languidly fighting, or cleaning themselves, or feeding one another, +without themselves knowing whether they do it with friendly or hostile +intent. In a third place a crowd of bees, crushing one another, attack +some victim and fight and smother it, and the victim, enfeebled or +killed, drops from above slowly and lightly as a feather, among the heap +of corpses. The keeper opens the two center partitions to examine +the brood cells. In place of the former close dark circles formed by +thousands of bees sitting back to back and guarding the high mystery +of generation, he sees hundreds of dull, listless, and sleepy shells of +bees. They have almost all died unawares, sitting in the sanctuary they +had guarded and which is now no more. They reek of decay and death. Only +a few of them still move, rise, and feebly fly to settle on the enemys +hand, lacking the spirit to die stinging him the rest are dead and fall +as lightly as fish scales. The beekeeper closes the hive, chalks a mark +on it, and when he has time tears out its contents and burns it clean. + +So in the same way Moscow was empty when Napoleon, weary, uneasy, and +morose, paced up and down in front of the Kmmer-Kollzski rampart, +awaiting what to his mind was a necessary, if but formal, observance of +the proprietiesa deputation. + +In various corners of Moscow there still remained a few people aimlessly +moving about, following their old habits and hardly aware of what they +were doing. + +When with due circumspection Napoleon was informed that Moscow was +empty, he looked angrily at his informant, turned away, and silently +continued to walk to and fro. + +My carriage! he said. + +He took his seat beside the aide-de-camp on duty and drove into the +suburb. Moscow deserted! he said to himself. What an incredible +event! + +He did not drive into the town, but put up at an inn in the Dorogomlov +suburb. + +The coup de thtre had not come off. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXI + +The Russian troops were passing through Moscow from two oclock at night +till two in the afternoon and bore away with them the wounded and the +last of the inhabitants who were leaving. + +The greatest crush during the movement of the troops took place at the +Stone, Moskv, and Yaza bridges. + +While the troops, dividing into two parts when passing around the +Krmlin, were thronging the Moskv and the Stone bridges, a great many +soldiers, taking advantage of the stoppage and congestion, turned back +from the bridges and slipped stealthily and silently past the church of +Vasli the Beatified and under the Borovtski gate, back up the hill +to the Red Square where some instinct told them they could easily take +things not belonging to them. Crowds of the kind seen at cheap sales +filled all the passages and alleys of the Bazaar. But there were no +dealers with voices of ingratiating affability inviting customers to +enter there were no hawkers, nor the usual motley crowd of female +purchasersbut only soldiers, in uniforms and overcoats though without +muskets, entering the Bazaar empty-handed and silently making their way +out through its passages with bundles. Tradesmen and their assistants +(of whom there were but few) moved about among the soldiers quite +bewildered. They unlocked their shops and locked them up again, and +themselves carried goods away with the help of their assistants. On the +square in front of the Bazaar were drummers beating the muster call. +But the roll of the drums did not make the looting soldiers run in the +direction of the drum as formerly, but made them, on the contrary, run +farther away. Among the soldiers in the shops and passages some men were +to be seen in gray coats, with closely shaven heads. Two officers, one +with a scarf over his uniform and mounted on a lean, dark-gray horse, +the other in an overcoat and on foot, stood at the corner of Ilynka +Street, talking. A third officer galloped up to them. + +The general orders them all to be driven out at once, without fail. +This is outrageous! Half the men have dispersed. + +Where are you off to?... Where?... he shouted to three infantrymen +without muskets who, holding up the skirts of their overcoats, were +slipping past him into the Bazaar passage. Stop, you rascals! + +But how are you going to stop them? replied another officer. There is +no getting them together. The army should push on before the rest bolt, +thats all! + +How can one push on? They are stuck there, wedged on the bridge, and +dont move. Shouldnt we put a cordon round to prevent the rest from +running away? + +Come, go in there and drive them out! shouted the senior officer. + +The officer in the scarf dismounted, called up a drummer, and went with +him into the arcade. Some soldiers started running away in a group. A +shopkeeper with red pimples on his cheeks near the nose, and a calm, +persistent, calculating expression on his plump face, hurriedly and +ostentatiously approached the officer, swinging his arms. + +Your honor! said he. Be so good as to protect us! We wont grudge +trifles, you are welcome to anythingwe shall be delighted! Pray!... +Ill fetch a piece of cloth at once for such an honorable gentleman, +or even two pieces with pleasure. For we feel how it is but whats all +thissheer robbery! If you please, could not guards be placed if only to +let us close the shop.... + +Several shopkeepers crowded round the officer. + +Eh, what twaddle! said one of them, a thin, stern-looking man. When +ones head is gone one doesnt weep for ones hair! Take what any of you +like! And flourishing his arm energetically he turned sideways to the +officer. + +Its all very well for you, Ivn Sidrych, to talk, said the first +tradesman angrily. Please step inside, your honor! + +Talk indeed! cried the thin one. In my three shops here I have a +hundred thousand rubles worth of goods. Can they be saved when the army +has gone? Eh, what people! Against Gods might our hands cant fight. + +Come inside, your honor! repeated the tradesman, bowing. + +The officer stood perplexed and his face showed indecision. + +Its not my business! he exclaimed, and strode on quickly down one of +the passages. + +From one open shop came the sound of blows and vituperation, and just +as the officer came up to it a man in a gray coat with a shaven head was +flung out violently. + +This man, bent double, rushed past the tradesman and the officer. The +officer pounced on the soldiers who were in the shops, but at that +moment fearful screams reached them from the huge crowd on the Moskv +bridge and the officer ran out into the square. + +What is it? What is it? he asked, but his comrade was already +galloping off past Vasli the Beatified in the direction from which the +screams came. + +The officer mounted his horse and rode after him. When he reached the +bridge he saw two unlimbered guns, the infantry crossing the bridge, +several overturned carts, and frightened and laughing faces among the +troops. Beside the cannon a cart was standing to which two horses were +harnessed. Four borzois with collars were pressing close to the wheels. +The cart was loaded high, and at the very top, beside a childs chair +with its legs in the air, sat a peasant woman uttering piercing and +desperate shrieks. He was told by his fellow officers that the screams +of the crowd and the shrieks of the woman were due to the fact that +General Ermlov, coming up to the crowd and learning that soldiers were +dispersing among the shops while crowds of civilians blocked the bridge, +had ordered two guns to be unlimbered and made a show of firing at the +bridge. The crowd, crushing one another, upsetting carts, and shouting +and squeezing desperately, had cleared off the bridge and the troops +were now moving forward. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXII + +Meanwhile, the city itself was deserted. There was hardly anyone in the +streets. The gates and shops were all closed, only here and there round +the taverns solitary shouts or drunken songs could be heard. Nobody +drove through the streets and footsteps were rarely heard. The +Povarskya was quite still and deserted. The huge courtyard of the +Rostvs house was littered with wisps of hay and with dung from the +horses, and not a soul was to be seen there. In the great drawing +room of the house, which had been left with all it contained, were +two people. They were the yard porter Ignt, and the page boy Mshka, +Vaslichs grandson who had stayed in Moscow with his grandfather. +Mshka had opened the clavichord and was strumming on it with +one finger. The yard porter, his arms akimbo, stood smiling with +satisfaction before the large mirror. + +Isnt it fine, eh, Uncle Ignt? said the boy, suddenly beginning to +strike the keyboard with both hands. + +Only fancy! answered Ignt, surprised at the broadening grin on his +face in the mirror. + +Impudence! Impudence! they heard behind them the voice of Mvra +Kuzmnichna who had entered silently. How hes grinning, the fat mug! +Is that what youre here for? Nothings cleared away down there and +Vaslich is worn out. Just you wait a bit! + +Ignt left off smiling, adjusted his belt, and went out of the room with +meekly downcast eyes. + +Aunt, I did it gently, said the boy. + +Ill give you something gently, you monkey you! cried Mvra +Kuzmnichna, raising her arm threateningly. Go and get the samovar to +boil for your grandfather. + +Mvra Kuzmnichna flicked the dust off the clavichord and closed it, and +with a deep sigh left the drawing room and locked its main door. + +Going out into the yard she paused to consider where she should go +nextto drink tea in the servants wing with Vaslich, or into the +storeroom to put away what still lay about. + +She heard the sound of quick footsteps in the quiet street. Someone +stopped at the gate, and the latch rattled as someone tried to open it. +Mvra Kuzmnichna went to the gate. + +Who do you want? + +The countCount Ily Andrevich Rostv. + +And who are you? + +An officer, I have to see him, came the reply in a pleasant, well-bred +Russian voice. + +Mvra Kuzmnichna opened the gate and an officer of eighteen, with the +round face of a Rostv, entered the yard. + +They have gone away, sir. Went away yesterday at vespertime, said +Mvra Kuzmnichna cordially. + +The young officer standing in the gateway, as if hesitating whether to +enter or not, clicked his tongue. + +Ah, how annoying! he muttered. I should have come yesterday.... Ah, +what a pity. + +Meanwhile, Mvra Kuzmnichna was attentively and sympathetically +examining the familiar Rostv features of the young mans face, his +tattered coat and trodden-down boots. + +What did you want to see the count for? she asked. + +Oh well... it cant be helped! said he in a tone of vexation and +placed his hand on the gate as if to leave. + +He again paused in indecision. + +You see, he suddenly said, I am a kinsman of the counts and he has +been very kind to me. As you see (he glanced with an amused air and +good-natured smile at his coat and boots) my things are worn out and I +have no money, so I was going to ask the count... + +Mvra Kuzmnichna did not let him finish. + +Just wait a minute, sir. One little moment, said she. + +And as soon as the officer let go of the gate handle she turned and, +hurrying away on her old legs, went through the back yard to the +servants quarters. + +While Mvra Kuzmnichna was running to her room the officer walked about +the yard gazing at his worn-out boots with lowered head and a faint +smile on his lips. What a pity Ive missed Uncle! What a nice old +woman! Where has she run off to? And how am I to find the nearest way +to overtake my regiment, which must by now be getting near the Rogzhski +gate? thought he. Just then Mvra Kuzmnichna appeared from behind +the corner of the house with a frightened yet resolute look, carrying a +rolled-up check kerchief in her hand. While still a few steps from +the officer she unfolded the kerchief and took out of it a white +twenty-five-ruble assignat and hastily handed it to him. + +If his excellency had been at home, as a kinsman he would of course... +but as it is... + +Mvra Kuzmnichna grew abashed and confused. The officer did not +decline, but took the note quietly and thanked her. + +If the count had been at home... Mvra Kuzmnichna went on +apologetically. Christ be with you, sir! May God preserve you! said +she, bowing as she saw him out. + +Swaying his head and smiling as if amused at himself, the officer ran +almost at a trot through the deserted streets toward the Yaza bridge to +overtake his regiment. + +But Mvra Kuzmnichna stood at the closed gate for some time with moist +eyes, pensively swaying her head and feeling an unexpected flow of +motherly tenderness and pity for the unknown young officer. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII + +From an unfinished house on the Varvrka, the ground floor of which was +a dramshop, came drunken shouts and songs. On benches round the tables +in a dirty little room sat some ten factory hands. Tipsy and perspiring, +with dim eyes and wide-open mouths, they were all laboriously singing +some song or other. They were singing discordantly, arduously, and with +great effort, evidently not because they wished to sing, but because +they wanted to show they were drunk and on a spree. One, a tall, +fair-haired lad in a clean blue coat, was standing over the others. His +face with its fine straight nose would have been handsome had it not +been for his thin, compressed, twitching lips and dull, gloomy, fixed +eyes. Evidently possessed by some idea, he stood over those who were +singing, and solemnly and jerkily flourished above their heads his white +arm with the sleeve turned up to the elbow, trying unnaturally to spread +out his dirty fingers. The sleeve of his coat kept slipping down and he +always carefully rolled it up again with his left hand, as if it were +most important that the sinewy white arm he was flourishing should be +bare. In the midst of the song cries were heard, and fighting and blows +in the passage and porch. The tall lad waved his arm. + +Stop it! he exclaimed peremptorily. Theres a fight, lads! And, +still rolling up his sleeve, he went out to the porch. + +The factory hands followed him. These men, who under the leadership of +the tall lad were drinking in the dramshop that morning, had brought the +publican some skins from the factory and for this had had drink served +them. The blacksmiths from a neighboring smithy, hearing the sounds of +revelry in the tavern and supposing it to have been broken into, wished +to force their way in too and a fight in the porch had resulted. + +The publican was fighting one of the smiths at the door, and when the +workmen came out the smith, wrenching himself free from the tavern +keeper, fell face downward on the pavement. + +Another smith tried to enter the doorway, pressing against the publican +with his chest. + +The lad with the turned-up sleeve gave the smith a blow in the face and +cried wildly Theyre fighting us, lads! + +At that moment the first smith got up and, scratching his bruised +face to make it bleed, shouted in a tearful voice Police! Murder!... +Theyve killed a man, lads! + +Oh, gracious me, a man beaten to deathkilled!... screamed a woman +coming out of a gate close by. + +A crowd gathered round the bloodstained smith. + +Havent you robbed people enoughtaking their last shirts? said a +voice addressing the publican. What have you killed a man for, you +thief? + +The tall lad, standing in the porch, turned his bleared eyes from the +publican to the smith and back again as if considering whom he ought to +fight now. + +Murderer! he shouted suddenly to the publican. Bind him, lads! + +I daresay you would like to bind me! shouted the publican, pushing +away the men advancing on him, and snatching his cap from his head he +flung it on the ground. + +As if this action had some mysterious and menacing significance, the +workmen surrounding the publican paused in indecision. + +I know the law very well, mates! Ill take the matter to the captain +of police. You think I wont get to him? Robbery is not permitted to +anybody nowadays! shouted the publican, picking up his cap. + +Come along then! Come along then! the publican and the tall young +fellow repeated one after the other, and they moved up the street +together. + +The bloodstained smith went beside them. The factory hands and others +followed behind, talking and shouting. + +At the corner of the Morosyka, opposite a large house with closed +shutters and bearing a bootmakers signboard, stood a score of thin, +worn-out, gloomy-faced bootmakers, wearing overalls and long tattered +coats. + +He should pay folks off properly, a thin workingman, with frowning +brows and a straggly beard, was saying. + +But hes sucked our blood and now he thinks hes quit of us. Hes been +misleading us all the week and now that hes brought us to this pass +hes made off. + +On seeing the crowd and the bloodstained man the workman ceased +speaking, and with eager curiosity all the bootmakers joined the moving +crowd. + +Where are all the folks going? + +Why, to the police, of course! + +I say, is it true that we have been beaten? And what did you think? +Look what folks are saying. + +Questions and answers were heard. The publican, taking advantage of the +increased crowd, dropped behind and returned to his tavern. + +The tall youth, not noticing the disappearance of his foe, waved his +bare arm and went on talking incessantly, attracting general attention +to himself. It was around him that the people chiefly crowded, expecting +answers from him to the questions that occupied all their minds. + +He must keep order, keep the law, thats what the government is there +for. Am I not right, good Christians? said the tall youth, with a +scarcely perceptible smile. He thinks theres no government! How can +one do without government? Or else there would be plenty whod rob us. + +Why talk nonsense? rejoined voices in the crowd. Will they give +up Moscow like this? They told you that for fun, and you believed it! +Arent there plenty of troops on the march? Let him in, indeed! Thats +what the government is for. Youd better listen to what people are +saying, said some of the mob pointing to the tall youth. + +By the wall of China-Town a smaller group of people were gathered round +a man in a frieze coat who held a paper in his hand. + +An ukse, they are reading an ukse! Reading an ukse! cried voices in +the crowd, and the people rushed toward the reader. + +The man in the frieze coat was reading the broadsheet of August 31. When +the crowd collected round him he seemed confused, but at the demand +of the tall lad who had pushed his way up to him, he began in a rather +tremulous voice to read the sheet from the beginning. + +Early tomorrow I shall go to his Serene Highness, he read (Sirin +Highness, said the tall fellow with a triumphant smile on his lips and +a frown on his brow), to consult with him to act, and to aid the army +to exterminate these scoundrels. We too will take part... the reader +went on, and then paused (Do you see, shouted the youth victoriously, +hes going to clear up the whole affair for you....), in destroying +them, and will send these visitors to the devil. I will come back to +dinner, and well set to work. We will do, completely do, and undo these +scoundrels. + +The last words were read out in the midst of complete silence. The tall +lad hung his head gloomily. It was evident that no one had understood +the last part. In particular, the words I will come back to dinner, +evidently displeased both reader and audience. The peoples minds +were tuned to a high pitch and this was too simple and needlessly +comprehensibleit was what any one of them might have said and therefore +was what an ukse emanating from the highest authority should not say. + +They all stood despondent and silent. The tall youth moved his lips and +swayed from side to side. + +We should ask him... thats he himself?... Yes, ask him indeed!... +Why not? Hell explain... voices in the rear of the crowd were +suddenly heard saying, and the general attention turned to the police +superintendents trap which drove into the square attended by two +mounted dragoons. + +The superintendent of police, who had gone that morning by Count +Rostopchns orders to burn the barges and had in connection with that +matter acquired a large sum of money which was at that moment in his +pocket, on seeing a crowd bearing down upon him told his coachman to +stop. + +What people are these? he shouted to the men, who were moving singly +and timidly in the direction of his trap. + +What people are these? he shouted again, receiving no answer. + +Your honor... replied the shopman in the frieze coat, your honor, in +accord with the proclamation of his highest excellency the count, they +desire to serve, not sparing their lives, and it is not any kind of +riot, but as his highest excellence said... + +The count has not left, he is here, and an order will be issued +concerning you, said the superintendent of police. Go on! he ordered +his coachman. + +The crowd halted, pressing around those who had heard what the +superintendent had said, and looking at the departing trap. + +The superintendent of police turned round at that moment with a scared +look, said something to his coachman, and his horses increased their +speed. + +Its a fraud, lads! Lead the way to him, himself! shouted the tall +youth. Dont let him go, lads! Let him answer us! Keep him! shouted +different people and the people dashed in pursuit of the trap. + +Following the superintendent of police and talking loudly the crowd went +in the direction of the Lubynka Street. + +There now, the gentry and merchants have gone away and left us to +perish. Do they think were dogs? voices in the crowd were heard saying +more and more frequently. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV + +On the evening of the first of September, after his interview with +Kutzov, Count Rostopchn had returned to Moscow mortified and offended +because he had not been invited to attend the council of war, and +because Kutzov had paid no attention to his offer to take part in the +defense of the city amazed also at the novel outlook revealed to him +at the camp, which treated the tranquillity of the capital and its +patriotic fervor as not merely secondary but quite irrelevant and +unimportant matters. Distressed, offended, and surprised by all this, +Rostopchn had returned to Moscow. After supper he lay down on a sofa +without undressing, and was awakened soon after midnight by a courier +bringing him a letter from Kutzov. This letter requested the count to +send police officers to guide the troops through the town, as the army +was retreating to the Ryazn road beyond Moscow. This was not news to +Rostopchn. He had known that Moscow would be abandoned not merely since +his interview the previous day with Kutzov on the Poklnny Hill but +ever since the battle of Borodin, for all the generals who came to +Moscow after that battle had said unanimously that it was impossible to +fight another battle, and since then the government property had been +removed every night, and half the inhabitants had left the city +with Rostopchns own permission. Yet all the same this information +astonished and irritated the count, coming as it did in the form of a +simple note with an order from Kutzov, and received at night, breaking +in on his beauty sleep. + +When later on in his memoirs Count Rostopchn explained his actions at +this time, he repeatedly says that he was then actuated by two important +considerations to maintain tranquillity in Moscow and expedite the +departure of the inhabitants. If one accepts this twofold aim all +Rostopchns actions appear irreproachable. Why were the holy relics, +the arms, ammunition, gunpowder, and stores of corn not removed? Why +were thousands of inhabitants deceived into believing that Moscow would +not be given upand thereby ruined? To preserve the tranquillity +of the city, explains Count Rostopchn. Why were bundles of useless +papers from the government offices, and Leppichs balloon and other +articles removed? To leave the town empty, explains Count Rostopchn. +One need only admit that public tranquillity is in danger and any action +finds a justification. + +All the horrors of the reign of terror were based only on solicitude for +public tranquillity. + +On what, then, was Count Rostopchns fear for the tranquillity of +Moscow based in 1812? What reason was there for assuming any probability +of an uprising in the city? The inhabitants were leaving it and the +retreating troops were filling it. Why should that cause the masses to +riot? + +Neither in Moscow nor anywhere in Russia did anything resembling an +insurrection ever occur when the enemy entered a town. More than +ten thousand people were still in Moscow on the first and second of +September, and except for a mob in the governors courtyard, assembled +there at his bidding, nothing happened. It is obvious that there would +have been even less reason to expect a disturbance among the people +if after the battle of Borodin, when the surrender of Moscow became +certain or at least probable, Rostopchn instead of exciting the people +by distributing arms and broadsheets had taken steps to remove all +the holy relics, the gunpowder, munitions, and money, and had told the +population plainly that the town would be abandoned. + +Rostopchn, though he had patriotic sentiments, was a sanguine and +impulsive man who had always moved in the highest administrative circles +and had no understanding at all of the people he supposed himself to +be guiding. Ever since the enemys entry into Smolnsk he had in +imagination been playing the role of director of the popular feeling +of the heart of Russia. Not only did it seem to him (as to all +administrators) that he controlled the external actions of Moscows +inhabitants, but he also thought he controlled their mental attitude by +means of his broadsheets and posters, written in a coarse tone which the +people despise in their own class and do not understand from those in +authority. Rostopchn was so pleased with the fine role of leader of +popular feeling, and had grown so used to it, that the necessity of +relinquishing that role and abandoning Moscow without any heroic display +took him unawares and he suddenly felt the ground slip away from under +his feet, so that he positively did not know what to do. Though he knew +it was coming, he did not till the last moment wholeheartedly believe +that Moscow would be abandoned, and did not prepare for it. The +inhabitants left against his wishes. If the government offices were +removed, this was only done on the demand of officials to whom the count +yielded reluctantly. He was absorbed in the role he had created +for himself. As is often the case with those gifted with an ardent +imagination, though he had long known that Moscow would be abandoned he +knew it only with his intellect, he did not believe it in his heart and +did not adapt himself mentally to this new position of affairs. + +All his painstaking and energetic activity (in how far it was useful +and had any effect on the people is another question) had been simply +directed toward arousing in the masses his own feeling of patriotic +hatred of the French. + +But when events assumed their true historical character, when expressing +hatred for the French in words proved insufficient, when it was not +even possible to express that hatred by fighting a battle, when +self-confidence was of no avail in relation to the one question before +Moscow, when the whole population streamed out of Moscow as one man, +abandoning their belongings and proving by that negative action all +the depth of their national feeling, then the role chosen by Rostopchn +suddenly appeared senseless. He unexpectedly felt himself ridiculous, +weak, and alone, with no ground to stand on. + +When, awakened from his sleep, he received that cold, peremptory note +from Kutzov, he felt the more irritated the more he felt himself +to blame. All that he had been specially put in charge of, the state +property which he should have removed, was still in Moscow and it was no +longer possible to take the whole of it away. + +Who is to blame for it? Who has let things come to such a pass? he +ruminated. Not I, of course. I had everything ready. I had Moscow +firmly in hand. And this is what they have let it come to! Villains! +Traitors! he thought, without clearly defining who the villains and +traitors were, but feeling it necessary to hate those traitors whoever +they might be who were to blame for the false and ridiculous position in +which he found himself. + +All that night Count Rostopchn issued orders, for which people came to +him from all parts of Moscow. Those about him had never seen the count +so morose and irritable. + +Your excellency, the Director of the Registrars Department has sent +for instructions.... From the Consistory, from the Senate, from the +University, from the Foundling Hospital, the Suffragan has sent... +asking for information.... What are your orders about the Fire Brigade? +From the governor of the prison... from the superintendent of the +lunatic asylum... All night long such announcements were continually +being received by the count. + +To all these inquiries he gave brief and angry replies indicating that +orders from him were not now needed, that the whole affair, carefully +prepared by him, had now been ruined by somebody, and that that somebody +would have to bear the whole responsibility for all that might happen. + +Oh, tell that blockhead, he said in reply to the question from the +Registrars Department, that he should remain to guard his documents. +Now why are you asking silly questions about the Fire Brigade? They have +horses, let them be off to Vladmir, and not leave them to the French. + +Your excellency, the superintendent of the lunatic asylum has come +what are your commands? + +My commands? Let them go away, thats all.... And let the lunatics +out into the town. When lunatics command our armies God evidently means +these other madmen to be free. + +In reply to an inquiry about the convicts in the prison, Count +Rostopchn shouted angrily at the governor + +Do you expect me to give you two battalionswhich we have not gotfor a +convoy? Release them, thats all about it! + +Your excellency, there are some political prisoners, Meshkv, +Vereshchgin... + +Vereshchgin! Hasnt he been hanged yet? shouted Rostopchn. Bring +him to me! + + + + + +CHAPTER XXV + +Toward nine oclock in the morning, when the troops were already moving +through Moscow, nobody came to the count any more for instructions. +Those who were able to get away were going of their own accord, those +who remained behind decided for themselves what they must do. + +The count ordered his carriage that he might drive to Soklniki, and sat +in his study with folded hands, morose, sallow, and taciturn. + +In quiet and untroubled times it seems to every administrator that it +is only by his efforts that the whole population under his rule is +kept going, and in this consciousness of being indispensable every +administrator finds the chief reward of his labor and efforts. While the +sea of history remains calm the ruler-administrator in his frail bark, +holding on with a boat hook to the ship of the people and himself +moving, naturally imagines that his efforts move the ship he is holding +on to. But as soon as a storm arises and the sea begins to heave and +the ship to move, such a delusion is no longer possible. The ship moves +independently with its own enormous motion, the boat hook no longer +reaches the moving vessel, and suddenly the administrator, instead +of appearing a ruler and a source of power, becomes an insignificant, +useless, feeble man. + +Rostopchn felt this, and it was this which exasperated him. + +The superintendent of police, whom the crowd had stopped, went in to +see him at the same time as an adjutant who informed the count that the +horses were harnessed. They were both pale, and the superintendent of +police, after reporting that he had executed the instructions he had +received, informed the count that an immense crowd had collected in the +courtyard and wished to see him. + +Without saying a word Rostopchn rose and walked hastily to his light, +luxurious drawing room, went to the balcony door, took hold of the +handle, let it go again, and went to the window from which he had a +better view of the whole crowd. The tall lad was standing in front, +flourishing his arm and saying something with a stern look. The +blood-stained smith stood beside him with a gloomy face. A drone of +voices was audible through the closed window. + +Is my carriage ready? asked Rostopchn, stepping back from the window. + +It is, your excellency, replied the adjutant. + +Rostopchn went again to the balcony door. + +But what do they want? he asked the superintendent of police. + +Your excellency, they say they have got ready, according to your +orders, to go against the French, and they shouted something about +treachery. But it is a turbulent crowd, your excellencyI hardly managed +to get away from it. Your excellency, I venture to suggest... + +You may go. I dont need you to tell me what to do! exclaimed +Rostopchn angrily. + +He stood by the balcony door looking at the crowd. + +This is what they have done with Russia! This is what they have done +with me! thought he, full of an irrepressible fury that welled up +within him against the someone to whom what was happening might be +attributed. As often happens with passionate people, he was mastered by +anger but was still seeking an object on which to vent it. Here is +that mob, the dregs of the people, he thought as he gazed at the crowd +this rabble they have roused by their folly! They want a victim, +he thought as he looked at the tall lad flourishing his arm. And this +thought occurred to him just because he himself desired a victim, +something on which to vent his rage. + +Is the carriage ready? he asked again. + +Yes, your excellency. What are your orders about Vereshchgin? He is +waiting at the porch, said the adjutant. + +Ah! exclaimed Rostopchn, as if struck by an unexpected recollection. + +And rapidly opening the door he went resolutely out onto the balcony. +The talking instantly ceased, hats and caps were doffed, and all eyes +were raised to the count. + +Good morning, lads! said the count briskly and loudly. Thank you for +coming. Ill come out to you in a moment, but we must first settle +with the villain. We must punish the villain who has caused the ruin of +Moscow. Wait for me! + +And the count stepped as briskly back into the room and slammed the door +behind him. + +A murmur of approbation and satisfaction ran through the crowd. Hell +settle with all the villains, youll see! And you said the French... +Hell show you what law is! the mob were saying as if reproving one +another for their lack of confidence. + +A few minutes later an officer came hurriedly out of the front door, +gave an order, and the dragoons formed up in line. The crowd moved +eagerly from the balcony toward the porch. Rostopchn, coming out there +with quick angry steps, looked hastily around as if seeking someone. + +Where is he? he inquired. And as he spoke he saw a young man coming +round the corner of the house between two dragoons. He had a long thin +neck, and his head, that had been half shaved, was again covered by +short hair. This young man was dressed in a threadbare blue cloth coat +lined with fox fur, that had once been smart, and dirty hempen convict +trousers, over which were pulled his thin, dirty, trodden-down boots. +On his thin, weak legs were heavy chains which hampered his irresolute +movements. + +Ah! said Rostopchn, hurriedly turning away his eyes from the young +man in the fur-lined coat and pointing to the bottom step of the porch. +Put him there. + +The young man in his clattering chains stepped clumsily to the spot +indicated, holding away with one finger the coat collar which chafed +his neck, turned his long neck twice this way and that, sighed, and +submissively folded before him his thin hands, unused to work. + +For several seconds while the young man was taking his place on the step +the silence continued. Only among the back rows of the people, who were +all pressing toward the one spot, could sighs, groans, and the shuffling +of feet be heard. + +While waiting for the young man to take his place on the step Rostopchn +stood frowning and rubbing his face with his hand. + +Lads! said he, with a metallic ring in his voice. This man, +Vereshchgin, is the scoundrel by whose doing Moscow is perishing. + +The young man in the fur-lined coat, stooping a little, stood in a +submissive attitude, his fingers clasped before him. His emaciated young +face, disfigured by the half-shaven head, hung down hopelessly. At +the counts first words he raised it slowly and looked up at him as if +wishing to say something or at least to meet his eye. But Rostopchn did +not look at him. A vein in the young mans long thin neck swelled like a +cord and went blue behind the ear, and suddenly his face flushed. + +All eyes were fixed on him. He looked at the crowd, and rendered more +hopeful by the expression he read on the faces there, he smiled sadly +and timidly, and lowering his head shifted his feet on the step. + +He has betrayed his Tsar and his country, he has gone over to +Bonaparte. He alone of all the Russians has disgraced the Russian name, +he has caused Moscow to perish, said Rostopchn in a sharp, even voice, +but suddenly he glanced down at Vereshchgin who continued to stand in +the same submissive attitude. As if inflamed by the sight, he raised his +arm and addressed the people, almost shouting + +Deal with him as you think fit! I hand him over to you. + +The crowd remained silent and only pressed closer and closer to +one another. To keep one another back, to breathe in that stifling +atmosphere, to be unable to stir, and to await something unknown, +uncomprehended, and terrible, was becoming unbearable. Those standing +in front, who had seen and heard what had taken place before them, all +stood with wide-open eyes and mouths, straining with all their strength, +and held back the crowd that was pushing behind them. + +Beat him!... Let the traitor perish and not disgrace the Russian name! +shouted Rostopchn. Cut him down. I command it. + +Hearing not so much the words as the angry tone of Rostopchns voice, +the crowd moaned and heaved forward, but again paused. + +Count! exclaimed the timid yet theatrical voice of Vereshchgin in the +midst of the momentary silence that ensued, Count! One God is above us +both.... He lifted his head and again the thick vein in his thin neck +filled with blood and the color rapidly came and went in his face. + +He did not finish what he wished to say. + +Cut him down! I command it... shouted Rostopchn, suddenly growing +pale like Vereshchgin. + +Draw sabers! cried the dragoon officer, drawing his own. + +Another still stronger wave flowed through the crowd and reaching the +front ranks carried it swaying to the very steps of the porch. The tall +youth, with a stony look on his face, and rigid and uplifted arm, stood +beside Vereshchgin. + +Saber him! the dragoon officer almost whispered. + +And one of the soldiers, his face all at once distorted with fury, +struck Vereshchgin on the head with the blunt side of his saber. + +Ah! cried Vereshchgin in meek surprise, looking round with a +frightened glance as if not understanding why this was done to him. A +similar moan of surprise and horror ran through the crowd. O Lord! +exclaimed a sorrowful voice. + +But after the exclamation of surprise that had escaped from Vereshchgin +he uttered a plaintive cry of pain, and that cry was fatal. The barrier +of human feeling, strained to the utmost, that had held the crowd in +check suddenly broke. The crime had begun and must now be completed. The +plaintive moan of reproach was drowned by the threatening and angry roar +of the crowd. Like the seventh and last wave that shatters a ship, that +last irresistible wave burst from the rear and reached the front ranks, +carrying them off their feet and engulfing them all. The dragoon was +about to repeat his blow. Vereshchgin with a cry of horror, covering +his head with his hands, rushed toward the crowd. The tall youth, +against whom he stumbled, seized his thin neck with his hands and, +yelling wildly, fell with him under the feet of the pressing, struggling +crowd. + +Some beat and tore at Vereshchgin, others at the tall youth. And the +screams of those that were being trampled on and of those who tried to +rescue the tall lad only increased the fury of the crowd. It was a long +time before the dragoons could extricate the bleeding youth, beaten +almost to death. And for a long time, despite the feverish haste with +which the mob tried to end the work that had been begun, those who were +hitting, throttling, and tearing at Vereshchgin were unable to kill +him, for the crowd pressed from all sides, swaying as one mass with them +in the center and rendering it impossible for them either to kill him or +let him go. + +Hit him with an ax, eh!... Crushed?... Traitor, he sold Christ.... +Still alive... tenacious... serves him right! Torture serves a thief +right. Use the hatchet!... Whatstill alive? + +Only when the victim ceased to struggle and his cries changed to a +long-drawn, measured death rattle did the crowd around his prostrate, +bleeding corpse begin rapidly to change places. Each one came +up, glanced at what had been done, and with horror, reproach, and +astonishment pushed back again. + +O Lord! The people are like wild beasts! How could he be alive? voices +in the crowd could be heard saying. Quite a young fellow too... must +have been a merchants son. What men!... and they say hes not the right +one.... How not the right one?... O Lord! And theres another has been +beaten toothey say hes nearly done for.... Oh, the people... Arent +they afraid of sinning?... said the same mob now, looking with pained +distress at the dead body with its long, thin, half-severed neck and its +livid face stained with blood and dust. + +A painstaking police officer, considering the presence of a corpse in +his excellencys courtyard unseemly, told the dragoons to take it away. +Two dragoons took it by its distorted legs and dragged it along the +ground. The gory, dust-stained, half-shaven head with its long neck +trailed twisting along the ground. The crowd shrank back from it. + +At the moment when Vereshchgin fell and the crowd closed in with savage +yells and swayed about him, Rostopchn suddenly turned pale and, instead +of going to the back entrance where his carriage awaited him, went +with hurried steps and bent head, not knowing where and why, along the +passage leading to the rooms on the ground floor. The counts face was +white and he could not control the feverish twitching of his lower jaw. + +This way, your excellency... Where are you going?... This way, +please... said a trembling, frightened voice behind him. + +Count Rostopchn was unable to reply and, turning obediently, went in +the direction indicated. At the back entrance stood his calche. The +distant roar of the yelling crowd was audible even there. He hastily +took his seat and told the coachman to drive him to his country house in +Soklniki. + +When they reached the Myasntski Street and could no longer hear +the shouts of the mob, the count began to repent. He remembered with +dissatisfaction the agitation and fear he had betrayed before his +subordinates. The mob is terribledisgusting, he said to himself +in French. They are like wolves whom nothing but flesh can appease. +Count! One God is above us both!Vereshchgins words suddenly +recurred to him, and a disagreeable shiver ran down his back. But this +was only a momentary feeling and Count Rostopchn smiled disdainfully +at himself. I had other duties, thought he. The people had to be +appeased. Many other victims have perished and are perishing for the +public goodand he began thinking of his social duties to his family +and to the city entrusted to him, and of himselfnot himself as Theodore +Vaslyevich Rostopchn (he fancied that Theodore Vaslyevich Rostopchn +was sacrificing himself for the public good) but himself as governor, +the representative of authority and of the Tsar. Had I been simply +Theodore Vaslyevich my course of action would have been quite +different, but it was my duty to safeguard my life and dignity as +commander in chief. + +Lightly swaying on the flexible springs of his carriage and no longer +hearing the terrible sounds of the crowd, Rostopchn grew physically +calm and, as always happens, as soon as he became physically tranquil +his mind devised reasons why he should be mentally tranquil too. The +thought which tranquillized Rostopchn was not a new one. Since the +world began and men have killed one another no one has ever committed +such a crime against his fellow man without comforting himself with +this same idea. This idea is le bien public, the hypothetical welfare of +other people. + +To a man not swayed by passion that welfare is never certain, but he +who commits such a crime always knows just where that welfare lies. And +Rostopchn now knew it. + +Not only did his reason not reproach him for what he had done, but +he even found cause for self-satisfaction in having so successfully +contrived to avail himself of a convenient opportunity to punish a +criminal and at the same time pacify the mob. + +Vereshchgin was tried and condemned to death, thought Rostopchn +(though the Senate had only condemned Vereshchgin to hard labor), he +was a traitor and a spy. I could not let him go unpunished and so I have +killed two birds with one stone to appease the mob I gave them a victim +and at the same time punished a miscreant. + +Having reached his country house and begun to give orders about domestic +arrangements, the count grew quite tranquil. + +Half an hour later he was driving with his fast horses across the +Soklniki field, no longer thinking of what had occurred but considering +what was to come. He was driving to the Yaza bridge where he had heard +that Kutzov was. Count Rostopchn was mentally preparing the angry and +stinging reproaches he meant to address to Kutzov for his deception. He +would make that foxy old courtier feel that the responsibility for all +the calamities that would follow the abandonment of the city and the +ruin of Russia (as Rostopchn regarded it) would fall upon his doting +old head. Planning beforehand what he would say to Kutzov, Rostopchn +turned angrily in his calche and gazed sternly from side to side. + +The Soklniki field was deserted. Only at the end of it, in front of the +almshouse and the lunatic asylum, could be seen some people in white +and others like them walking singly across the field shouting and +gesticulating. + +One of these was running to cross the path of Count Rostopchns +carriage, and the count himself, his coachman, and his dragoons +looked with vague horror and curiosity at these released lunatics and +especially at the one running toward them. + +Swaying from side to side on his long, thin legs in his fluttering +dressing gown, this lunatic was running impetuously, his gaze fixed on +Rostopchn, shouting something in a hoarse voice and making signs to him +to stop. The lunatics solemn, gloomy face was thin and yellow, with +its beard growing in uneven tufts. His black, agate pupils with +saffron-yellow whites moved restlessly near the lower eyelids. + +Stop! Pull up, I tell you! he cried in a piercing voice, and again +shouted something breathlessly with emphatic intonations and gestures. + +Coming abreast of the calche he ran beside it. + +Thrice have they slain me, thrice have I risen from the dead. They +stoned me, crucified me... I shall rise... shall rise... shall rise. +They have torn my body. The kingdom of God will be overthrown... Thrice +will I overthrow it and thrice re-establish it! he cried, raising his +voice higher and higher. + +Count Rostopchn suddenly grew pale as he had done when the crowd closed +in on Vereshchgin. He turned away. Go fas... faster! he cried in a +trembling voice to his coachman. The calche flew over the ground as +fast as the horses could draw it, but for a long time Count Rostopchn +still heard the insane despairing screams growing fainter in the +distance, while his eyes saw nothing but the astonished, frightened, +bloodstained face of the traitor in the fur-lined coat. + +Recent as that mental picture was, Rostopchn already felt that it had +cut deep into his heart and drawn blood. Even now he felt clearly that +the gory trace of that recollection would not pass with time, but that +the terrible memory would, on the contrary, dwell in his heart ever more +cruelly and painfully to the end of his life. He seemed still to hear +the sound of his own words Cut him down! I command it.... + +Why did I utter those words? It was by some accident I said them.... +I need not have said them, he thought. And then nothing would have +happened. He saw the frightened and then infuriated face of the dragoon +who dealt the blow, the look of silent, timid reproach that boy in the +fur-lined coat had turned upon him. But I did not do it for my own +sake. I was bound to act that way.... The mob, the traitor... the public +welfare, thought he. + +Troops were still crowding at the Yaza bridge. It was hot. Kutzov, +dejected and frowning, sat on a bench by the bridge toying with his +whip in the sand when a calche dashed up noisily. A man in a generals +uniform with plumes in his hat went up to Kutzov and said something +in French. It was Count Rostopchn. He told Kutzov that he had come +because Moscow, the capital, was no more and only the army remained. + +Things would have been different if your Serene Highness had not told +me that you would not abandon Moscow without another battle all this +would not have happened, he said. + +Kutzov looked at Rostopchn as if, not grasping what was said to him, +he was trying to read something peculiar written at that moment on the +face of the man addressing him. Rostopchn grew confused and became +silent. Kutzov slightly shook his head and not taking his penetrating +gaze from Rostopchns face muttered softly + +No! I shall not give up Moscow without a battle! + +Whether Kutzov was thinking of something entirely different when +he spoke those words, or uttered them purposely, knowing them to be +meaningless, at any rate Rostopchn made no reply and hastily left him. +And strange to say, the Governor of Moscow, the proud Count Rostopchn, +took up a Cossack whip and went to the bridge where he began with shouts +to drive on the carts that blocked the way. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI + +Toward four oclock in the afternoon Murats troops were entering +Moscow. In front rode a detachment of Wrttemberg hussars and behind +them rode the King of Naples himself accompanied by a numerous suite. + +About the middle of the Arbt Street, near the Church of the Miraculous +Icon of St. Nicholas, Murat halted to await news from the advanced +detachment as to the condition in which they had found the citadel, le +Kremlin. + +Around Murat gathered a group of those who had remained in Moscow. They +all stared in timid bewilderment at the strange, long-haired commander +dressed up in feathers and gold. + +Is that their Tsar himself? Hes not bad! low voices could be heard +saying. + +An interpreter rode up to the group. + +Take off your cap... your caps! These words went from one to another +in the crowd. The interpreter addressed an old porter and asked if +it was far to the Krmlin. The porter, listening in perplexity to the +unfamiliar Polish accent and not realizing that the interpreter was +speaking Russian, did not understand what was being said to him and +slipped behind the others. + +Murat approached the interpreter and told him to ask where the Russian +army was. One of the Russians understood what was asked and several +voices at once began answering the interpreter. A French officer, +returning from the advanced detachment, rode up to Murat and reported +that the gates of the citadel had been barricaded and that there was +probably an ambuscade there. + +Good! said Murat and, turning to one of the gentlemen in his suite, +ordered four light guns to be moved forward to fire at the gates. + +The guns emerged at a trot from the column following Murat and advanced +up the Arbt. When they reached the end of the Vozdvzhenka Street they +halted and drew in the Square. Several French officers superintended the +placing of the guns and looked at the Krmlin through field glasses. + +The bells in the Krmlin were ringing for vespers, and this sound +troubled the French. They imagined it to be a call to arms. A few +infantrymen ran to the Kutfyev Gate. Beams and wooden screens had been +put there, and two musket shots rang out from under the gate as soon as +an officer and men began to run toward it. A general who was standing +by the guns shouted some words of command to the officer, and the latter +ran back again with his men. + +The sound of three more shots came from the gate. + +One shot struck a French soldiers foot, and from behind the screens +came the strange sound of a few voices shouting. Instantly as at a +word of command the expression of cheerful serenity on the faces of +the French general, officers, and men changed to one of determined +concentrated readiness for strife and suffering. To all of them from +the marshal to the least soldier, that place was not the Vozdvzhenka, +Mokhavya, or Kutfyev Street, nor the Tritsa Gate (places familiar in +Moscow), but a new battlefield which would probably prove sanguinary. +And all made ready for that battle. The cries from the gates ceased. The +guns were advanced, the artillerymen blew the ash off their linstocks, +and an officer gave the word Fire! This was followed by two whistling +sounds of canister shot, one after another. The shot rattled against +the stone of the gate and upon the wooden beams and screens, and two +wavering clouds of smoke rose over the Square. + +A few instants after the echo of the reports resounding over the +stone-built Krmlin had died away the French heard a strange sound above +their head. Thousands of crows rose above the walls and circled in the +air, cawing and noisily flapping their wings. Together with that sound +came a solitary human cry from the gateway and amid the smoke appeared +the figure of a bareheaded man in a peasants coat. He grasped a musket +and took aim at the French. Fire! repeated the officer once more, +and the reports of a musket and of two cannon shots were heard +simultaneously. The gate was again hidden by smoke. + +Nothing more stirred behind the screens and the French infantry soldiers +and officers advanced to the gate. In the gateway lay three wounded and +four dead. Two men in peasant coats ran away at the foot of the wall, +toward the Znmenka. + +Clear that away! said the officer, pointing to the beams and the +corpses, and the French soldiers, after dispatching the wounded, threw +the corpses over the parapet. + +Who these men were nobody knew. Clear that away! was all that was said +of them, and they were thrown over the parapet and removed later on that +they might not stink. Thiers alone dedicates a few eloquent lines to +their memory These wretches had occupied the sacred citadel, having +supplied themselves with guns from the arsenal, and fired (the +wretches) at the French. Some of them were sabered and the Krmlin was +purged of their presence. + +Murat was informed that the way had been cleared. The French entered +the gates and began pitching their camp in the Senate Square. Out of the +windows of the Senate House the soldiers threw chairs into the Square +for fuel and kindled fires there. + +Other detachments passed through the Krmlin and encamped along +the Morosyka, the Lubynka, and Pokrvka Streets. Others quartered +themselves along the Vozdvzhenka, the Niklski, and the Tversky +Streets. No masters of the houses being found anywhere, the French were +not billeted on the inhabitants as is usual in towns but lived in it as +in a camp. + +Though tattered, hungry, worn out, and reduced to a third of their +original number, the French entered Moscow in good marching order. It +was a weary and famished, but still a fighting and menacing army. But +it remained an army only until its soldiers had dispersed into their +different lodgings. As soon as the men of the various regiments began +to disperse among the wealthy and deserted houses, the army was lost +forever and there came into being something nondescript, neither +citizens nor soldiers but what are known as marauders. When five weeks +later these same men left Moscow, they no longer formed an army. They +were a mob of marauders, each carrying a quantity of articles which +seemed to him valuable or useful. The aim of each man when he left +Moscow was no longer, as it had been, to conquer, but merely to keep +what he had acquired. Like a monkey which puts its paw into the narrow +neck of a jug, and having seized a handful of nuts will not open its +fist for fear of losing what it holds, and therefore perishes, the +French when they left Moscow had inevitably to perish because they +carried their loot with them, yet to abandon what they had stolen was as +impossible for them as it is for the monkey to open its paw and let +go of its nuts. Ten minutes after each regiment had entered a Moscow +district, not a soldier or officer was left. Men in military uniforms +and Hessian boots could be seen through the windows, laughing and +walking through the rooms. In cellars and storerooms similar men were +busy among the provisions, and in the yards unlocking or breaking open +coach house and stable doors, lighting fires in kitchens and kneading +and baking bread with rolled-up sleeves, and cooking or frightening, +amusing, or caressing women and children. There were many such men both +in the shops and housesbut there was no army. + +Order after order was issued by the French commanders that day +forbidding the men to disperse about the town, sternly forbidding any +violence to the inhabitants or any looting, and announcing a roll call +for that very evening. But despite all these measures the men, who had +till then constituted an army, flowed all over the wealthy, deserted +city with its comforts and plentiful supplies. As a hungry herd of +cattle keeps well together when crossing a barren field, but gets out +of hand and at once disperses uncontrollably as soon as it reaches rich +pastures, so did the army disperse all over the wealthy city. + +No residents were left in Moscow, and the soldierslike water +percolating through sandspread irresistibly through the city in all +directions from the Krmlin into which they had first marched. The +cavalry, on entering a merchants house that had been abandoned and +finding there stabling more than sufficient for their horses, went on, +all the same, to the next house which seemed to them better. Many of +them appropriated several houses, chalked their names on them, and +quarreled and even fought with other companies for them. Before they had +had time to secure quarters the soldiers ran out into the streets to +see the city and, hearing that everything had been abandoned, rushed +to places where valuables were to be had for the taking. The officers +followed to check the soldiers and were involuntarily drawn into doing +the same. In Carriage Row carriages had been left in the shops, and +generals flocked there to select calches and coaches for themselves. +The few inhabitants who had remained invited commanding officers to +their houses, hoping thereby to secure themselves from being plundered. +There were masses of wealth and there seemed no end to it. All around +the quarters occupied by the French were other regions still unexplored +and unoccupied where, they thought, yet greater riches might be found. +And Moscow engulfed the army ever deeper and deeper. When water is +spilled on dry ground both the dry ground and the water disappear and +mud results and in the same way the entry of the famished army into the +rich and deserted city resulted in fires and looting and the destruction +of both the army and the wealthy city. + + +The French attributed the Fire of Moscow au patriotisme froce de +Rostopchne, * the Russians to the barbarity of the French. In reality, +however, it was not, and could not be, possible to explain the burning +of Moscow by making any individual, or any group of people, responsible +for it. Moscow was burned because it found itself in a position in which +any town built of wood was bound to burn, quite apart from whether it +had, or had not, a hundred and thirty inferior fire engines. Deserted +Moscow had to burn as inevitably as a heap of shavings has to burn on +which sparks continually fall for several days. A town built of wood, +where scarcely a day passes without conflagrations when the house owners +are in residence and a police force is present, cannot help burning when +its inhabitants have left it and it is occupied by soldiers who smoke +pipes, make campfires of the Senate chairs in the Senate Square, and +cook themselves meals twice a day. In peacetime it is only necessary to +billet troops in the villages of any district and the number of fires in +that district immediately increases. How much then must the probability +of fire be increased in an abandoned, wooden town where foreign troops +are quartered. Le patriotisme froce de Rostopchne and the barbarity +of the French were not to blame in the matter. Moscow was set on fire by +the soldiers pipes, kitchens, and campfires, and by the carelessness of +enemy soldiers occupying houses they did not own. Even if there was any +arson (which is very doubtful, for no one had any reason to burn the +housesin any case a troublesome and dangerous thing to do), arson +cannot be regarded as the cause, for the same thing would have happened +without any incendiarism. + + * To Rostopchns ferocious patriotism. + +However tempting it might be for the French to blame Rostopchns +ferocity and for Russians to blame the scoundrel Bonaparte, or later +on to place an heroic torch in the hands of their own people, it is +impossible not to see that there could be no such direct cause of the +fire, for Moscow had to burn as every village, factory, or house must +burn which is left by its owners and in which strangers are allowed to +live and cook their porridge. Moscow was burned by its inhabitants, it +is true, but by those who had abandoned it and not by those who remained +in it. Moscow when occupied by the enemy did not remain intact like +Berlin, Vienna, and other towns, simply because its inhabitants +abandoned it and did not welcome the French with bread and salt, nor +bring them the keys of the city. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVII + +The absorption of the French by Moscow, radiating starwise as it did, +only reached the quarter where Pierre was staying by the evening of the +second of September. + +After the last two days spent in solitude and unusual circumstances, +Pierre was in a state bordering on insanity. He was completely obsessed +by one persistent thought. He did not know how or when this thought had +taken such possession of him, but he remembered nothing of the past, +understood nothing of the present, and all he saw and heard appeared to +him like a dream. + +He had left home only to escape the intricate tangle of lifes demands +that enmeshed him, and which in his present condition he was unable +to unravel. He had gone to Joseph Alexevichs house, on the plea of +sorting the deceaseds books and papers, only in search of rest from +lifes turmoil, for in his mind the memory of Joseph Alexevich was +connected with a world of eternal, solemn, and calm thoughts, quite +contrary to the restless confusion into which he felt himself being +drawn. He sought a quiet refuge, and in Joseph Alexevichs study he +really found it. When he sat with his elbows on the dusty writing table +in the deathlike stillness of the study, calm and significant memories +of the last few days rose one after another in his imagination, +particularly of the battle of Borodin and of that vague sense of his +own insignificance and insincerity compared with the truth, simplicity, +and strength of the class of men he mentally classed as they. When +Gersim roused him from his reverie the idea occurred to him of taking +part in the popular defense of Moscow which he knew was projected. And +with that object he had asked Gersim to get him a peasants coat and +a pistol, confiding to him his intentions of remaining in Joseph +Alexevichs house and keeping his name secret. Then during the first +day spent in inaction and solitude (he tried several times to fix his +attention on the Masonic manuscripts, but was unable to do so) the idea +that had previously occurred to him of the cabalistic significance of +his name in connection with Bonapartes more than once vaguely presented +itself. But the idea that he, Lrusse Besuhof, was destined to set a +limit to the power of the Beast was as yet only one of the fancies that +often passed through his mind and left no trace behind. + +When, having bought the coat merely with the object of taking part among +the people in the defense of Moscow, Pierre had met the Rostvs and +Natsha had said to him Are you remaining in Moscow?... How splendid! +the thought flashed into his mind that it really would be a good thing, +even if Moscow were taken, for him to remain there and do what he was +predestined to do. + +Next day, with the sole idea of not sparing himself and not lagging in +any way behind them, Pierre went to the Three Hills gate. But when he +returned to the house convinced that Moscow would not be defended, he +suddenly felt that what before had seemed to him merely a possibility +had now become absolutely necessary and inevitable. He must remain in +Moscow, concealing his name, and must meet Napoleon and kill him, and +either perish or put an end to the misery of all Europewhich it seemed +to him was solely due to Napoleon. + +Pierre knew all the details of the attempt on Bonapartes life in 1809 +by a German student in Vienna, and knew that the student had been shot. +And the risk to which he would expose his life by carrying out his +design excited him still more. + +Two equally strong feelings drew Pierre irresistibly to this purpose. +The first was a feeling of the necessity of sacrifice and suffering in +view of the common calamity, the same feeling that had caused him to go +to Mozhysk on the twenty-fifth and to make his way to the very thick +of the battle and had now caused him to run away from his home and, in +place of the luxury and comfort to which he was accustomed, to sleep +on a hard sofa without undressing and eat the same food as Gersim. +The other was that vague and quite Russian feeling of contempt for +everything conventional, artificial, and humanfor everything the +majority of men regard as the greatest good in the world. Pierre had +first experienced this strange and fascinating feeling at the Slobda +Palace, when he had suddenly felt that wealth, power, and lifeall that +men so painstakingly acquire and guardif it has any worth has so only +by reason of the joy with which it can all be renounced. + +It was the feeling that induces a volunteer recruit to spend his last +penny on drink, and a drunken man to smash mirrors or glasses for no +apparent reason and knowing that it will cost him all the money he +possesses the feeling which causes a man to perform actions which from +an ordinary point of view are insane, to test, as it were, his personal +power and strength, affirming the existence of a higher, nonhuman +criterion of life. + +From the very day Pierre had experienced this feeling for the first time +at the Slobda Palace he had been continuously under its influence, but +only now found full satisfaction for it. Moreover, at this moment Pierre +was supported in his design and prevented from renouncing it by what he +had already done in that direction. If he were now to leave Moscow like +everyone else, his flight from home, the peasant coat, the pistol, and +his announcement to the Rostvs that he would remain in Moscow would all +become not merely meaningless but contemptible and ridiculous, and to +this Pierre was very sensitive. + +Pierres physical condition, as is always the case, corresponded to his +mental state. The unaccustomed coarse food, the vodka he drank during +those days, the absence of wine and cigars, his dirty unchanged linen, +two almost sleepless nights passed on a short sofa without beddingall +this kept him in a state of excitement bordering on insanity. + +It was two oclock in the afternoon. The French had already entered +Moscow. Pierre knew this, but instead of acting he only thought about +his undertaking, going over its minutest details in his mind. In his +fancy he did not clearly picture to himself either the striking of the +blow or the death of Napoleon, but with extraordinary vividness and +melancholy enjoyment imagined his own destruction and heroic endurance. + +Yes, alone, for the sake of all, I must do it or perish! he thought. +Yes, I will approach... and then suddenly... with pistol or dagger? +But that is all the same! It is not I but the hand of Providence that +punishes thee, I shall say, thought he, imagining what he would say +when killing Napoleon. Well then, take me and execute me! he went on, +speaking to himself and bowing his head with a sad but firm expression. + +While Pierre, standing in the middle of the room, was talking to himself +in this way, the study door opened and on the threshold appeared +the figure of Makr Alexevich, always so timid before but now quite +transformed. + +His dressing gown was unfastened, his face red and distorted. He +was obviously drunk. On seeing Pierre he grew confused at first, but +noticing embarrassment on Pierres face immediately grew bold and, +staggering on his thin legs, advanced into the middle of the room. + +Theyre frightened, he said confidentially in a hoarse voice. I say I +wont surrender, I say... Am I not right, sir? + +He paused and then suddenly seeing the pistol on the table seized it +with unexpected rapidity and ran out into the corridor. + +Gersim and the porter, who had followed Makr Alexevich, stopped him +in the vestibule and tried to take the pistol from him. Pierre, coming +out into the corridor, looked with pity and repulsion at the half-crazy +old man. Makr Alexevich, frowning with exertion, held on to the pistol +and screamed hoarsely, evidently with some heroic fancy in his head. + +To arms! Board them! No, you shant get it, he yelled. + +That will do, please, that will do. Have the goodnessplease, sir, to +let go! Please, sir... pleaded Gersim, trying carefully to steer Makr +Alexevich by the elbows back to the door. + +Who are you? Bonaparte!... shouted Makr Alexevich. + +Thats not right, sir. Come to your room, please, and rest. Allow me to +have the pistol. + +Be off, thou base slave! Touch me not! See this? shouted Makr +Alexevich, brandishing the pistol. Board them! + +Catch hold! whispered Gersim to the porter. + +They seized Makr Alexevich by the arms and dragged him to the door. + +The vestibule was filled with the discordant sounds of a struggle and of +a tipsy, hoarse voice. + +Suddenly a fresh sound, a piercing feminine scream, reverberated from +the porch and the cook came running into the vestibule. + +Its them! Gracious heavens! O Lord, four of them, horsemen! she +cried. + +Gersim and the porter let Makr Alexevich go, and in the now silent +corridor the sound of several hands knocking at the front door could be +heard. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXVIII + +Pierre, having decided that until he had carried out his design he would +disclose neither his identity nor his knowledge of French, stood at the +half-open door of the corridor, intending to conceal himself as soon +as the French entered. But the French entered and still Pierre did not +retirean irresistible curiosity kept him there. + +There were two of them. One was an officera tall, soldierly, handsome +manthe other evidently a private or an orderly, sunburned, short, and +thin, with sunken cheeks and a dull expression. The officer walked in +front, leaning on a stick and slightly limping. When he had advanced +a few steps he stopped, having apparently decided that these were good +quarters, turned round to the soldiers standing at the entrance, and in +a loud voice of command ordered them to put up the horses. Having done +that, the officer, lifting his elbow with a smart gesture, stroked his +mustache and lightly touched his hat. + +Bonjour, la compagnie! * said he gaily, smiling and looking about him. + + * Good day, everybody! + + +No one gave any reply. + +Vous tes le bourgeois? * the officer asked Gersim. + + * Are you the master here? + + +Gersim gazed at the officer with an alarmed and inquiring look. + +Quartier, quartier, logement! said the officer, looking down at the +little man with a condescending and good-natured smile. Les franais +sont de bons enfants. Que diable! Voyons! Ne nous fchons pas, mon +vieux! * added he, clapping the scared and silent Gersim on the +shoulder. Well, does no one speak French in this establishment? he +asked again in French, looking around and meeting Pierres eyes. Pierre +moved away from the door. + + * Quarters, quarters, lodgings! The French are good + fellows. What the devil! There, dont let us be cross, old + fellow! + + +Again the officer turned to Gersim and asked him to show him the rooms +in the house. + +Master, not heredont understand... me, you... said Gersim, trying +to render his words more comprehensible by contorting them. + +Still smiling, the French officer spread out his hands before Gersims +nose, intimating that he did not understand him either, and moved, +limping, to the door at which Pierre was standing. Pierre wished to go +away and conceal himself, but at that moment he saw Makr Alexevich +appearing at the open kitchen door with the pistol in his hand. With +a madmans cunning, Makr Alexevich eyed the Frenchman, raised his +pistol, and took aim. + +Board them! yelled the tipsy man, trying to press the trigger. Hearing +the yell the officer turned round, and at the same moment Pierre threw +himself on the drunkard. Just when Pierre snatched at and struck up the +pistol Makr Alexevich at last got his fingers on the trigger, there +was a deafening report, and all were enveloped in a cloud of smoke. The +Frenchman turned pale and rushed to the door. + +Forgetting his intention of concealing his knowledge of French, Pierre, +snatching away the pistol and throwing it down, ran up to the officer +and addressed him in French. + +You are not wounded? he asked. + +I think not, answered the Frenchman, feeling himself over. But I have +had a lucky escape this time, he added, pointing to the damaged plaster +of the wall. Who is that man? said he, looking sternly at Pierre. + +Oh, I am really in despair at what has occurred, said Pierre rapidly, +quite forgetting the part he had intended to play. He is an unfortunate +madman who did not know what he was doing. + +The officer went up to Makr Alexevich and took him by the collar. + +Makr Alexevich was standing with parted lips, swaying, as if about to +fall asleep, as he leaned against the wall. + +Brigand! You shall pay for this, said the Frenchman, letting go +of him. We French are merciful after victory, but we do not pardon +traitors, he added, with a look of gloomy dignity and a fine energetic +gesture. + +Pierre continued, in French, to persuade the officer not to hold that +drunken imbecile to account. The Frenchman listened in silence with the +same gloomy expression, but suddenly turned to Pierre with a smile. For +a few seconds he looked at him in silence. His handsome face assumed a +melodramatically gentle expression and he held out his hand. + +You have saved my life. You are French, said he. + +For a Frenchman that deduction was indubitable. Only a Frenchman could +perform a great deed, and to save his lifethe life of M. Ramballe, +captain of the 13th Light Regimentwas undoubtedly a very great deed. + +But however indubitable that conclusion and the officers conviction +based upon it, Pierre felt it necessary to disillusion him. + +I am Russian, he said quickly. + +Tut, tut, tut! Tell that to others, said the officer, waving his +finger before his nose and smiling. You shall tell me all about that +presently. I am delighted to meet a compatriot. Well, and what are we +to do with this man? he added, addressing himself to Pierre as to a +brother. + +Even if Pierre were not a Frenchman, having once received that loftiest +of human appellations he could not renounce it, said the officers look +and tone. In reply to his last question Pierre again explained who Makr +Alexevich was and how just before their arrival that drunken imbecile +had seized the loaded pistol which they had not had time to recover from +him, and begged the officer to let the deed go unpunished. + +The Frenchman expanded his chest and made a majestic gesture with his +arm. + +You have saved my life! You are French. You ask his pardon? I grant it +you. Lead that man away! said he quickly and energetically, and taking +the arm of Pierre whom he had promoted to be a Frenchman for saving his +life, he went with him into the room. + +The soldiers in the yard, hearing the shot, came into the passage asking +what had happened, and expressed their readiness to punish the culprits, +but the officer sternly checked them. + +You will be called in when you are wanted, he said. + +The soldiers went out again, and the orderly, who had meanwhile had time +to visit the kitchen, came up to his officer. + +Captain, there is soup and a leg of mutton in the kitchen, said he. +Shall I serve them up? + +Yes, and some wine, answered the captain. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXIX + +When the French officer went into the room with Pierre the latter again +thought it his duty to assure him that he was not French and wished to +go away, but the officer would not hear of it. He was so very polite, +amiable, good-natured, and genuinely grateful to Pierre for saving his +life that Pierre had not the heart to refuse, and sat down with him in +the parlorthe first room they entered. To Pierres assurances that he +was not a Frenchman, the captain, evidently not understanding how anyone +could decline so flattering an appellation, shrugged his shoulders and +said that if Pierre absolutely insisted on passing for a Russian let it +be so, but for all that he would be forever bound to Pierre by gratitude +for saving his life. + +Had this man been endowed with the slightest capacity for perceiving the +feelings of others, and had he at all understood what Pierres feelings +were, the latter would probably have left him, but the mans animated +obtuseness to everything other than himself disarmed Pierre. + +A Frenchman or a Russian prince incognito, said the officer, looking +at Pierres fine though dirty linen and at the ring on his finger. +I owe my life to you and offer you my friendship. A Frenchman never +forgets either an insult or a service. I offer you my friendship. That +is all I can say. + +There was so much good nature and nobility (in the French sense of the +word) in the officers voice, in the expression of his face and in +his gestures, that Pierre, unconsciously smiling in response to the +Frenchmans smile, pressed the hand held out to him. + +Captain Ramballe, of the 13th Light Regiment, Chevalier of the Legion +of Honor for the affair on the seventh of September, he introduced +himself, a self-satisfied irrepressible smile puckering his lips under +his mustache. Will you now be so good as to tell me with whom I have +the honor of conversing so pleasantly, instead of being in the ambulance +with that maniacs bullet in my body? + +Pierre replied that he could not tell him his name and, blushing, +began to try to invent a name and to say something about his reason for +concealing it, but the Frenchman hastily interrupted him. + +Oh, please! said he. I understand your reasons. You are an officer... +a superior officer perhaps. You have borne arms against us. Thats not +my business. I owe you my life. That is enough for me. I am quite at +your service. You belong to the gentry? he concluded with a shade of +inquiry in his tone. Pierre bent his head. Your baptismal name, if you +please. That is all I ask. Monsieur Pierre, you say.... Thats all I +want to know. + +When the mutton and an omelet had been served and a samovar and vodka +brought, with some wine which the French had taken from a Russian cellar +and brought with them, Ramballe invited Pierre to share his dinner, and +himself began to eat greedily and quickly like a healthy and hungry man, +munching his food rapidly with his strong teeth, continually smacking +his lips, and repeatingExcellent! Delicious! His face grew red and +was covered with perspiration. Pierre was hungry and shared the dinner +with pleasure. Morel, the orderly, brought some hot water in a saucepan +and placed a bottle of claret in it. He also brought a bottle of kvass, +taken from the kitchen for them to try. That beverage was already known +to the French and had been given a special name. They called it limonade +de cochon (pigs lemonade), and Morel spoke well of the limonade de +cochon he had found in the kitchen. But as the captain had the wine they +had taken while passing through Moscow, he left the kvass to Morel and +applied himself to the bottle of Bordeaux. He wrapped the bottle up +to its neck in a table napkin and poured out wine for himself and for +Pierre. The satisfaction of his hunger and the wine rendered the captain +still more lively and he chatted incessantly all through dinner. + +Yes, my dear Monsieur Pierre, I owe you a fine votive candle for +saving me from that maniac.... You see, I have bullets enough in my +body already. Here is one I got at Wagram (he touched his side) and a +second at Smolnskhe showed a scar on his cheekand this leg which as +you see does not want to march, I got that on the seventh at the great +battle of la Moskowa. Sacr Dieu! It was splendid! That deluge of fire +was worth seeing. It was a tough job you set us there, my word! You may +be proud of it! And on my honor, in spite of the cough I caught there, I +should be ready to begin again. I pity those who did not see it. + +I was there, said Pierre. + +Bah, really? So much the better! You are certainly brave foes. The +great redoubt held out well, by my pipe! continued the Frenchman. And +you made us pay dear for it. I was at it three timessure as I sit here. +Three times we reached the guns and three times we were thrown back +like cardboard figures. Oh, it was beautiful, Monsieur Pierre! Your +grenadiers were splendid, by heaven! I saw them close up their ranks six +times in succession and march as if on parade. Fine fellows! Our King of +Naples, who knows whats what, cried Bravo! Ha, ha! So you are one of +us soldiers! he added, smiling, after a momentary pause. So much +the better, so much the better, Monsieur Pierre! Terrible in battle... +gallant... with the fair (he winked and smiled), thats what the +French are, Monsieur Pierre, arent they? + +The captain was so navely and good-humoredly gay, so real, and so +pleased with himself that Pierre almost winked back as he looked merrily +at him. Probably the word gallant turned the captains thoughts to the +state of Moscow. + +Apropos, tell me please, is it true that the women have all left +Moscow? What a queer idea! What had they to be afraid of? + +Would not the French ladies leave Paris if the Russians entered it? +asked Pierre. + +Ha, ha, ha! The Frenchman emitted a merry, sanguine chuckle, patting +Pierre on the shoulder. What a thing to say! he exclaimed. Paris?... +But Paris, Paris... + +Paristhe capital of the world, Pierre finished his remark for him. + +The captain looked at Pierre. He had a habit of stopping short in the +middle of his talk and gazing intently with his laughing, kindly eyes. + +Well, if you hadnt told me you were Russian, I should have wagered +that you were Parisian! You have that... I dont know what, that... and +having uttered this compliment, he again gazed at him in silence. + +I have been in Paris. I spent years there, said Pierre. + +Oh yes, one sees that plainly. Paris!... A man who doesnt know Paris +is a savage. You can tell a Parisian two leagues off. Paris is Talma, la +Duchnois, Potier, the Sorbonne, the boulevards, and noticing that +his conclusion was weaker than what had gone before, he added quickly +There is only one Paris in the world. You have been to Paris and have +remained Russian. Well, I dont esteem you the less for it. + +Under the influence of the wine he had drunk, and after the days he had +spent alone with his depressing thoughts, Pierre involuntarily enjoyed +talking with this cheerful and good-natured man. + +To return to your ladiesI hear they are lovely. What a wretched idea +to go and bury themselves in the steppes when the French army is in +Moscow. What a chance those girls have missed! Your peasants, nowthats +another thing but you civilized people, you ought to know us better +than that. We took Vienna, Berlin, Madrid, Naples, Rome, Warsaw, all +the worlds capitals.... We are feared, but we are loved. We are nice to +know. And then the Emperor... he began, but Pierre interrupted him. + +The Emperor, Pierre repeated, and his face suddenly became sad and +embarrassed, is the Emperor...? + +The Emperor? He is generosity, mercy, justice, order, geniusthats +what the Emperor is! It is I, Ramballe, who tell you so.... I assure you +I was his enemy eight years ago. My father was an emigrant count.... But +that man has vanquished me. He has taken hold of me. I could not resist +the sight of the grandeur and glory with which he has covered France. +When I understood what he wantedwhen I saw that he was preparing a bed +of laurels for us, you know, I said to myself That is a monarch, and +I devoted myself to him! So there! Oh yes, mon cher, he is the greatest +man of the ages past or future. + +Is he in Moscow? Pierre stammered with a guilty look. + +The Frenchman looked at his guilty face and smiled. + +No, he will make his entry tomorrow, he replied, and continued his +talk. + +Their conversation was interrupted by the cries of several voices at +the gate and by Morel, who came to say that some Wrttemberg hussars had +come and wanted to put up their horses in the yard where the captains +horses were. This difficulty had arisen chiefly because the hussars did +not understand what was said to them in French. + +The captain had their senior sergeant called in, and in a stern voice +asked him to what regiment he belonged, who was his commanding officer, +and by what right he allowed himself to claim quarters that were already +occupied. The German who knew little French, answered the two first +questions by giving the names of his regiment and of his commanding +officer, but in reply to the third question which he did not understand +said, introducing broken French into his own German, that he was the +quartermaster of the regiment and his commander had ordered him to +occupy all the houses one after another. Pierre, who knew German, +translated what the German said to the captain and gave the captains +reply to the Wrttemberg hussar in German. When he had understood what +was said to him, the German submitted and took his men elsewhere. The +captain went out into the porch and gave some orders in a loud voice. + +When he returned to the room Pierre was sitting in the same place as +before, with his head in his hands. His face expressed suffering. He +really was suffering at that moment. When the captain went out and he +was left alone, suddenly he came to himself and realized the position +he was in. It was not that Moscow had been taken or that the happy +conquerors were masters in it and were patronizing him. Painful as +that was it was not that which tormented Pierre at the moment. He was +tormented by the consciousness of his own weakness. The few glasses of +wine he had drunk and the conversation with this good-natured man had +destroyed the mood of concentrated gloom in which he had spent the last +few days and which was essential for the execution of his design. The +pistol, dagger, and peasant coat were ready. Napoleon was to enter the +town next day. Pierre still considered that it would be a useful and +worthy action to slay the evildoer, but now he felt that he would not +do it. He did not know why, but he felt a foreboding that he would not +carry out his intention. He struggled against the confession of his +weakness but dimly felt that he could not overcome it and that his +former gloomy frame of mind, concerning vengeance, killing, and +self-sacrifice, had been dispersed like dust by contact with the first +man he met. + +The captain returned to the room, limping slightly and whistling a tune. + +The Frenchmans chatter which had previously amused Pierre now repelled +him. The tune he was whistling, his gait, and the gesture with which +he twirled his mustache, all now seemed offensive. I will go away +immediately. I wont say another word to him, thought Pierre. He +thought this, but still sat in the same place. A strange feeling of +weakness tied him to the spot he wished to get up and go away, but +could not do so. + +The captain, on the other hand, seemed very cheerful. He paced up and +down the room twice. His eyes shone and his mustache twitched as if he +were smiling to himself at some amusing thought. + +The colonel of those Wrttembergers is delightful, he suddenly said. +Hes a German, but a nice fellow all the same.... But hes a German. +He sat down facing Pierre. By the way, you know German, then? + +Pierre looked at him in silence. + +What is the German for shelter? + +Shelter? Pierre repeated. The German for shelter is Unterkunft. + +How do you say it? the captain asked quickly and doubtfully. + +Unterkunft, Pierre repeated. + +Onterkoff, said the captain and looked at Pierre for some seconds with +laughing eyes. These Germans are first-rate fools, dont you think so, +Monsieur Pierre? he concluded. + +Well, lets have another bottle of this Moscow Bordeaux, shall we? +Morel will warm us up another little bottle. Morel! he called out +gaily. + +Morel brought candles and a bottle of wine. The captain looked at Pierre +by the candlelight and was evidently struck by the troubled expression +on his companions face. Ramballe, with genuine distress and sympathy in +his face, went up to Pierre and bent over him. + +There now, were sad, said he, touching Pierres hand. Have I +upset you? No, really, have you anything against me? he asked Pierre. +Perhaps its the state of affairs? + +Pierre did not answer, but looked cordially into the Frenchmans eyes +whose expression of sympathy was pleasing to him. + +Honestly, without speaking of what I owe you, I feel friendship for +you. Can I do anything for you? Dispose of me. It is for life and death. +I say it with my hand on my heart! said he, striking his chest. + +Thank you, said Pierre. + +The captain gazed intently at him as he had done when he learned that +shelter was Unterkunft in German, and his face suddenly brightened. + +Well, in that case, I drink to our friendship! he cried gaily, filling +two glasses with wine. + +Pierre took one of the glasses and emptied it. Ramballe emptied his too, +again pressed Pierres hand, and leaned his elbows on the table in a +pensive attitude. + +Yes, my dear friend, he began, such is fortunes caprice. Who would +have said that I should be a soldier and a captain of dragoons in the +service of Bonaparte, as we used to call him? Yet here I am in Moscow +with him. I must tell you, mon cher, he continued in the sad and +measured tones of a man who intends to tell a long story, that our name +is one of the most ancient in France. + +And with a Frenchmans easy and nave frankness the captain told Pierre +the story of his ancestors, his childhood, youth, and manhood, and all +about his relations and his financial and family affairs, ma pauvre +mre playing of course an important part in the story. + +But all that is only lifes setting, the real thing is lovelove! Am I +not right, Monsieur Pierre? said he, growing animated. Another glass? + +Pierre again emptied his glass and poured himself out a third. + +Oh, women, women! and the captain, looking with glistening eyes at +Pierre, began talking of love and of his love affairs. + +There were very many of these, as one could easily believe, looking +at the officers handsome, self-satisfied face, and noting the eager +enthusiasm with which he spoke of women. Though all Ramballes love +stories had the sensual character which Frenchmen regard as the special +charm and poetry of love, yet he told his story with such sincere +conviction that he alone had experienced and known all the charm of love +and he described women so alluringly that Pierre listened to him with +curiosity. + +It was plain that lamour which the Frenchman was so fond of was not +that low and simple kind that Pierre had once felt for his wife, nor +was it the romantic love stimulated by himself that he experienced for +Natsha. (Ramballe despised both these kinds of love equally the one +he considered the love of clodhoppers and the other the love +of simpletons.) Lamour which the Frenchman worshiped consisted +principally in the unnaturalness of his relation to the woman and in a +combination of incongruities giving the chief charm to the feeling. + +Thus the captain touchingly recounted the story of his love for a +fascinating marquise of thirty-five and at the same time for a charming, +innocent child of seventeen, daughter of the bewitching marquise. The +conflict of magnanimity between the mother and the daughter, ending in +the mothers sacrificing herself and offering her daughter in marriage +to her lover, even now agitated the captain, though it was the memory of +a distant past. Then he recounted an episode in which the husband played +the part of the lover, and hethe loverassumed the role of the husband, +as well as several droll incidents from his recollections of Germany, +where shelter is called Unterkunft and where the husbands eat +sauerkraut and the young girls are too blonde. + +Finally, the latest episode in Poland still fresh in the captains +memory, and which he narrated with rapid gestures and glowing face, was +of how he had saved the life of a Pole (in general, the saving of +life continually occurred in the captains stories) and the Pole had +entrusted to him his enchanting wife (parisienne de cur) while himself +entering the French service. The captain was happy, the enchanting +Polish lady wished to elope with him, but, prompted by magnanimity, the +captain restored the wife to the husband, saying as he did so I have +saved your life, and I save your honor! Having repeated these words the +captain wiped his eyes and gave himself a shake, as if driving away the +weakness which assailed him at this touching recollection. + +Listening to the captains tales, Pierreas often happens late in the +evening and under the influence of winefollowed all that was told him, +understood it all, and at the same time followed a train of personal +memories which, he knew not why, suddenly arose in his mind. While +listening to these love stories his own love for Natsha unexpectedly +rose to his mind, and going over the pictures of that love in his +imagination he mentally compared them with Ramballes tales. Listening +to the story of the struggle between love and duty, Pierre saw before +his eyes every minutest detail of his last meeting with the object of +his love at the Skharev water tower. At the time of that meeting it had +not produced an effect upon himhe had not even once recalled it. But +now it seemed to him that that meeting had had in it something very +important and poetic. + +Peter Kirlovich, come here! We have recognized you, he now seemed +to hear the words she had uttered and to see before him her eyes, her +smile, her traveling hood, and a stray lock of her hair... and there +seemed to him something pathetic and touching in all this. + +Having finished his tale about the enchanting Polish lady, the captain +asked Pierre if he had ever experienced a similar impulse to sacrifice +himself for love and a feeling of envy of the legitimate husband. + +Challenged by this question Pierre raised his head and felt a need to +express the thoughts that filled his mind. He began to explain that he +understood love for a woman somewhat differently. He said that in all +his life he had loved and still loved only one woman, and that she could +never be his. + +Tiens! said the captain. + +Pierre then explained that he had loved this woman from his earliest +years, but that he had not dared to think of her because she was too +young, and because he had been an illegitimate son without a name. +Afterwards when he had received a name and wealth he dared not think of +her because he loved her too well, placing her far above everything in +the world, and especially therefore above himself. + +When he had reached this point, Pierre asked the captain whether he +understood that. + +The captain made a gesture signifying that even if he did not understand +it he begged Pierre to continue. + +Platnic love, clouds... he muttered. + +Whether it was the wine he had drunk, or an impulse of frankness, or the +thought that this man did not, and never would, know any of those who +played a part in his story, or whether it was all these things together, +something loosened Pierres tongue. Speaking thickly and with a faraway +look in his shining eyes, he told the whole story of his life his +marriage, Natshas love for his best friend, her betrayal of him, and +all his own simple relations with her. Urged on by Ramballes questions +he also told what he had at first concealedhis own position and even +his name. + +More than anything else in Pierres story the captain was impressed by +the fact that Pierre was very rich, had two mansions in Moscow, and that +he had abandoned everything and not left the city, but remained there +concealing his name and station. + +When it was late at night they went out together into the street. The +night was warm and light. To the left of the house on the Pokrvka a +fire glowedthe first of those that were beginning in Moscow. To the +right and high up in the sky was the sickle of the waning moon and +opposite to it hung that bright comet which was connected in Pierres +heart with his love. At the gate stood Gersim, the cook, and two +Frenchmen. Their laughter and their mutually incomprehensible remarks in +two languages could be heard. They were looking at the glow seen in the +town. + +There was nothing terrible in the one small, distant fire in the immense +city. + +Gazing at the high starry sky, at the moon, at the comet, and at the +glow from the fire, Pierre experienced a joyful emotion. There now, +how good it is, what more does one need? thought he. And suddenly +remembering his intention he grew dizzy and felt so faint that he leaned +against the fence to save himself from falling. + +Without taking leave of his new friend, Pierre left the gate with +unsteady steps and returning to his room lay down on the sofa and +immediately fell asleep. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXX + +The glow of the first fire that began on the second of September was +watched from the various roads by the fugitive Muscovites and by the +retreating troops, with many different feelings. + +The Rostv party spent the night at Mytshchi, fourteen miles from +Moscow. They had started so late on the first of September, the road +had been so blocked by vehicles and troops, so many things had been +forgotten for which servants were sent back, that they had decided to +spend that night at a place three miles out of Moscow. The next morning +they woke late and were again delayed so often that they only got as far +as Great Mytshchi. At ten oclock that evening the Rostv family and +the wounded traveling with them were all distributed in the yards and +huts of that large village. The Rostvs servants and coachmen and the +orderlies of the wounded officers, after attending to their masters, had +supper, fed the horses, and came out into the porches. + +In a neighboring hut lay Ravskis adjutant with a fractured wrist. The +awful pain he suffered made him moan incessantly and piteously, and his +moaning sounded terrible in the darkness of the autumn night. He had +spent the first night in the same yard as the Rostvs. The countess said +she had been unable to close her eyes on account of his moaning, and at +Mytshchi she moved into a worse hut simply to be farther away from the +wounded man. + +In the darkness of the night one of the servants noticed, above the high +body of a coach standing before the porch, the small glow of another +fire. One glow had long been visible and everybody knew that it was +Little Mytshchi burningset on fire by Mamnovs Cossacks. + +But look here, brothers, theres another fire! remarked an orderly. + +All turned their attention to the glow. + +But they told us Little Mytshchi had been set on fire by Mamnovs +Cossacks. + +But thats not Mytshchi, its farther away. + +Look, it must be in Moscow! + +Two of the gazers went round to the other side of the coach and sat down +on its steps. + +Its more to the left, why, Little Mytshchi is over there, and this is +right on the other side. + +Several men joined the first two. + +See how its flaring, said one. Thats a fire in Moscow either in +the Sushchvski or the Rogzhski quarter. + +No one replied to this remark and for some time they all gazed silently +at the spreading flames of the second fire in the distance. + +Old Daniel Terntich, the counts valet (as he was called), came up to +the group and shouted at Mshka. + +What are you staring at, you good-for-nothing?... The count will be +calling and theres nobody there go and gather the clothes together. + +I only ran out to get some water, said Mshka. + +But what do you think, Daniel Terntich? Doesnt it look as if that +glow were in Moscow? remarked one of the footmen. + +Daniel Terntich made no reply, and again for a long time they were all +silent. The glow spread, rising and falling, farther and farther still. + +God have mercy.... Its windy and dry... said another voice. + +Just look! See what its doing now. O Lord! You can even see the crows +flying. Lord have mercy on us sinners! + +Theyll put it out, no fear! + +Whos to put it out? Daniel Terntich, who had hitherto been silent, +was heard to say. His voice was calm and deliberate. Moscow it is, +brothers, said he. Mother Moscow, the white... his voice faltered, +and he gave way to an old mans sob. + +And it was as if they had all only waited for this to realize the +significance for them of the glow they were watching. Sighs were heard, +words of prayer, and the sobbing of the counts old valet. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXI + +The valet, returning to the cottage, informed the count that Moscow was +burning. The count donned his dressing gown and went out to look. Snya +and Madame Schoss, who had not yet undressed, went out with him. Only +Natsha and the countess remained in the room. Ptya was no longer +with the family, he had gone on with his regiment which was making for +Tritsa. + +The countess, on hearing that Moscow was on fire, began to cry. Natsha, +pale, with a fixed look, was sitting on the bench under the icons just +where she had sat down on arriving and paid no attention to her fathers +words. She was listening to the ceaseless moaning of the adjutant, three +houses off. + +Oh, how terrible, said Snya returning from the yard chilled and +frightened. I believe the whole of Moscow will burn, theres an awful +glow! Natsha, do look! You can see it from the window, she said to her +cousin, evidently wishing to distract her mind. + +But Natsha looked at her as if not understanding what was said to her +and again fixed her eyes on the corner of the stove. She had been in +this condition of stupor since the morning, when Snya, to the surprise +and annoyance of the countess, had for some unaccountable reason found +it necessary to tell Natsha of Prince Andrews wound and of his being +with their party. The countess had seldom been so angry with anyone as +she was with Snya. Snya had cried and begged to be forgiven and now, +as if trying to atone for her fault, paid unceasing attention to her +cousin. + +Look, Natsha, how dreadfully it is burning! said she. + +Whats burning? asked Natsha. Oh, yes, Moscow. + +And as if in order not to offend Snya and to get rid of her, she turned +her face to the window, looked out in such a way that it was evident +that she could not see anything, and again settled down in her former +attitude. + +But you didnt see it! + +Yes, really I did, Natsha replied in a voice that pleaded to be left +in peace. + +Both the countess and Snya understood that, naturally, neither Moscow +nor the burning of Moscow nor anything else could seem of importance to +Natsha. + +The count returned and lay down behind the partition. The countess went +up to her daughter and touched her head with the back of her hand as she +was wont to do when Natsha was ill, then touched her forehead with her +lips as if to feel whether she was feverish, and finally kissed her. + +You are cold. You are trembling all over. Youd better lie down, said +the countess. + +Lie down? All right, I will. Ill lie down at once, said Natsha. + +When Natsha had been told that morning that Prince Andrew was seriously +wounded and was traveling with their party, she had at first asked many +questions Where was he going? How was he wounded? Was it serious? And +could she see him? But after she had been told that she could not see +him, that he was seriously wounded but that his life was not in danger, +she ceased to ask questions or to speak at all, evidently disbelieving +what they told her, and convinced that say what she might she would +still be told the same. All the way she had sat motionless in a corner +of the coach with wide open eyes, and the expression in them which the +countess knew so well and feared so much, and now she sat in the same +way on the bench where she had seated herself on arriving. She was +planning something and either deciding or had already decided something +in her mind. The countess knew this, but what it might be she did not +know, and this alarmed and tormented her. + +Natsha, undress, darling lie down on my bed. + +A bed had been made on a bedstead for the countess only. Madame Schoss +and the two girls were to sleep on some hay on the floor. + +No, Mamma, I will lie down here on the floor, Natsha replied +irritably and she went to the window and opened it. Through the open +window the moans of the adjutant could be heard more distinctly. She put +her head out into the damp night air, and the countess saw her slim neck +shaking with sobs and throbbing against the window frame. Natsha knew +it was not Prince Andrew who was moaning. She knew Prince Andrew was in +the same yard as themselves and in a part of the hut across the passage +but this dreadful incessant moaning made her sob. The countess exchanged +a look with Snya. + +Lie down, darling lie down, my pet, said the countess, softly +touching Natshas shoulders. Come, lie down. + +Oh, yes... Ill lie down at once, said Natsha, and began hurriedly +undressing, tugging at the tapes of her petticoat. + +When she had thrown off her dress and put on a dressing jacket, she sat +down with her foot under her on the bed that had been made up on the +floor, jerked her thin and rather short plait of hair to the front, +and began replaiting it. Her long, thin, practiced fingers rapidly +unplaited, replaited, and tied up her plait. Her head moved from side +to side from habit, but her eyes, feverishly wide, looked fixedly before +her. When her toilet for the night was finished she sank gently onto the +sheet spread over the hay on the side nearest the door. + +Natsha, youd better lie in the middle, said Snya. + +Ill stay here, muttered Natsha. Do lie down, she added crossly, +and buried her face in the pillow. + +The countess, Madame Schoss, and Snya undressed hastily and lay down. +The small lamp in front of the icons was the only light left in +the room. But in the yard there was a light from the fire at Little +Mytshchi a mile and a half away, and through the night came the noise +of people shouting at a tavern Mamnovs Cossacks had set up across the +street, and the adjutants unceasing moans could still be heard. + +For a long time Natsha listened attentively to the sounds that reached +her from inside and outside the room and did not move. First she heard +her mother praying and sighing and the creaking of her bed under +her, then Madame Schoss familiar whistling snore and Snyas gentle +breathing. Then the countess called to Natsha. Natsha did not answer. + +I think shes asleep, Mamma, said Snya softly. + +After a short silence the countess spoke again but this time no one +replied. + +Soon after that Natsha heard her mothers even breathing. Natsha did +not move, though her little bare foot, thrust out from under the quilt, +was growing cold on the bare floor. + +As if to celebrate a victory over everybody, a cricket chirped in a +crack in the wall. A cock crowed far off and another replied near +by. The shouting in the tavern had died down only the moaning of the +adjutant was heard. Natsha sat up. + +Snya, are you asleep? Mamma? she whispered. + +No one replied. Natsha rose slowly and carefully, crossed herself, and +stepped cautiously on the cold and dirty floor with her slim, supple, +bare feet. The boards of the floor creaked. Stepping cautiously from one +foot to the other she ran like a kitten the few steps to the door and +grasped the cold door handle. + +It seemed to her that something heavy was beating rhythmically against +all the walls of the room it was her own heart, sinking with alarm and +terror and overflowing with love. + +She opened the door and stepped across the threshold and onto the cold, +damp earthen floor of the passage. The cold she felt refreshed her. With +her bare feet she touched a sleeping man, stepped over him, and opened +the door into the part of the hut where Prince Andrew lay. It was dark +in there. In the farthest corner, on a bench beside a bed on which +something was lying, stood a tallow candle with a long, thick, and +smoldering wick. + +From the moment she had been told that morning of Prince Andrews wound +and his presence there, Natsha had resolved to see him. She did not +know why she had to, she knew the meeting would be painful, but felt the +more convinced that it was necessary. + +All day she had lived only in hope of seeing him that night. But now +that the moment had come she was filled with dread of what she might +see. How was he maimed? What was left of him? Was he like that incessant +moaning of the adjutants? Yes, he was altogether like that. In her +imagination he was that terrible moaning personified. When she saw an +indistinct shape in the corner, and mistook his knees raised under the +quilt for his shoulders, she imagined a horrible body there, and stood +still in terror. But an irresistible impulse drew her forward. She +cautiously took one step and then another, and found herself in the +middle of a small room containing baggage. Another manTimkhinwas +lying in a corner on the benches beneath the icons, and two othersthe +doctor and a valetlay on the floor. + +The valet sat up and whispered something. Timkhin, kept awake by the +pain in his wounded leg, gazed with wide-open eyes at this strange +apparition of a girl in a white chemise, dressing jacket, and nightcap. +The valets sleepy, frightened exclamation, What do you want? Whats +the matter? made Natsha approach more swiftly to what was lying in the +corner. Horribly unlike a man as that body looked, she must see him. +She passed the valet, the snuff fell from the candle wick, and she saw +Prince Andrew clearly with his arms outside the quilt, and such as she +had always seen him. + +He was the same as ever, but the feverish color of his face, his +glittering eyes rapturously turned toward her, and especially his neck, +delicate as a childs, revealed by the turn-down collar of his shirt, +gave him a peculiarly innocent, childlike look, such as she had never +seen on him before. She went up to him and with a swift, flexible, +youthful movement dropped on her knees. + +He smiled and held out his hand to her. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXII + +Seven days had passed since Prince Andrew found himself in the +ambulance station on the field of Borodin. His feverish state and the +inflammation of his bowels, which were injured, were in the doctors +opinion sure to carry him off. But on the seventh day he ate with +pleasure a piece of bread with some tea, and the doctor noticed that his +temperature was lower. He had regained consciousness that morning. +The first night after they left Moscow had been fairly warm and he had +remained in the calche, but at Mytshchi the wounded man himself asked +to be taken out and given some tea. The pain caused by his removal into +the hut had made him groan aloud and again lose consciousness. When he +had been placed on his camp bed he lay for a long time motionless with +closed eyes. Then he opened them and whispered softly And the tea? +His remembering such a small detail of everyday life astonished +the doctor. He felt Prince Andrews pulse, and to his surprise and +dissatisfaction found it had improved. He was dissatisfied because he +knew by experience that if his patient did not die now, he would do so +a little later with greater suffering. Timkhin, the red-nosed major of +Prince Andrews regiment, had joined him in Moscow and was being +taken along with him, having been wounded in the leg at the battle of +Borodin. They were accompanied by a doctor, Prince Andrews valet, his +coachman, and two orderlies. + +They gave Prince Andrew some tea. He drank it eagerly, looking with +feverish eyes at the door in front of him as if trying to understand and +remember something. + +I dont want any more. Is Timkhin here? he asked. + +Timkhin crept along the bench to him. + +I am here, your excellency. + +Hows your wound? + +Mine, sir? All right. But how about you? + +Prince Andrew again pondered as if trying to remember something. + +Couldnt one get a book? he asked. + +What book? + +The Gospels. I havent one. + +The doctor promised to procure it for him and began to ask how he +was feeling. Prince Andrew answered all his questions reluctantly but +reasonably, and then said he wanted a bolster placed under him as he was +uncomfortable and in great pain. The doctor and valet lifted the cloak +with which he was covered and, making wry faces at the noisome smell of +mortifying flesh that came from the wound, began examining that dreadful +place. The doctor was very much displeased about something and made a +change in the dressings, turning the wounded man over so that he groaned +again and grew unconscious and delirious from the agony. He kept asking +them to get him the book and put it under him. + +What trouble would it be to you? he said. I have not got one. Please +get it for me and put it under for a moment, he pleaded in a piteous +voice. + +The doctor went into the passage to wash his hands. + +You fellows have no conscience, said he to the valet who was pouring +water over his hands. For just one moment I didnt look after you... +Its such pain, you know, that I wonder how he can bear it. + +By the Lord Jesus Christ, I thought we had put something under him! +said the valet. + +The first time Prince Andrew understood where he was and what was the +matter with him and remembered being wounded and how was when he asked +to be carried into the hut after his calche had stopped at Mytshchi. +After growing confused from pain while being carried into the hut he +again regained consciousness, and while drinking tea once more recalled +all that had happened to him, and above all vividly remembered the +moment at the ambulance station when, at the sight of the sufferings of +a man he disliked, those new thoughts had come to him which promised him +happiness. And those thoughts, though now vague and indefinite, again +possessed his soul. He remembered that he had now a new source of +happiness and that this happiness had something to do with the Gospels. +That was why he asked for a copy of them. The uncomfortable position in +which they had put him and turned him over again confused his thoughts, +and when he came to himself a third time it was in the complete +stillness of the night. Everybody near him was sleeping. A cricket +chirped from across the passage someone was shouting and singing in +the street cockroaches rustled on the table, on the icons, and on +the walls, and a big fly flopped at the head of the bed and around the +candle beside him, the wick of which was charred and had shaped itself +like a mushroom. + +His mind was not in a normal state. A healthy man usually thinks of, +feels, and remembers innumerable things simultaneously, but has the +power and will to select one sequence of thoughts or events on which to +fix his whole attention. A healthy man can tear himself away from the +deepest reflections to say a civil word to someone who comes in and can +then return again to his own thoughts. But Prince Andrews mind was not +in a normal state in that respect. All the powers of his mind were more +active and clearer than ever, but they acted apart from his will. Most +diverse thoughts and images occupied him simultaneously. At times his +brain suddenly began to work with a vigor, clearness, and depth it had +never reached when he was in health, but suddenly in the midst of its +work it would turn to some unexpected idea and he had not the strength +to turn it back again. + +Yes, a new happiness was revealed to me of which man cannot be +deprived, he thought as he lay in the semidarkness of the quiet hut, +gazing fixedly before him with feverish wide open eyes. A happiness +lying beyond material forces, outside the material influences that act +on mana happiness of the soul alone, the happiness of loving. Every man +can understand it, but to conceive it and enjoin it was possible only +for God. But how did God enjoin that law? And why was the Son...? + +And suddenly the sequence of these thoughts broke off, and Prince Andrew +heard (without knowing whether it was a delusion or reality) a +soft whispering voice incessantly and rhythmically repeating +piti-piti-piti, and then titi, and then again piti-piti-piti, and +ti-ti once more. At the same time he felt that above his face, above +the very middle of it, some strange airy structure was being erected out +of slender needles or splinters, to the sound of this whispered music. +He felt that he had to balance carefully (though it was difficult) so +that this airy structure should not collapse but nevertheless it kept +collapsing and again slowly rising to the sound of whispered rhythmic +musicit stretches, stretches, spreading out and stretching, said +Prince Andrew to himself. While listening to this whispering and feeling +the sensation of this drawing out and the construction of this edifice +of needles, he also saw by glimpses a red halo round the candle, and +heard the rustle of the cockroaches and the buzzing of the fly that +flopped against his pillow and his face. Each time the fly touched his +face it gave him a burning sensation and yet to his surprise it did not +destroy the structure, though it knocked against the very region of his +face where it was rising. But besides this there was something else of +importance. It was something white by the doorthe statue of a sphinx, +which also oppressed him. + +But perhaps thats my shirt on the table, he thought, and thats my +legs, and that is the door, but why is it always stretching and drawing +itself out, and piti-piti-piti and ti-ti and piti-piti-piti...? +Thats enough, please leave off! Prince Andrew painfully entreated +someone. And suddenly thoughts and feelings again swam to the surface of +his mind with peculiar clearness and force. + +Yeslove, he thought again quite clearly. But not love which loves +for something, for some quality, for some purpose, or for some reason, +but the love which Iwhile dyingfirst experienced when I saw my enemy +and yet loved him. I experienced that feeling of love which is the very +essence of the soul and does not require an object. Now again I feel +that bliss. To love ones neighbors, to love ones enemies, to love +everything, to love God in all His manifestations. It is possible to +love someone dear to you with human love, but an enemy can only be loved +by divine love. That is why I experienced such joy when I felt that I +loved that man. What has become of him? Is he alive?... + +When loving with human love one may pass from love to hatred, but +divine love cannot change. No, neither death nor anything else can +destroy it. It is the very essence of the soul. Yet how many people have +I hated in my life? And of them all, I loved and hated none as I did +her. And he vividly pictured to himself Natsha, not as he had done in +the past with nothing but her charms which gave him delight, but for +the first time picturing to himself her soul. And he understood her +feelings, her sufferings, shame, and remorse. He now understood for the +first time all the cruelty of his rejection of her, the cruelty of his +rupture with her. If only it were possible for me to see her once more! +Just once, looking into those eyes to say... + +Piti-piti-piti and ti-ti and piti-piti-piti boom! flopped the fly.... +And his attention was suddenly carried into another world, a world of +reality and delirium in which something particular was happening. In +that world some structure was still being erected and did not fall, +something was still stretching out, and the candle with its red halo +was still burning, and the same shirtlike sphinx lay near the door but +besides all this something creaked, there was a whiff of fresh air, and +a new white sphinx appeared, standing at the door. And that sphinx had +the pale face and shining eyes of the very Natsha of whom he had just +been thinking. + +Oh, how oppressive this continual delirium is, thought Prince Andrew, +trying to drive that face from his imagination. But the face remained +before him with the force of reality and drew nearer. Prince Andrew +wished to return to that former world of pure thought, but he could not, +and delirium drew him back into its domain. The soft whispering voice +continued its rhythmic murmur, something oppressed him and stretched +out, and the strange face was before him. Prince Andrew collected all +his strength in an effort to recover his senses, he moved a little, and +suddenly there was a ringing in his ears, a dimness in his eyes, and +like a man plunged into water he lost consciousness. When he came to +himself, Natsha, that same living Natsha whom of all people he most +longed to love with this new pure divine love that had been revealed to +him, was kneeling before him. He realized that it was the real living +Natsha, and he was not surprised but quietly happy. Natsha, motionless +on her knees (she was unable to stir), with frightened eyes riveted on +him, was restraining her sobs. Her face was pale and rigid. Only in the +lower part of it something quivered. + +Prince Andrew sighed with relief, smiled, and held out his hand. + +You? he said. How fortunate! + +With a rapid but careful movement Natsha drew nearer to him on her +knees and, taking his hand carefully, bent her face over it and began +kissing it, just touching it lightly with her lips. + +Forgive me! she whispered, raising her head and glancing at him. +Forgive me! + +I love you, said Prince Andrew. + +Forgive...! + +Forgive what? he asked. + +Forgive me for what I ha-ve do-ne! faltered Natsha in a scarcely +audible, broken whisper, and began kissing his hand more rapidly, just +touching it with her lips. + +I love you more, better than before, said Prince Andrew, lifting her +face with his hand so as to look into her eyes. + +Those eyes, filled with happy tears, gazed at him timidly, +compassionately, and with joyous love. Natshas thin pale face, with +its swollen lips, was more than plainit was dreadful. But Prince Andrew +did not see that, he saw her shining eyes which were beautiful. They +heard the sound of voices behind them. + +Peter the valet, who was now wide awake, had roused the doctor. +Timkhin, who had not slept at all because of the pain in his leg, had +long been watching all that was going on, carefully covering his bare +body with the sheet as he huddled up on his bench. + +Whats this? said the doctor, rising from his bed. Please go away, +madam! + +At that moment a maid sent by the countess, who had noticed her +daughters absence, knocked at the door. + +Like a somnambulist aroused from her sleep Natsha went out of the room +and, returning to her hut, fell sobbing on her bed. + +From that time, during all the rest of the Rostvs journey, at every +halting place and wherever they spent a night, Natsha never left the +wounded Bolknski, and the doctor had to admit that he had not expected +from a young girl either such firmness or such skill in nursing a +wounded man. + +Dreadful as the countess imagined it would be should Prince Andrew die +in her daughters arms during the journeyas, judging by what the doctor +said, it seemed might easily happenshe could not oppose Natsha. Though +with the intimacy now established between the wounded man and Natsha +the thought occurred that should he recover their former engagement +would be renewed, no oneleast of all Natsha and Prince Andrewspoke of +this the unsettled question of life and death, which hung not only over +Bolknski but over all Russia, shut out all other considerations. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIII + +On the third of September Pierre awoke late. His head was aching, the +clothes in which he had slept without undressing felt uncomfortable on +his body, and his mind had a dim consciousness of something shameful +he had done the day before. That something shameful was his yesterdays +conversation with Captain Ramballe. + +It was eleven by the clock, but it seemed peculiarly dark out of doors. +Pierre rose, rubbed his eyes, and seeing the pistol with an engraved +stock which Gersim had replaced on the writing table, he remembered +where he was and what lay before him that very day. + +Am I not too late? he thought. No, probably he wont make his entry +into Moscow before noon. + +Pierre did not allow himself to reflect on what lay before him, but +hastened to act. + +After arranging his clothes, he took the pistol and was about to go out. +But it then occurred to him for the first time that he certainly could +not carry the weapon in his hand through the streets. It was difficult +to hide such a big pistol even under his wide coat. He could not +carry it unnoticed in his belt or under his arm. Besides, it had been +discharged, and he had not had time to reload it. No matter, the dagger +will do, he said to himself, though when planning his design he had +more than once come to the conclusion that the chief mistake made by the +student in 1809 had been to try to kill Napoleon with a dagger. But as +his chief aim consisted not in carrying out his design, but in proving +to himself that he would not abandon his intention and was doing all he +could to achieve it, Pierre hastily took the blunt jagged dagger in a +green sheath which he had bought at the Skharev market with the pistol, +and hid it under his waistcoat. + +Having tied a girdle over his coat and pulled his cap low on his head, +Pierre went down the corridor, trying to avoid making a noise or meeting +the captain, and passed out into the street. + +The conflagration, at which he had looked with so much indifference the +evening before, had greatly increased during the night. Moscow was on +fire in several places. The buildings in Carriage Row, across the river, +in the Bazaar and the Povarsky, as well as the barges on the Moskv +River and the timber yards by the Dorogomlov Bridge, were all ablaze. + +Pierres way led through side streets to the Povarsky and from there +to the church of St. Nicholas on the Arbt, where he had long before +decided that the deed should be done. The gates of most of the houses +were locked and the shutters up. The streets and lanes were deserted. +The air was full of smoke and the smell of burning. Now and then he met +Russians with anxious and timid faces, and Frenchmen with an air not of +the city but of the camp, walking in the middle of the streets. Both +the Russians and the French looked at Pierre with surprise. Besides his +height and stoutness, and the strange morose look of suffering in his +face and whole figure, the Russians stared at Pierre because they could +not make out to what class he could belong. The French followed him with +astonishment in their eyes chiefly because Pierre, unlike all the +other Russians who gazed at the French with fear and curiosity, paid no +attention to them. At the gate of one house three Frenchmen, who were +explaining something to some Russians who did not understand them, +stopped Pierre asking if he did not know French. + +Pierre shook his head and went on. In another side street a sentinel +standing beside a green caisson shouted at him, but only when the shout +was threateningly repeated and he heard the click of the mans musket as +he raised it did Pierre understand that he had to pass on the other side +of the street. He heard nothing and saw nothing of what went on around +him. He carried his resolution within himself in terror and haste, like +something dreadful and alien to him, for, after the previous nights +experience, he was afraid of losing it. But he was not destined to bring +his mood safely to his destination. And even had he not been hindered by +anything on the way, his intention could not now have been carried out, +for Napoleon had passed the Arbt more than four hours previously on his +way from the Dorogomlov suburb to the Krmlin, and was now sitting in +a very gloomy frame of mind in a royal study in the Krmlin, giving +detailed and exact orders as to measures to be taken immediately +to extinguish the fire, to prevent looting, and to reassure the +inhabitants. But Pierre did not know this he was entirely absorbed +in what lay before him, and was torturedas those are who obstinately +undertake a task that is impossible for them not because of its +difficulty but because of its incompatibility with their naturesby the +fear of weakening at the decisive moment and so losing his self-esteem. + +Though he heard and saw nothing around him he found his way by instinct +and did not go wrong in the side streets that led to the Povarsky. + +As Pierre approached that street the smoke became denser and denserhe +even felt the heat of the fire. Occasionally curly tongues of flame rose +from under the roofs of the houses. He met more people in the streets +and they were more excited. But Pierre, though he felt that something +unusual was happening around him, did not realize that he was +approaching the fire. As he was going along a footpath across a +wide-open space adjoining the Povarsky on one side and the gardens +of Prince Gruznskis house on the other, Pierre suddenly heard the +desperate weeping of a woman close to him. He stopped as if awakening +from a dream and lifted his head. + +By the side of the path, on the dusty dry grass, all sorts of household +goods lay in a heap featherbeds, a samovar, icons, and trunks. On the +ground, beside the trunks, sat a thin woman no longer young, with long, +prominent upper teeth, and wearing a black cloak and cap. This woman, +swaying to and fro and muttering something, was choking with sobs. Two +girls of about ten and twelve, dressed in dirty short frocks and cloaks, +were staring at their mother with a look of stupefaction on their pale +frightened faces. The youngest child, a boy of about seven, who wore an +overcoat and an immense cap evidently not his own, was crying in his +old nurses arms. A dirty, barefooted maid was sitting on a trunk, +and, having undone her pale-colored plait, was pulling it straight +and sniffing at her singed hair. The womans husband, a short, +round-shouldered man in the undress uniform of a civilian official, with +sausage-shaped whiskers and showing under his square-set cap the hair +smoothly brushed forward over his temples, with expressionless face was +moving the trunks, which were placed one on another, and was dragging +some garments from under them. + +As soon as she saw Pierre, the woman almost threw herself at his feet. + +Dear people, good Christians, save me, help me, dear friends... help +us, somebody, she muttered between her sobs. My girl... My daughter! +My youngest daughter is left behind. Shes burned! Ooh! Was it for this +I nursed you.... Ooh! + +Dont, Mary Nikolevna! said her husband to her in a low voice, +evidently only to justify himself before the stranger. Sister must have +taken her, or else where can she be? he added. + +Monster! Villain! shouted the woman angrily, suddenly ceasing to weep. +You have no heart, you dont feel for your own child! Another man would +have rescued her from the fire. But this is a monster and neither a +man nor a father! You, honored sir, are a noble man, she went on, +addressing Pierre rapidly between her sobs. The fire broke out +alongside, and blew our way, the maid called out Fire! and we rushed +to collect our things. We ran out just as we were.... This is what we +have brought away.... The icons, and my dowry bed, all the rest is lost. +We seized the children. But not Katie! Ooh! O Lord!... and again she +began to sob. My child, my dear one! Burned, burned! + +But where was she left? asked Pierre. + +From the expression of his animated face the woman saw that this man +might help her. + +Oh, dear sir! she cried, seizing him by the legs. My benefactor, set +my heart at ease.... Anska, go, you horrid girl, show him the way! she +cried to the maid, angrily opening her mouth and still farther exposing +her long teeth. + +Show me the way, show me, I... Ill do it, gasped Pierre rapidly. + +The dirty maidservant stepped from behind the trunk, put up her plait, +sighed, and went on her short, bare feet along the path. Pierre felt +as if he had come back to life after a heavy swoon. He held his head +higher, his eyes shone with the light of life, and with swift steps +he followed the maid, overtook her, and came out on the Povarsky. The +whole street was full of clouds of black smoke. Tongues of flame here +and there broke through that cloud. A great number of people crowded in +front of the conflagration. In the middle of the street stood a French +general saying something to those around him. Pierre, accompanied by the +maid, was advancing to the spot where the general stood, but the French +soldiers stopped him. + +On ne passe pas! * cried a voice. + + * You cant pass! + + +This way, uncle, cried the girl. Well pass through the side street, +by the Niklins! + +Pierre turned back, giving a spring now and then to keep up with her. +She ran across the street, turned down a side street to the left, and, +passing three houses, turned into a yard on the right. + +Its here, close by, said she and, running across the yard, opened a +gate in a wooden fence and, stopping, pointed out to him a small wooden +wing of the house, which was burning brightly and fiercely. One of its +sides had fallen in, another was on fire, and bright flames issued from +the openings of the windows and from under the roof. + +As Pierre passed through the fence gate, he was enveloped by hot air and +involuntarily stopped. + +Which is it? Which is your house? he asked. + +Ooh! wailed the girl, pointing to the wing. Thats it, that was our +lodging. Youve burned to death, our treasure, Katie, my precious little +missy! Ooh! lamented Anska, who at the sight of the fire felt that she +too must give expression to her feelings. + +Pierre rushed to the wing, but the heat was so great that he +involuntarily passed round in a curve and came upon the large house +that was as yet burning only at one end, just below the roof, and around +which swarmed a crowd of Frenchmen. At first Pierre did not realize +what these men, who were dragging something out, were about but seeing +before him a Frenchman hitting a peasant with a blunt saber and trying +to take from him a fox-fur coat, he vaguely understood that looting was +going on there, but he had no time to dwell on that idea. + +The sounds of crackling and the din of falling walls and ceilings, the +whistle and hiss of the flames, the excited shouts of the people, and +the sight of the swaying smoke, now gathering into thick black clouds +and now soaring up with glittering sparks, with here and there dense +sheaves of flame (now red and now like golden fish scales creeping along +the walls), and the heat and smoke and rapidity of motion, produced +on Pierre the usual animating effects of a conflagration. It had a +peculiarly strong effect on him because at the sight of the fire he felt +himself suddenly freed from the ideas that had weighed him down. He felt +young, bright, adroit, and resolute. He ran round to the other side of +the lodge and was about to dash into that part of it which was still +standing, when just above his head he heard several voices shouting +and then a cracking sound and the ring of something heavy falling close +beside him. + +Pierre looked up and saw at a window of the large house some Frenchmen +who had just thrown out the drawer of a chest, filled with metal +articles. Other French soldiers standing below went up to the drawer. + +What does this fellow want? shouted one of them referring to Pierre. + +Theres a child in that house. Havent you seen a child? cried Pierre. + +Whats he talking about? Get along! said several voices, and one of +the soldiers, evidently afraid that Pierre might want to take from +them some of the plate and bronzes that were in the drawer, moved +threateningly toward him. + +A child? shouted a Frenchman from above. I did hear something +squealing in the garden. Perhaps its his brat that the fellow is +looking for. After all, one must be human, you know.... + +Where is it? Where? said Pierre. + +There! There! shouted the Frenchman at the window, pointing to the +garden at the back of the house. Wait a bitIm coming down. + +And a minute or two later the Frenchman, a black-eyed fellow with a spot +on his cheek, in shirt sleeves, really did jump out of a window on the +ground floor, and clapping Pierre on the shoulder ran with him into the +garden. + +Hurry up, you others! he called out to his comrades. Its getting +hot. + +When they reached a gravel path behind the house the Frenchman pulled +Pierre by the arm and pointed to a round, graveled space where a +three-year-old girl in a pink dress was lying under a seat. + +There is your child! Oh, a girl, so much the better! said the +Frenchman. Good-by, Fatty. We must be human, we are all mortal you +know! and the Frenchman with the spot on his cheek ran back to his +comrades. + +Breathless with joy, Pierre ran to the little girl and was going to take +her in his arms. But seeing a stranger the sickly, scrofulous-looking +child, unattractively like her mother, began to yell and run away. +Pierre, however, seized her and lifted her in his arms. She screamed +desperately and angrily and tried with her little hands to pull Pierres +hands away and to bite them with her slobbering mouth. Pierre was seized +by a sense of horror and repulsion such as he had experienced when +touching some nasty little animal. But he made an effort not to throw +the child down and ran with her to the large house. It was now, however, +impossible to get back the way he had come the maid, Anska, was no +longer there, and Pierre with a feeling of pity and disgust pressed the +wet, painfully sobbing child to himself as tenderly as he could and ran +with her through the garden seeking another way out. + + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIV + +Having run through different yards and side streets, Pierre got back +with his little burden to the Gruznski garden at the corner of the +Povarsky. He did not at first recognize the place from which he had set +out to look for the child, so crowded was it now with people and goods +that had been dragged out of the houses. Besides Russian families who +had taken refuge here from the fire with their belongings, there were +several French soldiers in a variety of clothing. Pierre took no notice +of them. He hurried to find the family of that civil servant in order to +restore the daughter to her mother and go to save someone else. Pierre +felt that he had still much to do and to do quickly. Glowing with the +heat and from running, he felt at that moment more strongly than ever +the sense of youth, animation, and determination that had come on him +when he ran to save the child. She had now become quiet and, clinging +with her little hands to Pierres coat, sat on his arm gazing about +her like some little wild animal. He glanced at her occasionally with a +slight smile. He fancied he saw something pathetically innocent in that +frightened, sickly little face. + +He did not find the civil servant or his wife where he had left them. He +walked among the crowd with rapid steps, scanning the various faces he +met. Involuntarily he noticed a Georgian or Armenian family +consisting of a very handsome old man of Oriental type, wearing a new, +cloth-covered, sheepskin coat and new boots, an old woman of similar +type, and a young woman. That very young woman seemed to Pierre the +perfection of Oriental beauty, with her sharply outlined, arched, +black eyebrows and the extraordinarily soft, bright color of her long, +beautiful, expressionless face. Amid the scattered property and the +crowd on the open space, she, in her rich satin cloak with a bright +lilac shawl on her head, suggested a delicate exotic plant thrown out +onto the snow. She was sitting on some bundles a little behind the old +woman, and looked from under her long lashes with motionless, large, +almond-shaped eyes at the ground before her. Evidently she was aware +of her beauty and fearful because of it. Her face struck Pierre and, +hurrying along by the fence, he turned several times to look at her. +When he had reached the fence, still without finding those he sought, he +stopped and looked about him. + +With the child in his arms his figure was now more conspicuous than +before, and a group of Russians, both men and women, gathered about him. + +Have you lost anyone, my dear fellow? Youre of the gentry yourself, +arent you? Whose child is it? they asked him. + +Pierre replied that the child belonged to a woman in a black coat who +had been sitting there with her other children, and he asked whether +anyone knew where she had gone. + +Why, that must be the Anfrovs, said an old deacon, addressing a +pockmarked peasant woman. Lord have mercy, Lord have mercy! he added +in his customary bass. + +The Anfrovs? No, said the woman. They left in the morning. That must +be either Mary Nikolevnas or the Ivnovs! + +He says a woman, and Mary Nikolevna is a lady, remarked a house +serf. + +Do you know her? Shes thin, with long teeth, said Pierre. + +Thats Mary Nikolevna! They went inside the garden when these wolves +swooped down, said the woman, pointing to the French soldiers. + +O Lord, have mercy! added the deacon. + +Go over that way, theyre there. Its she! She kept on lamenting and +crying, continued the woman. Its she. Here, this way! + +But Pierre was not listening to the woman. He had for some seconds been +intently watching what was going on a few steps away. He was looking at +the Armenian family and at two French soldiers who had gone up to them. +One of these, a nimble little man, was wearing a blue coat tied round +the waist with a rope. He had a nightcap on his head and his feet were +bare. The other, whose appearance particularly struck Pierre, was a +long, lank, round-shouldered, fair-haired man, slow in his movements +and with an idiotic expression of face. He wore a womans loose gown +of frieze, blue trousers, and large torn Hessian boots. The little +barefooted Frenchman in the blue coat went up to the Armenians and, +saying something, immediately seized the old man by his legs and the old +man at once began pulling off his boots. The other in the frieze gown +stopped in front of the beautiful Armenian girl and with his hands in +his pockets stood staring at her, motionless and silent. + +Here, take the child! said Pierre peremptorily and hurriedly to the +woman, handing the little girl to her. Give her back to them, give her +back! he almost shouted, putting the child, who began screaming, on the +ground, and again looking at the Frenchman and the Armenian family. + +The old man was already sitting barefoot. The little Frenchman had +secured his second boot and was slapping one boot against the other. +The old man was saying something in a voice broken by sobs, but Pierre +caught but a glimpse of this, his whole attention was directed to the +Frenchman in the frieze gown who meanwhile, swaying slowly from side to +side, had drawn nearer to the young woman and taking his hands from his +pockets had seized her by the neck. + +The beautiful Armenian still sat motionless and in the same attitude, +with her long lashes drooping as if she did not see or feel what the +soldier was doing to her. + +While Pierre was running the few steps that separated him from the +Frenchman, the tall marauder in the frieze gown was already tearing +from her neck the necklace the young Armenian was wearing, and the young +woman, clutching at her neck, screamed piercingly. + +Let that woman alone! exclaimed Pierre hoarsely in a furious voice, +seizing the soldier by his round shoulders and throwing him aside. + +The soldier fell, got up, and ran away. But his comrade, throwing down +the boots and drawing his sword, moved threateningly toward Pierre. + +Voyons, pas de btises! * he cried. + + * Look here, no nonsense! + + +Pierre was in such a transport of rage that he remembered nothing and +his strength increased tenfold. He rushed at the barefooted Frenchman +and, before the latter had time to draw his sword, knocked him off his +feet and hammered him with his fists. Shouts of approval were heard +from the crowd around, and at the same moment a mounted patrol of French +Uhlans appeared from round the corner. The Uhlans came up at a trot to +Pierre and the Frenchman and surrounded them. Pierre remembered nothing +of what happened after that. He only remembered beating someone and +being beaten and finally feeling that his hands were bound and that a +crowd of French soldiers stood around him and were searching him. + +Lieutenant, he has a dagger, were the first words Pierre understood. + +Ah, a weapon? said the officer and turned to the barefooted soldier +who had been arrested with Pierre. All right, you can tell all about it +at the court-martial. Then he turned to Pierre. Do you speak French? + +Pierre looked around him with bloodshot eyes and did not reply. His +face probably looked very terrible, for the officer said something in +a whisper and four more Uhlans left the ranks and placed themselves on +both sides of Pierre. + +Do you speak French? the officer asked again, keeping at a distance +from Pierre. Call the interpreter. + +A little man in Russian civilian clothes rode out from the ranks, and +by his clothes and manner of speaking Pierre at once knew him to be a +French salesman from one of the Moscow shops. + +He does not look like a common man, said the interpreter, after a +searching look at Pierre. + +Ah, he looks very much like an incendiary, remarked the officer. And +ask him who he is, he added. + +Who are you? asked the interpreter in poor Russian. You must answer +the chief. + +I will not tell you who I am. I am your prisonertake me! Pierre +suddenly replied in French. + +Ah, ah! muttered the officer with a frown. Well then, march! + +A crowd had collected round the Uhlans. Nearest to Pierre stood the +pockmarked peasant woman with the little girl, and when the patrol +started she moved forward. + +Where are they taking you to, you poor dear? said she. And the little +girl, the little girl, what am I to do with her if shes not theirs? +said the woman. + +What does that woman want? asked the officer. + +Pierre was as if intoxicated. His elation increased at the sight of the +little girl he had saved. + +What does she want? he murmured. She is bringing me my daughter whom +I have just saved from the flames, said he. Good-by! And without +knowing how this aimless lie had escaped him, he went along with +resolute and triumphant steps between the French soldiers. + +The French patrol was one of those sent out through the various +streets of Moscow by Durosnels order to put a stop to the pillage, +and especially to catch the incendiaries who, according to the general +opinion which had that day originated among the higher French officers, +were the cause of the conflagrations. After marching through a number +of streets the patrol arrested five more Russian suspects a small +shopkeeper, two seminary students, a peasant, and a house serf, besides +several looters. But of all these various suspected characters, Pierre +was considered to be the most suspicious of all. When they had all been +brought for the night to a large house on the Zbov Rampart that was +being used as a guardhouse, Pierre was placed apart under strict guard. + + + + + +BOOK TWELVE 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +In Petersburg at that time a complicated struggle was being carried on +with greater heat than ever in the highest circles, between the parties +of Rumyntsev, the French, Mrya Fdorovna, the Tsarvich, and others, +drowned as usual by the buzzing of the court drones. But the calm, +luxurious life of Petersburg, concerned only about phantoms and +reflections of real life, went on in its old way and made it hard, +except by a great effort, to realize the danger and the difficult +position of the Russian people. There were the same receptions and +balls, the same French theater, the same court interests and service +interests and intrigues as usual. Only in the very highest circles were +attempts made to keep in mind the difficulties of the actual position. +Stories were whispered of how differently the two Empresses behaved +in these difficult circumstances. The Empress Mrya, concerned for +the welfare of the charitable and educational institutions under her +patronage, had given directions that they should all be removed to +Kazn, and the things belonging to these institutions had already been +packed up. The Empress Elisabeth, however, when asked what instructions +she would be pleased to givewith her characteristic Russian patriotism +had replied that she could give no directions about state institutions +for that was the affair of the sovereign, but as far as she personally +was concerned she would be the last to quit Petersburg. + +At Anna Pvlovnas on the twenty-sixth of August, the very day of the +battle of Borodin, there was a soiree, the chief feature of which was +to be the reading of a letter from His Lordship the Bishop when sending +the Emperor an icon of the Venerable Sergius. It was regarded as a model +of ecclesiastical, patriotic eloquence. Prince Vasli himself, famed for +his elocution, was to read it. (He used to read at the Empress.) The +art of his reading was supposed to lie in rolling out the words, quite +independently of their meaning, in a loud and singsong voice alternating +between a despairing wail and a tender murmur, so that the wail fell +quite at random on one word and the murmur on another. This reading, +as was always the case at Anna Pvlovnas soirees, had a political +significance. That evening she expected several important personages who +had to be made ashamed of their visits to the French theater and aroused +to a patriotic temper. A good many people had already arrived, but Anna +Pvlovna, not yet seeing all those whom she wanted in her drawing room, +did not let the reading begin but wound up the springs of a general +conversation. + +The news of the day in Petersburg was the illness of Countess Bezkhova. +She had fallen ill unexpectedly a few days previously, had missed +several gatherings of which she was usually the ornament, and was said +to be receiving no one, and instead of the celebrated Petersburg doctors +who usually attended her had entrusted herself to some Italian doctor +who was treating her in some new and unusual way. + +They all knew very well that the enchanting countess illness arose from +an inconvenience resulting from marrying two husbands at the same time, +and that the Italians cure consisted in removing such inconvenience +but in Anna Pvlovnas presence no one dared to think of this or even +appear to know it. + +They say the poor countess is very ill. The doctor says it is angina +pectoris. + +Angina? Oh, thats a terrible illness! + +They say that the rivals are reconciled, thanks to the angina... and +the word angina was repeated with great satisfaction. + +The count is pathetic, they say. He cried like a child when the doctor +told him the case was dangerous. + +Oh, it would be a terrible loss, she is an enchanting woman. + +You are speaking of the poor countess? said Anna Pvlovna, coming +up just then. I sent to ask for news, and hear that she is a little +better. Oh, she is certainly the most charming woman in the world, she +went on, with a smile at her own enthusiasm. We belong to different +camps, but that does not prevent my esteeming her as she deserves. She +is very unfortunate! added Anna Pvlovna. + +Supposing that by these words Anna Pvlovna was somewhat lifting the +veil from the secret of the countess malady, an unwary young man +ventured to express surprise that well-known doctors had not been called +in and that the countess was being attended by a charlatan who might +employ dangerous remedies. + +Your information may be better than mine, Anna Pvlovna suddenly and +venomously retorted on the inexperienced young man, but I know on good +authority that this doctor is a very learned and able man. He is private +physician to the Queen of Spain. + +And having thus demolished the young man, Anna Pvlovna turned to +another group where Bilbin was talking about the Austrians having +wrinkled up his face he was evidently preparing to smooth it out again +and utter one of his mots. + +I think it is delightful, he said, referring to a diplomatic note that +had been sent to Vienna with some Austrian banners captured from the +French by Wittgenstein, the hero of Petropol as he was then called in +Petersburg. + +What? Whats that? asked Anna Pvlovna, securing silence for the mot, +which she had heard before. + +And Bilbin repeated the actual words of the diplomatic dispatch, which +he had himself composed. + +The Emperor returns these Austrian banners, said Bilbin, friendly +banners gone astray and found on a wrong path, and his brow became +smooth again. + +Charming, charming! observed Prince Vasli. + +The path to Warsaw, perhaps, Prince Hippolyte remarked loudly and +unexpectedly. Everybody looked at him, understanding what he meant. +Prince Hippolyte himself glanced around with amused surprise. He knew no +more than the others what his words meant. During his diplomatic career +he had more than once noticed that such utterances were received as very +witty, and at every opportunity he uttered in that way the first words +that entered his head. It may turn out very well, he thought, but +if not, theyll know how to arrange matters. And really, during the +awkward silence that ensued, that insufficiently patriotic person +entered whom Anna Pvlovna had been waiting for and wished to convert, +and she, smiling and shaking a finger at Hippolyte, invited Prince +Vasli to the table and bringing him two candles and the manuscript +begged him to begin. Everyone became silent. + +Most Gracious Sovereign and Emperor! Prince Vasli sternly declaimed, +looking round at his audience as if to inquire whether anyone had +anything to say to the contrary. But no one said anything. Moscow, our +ancient capital, the New Jerusalem, receives her Christhe placed a +sudden emphasis on the word heras a mother receives her zealous sons +into her arms, and through the gathering mists, foreseeing the brilliant +glory of thy rule, sings in exultation, Hosanna, blessed is he that +cometh! + +Prince Vasli pronounced these last words in a tearful voice. + +Bilbin attentively examined his nails, and many of those present +appeared intimidated, as if asking in what they were to blame. Anna +Pvlovna whispered the next words in advance, like an old woman +muttering the prayer at Communion Let the bold and insolent +Goliath... she whispered. + +Prince Vasli continued. + +Let the bold and insolent Goliath from the borders of France encompass +the realms of Russia with death-bearing terrors humble Faith, the sling +of the Russian David, shall suddenly smite his head in his bloodthirsty +pride. This icon of the Venerable Sergius, the servant of God and +zealous champion of old of our countrys weal, is offered to Your +Imperial Majesty. I grieve that my waning strength prevents rejoicing +in the sight of your most gracious presence. I raise fervent prayers to +Heaven that the Almighty may exalt the race of the just, and mercifully +fulfill the desires of Your Majesty. + +What force! What a style! was uttered in approval both of reader and +of author. + +Animated by that address Anna Pvlovnas guests talked for a long time +of the state of the fatherland and offered various conjectures as to the +result of the battle to be fought in a few days. + +You will see, said Anna Pvlovna, that tomorrow, on the Emperors +birthday, we shall receive news. I have a favorable presentiment! + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +Anna Pvlovnas presentiment was in fact fulfilled. Next day during the +service at the palace church in honor of the Emperors birthday, Prince +Volknski was called out of the church and received a dispatch from +Prince Kutzov. It was Kutzovs report, written from Tatrinova on the +day of the battle. Kutzov wrote that the Russians had not retreated a +step, that the French losses were much heavier than ours, and that he +was writing in haste from the field of battle before collecting full +information. It followed that there must have been a victory. And at +once, without leaving the church, thanks were rendered to the Creator +for His help and for the victory. + +Anna Pvlovnas presentiment was justified, and all that morning a +joyously festive mood reigned in the city. Everyone believed the victory +to have been complete, and some even spoke of Napoleons having been +captured, of his deposition, and of the choice of a new ruler for +France. + +It is very difficult for events to be reflected in their real strength +and completeness amid the conditions of court life and far from the +scene of action. General events involuntarily group themselves around +some particular incident. So now the courtiers pleasure was based as +much on the fact that the news had arrived on the Emperors birthday as +on the fact of the victory itself. It was like a successfully arranged +surprise. Mention was made in Kutzovs report of the Russian losses, +among which figured the names of Tchkov, Bagratin, and Kutysov. In +the Petersburg world this sad side of the affair again involuntarily +centered round a single incident Kutysovs death. Everybody knew +him, the Emperor liked him, and he was young and interesting. That day +everyone met with the words + +What a wonderful coincidence! Just during the service. But what a loss +Kutysov is! How sorry I am! + +What did I tell about Kutzov? Prince Vasli now said with a +prophets pride. I always said he was the only man capable of defeating +Napoleon. + +But next day no news arrived from the army and the public mood grew +anxious. The courtiers suffered because of the suffering the suspense +occasioned the Emperor. + +Fancy the Emperors position! said they, and instead of extolling +Kutzov as they had done the day before, they condemned him as the cause +of the Emperors anxiety. That day Prince Vasli no longer boasted of +his protg Kutzov, but remained silent when the commander in chief was +mentioned. Moreover, toward evening, as if everything conspired to make +Petersburg society anxious and uneasy, a terrible piece of news was +added. Countess Hlne Bezkhova had suddenly died of that terrible +malady it had been so agreeable to mention. Officially, at large +gatherings, everyone said that Countess Bezkhova had died of a +terrible attack of angina pectoris, but in intimate circles details +were mentioned of how the private physician of the Queen of Spain had +prescribed small doses of a certain drug to produce a certain effect +but Hlne, tortured by the fact that the old count suspected her and +that her husband to whom she had written (that wretched, profligate +Pierre) had not replied, had suddenly taken a very large dose of the +drug, and had died in agony before assistance could be rendered her. +It was said that Prince Vasli and the old count had turned upon the +Italian, but the latter had produced such letters from the unfortunate +deceased that they had immediately let the matter drop. + +Talk in general centered round three melancholy facts the Emperors +lack of news, the loss of Kutysov, and the death of Hlne. + +On the third day after Kutzovs report a country gentleman arrived from +Moscow, and news of the surrender of Moscow to the French spread through +the whole town. This was terrible! What a position for the Emperor to +be in! Kutzov was a traitor, and Prince Vasli during the visits of +condolence paid to him on the occasion of his daughters death said of +Kutzov, whom he had formerly praised (it was excusable for him in his +grief to forget what he had said), that it was impossible to expect +anything else from a blind and depraved old man. + +I only wonder that the fate of Russia could have been entrusted to such +a man. + +As long as this news remained unofficial it was possible to doubt it, +but the next day the following communication was received from Count +Rostopchn + +Prince Kutzovs adjutant has brought me a letter in which he demands +police officers to guide the army to the Ryazn road. He writes that +he is regretfully abandoning Moscow. Sire! Kutzovs action decides the +fate of the capital and of your empire! Russia will shudder to learn of +the abandonment of the city in which her greatness is centered and in +which lie the ashes of your ancestors! I shall follow the army. I have +had everything removed, and it only remains for me to weep over the fate +of my fatherland. + +On receiving this dispatch the Emperor sent Prince Volknski to Kutzov +with the following rescript + +Prince Michael Ilarinovich! Since the twenty-ninth of August I have +received no communication from you, yet on the first of September I +received from the commander in chief of Moscow, via Yaroslvl, the sad +news that you, with the army, have decided to abandon Moscow. You can +yourself imagine the effect this news has had on me, and your silence +increases my astonishment. I am sending this by Adjutant-General Prince +Volknski, to hear from you the situation of the army and the reasons +that have induced you to take this melancholy decision. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Nine days after the abandonment of Moscow, a messenger from Kutzov +reached Petersburg with the official announcement of that event. This +messenger was Michaud, a Frenchman who did not know Russian, but who was +quoique tranger, russe de cur et dme, * as he said of himself. + + * Though a foreigner, Russian in heart and soul. + +The Emperor at once received this messenger in his study at the palace +on Stone Island. Michaud, who had never seen Moscow before the campaign +and who did not know Russian, yet felt deeply moved (as he wrote) when +he appeared before notre trs gracieux souverain * with the news of the +burning of Moscow, dont les flammes clairaient sa route. *(2) + + * Our most gracious sovereign. + + * (2) Whose flames illumined his route. + +Though the source of M. Michauds chagrin must have been different from +that which caused Russians to grieve, he had such a sad face when shown +into the Emperors study that the latter at once asked + +Have you brought me sad news, Colonel? + +Very sad, sire, replied Michaud, lowering his eyes with a sigh. The +abandonment of Moscow. + +Have they surrendered my ancient capital without a battle? asked the +Emperor quickly, his face suddenly flushing. + +Michaud respectfully delivered the message Kutzov had entrusted to him, +which was that it had been impossible to fight before Moscow, and that +as the only remaining choice was between losing the army as well as +Moscow, or losing Moscow alone, the field marshal had to choose the +latter. + +The Emperor listened in silence, not looking at Michaud. + +Has the enemy entered the city? he asked. + +Yes, sire, and Moscow is now in ashes. I left it all in flames, +replied Michaud in a decided tone, but glancing at the Emperor he was +frightened by what he had done. + +The Emperor began to breathe heavily and rapidly, his lower lip +trembled, and tears instantly appeared in his fine blue eyes. + +But this lasted only a moment. He suddenly frowned, as if blaming +himself for his weakness, and raising his head addressed Michaud in a +firm voice + +I see, Colonel, from all that is happening, that Providence requires +great sacrifices of us... I am ready to submit myself in all things to +His will but tell me, Michaud, how did you leave the army when it +saw my ancient capital abandoned without a battle? Did you not notice +discouragement?... + +Seeing that his most gracious ruler was calm once more, Michaud also +grew calm, but was not immediately ready to reply to the Emperors +direct and relevant question which required a direct answer. + +Sire, will you allow me to speak frankly as befits a loyal soldier? he +asked to gain time. + +Colonel, I always require it, replied the Emperor. Conceal nothing +from me, I wish to know absolutely how things are. + +Sire! said Michaud with a subtle, scarcely perceptible smile on his +lips, having now prepared a well-phrased reply, sire, I left the +whole army, from its chiefs to the lowest soldier, without exception in +desperate and agonized terror... + +How is that? the Emperor interrupted him, frowning sternly. Would +misfortune make my Russians lose heart?... Never! + +Michaud had only waited for this to bring out the phrase he had +prepared. + +Sire, he said, with respectful playfulness, they are only afraid lest +Your Majesty, in the goodness of your heart, should allow yourself to be +persuaded to make peace. They are burning for the combat, declared this +representative of the Russian nation, and to prove to Your Majesty by +the sacrifice of their lives how devoted they are.... + +Ah! said the Emperor reassured, and with a kindly gleam in his eyes, +he patted Michaud on the shoulder. You set me at ease, Colonel. + +He bent his head and was silent for some time. + +Well, then, go back to the army, he said, drawing himself up to his +full height and addressing Michaud with a gracious and majestic gesture, +and tell our brave men and all my good subjects wherever you go that +when I have not a soldier left I shall put myself at the head of my +beloved nobility and my good peasants and so use the last resources of +my empire. It still offers me more than my enemies suppose, said the +Emperor growing more and more animated but should it ever be ordained +by Divine Providence, he continued, raising to heaven his fine eyes +shining with emotion, that my dynasty should cease to reign on the +throne of my ancestors, then after exhausting all the means at my +command, I shall let my beard grow to here (he pointed halfway down his +chest) and go and eat potatoes with the meanest of my peasants, rather +than sign the disgrace of my country and of my beloved people whose +sacrifices I know how to appreciate. + +Having uttered these words in an agitated voice the Emperor suddenly +turned away as if to hide from Michaud the tears that rose to his eyes, +and went to the further end of his study. Having stood there a few +moments, he strode back to Michaud and pressed his arm below the elbow +with a vigorous movement. The Emperors mild and handsome face was +flushed and his eyes gleamed with resolution and anger. + +Colonel Michaud, do not forget what I say to you here, perhaps we may +recall it with pleasure someday... Napoleon or I, said the Emperor, +touching his breast. We can no longer both reign together. I have +learned to know him, and he will not deceive me any more.... + +And the Emperor paused, with a frown. + +When he heard these words and saw the expression of firm resolution in +the Emperors eyes, Michaudquoique tranger, russe de cur et dme,at +that solemn moment felt himself enraptured by all that he had heard (as +he used afterwards to say), and gave expression to his own feelings and +those of the Russian people whose representative he considered himself +to be, in the following words + +Sire! said he, Your Majesty is at this moment signing the glory of +the nation and the salvation of Europe! + +With an inclination of the head the Emperor dismissed him. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +It is natural for us who were not living in those days to imagine that +when half Russia had been conquered and the inhabitants were fleeing to +distant provinces, and one levy after another was being raised for the +defense of the fatherland, all Russians from the greatest to the least +were solely engaged in sacrificing themselves, saving their fatherland, +or weeping over its downfall. The tales and descriptions of that time +without exception speak only of the self-sacrifice, patriotic devotion, +despair, grief, and the heroism of the Russians. But it was not really +so. It appears so to us because we see only the general historic +interest of that time and do not see all the personal human interests +that people had. Yet in reality those personal interests of the moment +so much transcend the general interests that they always prevent the +public interest from being felt or even noticed. Most of the people at +that time paid no attention to the general progress of events but were +guided only by their private interests, and they were the very people +whose activities at that period were most useful. + +Those who tried to understand the general course of events and to take +part in it by self-sacrifice and heroism were the most useless members +of society, they saw everything upside down, and all they did for the +common good turned out to be useless and foolishlike Pierres and +Mamnovs regiments which looted Russian villages, and the lint the +young ladies prepared and that never reached the wounded, and so on. +Even those, fond of intellectual talk and of expressing their feelings, +who discussed Russias position at the time involuntarily introduced +into their conversation either a shade of pretense and falsehood or +useless condemnation and anger directed against people accused of +actions no one could possibly be guilty of. In historic events the rule +forbidding us to eat of the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge is specially +applicable. Only unconscious action bears fruit, and he who plays a part +in an historic event never understands its significance. If he tries to +realize it his efforts are fruitless. + +The more closely a man was engaged in the events then taking place in +Russia the less did he realize their significance. In Petersburg and +in the provinces at a distance from Moscow, ladies, and gentlemen in +militia uniforms, wept for Russia and its ancient capital and talked of +self-sacrifice and so on but in the army which retired beyond Moscow +there was little talk or thought of Moscow, and when they caught sight +of its burned ruins no one swore to be avenged on the French, but they +thought about their next pay, their next quarters, of Matrshka the +vivandire, and like matters. + +As the war had caught him in the service, Nicholas Rostv took a close +and prolonged part in the defense of his country, but did so casually, +without any aim at self-sacrifice, and he therefore looked at what was +going on in Russia without despair and without dismally racking his +brains over it. Had he been asked what he thought of the state of +Russia, he would have said that it was not his business to think about +it, that Kutzov and others were there for that purpose, but that he had +heard that the regiments were to be made up to their full strength, that +fighting would probably go on for a long time yet, and that things being +so it was quite likely he might be in command of a regiment in a couple +of years time. + +As he looked at the matter in this way, he learned that he was being +sent to Vornezh to buy remounts for his division, not only without +regret at being prevented from taking part in the coming battle, but +with the greatest pleasurewhich he did not conceal and which his +comrades fully understood. + +A few days before the battle of Borodin, Nicholas received the +necessary money and warrants, and having sent some hussars on in +advance, he set out with post horses for Vornezh. + +Only a man who has experienced itthat is, has passed some months +continuously in an atmosphere of campaigning and warcan understand the +delight Nicholas felt when he escaped from the region covered by the +armys foraging operations, provision trains, and hospitals. Whenfree +from soldiers, wagons, and the filthy traces of a camphe saw villages +with peasants and peasant women, gentlemens country houses, fields +where cattle were grazing, posthouses with stationmasters asleep in +them, he rejoiced as though seeing all this for the first time. What for +a long while specially surprised and delighted him were the women, young +and healthy, without a dozen officers making up to each of them women, +too, who were pleased and flattered that a passing officer should joke +with them. + +In the highest spirits Nicholas arrived at night at a hotel in Vornezh, +ordered things he had long been deprived of in camp, and next day, very +clean-shaven and in a full-dress uniform he had not worn for a long +time, went to present himself to the authorities. + +The commander of the militia was a civilian general, an old man who was +evidently pleased with his military designation and rank. He received +Nicholas brusquely (imagining this to be characteristically military) +and questioned him with an important air, as if considering the general +progress of affairs and approving and disapproving with full right to do +so. Nicholas was in such good spirits that this merely amused him. + +From the commander of the militia he drove to the governor. The governor +was a brisk little man, very simple and affable. He indicated the stud +farms at which Nicholas might procure horses, recommended to him a horse +dealer in the town and a landowner fourteen miles out of town who had +the best horses, and promised to assist him in every way. + +You are Count Ily Rostvs son? My wife was a great friend of your +mothers. We are at home on Thursdaystoday is Thursday, so please come +and see us quite informally, said the governor, taking leave of him. + +Immediately on leaving the governors, Nicholas hired post horses and, +taking his squadron quartermaster with him, drove at a gallop to the +landowner, fourteen miles away, who had the stud. Everything seemed to +him pleasant and easy during that first part of his stay in Vornezh +and, as usually happens when a man is in a pleasant state of mind, +everything went well and easily. + +The landowner to whom Nicholas went was a bachelor, an old cavalryman, a +horse fancier, a sportsman, the possessor of some century-old brandy +and some old Hungarian wine, who had a snuggery where he smoked, and who +owned some splendid horses. + +In very few words Nicholas bought seventeen picked stallions for six +thousand rublesto serve, as he said, as samples of his remounts. After +dining and taking rather too much of the Hungarian wine, Nicholashaving +exchanged kisses with the landowner, with whom he was already on the +friendliest termsgalloped back over abominable roads, in the brightest +frame of mind, continually urging on the driver so as to be in time for +the governors party. + +When he had changed, poured water over his head, and scented himself, +Nicholas arrived at the governors rather late, but with the phrase +better late than never on his lips. + +It was not a ball, nor had dancing been announced, but everyone knew +that Catherine Petrvna would play valses and the cossaise on the +clavichord and that there would be dancing, and so everyone had come as +to a ball. + +Provincial life in 1812 went on very much as usual, but with this +difference, that it was livelier in the towns in consequence of the +arrival of many wealthy families from Moscow, and as in everything that +went on in Russia at that time a special recklessness was noticeable, an +in for a penny, in for a poundwho cares? spirit, and the inevitable +small talk, instead of turning on the weather and mutual acquaintances, +now turned on Moscow, the army, and Napoleon. + +The society gathered together at the governors was the best in +Vornezh. + +There were a great many ladies and some of Nicholas Moscow +acquaintances, but there were no men who could at all vie with the +cavalier of St. George, the hussar remount officer, the good-natured +and well-bred Count Rostv. Among the men was an Italian prisoner, an +officer of the French army and Nicholas felt that the presence of that +prisoner enhanced his own importance as a Russian hero. The Italian +was, as it were, a war trophy. Nicholas felt this, it seemed to him +that everyone regarded the Italian in the same light, and he treated him +cordially though with dignity and restraint. + +As soon as Nicholas entered in his hussar uniform, diffusing around him +a fragrance of perfume and wine, and had uttered the words better late +than never and heard them repeated several times by others, people +clustered around him all eyes turned on him, and he felt at once +that he had entered into his proper position in the provincethat of +a universal favorite a very pleasant position, and intoxicatingly so +after his long privations. At posting stations, at inns, and in the +landowners snuggery, maidservants had been flattered by his notice, and +here too at the governors party there were (as it seemed to Nicholas) +an inexhaustible number of pretty young women, married and unmarried, +impatiently awaiting his notice. The women and girls flirted with him +and, from the first day, the people concerned themselves to get this +fine young daredevil of an hussar married and settled down. Among these +was the governors wife herself, who welcomed Rostv as a near relative +and called him Nicholas. + +Catherine Petrvna did actually play valses and the cossaise, and +dancing began in which Nicholas still further captivated the provincial +society by his agility. His particularly free manner of dancing even +surprised them all. Nicholas was himself rather surprised at the way he +danced that evening. He had never danced like that in Moscow and would +even have considered such a very free and easy manner improper and in +bad form, but here he felt it incumbent on him to astonish them all by +something unusual, something they would have to accept as the regular +thing in the capital though new to them in the provinces. + +All the evening Nicholas paid attention to a blue-eyed, plump and +pleasing little blonde, the wife of one of the provincial officials. +With the nave conviction of young men in a merry mood that other mens +wives were created for them, Rostv did not leave the ladys side and +treated her husband in a friendly and conspiratorial style, as if, +without speaking of it, they knew how capitally Nicholas and the lady +would get on together. The husband, however, did not seem to share that +conviction and tried to behave morosely with Rostv. But the +latters good-natured navet was so boundless that sometimes even he +involuntarily yielded to Nicholas good humor. Toward the end of the +evening, however, as the wifes face grew more flushed and animated, the +husbands became more and more melancholy and solemn, as though there +were but a given amount of animation between them and as the wifes +share increased the husbands diminished. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Nicholas sat leaning slightly forward in an armchair, bending closely +over the blonde lady and paying her mythological compliments with a +smile that never left his face. Jauntily shifting the position of his +legs in their tight riding breeches, diffusing an odor of perfume, and +admiring his partner, himself, and the fine outlines of his legs in +their well-fitting Hessian boots, Nicholas told the blonde lady that he +wished to run away with a certain lady here in Vornezh. + +Which lady? + +A charming lady, a divine one. Her eyes (Nicholas looked at his +partner) are blue, her mouth coral and ivory her figure (he glanced +at her shoulders) like Dianas.... + +The husband came up and sullenly asked his wife what she was talking +about. + +Ah, Nikta Ivnych! cried Nicholas, rising politely, and as if wishing +Nikta Ivnych to share his joke, he began to tell him of his intention +to elope with a blonde lady. + +The husband smiled gloomily, the wife gaily. The governors good-natured +wife came up with a look of disapproval. + +Anna Igntyevna wants to see you, Nicholas, said she, pronouncing the +name so that Nicholas at once understood that Anna Igntyevna was a very +important person. Come, Nicholas! You know you let me call you so? + +Oh, yes, Aunt. Who is she? + +Anna Igntyevna Malvntseva. She has heard from her niece how you +rescued her.... Can you guess? + +I rescued such a lot of them! said Nicholas. + +Her niece, Princess Bolknskaya. She is here in Vornezh with her aunt. +Oho! How you blush. Why, are...? + +Not a bit! Please dont, Aunt! + +Very well, very well!... Oh, what a fellow you are! + +The governors wife led him up to a tall and very stout old lady with +a blue headdress, who had just finished her game of cards with the most +important personages of the town. This was Malvntseva, Princess Marys +aunt on her mothers side, a rich, childless widow who always lived in +Vornezh. When Rostv approached her she was standing settling up for +the game. She looked at him and, screwing up her eyes sternly, continued +to upbraid the general who had won from her. + +Very pleased, mon cher, she then said, holding out her hand to +Nicholas. Pray come and see me. + +After a few words about Princess Mary and her late father, whom +Malvntseva had evidently not liked, and having asked what Nicholas +knew of Prince Andrew, who also was evidently no favorite of hers, the +important old lady dismissed Nicholas after repeating her invitation to +come to see her. + +Nicholas promised to come and blushed again as he bowed. At the mention +of Princess Mary he experienced a feeling of shyness and even of fear, +which he himself did not understand. + +When he had parted from Malvntseva Nicholas wished to return to the +dancing, but the governors little wife placed her plump hand on his +sleeve and, saying that she wanted to have a talk with him, led him to +her sitting room, from which those who were there immediately withdrew +so as not to be in her way. + +Do you know, dear boy, began the governors wife with a serious +expression on her kind little face, that really would be the match for +you would you like me to arrange it? + +Whom do you mean, Aunt? asked Nicholas. + +I will make a match for you with the princess. Catherine Petrvna +speaks of Lily, but I say, nothe princess! Do you want me to do it? I +am sure your mother will be grateful to me. What a charming girl she is, +really! And she is not at all so plain, either. + +Not at all, replied Nicholas as if offended at the idea. As befits +a soldier, Aunt, I dont force myself on anyone or refuse anything, he +said before he had time to consider what he was saying. + +Well then, remember, this is not a joke! + +Of course not! + +Yes, yes, the governors wife said as if talking to herself. But, +my dear boy, among other things you are too attentive to the other, the +blonde. One is sorry for the husband, really.... + +Oh no, we are good friends with him, said Nicholas in the simplicity +of his heart it did not enter his head that a pastime so pleasant to +himself might not be pleasant to someone else. + +But what nonsense I have been saying to the governors wife! thought +Nicholas suddenly at supper. She will really begin to arrange a +match... and Snya...? And on taking leave of the governors wife, +when she again smilingly said to him, Well then, remember! he drew her +aside. + +But see here, to tell the truth, Aunt... + +What is it, my dear? Come, lets sit down here, said she. + +Nicholas suddenly felt a desire and need to tell his most intimate +thoughts (which he would not have told to his mother, his sister, or +his friend) to this woman who was almost a stranger. When he afterwards +recalled that impulse to unsolicited and inexplicable frankness which +had very important results for him, it seemed to himas it seems to +everyone in such casesthat it was merely some silly whim that seized +him yet that burst of frankness, together with other trifling events, +had immense consequences for him and for all his family. + +You see, Aunt, Mamma has long wanted me to marry an heiress, but the +very idea of marrying for money is repugnant to me. + +Oh yes, I understand, said the governors wife. + +But Princess Bolknskayathats another matter. I will tell you the +truth. In the first place I like her very much, I feel drawn to her and +then, after I met her under such circumstancesso strangely, the idea +often occurred to me This is fate. Especially if you remember that +Mamma had long been thinking of it but I had never happened to meet her +before, somehow it had always happened that we did not meet. And as long +as my sister Natsha was engaged to her brother it was of course out of +the question for me to think of marrying her. And it must needs happen +that I should meet her just when Natshas engagement had been broken +off... and then everything... So you see... I never told this to anyone +and never will, only to you. + +The governors wife pressed his elbow gratefully. + +You know Snya, my cousin? I love her, and promised to marry her, and +will do so.... So you see there can be no question about said Nicholas +incoherently and blushing. + +My dear boy, what a way to look at it! You know Snya has nothing and +you yourself say your Papas affairs are in a very bad way. And what +about your mother? It would kill her, thats one thing. And what sort of +life would it be for Snyaif shes a girl with a heart? Your mother +in despair, and you all ruined.... No, my dear, you and Snya ought to +understand that. + +Nicholas remained silent. It comforted him to hear these arguments. + +All the same, Aunt, it is impossible, he rejoined with a sigh, after +a short pause. Besides, would the princess have me? And besides, she is +now in mourning. How can one think of it! + +But you dont suppose Im going to get you married at once? There is +always a right way of doing things, replied the governors wife. + +What a matchmaker you are, Aunt... said Nicholas, kissing her plump +little hand. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +On reaching Moscow after her meeting with Rostv, Princess Mary had +found her nephew there with his tutor, and a letter from Prince Andrew +giving her instructions how to get to her Aunt Malvntseva at Vornezh. +That feeling akin to temptation which had tormented her during her +fathers illness, since his death, and especially since her meeting with +Rostv was smothered by arrangements for the journey, anxiety about her +brother, settling in a new house, meeting new people, and attending to +her nephews education. She was sad. Now, after a month passed in quiet +surroundings, she felt more and more deeply the loss of her father which +was associated in her mind with the ruin of Russia. She was agitated and +incessantly tortured by the thought of the dangers to which her brother, +the only intimate person now remaining to her, was exposed. She was +worried too about her nephews education for which she had always felt +herself incompetent, but in the depths of her soul she felt at peacea +peace arising from consciousness of having stifled those personal dreams +and hopes that had been on the point of awakening within her and were +related to her meeting with Rostv. + +The day after her party the governors wife came to see Malvntseva +and, after discussing her plan with the aunt, remarked that though +under present circumstances a formal betrothal was, of course, not to be +thought of, all the same the young people might be brought together and +could get to know one another. Malvntseva expressed approval, and the +governors wife began to speak of Rostv in Marys presence, praising +him and telling how he had blushed when Princess Marys name was +mentioned. But Princess Mary experienced a painful rather than a joyful +feelingher mental tranquillity was destroyed, and desires, doubts, +self-reproach, and hopes reawoke. + +During the two days that elapsed before Rostv called, Princess Mary +continually thought of how she ought to behave to him. First she decided +not to come to the drawing room when he called to see her auntthat it +would not be proper for her, in her deep mourning, to receive visitors +then she thought this would be rude after what he had done for her then +it occurred to her that her aunt and the governors wife had intentions +concerning herself and Rostvtheir looks and words at times seemed to +confirm this suppositionthen she told herself that only she, with her +sinful nature, could think this of them they could not forget that +situated as she was, while still wearing deep mourning, such matchmaking +would be an insult to her and to her fathers memory. Assuming that she +did go down to see him, Princess Mary imagined the words he would say +to her and what she would say to him, and these words sometimes seemed +undeservedly cold and then to mean too much. More than anything she +feared lest the confusion she felt might overwhelm her and betray her as +soon as she saw him. + +But when on Sunday after church the footman announced in the drawing +room that Count Rostv had called, the princess showed no confusion, +only a slight blush suffused her cheeks and her eyes lit up with a new +and radiant light. + +You have met him, Aunt? said she in a calm voice, unable herself to +understand that she could be outwardly so calm and natural. + +When Rostv entered the room, the princess dropped her eyes for an +instant, as if to give the visitor time to greet her aunt, and then +just as Nicholas turned to her she raised her head and met his look with +shining eyes. With a movement full of dignity and grace she half rose +with a smile of pleasure, held out her slender, delicate hand to him, +and began to speak in a voice in which for the first time new deep +womanly notes vibrated. Mademoiselle Bourienne, who was in the drawing +room, looked at Princess Mary in bewildered surprise. Herself a +consummate coquette, she could not have maneuvered better on meeting a +man she wished to attract. + +Either black is particularly becoming to her or she really has greatly +improved without my having noticed it. And above all, what tact and +grace! thought Mademoiselle Bourienne. + +Had Princess Mary been capable of reflection at that moment, she would +have been more surprised than Mademoiselle Bourienne at the change that +had taken place in herself. From the moment she recognized that dear, +loved face, a new life force took possession of her and compelled her to +speak and act apart from her own will. From the time Rostv entered, her +face became suddenly transformed. It was as if a light had been kindled +in a carved and painted lantern and the intricate, skillful, artistic +work on its sides, that previously seemed dark, coarse, and meaningless, +was suddenly shown up in unexpected and striking beauty. For the first +time all that pure, spiritual, inward travail through which she had +lived appeared on the surface. All her inward labor, her dissatisfaction +with herself, her sufferings, her strivings after goodness, her +meekness, love, and self-sacrificeall this now shone in those radiant +eyes, in her delicate smile, and in every trait of her gentle face. + +Rostv saw all this as clearly as if he had known her whole life. He +felt that the being before him was quite different from, and better +than, anyone he had met before, and above all better than himself. + +Their conversation was very simple and unimportant. They spoke of the +war, and like everyone else unconsciously exaggerated their sorrow +about it they spoke of their last meetingNicholas trying to change the +subjectthey talked of the governors kind wife, of Nicholas relations, +and of Princess Marys. + +She did not talk about her brother, diverting the conversation as soon +as her aunt mentioned Andrew. Evidently she could speak of Russias +misfortunes with a certain artificiality, but her brother was too near +her heart and she neither could nor would speak lightly of him. Nicholas +noticed this, as he noticed every shade of Princess Marys character +with an observation unusual to him, and everything confirmed his +conviction that she was a quite unusual and extraordinary being. +Nicholas blushed and was confused when people spoke to him about the +princess (as she did when he was mentioned) and even when he thought of +her, but in her presence he felt quite at ease, and said not at all what +he had prepared, but what, quite appropriately, occurred to him at the +moment. + +When a pause occurred during his short visit, Nicholas, as is usual when +there are children, turned to Prince Andrews little son, caressing him +and asking whether he would like to be an hussar. He took the boy on +his knee, played with him, and looked round at Princess Mary. With a +softened, happy, timid look she watched the boy she loved in the arms +of the man she loved. Nicholas also noticed that look and, as if +understanding it, flushed with pleasure and began to kiss the boy with +good natured playfulness. + +As she was in mourning Princess Mary did not go out into society, and +Nicholas did not think it the proper thing to visit her again but all +the same the governors wife went on with her matchmaking, passing on to +Nicholas the flattering things Princess Mary said of him and vice +versa, and insisting on his declaring himself to Princess Mary. For this +purpose she arranged a meeting between the young people at the bishops +house before Mass. + +Though Rostv told the governors wife that he would not make any +declaration to Princess Mary, he promised to go. + +As at Tilsit Rostv had not allowed himself to doubt that what everybody +considered right was right, so now, after a short but sincere struggle +between his effort to arrange his life by his own sense of justice, and +in obedient submission to circumstances, he chose the latter and yielded +to the power he felt irresistibly carrying him he knew not where. He +knew that after his promise to Snya it would be what he deemed base to +declare his feelings to Princess Mary. And he knew that he would never +act basely. But he also knew (or rather felt at the bottom of his heart) +that by resigning himself now to the force of circumstances and to those +who were guiding him, he was not only doing nothing wrong, but was doing +something very importantmore important than anything he had ever done +in his life. + +After meeting Princess Mary, though the course of his life went on +externally as before, all his former amusements lost their charm for him +and he often thought about her. But he never thought about her as he +had thought of all the young ladies without exception whom he had met +in society, nor as he had for a long time, and at one time rapturously, +thought about Snya. He had pictured each of those young ladies as +almost all honest-hearted young men do, that is, as a possible wife, +adapting her in his imagination to all the conditions of married life +a white dressing gown, his wife at the tea table, his wifes carriage, +little ones, Mamma and Papa, their relations to her, and so onand these +pictures of the future had given him pleasure. But with Princess Mary, +to whom they were trying to get him engaged, he could never picture +anything of future married life. If he tried, his pictures seemed +incongruous and false. It made him afraid. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +The dreadful news of the battle of Borodin, of our losses in killed and +wounded, and the still more terrible news of the loss of Moscow reached +Vornezh in the middle of September. Princess Mary, having learned of +her brothers wound only from the Gazette and having no definite news of +him, prepared (so Nicholas heard, he had not seen her again himself) to +set off in search of Prince Andrew. + +When he received the news of the battle of Borodin and the abandonment +of Moscow, Rostv was not seized with despair, anger, the desire for +vengeance, or any feeling of that kind, but everything in Vornezh +suddenly seemed to him dull and tiresome, and he experienced an +indefinite feeling of shame and awkwardness. The conversations he heard +seemed to him insincere he did not know how to judge all these affairs +and felt that only in the regiment would everything again become clear +to him. He made haste to finish buying the horses, and often became +unreasonably angry with his servant and squadron quartermaster. + +A few days before his departure a special thanksgiving, at which +Nicholas was present, was held in the cathedral for the Russian victory. +He stood a little behind the governor and held himself with military +decorum through the service, meditating on a great variety of subjects. +When the service was over the governors wife beckoned him to her. + +Have you seen the princess? she asked, indicating with a movement of +her head a lady standing on the opposite side, beyond the choir. + +Nicholas immediately recognized Princess Mary not so much by the profile +he saw under her bonnet as by the feeling of solicitude, timidity, and +pity that immediately overcame him. Princess Mary, evidently engrossed +by her thoughts, was crossing herself for the last time before leaving +the church. + +Nicholas looked at her face with surprise. It was the same face he had +seen before, there was the same general expression of refined, inner, +spiritual labor, but now it was quite differently lit up. There was a +pathetic expression of sorrow, prayer, and hope in it. As had occurred +before when she was present, Nicholas went up to her without waiting to +be prompted by the governors wife and not asking himself whether or not +it was right and proper to address her here in church, and told her he +had heard of her trouble and sympathized with his whole soul. As soon as +she heard his voice a vivid glow kindled in her face, lighting up both +her sorrow and her joy. + +There is one thing I wanted to tell you, Princess, said Rostv. It +is that if your brother, Prince Andrew Nikolevich, were not living, it +would have been at once announced in the Gazette, as he is a colonel. + +The princess looked at him, not grasping what he was saying, but cheered +by the expression of regretful sympathy on his face. + +And I have known so many cases of a splinter wound (the Gazette said +it was a shell) either proving fatal at once or being very slight, +continued Nicholas. We must hope for the best, and I am sure... + +Princess Mary interrupted him. + +Oh, that would be so dread... she began and, prevented by agitation +from finishing, she bent her head with a movement as graceful as +everything she did in his presence and, looking up at him gratefully, +went out, following her aunt. + +That evening Nicholas did not go out, but stayed at home to settle some +accounts with the horse dealers. When he had finished that business it +was already too late to go anywhere but still too early to go to bed, +and for a long time he paced up and down the room, reflecting on his +life, a thing he rarely did. + +Princess Mary had made an agreeable impression on him when he had met +her in Smolnsk province. His having encountered her in such exceptional +circumstances, and his mother having at one time mentioned her to him as +a good match, had drawn his particular attention to her. When he met her +again in Vornezh the impression she made on him was not merely pleasing +but powerful. Nicholas had been struck by the peculiar moral beauty he +observed in her at this time. He was, however, preparing to go away and +it had not entered his head to regret that he was thus depriving himself +of chances of meeting her. But that days encounter in church had, he +felt, sunk deeper than was desirable for his peace of mind. That pale, +sad, refined face, that radiant look, those gentle graceful gestures, +and especially the deep and tender sorrow expressed in all her features +agitated him and evoked his sympathy. In men Rostv could not bear to +see the expression of a higher spiritual life (that was why he did not +like Prince Andrew) and he referred to it contemptuously as philosophy +and dreaminess, but in Princess Mary that very sorrow which revealed +the depth of a whole spiritual world foreign to him was an irresistible +attraction. + +She must be a wonderful woman. A real angel! he said to himself. +Why am I not free? Why was I in such a hurry with Snya? And he +involuntarily compared the two the lack of spirituality in the one and +the abundance of it in the othera spirituality he himself lacked and +therefore valued most highly. He tried to picture what would happen were +he free. How he would propose to her and how she would become his wife. +But no, he could not imagine that. He felt awed, and no clear picture +presented itself to his mind. He had long ago pictured to himself a +future with Snya, and that was all clear and simple just because it +had all been thought out and he knew all there was in Snya, but it was +impossible to picture a future with Princess Mary, because he did not +understand her but simply loved her. + +Reveries about Snya had had something merry and playful in them, but to +dream of Princess Mary was always difficult and a little frightening. + +How she prayed! he thought. It was plain that her whole soul was in +her prayer. Yes, that was the prayer that moves mountains, and I am +sure her prayer will be answered. Why dont I pray for what I want? he +suddenly thought. What do I want? To be free, released from Snya... +She was right, he thought, remembering what the governors wife had +said Nothing but misfortune can come of marrying Snya. Muddles, +grief for Mamma... business difficulties... muddles, terrible muddles! +Besides, I dont love hernot as I should. O, God! release me from +this dreadful, inextricable position! he suddenly began to pray. Yes, +prayer can move mountains, but one must have faith and not pray as +Natsha and I used to as children, that the snow might turn into +sugarand then run out into the yard to see whether it had done so. No, +but I am not praying for trifles now, he thought as he put his pipe +down in a corner, and folding his hands placed himself before the icon. +Softened by memories of Princess Mary he began to pray as he had not +done for a long time. Tears were in his eyes and in his throat when the +door opened and Lavrshka came in with some papers. + +Blockhead! Why do you come in without being called? cried Nicholas, +quickly changing his attitude. + +From the governor, said Lavrshka in a sleepy voice. A courier has +arrived and theres a letter for you. + +Well, all right, thanks. You can go! + +Nicholas took the two letters, one of which was from his mother and +the other from Snya. He recognized them by the handwriting and opened +Snyas first. He had read only a few lines when he turned pale and his +eyes opened wide with fear and joy. + +No, its not possible! he cried aloud. + +Unable to sit still he paced up and down the room holding the letter and +reading it. He glanced through it, then read it again, and then again, +and standing still in the middle of the room he raised his shoulders, +stretching out his hands, with his mouth wide open and his eyes fixed. +What he had just been praying for with confidence that God would hear +him had come to pass but Nicholas was as much astonished as if it were +something extraordinary and unexpected, and as if the very fact that it +had happened so quickly proved that it had not come from God to whom he +had prayed, but by some ordinary coincidence. + +This unexpected and, as it seemed to Nicholas, quite voluntary letter +from Snya freed him from the knot that fettered him and from which +there had seemed no escape. She wrote that the last unfortunate +eventsthe loss of almost the whole of the Rostvs Moscow propertyand +the countess repeatedly expressed wish that Nicholas should marry +Princess Bolknskaya, together with his silence and coldness of late, +had all combined to make her decide to release him from his promise and +set him completely free. + +It would be too painful to me to think that I might be a cause of sorrow +or discord in the family that has been so good to me (she wrote), and my +love has no aim but the happiness of those I love so, Nicholas, I +beg you to consider yourself free, and to be assured that, in spite of +everything, no one can love you more than does + +Your Snya + +Both letters were written from Tritsa. The other, from the countess, +described their last days in Moscow, their departure, the fire, and +the destruction of all their property. In this letter the countess also +mentioned that Prince Andrew was among the wounded traveling with them +his state was very critical, but the doctor said there was now more +hope. Snya and Natsha were nursing him. + +Next day Nicholas took his mothers letter and went to see Princess +Mary. Neither he nor she said a word about what Natsha nursing him +might mean, but thanks to this letter Nicholas suddenly became almost as +intimate with the princess as if they were relations. + +The following day he saw Princess Mary off on her journey to Yaroslvl, +and a few days later left to rejoin his regiment. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Snyas letter written from Tritsa, which had come as an answer to +Nicholas prayer, was prompted by this the thought of getting Nicholas +married to an heiress occupied the old countess mind more and more. She +knew that Snya was the chief obstacle to this happening, and Snyas +life in the countess house had grown harder and harder, especially +after they had received a letter from Nicholas telling of his meeting +with Princess Mary in Boguchrovo. The countess let no occasion slip of +making humiliating or cruel allusions to Snya. + +But a few days before they left Moscow, moved and excited by all that +was going on, she called Snya to her and, instead of reproaching and +making demands on her, tearfully implored her to sacrifice herself +and repay all that the family had done for her by breaking off her +engagement with Nicholas. + +I shall not be at peace till you promise me this. + +Snya burst into hysterical tears and replied through her sobs that +she would do anything and was prepared for anything, but gave no actual +promise and could not bring herself to decide to do what was demanded +of her. She must sacrifice herself for the family that had reared and +brought her up. To sacrifice herself for others was Snyas habit. Her +position in the house was such that only by sacrifice could she show her +worth, and she was accustomed to this and loved doing it. But in all her +former acts of self-sacrifice she had been happily conscious that they +raised her in her own esteem and in that of others, and so made her more +worthy of Nicholas whom she loved more than anything in the world. But +now they wanted her to sacrifice the very thing that constituted the +whole reward for her self-sacrifice and the whole meaning of her life. +And for the first time she felt bitterness against those who had been +her benefactors only to torture her the more painfully she felt jealous +of Natsha who had never experienced anything of this sort, had never +needed to sacrifice herself, but made others sacrifice themselves for +her and yet was beloved by everybody. And for the first time Snya felt +that out of her pure, quiet love for Nicholas a passionate feeling +was beginning to grow up which was stronger than principle, virtue, +or religion. Under the influence of this feeling Snya, whose life of +dependence had taught her involuntarily to be secretive, having answered +the countess in vague general terms, avoided talking with her and +resolved to wait till she should see Nicholas, not in order to set him +free but on the contrary at that meeting to bind him to her forever. + +The bustle and terror of the Rostvs last days in Moscow stifled the +gloomy thoughts that oppressed Snya. She was glad to find escape +from them in practical activity. But when she heard of Prince Andrews +presence in their house, despite her sincere pity for him and for +Natsha, she was seized by a joyful and superstitious feeling that God +did not intend her to be separated from Nicholas. She knew that Natsha +loved no one but Prince Andrew and had never ceased to love him. She +knew that being thrown together again under such terrible circumstances +they would again fall in love with one another, and that Nicholas would +then not be able to marry Princess Mary as they would be within the +prohibited degrees of affinity. Despite all the terror of what had +happened during those last days and during the first days of their +journey, this feeling that Providence was intervening in her personal +affairs cheered Snya. + +At the Tritsa monastery the Rostvs first broke their journey for a +whole day. + +Three large rooms were assigned to them in the monastery hostelry, one +of which was occupied by Prince Andrew. The wounded man was much better +that day and Natsha was sitting with him. In the next room sat the +count and countess respectfully conversing with the prior, who was +calling on them as old acquaintances and benefactors of the monastery. +Snya was there too, tormented by curiosity as to what Prince Andrew and +Natsha were talking about. She heard the sound of their voices through +the door. That door opened and Natsha came out, looking excited. Not +noticing the monk, who had risen to greet her and was drawing back the +wide sleeve on his right arm, she went up to Snya and took her hand. + +Natsha, what are you about? Come here! said the countess. + +Natsha went up to the monk for his blessing, and he advised her to pray +for aid to God and His saint. + +As soon as the prior withdrew, Natsha took her friend by the hand and +went with her into the unoccupied room. + +Snya, will he live? she asked. Snya, how happy I am, and how +unhappy!... Snya, dovey, everything is as it used to be. If only he +lives! He cannot... because... because... of... and Natsha burst into +tears. + +Yes! I knew it! Thank God! murmured Snya. He will live. + +Snya was not less agitated than her friend by the latters fear and +grief and by her own personal feelings which she shared with no one. +Sobbing, she kissed and comforted Natsha. If only he lives! she +thought. Having wept, talked, and wiped away their tears, the two +friends went together to Prince Andrews door. Natsha opened it +cautiously and glanced into the room, Snya standing beside her at the +half-open door. + +Prince Andrew was lying raised high on three pillows. His pale face was +calm, his eyes closed, and they could see his regular breathing. + +O, Natsha! Snya suddenly almost screamed, catching her companions +arm and stepping back from the door. + +What? What is it? asked Natsha. + +Its that, that... said Snya, with a white face and trembling lips. + +Natsha softly closed the door and went with Snya to the window, not +yet understanding what the latter was telling her. + +You remember, said Snya with a solemn and frightened expression. +You remember when I looked in the mirror for you... at Otrdnoe at +Christmas? Do you remember what I saw? + +Yes, yes! cried Natsha opening her eyes wide, and vaguely recalling +that Snya had told her something about Prince Andrew whom she had seen +lying down. + +You remember? Snya went on. I saw it then and told everybody, you +and Dunysha. I saw him lying on a bed, said she, making a gesture with +her hand and a lifted finger at each detail, and that he had his eyes +closed and was covered just with a pink quilt, and that his hands were +folded, she concluded, convincing herself that the details she had just +seen were exactly what she had seen in the mirror. + +She had in fact seen nothing then but had mentioned the first thing that +came into her head, but what she had invented then seemed to her now +as real as any other recollection. She not only remembered what she had +then saidthat he turned to look at her and smiled and was covered with +something redbut was firmly convinced that she had then seen and said +that he was covered with a pink quilt and that his eyes were closed. + +Yes, yes, it really was pink! cried Natsha, who now thought she +too remembered the word pink being used, and saw in this the most +extraordinary and mysterious part of the prediction. + +But what does it mean? she added meditatively. + +Oh, I dont know, it is all so strange, replied Snya, clutching at +her head. + +A few minutes later Prince Andrew rang and Natsha went to him, but +Snya, feeling unusually excited and touched, remained at the window +thinking about the strangeness of what had occurred. + + +They had an opportunity that day to send letters to the army, and the +countess was writing to her son. + +Snya! said the countess, raising her eyes from her letter as her +niece passed, Snya, wont you write to Nicholas? She spoke in a soft, +tremulous voice, and in the weary eyes that looked over her spectacles +Snya read all that the countess meant to convey with these words. Those +eyes expressed entreaty, shame at having to ask, fear of a refusal, and +readiness for relentless hatred in case of such refusal. + +Snya went up to the countess and, kneeling down, kissed her hand. + +Yes, Mamma, I will write, said she. + +Snya was softened, excited, and touched by all that had occurred that +day, especially by the mysterious fulfillment she had just seen of her +vision. Now that she knew that the renewal of Natshas relations with +Prince Andrew would prevent Nicholas from marrying Princess Mary, she +was joyfully conscious of a return of that self-sacrificing spirit in +which she was accustomed to live and loved to live. So with a joyful +consciousness of performing a magnanimous deedinterrupted several times +by the tears that dimmed her velvety black eyesshe wrote that touching +letter the arrival of which had so amazed Nicholas. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +The officer and soldiers who had arrested Pierre treated him with +hostility but yet with respect, in the guardhouse to which he was taken. +In their attitude toward him could still be felt both uncertainty as +to who he might beperhaps a very important personand hostility as a +result of their recent personal conflict with him. + +But when the guard was relieved next morning, Pierre felt that for the +new guardboth officers and menhe was not as interesting as he had +been to his captors and in fact the guard of the second day did not +recognize in this big, stout man in a peasant coat the vigorous person +who had fought so desperately with the marauder and the convoy and had +uttered those solemn words about saving a child they saw in him only +No. 17 of the captured Russians, arrested and detained for some reason +by order of the Higher Command. If they noticed anything remarkable +about Pierre, it was only his unabashed, meditative concentration +and thoughtfulness, and the way he spoke French, which struck them as +surprisingly good. In spite of this he was placed that day with the +other arrested suspects, as the separate room he had occupied was +required by an officer. + +All the Russians confined with Pierre were men of the lowest class and, +recognizing him as a gentleman, they all avoided him, more especially as +he spoke French. Pierre felt sad at hearing them making fun of him. + +That evening he learned that all these prisoners (he, probably, among +them) were to be tried for incendiarism. On the third day he was taken +with the others to a house where a French general with a white mustache +sat with two colonels and other Frenchmen with scarves on their arms. +With the precision and definiteness customary in addressing prisoners, +and which is supposed to preclude human frailty, Pierre like the others +was questioned as to who he was, where he had been, with what object, +and so on. + +These questions, like questions put at trials generally, left the +essence of the matter aside, shut out the possibility of that essences +being revealed, and were designed only to form a channel through which +the judges wished the answers of the accused to flow so as to lead to +the desired result, namely a conviction. As soon as Pierre began to say +anything that did not fit in with that aim, the channel was removed and +the water could flow to waste. Pierre felt, moreover, what the accused +always feel at their trial, perplexity as to why these questions were +put to him. He had a feeling that it was only out of condescension or a +kind of civility that this device of placing a channel was employed. He +knew he was in these mens power, that only by force had they brought +him there, that force alone gave them the right to demand answers +to their questions, and that the sole object of that assembly was to +inculpate him. And so, as they had the power and wish to inculpate +him, this expedient of an inquiry and trial seemed unnecessary. It was +evident that any answer would lead to conviction. When asked what he +was doing when he was arrested, Pierre replied in a rather tragic manner +that he was restoring to its parents a child he had saved from the +flames. Why had he fought the marauder? Pierre answered that he was +protecting a woman, and that to protect a woman who was being insulted +was the duty of every man that... They interrupted him, for this +was not to the point. Why was he in the yard of a burning house where +witnesses had seen him? He replied that he had gone out to see what +was happening in Moscow. Again they interrupted him they had not asked +where he was going, but why he was found near the fire? Who was he? they +asked, repeating their first question, which he had declined to answer. +Again he replied that he could not answer it. + +Put that down, thats bad... very bad, sternly remarked the general +with the white mustache and red flushed face. + + +On the fourth day fires broke out on the Zbovski rampart. + +Pierre and thirteen others were moved to the coach house of a merchants +house near the Crimean bridge. On his way through the streets Pierre +felt stifled by the smoke which seemed to hang over the whole +city. Fires were visible on all sides. He did not then realize the +significance of the burning of Moscow, and looked at the fires with +horror. + +He passed four days in the coach house near the Crimean bridge and +during that time learned, from the talk of the French soldiers, that all +those confined there were awaiting a decision which might come any day +from the marshal. What marshal this was, Pierre could not learn from the +soldiers. Evidently for them the marshal represented a very high and +rather mysterious power. + +These first days, before the eighth of September when the prisoners were +had up for a second examination, were the hardest of all for Pierre. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +On the eighth of September an officera very important one judging by +the respect the guards showed himentered the coach house where the +prisoners were. This officer, probably someone on the staff, was holding +a paper in his hand, and called over all the Russians there, naming +Pierre as the man who does not give his name. Glancing indolently and +indifferently at all the prisoners, he ordered the officer in charge +to have them decently dressed and tidied up before taking them to the +marshal. An hour later a squad of soldiers arrived and Pierre with +thirteen others was led to the Virgins Field. It was a fine day, sunny +after rain, and the air was unusually pure. The smoke did not hang low +as on the day when Pierre had been taken from the guardhouse on the +Zbovski rampart, but rose through the pure air in columns. No flames +were seen, but columns of smoke rose on all sides, and all Moscow as far +as Pierre could see was one vast charred ruin. On all sides there were +waste spaces with only stoves and chimney stacks still standing, and +here and there the blackened walls of some brick houses. Pierre gazed +at the ruins and did not recognize districts he had known well. Here and +there he could see churches that had not been burned. The Krmlin, which +was not destroyed, gleamed white in the distance with its towers and +the belfry of Ivn the Great. The domes of the New Convent of the Virgin +glittered brightly and its bells were ringing particularly clearly. +These bells reminded Pierre that it was Sunday and the feast of the +Nativity of the Virgin. But there seemed to be no one to celebrate this +holiday everywhere were blackened ruins, and the few Russians to be +seen were tattered and frightened people who tried to hide when they saw +the French. + +It was plain that the Russian nest was ruined and destroyed, but in +place of the Russian order of life that had been destroyed, Pierre +unconsciously felt that a quite different, firm, French order had been +established over this ruined nest. He felt this in the looks of +the soldiers who, marching in regular ranks briskly and gaily, were +escorting him and the other criminals he felt it in the looks of an +important French official in a carriage and pair driven by a soldier, +whom they met on the way. He felt it in the merry sounds of regimental +music he heard from the left side of the field, and felt and realized +it especially from the list of prisoners the French officer had read out +when he came that morning. Pierre had been taken by one set of soldiers +and led first to one and then to another place with dozens of other men, +and it seemed that they might have forgotten him, or confused him with +the others. But no the answers he had given when questioned had come +back to him in his designation as the man who does not give his name, +and under that appellation, which to Pierre seemed terrible, they were +now leading him somewhere with unhesitating assurance on their faces +that he and all the other prisoners were exactly the ones they wanted +and that they were being taken to the proper place. Pierre felt himself +to be an insignificant chip fallen among the wheels of a machine whose +action he did not understand but which was working well. + +He and the other prisoners were taken to the right side of the Virgins +Field, to a large white house with an immense garden not far from the +convent. This was Prince Shcherbtovs house, where Pierre had often +been in other days, and which, as he learned from the talk of the +soldiers, was now occupied by the marshal, the Duke of Eckmhl (Davout). + +They were taken to the entrance and led into the house one by one. +Pierre was the sixth to enter. He was conducted through a glass gallery, +an anteroom, and a hall, which were familiar to him, into a long low +study at the door of which stood an adjutant. + +Davout, spectacles on nose, sat bent over a table at the further end of +the room. Pierre went close up to him, but Davout, evidently consulting +a paper that lay before him, did not look up. Without raising his eyes, +he said in a low voice + +Who are you? + +Pierre was silent because he was incapable of uttering a word. To him +Davout was not merely a French general, but a man notorious for his +cruelty. Looking at his cold face, as he sat like a stern schoolmaster +who was prepared to wait awhile for an answer, Pierre felt that every +instant of delay might cost him his life but he did not know what +to say. He did not venture to repeat what he had said at his first +examination, yet to disclose his rank and position was dangerous and +embarrassing. So he was silent. But before he had decided what to do, +Davout raised his head, pushed his spectacles back on his forehead, +screwed up his eyes, and looked intently at him. + +I know that man, he said in a cold, measured tone, evidently +calculated to frighten Pierre. + +The chill that had been running down Pierres back now seized his head +as in a vise. + +You cannot know me, General, I have never seen you... + +He is a Russian spy, Davout interrupted, addressing another general +who was present, but whom Pierre had not noticed. + +Davout turned away. With an unexpected reverberation in his voice Pierre +rapidly began + +No, monseigneur, he said, suddenly remembering that Davout was a duke. +No, monseigneur, you cannot have known me. I am a militia officer and +have not quitted Moscow. + +Your name? asked Davout. + +Bezkhov. + +What proof have I that you are not lying? + +Monseigneur! exclaimed Pierre, not in an offended but in a pleading +voice. + +Davout looked up and gazed intently at him. For some seconds they looked +at one another, and that look saved Pierre. Apart from conditions of war +and law, that look established human relations between the two men. At +that moment an immense number of things passed dimly through both their +minds, and they realized that they were both children of humanity and +were brothers. + +At the first glance, when Davout had only raised his head from the +papers where human affairs and lives were indicated by numbers, Pierre +was merely a circumstance, and Davout could have shot him without +burdening his conscience with an evil deed, but now he saw in him a +human being. He reflected for a moment. + +How can you show me that you are telling the truth? said Davout +coldly. + +Pierre remembered Ramballe, and named him and his regiment and the +street where the house was. + +You are not what you say, returned Davout. + +In a trembling, faltering voice Pierre began adducing proofs of the +truth of his statements. + +But at that moment an adjutant entered and reported something to Davout. + +Davout brightened up at the news the adjutant brought, and began +buttoning up his uniform. It seemed that he had quite forgotten Pierre. + +When the adjutant reminded him of the prisoner, he jerked his head in +Pierres direction with a frown and ordered him to be led away. But +where they were to take him Pierre did not know back to the coach house +or to the place of execution his companions had pointed out to him as +they crossed the Virgins Field. + +He turned his head and saw that the adjutant was putting another +question to Davout. + +Yes, of course! replied Davout, but what this yes meant, Pierre did +not know. + +Pierre could not afterwards remember how he went, whether it was far, or +in which direction. His faculties were quite numbed, he was stupefied, +and noticing nothing around him went on moving his legs as the others +did till they all stopped and he stopped too. The only thought in his +mind at that time was who was it that had really sentenced him to +death? Not the men on the commission that had first examined himnot one +of them wished to or, evidently, could have done it. It was not Davout, +who had looked at him in so human a way. In another moment Davout would +have realized that he was doing wrong, but just then the adjutant had +come in and interrupted him. The adjutant, also, had evidently had no +evil intent though he might have refrained from coming in. Then who was +executing him, killing him, depriving him of lifehim, Pierre, with all +his memories, aspirations, hopes, and thoughts? Who was doing this? And +Pierre felt that it was no one. + +It was a systema concurrence of circumstances. + +A system of some sort was killing himPierredepriving him of life, of +everything, annihilating him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +From Prince Shcherbtovs house the prisoners were led straight down the +Virgins Field, to the left of the nunnery, as far as a kitchen garden +in which a post had been set up. Beyond that post a fresh pit had been +dug in the ground, and near the post and the pit a large crowd stood +in a semicircle. The crowd consisted of a few Russians and many +of Napoleons soldiers who were not on dutyGermans, Italians, and +Frenchmen, in a variety of uniforms. To the right and left of the post +stood rows of French troops in blue uniforms with red epaulets and high +boots and shakos. + +The prisoners were placed in a certain order, according to the list +(Pierre was sixth), and were led to the post. Several drums suddenly +began to beat on both sides of them, and at that sound Pierre felt as +if part of his soul had been torn away. He lost the power of thinking or +understanding. He could only hear and see. And he had only one wishthat +the frightful thing that had to happen should happen quickly. Pierre +looked round at his fellow prisoners and scrutinized them. + +The two first were convicts with shaven heads. One was tall and thin, +the other dark, shaggy, and sinewy, with a flat nose. The third was +a domestic serf, about forty-five years old, with grizzled hair and a +plump, well-nourished body. The fourth was a peasant, a very handsome +man with a broad, light-brown beard and black eyes. The fifth was a +factory hand, a thin, sallow-faced lad of eighteen in a loose coat. + +Pierre heard the French consulting whether to shoot them separately or +two at a time. In couples, replied the officer in command in a calm +voice. There was a stir in the ranks of the soldiers and it was evident +that they were all hurryingnot as men hurry to do something they +understand, but as people hurry to finish a necessary but unpleasant and +incomprehensible task. + +A French official wearing a scarf came up to the right of the row of +prisoners and read out the sentence in Russian and in French. + +Then two pairs of Frenchmen approached the criminals and at the +officers command took the two convicts who stood first in the row. The +convicts stopped when they reached the post and, while sacks were being +brought, looked dumbly around as a wounded beast looks at an approaching +huntsman. One crossed himself continually, the other scratched his back +and made a movement of the lips resembling a smile. With hurried hands +the soldiers blindfolded them, drawing the sacks over their heads, and +bound them to the post. + +Twelve sharpshooters with muskets stepped out of the ranks with a firm +regular tread and halted eight paces from the post. Pierre turned away +to avoid seeing what was going to happen. Suddenly a crackling, rolling +noise was heard which seemed to him louder than the most terrific +thunder, and he looked round. There was some smoke, and the Frenchmen +were doing something near the pit, with pale faces and trembling hands. +Two more prisoners were led up. In the same way and with similar looks, +these two glanced vainly at the onlookers with only a silent appeal for +protection in their eyes, evidently unable to understand or believe +what was going to happen to them. They could not believe it because they +alone knew what their life meant to them, and so they neither understood +nor believed that it could be taken from them. + +Again Pierre did not wish to look and again turned away but again the +sound as of a frightful explosion struck his ear, and at the same moment +he saw smoke, blood, and the pale, scared faces of the Frenchmen who +were again doing something by the post, their trembling hands impeding +one another. Pierre, breathing heavily, looked around as if asking what +it meant. The same question was expressed in all the looks that met his. + +On the faces of all the Russians and of the French soldiers and officers +without exception, he read the same dismay, horror, and conflict that +were in his own heart. But who, after all, is doing this? They are all +suffering as I am. Who then is it? Who? flashed for an instant through +his mind. + +Sharpshooters of the 86th, forward! shouted someone. The fifth +prisoner, the one next to Pierre, was led awayalone. Pierre did not +understand that he was saved, that he and the rest had been brought +there only to witness the execution. With ever-growing horror, and no +sense of joy or relief, he gazed at what was taking place. The fifth man +was the factory lad in the loose cloak. The moment they laid hands on +him he sprang aside in terror and clutched at Pierre. (Pierre shuddered +and shook himself free.) The lad was unable to walk. They dragged him +along, holding him up under the arms, and he screamed. When they got +him to the post he grew quiet, as if he suddenly understood something. +Whether he understood that screaming was useless or whether he thought +it incredible that men should kill him, at any rate he took his stand at +the post, waiting to be blindfolded like the others, and like a wounded +animal looked around him with glittering eyes. + +Pierre was no longer able to turn away and close his eyes. His curiosity +and agitation, like that of the whole crowd, reached the highest pitch +at this fifth murder. Like the others this fifth man seemed calm he +wrapped his loose cloak closer and rubbed one bare foot with the other. + +When they began to blindfold him he himself adjusted the knot which +hurt the back of his head then when they propped him against the +bloodstained post, he leaned back and, not being comfortable in that +position, straightened himself, adjusted his feet, and leaned back again +more comfortably. Pierre did not take his eyes from him and did not miss +his slightest movement. + +Probably a word of command was given and was followed by the reports of +eight muskets but try as he would Pierre could not afterwards remember +having heard the slightest sound of the shots. He only saw how the +workman suddenly sank down on the cords that held him, how blood showed +itself in two places, how the ropes slackened under the weight of the +hanging body, and how the workman sat down, his head hanging unnaturally +and one leg bent under him. Pierre ran up to the post. No one hindered +him. Pale, frightened people were doing something around the workman. +The lower jaw of an old Frenchman with a thick mustache trembled as he +untied the ropes. The body collapsed. The soldiers dragged it awkwardly +from the post and began pushing it into the pit. + +They all plainly and certainly knew that they were criminals who must +hide the traces of their guilt as quickly as possible. + +Pierre glanced into the pit and saw that the factory lad was lying with +his knees close up to his head and one shoulder higher than the other. +That shoulder rose and fell rhythmically and convulsively, but spadefuls +of earth were already being thrown over the whole body. One of the +soldiers, evidently suffering, shouted gruffly and angrily at Pierre to +go back. But Pierre did not understand him and remained near the post, +and no one drove him away. + +When the pit had been filled up a command was given. Pierre was taken +back to his place, and the rows of troops on both sides of the post +made a half turn and went past it at a measured pace. The twenty-four +sharpshooters with discharged muskets, standing in the center of the +circle, ran back to their places as the companies passed by. + +Pierre gazed now with dazed eyes at these sharpshooters who ran in +couples out of the circle. All but one rejoined their companies. This +one, a young soldier, his face deadly pale, his shako pushed back, and +his musket resting on the ground, still stood near the pit at the spot +from which he had fired. He swayed like a drunken man, taking some steps +forward and back to save himself from falling. An old, noncommissioned +officer ran out of the ranks and taking him by the elbow dragged him to +his company. The crowd of Russians and Frenchmen began to disperse. They +all went away silently and with drooping heads. + +That will teach them to start fires, said one of the Frenchmen. + +Pierre glanced round at the speaker and saw that it was a soldier who +was trying to find some relief after what had been done, but was not +able to do so. Without finishing what he had begun to say he made a +hopeless movement with his arm and went away. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +After the execution Pierre was separated from the rest of the prisoners +and placed alone in a small, ruined, and befouled church. + +Toward evening a noncommissioned officer entered with two soldiers and +told him that he had been pardoned and would now go to the barracks for +the prisoners of war. Without understanding what was said to him, Pierre +got up and went with the soldiers. They took him to the upper end of the +field, where there were some sheds built of charred planks, beams, +and battens, and led him into one of them. In the darkness some twenty +different men surrounded Pierre. He looked at them without understanding +who they were, why they were there, or what they wanted of him. He heard +what they said, but did not understand the meaning of the words and +made no kind of deduction from or application of them. He replied to +questions they put to him, but did not consider who was listening to his +replies, nor how they would understand them. He looked at their faces +and figures, but they all seemed to him equally meaningless. + +From the moment Pierre had witnessed those terrible murders committed by +men who did not wish to commit them, it was as if the mainspring of +his life, on which everything depended and which made everything appear +alive, had suddenly been wrenched out and everything had collapsed +into a heap of meaningless rubbish. Though he did not acknowledge it to +himself, his faith in the right ordering of the universe, in humanity, +in his own soul, and in God, had been destroyed. He had experienced this +before, but never so strongly as now. When similar doubts had assailed +him before, they had been the result of his own wrongdoing, and at the +bottom of his heart he had felt that relief from his despair and from +those doubts was to be found within himself. But now he felt that +the universe had crumbled before his eyes and only meaningless ruins +remained, and this not by any fault of his own. He felt that it was not +in his power to regain faith in the meaning of life. + +Around him in the darkness men were standing and evidently something +about him interested them greatly. They were telling him something and +asking him something. Then they led him away somewhere, and at last he +found himself in a corner of the shed among men who were laughing and +talking on all sides. + +Well, then, mates... that very prince who... some voice at the other +end of the shed was saying, with a strong emphasis on the word who. + +Sitting silent and motionless on a heap of straw against the wall, +Pierre sometimes opened and sometimes closed his eyes. But as soon as +he closed them he saw before him the dreadful face of the factory +ladespecially dreadful because of its simplicityand the faces of the +murderers, even more dreadful because of their disquiet. And he opened +his eyes again and stared vacantly into the darkness around him. + +Beside him in a stooping position sat a small man of whose presence he +was first made aware by a strong smell of perspiration which came from +him every time he moved. This man was doing something to his legs in the +darkness, and though Pierre could not see his face he felt that the man +continually glanced at him. On growing used to the darkness Pierre saw +that the man was taking off his leg bands, and the way he did it aroused +Pierres interest. + +Having unwound the string that tied the band on one leg, he carefully +coiled it up and immediately set to work on the other leg, glancing up +at Pierre. While one hand hung up the first string the other was already +unwinding the band on the second leg. In this way, having carefully +removed the leg bands by deft circular motions of his arm following +one another uninterruptedly, the man hung the leg bands up on some pegs +fixed above his head. Then he took out a knife, cut something, closed +the knife, placed it under the head of his bed, and, seating himself +comfortably, clasped his arms round his lifted knees and fixed his eyes +on Pierre. The latter was conscious of something pleasant, comforting, +and well-rounded in these deft movements, in the mans well-ordered +arrangements in his corner, and even in his very smell, and he looked at +the man without taking his eyes from him. + +Youve seen a lot of trouble, sir, eh? the little man suddenly said. + +And there was so much kindliness and simplicity in his singsong voice +that Pierre tried to reply, but his jaw trembled and he felt tears +rising to his eyes. The little fellow, giving Pierre no time to betray +his confusion, instantly continued in the same pleasant tones + +Eh, lad, dont fret! said he, in the tender singsong caressing voice +old Russian peasant women employ. Dont fret, friendsuffer an hour, +live for an age! thats how it is, my dear fellow. And here we live, +thank heaven, without offense. Among these folk, too, there are good +men as well as bad, said he, and still speaking, he turned on his knees +with a supple movement, got up, coughed, and went off to another part of +the shed. + +Eh, you rascal! Pierre heard the same kind voice saying at the other +end of the shed. So youve come, you rascal? She remembers... Now, now, +thatll do! + +And the soldier, pushing away a little dog that was jumping up at +him, returned to his place and sat down. In his hands he had something +wrapped in a rag. + +Here, eat a bit, sir, said he, resuming his former respectful tone as +he unwrapped and offered Pierre some baked potatoes. We had soup for +dinner and the potatoes are grand! + +Pierre had not eaten all day and the smell of the potatoes seemed +extremely pleasant to him. He thanked the soldier and began to eat. + +Well, are they all right? said the soldier with a smile. You should +do like this. + +He took a potato, drew out his clasp knife, cut the potato into two +equal halves on the palm of his hand, sprinkled some salt on it from the +rag, and handed it to Pierre. + +The potatoes are grand! he said once more. Eat some like that! + +Pierre thought he had never eaten anything that tasted better. + +Oh, Im all right, said he, but why did they shoot those poor +fellows? The last one was hardly twenty. + +Tss, tt...! said the little man. Ah, what a sin... what a sin! he +added quickly, and as if his words were always waiting ready in his +mouth and flew out involuntarily he went on How was it, sir, that you +stayed in Moscow? + +I didnt think they would come so soon. I stayed accidentally, replied +Pierre. + +And how did they arrest you, dear lad? At your house? + +No, I went to look at the fire, and they arrested me there, and tried +me as an incendiary. + +Where theres law theres injustice, put in the little man. + +And have you been here long? Pierre asked as he munched the last of +the potato. + +I? It was last Sunday they took me, out of a hospital in Moscow. + +Why, are you a soldier then? + +Yes, we are soldiers of the psheron regiment. I was dying of fever. We +werent told anything. There were some twenty of us lying there. We had +no idea, never guessed at all. + +And do you feel sad here? Pierre inquired. + +How can one help it, lad? My name is Platn, and the surname is +Karatev, he added, evidently wishing to make it easier for Pierre to +address him. They call me little falcon in the regiment. How is one +to help feeling sad? Moscowshes the mother of cities. How can one see +all this and not feel sad? But the maggot gnaws the cabbage, yet dies +first thats what the old folks used to tell us, he added rapidly. + +What? What did you say? asked Pierre. + +Who? I? said Karatev. I say things happen not as we plan but as God +judges, he replied, thinking that he was repeating what he had said +before, and immediately continued + +Well, and you, have you a family estate, sir? And a house? So you have +abundance, then? And a housewife? And your old parents, are they still +living? he asked. + +And though it was too dark for Pierre to see, he felt that a suppressed +smile of kindliness puckered the soldiers lips as he put these +questions. He seemed grieved that Pierre had no parents, especially that +he had no mother. + +A wife for counsel, a mother-in-law for welcome, but theres none as +dear as ones own mother! said he. Well, and have you little ones? he +went on asking. + +Again Pierres negative answer seemed to distress him, and he hastened +to add + +Never mind! Youre young folks yet, and please God may still have some. +The great thing is to live in harmony.... + +But its all the same now, Pierre could not help saying. + +Ah, my dear fellow! rejoined Karatev, never decline a prison or a +beggars sack! + +He seated himself more comfortably and coughed, evidently preparing to +tell a long story. + +Well, my dear fellow, I was still living at home, he began. We had +a well-to-do homestead, plenty of land, we peasants lived well and our +house was one to thank God for. When Father and we went out mowing +there were seven of us. We lived well. We were real peasants. It so +happened... + +And Platn Karatev told a long story of how he had gone into someones +copse to take wood, how he had been caught by the keeper, had been +tried, flogged, and sent to serve as a soldier. + +Well, lad, and a smile changed the tone of his voice we thought it +was a misfortune but it turned out a blessing! If it had not been for +my sin, my brother would have had to go as a soldier. But he, my younger +brother, had five little ones, while I, you see, only left a wife +behind. We had a little girl, but God took her before I went as a +soldier. I come home on leave and Ill tell you how it was, I look and +see that they are living better than before. The yard full of cattle, +the women at home, two brothers away earning wages, and only Michael the +youngest, at home. Father, he says, All my children are the same to +me it hurts the same whichever finger gets bitten. But if Platn hadnt +been shaved for a soldier, Michael would have had to go. called us +all to him and, will you believe it, placed us in front of the icons. +Michael, he says, come here and bow down to his feet and you, young +woman, you bow down too and you, grandchildren, also bow down before +him! Do you understand? he says. Thats how it is, dear fellow. Fate +looks for a head. But we are always judging, thats not wellthats +not right! Our luck is like water in a dragnet you pull at it and it +bulges, but when youve drawn it out its empty! Thats how it is. + +And Platn shifted his seat on the straw. + +After a short silence he rose. + +Well, I think you must be sleepy, said he, and began rapidly crossing +himself and repeating + +Lord Jesus Christ, holy Saint Nicholas, Frola and Lavra! Lord Jesus +Christ, holy Saint Nicholas, Frola and Lavra! Lord Jesus Christ, have +mercy on us and save us! he concluded, then bowed to the ground, got +up, sighed, and sat down again on his heap of straw. Thats the way. +Lay me down like a stone, O God, and raise me up like a loaf, he +muttered as he lay down, pulling his coat over him. + +What prayer was that you were saying? asked Pierre. + +Eh? murmured Platn, who had almost fallen asleep. What was I saying? +I was praying. Dont you pray? + +Yes, I do, said Pierre. But what was that you said Frola and Lavra? + +Well, of course, replied Platn quickly, the horses saints. One must +pity the animals too. Eh, the rascal! Now youve curled up and got warm, +you daughter of a bitch! said Karatev, touching the dog that lay at +his feet, and again turning over he fell asleep immediately. + +Sounds of crying and screaming came from somewhere in the distance +outside, and flames were visible through the cracks of the shed, but +inside it was quiet and dark. For a long time Pierre did not sleep, but +lay with eyes open in the darkness, listening to the regular snoring +of Platn who lay beside him, and he felt that the world that had been +shattered was once more stirring in his soul with a new beauty and on +new and unshakable foundations. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +Twenty-three soldiers, three officers, and two officials were confined +in the shed in which Pierre had been placed and where he remained for +four weeks. + +When Pierre remembered them afterwards they all seemed misty figures to +him except Platn Karatev, who always remained in his mind a most +vivid and precious memory and the personification of everything Russian, +kindly, and round. When Pierre saw his neighbor next morning at dawn +the first impression of him, as of something round, was fully confirmed +Platns whole figurein a French overcoat girdled with a cord, a +soldiers cap, and bast shoeswas round. His head was quite round, his +back, chest, shoulders, and even his arms, which he held as if ever +ready to embrace something, were rounded, his pleasant smile and his +large, gentle brown eyes were also round. + +Platn Karatev must have been fifty, judging by his stories of +campaigns he had been in, told as by an old soldier. He did not himself +know his age and was quite unable to determine it. But his brilliantly +white, strong teeth which showed in two unbroken semicircles when he +laughedas he often didwere all sound and good, there was not a gray +hair in his beard or on his head, and his whole body gave an impression +of suppleness and especially of firmness and endurance. + +His face, despite its fine, rounded wrinkles, had an expression of +innocence and youth, his voice was pleasant and musical. But the chief +peculiarity of his speech was its directness and appositeness. It was +evident that he never considered what he had said or was going to say, +and consequently the rapidity and justice of his intonation had an +irresistible persuasiveness. + +His physical strength and agility during the first days of his +imprisonment were such that he seemed not to know what fatigue and +sickness meant. Every night before lying down, he said Lord, lay me +down as a stone and raise me up as a loaf! and every morning on getting +up, he said I lay down and curled up, I get up and shake myself. And +indeed he only had to lie down, to fall asleep like a stone, and he +only had to shake himself, to be ready without a moments delay for some +work, just as children are ready to play directly they awake. He could +do everything, not very well but not badly. He baked, cooked, sewed, +planed, and mended boots. He was always busy, and only at night allowed +himself conversationof which he was fondand songs. He did not sing +like a trained singer who knows he is listened to, but like the birds, +evidently giving vent to the sounds in the same way that one stretches +oneself or walks about to get rid of stiffness, and the sounds were +always high-pitched, mournful, delicate, and almost feminine, and his +face at such times was very serious. + +Having been taken prisoner and allowed his beard to grow, he seemed to +have thrown off all that had been forced upon himeverything military +and alien to himselfand had returned to his former peasant habits. + +A soldier on leavea shirt outside breeches, he would say. + +He did not like talking about his life as a soldier, though he did not +complain, and often mentioned that he had not been flogged once during +the whole of his army service. When he related anything it was generally +some old and evidently precious memory of his Christian life, as he +called his peasant existence. The proverbs, of which his talk was full, +were for the most part not the coarse and indecent saws soldiers +employ, but those folk sayings which taken without a context seem so +insignificant, but when used appositely suddenly acquire a significance +of profound wisdom. + +He would often say the exact opposite of what he had said on a previous +occasion, yet both would be right. He liked to talk and he talked well, +adorning his speech with terms of endearment and with folk sayings which +Pierre thought he invented himself, but the chief charm of his talk lay +in the fact that the commonest eventssometimes just such as Pierre +had witnessed without taking notice of themassumed in Karatevs a +character of solemn fitness. He liked to hear the folk tales one of the +soldiers used to tell of an evening (they were always the same), but +most of all he liked to hear stories of real life. He would smile +joyfully when listening to such stories, now and then putting in a word +or asking a question to make the moral beauty of what he was told clear +to himself. Karatev had no attachments, friendships, or love, as Pierre +understood them, but loved and lived affectionately with everything life +brought him in contact with, particularly with mannot any particular +man, but those with whom he happened to be. He loved his dog, his +comrades, the French, and Pierre who was his neighbor, but Pierre felt +that in spite of Karatevs affectionate tenderness for him (by which +he unconsciously gave Pierres spiritual life its due) he would not have +grieved for a moment at parting from him. And Pierre began to feel in +the same way toward Karatev. + +To all the other prisoners Platn Karatev seemed a most ordinary +soldier. They called him little falcon or Platsha, chaffed him +good-naturedly, and sent him on errands. But to Pierre he always +remained what he had seemed that first night an unfathomable, rounded, +eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth. + +Platn Karatev knew nothing by heart except his prayers. When he began +to speak he seemed not to know how he would conclude. + +Sometimes Pierre, struck by the meaning of his words, would ask him to +repeat them, but Platn could never recall what he had said a moment +before, just as he never could repeat to Pierre the words of his +favorite song native and birch tree and my heart is sick occurred in +it, but when spoken and not sung, no meaning could be got out of it. He +did not, and could not, understand the meaning of words apart from +their context. Every word and action of his was the manifestation of +an activity unknown to him, which was his life. But his life, as he +regarded it, had no meaning as a separate thing. It had meaning only as +part of a whole of which he was always conscious. His words and actions +flowed from him as evenly, inevitably, and spontaneously as fragrance +exhales from a flower. He could not understand the value or significance +of any word or deed taken separately. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +When Princess Mary heard from Nicholas that her brother was with the +Rostvs at Yaroslvl she at once prepared to go there, in spite of her +aunts efforts to dissuade herand not merely to go herself but to take +her nephew with her. Whether it were difficult or easy, possible or +impossible, she did not ask and did not want to know it was her duty, +not only to herself, to be near her brother who was perhaps dying, but +to do everything possible to take his son to him, and so she prepared +to set off. That she had not heard from Prince Andrew himself, Princess +Mary attributed to his being too weak to write or to his considering the +long journey too hard and too dangerous for her and his son. + +In a few days Princess Mary was ready to start. Her equipages were the +huge family coach in which she had traveled to Vornezh, a semiopen +trap, and a baggage cart. With her traveled Mademoiselle Bourienne, +little Nicholas and his tutor, her old nurse, three maids, Tkhon, and a +young footman and courier her aunt had sent to accompany her. + +The usual route through Moscow could not be thought of, and the +roundabout way Princess Mary was obliged to take through Lpetsk, +Ryazn, Vladmir, and Shya was very long and, as post horses were not +everywhere obtainable, very difficult, and near Ryazn where the French +were said to have shown themselves was even dangerous. + +During this difficult journey Mademoiselle Bourienne, Dessalles, and +Princess Marys servants were astonished at her energy and firmness of +spirit. She went to bed later and rose earlier than any of them, and +no difficulties daunted her. Thanks to her activity and energy, which +infected her fellow travelers, they approached Yaroslvl by the end of +the second week. + +The last days of her stay in Vornezh had been the happiest of her life. +Her love for Rostv no longer tormented or agitated her. It filled her +whole soul, had become an integral part of herself, and she no longer +struggled against it. Latterly she had become convinced that she loved +and was beloved, though she never said this definitely to herself +in words. She had become convinced of it at her last interview with +Nicholas, when he had come to tell her that her brother was with the +Rostvs. Not by a single word had Nicholas alluded to the fact that +Prince Andrews relations with Natsha might, if he recovered, be +renewed, but Princess Mary saw by his face that he knew and thought of +this. + +Yet in spite of that, his relation to herconsiderate, delicate, and +lovingnot only remained unchanged, but it sometimes seemed to Princess +Mary that he was even glad that the family connection between them +allowed him to express his friendship more freely. She knew that she +loved for the first and only time in her life and felt that she was +beloved, and was happy in regard to it. + +But this happiness on one side of her spiritual nature did not prevent +her feeling grief for her brother with full force on the contrary, that +spiritual tranquility on the one side made it the more possible for her +to give full play to her feeling for her brother. That feeling was so +strong at the moment of leaving Vornezh that those who saw her off, as +they looked at her careworn, despairing face, felt sure she would fall +ill on the journey. But the very difficulties and preoccupations of the +journey, which she took so actively in hand, saved her for a while from +her grief and gave her strength. + +As always happens when traveling, Princess Mary thought only of the +journey itself, forgetting its object. But as she approached Yaroslvl +the thought of what might await her therenot after many days, but that +very eveningagain presented itself to her and her agitation increased +to its utmost limit. + +The courier who had been sent on in advance to find out where the +Rostvs were staying in Yaroslvl, and in what condition Prince Andrew +was, when he met the big coach just entering the town gates was appalled +by the terrible pallor of the princess face that looked out at him from +the window. + +I have found out everything, your excellency the Rostvs are staying +at the merchant Brnnikovs house, in the Square not far from here, +right above the Vlga, said the courier. + +Princess Mary looked at him with frightened inquiry, not understanding +why he did not reply to what she chiefly wanted to know how was her +brother? Mademoiselle Bourienne put that question for her. + +How is the prince? she asked. + +His excellency is staying in the same house with them. + +Then he is alive, thought Princess Mary, and asked in a low voice +How is he? + +The servants say he is still the same. + +What still the same might mean Princess Mary did not ask, but with an +unnoticed glance at little seven-year-old Nicholas, who was sitting in +front of her looking with pleasure at the town, she bowed her head +and did not raise it again till the heavy coach, rumbling, shaking and +swaying, came to a stop. The carriage steps clattered as they were let +down. + +The carriage door was opened. On the left there was watera great +riverand on the right a porch. There were people at the entrance +servants, and a rosy girl with a large plait of black hair, smiling as +it seemed to Princess Mary in an unpleasantly affected way. (This was +Snya.) Princess Mary ran up the steps. This way, this way! said the +girl, with the same artificial smile, and the princess found herself in +the hall facing an elderly woman of Oriental type, who came rapidly to +meet her with a look of emotion. This was the countess. She embraced +Princess Mary and kissed her. + +Mon enfant! she muttered, je vous aime et vous connais depuis +longtemps. * + + * My child! I love you and have known you a long time. + + +Despite her excitement, Princess Mary realized that this was the +countess and that it was necessary to say something to her. Hardly +knowing how she did it, she contrived to utter a few polite phrases in +French in the same tone as those that had been addressed to her, and +asked How is he? + +The doctor says that he is not in danger, said the countess, but as +she spoke she raised her eyes with a sigh, and her gesture conveyed a +contradiction of her words. + +Where is he? Can I see himcan I? asked the princess. + +One moment, Princess, one moment, my dear! Is this his son? said the +countess, turning to little Nicholas who was coming in with Dessalles. +There will be room for everybody, this is a big house. Oh, what a +lovely boy! + +The countess took Princess Mary into the drawing room, where Snya was +talking to Mademoiselle Bourienne. The countess caressed the boy, and +the old count came in and welcomed the princess. He had changed very +much since Princess Mary had last seen him. Then he had been a brisk, +cheerful, self-assured old man now he seemed a pitiful, bewildered +person. While talking to Princess Mary he continually looked round as +if asking everyone whether he was doing the right thing. After the +destruction of Moscow and of his property, thrown out of his accustomed +groove he seemed to have lost the sense of his own significance and to +feel that there was no longer a place for him in life. + +In spite of her one desire to see her brother as soon as possible, and +her vexation that at the moment when all she wanted was to see him they +should be trying to entertain her and pretending to admire her nephew, +the princess noticed all that was going on around her and felt the +necessity of submitting, for a time, to this new order of things which +she had entered. She knew it to be necessary, and though it was hard for +her she was not vexed with these people. + +This is my niece, said the count, introducing SnyaYou dont know +her, Princess? + +Princess Mary turned to Snya and, trying to stifle the hostile +feeling that arose in her toward the girl, she kissed her. But she felt +oppressed by the fact that the mood of everyone around her was so far +from what was in her own heart. + +Where is he? she asked again, addressing them all. + +He is downstairs. Natsha is with him, answered Snya, flushing. We +have sent to ask. I think you must be tired, Princess. + +Tears of vexation showed themselves in Princess Marys eyes. She turned +away and was about to ask the countess again how to go to him, when +light, impetuous, and seemingly buoyant steps were heard at the door. +The princess looked round and saw Natsha coming in, almost runningthat +Natsha whom she had liked so little at their meeting in Moscow long +since. + +But hardly had the princess looked at Natshas face before she realized +that here was a real comrade in her grief, and consequently a friend. +She ran to meet her, embraced her, and began to cry on her shoulder. + +As soon as Natsha, sitting at the head of Prince Andrews bed, heard +of Princess Marys arrival, she softly left his room and hastened to her +with those swift steps that had sounded buoyant to Princess Mary. + +There was only one expression on her agitated face when she ran into the +drawing roomthat of loveboundless love for him, for her, and for all +that was near to the man she loved and of pity, suffering for others, +and passionate desire to give herself entirely to helping them. It was +plain that at that moment there was in Natshas heart no thought of +herself or of her own relations with Prince Andrew. + +Princess Mary, with her acute sensibility, understood all this at the +first glance at Natshas face, and wept on her shoulder with sorrowful +pleasure. + +Come, come to him, Mary, said Natsha, leading her into the other +room. + +Princess Mary raised her head, dried her eyes, and turned to Natsha. +She felt that from her she would be able to understand and learn +everything. + +How... she began her question but stopped short. + +She felt that it was impossible to ask, or to answer, in words. +Natshas face and eyes would have to tell her all more clearly and +profoundly. + +Natsha was gazing at her, but seemed afraid and in doubt whether to say +all she knew or not she seemed to feel that before those luminous eyes +which penetrated into the very depths of her heart, it was impossible +not to tell the whole truth which she saw. And suddenly, Natshas lips +twitched, ugly wrinkles gathered round her mouth, and covering her face +with her hands she burst into sobs. + +Princess Mary understood. + +But she still hoped, and asked, in words she herself did not trust + +But how is his wound? What is his general condition? + +You, you... will see, was all Natsha could say. + +They sat a little while downstairs near his room till they had left off +crying and were able to go to him with calm faces. + +How has his whole illness gone? Is it long since he grew worse? When +did this happen? Princess Mary inquired. + +Natsha told her that at first there had been danger from his feverish +condition and the pain he suffered, but at Tritsa that had passed +and the doctor had only been afraid of gangrene. That danger had also +passed. When they reached Yaroslvl the wound had begun to fester +(Natsha knew all about such things as festering) and the doctor had +said that the festering might take a normal course. Then fever set in, +but the doctor had said the fever was not very serious. + +But two days ago this suddenly happened, said Natsha, struggling with +her sobs. I dont know why, but you will see what he is like. + +Is he weaker? Thinner? asked the princess. + +No, its not that, but worse. You will see. O, Mary, he is too good, he +cannot, cannot live, because... + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +When Natsha opened Prince Andrews door with a familiar movement and +let Princess Mary pass into the room before her, the princess felt the +sobs in her throat. Hard as she had tried to prepare herself, and now +tried to remain tranquil, she knew that she would be unable to look at +him without tears. + +The princess understood what Natsha had meant by the words two days +ago this suddenly happened. She understood those words to mean that he +had suddenly softened and that this softening and gentleness were signs +of approaching death. As she stepped to the door she already saw in +imagination Andrews face as she remembered it in childhood, a gentle, +mild, sympathetic face which he had rarely shown, and which therefore +affected her very strongly. She was sure he would speak soft, tender +words to her such as her father had uttered before his death, and +that she would not be able to bear it and would burst into sobs in his +presence. Yet sooner or later it had to be, and she went in. The sobs +rose higher and higher in her throat as she more and more clearly +distinguished his form and her shortsighted eyes tried to make out his +features, and then she saw his face and met his gaze. + +He was lying in a squirrel-fur dressing gown on a divan, surrounded by +pillows. He was thin and pale. In one thin, translucently white hand +he held a handkerchief, while with the other he stroked the delicate +mustache he had grown, moving his fingers slowly. His eyes gazed at them +as they entered. + +On seeing his face and meeting his eyes Princess Marys pace suddenly +slackened, she felt her tears dry up and her sobs ceased. She suddenly +felt guilty and grew timid on catching the expression of his face and +eyes. + +But in what am I to blame? she asked herself. And his cold, stern look +replied Because you are alive and thinking of the living, while I... + +In the deep gaze that seemed to look not outwards but inwards there +was an almost hostile expression as he slowly regarded his sister and +Natsha. + +He kissed his sister, holding her hand in his as was their wont. + +How are you, Mary? How did you manage to get here? said he in a voice +as calm and aloof as his look. + +Had he screamed in agony, that scream would not have struck such horror +into Princess Marys heart as the tone of his voice. + +And have you brought little Nicholas? he asked in the same slow, quiet +manner and with an obvious effort to remember. + +How are you now? said Princess Mary, herself surprised at what she was +saying. + +That, my dear, you must ask the doctor, he replied, and again making +an evident effort to be affectionate, he said with his lips only (his +words clearly did not correspond to his thoughts) + +Merci, chre amie, dtre venue. * + + * Thank you for coming, my dear. + + +Princess Mary pressed his hand. The pressure made him wince just +perceptibly. He was silent, and she did not know what to say. She now +understood what had happened to him two days before. In his words, his +tone, and especially in that calm, almost antagonistic look could be +felt an estrangement from everything belonging to this world, terrible +in one who is alive. Evidently only with an effort did he understand +anything living but it was obvious that he failed to understand, not +because he lacked the power to do so but because he understood something +elsesomething the living did not and could not understandand which +wholly occupied his mind. + +There, you see how strangely fate has brought us together, said he, +breaking the silence and pointing to Natsha. She looks after me all +the time. + +Princess Mary heard him and did not understand how he could say such a +thing. He, the sensitive, tender Prince Andrew, how could he say that, +before her whom he loved and who loved him? Had he expected to live he +could not have said those words in that offensively cold tone. If he had +not known that he was dying, how could he have failed to pity her and +how could he speak like that in her presence? The only explanation was +that he was indifferent, because something else, much more important, +had been revealed to him. + +The conversation was cold and disconnected and continually broke off. + +Mary came by way of Ryazn, said Natsha. + +Prince Andrew did not notice that she called his sister Mary, and only +after calling her so in his presence did Natsha notice it herself. + +Really? he asked. + +They told her that all Moscow has been burned down, and that... + +Natsha stopped. It was impossible to talk. It was plain that he was +making an effort to listen, but could not do so. + +Yes, they say its burned, he said. Its a great pity, and he gazed +straight before him, absently stroking his mustache with his fingers. + +And so you have met Count Nicholas, Mary? Prince Andrew suddenly said, +evidently wishing to speak pleasantly to them. He wrote here that he +took a great liking to you, he went on simply and calmly, evidently +unable to understand all the complex significance his words had for +living people. If you liked him too, it would be a good thing for you +to get married, he added rather more quickly, as if pleased at having +found words he had long been seeking. + +Princess Mary heard his words but they had no meaning for her, except as +a proof of how far away he now was from everything living. + +Why talk of me? she said quietly and glanced at Natsha. + +Natsha, who felt her glance, did not look at her. All three were again +silent. + +Andrew, would you like... Princess Mary suddenly said in a trembling +voice, would you like to see little Nicholas? He is always talking +about you! + +Prince Andrew smiled just perceptibly and for the first time, but +Princess Mary, who knew his face so well, saw with horror that he did +not smile with pleasure or affection for his son, but with quiet, gentle +irony because he thought she was trying what she believed to be the last +means of arousing him. + +Yes, I shall be very glad to see him. Is he quite well? + +When little Nicholas was brought into Prince Andrews room he looked at +his father with frightened eyes, but did not cry, because no one else +was crying. Prince Andrew kissed him and evidently did not know what to +say to him. + +When Nicholas had been led away, Princess Mary again went up to her +brother, kissed him, and unable to restrain her tears any longer began +to cry. + +He looked at her attentively. + +Is it about Nicholas? he asked. + +Princess Mary nodded her head, weeping. + +Mary, you know the Gosp... but he broke off. + +What did you say? + +Nothing. You mustnt cry here, he said, looking at her with the same +cold expression. + + +When Princess Mary began to cry, he understood that she was crying at +the thought that little Nicholas would be left without a father. With +a great effort he tried to return to life and to see things from their +point of view. + +Yes, to them it must seem sad! he thought. But how simple it is. + +The fowls of the air sow not, neither do they reap, yet your Father +feedeth them, he said to himself and wished to say to Princess Mary +but no, they will take it their own way, they wont understand! They +cant understand that all those feelings they prize soall our feelings, +all those ideas that seem so important to us, are unnecessary. We cannot +understand one another, and he remained silent. + + +Prince Andrews little son was seven. He could scarcely read, and knew +nothing. After that day he lived through many things, gaining knowledge, +observation, and experience, but had he possessed all the faculties he +afterwards acquired, he could not have had a better or more profound +understanding of the meaning of the scene he had witnessed between +his father, Mary, and Natsha, than he had then. He understood it +completely, and, leaving the room without crying, went silently up +to Natsha who had come out with him and looked shyly at her with his +beautiful, thoughtful eyes, then his uplifted, rosy upper lip trembled +and leaning his head against her he began to cry. + +After that he avoided Dessalles and the countess who caressed him and +either sat alone or came timidly to Princess Mary, or to Natsha of whom +he seemed even fonder than of his aunt, and clung to them quietly and +shyly. + +When Princess Mary had left Prince Andrew she fully understood what +Natshas face had told her. She did not speak any more to Natsha of +hopes of saving his life. She took turns with her beside his sofa, and +did not cry any more, but prayed continually, turning in soul to that +Eternal and Unfathomable, whose presence above the dying man was now so +evident. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Not only did Prince Andrew know he would die, but he felt that he was +dying and was already half dead. He was conscious of an aloofness from +everything earthly and a strange and joyous lightness of existence. +Without haste or agitation he awaited what was coming. That inexorable, +eternal, distant, and unknown the presence of which he had felt +continually all his lifewas now near to him and, by the strange +lightness he experienced, almost comprehensible and palpable.... + + +Formerly he had feared the end. He had twice experienced that terribly +tormenting fear of deaththe endbut now he no longer understood that +fear. + +He had felt it for the first time when the shell spun like a top before +him, and he looked at the fallow field, the bushes, and the sky, and +knew that he was face to face with death. When he came to himself after +being wounded and the flower of eternal, unfettered love had instantly +unfolded itself in his soul as if freed from the bondage of life that +had restrained it, he no longer feared death and ceased to think about +it. + +During the hours of solitude, suffering, and partial delirium he +spent after he was wounded, the more deeply he penetrated into the new +principle of eternal love revealed to him, the more he unconsciously +detached himself from earthly life. To love everything and everybody and +always to sacrifice oneself for love meant not to love anyone, not +to live this earthly life. And the more imbued he became with that +principle of love, the more he renounced life and the more completely he +destroyed that dreadful barrier whichin the absence of such lovestands +between life and death. When during those first days he remembered that +he would have to die, he said to himself Well, what of it? So much the +better! + +But after the night in Mytshchi when, half delirious, he had seen her +for whom he longed appear before him and, having pressed her hand to his +lips, had shed gentle, happy tears, love for a particular woman again +crept unobserved into his heart and once more bound him to life. And +joyful and agitating thoughts began to occupy his mind. Recalling the +moment at the ambulance station when he had seen Kurgin, he could not +now regain the feeling he then had, but was tormented by the question +whether Kurgin was alive. And he dared not inquire. + +His illness pursued its normal physical course, but what Natsha +referred to when she said This suddenly happened, had occurred two +days before Princess Mary arrived. It was the last spiritual struggle +between life and death, in which death gained the victory. It was +the unexpected realization of the fact that he still valued life as +presented to him in the form of his love for Natsha, and a last, though +ultimately vanquished, attack of terror before the unknown. + +It was evening. As usual after dinner he was slightly feverish, and his +thoughts were preternaturally clear. Snya was sitting by the table. He +began to doze. Suddenly a feeling of happiness seized him. + +Ah, she has come! thought he. + +And so it was in Snyas place sat Natsha who had just come in +noiselessly. + +Since she had begun looking after him, he had always experienced this +physical consciousness of her nearness. She was sitting in an armchair +placed sideways, screening the light of the candle from him, and was +knitting a stocking. She had learned to knit stockings since Prince +Andrew had casually mentioned that no one nursed the sick so well as old +nurses who knit stockings, and that there is something soothing in +the knitting of stockings. The needles clicked lightly in her slender, +rapidly moving hands, and he could clearly see the thoughtful profile +of her drooping face. She moved, and the ball rolled off her knees. She +started, glanced round at him, and screening the candle with her hand +stooped carefully with a supple and exact movement, picked up the ball, +and regained her former position. + +He looked at her without moving and saw that she wanted to draw a +deep breath after stooping, but refrained from doing so and breathed +cautiously. + +At the Tritsa monastery they had spoken of the past, and he had told +her that if he lived he would always thank God for his wound which had +brought them together again, but after that they never spoke of the +future. + +Can it or can it not be? he now thought as he looked at her and +listened to the light click of the steel needles. Can fate have brought +me to her so strangely only for me to die?... Is it possible that the +truth of life has been revealed to me only to show me that I have spent +my life in falsity? I love her more than anything in the world! But what +am I to do if I love her? he thought, and he involuntarily groaned, +from a habit acquired during his sufferings. + +On hearing that sound Natsha put down the stocking, leaned nearer to +him, and suddenly, noticing his shining eyes, stepped lightly up to him +and bent over him. + +You are not asleep? + +No, I have been looking at you a long time. I felt you come in. No one +else gives me that sense of soft tranquillity that you do... that light. +I want to weep for joy. + +Natsha drew closer to him. Her face shone with rapturous joy. + +Natsha, I love you too much! More than anything in the world. + +And I!She turned away for an instant. Why too much? she asked. + +Why too much?... Well, what do you, what do you feel in your soul, your +whole soulshall I live? What do you think? + +I am sure of it, sure! Natsha almost shouted, taking hold of both his +hands with a passionate movement. + +He remained silent awhile. + +How good it would be! and taking her hand he kissed it. + +Natsha felt happy and agitated, but at once remembered that this would +not do and that he had to be quiet. + +But you have not slept, she said, repressing her joy. Try to sleep... +please! + +He pressed her hand and released it, and she went back to the candle and +sat down again in her former position. Twice she turned and looked at +him, and her eyes met his beaming at her. She set herself a task on her +stocking and resolved not to turn round till it was finished. + +Soon he really shut his eyes and fell asleep. He did not sleep long and +suddenly awoke with a start and in a cold perspiration. + +As he fell asleep he had still been thinking of the subject that now +always occupied his mindabout life and death, and chiefly about death. +He felt himself nearer to it. + +Love? What is love? he thought. + +Love hinders death. Love is life. All, everything that I understand, I +understand only because I love. Everything is, everything exists, only +because I love. Everything is united by it alone. Love is God, and to +die means that I, a particle of love, shall return to the general and +eternal source. These thoughts seemed to him comforting. But they were +only thoughts. Something was lacking in them, they were not clear, they +were too one-sidedly personal and brain-spun. And there was the former +agitation and obscurity. He fell asleep. + +He dreamed that he was lying in the room he really was in, but that +he was quite well and unwounded. Many various, indifferent, and +insignificant people appeared before him. He talked to them and +discussed something trivial. They were preparing to go away somewhere. +Prince Andrew dimly realized that all this was trivial and that he had +more important cares, but he continued to speak, surprising them by +empty witticisms. Gradually, unnoticed, all these persons began to +disappear and a single question, that of the closed door, superseded +all else. He rose and went to the door to bolt and lock it. Everything +depended on whether he was, or was not, in time to lock it. He went, and +tried to hurry, but his legs refused to move and he knew he would not be +in time to lock the door though he painfully strained all his powers. He +was seized by an agonizing fear. And that fear was the fear of death. It +stood behind the door. But just when he was clumsily creeping toward +the door, that dreadful something on the other side was already pressing +against it and forcing its way in. Something not humandeathwas +breaking in through that door, and had to be kept out. He seized the +door, making a final effort to hold it backto lock it was no longer +possiblebut his efforts were weak and clumsy and the door, pushed from +behind by that terror, opened and closed again. + +Once again it pushed from outside. His last superhuman efforts were vain +and both halves of the door noiselessly opened. It entered, and it was +death, and Prince Andrew died. + +But at the instant he died, Prince Andrew remembered that he was asleep, +and at the very instant he died, having made an effort, he awoke. + +Yes, it was death! I diedand woke up. Yes, death is an awakening! And +all at once it grew light in his soul and the veil that had till then +concealed the unknown was lifted from his spiritual vision. He felt as +if powers till then confined within him had been liberated, and that +strange lightness did not again leave him. + +When, waking in a cold perspiration, he moved on the divan, Natsha went +up and asked him what was the matter. He did not answer and looked at +her strangely, not understanding. + +That was what had happened to him two days before Princess Marys +arrival. From that day, as the doctor expressed it, the wasting fever +assumed a malignant character, but what the doctor said did not interest +Natsha, she saw the terrible moral symptoms which to her were more +convincing. + +From that day an awakening from life came to Prince Andrew together with +his awakening from sleep. And compared to the duration of life it did +not seem to him slower than an awakening from sleep compared to the +duration of a dream. + +There was nothing terrible or violent in this comparatively slow +awakening. + +His last days and hours passed in an ordinary and simple way. Both +Princess Mary and Natsha, who did not leave him, felt this. They did +not weep or shudder and during these last days they themselves felt +that they were not attending on him (he was no longer there, he had left +them) but on what reminded them most closely of himhis body. Both felt +this so strongly that the outward and terrible side of death did not +affect them and they did not feel it necessary to foment their grief. +Neither in his presence nor out of it did they weep, nor did they ever +talk to one another about him. They felt that they could not express in +words what they understood. + +They both saw that he was sinking slowly and quietly, deeper and deeper, +away from them, and they both knew that this had to be so and that it +was right. + +He confessed, and received communion everyone came to take leave of +him. When they brought his son to him, he pressed his lips to the boys +and turned away, not because he felt it hard and sad (Princess Mary and +Natsha understood that) but simply because he thought it was all that +was required of him, but when they told him to bless the boy, he did +what was demanded and looked round as if asking whether there was +anything else he should do. + +When the last convulsions of the body, which the spirit was leaving, +occurred, Princess Mary and Natsha were present. + +Is it over? said Princess Mary when his body had for a few minutes +lain motionless, growing cold before them. Natsha went up, looked at +the dead eyes, and hastened to close them. She closed them but did not +kiss them, but clung to that which reminded her most nearly of himhis +body. + +Where has he gone? Where is he now?... + +When the body, washed and dressed, lay in the coffin on a table, +everyone came to take leave of him and they all wept. + +Little Nicholas cried because his heart was rent by painful perplexity. +The countess and Snya cried from pity for Natsha and because he was +no more. The old count cried because he felt that before long, he, too, +must take the same terrible step. + +Natsha and Princess Mary also wept now, but not because of their own +personal grief they wept with a reverent and softening emotion which +had taken possession of their souls at the consciousness of the +simple and solemn mystery of death that had been accomplished in their +presence. + + + + + +BOOK THIRTEEN 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Mans mind cannot grasp the causes of events in their completeness, but +the desire to find those causes is implanted in mans soul. And without +considering the multiplicity and complexity of the conditions any one +of which taken separately may seem to be the cause, he snatches at the +first approximation to a cause that seems to him intelligible and says +This is the cause! In historical events (where the actions of men are +the subject of observation) the first and most primitive approximation +to present itself was the will of the gods and, after that, the will of +those who stood in the most prominent positionthe heroes of history. +But we need only penetrate to the essence of any historic eventwhich +lies in the activity of the general mass of men who take part in itto +be convinced that the will of the historic hero does not control the +actions of the mass but is itself continually controlled. It may seem +to be a matter of indifference whether we understand the meaning of +historical events this way or that yet there is the same difference +between a man who says that the people of the West moved on the East +because Napoleon wished it and a man who says that this happened because +it had to happen, as there is between those who declared that the +earth was stationary and that the planets moved round it and those who +admitted that they did not know what upheld the earth, but knew there +were laws directing its movement and that of the other planets. There +is, and can be, no cause of an historical event except the one cause of +all causes. But there are laws directing events, and some of these laws +are known to us while we are conscious of others we cannot comprehend. +The discovery of these laws is only possible when we have quite +abandoned the attempt to find the cause in the will of some one man, +just as the discovery of the laws of the motion of the planets was +possible only when men abandoned the conception of the fixity of the +earth. + +The historians consider that, next to the battle of Borodin and the +occupation of Moscow by the enemy and its destruction by fire, the most +important episode of the war of 1812 was the movement of the Russian +army from the Ryazna to the Kalga road and to the Tartino campthe +so-called flank march across the Krsnaya Pakhr River. They ascribe the +glory of that achievement of genius to different men and dispute as to +whom the honor is due. Even foreign historians, including the French, +acknowledge the genius of the Russian commanders when they speak of +that flank march. But it is hard to understand why military writers, +and following them others, consider this flank march to be the profound +conception of some one man who saved Russia and destroyed Napoleon. In +the first place it is hard to understand where the profundity and genius +of this movement lay, for not much mental effort was needed to see that +the best position for an army when it is not being attacked is where +there are most provisions and even a dull boy of thirteen could have +guessed that the best position for an army after its retreat from Moscow +in 1812 was on the Kalga road. So it is impossible to understand by +what reasoning the historians reach the conclusion that this maneuver +was a profound one. And it is even more difficult to understand just why +they think that this maneuver was calculated to save Russia and destroy +the French for this flank march, had it been preceded, accompanied, +or followed by other circumstances, might have proved ruinous to the +Russians and salutary for the French. If the position of the Russian +army really began to improve from the time of that march, it does not at +all follow that the march was the cause of it. + +That flank march might not only have failed to give any advantage to +the Russian army, but might in other circumstances have led to its +destruction. What would have happened had Moscow not burned down? If +Murat had not lost sight of the Russians? If Napoleon had not remained +inactive? If the Russian army at Krsnaya Pakhr had given battle as +Bennigsen and Barclay advised? What would have happened had the French +attacked the Russians while they were marching beyond the Pakhr? What +would have happened if on approaching Tartino, Napoleon had attacked +the Russians with but a tenth of the energy he had shown when he +attacked them at Smolnsk? What would have happened had the French moved +on Petersburg?... In any of these eventualities the flank march that +brought salvation might have proved disastrous. + +The third and most incomprehensible thing is that people studying +history deliberately avoid seeing that this flank march cannot be +attributed to any one man, that no one ever foresaw it, and that in +reality, like the retreat from Fil, it did not suggest itself to anyone +in its entirety, but resultedmoment by moment, step by step, event by +eventfrom an endless number of most diverse circumstances and was only +seen in its entirety when it had been accomplished and belonged to the +past. + +At the council at Fil the prevailing thought in the minds of the +Russian commanders was the one naturally suggesting itself, namely, a +direct retreat by the Nzhni road. In proof of this there is the fact +that the majority of the council voted for such a retreat, and above +all there is the well-known conversation after the council, between the +commander in chief and Lansky, who was in charge of the commissariat +department. Lansky informed the commander in chief that the army +supplies were for the most part stored along the Ok in the Tla and +Ryazn provinces, and that if they retreated on Nzhni the army would +be separated from its supplies by the broad river Ok, which cannot be +crossed early in winter. This was the first indication of the necessity +of deviating from what had previously seemed the most natural coursea +direct retreat on Nzhni-Nvgorod. The army turned more to the south, +along the Ryazn road and nearer to its supplies. Subsequently the +inactivity of the French (who even lost sight of the Russian army), +concern for the safety of the arsenal at Tla, and especially the +advantages of drawing nearer to its supplies caused the army to turn +still further south to the Tla road. Having crossed over, by a forced +march, to the Tla road beyond the Pakhr, the Russian commanders +intended to remain at Podlsk and had no thought of the Tartino +position but innumerable circumstances and the reappearance of French +troops who had for a time lost touch with the Russians, and projects +of giving battle, and above all the abundance of provisions in Kalga +province, obliged our army to turn still more to the south and to cross +from the Tla to the Kalga road and go to Tartino, which was between +the roads along which those supplies lay. Just as it is impossible to +say when it was decided to abandon Moscow, so it is impossible to say +precisely when, or by whom, it was decided to move to Tartino. Only +when the army had got there, as the result of innumerable and varying +forces, did people begin to assure themselves that they had desired this +movement and long ago foreseen its result. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +The famous flank movement merely consisted in this after the advance +of the French had ceased, the Russian army, which had been continually +retreating straight back from the invaders, deviated from that direct +course and, not finding itself pursued, was naturally drawn toward the +district where supplies were abundant. + +If instead of imagining to ourselves commanders of genius leading the +Russian army, we picture that army without any leaders, it could not +have done anything but make a return movement toward Moscow, describing +an arc in the direction where most provisions were to be found and where +the country was richest. + +That movement from the Nzhni to the Ryazn, Tla, and Kalga roads was +so natural that even the Russian marauders moved in that direction, and +demands were sent from Petersburg for Kutzov to take his army that +way. At Tartino Kutzov received what was almost a reprimand from +the Emperor for having moved his army along the Ryazn road, and the +Emperors letter indicated to him the very position he had already +occupied near Kalga. + +Having rolled like a ball in the direction of the impetus given by the +whole campaign and by the battle of Borodin, the Russian armywhen +the strength of that impetus was exhausted and no fresh push was +receivedassumed the position natural to it. + +Kutzovs merit lay, not in any strategic maneuver of genius, as it is +called, but in the fact that he alone understood the significance of +what had happened. He alone then understood the meaning of the French +armys inactivity, he alone continued to assert that the battle of +Borodin had been a victory, he alonewho as commander in chief might +have been expected to be eager to attackemployed his whole strength to +restrain the Russian army from useless engagements. + +The beast wounded at Borodin was lying where the fleeing hunter had +left him but whether he was still alive, whether he was strong and +merely lying low, the hunter did not know. Suddenly the beast was heard +to moan. + +The moan of that wounded beast (the French army) which betrayed its +calamitous condition was the sending of Lauriston to Kutzovs camp with +overtures for peace. + +Napoleon, with his usual assurance that whatever entered his head was +right, wrote to Kutzov the first words that occurred to him, though +they were meaningless. + + +MONSIEUR LE PRINCE KOUTOUZOV I am sending one of my adjutants-general +to discuss several interesting questions with you. I beg your Highness +to credit what he says to you, especially when he expresses the +sentiment of esteem and special regard I have long entertained for your +person. This letter having no other object, I pray God, monsieur le +prince Koutouzov, to keep you in His holy and gracious protection! + +NAPOLEON + +MOSCOW, OCTOBER 30, 1812 + + +Kutzov replied I should be cursed by posterity were I looked on as +the initiator of a settlement of any sort. Such is the present spirit +of my nation. But he continued to exert all his powers to restrain his +troops from attacking. + +During the month that the French troops were pillaging in Moscow and +the Russian troops were quietly encamped at Tartino, a change had taken +place in the relative strength of the two armiesboth in spirit and in +numberas a result of which the superiority had passed to the Russian +side. Though the condition and numbers of the French army were unknown +to the Russians, as soon as that change occurred the need of attacking +at once showed itself by countless signs. These signs were Lauristons +mission the abundance of provisions at Tartino the reports coming in +from all sides of the inactivity and disorder of the French the flow of +recruits to our regiments the fine weather the long rest the Russian +soldiers had enjoyed, and the impatience to do what they had been +assembled for, which usually shows itself in an army that has been +resting curiosity as to what the French army, so long lost sight of, +was doing the boldness with which our outposts now scouted close up to +the French stationed at Tartino the news of easy successes gained by +peasants and guerrilla troops over the French, the envy aroused by this +the desire for revenge that lay in the heart of every Russian as long as +the French were in Moscow, and (above all) a dim consciousness in every +soldiers mind that the relative strength of the armies had changed and +that the advantage was now on our side. There was a substantial change +in the relative strength, and an advance had become inevitable. And at +once, as a clock begins to strike and chime as soon as the minute hand +has completed a full circle, this change was shown by an increased +activity, whirring, and chiming in the higher spheres. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +The Russian army was commanded by Kutzov and his staff, and also by the +Emperor from Petersburg. Before the news of the abandonment of Moscow +had been received in Petersburg, a detailed plan of the whole campaign +had been drawn up and sent to Kutzov for his guidance. Though this plan +had been drawn up on the supposition that Moscow was still in our hands, +it was approved by the staff and accepted as a basis for action. +Kutzov only replied that movements arranged from a distance were always +difficult to execute. So fresh instructions were sent for the solution +of difficulties that might be encountered, as well as fresh people who +were to watch Kutzovs actions and report upon them. + +Besides this, the whole staff of the Russian army was now reorganized. +The posts left vacant by Bagratin, who had been killed, and by +Barclay, who had gone away in dudgeon, had to be filled. Very serious +consideration was given to the question whether it would be better to +put A in Bs place and B in Ds, or on the contrary to put D in As +place, and so onas if anything more than As or Bs satisfaction +depended on this. + +As a result of the hostility between Kutzov and Bennigsen, his Chief of +Staff, the presence of confidential representatives of the Emperor, and +these transfers, a more than usually complicated play of parties +was going on among the staff of the army. A was undermining B, D was +undermining C, and so on in all possible combinations and permutations. +In all these plottings the subject of intrigue was generally the conduct +of the war, which all these men believed they were directing but this +affair of the war went on independently of them, as it had to go +that is, never in the way people devised, but flowing always from the +essential attitude of the masses. Only in the highest spheres did +all these schemes, crossings, and interminglings appear to be a true +reflection of what had to happen. + + +Prince Michael Ilarinovich! (wrote the Emperor on the second of October +in a letter that reached Kutzov after the battle at Tartino) Since +September 2 Moscow has been in the hands of the enemy. Your last reports +were written on the twentieth, and during all this time not only has +no action been taken against the enemy or for the relief of the ancient +capital, but according to your last report you have even retreated +farther. Srpukhov is already occupied by an enemy detachment and Tla +with its famous arsenal so indispensable to the army, is in danger. +From General Wintzingerodes reports, I see that an enemy corps of ten +thousand men is moving on the Petersburg road. Another corps of several +thousand men is moving on Dmtrov. A third has advanced along the +Vladmir road, and a fourth, rather considerable detachment is stationed +between Rza and Mozhysk. Napoleon himself was in Moscow as late as +the twenty-fifth. In view of all this information, when the enemy has +scattered his forces in large detachments, and with Napoleon and his +Guards in Moscow, is it possible that the enemys forces confronting you +are so considerable as not to allow of your taking the offensive? On the +contrary, he is probably pursuing you with detachments, or at most with +an army corps much weaker than the army entrusted to you. It would seem +that, availing yourself of these circumstances, you might advantageously +attack a weaker one and annihilate him, or at least oblige him to +retreat, retaining in our hands an important part of the provinces now +occupied by the enemy, and thereby averting danger from Tla and other +towns in the interior. You will be responsible if the enemy is able to +direct a force of any size against Petersburg to threaten this capital +in which it has not been possible to retain many troops for with the +army entrusted to you, and acting with resolution and energy, you have +ample means to avert this fresh calamity. Remember that you have still +to answer to our offended country for the loss of Moscow. You have +experienced my readiness to reward you. That readiness will not weaken +in me, but I and Russia have a right to expect from you all the zeal, +firmness, and success which your intellect, military talent, and the +courage of the troops you command justify us in expecting. + + +But by the time this letter, which proved that the real relation of +the forces had already made itself felt in Petersburg, was dispatched, +Kutzov had found himself unable any longer to restrain the army he +commanded from attacking and a battle had taken place. + +On the second of October a Cossack, Shapovlov, who was out scouting, +killed one hare and wounded another. Following the wounded hare he made +his way far into the forest and came upon the left flank of Murats +army, encamped there without any precautions. The Cossack laughingly +told his comrades how he had almost fallen into the hands of the French. +A cornet, hearing the story, informed his commander. + +The Cossack was sent for and questioned. The Cossack officers wished +to take advantage of this chance to capture some horses, but one of +the superior officers, who was acquainted with the higher authorities, +reported the incident to a general on the staff. The state of things on +the staff had of late been exceedingly strained. Ermlov had been to +see Bennigsen a few days previously and had entreated him to use +his influence with the commander in chief to induce him to take the +offensive. + +If I did not know you I should think you did not want what you are +asking for. I need only advise anything and his Highness is sure to do +the opposite, replied Bennigsen. + +The Cossacks report, confirmed by horse patrols who were sent out, was +the final proof that events had matured. The tightly coiled spring was +released, the clock began to whirr and the chimes to play. Despite all +his supposed power, his intellect, his experience, and his knowledge +of men, Kutzovhaving taken into consideration the Cossacks report, a +note from Bennigsen who sent personal reports to the Emperor, the wishes +he supposed the Emperor to hold, and the fact that all the generals +expressed the same wishcould no longer check the inevitable movement, +and gave the order to do what he regarded as useless and harmfulgave +his approval, that is, to the accomplished fact. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Bennigsens note and the Cossacks information that the left flank +of the French was unguarded were merely final indications that it was +necessary to order an attack, and it was fixed for the fifth of October. + +On the morning of the fourth of October Kutzov signed the dispositions. +Toll read them to Ermlov, asking him to attend to the further +arrangements. + +All rightall right. I havent time just now, replied Ermlov, and +left the hut. + +The dispositions drawn up by Toll were very good. As in the Austerlitz +dispositions, it was writtenthough not in German this time + +The First Column will march here and here, the Second Column will +march there and there, and so on and on paper, all these columns +arrived at their places at the appointed time and destroyed the enemy. +Everything had been admirably thought out as is usual in dispositions, +and as is always the case, not a single column reached its place at the +appointed time. + +When the necessary number of copies of the dispositions had been +prepared, an officer was summoned and sent to deliver them to Ermlov +to deal with. A young officer of the Horse Guards, Kutzovs orderly, +pleased at the importance of the mission entrusted to him, went to +Ermlovs quarters. + +Gone away, said Ermlovs orderly. + +The officer of the Horse Guards went to a general with whom Ermlov was +often to be found. + +No, and the generals out too. + +The officer, mounting his horse, rode off to someone else. + +No, hes gone out. + +If only they dont make me responsible for this delay! What a nuisance +it is! thought the officer, and he rode round the whole camp. One man +said he had seen Ermlov ride past with some other generals, others said +he must have returned home. The officer searched till six oclock in the +evening without even stopping to eat. Ermlov was nowhere to be found +and no one knew where he was. The officer snatched a little food at +a comrades, and rode again to the vanguard to find Milordovich. +Milordovich too was away, but here he was told that he had gone to a +ball at General Kkins and that Ermlov was probably there too. + +But where is it? + +Why, there, over at chkino, said a Cossack officer, pointing to a +country house in the far distance. + +What, outside our line? + +Theyve put two regiments as outposts, and theyre having such a spree +there, its awful! Two bands and three sets of singers! + +The officer rode out beyond our lines to chkino. While still at a +distance he heard as he rode the merry sounds of a soldiers dance song +proceeding from the house. + +In the meadows... in the meadows! he heard, accompanied by whistling +and the sound of a torban, drowned every now and then by shouts. These +sounds made his spirits rise, but at the same time he was afraid that +he would be blamed for not having executed sooner the important order +entrusted to him. It was already past eight oclock. He dismounted +and went up into the porch of a large country house which had remained +intact between the Russian and French forces. In the refreshment room +and the hall, footmen were bustling about with wine and viands. Groups +of singers stood outside the windows. The officer was admitted and +immediately saw all the chief generals of the army together, and among +them Ermlovs big imposing figure. They all had their coats unbuttoned +and were standing in a semicircle with flushed and animated faces, +laughing loudly. In the middle of the room a short handsome general with +a red face was dancing the trepk with much spirit and agility. + +Ha, ha, ha! Bravo, Nicholas Ivnych! Ha, ha, ha! + +The officer felt that by arriving with important orders at such a moment +he was doubly to blame, and he would have preferred to wait but one of +the generals espied him and, hearing what he had come about, informed +Ermlov. + +Ermlov came forward with a frown on his face and, hearing what the +officer had to say, took the papers from him without a word. + + +You think he went off just by chance? said a comrade, who was on the +staff that evening, to the officer of the Horse Guards, referring to +Ermlov. It was a trick. It was done on purpose to get Konovntsyn into +trouble. Youll see what a mess therell be tomorrow. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Next day the decrepit Kutzov, having given orders to be called early, +said his prayers, dressed, and, with an unpleasant consciousness of +having to direct a battle he did not approve of, got into his calche +and drove from Letashvka (a village three and a half miles from +Tartino) to the place where the attacking columns were to meet. He sat +in the calche, dozing and waking up by turns, and listening for any +sound of firing on the right as an indication that the action had begun. +But all was still quiet. A damp dull autumn morning was just dawning. On +approaching Tartino Kutzov noticed cavalrymen leading their horses to +water across the road along which he was driving. Kutzov looked at +them searchingly, stopped his carriage, and inquired what regiment they +belonged to. They belonged to a column that should have been far in +front and in ambush long before then. It may be a mistake, thought +the old commander in chief. But a little further on he saw infantry +regiments with their arms piled and the soldiers, only partly dressed, +eating their rye porridge and carrying fuel. He sent for an officer. The +officer reported that no order to advance had been received. + +How! Not rec... Kutzov began, but checked himself immediately and +sent for a senior officer. Getting out of his calche, he waited with +drooping head and breathing heavily, pacing silently up and down. When +Ekhen, the officer of the general staff whom he had summoned, appeared, +Kutzov went purple in the face, not because that officer was to blame +for the mistake, but because he was an object of sufficient importance +for him to vent his wrath on. Trembling and panting the old man fell +into that state of fury in which he sometimes used to roll on the +ground, and he fell upon Ekhen, threatening him with his hands, +shouting and loading him with gross abuse. Another man, Captain Brzin, +who happened to turn up and who was not at all to blame, suffered the +same fate. + +What sort of another blackguard are you? Ill have you shot! +Scoundrels! yelled Kutzov in a hoarse voice, waving his arms and +reeling. + +He was suffering physically. He, the commander in chief, a Serene +Highness who everybody said possessed powers such as no man had ever had +in Russia, to be placed in this positionmade the laughingstock of the +whole army! I neednt have been in such a hurry to pray about today, +or have kept awake thinking everything over all night, thought he to +himself. When I was a chit of an officer no one would have dared to +mock me so... and now! He was in a state of physical suffering as if +from corporal punishment, and could not avoid expressing it by cries of +anger and distress. But his strength soon began to fail him, and looking +about him, conscious of having said much that was amiss, he again got +into his calche and drove back in silence. + +His wrath, once expended, did not return, and blinking feebly he +listened to excuses and self-justifications (Ermlov did not come to see +him till the next day) and to the insistence of Bennigsen, Konovntsyn, +and Toll that the movement that had miscarried should be executed next +day. And once more Kutzov had to consent. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Next day the troops assembled in their appointed places in the evening +and advanced during the night. It was an autumn night with dark purple +clouds, but no rain. The ground was damp but not muddy, and the troops +advanced noiselessly, only occasionally a jingling of the artillery +could be faintly heard. The men were forbidden to talk out loud, to +smoke their pipes, or to strike a light, and they tried to prevent their +horses neighing. The secrecy of the undertaking heightened its charm +and they marched gaily. Some columns, supposing they had reached their +destination, halted, piled arms, and settled down on the cold ground, +but the majority marched all night and arrived at places where they +evidently should not have been. + +Only Count Orlv-Densov with his Cossacks (the least important +detachment of all) got to his appointed place at the right time. This +detachment halted at the outskirts of a forest, on the path leading from +the village of Stromlova to Dmtrovsk. + +Toward dawn, Count Orlv-Densov, who had dozed off, was awakened by a +deserter from the French army being brought to him. This was a Polish +sergeant of Poniatowskis corps, who explained in Polish that he had +come over because he had been slighted in the service that he ought +long ago to have been made an officer, that he was braver than any of +them, and so he had left them and wished to pay them out. He said that +Murat was spending the night less than a mile from where they were, +and that if they would let him have a convoy of a hundred men he would +capture him alive. Count Orlv-Densov consulted his fellow officers. + +The offer was too tempting to be refused. Everyone volunteered to go and +everybody advised making the attempt. After much disputing and arguing, +Major-General Grkov with two Cossack regiments decided to go with the +Polish sergeant. + +Now, remember, said Count Orlv-Densov to the sergeant at parting, +if you have been lying Ill have you hanged like a dog but if its +true you shall have a hundred gold pieces! + +Without replying, the sergeant, with a resolute air, mounted and rode +away with Grkov whose men had quickly assembled. They disappeared into +the forest, and Count Orlv-Densov, having seen Grkov off, returned, +shivering from the freshness of the early dawn and excited by what he +had undertaken on his own responsibility, and began looking at the enemy +camp, now just visible in the deceptive light of dawn and the dying +campfires. Our columns ought to have begun to appear on an open +declivity to his right. He looked in that direction, but though the +columns would have been visible quite far off, they were not to be seen. +It seemed to the count that things were beginning to stir in the French +camp, and his keen-sighted adjutant confirmed this. + +Oh, it is really too late, said Count Orlv, looking at the camp. + +As often happens when someone we have trusted is no longer before +our eyes, it suddenly seemed quite clear and obvious to him that the +sergeant was an impostor, that he had lied, and that the whole Russian +attack would be ruined by the absence of those two regiments, which +he would lead away heaven only knew where. How could one capture a +commander in chief from among such a mass of troops! + +I am sure that rascal was lying, said the count. + +They can still be called back, said one of his suite, who like Count +Orlv felt distrustful of the adventure when he looked at the enemys +camp. + +Eh? Really... what do you think? Should we let them go on or not? + +Will you have them fetched back? + +Fetch them back, fetch them back! said Count Orlv with sudden +determination, looking at his watch. It will be too late. It is quite +light. + +And the adjutant galloped through the forest after Grkov. When Grkov +returned, Count Orlv-Densov, excited both by the abandoned attempt and +by vainly awaiting the infantry columns that still did not appear, as +well as by the proximity of the enemy, resolved to advance. All his men +felt the same excitement. + +Mount! he commanded in a whisper. The men took their places and +crossed themselves.... Forward, with Gods aid! + +Hurrah-ah-ah! reverberated in the forest, and the Cossack companies, +trailing their lances and advancing one after another as if poured out +of a sack, dashed gaily across the brook toward the camp. + +One desperate, frightened yell from the first French soldier who saw the +Cossacks, and all who were in the camp, undressed and only just waking +up, ran off in all directions, abandoning cannons, muskets, and horses. + +Had the Cossacks pursued the French, without heeding what was behind and +around them, they would have captured Murat and everything there. +That was what the officers desired. But it was impossible to make the +Cossacks budge when once they had got booty and prisoners. None of them +listened to orders. Fifteen hundred prisoners and thirty-eight guns were +taken on the spot, besides standards and (what seemed most important to +the Cossacks) horses, saddles, horsecloths, and the like. All this had +to be dealt with, the prisoners and guns secured, the booty dividednot +without some shouting and even a little fighting among themselvesand it +was on this that the Cossacks all busied themselves. + +The French, not being farther pursued, began to recover themselves they +formed into detachments and began firing. Orlv-Densov, still waiting +for the other columns to arrive, advanced no further. + +Meantime, according to the dispositions which said that the First +Column will march and so on, the infantry of the belated columns, +commanded by Bennigsen and directed by Toll, had started in due order +and, as always happens, had got somewhere, but not to their appointed +places. As always happens the men, starting cheerfully, began to halt +murmurs were heard, there was a sense of confusion, and finally a +backward movement. Adjutants and generals galloped about, shouted, grew +angry, quarreled, said they had come quite wrong and were late, gave +vent to a little abuse, and at last gave it all up and went forward, +simply to get somewhere. We shall get somewhere or other! And they did +indeed get somewhere, though not to their right places a few eventually +even got to their right place, but too late to be of any use and only +in time to be fired at. Toll, who in this battle played the part of +Weyrother at Austerlitz, galloped assiduously from place to place, +finding everything upside down everywhere. Thus he stumbled on Bagovts +corps in a wood when it was already broad daylight, though the corps +should long before have joined Orlv-Densov. Excited and vexed by the +failure and supposing that someone must be responsible for it, Toll +galloped up to the commander of the corps and began upbraiding him +severely, saying that he ought to be shot. General Bagovt, a fighting +old soldier of placid temperament, being also upset by all the delay, +confusion, and cross-purposes, fell into a rage to everybodys surprise +and quite contrary to his usual character and said disagreeable things +to Toll. + +I prefer not to take lessons from anyone, but I can die with my men as +well as anybody, he said, and advanced with a single division. + +Coming out onto a field under the enemys fire, this brave general went +straight ahead, leading his men under fire, without considering in his +agitation whether going into action now, with a single division, would +be of any use or no. Danger, cannon balls, and bullets were just what he +needed in his angry mood. One of the first bullets killed him, and other +bullets killed many of his men. And his division remained under fire for +some time quite uselessly. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Meanwhile another column was to have attacked the French from the front, +but Kutzov accompanied that column. He well knew that nothing but +confusion would come of this battle undertaken against his will, and as +far as was in his power held the troops back. He did not advance. + +He rode silently on his small gray horse, indolently answering +suggestions that they should attack. + +The word attack is always on your tongue, but you dont see that we are +unable to execute complicated maneuvers, said he to Milordovich who +asked permission to advance. + +We couldnt take Murat prisoner this morning or get to the place in +time, and nothing can be done now! he replied to someone else. + +When Kutzov was informed that at the French rearwhere according to the +reports of the Cossacks there had previously been nobodythere were now +two battalions of Poles, he gave a sidelong glance at Ermlov who was +behind him and to whom he had not spoken since the previous day. + +You see! They are asking to attack and making plans of all kinds, +but as soon as one gets to business nothing is ready, and the enemy, +forewarned, takes measures accordingly. + +Ermlov screwed up his eyes and smiled faintly on hearing these words. +He understood that for him the storm had blown over, and that Kutzov +would content himself with that hint. + +Hes having a little fun at my expense, said Ermlov softly, nudging +with his knee Ravski who was at his side. + +Soon after this, Ermlov moved up to Kutzov and respectfully remarked + +It is not too late yet, your Highnessthe enemy has not gone awayif +you were to order an attack! If not, the Guards will not so much as see +a little smoke. + +Kutzov did not reply, but when they reported to him that Murats troops +were in retreat he ordered an advance, though at every hundred paces he +halted for three quarters of an hour. + +The whole battle consisted in what Orlv-Densovs Cossacks had done +the rest of the army merely lost some hundreds of men uselessly. + +In consequence of this battle Kutzov received a diamond decoration, +and Bennigsen some diamonds and a hundred thousand rubles, others also +received pleasant recognitions corresponding to their various grades, +and following the battle fresh changes were made in the staff. + +Thats how everything is done with us, all topsy-turvy! said the +Russian officers and generals after the Tartino battle, letting it be +understood that some fool there is doing things all wrong but that +we ourselves should not have done so, just as people speak today. But +people who talk like that either do not know what they are talking about +or deliberately deceive themselves. No battleTartino, Borodin, or +Austerlitztakes place as those who planned it anticipated. That is an +essential condition. + +A countless number of free forces (for nowhere is man freer than during +a battle, where it is a question of life and death) influence the course +taken by the fight, and that course never can be known in advance and +never coincides with the direction of any one force. + +If many simultaneously and variously directed forces act on a given +body, the direction of its motion cannot coincide with any one of those +forces, but will always be a meanwhat in mechanics is represented by +the diagonal of a parallelogram of forces. + +If in the descriptions given by historians, especially French ones, we +find their wars and battles carried out in accordance with previously +formed plans, the only conclusion to be drawn is that those descriptions +are false. + +The battle of Tartino obviously did not attain the aim Toll had in +viewto lead the troops into action in the order prescribed by the +dispositions nor that which Count Orlv-Densov may have had in viewto +take Murat prisoner nor the result of immediately destroying the whole +corps, which Bennigsen and others may have had in view nor the aim of +the officer who wished to go into action to distinguish himself nor +that of the Cossack who wanted more booty than he got, and so on. But +if the aim of the battle was what actually resulted and what all the +Russians of that day desiredto drive the French out of Russia and +destroy their armyit is quite clear that the battle of Tartino, just +because of its incongruities, was exactly what was wanted at that stage +of the campaign. It would be difficult and even impossible to imagine +any result more opportune than the actual outcome of this battle. With +a minimum of effort and insignificant losses, despite the greatest +confusion, the most important results of the whole campaign were +attained the transition from retreat to advance, an exposure of the +weakness of the French, and the administration of that shock which +Napoleons army had only awaited to begin its flight. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Napoleon enters Moscow after the brilliant victory de la Moskowa there +can be no doubt about the victory for the battlefield remains in the +hands of the French. The Russians retreat and abandon their ancient +capital. Moscow, abounding in provisions, arms, munitions, and +incalculable wealth, is in Napoleons hands. The Russian army, only half +the strength of the French, does not make a single attempt to attack for +a whole month. Napoleons position is most brilliant. He can either fall +on the Russian army with double its strength and destroy it negotiate +an advantageous peace, or in case of a refusal make a menacing move on +Petersburg, or even, in the case of a reverse, return to Smolnsk or +Vlna or remain in Moscow in short, no special genius would seem to be +required to retain the brilliant position the French held at that time. +For that, only very simple and easy steps were necessary not to allow +the troops to loot, to prepare winter clothingof which there was +sufficient in Moscow for the whole armyand methodically to collect the +provisions, of which (according to the French historians) there were +enough in Moscow to supply the whole army for six months. Yet Napoleon, +that greatest of all geniuses, who the historians declare had control of +the army, took none of these steps. + +He not merely did nothing of the kind, but on the contrary he used his +power to select the most foolish and ruinous of all the courses open +to him. Of all that Napoleon might have done wintering in Moscow, +advancing on Petersburg or on Nzhni-Nvgorod, or retiring by a more +northerly or more southerly route (say by the road Kutzov afterwards +took), nothing more stupid or disastrous can be imagined than what he +actually did. He remained in Moscow till October, letting the troops +plunder the city then, hesitating whether to leave a garrison behind +him, he quitted Moscow, approached Kutzov without joining battle, +turned to the right and reached Mlo-Yaroslvets, again without +attempting to break through and take the road Kutzov took, but retiring +instead to Mozhysk along the devastated Smolnsk road. Nothing more +stupid than that could have been devised, or more disastrous for the +army, as the sequel showed. Had Napoleons aim been to destroy his army, +the most skillful strategist could hardly have devised any series +of actions that would so completely have accomplished that purpose, +independently of anything the Russian army might do. + +Napoleon, the man of genius, did this! But to say that he destroyed his +army because he wished to, or because he was very stupid, would be as +unjust as to say that he had brought his troops to Moscow because he +wished to and because he was very clever and a genius. + +In both cases his personal activity, having no more force than the +personal activity of any soldier, merely coincided with the laws that +guided the event. + +The historians quite falsely represent Napoleons faculties as having +weakened in Moscow, and do so only because the results did not justify +his actions. He employed all his ability and strength to do the best he +could for himself and his army, as he had done previously and as he did +subsequently in 1813. His activity at that time was no less astounding +than it was in Egypt, in Italy, in Austria, and in Prussia. We do not +know for certain in how far his genius was genuine in Egyptwhere forty +centuries looked down upon his grandeurfor his great exploits there are +all told us by Frenchmen. We cannot accurately estimate his genius in +Austria or Prussia, for we have to draw our information from French +or German sources, and the incomprehensible surrender of whole corps +without fighting and of fortresses without a siege must incline Germans +to recognize his genius as the only explanation of the war carried on +in Germany. But we, thank God, have no need to recognize his genius +in order to hide our shame. We have paid for the right to look at the +matter plainly and simply, and we will not abandon that right. + +His activity in Moscow was as amazing and as full of genius as +elsewhere. Order after order and plan after plan were issued by him +from the time he entered Moscow till the time he left it. The absence +of citizens and of a deputation, and even the burning of Moscow, did not +disconcert him. He did not lose sight either of the welfare of his +army or of the doings of the enemy, or of the welfare of the people +of Russia, or of the direction of affairs in Paris, or of diplomatic +considerations concerning the terms of the anticipated peace. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +With regard to military matters, Napoleon immediately on his entry into +Moscow gave General Sabastiani strict orders to observe the movements +of the Russian army, sent army corps out along the different roads, and +charged Murat to find Kutzov. Then he gave careful directions about the +fortification of the Krmlin, and drew up a brilliant plan for a future +campaign over the whole map of Russia. + +With regard to diplomatic questions, Napoleon summoned Captain Ykovlev, +who had been robbed and was in rags and did not know how to get out of +Moscow, minutely explained to him his whole policy and his magnanimity, +and having written a letter to the Emperor Alexander in which he +considered it his duty to inform his Friend and Brother that Rostopchn +had managed affairs badly in Moscow, he dispatched Ykovlev to +Petersburg. + +Having similarly explained his views and his magnanimity to Tutlmin, he +dispatched that old man also to Petersburg to negotiate. + +With regard to legal matters, immediately after the fires he gave orders +to find and execute the incendiaries. And the scoundrel Rostopchn was +punished by an order to burn down his houses. + +With regard to administrative matters, Moscow was granted a +constitution. A municipality was established and the following +announcement issued + + +INHABITANTS OF MOSCOW! + +Your misfortunes are cruel, but His Majesty the Emperor and King +desires to arrest their course. Terrible examples have taught you how he +punishes disobedience and crime. Strict measures have been taken to +put an end to disorder and to re-establish public security. A +paternal administration, chosen from among yourselves, will form your +municipality or city government. It will take care of you, of your +needs, and of your welfare. Its members will be distinguished by a red +ribbon worn across the shoulder, and the mayor of the city will wear +a white belt as well. But when not on duty they will only wear a red +ribbon round the left arm. + +The city police is established on its former footing, and better order +already prevails in consequence of its activity. The government has +appointed two commissaries general, or chiefs of police, and twenty +commissaries or captains of wards have been appointed to the different +wards of the city. You will recognize them by the white ribbon they will +wear on the left arm. Several churches of different denominations are +open, and divine service is performed in them unhindered. Your fellow +citizens are returning every day to their homes and orders have been +given that they should find in them the help and protection due to +their misfortunes. These are the measures the government has adopted to +re-establish order and relieve your condition. But to achieve this +aim it is necessary that you should add your efforts and should, if +possible, forget the misfortunes you have suffered, should entertain +the hope of a less cruel fate, should be certain that inevitable and +ignominious death awaits those who make any attempt on your persons or +on what remains of your property, and finally that you should not doubt +that these will be safeguarded, since such is the will of the greatest +and most just of monarchs. Soldiers and citizens, of whatever nation you +may be, re-establish public confidence, the source of the welfare of +a state, live like brothers, render mutual aid and protection one to +another, unite to defeat the intentions of the evil-minded, obey the +military and civil authorities, and your tears will soon cease to flow! + + +With regard to supplies for the army, Napoleon decreed that all the +troops in turn should enter Moscow la maraude * to obtain provisions +for themselves, so that the army might have its future provided for. + + * As looters. + +With regard to religion, Napoleon ordered the priests to be brought back +and services to be again performed in the churches. + +With regard to commerce and to provisioning the army, the following was +placarded everywhere + +PROCLAMATION + +You, peaceful inhabitants of Moscow, artisans and workmen whom +misfortune has driven from the city, and you scattered tillers of +the soil, still kept out in the fields by groundless fear, listen! +Tranquillity is returning to this capital and order is being restored in +it. Your fellow countrymen are emerging boldly from their hiding places +on finding that they are respected. Any violence to them or to their +property is promptly punished. His Majesty the Emperor and King protects +them, and considers no one among you his enemy except those who disobey +his orders. He desires to end your misfortunes and restore you to your +homes and families. Respond, therefore, to his benevolent intentions +and come to us without fear. Inhabitants, return with confidence to your +abodes! You will soon find means of satisfying your needs. Craftsmen +and industrious artisans, return to your work, your houses, your shops, +where the protection of guards awaits you! You shall receive proper pay +for your work. And lastly you too, peasants, come from the forests where +you are hiding in terror, return to your huts without fear, in full +assurance that you will find protection! Markets are established in the +city where peasants can bring their surplus supplies and the products of +the soil. The government has taken the following steps to ensure freedom +of sale for them (1) From today, peasants, husbandmen, and those +living in the neighborhood of Moscow may without any danger bring their +supplies of all kinds to two appointed markets, of which one is on +the Mokhovya Street and the other at the Provision Market. (2) Such +supplies will be bought from them at such prices as seller and buyer may +agree on, and if a seller is unable to obtain a fair price he will be +free to take his goods back to his village and no one may hinder him +under any pretense. (3) Sunday and Wednesday of each week are appointed +as the chief market days and to that end a sufficient number of troops +will be stationed along the highroads on Tuesdays and Saturdays at such +distances from the town as to protect the carts. (4) Similar measures +will be taken that peasants with their carts and horses may meet with no +hindrance on their return journey. (5) Steps will immediately be taken +to re-establish ordinary trading. + +Inhabitants of the city and villages, and you, workingmen and artisans, +to whatever nation you belong, you are called on to carry out the +paternal intentions of His Majesty the Emperor and King and to +co-operate with him for the public welfare! Lay your respect and +confidence at his feet and do not delay to unite with us! + + +With the object of raising the spirits of the troops and of the people, +reviews were constantly held and rewards distributed. The Emperor +rode through the streets to comfort the inhabitants, and, despite his +preoccupation with state affairs, himself visited the theaters that were +established by his order. + +In regard to philanthropy, the greatest virtue of crowned heads, +Napoleon also did all in his power. He caused the words Maison de ma +Mre to be inscribed on the charitable institutions, thereby combining +tender filial affection with the majestic benevolence of a monarch. He +visited the Foundling Hospital and, allowing the orphans saved by him +to kiss his white hands, graciously conversed with Tutlmin. Then, as +Thiers eloquently recounts, he ordered his soldiers to be paid in forged +Russian money which he had prepared Raising the use of these means +by an act worthy of himself and of the French army, he let relief +be distributed to those who had been burned out. But as food was too +precious to be given to foreigners, who were for the most part enemies, +Napoleon preferred to supply them with money with which to purchase food +from outside, and had paper rubles distributed to them. + +With reference to army discipline, orders were continually being issued +to inflict severe punishment for the nonperformance of military duties +and to suppress robbery. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +But strange to say, all these measures, efforts, and planswhich were +not at all worse than others issued in similar circumstancesdid not +affect the essence of the matter but, like the hands of a clock detached +from the mechanism, swung about in an arbitrary and aimless way without +engaging the cogwheels. + +With reference to the military sidethe plan of campaignthat work of +genius of which Thiers remarks that, His genius never devised anything +more profound, more skillful, or more admirable, and enters into a +polemic with M. Fain to prove that this work of genius must be referred +not to the fourth but to the fifteenth of Octoberthat plan never was or +could be executed, for it was quite out of touch with the facts of the +case. The fortifying of the Krmlin, for which la Mosque (as Napoleon +termed the church of Basil the Beatified) was to have been razed to +the ground, proved quite useless. The mining of the Krmlin only helped +toward fulfilling Napoleons wish that it should be blown up when he +left Moscowas a child wants the floor on which he has hurt himself to +be beaten. The pursuit of the Russian army, about which Napoleon was so +concerned, produced an unheard-of result. The French generals lost touch +with the Russian army of sixty thousand men, and according to Thiers it +was only eventually found, like a lost pin, by the skilland apparently +the geniusof Murat. + +With reference to diplomacy, all Napoleons arguments as to his +magnanimity and justice, both to Tutlmin and to Ykovlev (whose chief +concern was to obtain a greatcoat and a conveyance), proved useless +Alexander did not receive these envoys and did not reply to their +embassage. + +With regard to legal matters, after the execution of the supposed +incendiaries the rest of Moscow burned down. + +With regard to administrative matters, the establishment of a +municipality did not stop the robberies and was only of use to certain +people who formed part of that municipality and under pretext of +preserving order looted Moscow or saved their own property from being +looted. + +With regard to religion, as to which in Egypt matters had so easily been +settled by Napoleons visit to a mosque, no results were achieved. +Two or three priests who were found in Moscow did try to carry out +Napoleons wish, but one of them was slapped in the face by a French +soldier while conducting service, and a French official reported of +another that The priest whom I found and invited to say Mass cleaned +and locked up the church. That night the doors were again broken +open, the padlocks smashed, the books mutilated, and other disorders +perpetrated. + +With reference to commerce, the proclamation to industrious workmen and +to peasants evoked no response. There were no industrious workmen, and +the peasants caught the commissaries who ventured too far out of town +with the proclamation and killed them. + +As to the theaters for the entertainment of the people and the troops, +these did not meet with success either. The theaters set up in the +Krmlin and in Posnykovs house were closed again at once because the +actors and actresses were robbed. + +Even philanthropy did not have the desired effect. The genuine as +well as the false paper money which flooded Moscow lost its value. The +French, collecting booty, cared only for gold. Not only was the +paper money valueless which Napoleon so graciously distributed to the +unfortunate, but even silver lost its value in relation to gold. + +But the most amazing example of the ineffectiveness of the orders given +by the authorities at that time was Napoleons attempt to stop the +looting and re-establish discipline. + +This is what the army authorities were reporting + +Looting continues in the city despite the decrees against it. Order +is not yet restored and not a single merchant is carrying on trade in a +lawful manner. The sutlers alone venture to trade, and they sell stolen +goods. + +The neighborhood of my ward continues to be pillaged by soldiers of +the 3rd Corps who, not satisfied with taking from the unfortunate +inhabitants hiding in the cellars the little they have left, even have +the ferocity to wound them with their sabers, as I have repeatedly +witnessed. + +Nothing new, except that the soldiers are robbing and pillagingOctober +9. + +Robbery and pillaging continue. There is a band of thieves in our +district who ought to be arrested by a strong forceOctober 11. + +The Emperor is extremely displeased that despite the strict orders to +stop pillage, parties of marauding Guards are continually seen returning +to the Krmlin. Among the Old Guard disorder and pillage were renewed +more violently than ever yesterday evening, last night, and today. The +Emperor sees with regret that the picked soldiers appointed to guard his +person, who should set an example of discipline, carry disobedience to +such a point that they break into the cellars and stores containing army +supplies. Others have disgraced themselves to the extent of disobeying +sentinels and officers, and have abused and beaten them. + +The Grand Marshal of the palace, wrote the governor, complains +bitterly that in spite of repeated orders, the soldiers continue to +commit nuisances in all the courtyards and even under the very windows +of the Emperor. + +That army, like a herd of cattle run wild and trampling underfoot the +provender which might have saved it from starvation, disintegrated and +perished with each additional day it remained in Moscow. But it did not +go away. + +It began to run away only when suddenly seized by a panic caused by the +capture of transport trains on the Smolnsk road, and by the battle of +Tartino. The news of that battle of Tartino, unexpectedly received +by Napoleon at a review, evoked in him a desire to punish the Russians +(Thiers says), and he issued the order for departure which the whole +army was demanding. + +Fleeing from Moscow the soldiers took with them everything they had +stolen. Napoleon, too, carried away his own personal trsor, but on +seeing the baggage trains that impeded the army, he was (Thiers says) +horror-struck. And yet with his experience of war he did not order all +the superfluous vehicles to be burned, as he had done with those of a +certain marshal when approaching Moscow. He gazed at the calches and +carriages in which soldiers were riding and remarked that it was a very +good thing, as those vehicles could be used to carry provisions, the +sick, and the wounded. + +The plight of the whole army resembled that of a wounded animal which +feels it is perishing and does not know what it is doing. To study the +skillful tactics and aims of Napoleon and his army from the time it +entered Moscow till it was destroyed is like studying the dying leaps +and shudders of a mortally wounded animal. Very often a wounded animal, +hearing a rustle, rushes straight at the hunters gun, runs forward and +back again, and hastens its own end. Napoleon, under pressure from his +whole army, did the same thing. The rustle of the battle of Tartino +frightened the beast, and it rushed forward onto the hunters gun, +reached him, turned back, and finallylike any wild beastran back along +the most disadvantageous and dangerous path, where the old scent was +familiar. + +During the whole of that period Napoleon, who seems to us to have been +the leader of all these movementsas the figurehead of a ship may seem +to a savage to guide the vesselacted like a child who, holding a couple +of strings inside a carriage, thinks he is driving it. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Early in the morning of the sixth of October Pierre went out of the +shed, and on returning stopped by the door to play with a little +blue-gray dog, with a long body and short bandy legs, that jumped about +him. This little dog lived in their shed, sleeping beside Karatev at +night it sometimes made excursions into the town but always returned +again. Probably it had never had an owner, and it still belonged to +nobody and had no name. The French called it Azor the soldier who +told stories called it Femglka Karatev and others called it Gray, or +sometimes Flabby. Its lack of a master, a name, or even of a breed or +any definite color did not seem to trouble the blue-gray dog in the +least. Its furry tail stood up firm and round as a plume, its bandy legs +served it so well that it would often gracefully lift a hind leg and run +very easily and quickly on three legs, as if disdaining to use all +four. Everything pleased it. Now it would roll on its back, yelping with +delight, now bask in the sun with a thoughtful air of importance, and +now frolic about playing with a chip of wood or a straw. + +Pierres attire by now consisted of a dirty torn shirt (the only +remnant of his former clothing), a pair of soldiers trousers which by +Karatevs advice he tied with string round the ankles for warmth, and +a peasant coat and cap. Physically he had changed much during this +time. He no longer seemed stout, though he still had the appearance of +solidity and strength hereditary in his family. A beard and mustache +covered the lower part of his face, and a tangle of hair, infested +with lice, curled round his head like a cap. The look of his eyes +was resolute, calm, and animatedly alert, as never before. The former +slackness which had shown itself even in his eyes was now replaced by an +energetic readiness for action and resistance. His feet were bare. + +Pierre first looked down the field across which vehicles and horsemen +were passing that morning, then into the distance across the river, then +at the dog who was pretending to be in earnest about biting him, +and then at his bare feet which he placed with pleasure in various +positions, moving his dirty thick big toes. Every time he looked at his +bare feet a smile of animated self-satisfaction flitted across his face. +The sight of them reminded him of all he had experienced and learned +during these weeks and this recollection was pleasant to him. + +For some days the weather had been calm and clear with slight frosts in +the morningswhat is called an old wives summer. + +In the sunshine the air was warm, and that warmth was particularly +pleasant with the invigorating freshness of the morning frost still in +the air. + +On everythingfar and nearlay the magic crystal glitter seen only at +that time of autumn. The Sparrow Hills were visible in the distance, +with the village, the church, and the large white house. The bare trees, +the sand, the bricks and roofs of the houses, the green church spire, +and the corners of the white house in the distance, all stood out in the +transparent air in most delicate outline and with unnatural clearness. +Near by could be seen the familiar ruins of a half-burned mansion +occupied by the French, with lilac bushes still showing dark green +beside the fence. And even that ruined and befouled housewhich in dull +weather was repulsively uglyseemed quietly beautiful now, in the clear, +motionless brilliance. + +A French corporal, with coat unbuttoned in a homely way, a skullcap on +his head, and a short pipe in his mouth, came from behind a corner of +the shed and approached Pierre with a friendly wink. + +What sunshine, Monsieur Kiril! (Their name for Pierre.) Eh? Just like +spring! + +And the corporal leaned against the door and offered Pierre his pipe, +though whenever he offered it Pierre always declined it. + +To be on the march in such weather... he began. + +Pierre inquired what was being said about leaving, and the corporal told +him that nearly all the troops were starting and there ought to be an +order about the prisoners that day. Sokolv, one of the soldiers in the +shed with Pierre, was dying, and Pierre told the corporal that something +should be done about him. The corporal replied that Pierre need not +worry about that as they had an ambulance and a permanent hospital and +arrangements would be made for the sick, and that in general everything +that could happen had been foreseen by the authorities. + +Besides, Monsieur Kiril, you have only to say a word to the captain, +you know. He is a man who never forgets anything. Speak to the captain +when he makes his round, he will do anything for you. + +(The captain of whom the corporal spoke often had long chats with Pierre +and showed him all sorts of favors.) + +You see, St. Thomas, he said to me the other day. Monsieur Kiril is +a man of education, who speaks French. He is a Russian seigneur who has +had misfortunes, but he is a man. He knows whats what.... If he wants +anything and asks me, he wont get a refusal. When one has studied, you +see, one likes education and well-bred people. It is for your sake I +mention it, Monsieur Kiril. The other day if it had not been for you +that affair would have ended ill. + +And after chatting a while longer, the corporal went away. (The affair +he had alluded to had happened a few days beforea fight between the +prisoners and the French soldiers, in which Pierre had succeeded in +pacifying his comrades.) Some of the prisoners who had heard Pierre +talking to the corporal immediately asked what the Frenchman had said. +While Pierre was repeating what he had been told about the army leaving +Moscow, a thin, sallow, tattered French soldier came up to the door of +the shed. Rapidly and timidly raising his fingers to his forehead by way +of greeting, he asked Pierre whether the soldier Platoche to whom he had +given a shirt to sew was in that shed. + +A week before the French had had boot leather and linen issued to them, +which they had given out to the prisoners to make up into boots and +shirts for them. + +Ready, ready, dear fellow! said Karatev, coming out with a neatly +folded shirt. + +Karatev, on account of the warm weather and for convenience at work, +was wearing only trousers and a tattered shirt as black as soot. His +hair was bound round, workman fashion, with a wisp of lime-tree bast, +and his round face seemed rounder and pleasanter than ever. + +A promise is own brother to performance! I said Friday and here it is, +ready, said Platn, smiling and unfolding the shirt he had sewn. + +The Frenchman glanced around uneasily and then, as if overcoming his +hesitation, rapidly threw off his uniform and put on the shirt. He had +a long, greasy, flowered silk waistcoat next to his sallow, thin bare +body, but no shirt. He was evidently afraid the prisoners looking on +would laugh at him, and thrust his head into the shirt hurriedly. None +of the prisoners said a word. + +See, it fits well! Platn kept repeating, pulling the shirt straight. + +The Frenchman, having pushed his head and hands through, without raising +his eyes, looked down at the shirt and examined the seams. + +You see, dear man, this is not a sewing shop, and I had no proper +tools and, as they say, one needs a tool even to kill a louse, said +Platn with one of his round smiles, obviously pleased with his work. + +Its good, quite good, thank you, said the Frenchman, in French, but +there must be some linen left over. + +It will fit better still when it sets to your body, said Karatev, +still admiring his handiwork. Youll be nice and comfortable.... + +Thanks, thanks, old fellow.... But the bits left over? said the +Frenchman again and smiled. He took out an assignation ruble note and +gave it to Karatev. But give me the pieces that are over. + +Pierre saw that Platn did not want to understand what the Frenchman +was saying, and he looked on without interfering. Karatev thanked the +Frenchman for the money and went on admiring his own work. The Frenchman +insisted on having the pieces returned that were left over and asked +Pierre to translate what he said. + +What does he want the bits for? said Karatev. Theyd make fine leg +bands for us. Well, never mind. + +And Karatev, with a suddenly changed and saddened expression, took +a small bundle of scraps from inside his shirt and gave it to the +Frenchman without looking at him. Oh dear! muttered Karatev and went +away. The Frenchman looked at the linen, considered for a moment, then +looked inquiringly at Pierre and, as if Pierres look had told him +something, suddenly blushed and shouted in a squeaky voice + +Platoche! Eh, Platoche! Keep them yourself! And handing back the odd +bits he turned and went out. + +There, look at that, said Karatev, swaying his head. People said +they were not Christians, but they too have souls. Its what the old +folk used to say A sweating hands an open hand, a dry hands close. +Hes naked, but yet hes given it back. + +Karatev smiled thoughtfully and was silent awhile looking at the +pieces. + +But theyll make grand leg bands, dear friend, he said, and went back +into the shed. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Four weeks had passed since Pierre had been taken prisoner and though +the French had offered to move him from the mens to the officers shed, +he had stayed in the shed where he was first put. + +In burned and devastated Moscow Pierre experienced almost the extreme +limits of privation a man can endure but thanks to his physical +strength and health, of which he had till then been unconscious, and +thanks especially to the fact that the privations came so gradually that +it was impossible to say when they began, he endured his position +not only lightly but joyfully. And just at this time he obtained the +tranquillity and ease of mind he had formerly striven in vain to reach. +He had long sought in different ways that tranquillity of mind, that +inner harmony which had so impressed him in the soldiers at the battle +of Borodin. He had sought it in philanthropy, in Freemasonry, in the +dissipations of town life, in wine, in heroic feats of self-sacrifice, +and in romantic love for Natsha he had sought it by reasoningand all +these quests and experiments had failed him. And now without thinking +about it he had found that peace and inner harmony only through the +horror of death, through privation, and through what he recognized in +Karatev. + +Those dreadful moments he had lived through at the executions had as it +were forever washed away from his imagination and memory the agitating +thoughts and feelings that had formerly seemed so important. It did +not now occur to him to think of Russia, or the war, or politics, or +Napoleon. It was plain to him that all these things were no business +of his, and that he was not called on to judge concerning them and +therefore could not do so. Russia and summer weather are not bound +together, he thought, repeating words of Karatevs which he found +strangely consoling. His intention of killing Napoleon and his +calculations of the cabalistic number of the beast of the Apocalypse now +seemed to him meaningless and even ridiculous. His anger with his wife +and anxiety that his name should not be smirched now seemed not merely +trivial but even amusing. What concern was it of his that somewhere or +other that woman was leading the life she preferred? What did it matter +to anybody, and especially to him, whether or not they found out that +their prisoners name was Count Bezkhov? + +He now often remembered his conversation with Prince Andrew and quite +agreed with him, though he understood Prince Andrews thoughts somewhat +differently. Prince Andrew had thought and said that happiness could +only be negative, but had said it with a shade of bitterness and irony +as though he was really saying that all desire for positive happiness is +implanted in us merely to torment us and never be satisfied. But Pierre +believed it without any mental reservation. The absence of suffering, +the satisfaction of ones needs and consequent freedom in the choice of +ones occupation, that is, of ones way of life, now seemed to Pierre to +be indubitably mans highest happiness. Here and now for the first time +he fully appreciated the enjoyment of eating when he wanted to eat, +drinking when he wanted to drink, sleeping when he wanted to sleep, of +warmth when he was cold, of talking to a fellow man when he wished to +talk and to hear a human voice. The satisfaction of ones needsgood +food, cleanliness, and freedomnow that he was deprived of all this, +seemed to Pierre to constitute perfect happiness and the choice +of occupation, that is, of his way of lifenow that that was so +restrictedseemed to him such an easy matter that he forgot that a +superfluity of the comforts of life destroys all joy in satisfying ones +needs, while great freedom in the choice of occupationsuch freedom as +his wealth, his education, and his social position had given him in his +own lifeis just what makes the choice of occupation insolubly difficult +and destroys the desire and possibility of having an occupation. + +All Pierres daydreams now turned on the time when he would be free. Yet +subsequently, and for the rest of his life, he thought and spoke with +enthusiasm of that month of captivity, of those irrecoverable, strong, +joyful sensations, and chiefly of the complete peace of mind and inner +freedom which he experienced only during those weeks. + +When on the first day he got up early, went out of the shed at dawn, and +saw the cupolas and crosses of the New Convent of the Virgin still dark +at first, the hoarfrost on the dusty grass, the Sparrow Hills, and the +wooded banks above the winding river vanishing in the purple distance, +when he felt the contact of the fresh air and heard the noise of the +crows flying from Moscow across the field, and when afterwards light +gleamed from the east and the suns rim appeared solemnly from behind a +cloud, and the cupolas and crosses, the hoarfrost, the distance and the +river, all began to sparkle in the glad lightPierre felt a new joy and +strength in life such as he had never before known. And this not only +stayed with him during the whole of his imprisonment, but even grew in +strength as the hardships of his position increased. + +That feeling of alertness and of readiness for anything was still +further strengthened in him by the high opinion his fellow prisoners +formed of him soon after his arrival at the shed. With his knowledge +of languages, the respect shown him by the French, his simplicity, his +readiness to give anything asked of him (he received the allowance +of three rubles a week made to officers) with his strength, which he +showed to the soldiers by pressing nails into the walls of the hut his +gentleness to his companions, and his capacity for sitting still and +thinking without doing anything (which seemed to them incomprehensible), +he appeared to them a rather mysterious and superior being. The very +qualities that had been a hindrance, if not actually harmful, to him in +the world he had lived inhis strength, his disdain for the comforts of +life, his absent-mindedness and simplicityhere among these people gave +him almost the status of a hero. And Pierre felt that their opinion +placed responsibilities upon him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +The French evacuation began on the night between the sixth and seventh +of October kitchens and sheds were dismantled, carts loaded, and troops +and baggage trains started. + +At seven in the morning a French convoy in marching trim, wearing shakos +and carrying muskets, knapsacks, and enormous sacks, stood in front +of the sheds, and animated French talk mingled with curses sounded all +along the lines. + +In the shed everyone was ready, dressed, belted, shod, and only awaited +the order to start. The sick soldier, Sokolv, pale and thin with dark +shadows round his eyes, alone sat in his place barefoot and not dressed. +His eyes, prominent from the emaciation of his face, gazed inquiringly +at his comrades who were paying no attention to him, and he moaned +regularly and quietly. It was evidently not so much his sufferings that +caused him to moan (he had dysentery) as his fear and grief at being +left alone. + +Pierre, girt with a rope round his waist and wearing shoes Karatev had +made for him from some leather a French soldier had torn off a tea chest +and brought to have his boots mended with, went up to the sick man and +squatted down beside him. + +You know, Sokolv, they are not all going away! They have a hospital +here. You may be better off than we others, said Pierre. + +O Lord! Oh, it will be the death of me! O Lord! moaned the man in a +louder voice. + +Ill go and ask them again directly, said Pierre, rising and going to +the door of the shed. + +Just as Pierre reached the door, the corporal who had offered him a +pipe the day before came up to it with two soldiers. The corporal and +soldiers were in marching kit with knapsacks and shakos that had metal +straps, and these changed their familiar faces. + +The corporal came, according to orders, to shut the door. The prisoners +had to be counted before being let out. + +Corporal, what will they do with the sick man?... Pierre began. + +But even as he spoke he began to doubt whether this was the corporal +he knew or a stranger, so unlike himself did the corporal seem at that +moment. Moreover, just as Pierre was speaking a sharp rattle of drums +was suddenly heard from both sides. The corporal frowned at Pierres +words and, uttering some meaningless oaths, slammed the door. The shed +became semidark, and the sharp rattle of the drums on two sides drowned +the sick mans groans. + +There it is!... It again!... said Pierre to himself, and an +involuntary shudder ran down his spine. In the corporals changed face, +in the sound of his voice, in the stirring and deafening noise of the +drums, he recognized that mysterious, callous force which compelled +people against their will to kill their fellow menthat force the effect +of which he had witnessed during the executions. To fear or to try to +escape that force, to address entreaties or exhortations to those who +served as its tools, was useless. Pierre knew this now. One had to wait +and endure. He did not again go to the sick man, nor turn to look at +him, but stood frowning by the door of the hut. + +When that door was opened and the prisoners, crowding against one +another like a flock of sheep, squeezed into the exit, Pierre pushed +his way forward and approached that very captain who as the corporal had +assured him was ready to do anything for him. The captain was also in +marching kit, and on his cold face appeared that same it which Pierre +had recognized in the corporals words and in the roll of the drums. + +Pass on, pass on! the captain reiterated, frowning sternly, and +looking at the prisoners who thronged past him. + +Pierre went up to him, though he knew his attempt would be vain. + +What now? the officer asked with a cold look as if not recognizing +Pierre. + +Pierre told him about the sick man. + +Hell manage to walk, devil take him! said the captain. Pass on, pass +on! he continued without looking at Pierre. + +But he is dying, Pierre again began. + +Be so good... shouted the captain, frowning angrily. + +Dram-da-da-dam, dam-dam... rattled the drums, and Pierre understood +that this mysterious force completely controlled these men and that it +was now useless to say any more. + +The officer prisoners were separated from the soldiers and told to march +in front. There were about thirty officers, with Pierre among them, and +about three hundred men. + +The officers, who had come from the other sheds, were all strangers to +Pierre and much better dressed than he. They looked at him and at his +shoes mistrustfully, as at an alien. Not far from him walked a fat major +with a sallow, bloated, angry face, who was wearing a Kazn dressing +gown tied round with a towel, and who evidently enjoyed the respect of +his fellow prisoners. He kept one hand, in which he clasped his tobacco +pouch, inside the bosom of his dressing gown and held the stem of his +pipe firmly with the other. Panting and puffing, the major grumbled and +growled at everybody because he thought he was being pushed and that +they were all hurrying when they had nowhere to hurry to and were +all surprised at something when there was nothing to be surprised at. +Another, a thin little officer, was speaking to everyone, conjecturing +where they were now being taken and how far they would get that day. An +official in felt boots and wearing a commissariat uniform ran round from +side to side and gazed at the ruins of Moscow, loudly announcing his +observations as to what had been burned down and what this or that part +of the city was that they could see. A third officer, who by his accent +was a Pole, disputed with the commissariat officer, arguing that he was +mistaken in his identification of the different wards of Moscow. + +What are you disputing about? said the major angrily. What does it +matter whether it is St. Nicholas or St. Blasius? You see its burned +down, and theres an end of it.... What are you pushing for? Isnt the +road wide enough? said he, turning to a man behind him who was not +pushing him at all. + +Oh, oh, oh! What have they done? the prisoners on one side and another +were heard saying as they gazed on the charred ruins. All beyond the +river, and Zbova, and in the Krmlin.... Just look! Theres not half of +it left. Yes, I told youthe whole quarter beyond the river, and so it +is. + +Well, you know its burned, so whats the use of talking? said the +major. + +As they passed near a church in the Khamvniki (one of the few unburned +quarters of Moscow) the whole mass of prisoners suddenly started to one +side and exclamations of horror and disgust were heard. + +Ah, the villains! What heathens! Yes dead, dead, so he is... And +smeared with something! + +Pierre too drew near the church where the thing was that evoked these +exclamations, and dimly made out something leaning against the palings +surrounding the church. From the words of his comrades who saw better +than he did, he found that this was the body of a man, set upright +against the palings with its face smeared with soot. + +Go on! What the devil... Go on! Thirty thousand devils!... the convoy +guards began cursing and the French soldiers, with fresh virulence, +drove away with their swords the crowd of prisoners who were gazing at +the dead man. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Through the cross streets of the Khamvniki quarter the prisoners +marched, followed only by their escort and the vehicles and wagons +belonging to that escort, but when they reached the supply stores they +came among a huge and closely packed train of artillery mingled with +private vehicles. + +At the bridge they all halted, waiting for those in front to get across. +From the bridge they had a view of endless lines of moving baggage +trains before and behind them. To the right, where the Kalga road turns +near Neskchny, endless rows of troops and carts stretched away into +the distance. These were troops of Beauharnais corps which had started +before any of the others. Behind, along the riverside and across the +Stone Bridge, were Neys troops and transport. + +Davouts troops, in whose charge were the prisoners, were crossing the +Crimean bridge and some were already debouching into the Kalga road. +But the baggage trains stretched out so that the last of Beauharnais +train had not yet got out of Moscow and reached the Kalga road when +the vanguard of Neys army was already emerging from the Great Ordnka +Street. + +When they had crossed the Crimean bridge the prisoners moved a few steps +forward, halted, and again moved on, and from all sides vehicles and men +crowded closer and closer together. They advanced the few hundred paces +that separated the bridge from the Kalga road, taking more than an +hour to do so, and came out upon the square where the streets of the +Transmoskv ward and the Kalga road converge, and the prisoners jammed +close together had to stand for some hours at that crossway. From all +sides, like the roar of the sea, were heard the rattle of wheels, the +tramp of feet, and incessant shouts of anger and abuse. Pierre stood +pressed against the wall of a charred house, listening to that noise +which mingled in his imagination with the roll of the drums. + +To get a better view, several officer prisoners climbed onto the wall of +the half-burned house against which Pierre was leaning. + +What crowds! Just look at the crowds!... Theyve loaded goods even on +the cannon! Look there, those are furs! they exclaimed. Just see what +the blackguards have looted.... There! See what that one has behind +in the cart.... Why, those are settings taken from some icons, by +heaven!... Oh, the rascals!... See how that fellow has loaded +himself up, he can hardly walk! Good lord, theyve even grabbed those +chaises!... See that fellow there sitting on the trunks.... Heavens! +Theyre fighting. + +Thats right, hit him on the snouton his snout! Like this, we +shant get away before evening. Look, look there.... Why, that must be +Napoleons own. See what horses! And the monograms with a crown! Its +like a portable house.... That fellows dropped his sack and doesnt see +it. Fighting again... A woman with a baby, and not bad-looking either! +Yes, I dare say, thats the way theyll let you pass.... Just look, +theres no end to it. Russian wenches, by heaven, so they are! In +carriagessee how comfortably theyve settled themselves! + +Again, as at the church in Khamvniki, a wave of general curiosity +bore all the prisoners forward onto the road, and Pierre, thanks to +his stature, saw over the heads of the others what so attracted their +curiosity. In three carriages involved among the munition carts, closely +squeezed together, sat women with rouged faces, dressed in glaring +colors, who were shouting something in shrill voices. + +From the moment Pierre had recognized the appearance of the mysterious +force nothing had seemed to him strange or dreadful neither the corpse +smeared with soot for fun nor these women hurrying away nor the burned +ruins of Moscow. All that he now witnessed scarcely made an impression +on himas if his soul, making ready for a hard struggle, refused to +receive impressions that might weaken it. + +The womens vehicles drove by. Behind them came more carts, soldiers, +wagons, soldiers, gun carriages, carriages, soldiers, ammunition carts, +more soldiers, and now and then women. + +Pierre did not see the people as individuals but saw their movement. + +All these people and horses seemed driven forward by some invisible +power. During the hour Pierre watched them they all came flowing from +the different streets with one and the same desire to get on quickly +they all jostled one another, began to grow angry and to fight, white +teeth gleamed, brows frowned, ever the same words of abuse flew from +side to side, and all the faces bore the same swaggeringly resolute +and coldly cruel expression that had struck Pierre that morning on the +corporals face when the drums were beating. + +It was not till nearly evening that the officer commanding the escort +collected his men and with shouts and quarrels forced his way in among +the baggage trains, and the prisoners, hemmed in on all sides, emerged +onto the Kalga road. + +They marched very quickly, without resting, and halted only when the sun +began to set. The baggage carts drew up close together and the men +began to prepare for their nights rest. They all appeared angry and +dissatisfied. For a long time, oaths, angry shouts, and fighting could +be heard from all sides. A carriage that followed the escort ran +into one of the carts and knocked a hole in it with its pole. Several +soldiers ran toward the cart from different sides some beat the +carriage horses on their heads, turning them aside, others fought among +themselves, and Pierre saw that one German was badly wounded on the head +by a sword. + +It seemed that all these men, now that they had stopped amid fields +in the chill dusk of the autumn evening, experienced one and the same +feeling of unpleasant awakening from the hurry and eagerness to push on +that had seized them at the start. Once at a standstill they all seemed +to understand that they did not yet know where they were going, and that +much that was painful and difficult awaited them on this journey. + +During this halt the escort treated the prisoners even worse than they +had done at the start. It was here that the prisoners for the first time +received horseflesh for their meat ration. + +From the officer down to the lowest soldier they showed what seemed like +personal spite against each of the prisoners, in unexpected contrast to +their former friendly relations. + +This spite increased still more when, on calling over the roll of +prisoners, it was found that in the bustle of leaving Moscow one Russian +soldier, who had pretended to suffer from colic, had escaped. Pierre saw +a Frenchman beat a Russian soldier cruelly for straying too far from +the road, and heard his friend the captain reprimand and threaten to +court-martial a noncommissioned officer on account of the escape of the +Russian. To the noncommissioned officers excuse that the prisoner was +ill and could not walk, the officer replied that the order was to shoot +those who lagged behind. Pierre felt that that fatal force which had +crushed him during the executions, but which he had not felt during his +imprisonment, now again controlled his existence. It was terrible, but +he felt that in proportion to the efforts of that fatal force to crush +him, there grew and strengthened in his soul a power of life independent +of it. + +He ate his supper of buckwheat soup with horseflesh and chatted with his +comrades. + +Neither Pierre nor any of the others spoke of what they had seen in +Moscow, or of the roughness of their treatment by the French, or of the +order to shoot them which had been announced to them. As if in reaction +against the worsening of their position they were all particularly +animated and gay. They spoke of personal reminiscences, of amusing +scenes they had witnessed during the campaign, and avoided all talk of +their present situation. + +The sun had set long since. Bright stars shone out here and there in the +sky. A red glow as of a conflagration spread above the horizon from the +rising full moon, and that vast red ball swayed strangely in the gray +haze. It grew light. The evening was ending, but the night had not yet +come. Pierre got up and left his new companions, crossing between the +campfires to the other side of the road where he had been told the +common soldier prisoners were stationed. He wanted to talk to them. On +the road he was stopped by a French sentinel who ordered him back. + +Pierre turned back, not to his companions by the campfire, but to an +unharnessed cart where there was nobody. Tucking his legs under him and +dropping his head he sat down on the cold ground by the wheel of the +cart and remained motionless a long while sunk in thought. Suddenly he +burst out into a fit of his broad, good-natured laughter, so loud that +men from various sides turned with surprise to see what this strange and +evidently solitary laughter could mean. + +Ha-ha-ha! laughed Pierre. And he said aloud to himself The soldier +did not let me pass. They took me and shut me up. They hold me captive. +What, me? Me? My immortal soul? Ha-ha-ha! Ha-ha-ha!... and he laughed +till tears started to his eyes. + +A man got up and came to see what this queer big fellow was laughing at +all by himself. Pierre stopped laughing, got up, went farther away from +the inquisitive man, and looked around him. + +The huge, endless bivouac that had previously resounded with the +crackling of campfires and the voices of many men had grown quiet, the +red campfires were growing paler and dying down. High up in the light +sky hung the full moon. Forests and fields beyond the camp, unseen +before, were now visible in the distance. And farther still, beyond +those forests and fields, the bright, oscillating, limitless distance +lured one to itself. Pierre glanced up at the sky and the twinkling +stars in its faraway depths. And all that is me, all that is within me, +and it is all I! thought Pierre. And they caught all that and put it +into a shed boarded up with planks! He smiled, and went and lay down to +sleep beside his companions. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +In the early days of October another envoy came to Kutzov with a letter +from Napoleon proposing peace and falsely dated from Moscow, though +Napoleon was already not far from Kutzov on the old Kalga road. +Kutzov replied to this letter as he had done to the one formerly +brought by Lauriston, saying that there could be no question of peace. + +Soon after that a report was received from Drokhovs guerrilla +detachment operating to the left of Tartino that troops of Broussiers +division had been seen at Formnsk and that being separated from the +rest of the French army they might easily be destroyed. The soldiers and +officers again demanded action. Generals on the staff, excited by the +memory of the easy victory at Tartino, urged Kutzov to carry out +Drokhovs suggestion. Kutzov did not consider any offensive necessary. +The result was a compromise which was inevitable a small detachment was +sent to Formnsk to attack Broussier. + +By a strange coincidence, this task, which turned out to be a most +difficult and important one, was entrusted to Dokhtrovthat same modest +little Dokhtrov whom no one had described to us as drawing up plans +of battles, dashing about in front of regiments, showering crosses on +batteries, and so on, and who was thought to be and was spoken of as +undecided and undiscerningbut whom we find commanding wherever the +position was most difficult all through the Russo-French wars from +Austerlitz to the year 1813. At Austerlitz he remained last at the +Augezd dam, rallying the regiments, saving what was possible when all +were flying and perishing and not a single general was left in the rear +guard. Ill with fever he went to Smolnsk with twenty thousand men +to defend the town against Napoleons whole army. In Smolnsk, at the +Malkhov Gate, he had hardly dozed off in a paroxysm of fever before he +was awakened by the bombardment of the townand Smolnsk held out all +day long. At the battle of Borodin, when Bagratin was killed and nine +tenths of the men of our left flank had fallen and the full force of the +French artillery fire was directed against it, the man sent there was +this same irresolute and undiscerning DokhtrovKutzov hastening to +rectify a mistake he had made by sending someone else there first. +And the quiet little Dokhtrov rode thither, and Borodin became the +greatest glory of the Russian army. Many heroes have been described to +us in verse and prose, but of Dokhtrov scarcely a word has been said. + +It was Dokhtrov again whom they sent to Formnsk and from there to +Mlo-Yaroslvets, the place where the last battle with the French was +fought and where the obvious disintegration of the French army began +and we are told of many geniuses and heroes of that period of the +campaign, but of Dokhtrov nothing or very little is said and that +dubiously. And this silence about Dokhtrov is the clearest testimony to +his merit. + +It is natural for a man who does not understand the workings of a +machine to imagine that a shaving that has fallen into it by chance +and is interfering with its action and tossing about in it is its most +important part. The man who does not understand the construction of +the machine cannot conceive that the small connecting cogwheel which +revolves quietly is one of the most essential parts of the machine, and +not the shaving which merely harms and hinders the working. + +On the tenth of October when Dokhtrov had gone halfway to Formnsk and +stopped at the village of Aristvo, preparing faithfully to execute the +orders he had received, the whole French army having, in its convulsive +movement, reached Murats position apparently in order to give +battlesuddenly without any reason turned off to the left onto the new +Kalga road and began to enter Formnsk, where only Broussier had +been till then. At that time Dokhtrov had under his command, besides +Drokhovs detachment, the two small guerrilla detachments of Figner and +Seslvin. + +On the evening of October 11 Seslvin came to the Aristvo headquarters +with a French guardsman he had captured. The prisoner said that the +troops that had entered Formnsk that day were the vanguard of the whole +army, that Napoleon was there and the whole army had left Moscow four +days previously. That same evening a house serf who had come from +Brovsk said he had seen an immense army entering the town. Some +Cossacks of Dokhtrovs detachment reported having sighted the French +Guards marching along the road to Brovsk. From all these reports it was +evident that where they had expected to meet a single division there +was now the whole French army marching from Moscow in an unexpected +directionalong the Kalga road. Dokhtrov was unwilling to undertake +any action, as it was not clear to him now what he ought to do. He had +been ordered to attack Formnsk. But only Broussier had been there at +that time and now the whole French army was there. Ermlov wished to act +on his own judgment, but Dokhtrov insisted that he must have Kutzovs +instructions. So it was decided to send a dispatch to the staff. + +For this purpose a capable officer, Bolkhovtinov, was chosen, who +was to explain the whole affair by word of mouth, besides delivering +a written report. Toward midnight Bolkhovtinov, having received the +dispatch and verbal instructions, galloped off to the General Staff +accompanied by a Cossack with spare horses. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +It was a warm, dark, autumn night. It had been raining for four days. +Having changed horses twice and galloped twenty miles in an hour and a +half over a sticky, muddy road, Bolkhovtinov reached Litashvka after +one oclock at night. Dismounting at a cottage on whose wattle fence +hung a signboard, GENERAL STAFF, and throwing down his reins, he entered +a dark passage. + +The general on duty, quick! Its very important! said he to someone +who had risen and was sniffing in the dark passage. + +He has been very unwell since the evening and this is the third night +he has not slept, said the orderly pleadingly in a whisper. You should +wake the captain first. + +But this is very important, from General Dokhtrov, said +Bolkhovtinov, entering the open door which he had found by feeling in +the dark. + +The orderly had gone in before him and began waking somebody. + +Your honor, your honor! A courier. + +What? Whats that? From whom? came a sleepy voice. + +From Dokhtrov and from Alexy Petrvich. Napoleon is at Formnsk, +said Bolkhovtinov, unable to see in the dark who was speaking but +guessing by the voice that it was not Konovntsyn. + +The man who had wakened yawned and stretched himself. + +I dont like waking him, he said, fumbling for something. He is very +ill. Perhaps this is only a rumor. + +Here is the dispatch, said Bolkhovtinov. My orders are to give it at +once to the general on duty. + +Wait a moment, Ill light a candle. You damned rascal, where do you +always hide it? said the voice of the man who was stretching himself, +to the orderly. (This was Shcherbnin, Konovntsyns adjutant.) Ive +found it, Ive found it! he added. + +The orderly was striking a light and Shcherbnin was fumbling for +something on the candlestick. + +Oh, the nasty beasts! said he with disgust. + +By the light of the sparks Bolkhovtinov saw Shcherbnins youthful face +as he held the candle, and the face of another man who was still asleep. +This was Konovntsyn. + +When the flame of the sulphur splinters kindled by the tinder burned +up, first blue and then red, Shcherbnin lit the tallow candle, from +the candlestick of which the cockroaches that had been gnawing it were +running away, and looked at the messenger. Bolkhovtinov was bespattered +all over with mud and had smeared his face by wiping it with his sleeve. + +Who gave the report? inquired Shcherbnin, taking the envelope. + +The news is reliable, said Bolkhovtinov. Prisoners, Cossacks, and +the scouts all say the same thing. + +Theres nothing to be done, well have to wake him, said Shcherbnin, +rising and going up to the man in the nightcap who lay covered by a +greatcoat. Peter Petrvich! said he. (Konovntsyn did not stir.) To +the General Staff! he said with a smile, knowing that those words would +be sure to arouse him. + +And in fact the head in the nightcap was lifted at once. On +Konovntsyns handsome, resolute face with cheeks flushed by fever, +there still remained for an instant a faraway dreamy expression remote +from present affairs, but then he suddenly started and his face assumed +its habitual calm and firm appearance. + +Well, what is it? From whom? he asked immediately but without hurry, +blinking at the light. + +While listening to the officers report Konovntsyn broke the seal and +read the dispatch. Hardly had he done so before he lowered his legs in +their woolen stockings to the earthen floor and began putting on his +boots. Then he took off his nightcap, combed his hair over his temples, +and donned his cap. + +Did you get here quickly? Let us go to his Highness. + +Konovntsyn had understood at once that the news brought was of great +importance and that no time must be lost. He did not consider or ask +himself whether the news was good or bad. That did not interest him. He +regarded the whole business of the war not with his intelligence or his +reason but by something else. There was within him a deep unexpressed +conviction that all would be well, but that one must not trust to this +and still less speak about it, but must only attend to ones own work. +And he did his work, giving his whole strength to the task. + +Peter Petrvich Konovntsyn, like Dokhtrov, seems to have been included +merely for proprietys sake in the list of the so-called heroes of +1812the Barclays, Ravskis, Ermlovs, Pltovs, and Milordoviches. Like +Dokhtrov he had the reputation of being a man of very limited capacity +and information, and like Dokhtrov he never made plans of battle but +was always found where the situation was most difficult. Since his +appointment as general on duty he had always slept with his door open, +giving orders that every messenger should be allowed to wake him up. In +battle he was always under fire, so that Kutzov reproved him for it and +feared to send him to the front, and like Dokhtrov he was one of those +unnoticed cogwheels that, without clatter or noise, constitute the most +essential part of the machine. + +Coming out of the hut into the damp, dark night Konovntsyn +frownedpartly from an increased pain in his head and partly at the +unpleasant thought that occurred to him, of how all that nest of +influential men on the staff would be stirred up by this news, +especially Bennigsen, who ever since Tartino had been at daggers +drawn with Kutzov and how they would make suggestions, quarrel, issue +orders, and rescind them. And this premonition was disagreeable to him +though he knew it could not be helped. + +And in fact Toll, to whom he went to communicate the news, immediately +began to expound his plans to a general sharing his quarters, until +Konovntsyn, who listened in weary silence, reminded him that they must +go to see his Highness. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Kutzov like all old people did not sleep much at night. He often fell +asleep unexpectedly in the daytime, but at night, lying on his bed +without undressing, he generally remained awake thinking. + +So he lay now on his bed, supporting his large, heavy, scarred head on +his plump hand, with his one eye open, meditating and peering into the +darkness. + +Since Bennigsen, who corresponded with the Emperor and had more +influence than anyone else on the staff, had begun to avoid him, Kutzov +was more at ease as to the possibility of himself and his troops being +obliged to take part in useless aggressive movements. The lesson of the +Tartino battle and of the day before it, which Kutzov remembered with +pain, must, he thought, have some effect on others too. + +They must understand that we can only lose by taking the offensive. +Patience and time are my warriors, my champions, thought Kutzov. He +knew that an apple should not be plucked while it is green. It will fall +of itself when ripe, but if picked unripe the apple is spoiled, the tree +is harmed, and your teeth are set on edge. Like an experienced sportsman +he knew that the beast was wounded, and wounded as only the whole +strength of Russia could have wounded it, but whether it was mortally +wounded or not was still an undecided question. Now by the fact of +Lauriston and Barthlemi having been sent, and by the reports of the +guerrillas, Kutzov was almost sure that the wound was mortal. But he +needed further proofs and it was necessary to wait. + +They want to run to see how they have wounded it. Wait and we shall +see! Continual maneuvers, continual advances! thought he. What for? +Only to distinguish themselves! As if fighting were fun. They are +like children from whom one cant get any sensible account of what has +happened because they all want to show how well they can fight. But +thats not what is needed now. + +And what ingenious maneuvers they all propose to me! It seems to +them that when they have thought of two or three contingencies (he +remembered the general plan sent him from Petersburg) they have +foreseen everything. But the contingencies are endless. + +The undecided question as to whether the wound inflicted at Borodin was +mortal or not had hung over Kutzovs head for a whole month. On the one +hand the French had occupied Moscow. On the other Kutzov felt assured +with all his being that the terrible blow into which he and all the +Russians had put their whole strength must have been mortal. But in any +case proofs were needed he had waited a whole month for them and grew +more impatient the longer he waited. Lying on his bed during those +sleepless nights he did just what he reproached those younger generals +for doing. He imagined all sorts of possible contingencies, just like +the younger men, but with this difference, that he saw thousands of +contingencies instead of two or three and based nothing on them. The +longer he thought the more contingencies presented themselves. He +imagined all sorts of movements of the Napoleonic army as a whole or +in sectionsagainst Petersburg, or against him, or to outflank him. +He thought too of the possibility (which he feared most of all) that +Napoleon might fight him with his own weapon and remain in Moscow +awaiting him. Kutzov even imagined that Napoleons army might turn back +through Medn and Yukhnv, but the one thing he could not foresee was +what happenedthe insane, convulsive stampede of Napoleons army during +its first eleven days after leaving Moscow a stampede which made +possible what Kutzov had not yet even dared to think ofthe complete +extermination of the French. Drokhovs report about Broussiers +division, the guerrillas reports of distress in Napoleons army, rumors +of preparations for leaving Moscow, all confirmed the supposition that +the French army was beaten and preparing for flight. But these were +only suppositions, which seemed important to the younger men but not to +Kutzov. With his sixty years experience he knew what value to attach +to rumors, knew how apt people who desire anything are to group all news +so that it appears to confirm what they desire, and he knew how readily +in such cases they omit all that makes for the contrary. And the more +he desired it the less he allowed himself to believe it. This question +absorbed all his mental powers. All else was to him only lifes +customary routine. To such customary routine belonged his conversations +with the staff, the letters he wrote from Tartino to Madame de Stal, +the reading of novels, the distribution of awards, his correspondence +with Petersburg, and so on. But the destruction of the French, which he +alone foresaw, was his hearts one desire. + +On the night of the eleventh of October he lay leaning on his arm and +thinking of that. + +There was a stir in the next room and he heard the steps of Toll, +Konovntsyn, and Bolkhovtinov. + +Eh, whos there? Come in, come in! What news? the field marshal called +out to them. + +While a footman was lighting a candle, Toll communicated the substance +of the news. + +Who brought it? asked Kutzov with a look which, when the candle was +lit, struck Toll by its cold severity. + +There can be no doubt about it, your Highness. + +Call him in, call him here. + +Kutzov sat up with one leg hanging down from the bed and his big paunch +resting against the other which was doubled under him. He screwed up his +seeing eye to scrutinize the messenger more carefully, as if wishing to +read in his face what preoccupied his own mind. + +Tell me, tell me, friend, said he to Bolkhovtinov in his low, aged +voice, as he pulled together the shirt which gaped open on his chest, +come nearernearer. What news have you brought me? Eh? That Napoleon +has left Moscow? Are you sure? Eh? + +Bolkhovtinov gave a detailed account from the beginning of all he had +been told to report. + +Speak quicker, quicker! Dont torture me! Kutzov interrupted him. + +Bolkhovtinov told him everything and was then silent, awaiting +instructions. Toll was beginning to say something but Kutzov checked +him. He tried to say something, but his face suddenly puckered and +wrinkled he waved his arm at Toll and turned to the opposite side of +the room, to the corner darkened by the icons that hung there. + +O Lord, my Creator, Thou has heard our prayer... said he in a +tremulous voice with folded hands. Russia is saved. I thank Thee, O +Lord! and he wept. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +From the time he received this news to the end of the campaign all +Kutzovs activity was directed toward restraining his troops, by +authority, by guile, and by entreaty, from useless attacks, +maneuvers, or encounters with the perishing enemy. Dokhtrov went to +Mlo-Yaroslvets, but Kutzov lingered with the main army and gave +orders for the evacuation of Kalgaa retreat beyond which town seemed +to him quite possible. + +Everywhere Kutzov retreated, but the enemy without waiting for his +retreat fled in the opposite direction. + +Napoleons historians describe to us his skilled maneuvers at Tartino +and Mlo-Yaroslvets, and make conjectures as to what would have +happened had Napoleon been in time to penetrate into the rich southern +provinces. + +But not to speak of the fact that nothing prevented him from advancing +into those southern provinces (for the Russian army did not bar his +way), the historians forget that nothing could have saved his army, for +then already it bore within itself the germs of inevitable ruin. How +could that armywhich had found abundant supplies in Moscow and had +trampled them underfoot instead of keeping them, and on arriving at +Smolnsk had looted provisions instead of storing themhow could that +army recuperate in Kalga province, which was inhabited by Russians such +as those who lived in Moscow, and where fire had the same property of +consuming what was set ablaze? + +That army could not recover anywhere. Since the battle of Borodin +and the pillage of Moscow it had borne within itself, as it were, the +chemical elements of dissolution. + +The members of what had once been an armyNapoleon himself and all his +soldiers fledwithout knowing whither, each concerned only to make his +escape as quickly as possible from this position, of the hopelessness of +which they were all more or less vaguely conscious. + +So it came about that at the council at Mlo-Yaroslvets, when the +generals pretending to confer together expressed various opinions, all +mouths were closed by the opinion uttered by the simple-minded soldier +Mouton who, speaking last, said what they all felt that the one thing +needful was to get away as quickly as possible and no one, not +even Napoleon, could say anything against that truth which they all +recognized. + +But though they all realized that it was necessary to get away, there +still remained a feeling of shame at admitting that they must flee. An +external shock was needed to overcome that shame, and this shock came in +due time. It was what the French called le hourra de lEmpereur. + +The day after the council at Mlo-Yaroslvets Napoleon rode out early in +the morning amid the lines of his army with his suite of marshals and +an escort, on the pretext of inspecting the army and the scene of the +previous and of the impending battle. Some Cossacks on the prowl for +booty fell in with the Emperor and very nearly captured him. If the +Cossacks did not capture Napoleon then, what saved him was the very +thing that was destroying the French army, the booty on which the +Cossacks fell. Here as at Tartino they went after plunder, leaving the +men. Disregarding Napoleon they rushed after the plunder and Napoleon +managed to escape. + +When les enfants du Don might so easily have taken the Emperor himself +in the midst of his army, it was clear that there was nothing for it but +to fly as fast as possible along the nearest, familiar road. Napoleon +with his forty-year-old stomach understood that hint, not feeling his +former agility and boldness, and under the influence of the fright +the Cossacks had given him he at once agreed with Mouton and issued +ordersas the historians tell usto retreat by the Smolnsk road. + +That Napoleon agreed with Mouton, and that the army retreated, does +not prove that Napoleon caused it to retreat, but that the forces which +influenced the whole army and directed it along the Mozhysk (that is, +the Smolnsk) road acted simultaneously on him also. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +A man in motion always devises an aim for that motion. To be able to go +a thousand miles he must imagine that something good awaits him at the +end of those thousand miles. One must have the prospect of a promised +land to have the strength to move. + +The promised land for the French during their advance had been Moscow, +during their retreat it was their native land. But that native land +was too far off, and for a man going a thousand miles it is absolutely +necessary to set aside his final goal and to say to himself Today I +shall get to a place twenty-five miles off where I shall rest and +spend the night, and during the first days journey that resting place +eclipses his ultimate goal and attracts all his hopes and desires. And +the impulses felt by a single person are always magnified in a crowd. + +For the French retreating along the old Smolnsk road, the final +goaltheir native landwas too remote, and their immediate goal +was Smolnsk, toward which all their desires and hopes, enormously +intensified in the mass, urged them on. It was not that they knew that +much food and fresh troops awaited them in Smolnsk, nor that they were +told so (on the contrary their superior officers, and Napoleon himself, +knew that provisions were scarce there), but because this alone could +give them strength to move on and endure their present privations. So +both those who knew and those who did not know deceived themselves, and +pushed on to Smolnsk as to a promised land. + +Coming out onto the highroad the French fled with surprising energy +and unheard-of rapidity toward the goal they had fixed on. Besides the +common impulse which bound the whole crowd of French into one mass and +supplied them with a certain energy, there was another cause binding +them togethertheir great numbers. As with the physical law of gravity, +their enormous mass drew the individual human atoms to itself. In their +hundreds of thousands they moved like a whole nation. + +Each of them desired nothing more than to give himself up as a prisoner +to escape from all this horror and misery but on the one hand the force +of this common attraction to Smolnsk, their goal, drew each of them in +the same direction on the other hand an army corps could not surrender +to a company, and though the French availed themselves of every +convenient opportunity to detach themselves and to surrender on the +slightest decent pretext, such pretexts did not always occur. Their +very numbers and their crowded and swift movement deprived them of that +possibility and rendered it not only difficult but impossible for the +Russians to stop this movement, to which the French were directing all +their energies. Beyond a certain limit no mechanical disruption of the +body could hasten the process of decomposition. + +A lump of snow cannot be melted instantaneously. There is a certain +limit of time in less than which no amount of heat can melt the snow. On +the contrary the greater the heat the more solidified the remaining snow +becomes. + +Of the Russian commanders Kutzov alone understood this. When the flight +of the French army along the Smolnsk road became well defined, what +Konovntsyn had foreseen on the night of the eleventh of October began +to occur. The superior officers all wanted to distinguish themselves, +to cut off, to seize, to capture, and to overthrow the French, and all +clamored for action. + +Kutzov alone used all his power (and such power is very limited in the +case of any commander in chief) to prevent an attack. + +He could not tell them what we say now Why fight, why block the road, +losing our own men and inhumanly slaughtering unfortunate wretches? What +is the use of that, when a third of their army has melted away on the +road from Moscow to Vyzma without any battle? But drawing from his +aged wisdom what they could understand, he told them of the golden +bridge, and they laughed at and slandered him, flinging themselves on, +rending and exulting over the dying beast. + +Ermlov, Milordovich, Pltov, and others in proximity to the French +near Vyzma could not resist their desire to cut off and break up two +French corps, and by way of reporting their intention to Kutzov they +sent him a blank sheet of paper in an envelope. + +And try as Kutzov might to restrain the troops, our men attacked, +trying to bar the road. Infantry regiments, we are told, advanced to the +attack with music and with drums beating, and killed and lost thousands +of men. + +But they did not cut off or overthrow anybody and the French army, +closing up more firmly at the danger, continued, while steadily melting +away, to pursue its fatal path to Smolnsk. + + + + + +BOOK FOURTEEN 1812 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +The Battle of Borodin, with the occupation of Moscow that followed it +and the flight of the French without further conflicts, is one of the +most instructive phenomena in history. + +All historians agree that the external activity of states and nations +in their conflicts with one another is expressed in wars, and that as a +direct result of greater or less success in war the political strength +of states and nations increases or decreases. + +Strange as may be the historical account of how some king or emperor, +having quarreled with another, collects an army, fights his enemys +army, gains a victory by killing three, five, or ten thousand men, and +subjugates a kingdom and an entire nation of several millions, all +the facts of history (as far as we know it) confirm the truth of the +statement that the greater or lesser success of one army against another +is the cause, or at least an essential indication, of an increase or +decrease in the strength of the nationeven though it is unintelligible +why the defeat of an armya hundredth part of a nationshould oblige +that whole nation to submit. An army gains a victory, and at once the +rights of the conquering nation have increased to the detriment of the +defeated. An army has suffered defeat, and at once a people loses its +rights in proportion to the severity of the reverse, and if its army +suffers a complete defeat the nation is quite subjugated. + +So according to history it has been found from the most ancient times, +and so it is to our own day. All Napoleons wars serve to confirm this +rule. In proportion to the defeat of the Austrian army Austria loses +its rights, and the rights and the strength of France increase. The +victories of the French at Jena and Auerstdt destroy the independent +existence of Prussia. + +But then, in 1812, the French gain a victory near Moscow. Moscow is +taken and after that, with no further battles, it is not Russia that +ceases to exist, but the French army of six hundred thousand, and +then Napoleonic France itself. To strain the facts to fit the rules of +history to say that the field of battle at Borodin remained in the +hands of the Russians, or that after Moscow there were other battles +that destroyed Napoleons army, is impossible. + +After the French victory at Borodin there was no general engagement nor +any that were at all serious, yet the French army ceased to exist. What +does this mean? If it were an example taken from the history of China, +we might say that it was not an historic phenomenon (which is the +historians usual expedient when anything does not fit their standards) +if the matter concerned some brief conflict in which only a small number +of troops took part, we might treat it as an exception but this event +occurred before our fathers eyes, and for them it was a question of the +life or death of their fatherland, and it happened in the greatest of +all known wars. + +The period of the campaign of 1812 from the battle of Borodin to the +expulsion of the French proved that the winning of a battle does not +produce a conquest and is not even an invariable indication of conquest +it proved that the force which decides the fate of peoples lies not in +the conquerors, nor even in armies and battles, but in something else. + +The French historians, describing the condition of the French army +before it left Moscow, affirm that all was in order in the Grand Army, +except the cavalry, the artillery, and the transportthere was no forage +for the horses or the cattle. That was a misfortune no one could remedy, +for the peasants of the district burned their hay rather than let the +French have it. + +The victory gained did not bring the usual results because the peasants +Karp and Vlas (who after the French had evacuated Moscow drove in their +carts to pillage the town, and in general personally failed to manifest +any heroic feelings), and the whole innumerable multitude of such +peasants, did not bring their hay to Moscow for the high price offered +them, but burned it instead. + +Let us imagine two men who have come out to fight a duel with rapiers +according to all the rules of the art of fencing. The fencing has +gone on for some time suddenly one of the combatants, feeling himself +wounded and understanding that the matter is no joke but concerns his +life, throws down his rapier, and seizing the first cudgel that comes to +hand begins to brandish it. Then let us imagine that the combatant who +so sensibly employed the best and simplest means to attain his end was +at the same time influenced by traditions of chivalry and, desiring to +conceal the facts of the case, insisted that he had gained his victory +with the rapier according to all the rules of art. One can imagine what +confusion and obscurity would result from such an account of the duel. + +The fencer who demanded a contest according to the rules of fencing was +the French army his opponent who threw away the rapier and snatched up +the cudgel was the Russian people those who try to explain the matter +according to the rules of fencing are the historians who have described +the event. + +After the burning of Smolnsk a war began which did not follow any +previous traditions of war. The burning of towns and villages, the +retreats after battles, the blow dealt at Borodin and the renewed +retreat, the burning of Moscow, the capture of marauders, the seizure of +transports, and the guerrilla war were all departures from the rules. + +Napoleon felt this, and from the time he took up the correct fencing +attitude in Moscow and instead of his opponents rapier saw a cudgel +raised above his head, he did not cease to complain to Kutzov and to +the Emperor Alexander that the war was being carried on contrary to all +the rulesas if there were any rules for killing people. In spite of the +complaints of the French as to the nonobservance of the rules, in +spite of the fact that to some highly placed Russians it seemed rather +disgraceful to fight with a cudgel and they wanted to assume a pose en +quarte or en tierce according to all the rules, and to make an adroit +thrust en prime, and so onthe cudgel of the peoples war was lifted +with all its menacing and majestic strength, and without consulting +anyones tastes or rules and regardless of anything else, it rose and +fell with stupid simplicity, but consistently, and belabored the French +till the whole invasion had perished. + +And it is well for a people who do notas the French did in 1813salute +according to all the rules of art, and, presenting the hilt of their +rapier gracefully and politely, hand it to their magnanimous conqueror, +but at the moment of trial, without asking what rules others have +adopted in similar cases, simply and easily pick up the first cudgel +that comes to hand and strike with it till the feeling of resentment and +revenge in their soul yields to a feeling of contempt and compassion. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +One of the most obvious and advantageous departures from the so-called +laws of war is the action of scattered groups against men pressed +together in a mass. Such action always occurs in wars that take on a +national character. In such actions, instead of two crowds opposing +each other, the men disperse, attack singly, run away when attacked by +stronger forces, but again attack when opportunity offers. This was done +by the guerrillas in Spain, by the mountain tribes in the Caucasus, and +by the Russians in 1812. + +People have called this kind of war guerrilla warfare and assume that +by so calling it they have explained its meaning. But such a war does +not fit in under any rule and is directly opposed to a well-known rule +of tactics which is accepted as infallible. That rule says that an +attacker should concentrate his forces in order to be stronger than his +opponent at the moment of conflict. + +Guerrilla war (always successful, as history shows) directly infringes +that rule. + +This contradiction arises from the fact that military science assumes +the strength of an army to be identical with its numbers. Military +science says that the more troops the greater the strength. Les gros +bataillons ont toujours raison. * + + * Large battalions are always victorious. + +For military science to say this is like defining momentum in mechanics +by reference to the mass only stating that momenta are equal or unequal +to each other simply because the masses involved are equal or unequal. + +Momentum (quantity of motion) is the product of mass and velocity. + +In military affairs the strength of an army is the product of its mass +and some unknown x. + +Military science, seeing in history innumerable instances of the fact +that the size of any army does not coincide with its strength and that +small detachments defeat larger ones, obscurely admits the existence +of this unknown factor and tries to discover itnow in a geometric +formation, now in the equipment employed, now, and most usually, in the +genius of the commanders. But the assignment of these various meanings +to the factor does not yield results which accord with the historic +facts. + +Yet it is only necessary to abandon the false view (adopted to gratify +the heroes) of the efficacy of the directions issued in wartime by +commanders, in order to find this unknown quantity. + +That unknown quantity is the spirit of the army, that is to say, the +greater or lesser readiness to fight and face danger felt by all the men +composing an army, quite independently of whether they are, or are not, +fighting under the command of a genius, in twoor three-line formation, +with cudgels or with rifles that repeat thirty times a minute. Men +who want to fight will always put themselves in the most advantageous +conditions for fighting. + +The spirit of an army is the factor which multiplied by the mass gives +the resulting force. To define and express the significance of this +unknown factorthe spirit of an armyis a problem for science. + +This problem is only solvable if we cease arbitrarily to substitute +for the unknown x itself the conditions under which that force becomes +apparentsuch as the commands of the general, the equipment employed, +and so onmistaking these for the real significance of the factor, +and if we recognize this unknown quantity in its entirety as being +the greater or lesser desire to fight and to face danger. Only then, +expressing known historic facts by equations and comparing the relative +significance of this factor, can we hope to define the unknown. + +Ten men, battalions, or divisions, fighting fifteen men, battalions, or +divisions, conquerthat is, kill or take captiveall the others, while +themselves losing four, so that on the one side four and on the other +fifteen were lost. Consequently the four were equal to the fifteen, and +therefore 4x 15y. Consequently x/y 15/4. This equation does not +give us the value of the unknown factor but gives us a ratio between two +unknowns. And by bringing variously selected historic units (battles, +campaigns, periods of war) into such equations, a series of numbers +could be obtained in which certain laws should exist and might be +discovered. + +The tactical rule that an army should act in masses when attacking, and +in smaller groups in retreat, unconsciously confirms the truth that the +strength of an army depends on its spirit. To lead men forward under +fire more discipline (obtainable only by movement in masses) is needed +than is needed to resist attacks. But this rule which leaves out of +account the spirit of the army continually proves incorrect and is in +particularly striking contrast to the facts when some strong rise or +fall in the spirit of the troops occurs, as in all national wars. + +The French, retreating in 1812though according to tactics they should +have separated into detachments to defend themselvescongregated into +a mass because the spirit of the army had so fallen that only the mass +held the army together. The Russians, on the contrary, ought according +to tactics to have attacked in mass, but in fact they split up +into small units, because their spirit had so risen that separate +individuals, without orders, dealt blows at the French without needing +any compulsion to induce them to expose themselves to hardships and +dangers. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +The so-called partisan war began with the entry of the French into +Smolnsk. + +Before partisan warfare had been officially recognized by the +government, thousands of enemy stragglers, marauders, and foragers had +been destroyed by the Cossacks and the peasants, who killed them off +as instinctively as dogs worry a stray mad dog to death. Dens Davdov, +with his Russian instinct, was the first to recognize the value of +this terrible cudgel which regardless of the rules of military science +destroyed the French, and to him belongs the credit for taking the first +step toward regularizing this method of warfare. + +On August 24 Davdovs first partisan detachment was formed and then +others were recognized. The further the campaign progressed the more +numerous these detachments became. + +The irregulars destroyed the great army piecemeal. They gathered the +fallen leaves that dropped of themselves from that withered treethe +French armyand sometimes shook that tree itself. By October, when +the French were fleeing toward Smolnsk, there were hundreds of such +companies, of various sizes and characters. There were some that adopted +all the army methods and had infantry, artillery, staffs, and the +comforts of life. Others consisted solely of Cossack cavalry. There were +also small scratch groups of foot and horse, and groups of peasants and +landowners that remained unknown. A sacristan commanded one party which +captured several hundred prisoners in the course of a month and there +was Vaslisa, the wife of a village elder, who slew hundreds of the +French. + +The partisan warfare flamed up most fiercely in the latter days of +October. Its first period had passed when the partisans themselves, +amazed at their own boldness, feared every minute to be surrounded +and captured by the French, and hid in the forests without unsaddling, +hardly daring to dismount and always expecting to be pursued. By the end +of October this kind of warfare had taken definite shape it had become +clear to all what could be ventured against the French and what could +not. Now only the commanders of detachments with staffs, and moving +according to rules at a distance from the French, still regarded many +things as impossible. The small bands that had started their activities +long before and had already observed the French closely considered +things possible which the commanders of the big detachments did not dare +to contemplate. The Cossacks and peasants who crept in among the French +now considered everything possible. + +On October 22, Densov (who was one of the irregulars) was with his +group at the height of the guerrilla enthusiasm. Since early morning he +and his party had been on the move. All day long he had been watching +from the forest that skirted the highroad a large French convoy of +cavalry baggage and Russian prisoners separated from the rest of the +army, whichas was learned from spies and prisonerswas moving under a +strong escort to Smolnsk. Besides Densov and Dlokhov (who also led +a small party and moved in Densovs vicinity), the commanders of some +large divisions with staffs also knew of this convoy and, as Densov +expressed it, were sharpening their teeth for it. Two of the commanders +of large partiesone a Pole and the other a Germansent invitations +to Densov almost simultaneously, requesting him to join up with their +divisions to attack the convoy. + +No, bwother, I have gwown mustaches myself, said Densov on reading +these documents, and he wrote to the German that, despite his heartfelt +desire to serve under so valiant and renowned a general, he had to forgo +that pleasure because he was already under the command of the Polish +general. To the Polish general he replied to the same effect, informing +him that he was already under the command of the German. + +Having arranged matters thus, Densov and Dlokhov intended, without +reporting matters to the higher command, to attack and seize that +convoy with their own small forces. On October 22 it was moving from +the village of Miklino to that of Shmshevo. To the left of the road +between Miklino and Shmshevo there were large forests, extending in +some places up to the road itself though in others a mile or more back +from it. Through these forests Densov and his party rode all day, +sometimes keeping well back in them and sometimes coming to the very +edge, but never losing sight of the moving French. That morning, +Cossacks of Densovs party had seized and carried off into the forest +two wagons loaded with cavalry saddles, which had stuck in the mud not +far from Miklino where the forest ran close to the road. Since then, +and until evening, the party had watched the movements of the French +without attacking. It was necessary to let the French reach Shmshevo +quietly without alarming them and then, after joining Dlokhov who was +to come that evening to a consultation at a watchmans hut in the forest +less than a mile from Shmshevo, to surprise the French at dawn, falling +like an avalanche on their heads from two sides, and rout and capture +them all at one blow. + +In their rear, more than a mile from Miklino where the forest came +right up to the road, six Cossacks were posted to report if any fresh +columns of French should show themselves. + +Beyond Shmshevo, Dlokhov was to observe the road in the same way, to +find out at what distance there were other French troops. They reckoned +that the convoy had fifteen hundred men. Densov had two hundred, and +Dlokhov might have as many more, but the disparity of numbers did not +deter Densov. All that he now wanted to know was what troops these were +and to learn that he had to capture a tonguethat is, a man from +the enemy column. That mornings attack on the wagons had been made so +hastily that the Frenchmen with the wagons had all been killed only a +little drummer boy had been taken alive, and as he was a straggler he +could tell them nothing definite about the troops in that column. + +Densov considered it dangerous to make a second attack for fear of +putting the whole column on the alert, so he sent Tkhon Shcherbty, a +peasant of his party, to Shmshevo to try and seize at least one of the +French quartermasters who had been sent on in advance. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +It was a warm rainy autumn day. The sky and the horizon were both +the color of muddy water. At times a sort of mist descended, and then +suddenly heavy slanting rain came down. + +Densov in a felt cloak and a sheepskin cap from which the rain ran down +was riding a thin thoroughbred horse with sunken sides. Like his horse, +which turned its head and laid its ears back, he shrank from the driving +rain and gazed anxiously before him. His thin face with its short, thick +black beard looked angry. + +Beside Densov rode an esaul, * Densovs fellow worker, also in felt +cloak and sheepskin cap, and riding a large sleek Don horse. + + * A captain of Cossacks. + +Esaul Lovyski the Third was a tall man as straight as an arrow, +pale-faced, fair-haired, with narrow light eyes and with calm +self-satisfaction in his face and bearing. Though it was impossible to +say in what the peculiarity of the horse and rider lay, yet at first +glance at the esaul and Densov one saw that the latter was wet and +uncomfortable and was a man mounted on a horse, while looking at the +esaul one saw that he was as comfortable and as much at ease as always +and that he was not a man who had mounted a horse, but a man who was one +with his horse, a being consequently possessed of twofold strength. + +A little ahead of them walked a peasant guide, wet to the skin and +wearing a gray peasant coat and a white knitted cap. + +A little behind, on a poor, small, lean Kirghz mount with an enormous +tail and mane and a bleeding mouth, rode a young officer in a blue +French overcoat. + +Beside him rode an hussar, with a boy in a tattered French uniform and +blue cap behind him on the crupper of his horse. The boy held on to the +hussar with cold, red hands, and raising his eyebrows gazed about him +with surprise. This was the French drummer boy captured that morning. + +Behind them along the narrow, sodden, cutup forest road came hussars in +threes and fours, and then Cossacks some in felt cloaks, some in French +greatcoats, and some with horsecloths over their heads. The horses, +being drenched by the rain, all looked black whether chestnut or bay. +Their necks, with their wet, close-clinging manes, looked strangely +thin. Steam rose from them. Clothes, saddles, reins, were all wet, +slippery, and sodden, like the ground and the fallen leaves that strewed +the road. The men sat huddled up trying not to stir, so as to warm the +water that had trickled to their bodies and not admit the fresh cold +water that was leaking in under their seats, their knees, and at the +back of their necks. In the midst of the outspread line of Cossacks two +wagons, drawn by French horses and by saddled Cossack horses that had +been hitched on in front, rumbled over the tree stumps and branches and +splashed through the water that lay in the ruts. + +Densovs horse swerved aside to avoid a pool in the track and bumped +his riders knee against a tree. + +Oh, the devil! exclaimed Densov angrily, and showing his teeth he +struck his horse three times with his whip, splashing himself and his +comrades with mud. + +Densov was out of sorts both because of the rain and also from hunger +(none of them had eaten anything since morning), and yet more because he +still had no news from Dlokhov and the man sent to capture a tongue +had not returned. + +Therell hardly be another such chance to fall on a transport as today. +Its too risky to attack them by oneself, and if we put it off till +another day one of the big guerrilla detachments will snatch the prey +from under our noses, thought Densov, continually peering forward, +hoping to see a messenger from Dlokhov. + +On coming to a path in the forest along which he could see far to the +right, Densov stopped. + +Theres someone coming, said he. + +The esaul looked in the direction Densov indicated. + +There are two, an officer and a Cossack. But it is not presupposable +that it is the lieutenant colonel himself, said the esaul, who was fond +of using words the Cossacks did not know. + +The approaching riders having descended a decline were no longer +visible, but they reappeared a few minutes later. In front, at a weary +gallop and using his leather whip, rode an officer, disheveled and +drenched, whose trousers had worked up to above his knees. Behind him, +standing in the stirrups, trotted a Cossack. The officer, a very young +lad with a broad rosy face and keen merry eyes, galloped up to Densov +and handed him a sodden envelope. + +From the general, said the officer. Please excuse its not being quite +dry. + +Densov, frowning, took the envelope and opened it. + +There, they kept telling us Its dangerous, its dangerous, +said the officer, addressing the esaul while Densov was reading the +dispatch. But Komarv and Ihe pointed to the Cossackwere prepared. +We have each of us two pistols.... But whats this? he asked, noticing +the French drummer boy. A prisoner? Youve already been in action? May +I speak to him? + +Wostv! Ptya! exclaimed Densov, having run through the dispatch. +Why didnt you say who you were? and turning with a smile he held out +his hand to the lad. + +The officer was Ptya Rostv. + +All the way Ptya had been preparing himself to behave with Densov as +befitted a grown-up man and an officerwithout hinting at their previous +acquaintance. But as soon as Densov smiled at him Ptya brightened +up, blushed with pleasure, forgot the official manner he had been +rehearsing, and began telling him how he had already been in a battle +near Vyzma and how a certain hussar had distinguished himself there. + +Well, I am glad to see you, Densov interrupted him, and his face +again assumed its anxious expression. + +Michael Feokltych, said he to the esaul, this is again fwom that +German, you know. Hehe indicated Ptyais serving under him. + +And Densov told the esaul that the dispatch just delivered was a +repetition of the German generals demand that he should join forces +with him for an attack on the transport. + +If we dont take it tomowwow, hell snatch it fwom under our noses, he +added. + +While Densov was talking to the esaul, Ptyaabashed by Densovs +cold tone and supposing that it was due to the condition of his +trousersfurtively tried to pull them down under his greatcoat so +that no one should notice it, while maintaining as martial an air as +possible. + +Will there be any orders, your honor? he asked Densov, holding his +hand at the salute and resuming the game of adjutant and general for +which he had prepared himself, or shall I remain with your honor? + +Orders? Densov repeated thoughtfully. But can you stay till +tomowwow? + +Oh, please... May I stay with you? cried Ptya. + +But, just what did the genewal tell you? To weturn at once? asked +Densov. + +Ptya blushed. + +He gave me no instructions. I think I could? he returned, inquiringly. + +Well, all wight, said Densov. + +And turning to his men he directed a party to go on to the halting place +arranged near the watchmans hut in the forest, and told the officer on +the Kirghz horse (who performed the duties of an adjutant) to go and +find out where Dlokhov was and whether he would come that evening. +Densov himself intended going with the esaul and Ptya to the edge of +the forest where it reached out to Shmshevo, to have a look at the part +of the French bivouac they were to attack next day. + +Well, old fellow, said he to the peasant guide, lead us to +Shmshevo. + +Densov, Ptya, and the esaul, accompanied by some Cossacks and the +hussar who had the prisoner, rode to the left across a ravine to the +edge of the forest. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +The rain had stopped, and only the mist was falling and drops from +the trees. Densov, the esaul, and Ptya rode silently, following the +peasant in the knitted cap who, stepping lightly with outturned toes +and moving noiselessly in his bast shoes over the roots and wet leaves, +silently led them to the edge of the forest. + +He ascended an incline, stopped, looked about him, and advanced to where +the screen of trees was less dense. On reaching a large oak tree that +had not yet shed its leaves, he stopped and beckoned mysteriously to +them with his hand. + +Densov and Ptya rode up to him. From the spot where the peasant was +standing they could see the French. Immediately beyond the forest, on a +downward slope, lay a field of spring rye. To the right, beyond a steep +ravine, was a small village and a landowners house with a broken roof. +In the village, in the house, in the garden, by the well, by the pond, +over all the rising ground, and all along the road uphill from the +bridge leading to the village, not more than five hundred yards +away, crowds of men could be seen through the shimmering mist. Their +un-Russian shouting at their horses which were straining uphill with the +carts, and their calls to one another, could be clearly heard. + +Bwing the prisoner here, said Densov in a low voice, not taking his +eyes off the French. + +A Cossack dismounted, lifted the boy down, and took him to Densov. +Pointing to the French troops, Densov asked him what these and those +of them were. The boy, thrusting his cold hands into his pockets and +lifting his eyebrows, looked at Densov in affright, but in spite of +an evident desire to say all he knew gave confused answers, merely +assenting to everything Densov asked him. Densov turned away from him +frowning and addressed the esaul, conveying his own conjectures to him. + +Ptya, rapidly turning his head, looked now at the drummer boy, now +at Densov, now at the esaul, and now at the French in the village and +along the road, trying not to miss anything of importance. + +Whether Dlokhov comes or not, we must seize it, eh? said Densov with +a merry sparkle in his eyes. + +It is a very suitable spot, said the esaul. + +Well send the infantwy down by the swamps, Densov continued. +Theyll cweep up to the garden youll wide up fwom there with the +Cossackshe pointed to a spot in the forest beyond the villageand I +with my hussars fwom here. And at the signal shot... + +The hollow is impassabletheres a swamp there, said the esaul. The +horses would sink. We must ride round more to the left.... + +While they were talking in undertones the crack of a shot sounded +from the low ground by the pond, a puff of white smoke appeared, then +another, and the sound of hundreds of seemingly merry French voices +shouting together came up from the slope. For a moment Densov and the +esaul drew back. They were so near that they thought they were the cause +of the firing and shouting. But the firing and shouting did not relate +to them. Down below, a man wearing something red was running through the +marsh. The French were evidently firing and shouting at him. + +Why, thats our Tkhon, said the esaul. + +So it is! It is! + +The wascal! said Densov. + +Hell get away! said the esaul, screwing up his eyes. + +The man whom they called Tkhon, having run to the stream, plunged in +so that the water splashed in the air, and, having disappeared for an +instant, scrambled out on all fours, all black with the wet, and ran on. +The French who had been pursuing him stopped. + +Smart, that! said the esaul. + +What a beast! said Densov with his former look of vexation. What has +he been doing all this time? + +Who is he? asked Ptya. + +Hes our plastn. I sent him to capture a tongue. + +Oh, yes, said Ptya, nodding at the first words Densov uttered as if +he understood it all, though he really did not understand anything of +it. + +Tkhon Shcherbty was one of the most indispensable men in their band. +He was a peasant from Pokrvsk, near the river Gzhat. When Densov had +come to Pokrvsk at the beginning of his operations and had as usual +summoned the village elder and asked him what he knew about the French, +the elder, as though shielding himself, had replied, as all village +elders did, that he had neither seen nor heard anything of them. But +when Densov explained that his purpose was to kill the French, and +asked if no French had strayed that way, the elder replied that some +more-orderers had really been at their village, but that Tkhon +Shcherbty was the only man who dealt with such matters. Densov had +Tkhon called and, having praised him for his activity, said a few words +in the elders presence about loyalty to the Tsar and the country and +the hatred of the French that all sons of the fatherland should cherish. + +We dont do the French any harm, said Tkhon, evidently frightened by +Densovs words. We only fooled about with the lads for fun, you know! +We killed a score or so of more-orderers, but we did no harm else.... + +Next day when Densov had left Pokrvsk, having quite forgotten about +this peasant, it was reported to him that Tkhon had attached himself +to their party and asked to be allowed to remain with it. Densov gave +orders to let him do so. + +Tkhon, who at first did rough work, laying campfires, fetching water, +flaying dead horses, and so on, soon showed a great liking and aptitude +for partisan warfare. At night he would go out for booty and always +brought back French clothing and weapons, and when told to would bring +in French captives also. Densov then relieved him from drudgery and +began taking him with him when he went out on expeditions and had him +enrolled among the Cossacks. + +Tkhon did not like riding, and always went on foot, never lagging +behind the cavalry. He was armed with a musketoon (which he carried +rather as a joke), a pike and an ax, which latter he used as a wolf uses +its teeth, with equal ease picking fleas out of its fur or crunching +thick bones. Tkhon with equal accuracy would split logs with blows at +arms length, or holding the head of the ax would cut thin little pegs +or carve spoons. In Densovs party he held a peculiar and exceptional +position. When anything particularly difficult or nasty had to be +doneto push a cart out of the mud with ones shoulders, pull a horse +out of a swamp by its tail, skin it, slink in among the French, or walk +more than thirty miles in a dayeverybody pointed laughingly at Tkhon. + +It wont hurt that devilhes as strong as a horse! they said of him. + +Once a Frenchman Tkhon was trying to capture fired a pistol at him +and shot him in the fleshy part of the back. That wound (which Tkhon +treated only with internal and external applications of vodka) was the +subject of the liveliest jokes by the whole detachmentjokes in which +Tkhon readily joined. + +Hallo, mate! Never again? Gave you a twist? the Cossacks would banter +him. And Tkhon, purposely writhing and making faces, pretended to be +angry and swore at the French with the funniest curses. The only effect +of this incident on Tkhon was that after being wounded he seldom +brought in prisoners. + +He was the bravest and most useful man in the party. No one found more +opportunities for attacking, no one captured or killed more Frenchmen, +and consequently he was made the buffoon of all the Cossacks and hussars +and willingly accepted that role. Now he had been sent by Densov +overnight to Shmshevo to capture a tongue. But whether because he +had not been content to take only one Frenchman or because he had slept +through the night, he had crept by day into some bushes right among the +French and, as Densov had witnessed from above, had been detected by +them. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +After talking for some time with the esaul about next days attack, +which now, seeing how near they were to the French, he seemed to have +definitely decided on, Densov turned his horse and rode back. + +Now, my lad, well go and get dwy, he said to Ptya. + +As they approached the watchhouse Densov stopped, peering into the +forest. Among the trees a man with long legs and long, swinging arms, +wearing a short jacket, bast shoes, and a Kazn hat, was approaching +with long, light steps. He had a musketoon over his shoulder and an ax +stuck in his girdle. When he espied Densov he hastily threw something +into the bushes, removed his sodden hat by its floppy brim, and +approached his commander. It was Tkhon. His wrinkled and pockmarked +face and narrow little eyes beamed with self-satisfied merriment. He +lifted his head high and gazed at Densov as if repressing a laugh. + +Well, where did you disappear to? inquired Densov. + +Where did I disappear to? I went to get Frenchmen, answered Tkhon +boldly and hurriedly, in a husky but melodious bass voice. + +Why did you push yourself in there by daylight? You ass! Well, why +havent you taken one? + +Oh, I took one all right, said Tkhon. + +Where is he? + +You see, I took him first thing at dawn, Tkhon continued, spreading +out his flat feet with outturned toes in their bast shoes. I took him +into the forest. Then I see hes no good and think Ill go and fetch a +likelier one. + +You see?... What a wogueits just as I thought, said Densov to the +esaul. Why didnt you bwing that one? + +What was the good of bringing him? Tkhon interrupted hastily and +angrilythat one wouldnt have done for you. As if I dont know what +sort you want! + +What a bwute you are!... Well? + +I went for another one, Tkhon continued, and I crept like this +through the wood and lay down. (He suddenly lay down on his stomach +with a supple movement to show how he had done it.) One turned up and +I grabbed him, like this. (He jumped up quickly and lightly.) Come +along to the colonel, I said. He starts yelling, and suddenly there +were four of them. They rushed at me with their little swords. So I went +for them with my ax, this way What are you up to? says I. Christ +be with you! shouted Tkhon, waving his arms with an angry scowl and +throwing out his chest. + +Yes, we saw from the hill how you took to your heels through the +puddles! said the esaul, screwing up his glittering eyes. + +Ptya badly wanted to laugh, but noticed that they all refrained from +laughing. He turned his eyes rapidly from Tkhons face to the esauls +and Densovs, unable to make out what it all meant. + +Dont play the fool! said Densov, coughing angrily. Why didnt you +bwing the first one? + +Tkhon scratched his back with one hand and his head with the other, +then suddenly his whole face expanded into a beaming, foolish grin, +disclosing a gap where he had lost a tooth (that was why he was called +Shcherbtythe gap-toothed). Densov smiled, and Ptya burst into a peal +of merry laughter in which Tkhon himself joined. + +Oh, but he was a regular good-for-nothing, said Tkhon. The clothes +on himpoor stuff! How could I bring him? And so rude, your honor! Why, +he says Im a generals son myself, I wont go! he says. + +You are a bwute! said Densov. I wanted to question... + +But I questioned him, said Tkhon. He said he didnt know much. +There are a lot of us, he says, but all poor stuffonly soldiers in +name, he says. Shout loud at them, he says, and youll take +them all, Tkhon concluded, looking cheerfully and resolutely into +Densovs eyes. + +Ill give you a hundwed sharp lashesthatll teach you to play the +fool! said Densov severely. + +But why are you angry? remonstrated Tkhon, just as if Id never seen +your Frenchmen! Only wait till it gets dark and Ill fetch you any of +them you wantthree if you like. + +Well, lets go, said Densov, and rode all the way to the watchhouse +in silence and frowning angrily. + +Tkhon followed behind and Ptya heard the Cossacks laughing with him +and at him, about some pair of boots he had thrown into the bushes. + +When the fit of laughter that had seized him at Tkhons words and smile +had passed and Ptya realized for a moment that this Tkhon had killed a +man, he felt uneasy. He looked round at the captive drummer boy and felt +a pang in his heart. But this uneasiness lasted only a moment. He felt +it necessary to hold his head higher, to brace himself, and to question +the esaul with an air of importance about tomorrows undertaking, that +he might not be unworthy of the company in which he found himself. + +The officer who had been sent to inquire met Densov on the way with the +news that Dlokhov was soon coming and that all was well with him. + +Densov at once cheered up and, calling Ptya to him, said Well, tell +me about yourself. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Ptya, having left his people after their departure from Moscow, joined +his regiment and was soon taken as orderly by a general commanding a +large guerrilla detachment. From the time he received his commission, +and especially since he had joined the active army and taken part in +the battle of Vyzma, Ptya had been in a constant state of blissful +excitement at being grown-up and in a perpetual ecstatic hurry not to +miss any chance to do something really heroic. He was highly delighted +with what he saw and experienced in the army, but at the same time +it always seemed to him that the really heroic exploits were being +performed just where he did not happen to be. And he was always in a +hurry to get where he was not. + +When on the twenty-first of October his general expressed a wish to send +somebody to Densovs detachment, Ptya begged so piteously to be sent +that the general could not refuse. But when dispatching him he recalled +Ptyas mad action at the battle of Vyzma, where instead of riding by +the road to the place to which he had been sent, he had galloped to the +advanced line under the fire of the French and had there twice fired +his pistol. So now the general explicitly forbade his taking part in any +action whatever of Densovs. That was why Ptya had blushed and grown +confused when Densov asked him whether he could stay. Before they had +ridden to the outskirts of the forest Ptya had considered he must carry +out his instructions strictly and return at once. But when he saw the +French and saw Tkhon and learned that there would certainly be an +attack that night, he decided, with the rapidity with which young people +change their views, that the general, whom he had greatly respected till +then, was a rubbishy German, that Densov was a hero, the esaul a hero, +and Tkhon a hero too, and that it would be shameful for him to leave +them at a moment of difficulty. + +It was already growing dusk when Densov, Ptya, and the esaul rode up +to the watchhouse. In the twilight saddled horses could be seen, and +Cossacks and hussars who had rigged up rough shelters in the glade and +were kindling glowing fires in a hollow of the forest where the French +could not see the smoke. In the passage of the small watchhouse a +Cossack with sleeves rolled up was chopping some mutton. In the room +three officers of Densovs band were converting a door into a tabletop. +Ptya took off his wet clothes, gave them to be dried, and at once began +helping the officers to fix up the dinner table. + +In ten minutes the table was ready and a napkin spread on it. On the +table were vodka, a flask of rum, white bread, roast mutton, and salt. + +Sitting at table with the officers and tearing the fat savory mutton +with his hands, down which the grease trickled, Ptya was in an ecstatic +childish state of love for all men, and consequently of confidence that +others loved him in the same way. + +So then what do you think, Vasli Dmtrich? said he to Densov. Its +all right my staying a day with you? And not waiting for a reply he +answered his own question You see I was told to find outwell, I am +finding out.... Only do let me into the very... into the chief... I +dont want a reward.... But I want... + +Ptya clenched his teeth and looked around, throwing back his head and +flourishing his arms. + +Into the vewy chief... Densov repeated with a smile. + +Only, please let me command something, so that I may really command... +Ptya went on. What would it be to you?... Oh, you want a knife? he +said, turning to an officer who wished to cut himself a piece of mutton. + +And he handed him his clasp knife. The officer admired it. + +Please keep it. I have several like it, said Ptya, blushing. +Heavens! I was quite forgetting! he suddenly cried. I have some +raisins, fine ones you know, seedless ones. We have a new sutler and +he has such capital things. I bought ten pounds. I am used to something +sweet. Would you like some?... and Ptya ran out into the passage to +his Cossack and brought back some bags which contained about five pounds +of raisins. Have some, gentlemen, have some! + +You want a coffeepot, dont you? he asked the esaul. I bought a +capital one from our sutler! He has splendid things. And hes very +honest, thats the chief thing. Ill be sure to send it to you. Or +perhaps your flints are giving out, or are worn outthat happens +sometimes, you know. I have brought some with me, here they areand he +showed a baga hundred flints. I bought them very cheap. Please take as +many as you want, or all if you like.... + +Then suddenly, dismayed lest he had said too much, Ptya stopped and +blushed. + +He tried to remember whether he had not done anything else that was +foolish. And running over the events of the day he remembered the French +drummer boy. Its capital for us here, but what of him? Where have they +put him? Have they fed him? Havent they hurt his feelings? he thought. +But having caught himself saying too much about the flints, he was now +afraid to speak out. + +I might ask, he thought, but theyll say Hes a boy himself and so +he pities the boy. Ill show them tomorrow whether Im a boy. Will it +seem odd if I ask? Ptya thought. Well, never mind! and immediately, +blushing and looking anxiously at the officers to see if they appeared +ironical, he said + +May I call in that boy who was taken prisoner and give him something to +eat?... Perhaps... + +Yes, hes a poor little fellow, said Densov, who evidently saw +nothing shameful in this reminder. Call him in. His name is Vincent +Bosse. Have him fetched. + +Ill call him, said Ptya. + +Yes, yes, call him. A poor little fellow, Densov repeated. + +Ptya was standing at the door when Densov said this. He slipped in +between the officers, came close to Densov, and said + +Let me kiss you, dear old fellow! Oh, how fine, how splendid! + +And having kissed Densov he ran out of the hut. + +Bosse! Vincent! Ptya cried, stopping outside the door. + +Who do you want, sir? asked a voice in the darkness. + +Ptya replied that he wanted the French lad who had been captured that +day. + +Ah, Vesnny? said a Cossack. + +Vincent, the boys name, had already been changed by the Cossacks into +Vesnny (vernal) and into Vesnya by the peasants and soldiers. In both +these adaptations the reference to spring (vesn) matched the impression +made by the young lad. + +He is warming himself there by the bonfire. Ho, Vesnya! +Vesnya!Vesnny! laughing voices were heard calling to one another in +the darkness. + +Hes a smart lad, said an hussar standing near Ptya. We gave him +something to eat a while ago. He was awfully hungry! + +The sound of bare feet splashing through the mud was heard in the +darkness, and the drummer boy came to the door. + +Ah, cest vous! said Ptya. Voulez-vous manger? Nayez pas peur, on +ne vous fera pas de mal, * he added shyly and affectionately, touching +the boys hand. Entrez, entrez. *(2) + + * Ah, its you! Do you want something to eat? Dont be + afraid, they wont hurt you. + + * (2) Come in, come in. + + +Merci, monsieur, * said the drummer boy in a trembling almost childish +voice, and he began scraping his dirty feet on the threshold. + + * Thank you, sir. + + +There were many things Ptya wanted to say to the drummer boy, but did +not dare to. He stood irresolutely beside him in the passage. Then in +the darkness he took the boys hand and pressed it. + +Come in, come in! he repeated in a gentle whisper. Oh, what can I do +for him? he thought, and opening the door he let the boy pass in first. + +When the boy had entered the hut, Ptya sat down at a distance from +him, considering it beneath his dignity to pay attention to him. But +he fingered the money in his pocket and wondered whether it would seem +ridiculous to give some to the drummer boy. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +The arrival of Dlokhov diverted Ptyas attention from the drummer boy, +to whom Densov had had some mutton and vodka given, and whom he had had +dressed in a Russian coat so that he might be kept with their band and +not sent away with the other prisoners. Ptya had heard in the army many +stories of Dlokhovs extraordinary bravery and of his cruelty to the +French, so from the moment he entered the hut Ptya did not take his +eyes from him, but braced himself up more and more and held his head +high, that he might not be unworthy even of such company. + +Dlokhovs appearance amazed Ptya by its simplicity. + +Densov wore a Cossack coat, had a beard, had an icon of Nicholas the +Wonder-Worker on his breast, and his way of speaking and everything he +did indicated his unusual position. But Dlokhov, who in Moscow had worn +a Persian costume, had now the appearance of a most correct officer of +the Guards. He was clean-shaven and wore a Guardsmans padded coat with +an Order of St. George at his buttonhole and a plain forage cap set +straight on his head. He took off his wet felt cloak in a corner of +the room, and without greeting anyone went up to Densov and began +questioning him about the matter in hand. Densov told him of the +designs the large detachments had on the transport, of the message Ptya +had brought, and his own replies to both generals. Then he told him all +he knew of the French detachment. + +Thats so. But we must know what troops they are and their numbers, +said Dlokhov. It will be necessary to go there. We cant start the +affair without knowing for certain how many there are. I like to work +accurately. Here nowwouldnt one of these gentlemen like to ride over +to the French camp with me? I have brought a spare uniform. + +I, I... Ill go with you! cried Ptya. + +Theres no need for you to go at all, said Densov, addressing +Dlokhov, and as for him, I wont let him go on any account. + +I like that! exclaimed Ptya. Why shouldnt I go? + +Because its useless. + +Well, you must excuse me, because... because... I shall go, and thats +all. Youll take me, wont you? he said, turning to Dlokhov. + +Why not? Dlokhov answered absently, scrutinizing the face of the +French drummer boy. Have you had that youngster with you long? he +asked Densov. + +He was taken today but he knows nothing. Im keeping him with me. + +Yes, and where do you put the others? inquired Dlokhov. + +Where? I send them away and take a weceipt for them, shouted Densov, +suddenly flushing. And I say boldly that I have not a single mans life +on my conscience. Would it be difficult for you to send thirty or +thwee hundwed men to town under escort, instead of stainingI speak +bluntlystaining the honor of a soldier? + +That kind of amiable talk would be suitable from this young count of +sixteen, said Dlokhov with cold irony, but its time for you to drop +it. + +Why, Ive not said anything! I only say that Ill certainly go with +you, said Ptya shyly. + +But for you and me, old fellow, its time to drop these amenities, +continued Dlokhov, as if he found particular pleasure in speaking of +this subject which irritated Densov. Now, why have you kept this lad? +he went on, swaying his head. Because you are sorry for him! Dont we +know those receipts of yours? You send a hundred men away, and thirty +get there. The rest either starve or get killed. So isnt it all the +same not to send them? + +The esaul, screwing up his light-colored eyes, nodded approvingly. + +Thats not the point. Im not going to discuss the matter. I do not +wish to take it on my conscience. You say theyll die. All wight. Only +not by my fault! + +Dlokhov began laughing. + +Who has told them not to capture me these twenty times over? But if +they did catch me theyd string me up to an aspen tree, and with all +your chivalry just the same. He paused. However, we must get to work. +Tell the Cossack to fetch my kit. I have two French uniforms in it. +Well, are you coming with me? he asked Ptya. + +I? Yes, yes, certainly! cried Ptya, blushing almost to tears and +glancing at Densov. + +While Dlokhov had been disputing with Densov what should be done with +prisoners, Ptya had once more felt awkward and restless but again he +had no time to grasp fully what they were talking about. If grown-up, +distinguished men think so, it must be necessary and right, thought he. +But above all Densov must not dare to imagine that Ill obey him and +that he can order me about. I will certainly go to the French camp with +Dlokhov. If he can, so can I! + +And to all Densovs persuasions, Ptya replied that he too was +accustomed to do everything accurately and not just anyhow, and that he +never considered personal danger. + +For youll admit that if we dont know for sure how many of them there +are... hundreds of lives may depend on it, while there are only two +of us. Besides, I want to go very much and certainly will go, so dont +hinder me, said he. It will only make things worse.... + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Having put on French greatcoats and shakos, Ptya and Dlokhov rode to +the clearing from which Densov had reconnoitered the French camp, +and emerging from the forest in pitch darkness they descended into the +hollow. On reaching the bottom, Dlokhov told the Cossacks accompanying +him to await him there and rode on at a quick trot along the road to the +bridge. Ptya, his heart in his mouth with excitement, rode by his side. + +If were caught, I wont be taken alive! I have a pistol, whispered +he. + +Dont talk Russian, said Dlokhov in a hurried whisper, and at that +very moment they heard through the darkness the challenge Qui vive? * +and the click of a musket. + + * Who goes there? + + +The blood rushed to Ptyas face and he grasped his pistol. + +Lanciers du 6-me, * replied Dlokhov, neither hastening nor slackening +his horses pace. + + * Lancers of the 6th Regiment. + + +The black figure of a sentinel stood on the bridge. + +Mot dordre. * + + * Password. + + +Dlokhov reined in his horse and advanced at a walk. + +Dites donc, le colonel Grard est ici? * he asked. + + * Tell me, is Colonel Grard here? + + +Mot dordre, repeated the sentinel, barring the way and not replying. + +Quand un officier fait sa ronde, les sentinelles ne demandent pas le +mot dordre... cried Dlokhov suddenly flaring up and riding straight +at the sentinel. Je vous demande si le colonel est ici. * + + * When an officer is making his round, sentinels dont ask + him for the password.... I am asking you if the colonel is + here. + + +And without waiting for an answer from the sentinel, who had stepped +aside, Dlokhov rode up the incline at a walk. + +Noticing the black outline of a man crossing the road, Dlokhov stopped +him and inquired where the commander and officers were. The man, +a soldier with a sack over his shoulder, stopped, came close up to +Dlokhovs horse, touched it with his hand, and explained simply and in +a friendly way that the commander and the officers were higher up +the hill to the right in the courtyard of the farm, as he called the +landowners house. + +Having ridden up the road, on both sides of which French talk could be +heard around the campfires, Dlokhov turned into the courtyard of the +landowners house. Having ridden in, he dismounted and approached a +big blazing campfire, around which sat several men talking noisily. +Something was boiling in a small cauldron at the edge of the fire and +a soldier in a peaked cap and blue overcoat, lit up by the fire, was +kneeling beside it stirring its contents with a ramrod. + +Oh, hes a hard nut to crack, said one of the officers who was sitting +in the shadow at the other side of the fire. + +Hell make them get a move on, those fellows! said another, laughing. + +Both fell silent, peering out through the darkness at the sound of +Dlokhovs and Ptyas steps as they advanced to the fire leading their +horses. + +Bonjour, messieurs! * said Dlokhov loudly and clearly. + + * Good day, gentlemen. + + +There was a stir among the officers in the shadow beyond the fire, +and one tall, long-necked officer, walking round the fire, came up to +Dlokhov. + +Is that you, Clment? he asked. Where the devil...? But, noticing +his mistake, he broke off short and, with a frown, greeted Dlokhov as a +stranger, asking what he could do for him. + +Dlokhov said that he and his companion were trying to overtake their +regiment, and addressing the company in general asked whether they knew +anything of the 6th Regiment. None of them knew anything, and Ptya +thought the officers were beginning to look at him and Dlokhov with +hostility and suspicion. For some seconds all were silent. + +If you were counting on the evening soup, you have come too late, said +a voice from behind the fire with a repressed laugh. + +Dlokhov replied that they were not hungry and must push on farther that +night. + +He handed the horses over to the soldier who was stirring the pot and +squatted down on his heels by the fire beside the officer with the long +neck. That officer did not take his eyes from Dlokhov and again asked +to what regiment he belonged. Dlokhov, as if he had not heard the +question, did not reply, but lighting a short French pipe which he took +from his pocket began asking the officer in how far the road before them +was safe from Cossacks. + +Those brigands are everywhere, replied an officer from behind the +fire. + +Dlokhov remarked that the Cossacks were a danger only to stragglers +such as his companion and himself, but probably they would not dare to +attack large detachments? he added inquiringly. No one replied. + +Well, now hell come away, Ptya thought every moment as he stood by +the campfire listening to the talk. + +But Dlokhov restarted the conversation which had dropped and began +putting direct questions as to how many men there were in the battalion, +how many battalions, and how many prisoners. Asking about the Russian +prisoners with that detachment, Dlokhov said + +A horrid business dragging these corpses about with one! It would be +better to shoot such rabble, and burst into loud laughter, so strange +that Ptya thought the French would immediately detect their disguise, +and involuntarily took a step back from the campfire. + +No one replied a word to Dlokhovs laughter, and a French officer whom +they could not see (he lay wrapped in a greatcoat) rose and whispered +something to a companion. Dlokhov got up and called to the soldier who +was holding their horses. + +Will they bring our horses or not? thought Ptya, instinctively +drawing nearer to Dlokhov. + +The horses were brought. + +Good evening, gentlemen, said Dlokhov. + +Ptya wished to say Good night but could not utter a word. The +officers were whispering together. Dlokhov was a long time mounting +his horse which would not stand still, then he rode out of the yard at a +footpace. Ptya rode beside him, longing to look round to see whether or +not the French were running after them, but not daring to. + +Coming out onto the road Dlokhov did not ride back across the open +country, but through the village. At one spot he stopped and listened. +Do you hear? he asked. Ptya recognized the sound of Russian voices +and saw the dark figures of Russian prisoners round their campfires. +When they had descended to the bridge Ptya and Dlokhov rode past the +sentinel, who without saying a word paced morosely up and down it, then +they descended into the hollow where the Cossacks awaited them. + +Well now, good-by. Tell Densov, at the first shot at daybreak, said +Dlokhov and was about to ride away, but Ptya seized hold of him. + +Really! he cried, you are such a hero! Oh, how fine, how splendid! +How I love you! + +All right, all right! said Dlokhov. But Ptya did not let go of him +and Dlokhov saw through the gloom that Ptya was bending toward him and +wanted to kiss him. Dlokhov kissed him, laughed, turned his horse, and +vanished into the darkness. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Having returned to the watchmans hut, Ptya found Densov in the +passage. He was awaiting Ptyas return in a state of agitation, +anxiety, and self-reproach for having let him go. + +Thank God! he exclaimed. Yes, thank God! he repeated, listening to +Ptyas rapturous account. But, devil take you, I havent slept because +of you! Well, thank God. Now lie down. We can still get a nap before +morning. + +But... no, said Ptya, I dont want to sleep yet. Besides I know +myself, if I fall asleep its finished. And then I am used to not +sleeping before a battle. + +He sat awhile in the hut joyfully recalling the details of his +expedition and vividly picturing to himself what would happen next day. + +Then, noticing that Densov was asleep, he rose and went out of doors. + +It was still quite dark outside. The rain was over, but drops were still +falling from the trees. Near the watchmans hut the black shapes of the +Cossacks shanties and of horses tethered together could be seen. Behind +the hut the dark shapes of the two wagons with their horses beside them +were discernible, and in the hollow the dying campfire gleamed red. +Not all the Cossacks and hussars were asleep here and there, amid the +sounds of falling drops and the munching of the horses near by, could be +heard low voices which seemed to be whispering. + +Ptya came out, peered into the darkness, and went up to the wagons. +Someone was snoring under them, and around them stood saddled horses +munching their oats. In the dark Ptya recognized his own horse, which +he called Karabkh though it was of Ukranian breed, and went up to it. + +Well, Karabkh! Well do some service tomorrow, said he, sniffing its +nostrils and kissing it. + +Why arent you asleep, sir? said a Cossack who was sitting under a +wagon. + +No, ah... Likhachvisnt that your name? Do you know I have only just +come back! Weve been into the French camp. + +And Ptya gave the Cossack a detailed account not only of his ride but +also of his object, and why he considered it better to risk his life +than to act just anyhow. + +Well, you should get some sleep now, said the Cossack. + +No, I am used to this, said Ptya. I say, arent the flints in your +pistols worn out? I brought some with me. Dont you want any? You can +have some. + +The Cossack bent forward from under the wagon to get a closer look at +Ptya. + +Because I am accustomed to doing everything accurately, said Ptya. +Some fellows do things just anyhow, without preparation, and then +theyre sorry for it afterwards. I dont like that. + +Just so, said the Cossack. + +Oh yes, another thing! Please, my dear fellow, will you sharpen my +saber for me? Its got bl... (Ptya feared to tell a lie, and the saber +never had been sharpened.) Can you do it? + +Of course I can. + +Likhachv got up, rummaged in his pack, and soon Ptya heard the warlike +sound of steel on whetstone. He climbed onto the wagon and sat on its +edge. The Cossack was sharpening the saber under the wagon. + +I say! Are the lads asleep? asked Ptya. + +Some are, and some arentlike us. + +Well, and that boy? + +Vesnny? Oh, hes thrown himself down there in the passage. Fast asleep +after his fright. He was that glad! + +After that Ptya remained silent for a long time, listening to the +sounds. He heard footsteps in the darkness and a black figure appeared. + +What are you sharpening? asked a man coming up to the wagon. + +Why, this gentlemans saber. + +Thats right, said the man, whom Ptya took to be an hussar. Was the +cup left here? + +There, by the wheel! + +The hussar took the cup. + +It must be daylight soon, said he, yawning, and went away. + +Ptya ought to have known that he was in a forest with Densovs +guerrilla band, less than a mile from the road, sitting on a wagon +captured from the French beside which horses were tethered, that under +it Likhachv was sitting sharpening a saber for him, that the big dark +blotch to the right was the watchmans hut, and the red blotch below to +the left was the dying embers of a campfire, that the man who had come +for the cup was an hussar who wanted a drink but he neither knew nor +waited to know anything of all this. He was in a fairy kingdom where +nothing resembled reality. The big dark blotch might really be the +watchmans hut or it might be a cavern leading to the very depths of +the earth. Perhaps the red spot was a fire, or it might be the eye of an +enormous monster. Perhaps he was really sitting on a wagon, but it might +very well be that he was not sitting on a wagon but on a terribly high +tower from which, if he fell, he would have to fall for a whole day or a +whole month, or go on falling and never reach the bottom. Perhaps it +was just the Cossack, Likhachv, who was sitting under the wagon, but it +might be the kindest, bravest, most wonderful, most splendid man in the +world, whom no one knew of. It might really have been that the hussar +came for water and went back into the hollow, but perhaps he had simply +vanisheddisappeared altogether and dissolved into nothingness. + +Nothing Ptya could have seen now would have surprised him. He was in a +fairy kingdom where everything was possible. + +He looked up at the sky. And the sky was a fairy realm like the earth. +It was clearing, and over the tops of the trees clouds were swiftly +sailing as if unveiling the stars. Sometimes it looked as if the clouds +were passing, and a clear black sky appeared. Sometimes it seemed as +if the black spaces were clouds. Sometimes the sky seemed to be rising +high, high overhead, and then it seemed to sink so low that one could +touch it with ones hand. + +Ptyas eyes began to close and he swayed a little. + +The trees were dripping. Quiet talking was heard. The horses neighed and +jostled one another. Someone snored. + +Ozheg-zheg, Ozheg-zheg... hissed the saber against the whetstone, +and suddenly Ptya heard an harmonious orchestra playing some unknown, +sweetly solemn hymn. Ptya was as musical as Natsha and more so than +Nicholas, but had never learned music or thought about it, and so the +melody that unexpectedly came to his mind seemed to him particularly +fresh and attractive. The music became more and more audible. The melody +grew and passed from one instrument to another. And what was played was +a fuguethough Ptya had not the least conception of what a fugue is. +Each instrumentnow resembling a violin and now a horn, but better +and clearer than violin or hornplayed its own part, and before it had +finished the melody merged with another instrument that began almost the +same air, and then with a third and a fourth and they all blended into +one and again became separate and again blended, now into solemn church +music, now into something dazzlingly brilliant and triumphant. + +Ohwhy, that was in a dream! Ptya said to himself, as he lurched +forward. Its in my ears. But perhaps its music of my own. Well, go +on, my music! Now!... + +He closed his eyes, and, from all sides as if from a distance, sounds +fluttered, grew into harmonies, separated, blended, and again all +mingled into the same sweet and solemn hymn. Oh, this is delightful! +As much as I like and as I like! said Ptya to himself. He tried to +conduct that enormous orchestra. + +Now softly, softly die away! and the sounds obeyed him. Now fuller, +more joyful. Still more and more joyful! And from an unknown depth rose +increasingly triumphant sounds. Now voices join in! ordered Ptya. And +at first from afar he heard mens voices and then womens. The voices +grew in harmonious triumphant strength, and Ptya listened to their +surpassing beauty in awe and joy. + +With a solemn triumphal march there mingled a song, the drip from the +trees, and the hissing of the saber, Ozheg-zheg-zheg... and again the +horses jostled one another and neighed, not disturbing the choir but +joining in it. + +Ptya did not know how long this lasted he enjoyed himself all the +time, wondered at his enjoyment and regretted that there was no one to +share it. He was awakened by Likhachvs kindly voice. + +Its ready, your honor you can split a Frenchman in half with it! + +Ptya woke up. + +Its getting light, its really getting light! he exclaimed. + +The horses that had previously been invisible could now be seen to their +very tails, and a watery light showed itself through the bare branches. +Ptya shook himself, jumped up, took a ruble from his pocket and gave it +to Likhachv then he flourished the saber, tested it, and sheathed +it. The Cossacks were untying their horses and tightening their saddle +girths. + +And heres the commander, said Likhachv. + +Densov came out of the watchmans hut and, having called Ptya, gave +orders to get ready. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +The men rapidly picked out their horses in the semidarkness, tightened +their saddle girths, and formed companies. Densov stood by the +watchmans hut giving final orders. The infantry of the detachment +passed along the road and quickly disappeared amid the trees in the mist +of early dawn, hundreds of feet splashing through the mud. The esaul +gave some orders to his men. Ptya held his horse by the bridle, +impatiently awaiting the order to mount. His face, having been bathed +in cold water, was all aglow, and his eyes were particularly brilliant. +Cold shivers ran down his spine and his whole body pulsed rhythmically. + +Well, is evwything weady? asked Densov. Bwing the horses. + +The horses were brought. Densov was angry with the Cossack because the +saddle girths were too slack, reproved him, and mounted. Ptya put his +foot in the stirrup. His horse by habit made as if to nip his leg, but +Ptya leaped quickly into the saddle unconscious of his own weight and, +turning to look at the hussars starting in the darkness behind him, rode +up to Densov. + +Vasli Dmtrich, entrust me with some commission! Please... for Gods +sake...! said he. + +Densov seemed to have forgotten Ptyas very existence. He turned to +glance at him. + +I ask one thing of you, he said sternly, to obey me and not shove +yourself forward anywhere. + +He did not say another word to Ptya but rode in silence all the way. +When they had come to the edge of the forest it was noticeably growing +light over the field. Densov talked in whispers with the esaul and +the Cossacks rode past Ptya and Densov. When they had all ridden by, +Densov touched his horse and rode down the hill. Slipping onto their +haunches and sliding, the horses descended with their riders into the +ravine. Ptya rode beside Densov, the pulsation of his body constantly +increasing. It was getting lighter and lighter, but the mist still hid +distant objects. Having reached the valley, Densov looked back and +nodded to a Cossack beside him. + +The signal! said he. + +The Cossack raised his arm and a shot rang out. In an instant the tramp +of horses galloping forward was heard, shouts came from various sides, +and then more shots. + +At the first sound of trampling hoofs and shouting, Ptya lashed his +horse and loosening his rein galloped forward, not heeding Densov who +shouted at him. It seemed to Ptya that at the moment the shot was +fired it suddenly became as bright as noon. He galloped to the bridge. +Cossacks were galloping along the road in front of him. On the bridge +he collided with a Cossack who had fallen behind, but he galloped on. +In front of him soldiers, probably Frenchmen, were running from right +to left across the road. One of them fell in the mud under his horses +feet. + +Cossacks were crowding about a hut, busy with something. From the midst +of that crowd terrible screams arose. Ptya galloped up, and the +first thing he saw was the pale face and trembling jaw of a Frenchman, +clutching the handle of a lance that had been aimed at him. + +Hurrah!... Lads!... ours! shouted Ptya, and giving rein to his +excited horse he galloped forward along the village street. + +He could hear shooting ahead of him. Cossacks, hussars, and ragged +Russian prisoners, who had come running from both sides of the road, +were shouting something loudly and incoherently. A gallant-looking +Frenchman, in a blue overcoat, capless, and with a frowning red face, +had been defending himself against the hussars. When Ptya galloped +up the Frenchman had already fallen. Too late again! flashed through +Ptyas mind and he galloped on to the place from which the rapid firing +could be heard. The shots came from the yard of the landowners house +he had visited the night before with Dlokhov. The French were making +a stand there behind a wattle fence in a garden thickly overgrown with +bushes and were firing at the Cossacks who crowded at the gateway. +Through the smoke, as he approached the gate, Ptya saw Dlokhov, whose +face was of a pale-greenish tint, shouting to his men. Go round! Wait +for the infantry! he exclaimed as Ptya rode up to him. + +Wait?... Hurrah-ah-ah! shouted Ptya, and without pausing a moment +galloped to the place whence came the sounds of firing and where the +smoke was thickest. + +A volley was heard, and some bullets whistled past, while others plashed +against something. The Cossacks and Dlokhov galloped after Ptya into +the gateway of the courtyard. In the dense wavering smoke some of the +French threw down their arms and ran out of the bushes to meet the +Cossacks, while others ran down the hill toward the pond. Ptya was +galloping along the courtyard, but instead of holding the reins he waved +both his arms about rapidly and strangely, slipping farther and farther +to one side in his saddle. His horse, having galloped up to a campfire +that was smoldering in the morning light, stopped suddenly, and Ptya +fell heavily on to the wet ground. The Cossacks saw that his arms and +legs jerked rapidly though his head was quite motionless. A bullet had +pierced his skull. + +After speaking to the senior French officer, who came out of the house +with a white handkerchief tied to his sword and announced that +they surrendered, Dlokhov dismounted and went up to Ptya, who lay +motionless with outstretched arms. + +Done for! he said with a frown, and went to the gate to meet Densov +who was riding toward him. + +Killed? cried Densov, recognizing from a distance the unmistakably +lifeless attitudevery familiar to himin which Ptyas body was lying. + +Done for! repeated Dlokhov as if the utterance of these words +afforded him pleasure, and he went quickly up to the prisoners, who +were surrounded by Cossacks who had hurried up. We wont take them! he +called out to Densov. + +Densov did not reply he rode up to Ptya, dismounted, and with +trembling hands turned toward himself the bloodstained, mud-bespattered +face which had already gone white. + +I am used to something sweet. Raisins, fine ones... take them all! he +recalled Ptyas words. And the Cossacks looked round in surprise at the +sound, like the yelp of a dog, with which Densov turned away, walked to +the wattle fence, and seized hold of it. + +Among the Russian prisoners rescued by Densov and Dlokhov was Pierre +Bezkhov. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +During the whole of their march from Moscow no fresh orders had been +issued by the French authorities concerning the party of prisoners +among whom was Pierre. On the twenty-second of October that party was +no longer with the same troops and baggage trains with which it had left +Moscow. Half the wagons laden with hardtack that had traveled the first +stages with them had been captured by Cossacks, the other half had gone +on ahead. Not one of those dismounted cavalrymen who had marched in +front of the prisoners was left they had all disappeared. The artillery +the prisoners had seen in front of them during the first days was +now replaced by Marshal Junots enormous baggage train, convoyed by +Westphalians. Behind the prisoners came a cavalry baggage train. + +From Vyzma onwards the French army, which had till then moved in three +columns, went on as a single group. The symptoms of disorder that Pierre +had noticed at their first halting place after leaving Moscow had now +reached the utmost limit. + +The road along which they moved was bordered on both sides by dead +horses ragged men who had fallen behind from various regiments +continually changed about, now joining the moving column, now again +lagging behind it. + +Several times during the march false alarms had been given and the +soldiers of the escort had raised their muskets, fired, and run +headlong, crushing one another, but had afterwards reassembled and +abused each other for their causeless panic. + +These three groups traveling togetherthe cavalry stores, the convoy of +prisoners, and Junots baggage trainstill constituted a separate and +united whole, though each of the groups was rapidly melting away. + +Of the artillery baggage train which had consisted of a hundred and +twenty wagons, not more than sixty now remained the rest had been +captured or left behind. Some of Junots wagons also had been captured +or abandoned. Three wagons had been raided and robbed by stragglers +from Davouts corps. From the talk of the Germans Pierre learned that +a larger guard had been allotted to that baggage train than to the +prisoners, and that one of their comrades, a German soldier, had been +shot by the marshals own order because a silver spoon belonging to the +marshal had been found in his possession. + +The group of prisoners had melted away most of all. Of the three hundred +and thirty men who had set out from Moscow fewer than a hundred now +remained. The prisoners were more burdensome to the escort than even the +cavalry saddles or Junots baggage. They understood that the saddles and +Junots spoon might be of some use, but that cold and hungry soldiers +should have to stand and guard equally cold and hungry Russians who +froze and lagged behind on the road (in which case the order was to +shoot them) was not merely incomprehensible but revolting. And the +escort, as if afraid, in the grievous condition they themselves were in, +of giving way to the pity they felt for the prisoners and so rendering +their own plight still worse, treated them with particular moroseness +and severity. + +At Dorogobzh while the soldiers of the convoy, after locking the +prisoners in a stable, had gone off to pillage their own stores, several +of the soldier prisoners tunneled under the wall and ran away, but were +recaptured by the French and shot. + +The arrangement adopted when they started, that the officer prisoners +should be kept separate from the rest, had long since been abandoned. +All who could walk went together, and after the third stage Pierre had +rejoined Karatev and the gray-blue bandy-legged dog that had chosen +Karatev for its master. + +On the third day after leaving Moscow Karatev again fell ill with the +fever he had suffered from in the hospital in Moscow, and as he grew +gradually weaker Pierre kept away from him. Pierre did not know why, but +since Karatev had begun to grow weaker it had cost him an effort to +go near him. When he did so and heard the subdued moaning with which +Karatev generally lay down at the halting places, and when he smelled +the odor emanating from him which was now stronger than before, Pierre +moved farther away and did not think about him. + +While imprisoned in the shed Pierre had learned not with his intellect +but with his whole being, by life itself, that man is created for +happiness, that happiness is within him, in the satisfaction of simple +human needs, and that all unhappiness arises not from privation but from +superfluity. And now during these last three weeks of the march he had +learned still another new, consolatory truththat nothing in this world +is terrible. He had learned that as there is no condition in which man +can be happy and entirely free, so there is no condition in which he +need be unhappy and lack freedom. He learned that suffering and freedom +have their limits and that those limits are very near together that the +person in a bed of roses with one crumpled petal suffered as keenly as +he now, sleeping on the bare damp earth with one side growing chilled +while the other was warming and that when he had put on tight dancing +shoes he had suffered just as he did now when he walked with bare feet +that were covered with soreshis footgear having long since fallen to +pieces. He discovered that when he had married his wifeof his own free +will as it had seemed to himhe had been no more free than now when they +locked him up at night in a stable. Of all that he himself subsequently +termed his sufferings, but which at the time he scarcely felt, the worst +was the state of his bare, raw, and scab-covered feet. (The horseflesh +was appetizing and nourishing, the saltpeter flavor of the gunpowder +they used instead of salt was even pleasant there was no great cold, +it was always warm walking in the daytime, and at night there were the +campfires the lice that devoured him warmed his body.) The one thing +that was at first hard to bear was his feet. + +After the second days march Pierre, having examined his feet by the +campfire, thought it would be impossible to walk on them but when +everybody got up he went along, limping, and, when he had warmed up, +walked without feeling the pain, though at night his feet were more +terrible to look at than before. However, he did not look at them now, +but thought of other things. + +Only now did Pierre realize the full strength of life in man and the +saving power he has of transferring his attention from one thing +to another, which is like the safety valve of a boiler that allows +superfluous steam to blow off when the pressure exceeds a certain limit. + +He did not see and did not hear how they shot the prisoners who lagged +behind, though more than a hundred perished in that way. He did not +think of Karatev who grew weaker every day and evidently would soon +have to share that fate. Still less did Pierre think about himself. The +harder his position became and the more terrible the future, the more +independent of that position in which he found himself were the joyful +and comforting thoughts, memories, and imaginings that came to him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +At midday on the twenty-second of October Pierre was going uphill along +the muddy, slippery road, looking at his feet and at the roughness of +the way. Occasionally he glanced at the familiar crowd around him and +then again at his feet. The former and the latter were alike familiar +and his own. The blue-gray bandy legged dog ran merrily along the side +of the road, sometimes in proof of its agility and self-satisfaction +lifting one hind leg and hopping along on three, and then again going on +all four and rushing to bark at the crows that sat on the carrion. The +dog was merrier and sleeker than it had been in Moscow. All around lay +the flesh of different animalsfrom men to horsesin various stages of +decomposition and as the wolves were kept off by the passing men the +dog could eat all it wanted. + +It had been raining since morning and had seemed as if at any moment it +might cease and the sky clear, but after a short break it began raining +harder than before. The saturated road no longer absorbed the water, +which ran along the ruts in streams. + +Pierre walked along, looking from side to side, counting his steps in +threes, and reckoning them off on his fingers. Mentally addressing the +rain, he repeated Now then, now then, go on! Pelt harder! + +It seemed to him that he was thinking of nothing, but far down and +deep within him his soul was occupied with something important and +comforting. This something was a most subtle spiritual deduction from a +conversation with Karatev the day before. + +At their yesterdays halting place, feeling chilly by a dying campfire, +Pierre had got up and gone to the next one, which was burning better. +There Platn Karatev was sitting covered uphead and allwith his +greatcoat as if it were a vestment, telling the soldiers in his +effective and pleasant though now feeble voice a story Pierre knew. It +was already past midnight, the hour when Karatev was usually free of +his fever and particularly lively. When Pierre reached the fire and +heard Platns voice enfeebled by illness, and saw his pathetic face +brightly lit up by the blaze, he felt a painful prick at his heart. His +feeling of pity for this man frightened him and he wished to go away, +but there was no other fire, and Pierre sat down, trying not to look at +Platn. + +Well, how are you? he asked. + +How am I? If we grumble at sickness, God wont grant us death, replied +Platn, and at once resumed the story he had begun. + +And so, brother, he continued, with a smile on his pale emaciated face +and a particularly happy light in his eyes, you see, brother... + +Pierre had long been familiar with that story. Karatev had told it +to him alone some half-dozen times and always with a specially joyful +emotion. But well as he knew it, Pierre now listened to that tale as to +something new, and the quiet rapture Karatev evidently felt as he told +it communicated itself also to Pierre. The story was of an old merchant +who lived a good and God-fearing life with his family, and who went once +to the Nzhni fair with a companiona rich merchant. + +Having put up at an inn they both went to sleep, and next morning his +companion was found robbed and with his throat cut. A bloodstained knife +was found under the old merchants pillow. He was tried, knouted, and +his nostrils having been torn off, all in due form as Karatev put it, +he was sent to hard labor in Siberia. + +And so, brother (it was at this point that Pierre came up), ten years +or more passed by. The old man was living as a convict, submitting as +he should and doing no wrong. Only he prayed to God for death. Well, one +night the convicts were gathered just as we are, with the old man among +them. And they began telling what each was suffering for, and how they +had sinned against God. One told how he had taken a life, another had +taken two, a third had set a house on fire, while another had simply +been a vagrant and had done nothing. So they asked the old man What +are you being punished for, Daddy?I, my dear brothers, said he, am +being punished for my own and other mens sins. But I have not killed +anyone or taken anything that was not mine, but have only helped my +poorer brothers. I was a merchant, my dear brothers, and had much +property. And he went on to tell them all about it in due order. I +dont grieve for myself, he says, God, it seems, has chastened me. +Only I am sorry for my old wife and the children, and the old man began +to weep. Now it happened that in the group was the very man who had +killed the other merchant. Where did it happen, Daddy? he said. When, +and in what month? He asked all about it and his heart began to ache. +So he comes up to the old man like this, and falls down at his feet! +You are perishing because of me, Daddy, he says. Its quite true, +lads, that this man, he says, is being tortured innocently and for +nothing! I, he says, did that deed, and I put the knife under your +head while you were asleep. Forgive me, Daddy, he says, for Christs +sake! + +Karatev paused, smiling joyously as he gazed into the fire, and he drew +the logs together. + +And the old man said, God will forgive you, we are all sinners in His +sight. I suffer for my own sins, and he wept bitter tears. Well, +and what do you think, dear friends? Karatev continued, his face +brightening more and more with a rapturous smile as if what he now had +to tell contained the chief charm and the whole meaning of his story +What do you think, dear fellows? That murderer confessed to the +authorities. I have taken six lives, he says (he was a great sinner), +but what I am most sorry for is this old man. Dont let him suffer +because of me. So he confessed and it was all written down and the +papers sent off in due form. The place was a long way off, and while +they were judging, what with one thing and another, filling in the +papers all in due formthe authorities I meantime passed. The affair +reached the Tsar. After a while the Tsars decree came to set the +merchant free and give him a compensation that had been awarded. The +paper arrived and they began to look for the old man. Where is the old +man who has been suffering innocently and in vain? A paper has come from +the Tsar! so they began looking for him, here Karatevs lower jaw +trembled, but God had already forgiven himhe was dead! Thats how it +was, dear fellows! Karatev concluded and sat for a long time silent, +gazing before him with a smile. + +And Pierres soul was dimly but joyfully filled not by the story itself +but by its mysterious significance by the rapturous joy that lit up +Karatevs face as he told it, and the mystic significance of that joy. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + + vos places! * suddenly cried a voice. + + * To your places. + + +A pleasant feeling of excitement and an expectation of something +joyful and solemn was aroused among the soldiers of the convoy and the +prisoners. From all sides came shouts of command, and from the left came +smartly dressed cavalrymen on good horses, passing the prisoners at a +trot. The expression on all faces showed the tension people feel at the +approach of those in authority. The prisoners thronged together and were +pushed off the road. The convoy formed up. + +The Emperor! The Emperor! The Marshal! The Duke! and hardly had the +sleek cavalry passed, before a carriage drawn by six gray horses rattled +by. Pierre caught a glimpse of a man in a three-cornered hat with a +tranquil look on his handsome, plump, white face. It was one of the +marshals. His eye fell on Pierres large and striking figure, and in +the expression with which he frowned and looked away Pierre thought he +detected sympathy and a desire to conceal that sympathy. + +The general in charge of the stores galloped after the carriage with a +red and frightened face, whipping up his skinny horse. Several officers +formed a group and some soldiers crowded round them. Their faces all +looked excited and worried. + +What did he say? What did he say? Pierre heard them ask. + +While the marshal was passing, the prisoners had huddled together in a +crowd, and Pierre saw Karatev whom he had not yet seen that morning. +He sat in his short overcoat leaning against a birch tree. On his face, +besides the look of joyful emotion it had worn yesterday while telling +the tale of the merchant who suffered innocently, there was now an +expression of quiet solemnity. + +Karatev looked at Pierre with his kindly round eyes now filled with +tears, evidently wishing him to come near that he might say something to +him. But Pierre was not sufficiently sure of himself. He made as if he +did not notice that look and moved hastily away. + +When the prisoners again went forward Pierre looked round. Karatev +was still sitting at the side of the road under the birch tree and two +Frenchmen were talking over his head. Pierre did not look round again +but went limping up the hill. + +From behind, where Karatev had been sitting, came the sound of a shot. +Pierre heard it plainly, but at that moment he remembered that he +had not yet finished reckoning up how many stages still remained to +Smolnska calculation he had begun before the marshal went by. And he +again started reckoning. Two French soldiers ran past Pierre, one of +whom carried a lowered and smoking gun. They both looked pale, and +in the expression on their facesone of them glanced timidly at +Pierrethere was something resembling what he had seen on the face of +the young soldier at the execution. Pierre looked at the soldier and +remembered that, two days before, that man had burned his shirt while +drying it at the fire and how they had laughed at him. + +Behind him, where Karatev had been sitting, the dog began to howl. +What a stupid beast! Why is it howling? thought Pierre. + +His comrades, the prisoner soldiers walking beside him, avoided looking +back at the place where the shot had been fired and the dog was howling, +just as Pierre did, but there was a set look on all their faces. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +The stores, the prisoners, and the marshals baggage train stopped at +the village of Shmshevo. The men crowded together round the campfires. +Pierre went up to the fire, ate some roast horseflesh, lay down with his +back to the fire, and immediately fell asleep. He again slept as he had +done at Mozhysk after the battle of Borodin. + +Again real events mingled with dreams and again someone, he or another, +gave expression to his thoughts, and even to the same thoughts that had +been expressed in his dream at Mozhysk. + +Life is everything. Life is God. Everything changes and moves and that +movement is God. And while there is life there is joy in consciousness +of the divine. To love life is to love God. Harder and more blessed +than all else is to love this life in ones sufferings, in innocent +sufferings. + +Karatev! came to Pierres mind. + +And suddenly he saw vividly before him a long-forgotten, kindly old man +who had given him geography lessons in Switzerland. Wait a bit, said +the old man, and showed Pierre a globe. This globe was alivea vibrating +ball without fixed dimensions. Its whole surface consisted of drops +closely pressed together, and all these drops moved and changed places, +sometimes several of them merging into one, sometimes one dividing +into many. Each drop tried to spread out and occupy as much space as +possible, but others striving to do the same compressed it, sometimes +destroyed it, and sometimes merged with it. + +That is life, said the old teacher. + +How simple and clear it is, thought Pierre. How is it I did not know +it before? + +God is in the midst, and each drop tries to expand so as to reflect +Him to the greatest extent. And it grows, merges, disappears from the +surface, sinks to the depths, and again emerges. There now, Karatev +has spread out and disappeared. Do you understand, my child? said the +teacher. + +Do you understand, damn you? shouted a voice, and Pierre woke up. + +He lifted himself and sat up. A Frenchman who had just pushed a Russian +soldier away was squatting by the fire, engaged in roasting a piece +of meat stuck on a ramrod. His sleeves were rolled up and his sinewy, +hairy, red hands with their short fingers deftly turned the ramrod. His +brown morose face with frowning brows was clearly visible by the glow of +the charcoal. + +Its all the same to him, he muttered, turning quickly to a soldier +who stood behind him. Brigand! Get away! + +And twisting the ramrod he looked gloomily at Pierre, who turned +away and gazed into the darkness. A prisoner, the Russian soldier the +Frenchman had pushed away, was sitting near the fire patting something +with his hand. Looking more closely Pierre recognized the blue-gray dog, +sitting beside the soldier, wagging its tail. + +Ah, hes come? said Pierre. And Plat he began, but did not finish. + +Suddenly and simultaneously a crowd of memories awoke in his fancyof +the look Platn had given him as he sat under the tree, of the shot +heard from that spot, of the dogs howl, of the guilty faces of the two +Frenchmen as they ran past him, of the lowered and smoking gun, and of +Karatevs absence at this haltand he was on the point of realizing +that Karatev had been killed, but just at that instant, he knew not +why, the recollection came to his mind of a summer evening he had spent +with a beautiful Polish lady on the veranda of his house in Kiev. And +without linking up the events of the day or drawing a conclusion +from them, Pierre closed his eyes, seeing a vision of the country in +summertime mingled with memories of bathing and of the liquid, vibrating +globe, and he sank into water so that it closed over his head. + +Before sunrise he was awakened by shouts and loud and rapid firing. +French soldiers were running past him. + +The Cossacks! one of them shouted, and a moment later a crowd of +Russians surrounded Pierre. + +For a long time he could not understand what was happening to him. All +around he heard his comrades sobbing with joy. + +Brothers! Dear fellows! Darlings! old soldiers exclaimed, weeping, as +they embraced Cossacks and hussars. + +The hussars and Cossacks crowded round the prisoners one offered them +clothes, another boots, and a third bread. Pierre sobbed as he sat +among them and could not utter a word. He hugged the first soldier who +approached him, and kissed him, weeping. + +Dlokhov stood at the gate of the ruined house, letting a crowd +of disarmed Frenchmen pass by. The French, excited by all that had +happened, were talking loudly among themselves, but as they passed +Dlokhov who gently switched his boots with his whip and watched them +with cold glassy eyes that boded no good, they became silent. On the +opposite side stood Dlokhovs Cossack, counting the prisoners and +marking off each hundred with a chalk line on the gate. + +How many? Dlokhov asked the Cossack. + +The second hundred, replied the Cossack. + +Filez, filez! * Dlokhov kept saying, having adopted this expression +from the French, and when his eyes met those of the prisoners they +flashed with a cruel light. + + * Get along, get along! + + +Densov, bareheaded and with a gloomy face, walked behind some Cossacks +who were carrying the body of Ptya Rostv to a hole that had been dug +in the garden. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +After the twenty-eighth of October when the frosts began, the flight of +the French assumed a still more tragic character, with men freezing, +or roasting themselves to death at the campfires, while carriages +with people dressed in furs continued to drive past, carrying away the +property that had been stolen by the Emperor, kings, and dukes but +the process of the flight and disintegration of the French army went on +essentially as before. + +From Moscow to Vyzma the French army of seventy-three thousand men not +reckoning the Guards (who did nothing during the whole war but pillage) +was reduced to thirty-six thousand, though not more than five thousand +had fallen in battle. From this beginning the succeeding terms of the +progression could be determined mathematically. The French army melted +away and perished at the same rate from Moscow to Vyzma, from Vyzma +to Smolnsk, from Smolnsk to the Berzina, and from the Berzina to +Vlnaindependently of the greater or lesser intensity of the cold, the +pursuit, the barring of the way, or any other particular conditions. +Beyond Vyzma the French army instead of moving in three columns huddled +together into one mass, and so went on to the end. Berthier wrote to his +Emperor (we know how far commanding officers allow themselves to diverge +from the truth in describing the condition of an army) and this is what +he said + + +I deem it my duty to report to Your Majesty the condition of the various +corps I have had occasion to observe during different stages of the last +two or three days march. They are almost disbanded. Scarcely a quarter +of the soldiers remain with the standards of their regiments, the others +go off by themselves in different directions hoping to find food and +escape discipline. In general they regard Smolnsk as the place where +they hope to recover. During the last few days many of the men have been +seen to throw away their cartridges and their arms. In such a state +of affairs, whatever your ultimate plans may be, the interest of Your +Majestys service demands that the army should be rallied at Smolnsk +and should first of all be freed from ineffectives, such as dismounted +cavalry, unnecessary baggage, and artillery material that is no longer +in proportion to the present forces. The soldiers, who are worn out with +hunger and fatigue, need these supplies as well as a few days rest. +Many have died these last days on the road or at the bivouacs. This +state of things is continually becoming worse and makes one fear that +unless a prompt remedy is applied the troops will no longer be under +control in case of an engagement. + +November 9 twenty miles from Smolnsk. + + +After staggering into Smolnsk which seemed to them a promised land, the +French, searching for food, killed one another, sacked their own stores, +and when everything had been plundered fled farther. + +They all went without knowing whither or why they were going. Still less +did that genius, Napoleon, know it, for no one issued any orders to +him. But still he and those about him retained their old habits wrote +commands, letters, reports, and orders of the day called one another +sire, mon cousin, prince dEckmhl, roi de Naples, and so on. But these +orders and reports were only on paper, nothing in them was acted upon +for they could not be carried out, and though they entitled one +another Majesties, Highnesses, or Cousins, they all felt that they were +miserable wretches who had done much evil for which they had now to +pay. And though they pretended to be concerned about the army, each +was thinking only of himself and of how to get away quickly and save +himself. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +The movements of the Russian and French armies during the campaign +from Moscow back to the Niemen were like those in a game of Russian +blindmans buff, in which two players are blindfolded and one of +them occasionally rings a little bell to inform the catcher of his +whereabouts. First he rings his bell fearlessly, but when he gets into +a tight place he runs away as quietly as he can, and often thinking to +escape runs straight into his opponents arms. + +At first while they were still moving along the Kalga road, Napoleons +armies made their presence known, but later when they reached the +Smolnsk road they ran holding the clapper of their bell tightand often +thinking they were escaping ran right into the Russians. + +Owing to the rapidity of the French flight and the Russian pursuit +and the consequent exhaustion of the horses, the chief means of +approximately ascertaining the enemys positionby cavalry scoutingwas +not available. Besides, as a result of the frequent and rapid change of +position by each army, even what information was obtained could not be +delivered in time. If news was received one day that the enemy had been +in a certain position the day before, by the third day when something +could have been done, that army was already two days march farther on +and in quite another position. + +One army fled and the other pursued. Beyond Smolnsk there were several +different roads available for the French, and one would have thought +that during their stay of four days they might have learned where +the enemy was, might have arranged some more advantageous plan and +undertaken something new. But after a four days halt the mob, with no +maneuvers or plans, again began running along the beaten track, neither +to the right nor to the left but along the oldthe worstroad, through +Krsnoe and Orsh. + +Expecting the enemy from behind and not in front, the French separated +in their flight and spread out over a distance of twenty-four hours. In +front of them all fled the Emperor, then the kings, then the dukes. The +Russian army, expecting Napoleon to take the road to the right beyond +the Dnieperwhich was the only reasonable thing for him to dothemselves +turned to the right and came out onto the highroad at Krsnoe. And here +as in a game of blindmans buff the French ran into our vanguard. Seeing +their enemy unexpectedly the French fell into confusion and stopped +short from the sudden fright, but then they resumed their flight, +abandoning their comrades who were farther behind. Then for three days +separate portions of the French armyfirst Murats (the vice-kings), +then Davouts, and then Neysran, as it were, the gauntlet of the +Russian army. They abandoned one another, abandoned all their heavy +baggage, their artillery, and half their men, and fled, getting past the +Russians by night by making semicircles to the right. + +Ney, who came last, had been busying himself blowing up the walls of +Smolnsk which were in nobodys way, because despite the unfortunate +plight of the French or because of it, they wished to punish the floor +against which they had hurt themselves. Ney, who had had a corps of ten +thousand men, reached Napoleon at Orsh with only one thousand men left, +having abandoned all the rest and all his cannon, and having crossed the +Dnieper at night by stealth at a wooded spot. + +From Orsh they fled farther along the road to Vlna, still playing +at blindmans buff with the pursuing army. At the Berzina they again +became disorganized, many were drowned and many surrendered, but those +who got across the river fled farther. Their supreme chief donned a +fur coat and, having seated himself in a sleigh, galloped on alone, +abandoning his companions. The others who could do so drove away too, +leaving those who could not to surrender or die. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +This campaign consisted in a flight of the French during which they did +all they could to destroy themselves. From the time they turned onto +the Kalga road to the day their leader fled from the army, none of the +movements of the crowd had any sense. So one might have thought that +regarding this period of the campaign the historians, who attributed +the actions of the mass to the will of one man, would have found it +impossible to make the story of the retreat fit their theory. But +no! Mountains of books have been written by the historians about this +campaign, and everywhere are described Napoleons arrangements, the +maneuvers, and his profound plans which guided the army, as well as the +military genius shown by his marshals. + +The retreat from Mlo-Yaroslvets when he had a free road into a +well-supplied district and the parallel road was open to him along +which Kutzov afterwards pursued himthis unnecessary retreat along +a devastated roadis explained to us as being due to profound +considerations. Similarly profound considerations are given for +his retreat from Smolnsk to Orsh. Then his heroism at Krsnoe is +described, where he is reported to have been prepared to accept battle +and take personal command, and to have walked about with a birch stick +and said + +Jai assez fait lempereur il est temps de faire le gnral, * but +nevertheless immediately ran away again, abandoning to its fate the +scattered fragments of the army he left behind. + + * I have acted the Emperor long enough it is time to act + the general. + + +Then we are told of the greatness of soul of the marshals, especially +of Neya greatness of soul consisting in this that he made his way by +night around through the forest and across the Dnieper and escaped to +Orsh, abandoning standards, artillery, and nine tenths of his men. + +And lastly, the final departure of the great Emperor from his heroic +army is presented to us by the historians as something great and +characteristic of genius. Even that final running away, described in +ordinary language as the lowest depth of baseness which every child +is taught to be ashamed ofeven that act finds justification in the +historians language. + +When it is impossible to stretch the very elastic threads of historical +ratiocination any farther, when actions are clearly contrary to all +that humanity calls right or even just, the historians produce a saving +conception of greatness. Greatness, it seems, excludes the standards +of right and wrong. For the great man nothing is wrong, there is no +atrocity for which a great man can be blamed. + +Cest grand! * say the historians, and there no longer exists either +good or evil but only grand and not grand. Grand is good, not +grand is bad. Grand is the characteristic, in their conception, of some +special animals called heroes. And Napoleon, escaping home in a warm +fur coat and leaving to perish those who were not merely his comrades +but were (in his opinion) men he had brought there, feels que cest +grand, *(2) and his soul is tranquil. + + * It is great. + + * (2) That it is great. + +Du sublime (he saw something sublime in himself) au ridicule il ny +a quun pas, * said he. And the whole world for fifty years has been +repeating Sublime! Grand! Napolon le Grand! Du sublime au ridicule +il ny a quun pas. + + * From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a step. + + +And it occurs to no one that to admit a greatness not commensurable with +the standard of right and wrong is merely to admit ones own nothingness +and immeasurable meanness. + +For us with the standard of good and evil given us by Christ, no human +actions are incommensurable. And there is no greatness where simplicity, +goodness, and truth are absent. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +What Russian, reading the account of the last part of the campaign +of 1812, has not experienced an uncomfortable feeling of regret, +dissatisfaction, and perplexity? Who has not asked himself how it is +that the French were not all captured or destroyed when our three armies +surrounded them in superior numbers, when the disordered French, hungry +and freezing, surrendered in crowds, and when (as the historians relate) +the aim of the Russians was to stop the French, to cut them off, and +capture them all? + +How was it that the Russian army, which when numerically weaker than the +French had given battle at Borodin, did not achieve its purpose when it +had surrounded the French on three sides and when its aim was to capture +them? Can the French be so enormously superior to us that when we had +surrounded them with superior forces we could not beat them? How could +that happen? + +History (or what is called by that name) replying to these questions +says that this occurred because Kutzov and Tormsov and Chichagv, and +this man and that man, did not execute such and such maneuvers.... + +But why did they not execute those maneuvers? And why if they were +guilty of not carrying out a prearranged plan were they not tried and +punished? But even if we admitted that Kutzov, Chichagv, and others +were the cause of the Russian failures, it is still incomprehensible +why, the position of the Russian army being what it was at Krsnoe and +at the Berzina (in both cases we had superior forces), the French army +with its marshals, kings, and Emperor was not captured, if that was what +the Russians aimed at. + +The explanation of this strange fact given by Russian military +historians (to the effect that Kutzov hindered an attack) is unfounded, +for we know that he could not restrain the troops from attacking at +Vyzma and Tartino. + +Why was the Russian armywhich with inferior forces had withstood the +enemy in full strength at Borodindefeated at Krsnoe and the Berzina +by the disorganized crowds of the French when it was numerically +superior? + +If the aim of the Russians consisted in cutting off and capturing +Napoleon and his marshalsand that aim was not merely frustrated but all +attempts to attain it were most shamefully baffledthen this last period +of the campaign is quite rightly considered by the French to be a +series of victories, and quite wrongly considered victorious by Russian +historians. + +The Russian military historians in so far as they submit to claims +of logic must admit that conclusion, and in spite of their lyrical +rhapsodies about valor, devotion, and so forth, must reluctantly admit +that the French retreat from Moscow was a series of victories for +Napoleon and defeats for Kutzov. + +But putting national vanity entirely aside one feels that such a +conclusion involves a contradiction, since the series of French +victories brought the French complete destruction, while the series +of Russian defeats led to the total destruction of their enemy and the +liberation of their country. + +The source of this contradiction lies in the fact that the historians +studying the events from the letters of the sovereigns and the generals, +from memoirs, reports, projects, and so forth, have attributed to this +last period of the war of 1812 an aim that never existed, namely that of +cutting off and capturing Napoleon with his marshals and his army. + +There never was or could have been such an aim, for it would have been +senseless and its attainment quite impossible. + +It would have been senseless, first because Napoleons disorganized +army was flying from Russia with all possible speed, that is to say, was +doing just what every Russian desired. So what was the use of performing +various operations on the French who were running away as fast as they +possibly could? + +Secondly, it would have been senseless to block the passage of men whose +whole energy was directed to flight. + +Thirdly, it would have been senseless to sacrifice ones own troops in +order to destroy the French army, which without external interference +was destroying itself at such a rate that, though its path was not +blocked, it could not carry across the frontier more than it actually +did in December, namely a hundredth part of the original army. + +Fourthly, it would have been senseless to wish to take captive the +Emperor, kings, and dukeswhose capture would have been in the highest +degree embarrassing for the Russians, as the most adroit diplomatists of +the time (Joseph de Maistre and others) recognized. Still more senseless +would have been the wish to capture army corps of the French, when our +own army had melted away to half before reaching Krsnoe and a whole +division would have been needed to convoy the corps of prisoners, and +when our men were not always getting full rations and the prisoners +already taken were perishing of hunger. + +All the profound plans about cutting off and capturing Napoleon and his +army were like the plan of a market gardener who, when driving out of +his garden a cow that had trampled down the beds he had planted, should +run to the gate and hit the cow on the head. The only thing to be said +in excuse of that gardener would be that he was very angry. But not even +that could be said for those who drew up this project, for it was not +they who had suffered from the trampled beds. + +But besides the fact that cutting off Napoleon with his army would have +been senseless, it was impossible. + +It was impossible first becauseas experience shows that a three-mile +movement of columns on a battlefield never coincides with the plansthe +probability of Chichagv, Kutzov, and Wittgenstein effecting a junction +on time at an appointed place was so remote as to be tantamount to +impossibility, as in fact thought Kutzov, who when he received the plan +remarked that diversions planned over great distances do not yield the +desired results. + +Secondly it was impossible, because to paralyze the momentum with which +Napoleons army was retiring, incomparably greater forces than the +Russians possessed would have been required. + +Thirdly it was impossible, because the military term to cut off has no +meaning. One can cut off a slice of bread, but not an army. To cut off +an armyto bar its roadis quite impossible, for there is always plenty +of room to avoid capture and there is the night when nothing can be +seen, as the military scientists might convince themselves by the +example of Krsnoe and of the Berzina. It is only possible to capture +prisoners if they agree to be captured, just as it is only possible +to catch a swallow if it settles on ones hand. Men can only be taken +prisoners if they surrender according to the rules of strategy and +tactics, as the Germans did. But the French troops quite rightly did not +consider that this suited them, since death by hunger and cold awaited +them in flight or captivity alike. + +Fourthly and chiefly it was impossible, because never since the world +began has a war been fought under such conditions as those that obtained +in 1812, and the Russian army in its pursuit of the French strained its +strength to the utmost and could not have done more without destroying +itself. + +During the movement of the Russian army from Tartino to Krsnoe it +lost fifty thousand sick or stragglers, that is a number equal to the +population of a large provincial town. Half the men fell out of the army +without a battle. + +And it is of this period of the campaignwhen the army lacked boots +and sheepskin coats, was short of provisions and without vodka, and +was camping out at night for months in the snow with fifteen degrees +of frost, when there were only seven or eight hours of daylight and +the rest was night in which the influence of discipline cannot be +maintained, when men were taken into that region of death where +discipline fails, not for a few hours only as in a battle, but for +months, where they were every moment fighting death from hunger and +cold, when half the army perished in a single monthit is of this period +of the campaign that the historians tell us how Milordovich should have +made a flank march to such and such a place, Tormsov to another place, +and Chichagv should have crossed (more than knee-deep in snow) to +somewhere else, and how so-and-so routed and cut off the French and +so on and so on. + +The Russians, half of whom died, did all that could and should have been +done to attain an end worthy of the nation, and they are not to blame +because other Russians, sitting in warm rooms, proposed that they should +do what was impossible. + +All that strange contradiction now difficult to understand between the +facts and the historical accounts only arises because the historians +dealing with the matter have written the history of the beautiful words +and sentiments of various generals, and not the history of the events. + +To them the words of Milordovich seem very interesting, and so do their +surmises and the rewards this or that general received but the question +of those fifty thousand men who were left in hospitals and in graves +does not even interest them, for it does not come within the range of +their investigation. + +Yet one need only discard the study of the reports and general plans and +consider the movement of those hundreds of thousands of men who took a +direct part in the events, and all the questions that seemed insoluble +easily and simply receive an immediate and certain solution. + +The aim of cutting off Napoleon and his army never existed except in +the imaginations of a dozen people. It could not exist because it was +senseless and unattainable. + +The people had a single aim to free their land from invasion. That aim +was attained in the first place of itself, as the French ran away, +and so it was only necessary not to stop their flight. Secondly it was +attained by the guerrilla warfare which was destroying the French, and +thirdly by the fact that a large Russian army was following the French, +ready to use its strength in case their movement stopped. + +The Russian army had to act like a whip to a running animal. And the +experienced driver knew it was better to hold the whip raised as a +menace than to strike the running animal on the head. + + + + + +BOOK FIFTEEN 1812 - 13 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +When seeing a dying animal a man feels a sense of horror substance +similar to his own is perishing before his eyes. But when it is a +beloved and intimate human being that is dying, besides this horror at +the extinction of life there is a severance, a spiritual wound, which +like a physical wound is sometimes fatal and sometimes heals, but always +aches and shrinks at any external irritating touch. + +After Prince Andrews death Natsha and Princess Mary alike felt this. +Drooping in spirit and closing their eyes before the menacing cloud of +death that overhung them, they dared not look life in the face. They +carefully guarded their open wounds from any rough and painful contact. +Everything a carriage passing rapidly in the street, a summons to +dinner, the maids inquiry what dress to prepare, or worse still any +word of insincere or feeble sympathy, seemed an insult, painfully +irritated the wound, interrupting that necessary quiet in which +they both tried to listen to the stern and dreadful choir that still +resounded in their imagination, and hindered their gazing into those +mysterious limitless vistas that for an instant had opened out before +them. + +Only when alone together were they free from such outrage and pain. +They spoke little even to one another, and when they did it was of very +unimportant matters. + +Both avoided any allusion to the future. To admit the possibility of +a future seemed to them to insult his memory. Still more carefully did +they avoid anything relating to him who was dead. It seemed to them that +what they had lived through and experienced could not be expressed in +words, and that any reference to the details of his life infringed the +majesty and sacredness of the mystery that had been accomplished before +their eyes. + +Continued abstention from speech, and constant avoidance of everything +that might lead up to the subjectthis halting on all sides at the +boundary of what they might not mentionbrought before their minds with +still greater purity and clearness what they were both feeling. + +But pure and complete sorrow is as impossible as pure and complete joy. +Princess Mary, in her position as absolute and independent arbiter of +her own fate and guardian and instructor of her nephew, was the first to +be called back to life from that realm of sorrow in which she had dwelt +for the first fortnight. She received letters from her relations to +which she had to reply the room in which little Nicholas had been put +was damp and he began to cough Alptych came to Yaroslvl with reports +on the state of their affairs and with advice and suggestions that they +should return to Moscow to the house on the Vozdvzhenka Street, which +had remained uninjured and needed only slight repairs. Life did not +stand still and it was necessary to live. Hard as it was for Princess +Mary to emerge from the realm of secluded contemplation in which she +had lived till then, and sorry and almost ashamed as she felt to leave +Natsha alone, yet the cares of life demanded her attention and she +involuntarily yielded to them. She went through the accounts with +Alptych, conferred with Dessalles about her nephew, and gave orders and +made preparations for the journey to Moscow. + +Natsha remained alone and, from the time Princess Mary began making +preparations for departure, held aloof from her too. + +Princess Mary asked the countess to let Natsha go with her to Moscow, +and both parents gladly accepted this offer, for they saw their daughter +losing strength every day and thought that a change of scene and the +advice of Moscow doctors would be good for her. + +I am not going anywhere, Natsha replied when this was proposed to +her. Do please just leave me alone! And she ran out of the room, with +difficulty refraining from tears of vexation and irritation rather than +of sorrow. + +After she felt herself deserted by Princes Mary and alone in her grief, +Natsha spent most of the time in her room by herself, sitting huddled +up feet and all in the corner of the sofa, tearing and twisting +something with her slender nervous fingers and gazing intently and +fixedly at whatever her eyes chanced to fall on. This solitude exhausted +and tormented her but she was in absolute need of it. As soon as anyone +entered she got up quickly, changed her position and expression, and +picked up a book or some sewing, evidently waiting impatiently for the +intruder to go. + +She felt all the time as if she might at any moment penetrate that +on whichwith a terrible questioning too great for her strengthher +spiritual gaze was fixed. + +One day toward the end of December Natsha, pale and thin, dressed in a +black woolen gown, her plaited hair negligently twisted into a knot, was +crouched feet and all in the corner of her sofa, nervously crumpling and +smoothing out the end of her sash while she looked at a corner of the +door. + +She was gazing in the direction in which he had goneto the other side +of life. And that other side of life, of which she had never before +thought and which had formerly seemed to her so far away and improbable, +was now nearer and more akin and more comprehensible than this side of +life, where everything was either emptiness and desolation or suffering +and indignity. + +She was gazing where she knew him to be but she could not imagine him +otherwise than as he had been here. She now saw him again as he had been +at Mytshchi, at Tritsa, and at Yaroslvl. + +She saw his face, heard his voice, repeated his words and her own, and +sometimes devised other words they might have spoken. + +There he is lying back in an armchair in his velvet cloak, leaning +his head on his thin pale hand. His chest is dreadfully hollow and his +shoulders raised. His lips are firmly closed, his eyes glitter, and a +wrinkle comes and goes on his pale forehead. One of his legs twitches +just perceptibly, but rapidly. Natsha knows that he is struggling with +terrible pain. What is that pain like? Why does he have that pain? What +does he feel? How does it hurt him? thought Natsha. He noticed her +watching him, raised his eyes, and began to speak seriously + +One thing would be terrible, said he to bind oneself forever to a +suffering man. It would be continual torture. And he looked searchingly +at her. Natsha as usual answered before she had time to think what she +would say. She said This cant go onit wont. You will get wellquite +well. + +She now saw him from the commencement of that scene and relived what she +had then felt. She recalled his long sad and severe look at those words +and understood the meaning of the rebuke and despair in that protracted +gaze. + +I agreed, Natsha now said to herself, that it would be dreadful if +he always continued to suffer. I said it then only because it would have +been dreadful for him, but he understood it differently. He thought it +would be dreadful for me. He then still wished to live and feared death. +And I said it so awkwardly and stupidly! I did not say what I meant. +I thought quite differently. Had I said what I thought, I should have +said even if he had to go on dying, to die continually before my eyes, +I should have been happy compared with what I am now. Now there is +nothing... nobody. Did he know that? No, he did not and never will know +it. And now it will never, never be possible to put it right. And +now he again seemed to be saying the same words to her, only in her +imagination Natsha this time gave him a different answer. She stopped +him and said Terrible for you, but not for me! You know that for me +there is nothing in life but you, and to suffer with you is the greatest +happiness for me, and he took her hand and pressed it as he had +pressed it that terrible evening four days before his death. And in her +imagination she said other tender and loving words which she might have +said then but only spoke now I love thee!... thee! I love, love... +she said, convulsively pressing her hands and setting her teeth with a +desperate effort.... + +She was overcome by sweet sorrow and tears were already rising in her +eyes then she suddenly asked herself to whom she was saying this. +Again everything was shrouded in hard, dry perplexity, and again with a +strained frown she peered toward the world where he was. And now, now +it seemed to her she was penetrating the mystery.... But at the instant +when it seemed that the incomprehensible was revealing itself to her a +loud rattle of the door handle struck painfully on her ears. Dunysha, +her maid, entered the room quickly and abruptly with a frightened look +on her face and showing no concern for her mistress. + +Come to your Papa at once, please! said she with a strange, excited +look. A misfortune... about Peter Ilnich... a letter, she finished +with a sob. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +Besides a feeling of aloofness from everybody Natsha was feeling a +special estrangement from the members of her own family. All of +themher father, mother, and Snyawere so near to her, so familiar, so +commonplace, that all their words and feelings seemed an insult to the +world in which she had been living of late, and she felt not merely +indifferent to them but regarded them with hostility. She heard +Dunyshas words about Peter Ilnich and a misfortune, but did not grasp +them. + +What misfortune? What misfortune can happen to them? They just live +their own old, quiet, and commonplace life, thought Natsha. + +As she entered the ballroom her father was hurriedly coming out of +her mothers room. His face was puckered up and wet with tears. He +had evidently run out of that room to give vent to the sobs that were +choking him. When he saw Natsha he waved his arms despairingly and +burst into convulsively painful sobs that distorted his soft round face. + +Pe... Ptya... Go, go, she... is calling... and weeping like a child +and quickly shuffling on his feeble legs to a chair, he almost fell into +it, covering his face with his hands. + +Suddenly an electric shock seemed to run through Natshas whole being. +Terrible anguish struck her heart, she felt a dreadful ache as if +something was being torn inside her and she were dying. But the pain +was immediately followed by a feeling of release from the oppressive +constraint that had prevented her taking part in life. The sight of her +father, the terribly wild cries of her mother that she heard through the +door, made her immediately forget herself and her own grief. + +She ran to her father, but he feebly waved his arm, pointing to her +mothers door. Princess Mary, pale and with quivering chin, came out +from that room and taking Natsha by the arm said something to her. +Natsha neither saw nor heard her. She went in with rapid steps, pausing +at the door for an instant as if struggling with herself, and then ran +to her mother. + +The countess was lying in an armchair in a strange and awkward position, +stretching out and beating her head against the wall. Snya and the +maids were holding her arms. + +Natsha! Natsha!... cried the countess. Its not true... its not +true... Hes lying... Natsha! she shrieked, pushing those around her +away. Go away, all of you its not true! Killed!... ha, ha, ha!... +Its not true! + +Natsha put one knee on the armchair, stooped over her mother, embraced +her, and with unexpected strength raised her, turned her face toward +herself, and clung to her. + +Mummy!... darling!... I am here, my dearest Mummy, she kept on +whispering, not pausing an instant. + +She did not let go of her mother but struggled tenderly with her, +demanded a pillow and hot water, and unfastened and tore open her +mothers dress. + +My dearest darling... Mummy, my precious!... she whispered +incessantly, kissing her head, her hands, her face, and feeling her own +irrepressible and streaming tears tickling her nose and cheeks. + +The countess pressed her daughters hand, closed her eyes, and became +quiet for a moment. Suddenly she sat up with unaccustomed swiftness, +glanced vacantly around her, and seeing Natsha began to press her +daughters head with all her strength. Then she turned toward her +daughters face which was wincing with pain and gazed long at it. + +Natsha, you love me? she said in a soft trustful whisper. Natsha, +you would not deceive me? Youll tell me the whole truth? + +Natsha looked at her with eyes full of tears and in her look there was +nothing but love and an entreaty for forgiveness. + +My darling Mummy! she repeated, straining all the power of her love to +find some way of taking on herself the excess of grief that crushed her +mother. + +And again in a futile struggle with reality her mother, refusing to +believe that she could live when her beloved boy was killed in the bloom +of life, escaped from reality into a world of delirium. + +Natsha did not remember how that day passed nor that night, nor the +next day and night. She did not sleep and did not leave her mother. Her +persevering and patient love seemed completely to surround the countess +every moment, not explaining or consoling, but recalling her to life. + +During the third night the countess kept very quiet for a few minutes, +and Natsha rested her head on the arm of her chair and closed her eyes, +but opened them again on hearing the bedstead creak. The countess was +sitting up in bed and speaking softly. + +How glad I am you have come. You are tired. Wont you have some tea? +Natsha went up to her. You have improved in looks and grown more +manly, continued the countess, taking her daughters hand. + +Mamma! What are you saying... + +Natsha, he is no more, no more! + +And embracing her daughter, the countess began to weep for the first +time. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +Princess Mary postponed her departure. Snya and the count tried to +replace Natsha but could not. They saw that she alone was able to +restrain her mother from unreasoning despair. For three weeks Natsha +remained constantly at her mothers side, sleeping on a lounge chair +in her room, making her eat and drink, and talking to her incessantly +because the mere sound of her tender, caressing tones soothed her +mother. + +The mothers wounded spirit could not heal. Ptyas death had torn from +her half her life. When the news of Ptyas death had come she had been +a fresh and vigorous woman of fifty, but a month later she left her room +a listless old woman taking no interest in life. But the same blow that +almost killed the countess, this second blow, restored Natsha to life. + +A spiritual wound produced by a rending of the spiritual body is like +a physical wound and, strange as it may seem, just as a deep wound may +heal and its edges join, physical and spiritual wounds alike can yet +heal completely only as the result of a vital force from within. + +Natshas wound healed in that way. She thought her life was ended, +but her love for her mother unexpectedly showed her that the essence of +lifelovewas still active within her. Love awoke and so did life. + +Prince Andrews last days had bound Princess Mary and Natsha together +this new sorrow brought them still closer to one another. Princess Mary +put off her departure, and for three weeks looked after Natsha as if +she had been a sick child. The last weeks passed in her mothers bedroom +had strained Natshas physical strength. + +One afternoon noticing Natsha shivering with fever, Princess Mary took +her to her own room and made her lie down on the bed. Natsha lay down, +but when Princess Mary had drawn the blinds and was going away she +called her back. + +I dont want to sleep, Mary, sit by me a little. + +You are tiredtry to sleep. + +No, no. Why did you bring me away? She will be asking for me. + +She is much better. She spoke so well today, said Princess Mary. + +Natsha lay on the bed and in the semidarkness of the room scanned +Princess Marys face. + +Is she like him? thought Natsha. Yes, like and yet not like. But she +is quite original, strange, new, and unknown. And she loves me. What +is in her heart? All that is good. But how? What is her mind like? What +does she think about me? Yes, she is splendid! + +Mary, she said timidly, drawing Princess Marys hand to herself, +Mary, you mustnt think me wicked. No? Mary darling, how I love you! +Let us be quite, quite friends. + +And Natsha, embracing her, began kissing her face and hands, making +Princess Mary feel shy but happy by this demonstration of her feelings. + +From that day a tender and passionate friendship such as exists only +between women was established between Princess Mary and Natsha. They +were continually kissing and saying tender things to one another and +spent most of their time together. When one went out the other became +restless and hastened to rejoin her. Together they felt more in harmony +with one another than either of them felt with herself when alone. A +feeling stronger than friendship sprang up between them an exclusive +feeling of life being possible only in each others presence. + +Sometimes they were silent for hours sometimes after they were already +in bed they would begin talking and go on till morning. They spoke most +of what was long past. Princess Mary spoke of her childhood, of her +mother, her father, and her daydreams and Natsha, who with a passive +lack of understanding had formerly turned away from that life of +devotion, submission, and the poetry of Christian self-sacrifice, now +feeling herself bound to Princess Mary by affection, learned to love her +past too and to understand a side of life previously incomprehensible to +her. She did not think of applying submission and self-abnegation to her +own life, for she was accustomed to seek other joys, but she understood +and loved in another those previously incomprehensible virtues. For +Princess Mary, listening to Natshas tales of childhood and early +youth, there also opened out a new and hitherto uncomprehended side of +life belief in life and its enjoyment. + +Just as before, they never mentioned him so as not to lower (as they +thought) their exalted feelings by words but this silence about him had +the effect of making them gradually begin to forget him without being +conscious of it. + +Natsha had grown thin and pale and physically so weak that they all +talked about her health, and this pleased her. But sometimes she was +suddenly overcome by fear not only of death but of sickness, weakness, +and loss of good looks, and involuntarily she examined her bare arm +carefully, surprised at its thinness, and in the morning noticed her +drawn and, as it seemed to her, piteous face in her glass. It seemed to +her that things must be so, and yet it was dreadfully sad. + +One day she went quickly upstairs and found herself out of breath. +Unconsciously she immediately invented a reason for going down, and +then, testing her strength, ran upstairs again, observing the result. + +Another time when she called Dunysha her voice trembled, so she called +againthough she could hear Dunysha comingcalled her in the deep chest +tones in which she had been wont to sing, and listened attentively to +herself. + +She did not know and would not have believed it, but beneath the layer +of slime that covered her soul and seemed to her impenetrable, delicate +young shoots of grass were already sprouting, which taking root would so +cover with their living verdure the grief that weighed her down that +it would soon no longer be seen or noticed. The wound had begun to heal +from within. + +At the end of January Princess Mary left for Moscow, and the count +insisted on Natshas going with her to consult the doctors. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +After the encounter at Vyzma, where Kutzov had been unable to hold +back his troops in their anxiety to overwhelm and cut off the enemy and +so on, the farther movement of the fleeing French, and of the Russians +who pursued them, continued as far as Krsnoe without a battle. The +flight was so rapid that the Russian army pursuing the French could +not keep up with them cavalry and artillery horses broke down, and the +information received of the movements of the French was never reliable. + +The men in the Russian army were so worn out by this continuous marching +at the rate of twenty-seven miles a day that they could not go any +faster. + +To realize the degree of exhaustion of the Russian army it is only +necessary to grasp clearly the meaning of the fact that, while not +losing more than five thousand killed and wounded after Tartino and +less than a hundred prisoners, the Russian army which left that place a +hundred thousand strong reached Krsnoe with only fifty thousand. + +The rapidity of the Russian pursuit was just as destructive to our army +as the flight of the French was to theirs. The only difference was that +the Russian army moved voluntarily, with no such threat of destruction +as hung over the French, and that the sick Frenchmen were left behind +in enemy hands while the sick Russians left behind were among their +own people. The chief cause of the wastage of Napoleons army was +the rapidity of its movement, and a convincing proof of this is the +corresponding decrease of the Russian army. + +Kutzov as far as was in his power, instead of trying to check the +movement of the French as was desired in Petersburg and by the Russian +army generals, directed his whole activity here, as he had done at +Tartino and Vyzma, to hastening it on while easing the movement of our +army. + +But besides this, since the exhaustion and enormous diminution of the +army caused by the rapidity of the advance had become evident, another +reason for slackening the pace and delaying presented itself to Kutzov. +The aim of the Russian army was to pursue the French. The road the +French would take was unknown, and so the closer our troops trod on +their heels the greater distance they had to cover. Only by following +at some distance could one cut across the zigzag path of the French. All +the artful maneuvers suggested by our generals meant fresh movements of +the army and a lengthening of its marches, whereas the only reasonable +aim was to shorten those marches. To that end Kutzovs activity was +directed during the whole campaign from Moscow to Vlnanot casually or +intermittently but so consistently that he never once deviated from it. + +Kutzov felt and knewnot by reasoning or science but with the whole of +his Russian beingwhat every Russian soldier felt that the French were +beaten, that the enemy was flying and must be driven out but at the +same time he like the soldiers realized all the hardship of this march, +the rapidity of which was unparalleled for such a time of the year. + +But to the generals, especially the foreign ones in the Russian army, +who wished to distinguish themselves, to astonish somebody, and for some +reason to capture a king or a dukeit seemed that nowwhen any battle +must be horrible and senselesswas the very time to fight and conquer +somebody. Kutzov merely shrugged his shoulders when one after +another they presented projects of maneuvers to be made with those +soldiersill-shod, insufficiently clad, and half starvedwho within a +month and without fighting a battle had dwindled to half their number, +and who at the best if the flight continued would have to go a greater +distance than they had already traversed, before they reached the +frontier. + +This longing to distinguish themselves, to maneuver, to overthrow, and +to cut off showed itself particularly whenever the Russians stumbled on +the French army. + +So it was at Krsnoe, where they expected to find one of the three +French columns and stumbled instead on Napoleon himself with sixteen +thousand men. Despite all Kutzovs efforts to avoid that ruinous +encounter and to preserve his troops, the massacre of the broken mob +of French soldiers by worn-out Russians continued at Krsnoe for three +days. + +Toll wrote a disposition The first column will march to so and so, +etc. And as usual nothing happened in accord with the disposition. +Prince Eugne of Wrttemberg fired from a hill over the French crowds +that were running past, and demanded reinforcements which did not +arrive. The French, avoiding the Russians, dispersed and hid themselves +in the forest by night, making their way round as best they could, and +continued their flight. + +Milordovich, who said he did not want to know anything about the +commissariat affairs of his detachment, and could never be found when +he was wantedthat chevalier sans peur et sans reproche * as he styled +himselfwho was fond of parleys with the French, sent envoys demanding +their surrender, wasted time, and did not do what he was ordered to do. + + * Knight without fear and without reproach. + +I give you that column, lads, he said, riding up to the troops and +pointing out the French to the cavalry. + +And the cavalry, with spurs and sabers urging on horses that could +scarcely move, trotted with much effort to the column presented +to themthat is to say, to a crowd of Frenchmen stark with cold, +frost-bitten, and starvingand the column that had been presented to +them threw down its arms and surrendered as it had long been anxious to +do. + +At Krsnoe they took twenty-six thousand prisoners, several hundred +cannon, and a stick called a marshals staff, and disputed as to who +had distinguished himself and were pleased with their achievementthough +they much regretted not having taken Napoleon, or at least a marshal or +a hero of some sort, and reproached one another and especially Kutzov +for having failed to do so. + +These men, carried away by their passions, were but blind tools of the +most melancholy law of necessity, but considered themselves heroes and +imagined that they were accomplishing a most noble and honorable +deed. They blamed Kutzov and said that from the very beginning of the +campaign he had prevented their vanquishing Napoleon, that he thought of +nothing but satisfying his passions and would not advance from the Linen +Factories because he was comfortable there, that at Krsnoe he checked +the advance because on learning that Napoleon was there he had quite +lost his head, and that it was probable that he had an understanding +with Napoleon and had been bribed by him, and so on, and so on. + +Not only did his contemporaries, carried away by their passions, talk +in this way, but posterity and history have acclaimed Napoleon as grand, +while Kutzov is described by foreigners as a crafty, dissolute, weak +old courtier, and by Russians as something indefinitea sort of puppet +useful only because he had a Russian name. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +In 1812 and 1813 Kutzov was openly accused of blundering. The Emperor +was dissatisfied with him. And in a history recently written by order +of the Highest Authorities it is said that Kutzov was a cunning court +liar, frightened of the name of Napoleon, and that by his blunders at +Krsnoe and the Berzina he deprived the Russian army of the glory of +complete victory over the French. * + + * History of the year 1812. The character of Kutzov and + reflections on the unsatisfactory results of the battles at + Krsnoe, by Bogdnovich. + +Such is the fate not of great men (grands hommes) whom the Russian mind +does not acknowledge, but of those rare and always solitary individuals +who, discerning the will of Providence, submit their personal will to +it. The hatred and contempt of the crowd punish such men for discerning +the higher laws. + +For Russian historians, strange and terrible to say, Napoleonthat most +insignificant tool of history who never anywhere, even in exile, showed +human dignityNapoleon is the object of adulation and enthusiasm he +is grand. But Kutzovthe man who from the beginning to the end of his +activity in 1812, never once swerving by word or deed from Borodin to +Vlna, presented an example exceptional in history of self-sacrifice +and a present consciousness of the future importance of what was +happeningKutzov seems to them something indefinite and pitiful, and +when speaking of him and of the year 1812 they always seem a little +ashamed. + +And yet it is difficult to imagine an historical character whose +activity was so unswervingly directed to a single aim and it would be +difficult to imagine any aim more worthy or more consonant with the +will of the whole people. Still more difficult would it be to find +an instance in history of the aim of an historical personage being so +completely accomplished as that to which all Kutzovs efforts were +directed in 1812. + +Kutzov never talked of forty centuries looking down from the +Pyramids, of the sacrifices he offered for the fatherland, or of +what he intended to accomplish or had accomplished in general he +said nothing about himself, adopted no pose, always appeared to be +the simplest and most ordinary of men, and said the simplest and most +ordinary things. He wrote letters to his daughters and to Madame de +Stal, read novels, liked the society of pretty women, jested with +generals, officers, and soldiers, and never contradicted those who tried +to prove anything to him. When Count Rostopchn at the Yaza bridge +galloped up to Kutzov with personal reproaches for having caused the +destruction of Moscow, and said How was it you promised not to abandon +Moscow without a battle? Kutzov replied And I shall not abandon +Moscow without a battle, though Moscow was then already abandoned. When +Arakchev, coming to him from the Emperor, said that Ermlov ought to +be appointed chief of the artillery, Kutzov replied Yes, I was +just saying so myself, though a moment before he had said quite the +contrary. What did it matter to himwho then alone amid a senseless +crowd understood the whole tremendous significance of what was +happeningwhat did it matter to him whether Rostopchn attributed the +calamities of Moscow to him or to himself? Still less could it matter to +him who was appointed chief of the artillery. + +Not merely in these cases but continually did that old manwho by +experience of life had reached the conviction that thoughts and the +words serving as their expression are not what move peopleuse quite +meaningless words that happened to enter his head. + +But that man, so heedless of his words, did not once during the whole +time of his activity utter one word inconsistent with the single aim +toward which he moved throughout the whole war. Obviously in spite of +himself, in very diverse circumstances, he repeatedly expressed his real +thoughts with the bitter conviction that he would not be understood. +Beginning with the battle of Borodin, from which time his disagreement +with those about him began, he alone said that the battle of Borodin +was a victory, and repeated this both verbally and in his dispatches +and reports up to the time of his death. He alone said that the loss of +Moscow is not the loss of Russia. In reply to Lauristons proposal of +peace, he said There can be no peace, for such is the peoples will. He +alone during the retreat of the French said that all our maneuvers are +useless, everything is being accomplished of itself better than we could +desire that the enemy must be offered a golden bridge that neither +the Tartino, the Vyzma, nor the Krsnoe battles were necessary that +we must keep some force to reach the frontier with, and that he would +not sacrifice a single Russian for ten Frenchmen. + +And this courtier, as he is described to us, who lies to Arakchev +to please the Emperor, he aloneincurring thereby the Emperors +displeasuresaid in Vlna that to carry the war beyond the frontier is +useless and harmful. + +Nor do words alone prove that only he understood the meaning of the +events. His actionswithout the smallest deviationwere all directed +to one and the same threefold end (1) to brace all his strength for +conflict with the French, (2) to defeat them, and (3) to drive them out +of Russia, minimizing as far as possible the sufferings of our people +and of our army. + +This procrastinator Kutzov, whose motto was Patience and Time, +this enemy of decisive action, gave battle at Borodin, investing the +preparations for it with unparalleled solemnity. This Kutzov who before +the battle of Austerlitz began said that it would be lost, he alone, in +contradiction to everyone else, declared till his death that Borodin +was a victory, despite the assurance of generals that the battle was +lost and despite the fact that for an army to have to retire after +winning a battle was unprecedented. He alone during the whole retreat +insisted that battles, which were useless then, should not be fought, +and that a new war should not be begun nor the frontiers of Russia +crossed. + +It is easy now to understand the significance of these eventsif only we +abstain from attributing to the activity of the mass aims that existed +only in the heads of a dozen individualsfor the events and results now +lie before us. + +But how did that old man, alone, in opposition to the general opinion, +so truly discern the importance of the peoples view of the events that +in all his activity he was never once untrue to it? + +The source of that extraordinary power of penetrating the meaning of the +events then occuring lay in the national feeling which he possessed in +full purity and strength. + +Only the recognition of the fact that he possessed this feeling caused +the people in so strange a manner, contrary to the Tsars wish, to +select himan old man in disfavorto be their representative in the +national war. And only that feeling placed him on that highest human +pedestal from which he, the commander in chief, devoted all his powers +not to slaying and destroying men but to saving and showing pity on +them. + +That simple, modest, and therefore truly great, figure could not be +cast in the false mold of a European herothe supposed ruler of menthat +history has invented. + +To a lackey no man can be great, for a lackey has his own conception of +greatness. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +The fifth of November was the first day of what is called the battle of +Krsnoe. Toward eveningafter much disputing and many mistakes made by +generals who did not go to their proper places, and after adjutants had +been sent about with counterorderswhen it had become plain that the +enemy was everywhere in flight and that there could and would be no +battle, Kutzov left Krsnoe and went to Dbroe whither his headquarters +had that day been transferred. + +The day was clear and frosty. Kutzov rode to Dbroe on his plump little +white horse, followed by an enormous suite of discontented generals who +whispered among themselves behind his back. All along the road groups of +French prisoners captured that day (there were seven thousand of them) +were crowding to warm themselves at campfires. Near Dbroe an immense +crowd of tattered prisoners, buzzing with talk and wrapped and bandaged +in anything they had been able to get hold of, were standing in the road +beside a long row of unharnessed French guns. At the approach of the +commander in chief the buzz of talk ceased and all eyes were fixed on +Kutzov who, wearing a white cap with a red band and a padded overcoat +that bulged on his round shoulders, moved slowly along the road on his +white horse. One of the generals was reporting to him where the guns and +prisoners had been captured. + +Kutzov seemed preoccupied and did not listen to what the general was +saying. He screwed up his eyes with a dissatisfied look as he gazed +attentively and fixedly at these prisoners, who presented a specially +wretched appearance. Most of them were disfigured by frost-bitten noses +and cheeks, and nearly all had red, swollen and festering eyes. + +One group of the French stood close to the road, and two of them, one of +whom had his face covered with sores, were tearing a piece of raw +flesh with their hands. There was something horrible and bestial in +the fleeting glance they threw at the riders and in the malevolent +expression with which, after a glance at Kutzov, the soldier with the +sores immediately turned away and went on with what he was doing. + +Kutzov looked long and intently at these two soldiers. He puckered his +face, screwed up his eyes, and pensively swayed his head. At another +spot he noticed a Russian soldier laughingly patting a Frenchman on the +shoulder, saying something to him in a friendly manner, and Kutzov with +the same expression on his face again swayed his head. + +What were you saying? he asked the general, who continuing his report +directed the commander in chiefs attention to some standards captured +from the French and standing in front of the Preobrazhnsk regiment. + +Ah, the standards! said Kutzov, evidently detaching himself with +difficulty from the thoughts that preoccupied him. + +He looked about him absently. Thousands of eyes were looking at him from +all sides awaiting a word from him. + +He stopped in front of the Preobrazhnsk regiment, sighed deeply, and +closed his eyes. One of his suite beckoned to the soldiers carrying +the standards to advance and surround the commander in chief with them. +Kutzov was silent for a few seconds and then, submitting with evident +reluctance to the duty imposed by his position, raised his head +and began to speak. A throng of officers surrounded him. He looked +attentively around at the circle of officers, recognizing several of +them. + +I thank you all! he said, addressing the soldiers and then again the +officers. In the stillness around him his slowly uttered words were +distinctly heard. I thank you all for your hard and faithful service. +The victory is complete and Russia will not forget you! Honor to you +forever. + +He paused and looked around. + +Lower its head, lower it! he said to a soldier who had accidentally +lowered the French eagle he was holding before the Preobrazhnsk +standards. Lower, lower, thats it. Hurrah lads! he added, addressing +the men with a rapid movement of his chin. + +Hur-r-rah! roared thousands of voices. + +While the soldiers were shouting Kutzov leaned forward in his saddle +and bowed his head, and his eye lit up with a mild and apparently ironic +gleam. + +You see, brothers... said he when the shouts had ceased... and all at +once his voice and the expression of his face changed. It was no longer +the commander in chief speaking but an ordinary old man who wanted to +tell his comrades something very important. + +There was a stir among the throng of officers and in the ranks of the +soldiers, who moved that they might hear better what he was going to +say. + +You see, brothers, I know its hard for you, but it cant be helped! +Bear up it wont be for long now! Well see our visitors off and then +well rest. The Tsar wont forget your service. It is hard for you, but +still you are at home while theyyou see what they have come to, said +he, pointing to the prisoners. Worse off than our poorest beggars. +While they were strong we didnt spare ourselves, but now we may even +pity them. They are human beings too. Isnt it so, lads? + +He looked around, and in the direct, respectful, wondering gaze fixed +upon him he read sympathy with what he had said. His face grew brighter +and brighter with an old mans mild smile, which drew the corners of his +lips and eyes into a cluster of wrinkles. He ceased speaking and bowed +his head as if in perplexity. + +But after all who asked them here? Serves them right, the bloody +bastards! he cried, suddenly lifting his head. + +And flourishing his whip he rode off at a gallop for the first time +during the whole campaign, and left the broken ranks of the soldiers +laughing joyfully and shouting Hurrah! + +Kutzovs words were hardly understood by the troops. No one could have +repeated the field marshals address, begun solemnly and then changing +into an old mans simplehearted talk but the hearty sincerity of that +speech, the feeling of majestic triumph combined with pity for the foe +and consciousness of the justice of our cause, exactly expressed by that +old mans good-natured expletives, was not merely understood but lay +in the soul of every soldier and found expression in their joyous and +long-sustained shouts. Afterwards when one of the generals addressed +Kutzov asking whether he wished his calche to be sent for, Kutzov in +answering unexpectedly gave a sob, being evidently greatly moved. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +When the troops reached their nights halting place on the eighth of +November, the last day of the Krsnoe battles, it was already growing +dusk. All day it had been calm and frosty with occasional lightly +falling snow and toward evening it began to clear. Through the falling +snow a purple-black and starry sky showed itself and the frost grew +keener. + +An infantry regiment which had left Tartino three thousand strong but +now numbered only nine hundred was one of the first to arrive that night +at its halting placea village on the highroad. The quartermasters who +met the regiment announced that all the huts were full of sick and dead +Frenchmen, cavalrymen, and members of the staff. There was only one hut +available for the regimental commander. + +The commander rode up to his hut. The regiment passed through the +village and stacked its arms in front of the last huts. + +Like some huge many-limbed animal, the regiment began to prepare its +lair and its food. One part of it dispersed and waded knee-deep +through the snow into a birch forest to the right of the village, and +immediately the sound of axes and swords, the crashing of branches, +and merry voices could be heard from there. Another section amid the +regimental wagons and horses which were standing in a group was busy +getting out caldrons and rye biscuit, and feeding the horses. A third +section scattered through the village arranging quarters for the staff +officers, carrying out the French corpses that were in the huts, and +dragging away boards, dry wood, and thatch from the roofs, for the +campfires, or wattle fences to serve for shelter. + +Some fifteen men with merry shouts were shaking down the high wattle +wall of a shed, the roof of which had already been removed. + +Now then, all togethershove! cried the voices, and the huge surface +of the wall, sprinkled with snow and creaking with frost, was seen +swaying in the gloom of the night. The lower stakes cracked more and +more and at last the wall fell, and with it the men who had been pushing +it. Loud, coarse laughter and joyous shouts ensued. + +Now then, catch hold in twos! Hand up the lever! Thats it.... Where +are you shoving to? + +Now, all together! But wait a moment, boys... With a song! + +All stood silent, and a soft, pleasant velvety voice began to sing. At +the end of the third verse as the last note died away, twenty voices +roared out at once Oo-oo-oo-oo! Thats it. All together! Heave away, +boys!... but despite their united efforts the wattle hardly moved, and +in the silence that followed the heavy breathing of the men was audible. + +Here, you of the Sixth Company! Devils that you are! Lend a hand... +will you? You may want us one of these days. + +Some twenty men of the Sixth Company who were on their way into the +village joined the haulers, and the wattle wall, which was about +thirty-five feet long and seven feet high, moved forward along the +village street, swaying, pressing upon and cutting the shoulders of the +gasping men. + +Get along... Falling? What are you stopping for? There now.... + +Merry senseless words of abuse flowed freely. + +What are you up to? suddenly came the authoritative voice of a +sergeant major who came upon the men who were hauling their burden. +There are gentry here the general himself is in that hut, and you +foul-mouthed devils, you brutes, Ill give it to you! shouted he, +hitting the first man who came in his way a swinging blow on the back. +Cant you make less noise? + +The men became silent. The soldier who had been struck groaned and wiped +his face, which had been scratched till it bled by his falling against +the wattle. + +There, how that devil hits out! Hes made my face all bloody, said he +in a frightened whisper when the sergeant major had passed on. + +Dont you like it? said a laughing voice, and moderating their tones +the men moved forward. + +When they were out of the village they began talking again as loud as +before, interlarding their talk with the same aimless expletives. + +In the hut which the men had passed, the chief officers had gathered and +were in animated talk over their tea about the events of the day and the +maneuvers suggested for tomorrow. It was proposed to make a flank march +to the left, cut off the Vice-King (Murat) and capture him. + +By the time the soldiers had dragged the wattle fence to its place +the campfires were blazing on all sides ready for cooking, the wood +crackled, the snow was melting, and black shadows of soldiers flitted +to and fro all over the occupied space where the snow had been trodden +down. + +Axes and choppers were plied all around. Everything was done without any +orders being given. Stores of wood were brought for the night, shelters +were rigged up for the officers, caldrons were being boiled, and muskets +and accouterments put in order. + +The wattle wall the men had brought was set up in a semicircle by the +Eighth Company as a shelter from the north, propped up by musket rests, +and a campfire was built before it. They beat the tattoo, called the +roll, had supper, and settled down round the fires for the nightsome +repairing their footgear, some smoking pipes, and some stripping +themselves naked to steam the lice out of their shirts. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +One would have thought that under the almost incredibly wretched +conditions the Russian soldiers were in at that timelacking warm boots +and sheepskin coats, without a roof over their heads, in the snow +with eighteen degrees of frost, and without even full rations (the +commissariat did not always keep up with the troops)they would have +presented a very sad and depressing spectacle. + +On the contrary, the army had never under the best material conditions +presented a more cheerful and animated aspect. This was because all who +began to grow depressed or who lost strength were sifted out of the army +day by day. All the physically or morally weak had long since been left +behind and only the flower of the armyphysically and mentallyremained. + +More men collected behind the wattle fence of the Eighth Company than +anywhere else. Two sergeants major were sitting with them and their +campfire blazed brighter than others. For leave to sit by their wattle +they demanded contributions of fuel. + +Eh, Makev! What has become of you, you son of a bitch? Are you lost or +have the wolves eaten you? Fetch some more wood! shouted a red-haired +and red-faced man, screwing up his eyes and blinking because of the +smoke but not moving back from the fire. And you, Jackdaw, go and fetch +some wood! said he to another soldier. + +This red-haired man was neither a sergeant nor a corporal, but being +robust he ordered about those weaker than himself. The soldier +they called Jackdaw, a thin little fellow with a sharp nose, rose +obediently and was about to go but at that instant there came into +the light of the fire the slender, handsome figure of a young soldier +carrying a load of wood. + +Bring it herethats fine! + +They split up the wood, pressed it down on the fire, blew at it with +their mouths, and fanned it with the skirts of their greatcoats, making +the flames hiss and crackle. The men drew nearer and lit their pipes. +The handsome young soldier who had brought the wood, setting his arms +akimbo, began stamping his cold feet rapidly and deftly on the spot +where he stood. + +Mother! The dew is cold but clear.... Its well that Im a +musketeer... he sang, pretending to hiccough after each syllable. + +Look out, your soles will fly off! shouted the red-haired man, +noticing that the sole of the dancers boot was hanging loose. What a +fellow you are for dancing! + +The dancer stopped, pulled off the loose piece of leather, and threw it +on the fire. + +Right enough, friend, said he, and, having sat down, took out of his +knapsack a scrap of blue French cloth, and wrapped it round his foot. +Its the steam that spoils them, he added, stretching out his feet +toward the fire. + +Theyll soon be issuing us new ones. They say that when weve finished +hammering them, were to receive double kits! + +And that son of a bitch Petrv has lagged behind after all, it seems, +said one sergeant major. + +Ive had an eye on him this long while, said the other. + +Well, hes a poor sort of soldier.... + +But in the Third Company they say nine men were missing yesterday. + +Yes, its all very well, but when a mans feet are frozen how can he +walk? + +Eh? Dont talk nonsense! said a sergeant major. + +Do you want to be doing the same? said an old soldier, turning +reproachfully to the man who had spoken of frozen feet. + +Well, you know, said the sharp-nosed man they called Jackdaw in a +squeaky and unsteady voice, raising himself at the other side of the +fire, a plump man gets thin, but for a thin one its death. Take +me, now! Ive got no strength left, he added, with sudden resolution +turning to the sergeant major. Tell them to send me to hospital Im +aching all over anyway I shant be able to keep up. + +Thatll do, thatll do! replied the sergeant major quietly. + +The soldier said no more and the talk went on. + +What a lot of those Frenchies were taken today, and the fact is that +not one of them had what you might call real boots on, said a soldier, +starting a new theme. They were no more than make-believes. + +The Cossacks have taken their boots. They were clearing the hut for the +colonel and carried them out. It was pitiful to see them, boys, put in +the dancer. As they turned them over one seemed still alive and, would +you believe it, he jabbered something in their lingo. + +But theyre a clean folk, lads, the first man went on he was +whiteas white as birchbarkand some of them are such fine fellows, you +might think they were nobles. + +Well, what do you think? They make soldiers of all classes there. + +But they dont understand our talk at all, said the dancer with a +puzzled smile. I asked him whose subject he was, and he jabbered in his +own way. A queer lot! + +But its strange, friends, continued the man who had wondered at their +whiteness, the peasants at Mozhysk were saying that when they began +burying the deadwhere the battle was you knowwell, those dead had been +lying there for nearly a month, and says the peasant, they lie as white +as paper, clean, and not as much smell as a puff of powder smoke. + +Was it from the cold? asked someone. + +Youre a clever fellow! From the cold indeed! Why, it was hot. If it +had been from the cold, ours would not have rotted either. But, he +says, go up to ours and they are all rotten and maggoty. So, he says, +we tie our faces up with kerchiefs and turn our heads away as we drag +them off we can hardly do it. But theirs, he says, are white as paper +and not so much smell as a whiff of gunpowder. + +All were silent. + +It must be from their food, said the sergeant major. They used to +gobble the same food as the gentry. + +No one contradicted him. + +That peasant near Mozhysk where the battle was said the men were all +called up from ten villages around and they carted for twenty days and +still didnt finish carting the dead away. And as for the wolves, he +says... + +That was a real battle, said an old soldier. Its the only one worth +remembering but since that... its only been tormenting folk. + +And do you know, Daddy, the day before yesterday we ran at them and, +my word, they didnt let us get near before they just threw down their +muskets and went on their knees. Pardon! they say. Thats only one +case. They say Pltov took Poleon himself twice. But he didnt know +the right charm. He catches him and catches himno good! He turns into +a bird in his hands and flies away. And theres no way of killing him +either. + +Youre a first-class liar, Kiselv, when I come to look at you! + +Liar, indeed! Its the real truth. + +If he fell into my hands, when Id caught him Id bury him in the +ground with an aspen stake to fix him down. What a lot of men hes +ruined! + +Well, anyhow were going to end it. He wont come here again, remarked +the old soldier, yawning. + +The conversation flagged, and the soldiers began settling down to sleep. + +Look at the stars. Its wonderful how they shine! You would think the +women had spread out their linen, said one of the men, gazing with +admiration at the Milky Way. + +Thats a sign of a good harvest next year. + +We shall want some more wood. + +You warm your back and your belly gets frozen. Thats queer. + +O Lord! + +What are you pushing for? Is the fire only for you? Look how hes +sprawling! + +In the silence that ensued, the snoring of those who had fallen asleep +could be heard. Others turned over and warmed themselves, now and again +exchanging a few words. From a campfire a hundred paces off came a sound +of general, merry laughter. + +Hark at them roaring there in the Fifth Company! said one of the +soldiers, and what a lot of them there are! + +One of the men got up and went over to the Fifth Company. + +Theyre having such fun, said he, coming back. Two Frenchies have +turned up. Ones quite frozen and the others an awful swaggerer. Hes +singing songs.... + +Oh, Ill go across and have a look.... + +And several of the men went over to the Fifth Company. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +The fifth company was bivouacking at the very edge of the forest. A huge +campfire was blazing brightly in the midst of the snow, lighting up the +branches of trees heavy with hoarfrost. + +About midnight they heard the sound of steps in the snow of the forest, +and the crackling of dry branches. + +A bear, lads, said one of the men. + +They all raised their heads to listen, and out of the forest into the +bright firelight stepped two strangely clad human figures clinging to +one another. + +These were two Frenchmen who had been hiding in the forest. They came up +to the fire, hoarsely uttering something in a language our soldiers did +not understand. One was taller than the other he wore an officers hat +and seemed quite exhausted. On approaching the fire he had been going to +sit down, but fell. The other, a short sturdy soldier with a shawl +tied round his head, was stronger. He raised his companion and said +something, pointing to his mouth. The soldiers surrounded the Frenchmen, +spread a greatcoat on the ground for the sick man, and brought some +buckwheat porridge and vodka for both of them. + +The exhausted French officer was Ramballe and the man with his head +wrapped in the shawl was Morel, his orderly. + +When Morel had drunk some vodka and finished his bowl of porridge he +suddenly became unnaturally merry and chattered incessantly to the +soldiers, who could not understand him. Ramballe refused food and +resting his head on his elbow lay silent beside the campfire, looking at +the Russian soldiers with red and vacant eyes. Occasionally he emitted +a long-drawn groan and then again became silent. Morel, pointing to his +shoulders, tried to impress on the soldiers the fact that Ramballe was +an officer and ought to be warmed. A Russian officer who had come up +to the fire sent to ask his colonel whether he would not take a French +officer into his hut to warm him, and when the messenger returned and +said that the colonel wished the officer to be brought to him, Ramballe +was told to go. He rose and tried to walk, but staggered and would have +fallen had not a soldier standing by held him up. + +You wont do it again, eh? said one of the soldiers, winking and +turning mockingly to Ramballe. + +Oh, you fool! Why talk rubbish, lout that you area real peasant! came +rebukes from all sides addressed to the jesting soldier. + +They surrounded Ramballe, lifted him on the crossed arms of two +soldiers, and carried him to the hut. Ramballe put his arms around their +necks while they carried him and began wailing plaintively + +Oh, you fine fellows, my kind, kind friends! These are men! Oh, my +brave, kind friends, and he leaned his head against the shoulder of one +of the men like a child. + +Meanwhile Morel was sitting in the best place by the fire, surrounded by +the soldiers. + +Morel, a short sturdy Frenchman with inflamed and streaming eyes, was +wearing a womans cloak and had a shawl tied woman fashion round his +head over his cap. He was evidently tipsy, and was singing a French song +in a hoarse broken voice, with an arm thrown round the nearest soldier. +The soldiers simply held their sides as they watched him. + +Now then, now then, teach us how it goes! Ill soon pick it up. How is +it? said the mana singer and a wagwhom Morel was embracing. + +Vive Henri Quatre! Vive ce roi valiant! sang Morel, winking. Ce +diable quatre... * + + * Long live Henry the Fourth, that valiant king! That rowdy + devil. + + +Vivarika! Vif-seruvaru! Sedyablyaka! repeated the soldier, flourishing +his arm and really catching the tune. + +Bravo! Ha, ha, ha! rose their rough, joyous laughter from all sides. + +Morel, wrinkling up his face, laughed too. + +Well, go on, go on! + + Qui eut le triple talent, + De boire, de battre, + Et dtre un vert galant. * + + * Who had a triple talent + For drinking, for fighting, + And for being a gallant old boy... + +It goes smoothly, too. Well, now, Zaletev! + +Ke... Zaletev, brought out with effort ke-e-e-e, he drawled, +laboriously pursing his lips, le-trip-ta-la-de-bu-de-ba, e +de-tra-va-ga-la he sang. + +Fine! Just like the Frenchie! Oh, ho ho! Do you want some more to eat? + +Give him some porridge it takes a long time to get filled up after +starving. + +They gave him some more porridge and Morel with a laugh set to work on +his third bowl. All the young soldiers smiled gaily as they watched him. +The older men, who thought it undignified to amuse themselves with such +nonsense, continued to lie at the opposite side of the fire, but one +would occasionally raise himself on an elbow and glance at Morel with a +smile. + +They are men too, said one of them as he wrapped himself up in his +coat. Even wormwood grows on its own root. + +O Lord, O Lord! How starry it is! Tremendous! That means a hard +frost.... + +They all grew silent. The stars, as if knowing that no one was looking +at them, began to disport themselves in the dark sky now flaring +up, now vanishing, now trembling, they were busy whispering something +gladsome and mysterious to one another. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +The French army melted away at the uniform rate of a mathematical +progression and that crossing of the Berzina about which so much has +been written was only one intermediate stage in its destruction, and +not at all the decisive episode of the campaign. If so much has been +and still is written about the Berzina, on the French side this is only +because at the broken bridge across that river the calamities their army +had been previously enduring were suddenly concentrated at one moment +into a tragic spectacle that remained in every memory, and on the +Russian side merely because in Petersburgfar from the seat of wara +plan (again one of Pfuels) had been devised to catch Napoleon in a +strategic trap at the Berzina River. Everyone assured himself that all +would happen according to plan, and therefore insisted that it was just +the crossing of the Berzina that destroyed the French army. In reality +the results of the crossing were much less disastrous to the Frenchin +guns and men lostthan Krsnoe had been, as the figures show. + +The sole importance of the crossing of the Berzina lies in the fact +that it plainly and indubitably proved the fallacy of all the plans for +cutting off the enemys retreat and the soundness of the only possible +line of actionthe one Kutzov and the general mass of the army +demandednamely, simply to follow the enemy up. The French crowd fled +at a continually increasing speed and all its energy was directed to +reaching its goal. It fled like a wounded animal and it was impossible +to block its path. This was shown not so much by the arrangements it +made for crossing as by what took place at the bridges. When the bridges +broke down, unarmed soldiers, people from Moscow and women with +children who were with the French transport, allcarried on by vis +inertipressed forward into boats and into the ice-covered water and +did not surrender. + +That impulse was reasonable. The condition of fugitives and of pursuers +was equally bad. As long as they remained with their own people each +might hope for help from his fellows and the definite place he held +among them. But those who surrendered, while remaining in the same +pitiful plight, would be on a lower level to claim a share in the +necessities of life. The French did not need to be informed of the fact +that half the prisonerswith whom the Russians did not know what to +doperished of cold and hunger despite their captors desire to save +them they felt that it could not be otherwise. The most compassionate +Russian commanders, those favorable to the Frenchand even the Frenchmen +in the Russian servicecould do nothing for the prisoners. The French +perished from the conditions to which the Russian army was itself +exposed. It was impossible to take bread and clothes from our hungry and +indispensable soldiers to give to the French who, though not harmful, or +hated, or guilty, were simply unnecessary. Some Russians even did that, +but they were exceptions. + +Certain destruction lay behind the French but in front there was hope. +Their ships had been burned, there was no salvation save in collective +flight, and on that the whole strength of the French was concentrated. + +The farther they fled the more wretched became the plight of the +remnant, especially after the Berzina, on which (in consequence of the +Petersburg plan) special hopes had been placed by the Russians, and +the keener grew the passions of the Russian commanders, who blamed one +another and Kutzov most of all. Anticipation that the failure of +the Petersburg Berzina plan would be attributed to Kutzov led +to dissatisfaction, contempt, and ridicule, more and more strongly +expressed. The ridicule and contempt were of course expressed in a +respectful form, making it impossible for him to ask wherein he was +to blame. They did not talk seriously to him when reporting to him or +asking for his sanction they appeared to be fulfilling a regrettable +formality, but they winked behind his back and tried to mislead him at +every turn. + +Because they could not understand him all these people assumed that +it was useless to talk to the old man that he would never grasp the +profundity of their plans, that he would answer with his phrases (which +they thought were mere phrases) about a golden bridge, about the +impossibility of crossing the frontier with a crowd of tatterdemalions, +and so forth. They had heard all that before. And all he saidthat it +was necessary to await provisions, or that the men had no bootswas so +simple, while what they proposed was so complicated and clever, that +it was evident that he was old and stupid and that they, though not in +power, were commanders of genius. + +After the junction with the army of the brilliant admiral and Petersburg +hero Wittgenstein, this mood and the gossip of the staff reached their +maximum. Kutzov saw this and merely sighed and shrugged his shoulders. +Only once, after the affair of the Berzina, did he get angry and write +to Bennigsen (who reported separately to the Emperor) the following +letter + +On account of your spells of ill health, will your excellency please +be so good as to set off for Kalga on receipt of this, and there await +further commands and appointments from His Imperial Majesty. + +But after Bennigsens departure, the Grand Duke Tsarvich Constantine +Pvlovich joined the army. He had taken part in the beginning of the +campaign but had subsequently been removed from the army by Kutzov. +Now having come to the army, he informed Kutzov of the Emperors +displeasure at the poor success of our forces and the slowness of their +advance. The Emperor intended to join the army personally in a few days +time. + +The old man, experienced in court as well as in military affairsthis +same Kutzov who in August had been chosen commander in chief +against the sovereigns wishes and who had removed the Grand Duke and +heir-apparent from the armywho on his own authority and contrary to the +Emperors will had decided on the abandonment of Moscow, now realized at +once that his day was over, that his part was played, and that the power +he was supposed to hold was no longer his. And he understood this not +merely from the attitude of the court. He saw on the one hand that the +military business in which he had played his part was ended and felt +that his mission was accomplished and at the same time he began to +be conscious of the physical weariness of his aged body and of the +necessity of physical rest. + +On the twenty-ninth of November Kutzov entered Vlnahis dear Vlna +as he called it. Twice during his career Kutzov had been governor of +Vlna. In that wealthy town, which had not been injured, he found old +friends and associations, besides the comforts of life of which he had +so long been deprived. And he suddenly turned from the cares of army +and state and, as far as the passions that seethed around him allowed, +immersed himself in the quiet life to which he had formerly been +accustomed, as if all that was taking place and all that had still to be +done in the realm of history did not concern him at all. + +Chichagv, one of the most zealous cutters-off and breakers-up, who +had first wanted to effect a diversion in Greece and then in Warsaw but +never wished to go where he was sent Chichagv, noted for the boldness +with which he spoke to the Emperor, and who considered Kutzov to be +under an obligation to him because when he was sent to make peace +with Turkey in 1811 independently of Kutzov, and found that peace had +already been concluded, he admitted to the Emperor that the merit of +securing that peace was really Kutzovs this Chichagv was the first +to meet Kutzov at the castle where the latter was to stay. In undress +naval uniform, with a dirk, and holding his cap under his arm, he handed +Kutzov a garrison report and the keys of the town. The contemptuously +respectful attitude of the younger men to the old man in his dotage was +expressed in the highest degree by the behavior of Chichagv, who knew +of the accusations that were being directed against Kutzov. + +When speaking to Chichagv, Kutzov incidentally mentioned that the +vehicles packed with china that had been captured from him at Borsov +had been recovered and would be restored to him. + +You mean to imply that I have nothing to eat out of.... On the +contrary, I can supply you with everything even if you want to give +dinner parties, warmly replied Chichagv, who tried by every word he +spoke to prove his own rectitude and therefore imagined Kutzov to be +animated by the same desire. + +Kutzov, shrugging his shoulders, replied with his subtle penetrating +smile I meant merely to say what I said. + +Contrary to the Emperors wish Kutzov detained the greater part of the +army at Vlna. Those about him said that he became extraordinarily slack +and physically feeble during his stay in that town. He attended to army +affairs reluctantly, left everything to his generals, and while awaiting +the Emperors arrival led a dissipated life. + +Having left Petersburg on the seventh of December with his suiteCount +Tolsty, Prince Volknski, Arakchev, and othersthe Emperor reached +Vlna on the eleventh, and in his traveling sleigh drove straight to +the castle. In spite of the severe frost some hundred generals and staff +officers in full parade uniform stood in front of the castle, as well as +a guard of honor of the Semnov regiment. + +A courier who galloped to the castle in advance, in a troyka with three +foam-flecked horses, shouted Coming! and Konovntsyn rushed into the +vestibule to inform Kutzov, who was waiting in the hall porters little +lodge. + +A minute later the old mans large stout figure in full-dress uniform, +his chest covered with orders and a scarf drawn round his stomach, +waddled out into the porch. He put on his hat with its peaks to the +sides and, holding his gloves in his hand and walking with an effort +sideways down the steps to the level of the street, took in his hand the +report he had prepared for the Emperor. + +There was running to and fro and whispering another troyka flew +furiously up, and then all eyes were turned on an approaching sleigh +in which the figures of the Emperor and Volknski could already be +descried. + +From the habit of fifty years all this had a physically agitating effect +on the old general. He carefully and hastily felt himself all over, +readjusted his hat, and pulling himself together drew himself up and, +at the very moment when the Emperor, having alighted from the sleigh, +lifted his eyes to him, handed him the report and began speaking in his +smooth, ingratiating voice. + +The Emperor with a rapid glance scanned Kutzov from head to foot, +frowned for an instant, but immediately mastering himself went up to the +old man, extended his arms and embraced him. And this embrace too, owing +to a long-standing impression related to his innermost feelings, had its +usual effect on Kutzov and he gave a sob. + +The Emperor greeted the officers and the Semnov guard, and again +pressing the old mans hand went with him into the castle. + +When alone with the field marshal the Emperor expressed his +dissatisfaction at the slowness of the pursuit and at the mistakes made +at Krsnoe and the Berzina, and informed him of his intentions for a +future campaign abroad. Kutzov made no rejoinder or remark. The same +submissive, expressionless look with which he had listened to the +Emperors commands on the field of Austerlitz seven years before settled +on his face now. + +When Kutzov came out of the study and with lowered head was crossing +the ballroom with his heavy waddling gait, he was arrested by someones +voice saying + +Your Serene Highness! + +Kutzov raised his head and looked for a long while into the eyes of +Count Tolsty, who stood before him holding a silver salver on which lay +a small object. Kutzov seemed not to understand what was expected of +him. + +Suddenly he seemed to remember a scarcely perceptible smile flashed +across his puffy face, and bowing low and respectfully he took the +object that lay on the salver. It was the Order of St. George of the +First Class. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Next day the field marshal gave a dinner and ball which the Emperor +honored by his presence. Kutzov had received the Order of St. George +of the First Class and the Emperor showed him the highest honors, but +everyone knew of the imperial dissatisfaction with him. The proprieties +were observed and the Emperor was the first to set that example, +but everybody understood that the old man was blameworthy and +good-for-nothing. When Kutzov, conforming to a custom of Catherines +day, ordered the standards that had been captured to be lowered at the +Emperors feet on his entering the ballroom, the Emperor made a wry face +and muttered something in which some people caught the words, the old +comedian. + +The Emperors displeasure with Kutzov was specially increased at Vlna +by the fact that Kutzov evidently could not or would not understand the +importance of the coming campaign. + +When on the following morning the Emperor said to the officers assembled +about him You have not only saved Russia, you have saved Europe! they +all understood that the war was not ended. + +Kutzov alone would not see this and openly expressed his opinion that +no fresh war could improve the position or add to the glory of Russia, +but could only spoil and lower the glorious position that Russia had +gained. He tried to prove to the Emperor the impossibility of levying +fresh troops, spoke of the hardships already endured by the people, of +the possibility of failure and so forth. + +This being the field marshals frame of mind he was naturally regarded +as merely a hindrance and obstacle to the impending war. + +To avoid unpleasant encounters with the old man, the natural method was +to do what had been done with him at Austerlitz and with Barclay at +the beginning of the Russian campaignto transfer the authority to the +Emperor himself, thus cutting the ground from under the commander in +chiefs feet without upsetting the old man by informing him of the +change. + +With this object his staff was gradually reconstructed and its real +strength removed and transferred to the Emperor. Toll, Konovntsyn, and +Ermlov received fresh appointments. Everyone spoke loudly of the field +marshals great weakness and failing health. + +His health had to be bad for his place to be taken away and given to +another. And in fact his health was poor. + +So naturally, simply, and graduallyjust as he had come from Turkey to +the Treasury in Petersburg to recruit the militia, and then to the army +when he was needed therenow when his part was played out, Kutzovs +place was taken by a new and necessary performer. + +The war of 1812, besides its national significance dear to every Russian +heart, was now to assume another, a European, significance. + +The movement of peoples from west to east was to be succeeded by a +movement of peoples from east to west, and for this fresh war another +leader was necessary, having qualities and views differing from +Kutzovs and animated by different motives. + +Alexander I was as necessary for the movement of the peoples from east +to west and for the refixing of national frontiers as Kutzov had been +for the salvation and glory of Russia. + +Kutzov did not understand what Europe, the balance of power, or +Napoleon meant. He could not understand it. For the representative of +the Russian people, after the enemy had been destroyed and Russia had +been liberated and raised to the summit of her glory, there was nothing +left to do as a Russian. Nothing remained for the representative of the +national war but to die, and Kutzov died. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +As generally happens, Pierre did not feel the full effects of the +physical privation and strain he had suffered as prisoner until after +they were over. After his liberation he reached Orl, and on the third +day there, when preparing to go to Kiev, he fell ill and was laid up +for three months. He had what the doctors termed bilious fever. But +despite the fact that the doctors treated him, bled him, and gave him +medicines to drink, he recovered. + +Scarcely any impression was left on Pierres mind by all that happened +to him from the time of his rescue till his illness. He remembered +only the dull gray weather now rainy and now snowy, internal physical +distress, and pains in his feet and side. He remembered a general +impression of the misfortunes and sufferings of people and of being +worried by the curiosity of officers and generals who questioned him, he +also remembered his difficulty in procuring a conveyance and horses, and +above all he remembered his incapacity to think and feel all that time. +On the day of his rescue he had seen the body of Ptya Rostv. That same +day he had learned that Prince Andrew, after surviving the battle of +Borodin for more than a month had recently died in the Rostvs house +at Yaroslvl, and Densov who told him this news also mentioned Hlnes +death, supposing that Pierre had heard of it long before. All this at +the time seemed merely strange to Pierre he felt he could not grasp its +significance. Just then he was only anxious to get away as quickly as +possible from places where people were killing one another, to some +peaceful refuge where he could recover himself, rest, and think over +all the strange new facts he had learned but on reaching Orl he +immediately fell ill. When he came to himself after his illness he saw +in attendance on him two of his servants, Ternty and Vska, who had +come from Moscow and also his cousin the eldest princess, who had been +living on his estate at Elts and hearing of his rescue and illness had +come to look after him. + +It was only gradually during his convalescence that Pierre lost the +impressions he had become accustomed to during the last few months +and got used to the idea that no one would oblige him to go anywhere +tomorrow, that no one would deprive him of his warm bed, and that he +would be sure to get his dinner, tea, and supper. But for a long time in +his dreams he still saw himself in the conditions of captivity. In the +same way little by little he came to understand the news he had been +told after his rescue, about the death of Prince Andrew, the death of +his wife, and the destruction of the French. + +A joyous feeling of freedomthat complete inalienable freedom natural +to man which he had first experienced at the first halt outside +Moscowfilled Pierres soul during his convalescence. He was surprised +to find that this inner freedom, which was independent of external +conditions, now had as it were an additional setting of external +liberty. He was alone in a strange town, without acquaintances. No one +demanded anything of him or sent him anywhere. He had all he wanted +the thought of his wife which had been a continual torment to him was no +longer there, since she was no more. + +Oh, how good! How splendid! said he to himself when a cleanly laid +table was moved up to him with savory beef tea, or when he lay down for +the night on a soft clean bed, or when he remembered that the French had +gone and that his wife was no more. Oh, how good, how splendid! + +And by old habit he asked himself the question Well, and what then? +What am I going to do? And he immediately gave himself the answer +Well, I shall live. Ah, how splendid! + +The very question that had formerly tormented him, the thing he had +continually sought to findthe aim of lifeno longer existed for +him now. That search for the aim of life had not merely disappeared +temporarilyhe felt that it no longer existed for him and could not +present itself again. And this very absence of an aim gave him the +complete, joyous sense of freedom which constituted his happiness at +this time. + +He could not see an aim, for he now had faithnot faith in any kind of +rule, or words, or ideas, but faith in an ever-living, ever-manifest +God. Formerly he had sought Him in aims he set himself. That search for +an aim had been simply a search for God, and suddenly in his captivity +he had learned not by words or reasoning but by direct feeling what his +nurse had told him long ago that God is here and everywhere. In his +captivity he had learned that in Karatev God was greater, more infinite +and unfathomable than in the Architect of the Universe recognized by the +Freemasons. He felt like a man who after straining his eyes to see into +the far distance finds what he sought at his very feet. All his life +he had looked over the heads of the men around him, when he should have +merely looked in front of him without straining his eyes. + +In the past he had never been able to find that great inscrutable +infinite something. He had only felt that it must exist somewhere and +had looked for it. In everything near and comprehensible he had seen +only what was limited, petty, commonplace, and senseless. He had +equipped himself with a mental telescope and looked into remote space, +where petty worldliness hiding itself in misty distance had seemed to +him great and infinite merely because it was not clearly seen. And such +had European life, politics, Freemasonry, philosophy, and philanthropy +seemed to him. But even then, at moments of weakness as he had accounted +them, his mind had penetrated to those distances and he had there seen +the same pettiness, worldliness, and senselessness. Now, however, he +had learned to see the great, eternal, and infinite in everything, and +thereforeto see it and enjoy its contemplationhe naturally threw away +the telescope through which he had till now gazed over mens heads, and +gladly regarded the ever-changing, eternally great, unfathomable, and +infinite life around him. And the closer he looked the more tranquil and +happy he became. That dreadful question, What for? which had formerly +destroyed all his mental edifices, no longer existed for him. To that +question, What for? a simple answer was now always ready in his soul +Because there is a God, that God without whose will not one hair falls +from a mans head. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +In external ways Pierre had hardly changed at all. In appearance he +was just what he used to be. As before he was absent-minded and seemed +occupied not with what was before his eyes but with something special +of his own. The difference between his former and present self was that +formerly when he did not grasp what lay before him or was said to +him, he had puckered his forehead painfully as if vainly seeking to +distinguish something at a distance. At present he still forgot what was +said to him and still did not see what was before his eyes, but he now +looked with a scarcely perceptible and seemingly ironic smile at what +was before him and listened to what was said, though evidently seeing +and hearing something quite different. Formerly he had appeared to be +a kindhearted but unhappy man, and so people had been inclined to avoid +him. Now a smile at the joy of life always played round his lips, and +sympathy for others shone in his eyes with a questioning look as to +whether they were as contented as he was, and people felt pleased by his +presence. + +Previously he had talked a great deal, grew excited when he talked, and +seldom listened now he was seldom carried away in conversation and +knew how to listen so that people readily told him their most intimate +secrets. + +The princess, who had never liked Pierre and had been particularly +hostile to him since she had felt herself under obligations to him after +the old counts death, now after staying a short time in Orlwhere she +had come intending to show Pierre that in spite of his ingratitude she +considered it her duty to nurse himfelt to her surprise and vexation +that she had become fond of him. Pierre did not in any way seek her +approval, he merely studied her with interest. Formerly she had felt +that he regarded her with indifference and irony, and so had shrunk into +herself as she did with others and had shown him only the combative side +of her nature but now he seemed to be trying to understand the most +intimate places of her heart, and, mistrustfully at first but afterwards +gratefully, she let him see the hidden, kindly sides of her character. + +The most cunning man could not have crept into her confidence more +successfully, evoking memories of the best times of her youth and +showing sympathy with them. Yet Pierres cunning consisted simply in +finding pleasure in drawing out the human qualities of the embittered, +hard, and (in her own way) proud princess. + +Yes, he is a very, very kind man when he is not under the influence of +bad people but of people such as myself, thought she. + +His servants tooTernty and Vskain their own way noticed the change +that had taken place in Pierre. They considered that he had become much +simpler. Ternty, when he had helped him undress and wished him good +night, often lingered with his masters boots in his hands and clothes +over his arm, to see whether he would not start a talk. And Pierre, +noticing that Ternty wanted a chat, generally kept him there. + +Well, tell me... now, how did you get food? he would ask. + +And Ternty would begin talking of the destruction of Moscow, and of +the old count, and would stand for a long time holding the clothes and +talking, or sometimes listening to Pierres stories, and then would go +out into the hall with a pleasant sense of intimacy with his master and +affection for him. + +The doctor who attended Pierre and visited him every day, though he +considered it his duty as a doctor to pose as a man whose every moment +was of value to suffering humanity, would sit for hours with Pierre +telling him his favorite anecdotes and his observations on the +characters of his patients in general, and especially of the ladies. + +Its a pleasure to talk to a man like that he is not like our +provincials, he would say. + +There were several prisoners from the French army in Orl, and the +doctor brought one of them, a young Italian, to see Pierre. + +This officer began visiting Pierre, and the princess used to make fun of +the tenderness the Italian expressed for him. + +The Italian seemed happy only when he could come to see Pierre, talk +with him, tell him about his past, his life at home, and his love, +and pour out to him his indignation against the French and especially +against Napoleon. + +If all Russians are in the least like you, it is sacrilege to fight +such a nation, he said to Pierre. You, who have suffered so from the +French, do not even feel animosity toward them. + +Pierre had evoked the passionate affection of the Italian merely by +evoking the best side of his nature and taking a pleasure in so doing. + +During the last days of Pierres stay in Orl his old Masonic +acquaintance Count Willarski, who had introduced him to the lodge in +1807, came to see him. Willarski was married to a Russian heiress who +had a large estate in Orl province, and he occupied a temporary post in +the commissariat department in that town. + +Hearing that Bezkhov was in Orl, Willarski, though they had never been +intimate, came to him with the professions of friendship and intimacy +that people who meet in a desert generally express for one another. +Willarski felt dull in Orl and was pleased to meet a man of his own +circle and, as he supposed, of similar interests. + +But to his surprise Willarski soon noticed that Pierre had lagged much +behind the times, and had sunk, as he expressed it to himself, into +apathy and egotism. + +You are letting yourself go, my dear fellow, he said. + +But for all that Willarski found it pleasanter now than it had been +formerly to be with Pierre, and came to see him every day. To Pierre as +he looked at and listened to Willarski, it seemed strange to think that +he had been like that himself but a short time before. + +Willarski was a married man with a family, busy with his family affairs, +his wifes affairs, and his official duties. He regarded all these +occupations as hindrances to life, and considered that they were all +contemptible because their aim was the welfare of himself and his +family. Military, administrative, political, and Masonic interests +continually absorbed his attention. And Pierre, without trying to +change the others views and without condemning him, but with the quiet, +joyful, and amused smile now habitual to him, was interested in this +strange though very familiar phenomenon. + +There was a new feature in Pierres relations with Willarski, with the +princess, with the doctor, and with all the people he now met, which +gained for him the general good will. This was his acknowledgment of +the impossibility of changing a mans convictions by words, and his +recognition of the possibility of everyone thinking, feeling, and seeing +things each from his own point of view. This legitimate peculiarity of +each individual which used to excite and irritate Pierre now became a +basis of the sympathy he felt for, and the interest he took in, other +people. The difference, and sometimes complete contradiction, between +mens opinions and their lives, and between one man and another, pleased +him and drew from him an amused and gentle smile. + +In practical matters Pierre unexpectedly felt within himself a center +of gravity he had previously lacked. Formerly all pecuniary questions, +especially requests for money to which, as an extremely wealthy man, +he was very exposed, produced in him a state of hopeless agitation and +perplexity. To give or not to give? he had asked himself. I have +it and he needs it. But someone else needs it still more. Who needs it +most? And perhaps they are both impostors? In the old days he had been +unable to find a way out of all these surmises and had given to all +who asked as long as he had anything to give. Formerly he had been in a +similar state of perplexity with regard to every question concerning his +property, when one person advised one thing and another something else. + +Now to his surprise he found that he no longer felt either doubt or +perplexity about these questions. There was now within him a judge who +by some rule unknown to him decided what should or should not be done. + +He was as indifferent as heretofore to money matters, but now he felt +certain of what ought and what ought not to be done. The first time he +had recourse to his new judge was when a French prisoner, a colonel, +came to him and, after talking a great deal about his exploits, +concluded by making what amounted to a demand that Pierre should give +him four thousand francs to send to his wife and children. Pierre +refused without the least difficulty or effort, and was afterwards +surprised how simple and easy had been what used to appear so +insurmountably difficult. At the same time that he refused the colonels +demand he made up his mind that he must have recourse to artifice when +leaving Orl, to induce the Italian officer to accept some money of +which he was evidently in need. A further proof to Pierre of his own +more settled outlook on practical matters was furnished by his decision +with regard to his wifes debts and to the rebuilding of his houses in +and near Moscow. + +His head steward came to him at Orl and Pierre reckoned up with him his +diminished income. The burning of Moscow had cost him, according to the +head stewards calculation, about two million rubles. + +To console Pierre for these losses the head steward gave him an estimate +showing that despite these losses his income would not be diminished but +would even be increased if he refused to pay his wifes debts which he +was under no obligation to meet, and did not rebuild his Moscow house +and the country house on his Moscow estate, which had cost him eighty +thousand rubles a year and brought in nothing. + +Yes, of course thats true, said Pierre with a cheerful smile. I +dont need all that at all. By being ruined I have become much richer. + +But in January Savlich came from Moscow and gave him an account of the +state of things there, and spoke of the estimate an architect had made +of the cost of rebuilding the town and country houses, speaking of this +as of a settled matter. About the same time he received letters from +Prince Vasli and other Petersburg acquaintances speaking of his wifes +debts. And Pierre decided that the stewards proposals which had so +pleased him were wrong and that he must go to Petersburg and settle his +wifes affairs and must rebuild in Moscow. Why this was necessary he +did not know, but he knew for certain that it was necessary. His income +would be reduced by three fourths, but he felt it must be done. + +Willarski was going to Moscow and they agreed to travel together. + +During the whole time of his convalescence in Orl Pierre had +experienced a feeling of joy, freedom, and life but when during his +journey he found himself in the open world and saw hundreds of new +faces, that feeling was intensified. Throughout his journey he felt like +a schoolboy on holiday. Everyonethe stagecoach driver, the post-house +overseers, the peasants on the roads and in the villageshad a new +significance for him. The presence and remarks of Willarski who +continually deplored the ignorance and poverty of Russia and its +backwardness compared with Europe only heightened Pierres pleasure. +Where Willarski saw deadness Pierre saw an extraordinary strength and +vitalitythe strength which in that vast space amid the snows maintained +the life of this original, peculiar, and unique people. He did not +contradict Willarski and even seemed to agree with himan apparent +agreement being the simplest way to avoid discussions that could lead to +nothingand he smiled joyfully as he listened to him. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +It would be difficult to explain why and whither ants whose heap +has been destroyed are hurrying some from the heap dragging bits of +rubbish, larvae, and corpses, others back to the heap, or why they +jostle, overtake one another, and fight, and it would be equally +difficult to explain what caused the Russians after the departure of the +French to throng to the place that had formerly been Moscow. But when +we watch the ants round their ruined heap, the tenacity, energy, and +immense number of the delving insects prove that despite the destruction +of the heap, something indestructible, which though intangible is the +real strength of the colony, still exists and similarly, though in +Moscow in the month of October there was no government and no churches, +shrines, riches, or housesit was still the Moscow it had been in +August. All was destroyed, except something intangible yet powerful and +indestructible. + +The motives of those who thronged from all sides to Moscow after it had +been cleared of the enemy were most diverse and personal, and at first +for the most part savage and brutal. One motive only they all had in +common a desire to get to the place that had been called Moscow, to +apply their activities there. + +Within a week Moscow already had fifteen thousand inhabitants, in a +fortnight twenty-five thousand, and so on. By the autumn of 1813 the +number, ever increasing and increasing, exceeded what it had been in +1812. + +The first Russians to enter Moscow were the Cossacks of Wintzingerodes +detachment, peasants from the adjacent villages, and residents who had +fled from Moscow and had been hiding in its vicinity. The Russians who +entered Moscow, finding it plundered, plundered it in their turn. They +continued what the French had begun. Trains of peasant carts came to +Moscow to carry off to the villages what had been abandoned in the +ruined houses and the streets. The Cossacks carried off what they could +to their camps, and the householders seized all they could find in other +houses and moved it to their own, pretending that it was their property. + +But the first plunderers were followed by a second and a third +contingent, and with increasing numbers plundering became more and more +difficult and assumed more definite forms. + +The French found Moscow abandoned but with all the organizations of +regular life, with diverse branches of commerce and craftsmanship, with +luxury, and governmental and religious institutions. These forms were +lifeless but still existed. There were bazaars, shops, warehouses, +market stalls, granariesfor the most part still stocked with goodsand +there were factories and workshops, palaces and wealthy houses filled +with luxuries, hospitals, prisons, government offices, churches, and +cathedrals. The longer the French remained the more these forms of town +life perished, until finally all was merged into one confused, lifeless +scene of plunder. + +The more the plundering by the French continued, the more both the +wealth of Moscow and the strength of its plunderers was destroyed. But +plundering by the Russians, with which the reoccupation of the city +began, had an opposite effect the longer it continued and the greater +the number of people taking part in it the more rapidly was the wealth +of the city and its regular life restored. + +Besides the plunderers, very various people, some drawn by curiosity, +some by official duties, some by self-interesthouse owners, clergy, +officials of all kinds, tradesmen, artisans, and peasantsstreamed into +Moscow as blood flows to the heart. + +Within a week the peasants who came with empty carts to carry off +plunder were stopped by the authorities and made to cart the corpses +out of the town. Other peasants, having heard of their comrades +discomfiture, came to town bringing rye, oats, and hay, and beat down +one anothers prices to below what they had been in former days. Gangs +of carpenters hoping for high pay arrived in Moscow every day, and on +all sides logs were being hewn, new houses built, and old, charred ones +repaired. Tradesmen began trading in booths. Cookshops and taverns were +opened in partially burned houses. The clergy resumed the services +in many churches that had not been burned. Donors contributed +Church property that had been stolen. Government clerks set up their +baize-covered tables and their pigeonholes of documents in small rooms. +The higher authorities and the police organized the distribution of +goods left behind by the French. The owners of houses in which much +property had been left, brought there from other houses, complained of +the injustice of taking everything to the Faceted Palace in the Krmlin +others insisted that as the French had gathered things from different +houses into this or that house, it would be unfair to allow its owner to +keep all that was found there. They abused the police and bribed them, +made out estimates at ten times their value for government stores that +had perished in the fire, and demanded relief. And Count Rostopchn +wrote proclamations. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +At the end of January Pierre went to Moscow and stayed in an annex of +his house which had not been burned. He called on Count Rostopchn and +on some acquaintances who were back in Moscow, and he intended to leave +for Petersburg two days later. Everybody was celebrating the victory, +everything was bubbling with life in the ruined but reviving city. +Everyone was pleased to see Pierre, everyone wished to meet him, and +everyone questioned him about what he had seen. Pierre felt particularly +well disposed toward them all, but was now instinctively on his +guard for fear of binding himself in any way. To all questions put to +himwhether important or quite triflingsuch as Where would he live? +Was he going to rebuild? When was he going to Petersburg and would he +mind taking a parcel for someone?he replied Yes, perhaps, or, I +think so, and so on. + +He had heard that the Rostvs were at Kostrom but the thought of +Natsha seldom occurred to him. If it did it was only as a pleasant +memory of the distant past. He felt himself not only free from social +obligations but also from that feeling which, it seemed to him, he had +aroused in himself. + +On the third day after his arrival he heard from the Drubetskys that +Princess Mary was in Moscow. The death, sufferings, and last days of +Prince Andrew had often occupied Pierres thoughts and now recurred to +him with fresh vividness. Having heard at dinner that Princess Mary +was in Moscow and living in her housewhich had not been burnedin +Vozdvzhenka Street, he drove that same evening to see her. + +On his way to the house Pierre kept thinking of Prince Andrew, of their +friendship, of his various meetings with him, and especially of the last +one at Borodin. + +Is it possible that he died in the bitter frame of mind he was then in? +Is it possible that the meaning of life was not disclosed to him +before he died? thought Pierre. He recalled Karatev and his death and +involuntarily began to compare these two men, so different, and yet so +similar in that they had both lived and both died and in the love he +felt for both of them. + +Pierre drove up to the house of the old prince in a most serious mood. +The house had escaped the fire it showed signs of damage but its +general aspect was unchanged. The old footman, who met Pierre with a +stern face as if wishing to make the visitor feel that the absence +of the old prince had not disturbed the order of things in the house, +informed him that the princess had gone to her own apartments, and that +she received on Sundays. + +Announce me. Perhaps she will see me, said Pierre. + +Yes, sir, said the man. Please step into the portrait gallery. + +A few minutes later the footman returned with Dessalles, who brought +word from the princess that she would be very glad to see Pierre if he +would excuse her want of ceremony and come upstairs to her apartment. + +In a rather low room lit by one candle sat the princess and with her +another person dressed in black. Pierre remembered that the princess +always had lady companions, but who they were and what they were like +he never knew or remembered. This must be one of her companions, he +thought, glancing at the lady in the black dress. + +The princess rose quickly to meet him and held out her hand. + +Yes, she said, looking at his altered face after he had kissed her +hand, so this is how we meet again. He spoke of you even at the very +last, she went on, turning her eyes from Pierre to her companion with a +shyness that surprised him for an instant. + +I was so glad to hear of your safety. It was the first piece of good +news we had received for a long time. + +Again the princess glanced round at her companion with even more +uneasiness in her manner and was about to add something, but Pierre +interrupted her. + +Just imagineI knew nothing about him! said he. I thought he had been +killed. All I know I heard at second hand from others. I only know that +he fell in with the Rostvs.... What a strange coincidence! + +Pierre spoke rapidly and with animation. He glanced once at the +companions face, saw her attentive and kindly gaze fixed on him, and, +as often happens when one is talking, felt somehow that this companion +in the black dress was a good, kind, excellent creature who would not +hinder his conversing freely with Princess Mary. + +But when he mentioned the Rostvs, Princess Marys face expressed still +greater embarrassment. She again glanced rapidly from Pierres face to +that of the lady in the black dress and said + +Do you really not recognize her? + +Pierre looked again at the companions pale, delicate face with its +black eyes and peculiar mouth, and something near to him, long forgotten +and more than sweet, looked at him from those attentive eyes. + +But no, it cant be! he thought. This stern, thin, pale face that +looks so much older! It cannot be she. It merely reminds me of her. +But at that moment Princess Mary said, Natsha! And with difficulty, +effort, and stress, like the opening of a door grown rusty on its +hinges, a smile appeared on the face with the attentive eyes, and from +that opening door came a breath of fragrance which suffused Pierre with +a happiness he had long forgotten and of which he had not even been +thinkingespecially at that moment. It suffused him, seized him, and +enveloped him completely. When she smiled doubt was no longer possible, +it was Natsha and he loved her. + +At that moment Pierre involuntarily betrayed to her, to Princess Mary, +and above all to himself, a secret of which he himself had been unaware. +He flushed joyfully yet with painful distress. He tried to hide his +agitation. But the more he tried to hide it the more clearlyclearer +than any words could have donedid he betray to himself, to her, and to +Princess Mary that he loved her. + +No, its only the unexpectedness of it, thought Pierre. But as soon as +he tried to continue the conversation he had begun with Princess Mary he +again glanced at Natsha, and a still-deeper flush suffused his face and +a still-stronger agitation of mingled joy and fear seized his soul. He +became confused in his speech and stopped in the middle of what he was +saying. + +Pierre had failed to notice Natsha because he did not at all expect to +see her there, but he had failed to recognize her because the change in +her since he last saw her was immense. She had grown thin and pale, but +that was not what made her unrecognizable she was unrecognizable at the +moment he entered because on that face whose eyes had always shone with +a suppressed smile of the joy of life, now when he first entered and +glanced at her there was not the least shadow of a smile only her eyes +were kindly attentive and sadly interrogative. + +Pierres confusion was not reflected by any confusion on Natshas part, +but only by the pleasure that just perceptibly lit up her whole face. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +She has come to stay with me, said Princess Mary. The count and +countess will be here in a few days. The countess is in a dreadful +state but it was necessary for Natsha herself to see a doctor. They +insisted on her coming with me. + +Yes, is there a family free from sorrow now? said Pierre, addressing +Natsha. You know it happened the very day we were rescued. I saw him. +What a delightful boy he was! + +Natsha looked at him, and by way of answer to his words her eyes +widened and lit up. + +What can one say or think of as a consolation? said Pierre. Nothing! +Why had such a splendid boy, so full of life, to die? + +Yes, in these days it would be hard to live without faith... remarked +Princess Mary. + +Yes, yes, that is really true, Pierre hastily interrupted her. + +Why is it true? Natsha asked, looking attentively into Pierres eyes. + +How can you ask why? said Princess Mary. The thought alone of what +awaits... + +Natsha without waiting for Princess Mary to finish again looked +inquiringly at Pierre. + +And because, Pierre continued, only one who believes that there is a +God ruling us can bear a loss such as hers and... yours. + +Natsha had already opened her mouth to speak but suddenly stopped. +Pierre hurriedly turned away from her and again addressed Princess Mary, +asking about his friends last days. + +Pierres confusion had now almost vanished, but at the same time he felt +that his freedom had also completely gone. He felt that there was now a +judge of his every word and action whose judgment mattered more to +him than that of all the rest of the world. As he spoke now he was +considering what impression his words would make on Natsha. He did +not purposely say things to please her, but whatever he was saying he +regarded from her standpoint. + +Princess Maryreluctantly as is usual in such casesbegan telling of +the condition in which she had found Prince Andrew. But Pierres face +quivering with emotion, his questions and his eager restless expression, +gradually compelled her to go into details which she feared to recall +for her own sake. + +Yes, yes, and so...? Pierre kept saying as he leaned toward her with +his whole body and eagerly listened to her story. Yes, yes... so he +grew tranquil and softened? With all his soul he had always sought +one thingto be perfectly goodso he could not be afraid of death. The +faults he hadif he had anywere not of his making. So he did soften?... +What a happy thing that he saw you again, he added, suddenly turning to +Natsha and looking at her with eyes full of tears. + +Natshas face twitched. She frowned and lowered her eyes for a moment. +She hesitated for an instant whether to speak or not. + +Yes, that was happiness, she then said in her quiet voice with its +deep chest notes. For me it certainly was happiness. She paused. And +he... he... he said he was wishing for it at the very moment I entered +the room.... + +Natshas voice broke. She blushed, pressed her clasped hands on her +knees, and then controlling herself with an evident effort lifted her +head and began to speak rapidly. + +We knew nothing of it when we started from Moscow. I did not dare to +ask about him. Then suddenly Snya told me he was traveling with us. I +had no idea and could not imagine what state he was in, all I wanted was +to see him and be with him, she said, trembling, and breathing quickly. + +And not letting them interrupt her she went on to tell what she had +never yet mentioned to anyoneall she had lived through during those +three weeks of their journey and life at Yaroslvl. + +Pierre listened to her with lips parted and eyes fixed upon her full of +tears. As he listened he did not think of Prince Andrew, nor of death, +nor of what she was telling. He listened to her and felt only pity for +her, for what she was suffering now while she was speaking. + +Princess Mary, frowning in her effort to hold back her tears, sat beside +Natsha, and heard for the first time the story of those last days of +her brothers and Natshas love. + +Evidently Natsha needed to tell that painful yet joyful tale. + +She spoke, mingling most trifling details with the intimate secrets of +her soul, and it seemed as if she could never finish. Several times she +repeated the same thing twice. + +Dessalles voice was heard outside the door asking whether little +Nicholas might come in to say good night. + +Well, thats alleverything, said Natsha. + +She got up quickly just as Nicholas entered, almost ran to the door +which was hidden by curtains, struck her head against it, and rushed +from the room with a moan either of pain or sorrow. + +Pierre gazed at the door through which she had disappeared and did not +understand why he suddenly felt all alone in the world. + +Princess Mary roused him from his abstraction by drawing his attention +to her nephew who had entered the room. + +At that moment of emotional tenderness young Nicholas face, which +resembled his fathers, affected Pierre so much that when he had kissed +the boy he got up quickly, took out his handkerchief, and went to the +window. He wished to take leave of Princess Mary, but she would not let +him go. + +No, Natsha and I sometimes dont go to sleep till after two, so please +dont go. I will order supper. Go downstairs, we will come immediately. + +Before Pierre left the room Princess Mary told him This is the first +time she has talked of him like that. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVII + +Pierre was shown into the large, brightly lit dining room a few minutes +later he heard footsteps and Princess Mary entered with Natsha. Natsha +was calm, though a severe and grave expression had again settled on her +face. They all three of them now experienced that feeling of awkwardness +which usually follows after a serious and heartfelt talk. It is +impossible to go back to the same conversation, to talk of trifles is +awkward, and yet the desire to speak is there and silence seems like +affectation. They went silently to table. The footmen drew back the +chairs and pushed them up again. Pierre unfolded his cold table napkin +and, resolving to break the silence, looked at Natsha and at Princess +Mary. They had evidently both formed the same resolution the eyes of +both shone with satisfaction and a confession that besides sorrow life +also has joy. + +Do you take vodka, Count? asked Princess Mary, and those words +suddenly banished the shadows of the past. Now tell us about yourself, +said she. One hears such improbable wonders about you. + +Yes, replied Pierre with the smile of mild irony now habitual to him. +They even tell me wonders I myself never dreamed of! Mary Abrmovna +invited me to her house and kept telling me what had happened, or ought +to have happened, to me. Stepn Stepnych also instructed me how I ought +to tell of my experiences. In general I have noticed that it is very +easy to be an interesting man (I am an interesting man now) people +invite me out and tell me all about myself. + +Natsha smiled and was on the point of speaking. + +We have been told, Princess Mary interrupted her, that you lost two +millions in Moscow. Is that true? + +But I am three times as rich as before, returned Pierre. + +Though the position was now altered by his decision to pay his wifes +debts and to rebuild his houses, Pierre still maintained that he had +become three times as rich as before. + +What I have certainly gained is freedom, he began seriously, but did +not continue, noticing that this theme was too egotistic. + +And are you building? + +Yes. Savlich says I must! + +Tell me, you did not know of the countess death when you decided to +remain in Moscow? asked Princess Mary and immediately blushed, noticing +that her question, following his mention of freedom, ascribed to his +words a meaning he had perhaps not intended. + +No, answered Pierre, evidently not considering awkward the meaning +Princess Mary had given to his words. I heard of it in Orl and you +cannot imagine how it shocked me. We were not an exemplary couple, he +added quickly, glancing at Natsha and noticing on her face curiosity as +to how he would speak of his wife, but her death shocked me terribly. +When two people quarrel they are always both in fault, and ones own +guilt suddenly becomes terribly serious when the other is no longer +alive. And then such a death... without friends and without consolation! +I am very, very sorry for her, he concluded, and was pleased to notice +a look of glad approval on Natshas face. + +Yes, and so you are once more an eligible bachelor, said Princess +Mary. + +Pierre suddenly flushed crimson and for a long time tried not to look +at Natsha. When he ventured to glance her way again her face was cold, +stern, and he fancied even contemptuous. + +And did you really see and speak to Napoleon, as we have been told? +said Princess Mary. + +Pierre laughed. + +No, not once! Everybody seems to imagine that being taken prisoner +means being Napoleons guest. Not only did I never see him but I heard +nothing about himI was in much lower company! + +Supper was over, and Pierre who at first declined to speak about his +captivity was gradually led on to do so. + +But its true that you remained in Moscow to kill Napoleon? Natsha +asked with a slight smile. I guessed it then when we met at the +Skharev tower, do you remember? + +Pierre admitted that it was true, and from that was gradually led by +Princess Marys questions and especially by Natshas into giving a +detailed account of his adventures. + +At first he spoke with the amused and mild irony now customary with +him toward everybody and especially toward himself, but when he came +to describe the horrors and sufferings he had witnessed he was +unconsciously carried away and began speaking with the suppressed +emotion of a man re-experiencing in recollection strong impressions he +has lived through. + +Princess Mary with a gentle smile looked now at Pierre and now at +Natsha. In the whole narrative she saw only Pierre and his goodness. +Natsha, leaning on her elbow, the expression of her face constantly +changing with the narrative, watched Pierre with an attention that never +wanderedevidently herself experiencing all that he described. Not only +her look, but her exclamations and the brief questions she put, showed +Pierre that she understood just what he wished to convey. It was clear +that she understood not only what he said but also what he wished to, +but could not, express in words. The account Pierre gave of the incident +with the child and the woman for protecting whom he was arrested was +this It was an awful sightchildren abandoned, some in the flames... +One was snatched out before my eyes... and there were women who had +their things snatched off and their earrings torn out... he flushed and +grew confused. Then a patrol arrived and all the menall those who were +not looting, that iswere arrested, and I among them. + +I am sure youre not telling us everything I am sure you did +something... said Natsha and pausing added, something fine? + +Pierre continued. When he spoke of the execution he wanted to pass +over the horrible details, but Natsha insisted that he should not omit +anything. + +Pierre began to tell about Karatev, but paused. By this time he had +risen from the table and was pacing the room, Natsha following him with +her eyes. Then he added + +No, you cant understand what I learned from that illiterate manthat +simple fellow. + +Yes, yes, go on! said Natsha. Where is he? + +They killed him almost before my eyes. + +And Pierre, his voice trembling continually, went on to tell of the last +days of their retreat, of Karatevs illness and his death. + +He told of his adventures as he had never yet recalled them. He now, as +it were, saw a new meaning in all he had gone through. Now that he was +telling it all to Natsha he experienced that pleasure which a man has +when women listen to himnot clever women who when listening either try +to remember what they hear to enrich their minds and when opportunity +offers to retell it, or who wish to adopt it to some thought of their +own and promptly contribute their own clever comments prepared in their +little mental workshopbut the pleasure given by real women gifted with +a capacity to select and absorb the very best a man shows of himself. +Natsha without knowing it was all attention she did not lose a word, +no single quiver in Pierres voice, no look, no twitch of a muscle in +his face, nor a single gesture. She caught the unfinished word in its +flight and took it straight into her open heart, divining the secret +meaning of all Pierres mental travail. + +Princess Mary understood his story and sympathized with him, but she +now saw something else that absorbed all her attention. She saw the +possibility of love and happiness between Natsha and Pierre, and the +first thought of this filled her heart with gladness. + +It was three oclock in the morning. The footmen came in with sad and +stern faces to change the candles, but no one noticed them. + +Pierre finished his story. Natsha continued to look at him intently +with bright, attentive, and animated eyes, as if trying to understand +something more which he had perhaps left untold. Pierre in shamefaced +and happy confusion glanced occasionally at her, and tried to think what +to say next to introduce a fresh subject. Princess Mary was silent. It +occurred to none of them that it was three oclock and time to go to +bed. + +People speak of misfortunes and sufferings, remarked Pierre, but if +at this moment I were asked Would you rather be what you were before +you were taken prisoner, or go through all this again? then for +heavens sake let me again have captivity and horseflesh! We imagine +that when we are thrown out of our usual ruts all is lost, but it is +only then that what is new and good begins. While there is life there is +happiness. There is much, much before us. I say this to you, he added, +turning to Natsha. + +Yes, yes, she said, answering something quite different. I too should +wish nothing but to relive it all from the beginning. + +Pierre looked intently at her. + +Yes, and nothing more, said Natsha. + +Its not true, not true! cried Pierre. I am not to blame for being +alive and wishing to livenor you either. + +Suddenly Natsha bent her head, covered her face with her hands, and +began to cry. + +What is it, Natsha? said Princess Mary. + +Nothing, nothing. She smiled at Pierre through her tears. Good night! +It is time for bed. + +Pierre rose and took his leave. + + +Princess Mary and Natsha met as usual in the bedroom. They talked of +what Pierre had told them. Princess Mary did not express her opinion of +Pierre nor did Natsha speak of him. + +Well, good night, Mary! said Natsha. Do you know, I am often afraid +that by not speaking of him (she meant Prince Andrew) for fear of not +doing justice to our feelings, we forget him. + +Princess Mary sighed deeply and thereby acknowledged the justice of +Natshas remark, but she did not express agreement in words. + +Is it possible to forget? said she. + +It did me so much good to tell all about it today. It was hard and +painful, but good, very good! said Natsha. I am sure he really loved +him. That is why I told him... Was it all right? she added, suddenly +blushing. + +To tell Pierre? Oh, yes. What a splendid man he is! said Princess +Mary. + +Do you know, Mary... Natsha suddenly said with a mischievous smile +such as Princess Mary had not seen on her face for a long time, he has +somehow grown so clean, smooth, and freshas if he had just come out of +a Russian bath do you understand? Out of a moral bath. Isnt it true? + +Yes, replied Princess Mary. He has greatly improved. + +With a short coat and his hair cropped just as if, well, just as if he +had come straight from the bath... Papa used to... + +I understand why he (Prince Andrew) liked no one so much as him, +said Princess Mary. + +Yes, and yet he is quite different. They say men are friends when they +are quite different. That must be true. Really he is quite unlike himin +everything. + +Yes, but hes wonderful. + +Well, good night, said Natsha. + +And the same mischievous smile lingered for a long time on her face as +if it had been forgotten there. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII + +It was a long time before Pierre could fall asleep that night. He paced +up and down his room, now turning his thoughts on a difficult problem +and frowning, now suddenly shrugging his shoulders and wincing, and now +smiling happily. + +He was thinking of Prince Andrew, of Natsha, and of their love, at one +moment jealous of her past, then reproaching himself for that feeling. +It was already six in the morning and he still paced up and down the +room. + +Well, whats to be done if it cannot be avoided? Whats to be done? +Evidently it has to be so, said he to himself, and hastily undressing +he got into bed, happy and agitated but free from hesitation or +indecision. + +Strange and impossible as such happiness seems, I must do everything +that she and I may be man and wife, he told himself. + +A few days previously Pierre had decided to go to Petersburg on the +Friday. When he awoke on the Thursday, Savlich came to ask him about +packing for the journey. + +What, to Petersburg? What is Petersburg? Who is there in Petersburg? +he asked involuntarily, though only to himself. Oh, yes, long ago +before this happened I did for some reason mean to go to Petersburg, +he reflected. Why? But perhaps I shall go. What a good fellow he is and +how attentive, and how he remembers everything, he thought, looking at +Savlichs old face, and what a pleasant smile he has! + +Well, Savlich, do you still not wish to accept your freedom? Pierre +asked him. + +Whats the good of freedom to me, your excellency? We lived under the +late countthe kingdom of heaven be his!and we have lived under you +too, without ever being wronged. + +And your children? + +The children will live just the same. With such masters one can live. + +But what about my heirs? said Pierre. Supposing I suddenly marry... +it might happen, he added with an involuntary smile. + +If I may take the liberty, your excellency, it would be a good thing. + +How easy he thinks it, thought Pierre. He doesnt know how terrible +it is and how dangerous. Too soon or too late... it is terrible! + +So what are your orders? Are you starting tomorrow? asked Savlich. + +No, Ill put it off for a bit. Ill tell you later. You must forgive +the trouble I have put you to, said Pierre, and seeing Savlich smile, +he thought But how strange it is that he should not know that now +there is no Petersburg for me, and that that must be settled first of +all! But probably he knows it well enough and is only pretending. Shall +I have a talk with him and see what he thinks? Pierre reflected. No, +another time. + +At breakfast Pierre told the princess, his cousin, that he had been to +see Princess Mary the day before and had there metWhom do you think? +Natsha Rostva! + +The princess seemed to see nothing more extraordinary in that than if he +had seen Anna Semnovna. + +Do you know her? asked Pierre. + +I have seen the princess, she replied. I heard that they were +arranging a match for her with young Rostv. It would be a very good +thing for the Rostvs, they are said to be utterly ruined. + +No I mean do you know Natsha Rostva? + +I heard about that affair of hers at the time. It was a great pity. + +No, she either doesnt understand or is pretending, thought Pierre. +Better not say anything to her either. + +The princess too had prepared provisions for Pierres journey. + +How kind they all are, thought Pierre. What is surprising is that +they should trouble about these things now when it can no longer be of +interest to them. And all for me! + +On the same day the Chief of Police came to Pierre, inviting him to send +a representative to the Faceted Palace to recover things that were to be +returned to their owners that day. + +And this man too, thought Pierre, looking into the face of the Chief +of Police. What a fine, good-looking officer and how kind. Fancy +bothering about such trifles now! And they actually say he is not honest +and takes bribes. What nonsense! Besides, why shouldnt he take bribes? +Thats the way he was brought up, and everybody does it. But what a +kind, pleasant face and how he smiles as he looks at me. + +Pierre went to Princess Marys to dinner. + +As he drove through the streets past the houses that had been burned +down, he was surprised by the beauty of those ruins. The picturesqueness +of the chimney stacks and tumble-down walls of the burned-out quarters +of the town, stretching out and concealing one another, reminded him of +the Rhine and the Colosseum. The cabmen he met and their passengers, +the carpenters cutting the timber for new houses with axes, the women +hawkers, and the shopkeepers, all looked at him with cheerful beaming +eyes that seemed to say Ah, there he is! Lets see what will come of +it! + +At the entrance to Princess Marys house Pierre felt doubtful whether +he had really been there the night before and really seen Natsha and +talked to her. Perhaps I imagined it perhaps I shall go in and find +no one there. But he had hardly entered the room before he felt her +presence with his whole being by the loss of his sense of freedom. She +was in the same black dress with soft folds and her hair was done the +same way as the day before, yet she was quite different. Had she been +like this when he entered the day before he could not for a moment have +failed to recognize her. + +She was as he had known her almost as a child and later on as Prince +Andrews fiance. A bright questioning light shone in her eyes, and on +her face was a friendly and strangely roguish expression. + +Pierre dined with them and would have spent the whole evening there, but +Princess Mary was going to vespers and Pierre left the house with her. + +Next day he came early, dined, and stayed the whole evening. Though +Princess Mary and Natsha were evidently glad to see their visitor and +though all Pierres interest was now centered in that house, by the +evening they had talked over everything and the conversation passed from +one trivial topic to another and repeatedly broke off. He stayed so long +that Princess Mary and Natsha exchanged glances, evidently wondering +when he would go. Pierre noticed this but could not go. He felt uneasy +and embarrassed, but sat on because he simply could not get up and take +his leave. + +Princess Mary, foreseeing no end to this, rose first, and complaining of +a headache began to say good night. + +So you are going to Petersburg tomorrow? she asked. + +No, I am not going, Pierre replied hastily, in a surprised tone and as +though offended. Yes... no... to Petersburg? Tomorrowbut I wont say +good-by yet. I will call round in case you have any commissions for me, +said he, standing before Princess Mary and turning red, but not taking +his departure. + +Natsha gave him her hand and went out. Princess Mary on the other hand +instead of going away sank into an armchair, and looked sternly and +intently at him with her deep, radiant eyes. The weariness she +had plainly shown before had now quite passed off. With a deep and +long-drawn sigh she seemed to be prepared for a lengthy talk. + +When Natsha left the room Pierres confusion and awkwardness +immediately vanished and were replaced by eager excitement. He quickly +moved an armchair toward Princess Mary. + +Yes, I wanted to tell you, said he, answering her look as if she had +spoken. Princess, help me! What am I to do? Can I hope? Princess, my +dear friend, listen! I know it all. I know I am not worthy of her, I +know its impossible to speak of it now. But I want to be a brother to +her. No, not that, I dont, I cant... + +He paused and rubbed his face and eyes with his hands. + +Well, he went on with an evident effort at self-control and coherence. +I dont know when I began to love her, but I have loved her and her +alone all my life, and I love her so that I cannot imagine life without +her. I cannot propose to her at present, but the thought that +perhaps she might someday be my wife and that I may be missing that +possibility... that possibility... is terrible. Tell me, can I hope? +Tell me what I am to do, dear princess! he added after a pause, and +touched her hand as she did not reply. + +I am thinking of what you have told me, answered Princess Mary. +This is what I will say. You are right that to speak to her of love at +present... + +Princess Mary stopped. She was going to say that to speak of love was +impossible, but she stopped because she had seen by the sudden change +in Natsha two days before that she would not only not be hurt if Pierre +spoke of his love, but that it was the very thing she wished for. + +To speak to her now wouldnt do, said the princess all the same. + +But what am I to do? + +Leave it to me, said Princess Mary. I know... + +Pierre was looking into Princess Marys eyes. + +Well?... Well?... he said. + +I know that she loves... will love you, Princess Mary corrected +herself. + +Before her words were out, Pierre had sprung up and with a frightened +expression seized Princess Marys hand. + +What makes you think so? You think I may hope? You think...? + +Yes, I think so, said Princess Mary with a smile. Write to her +parents, and leave it to me. I will tell her when I can. I wish it to +happen and my heart tells me it will. + +No, it cannot be! How happy I am! But it cant be.... How happy I am! +No, it cant be! Pierre kept saying as he kissed Princess Marys hands. + +Go to Petersburg, that will be best. And I will write to you, she +said. + +To Petersburg? Go there? Very well, Ill go. But I may come again +tomorrow? + +Next day Pierre came to say good-by. Natsha was less animated than +she had been the day before but that day as he looked at her Pierre +sometimes felt as if he was vanishing and that neither he nor she +existed any longer, that nothing existed but happiness. Is it possible? +No, it cant be, he told himself at every look, gesture, and word that +filled his soul with joy. + +When on saying good-by he took her thin, slender hand, he could not help +holding it a little longer in his own. + +Is it possible that this hand, that face, those eyes, all this treasure +of feminine charm so strange to me now, is it possible that it will one +day be mine forever, as familiar to me as I am to myself?... No, thats +impossible!... + +Good-by, Count, she said aloud. I shall look forward very much to +your return, she added in a whisper. + +And these simple words, her look, and the expression on her face which +accompanied them, formed for two months the subject of inexhaustible +memories, interpretations, and happy meditations for Pierre. I shall +look forward very much to your return.... Yes, yes, how did she say it? +Yes, I shall look forward very much to your return. Oh, how happy I +am! What is happening to me? How happy I am! said Pierre to himself. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIX + +There was nothing in Pierres soul now at all like what had troubled it +during his courtship of Hlne. + +He did not repeat to himself with a sickening feeling of shame the words +he had spoken, or say Oh, why did I not say that? and, Whatever made +me say Je vous aime? On the contrary, he now repeated in imagination +every word that he or Natsha had spoken and pictured every detail of +her face and smile, and did not wish to diminish or add anything, but +only to repeat it again and again. There was now not a shadow of doubt +in his mind as to whether what he had undertaken was right or wrong. +Only one terrible doubt sometimes crossed his mind Wasnt it all +a dream? Isnt Princess Mary mistaken? Am I not too conceited and +self-confident? I believe all thisand suddenly Princess Mary will tell +her, and she will be sure to smile and say How strange! He must be +deluding himself. Doesnt he know that he is a man, just a man, while +I...? I am something altogether different and higher. + +That was the only doubt often troubling Pierre. He did not now make any +plans. The happiness before him appeared so inconceivable that if only +he could attain it, it would be the end of all things. Everything ended +with that. + +A joyful, unexpected frenzy, of which he had thought himself incapable, +possessed him. The whole meaning of lifenot for him alone but for the +whole worldseemed to him centered in his love and the possibility of +being loved by her. At times everybody seemed to him to be occupied with +one thing onlyhis future happiness. Sometimes it seemed to him that +other people were all as pleased as he was himself and merely tried to +hide that pleasure by pretending to be busy with other interests. In +every word and gesture he saw allusions to his happiness. He often +surprised those he met by his significantly happy looks and smiles which +seemed to express a secret understanding between him and them. And when +he realized that people might not be aware of his happiness, he pitied +them with his whole heart and felt a desire somehow to explain to them +that all that occupied them was a mere frivolous trifle unworthy of +attention. + +When it was suggested to him that he should enter the civil service, +or when the war or any general political affairs were discussed on the +assumption that everybodys welfare depended on this or that issue +of events, he would listen with a mild and pitying smile and surprise +people by his strange comments. But at this time he saw everybodyboth +those who, as he imagined, understood the real meaning of life (that +is, what he was feeling) and those unfortunates who evidently did not +understand itin the bright light of the emotion that shone within +himself, and at once without any effort saw in everyone he met +everything that was good and worthy of being loved. + +When dealing with the affairs and papers of his dead wife, her memory +aroused in him no feeling but pity that she had not known the bliss he +now knew. Prince Vasli, who having obtained a new post and some +fresh decorations was particularly proud at this time, seemed to him a +pathetic, kindly old man much to be pitied. + +Often in afterlife Pierre recalled this period of blissful insanity. All +the views he formed of men and circumstances at this time remained true +for him always. He not only did not renounce them subsequently, but when +he was in doubt or inwardly at variance, he referred to the views he had +held at this time of his madness and they always proved correct. + +I may have appeared strange and queer then, he thought, but I was +not so mad as I seemed. On the contrary I was then wiser and had +more insight than at any other time, and understood all that is worth +understanding in life, because... because I was happy. + +Pierres insanity consisted in not waiting, as he used to do, to +discover personal attributes which he termed good qualities in people +before loving them his heart was now overflowing with love, and by +loving people without cause he discovered indubitable causes for loving +them. + + + + + +CHAPTER XX + +After Pierres departure that first evening, when Natsha had said to +Princess Mary with a gaily mocking smile He looks just, yes, just as +if he had come out of a Russian bathin a short coat and with his hair +cropped, something hidden and unknown to herself, but irrepressible, +awoke in Natshas soul. + +Everything her face, walk, look, and voice, was suddenly altered. +To her own surprise a power of life and hope of happiness rose to the +surface and demanded satisfaction. From that evening she seemed to have +forgotten all that had happened to her. She no longer complained of her +position, did not say a word about the past, and no longer feared to +make happy plans for the future. She spoke little of Pierre, but when +Princess Mary mentioned him a long-extinguished light once more kindled +in her eyes and her lips curved with a strange smile. + +The change that took place in Natsha at first surprised Princess Mary +but when she understood its meaning it grieved her. Can she have loved +my brother so little as to be able to forget him so soon? she thought +when she reflected on the change. But when she was with Natsha she was +not vexed with her and did not reproach her. The reawakened power +of life that had seized Natsha was so evidently irrepressible and +unexpected by her that in her presence Princess Mary felt that she had +no right to reproach her even in her heart. + +Natsha gave herself up so fully and frankly to this new feeling that +she did not try to hide the fact that she was no longer sad, but bright +and cheerful. + +When Princess Mary returned to her room after her nocturnal talk with +Pierre, Natsha met her on the threshold. + +He has spoken? Yes? He has spoken? she repeated. + +And a joyful yet pathetic expression which seemed to beg forgiveness for +her joy settled on Natshas face. + +I wanted to listen at the door, but I knew you would tell me. + +Understandable and touching as the look with which Natsha gazed at +her seemed to Princess Mary, and sorry as she was to see her agitation, +these words pained her for a moment. She remembered her brother and his +love. + +But whats to be done? She cant help it, thought the princess. + +And with a sad and rather stern look she told Natsha all that Pierre +had said. On hearing that he was going to Petersburg Natsha was +astounded. + +To Petersburg! she repeated as if unable to understand. + +But noticing the grieved expression on Princess Marys face she guessed +the reason of that sadness and suddenly began to cry. + +Mary, said she, tell me what I should do! I am afraid of being bad. +Whatever you tell me, I will do. Tell me.... + +You love him? + +Yes, whispered Natsha. + +Then why are you crying? I am happy for your sake, said Princess Mary, +who because of those tears quite forgave Natshas joy. + +It wont be just yetsomeday. Think what fun it will be when I am his +wife and you marry Nicholas! + +Natsha, I have asked you not to speak of that. Let us talk about you. + +They were silent awhile. + +But why go to Petersburg? Natsha suddenly asked, and hastily replied +to her own question. But no, no, he must... Yes, Mary, He must.... + + + + + +FIRST EPILOGUE 1813 - 20 + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Seven years had passed. The storm-tossed sea of European history had +subsided within its shores and seemed to have become calm. But the +mysterious forces that move humanity (mysterious because the laws of +their motion are unknown to us) continued to operate. + +Though the surface of the sea of history seemed motionless, the movement +of humanity went on as unceasingly as the flow of time. Various groups +of people formed and dissolved, the coming formation and dissolution of +kingdoms and displacement of peoples was in course of preparation. + +The sea of history was not driven spasmodically from shore to shore as +previously. It was seething in its depths. Historic figures were not +borne by the waves from one shore to another as before. They now seemed +to rotate on one spot. The historical figures at the head of armies, +who formerly reflected the movement of the masses by ordering wars, +campaigns, and battles, now reflected the restless movement by political +and diplomatic combinations, laws, and treaties. + +The historians call this activity of the historical figures the +reaction. + +In dealing with this period they sternly condemn the historical +personages who, in their opinion, caused what they describe as the +reaction. All the well-known people of that period, from Alexander and +Napoleon to Madame de Stal, Photius, Schelling, Fichte, Chateaubriand, +and the rest, pass before their stern judgment seat and are acquitted or +condemned according to whether they conduced to progress or to reaction. + +According to their accounts a reaction took place at that time in Russia +also, and the chief culprit was Alexander I, the same man who according +to them was the chief cause of the liberal movement at the commencement +of his reign, being the savior of Russia. + +There is no one in Russian literature now, from schoolboy essayist to +learned historian, who does not throw his little stone at Alexander for +things he did wrong at this period of his reign. + +He ought to have acted in this way and in that way. In this case he did +well and in that case badly. He behaved admirably at the beginning of +his reign and during 1812, but acted badly by giving a constitution +to Poland, forming the Holy Alliance, entrusting power to Arakchev, +favoring Goltsyn and mysticism, and afterwards Shishkv and Photius. +He also acted badly by concerning himself with the active army and +disbanding the Semnov regiment. + +It would take a dozen pages to enumerate all the reproaches the +historians address to him, based on their knowledge of what is good for +humanity. + +What do these reproaches mean? + +Do not the very actions for which the historians praise Alexander I +(the liberal attempts at the beginning of his reign, his struggle with +Napoleon, the firmness he displayed in 1812 and the campaign of 1813) +flow from the same sourcesthe circumstances of his birth, education, +and lifethat made his personality what it was and from which the +actions for which they blame him (the Holy Alliance, the restoration of +Poland, and the reaction of 1820 and later) also flowed? + +In what does the substance of those reproaches lie? + +It lies in the fact that an historic character like Alexander I, +standing on the highest possible pinnacle of human power with the +blinding light of history focused upon him a character exposed to those +strongest of all influences the intrigues, flattery, and self-deception +inseparable from power a character who at every moment of his life +felt a responsibility for all that was happening in Europe and not +a fictitious but a live character who like every man had his personal +habits, passions, and impulses toward goodness, beauty, and truththat +this characterthough not lacking in virtue (the historians do not +accuse him of that)had not the same conception of the welfare of +humanity fifty years ago as a present-day professor who from his +youth upwards has been occupied with learning that is, with books and +lectures and with taking notes from them. + +But even if we assume that fifty years ago Alexander I was mistaken in +his view of what was good for the people, we must inevitably assume that +the historian who judges Alexander will also after the lapse of some +time turn out to be mistaken in his view of what is good for humanity. +This assumption is all the more natural and inevitable because, watching +the movement of history, we see that every year and with each new +writer, opinion as to what is good for mankind changes so that what +once seemed good, ten years later seems bad, and vice versa. And what is +more, we find at one and the same time quite contradictory views as to +what is bad and what is good in history some people regard giving a +constitution to Poland and forming the Holy Alliance as praiseworthy in +Alexander, while others regard it as blameworthy. + +The activity of Alexander or of Napoleon cannot be called useful or +harmful, for it is impossible to say for what it was useful or harmful. +If that activity displeases somebody, this is only because it does +not agree with his limited understanding of what is good. Whether the +preservation of my fathers house in Moscow, or the glory of the Russian +arms, or the prosperity of the Petersburg and other universities, or the +freedom of Poland or the greatness of Russia, or the balance of power in +Europe, or a certain kind of European culture called progress appear +to me to be good or bad, I must admit that besides these things the +action of every historic character has other more general purposes +inaccessible to me. + +But let us assume that what is called science can harmonize all +contradictions and possesses an unchanging standard of good and bad by +which to try historic characters and events let us say that Alexander +could have done everything differently let us say that with guidance +from those who blame him and who profess to know the ultimate aim of the +movement of humanity, he might have arranged matters according to +the program his present accusers would have given himof nationality, +freedom, equality, and progress (these, I think, cover the ground). Let +us assume that this program was possible and had then been formulated, +and that Alexander had acted on it. What would then have become of the +activity of all those who opposed the tendency that then prevailed in +the governmentan activity that in the opinion of the historians was +good and beneficent? Their activity would not have existed there would +have been no life, there would have been nothing. + +If we admit that human life can be ruled by reason, the possibility of +life is destroyed. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +If we assume as the historians do that great men lead humanity to the +attainment of certain endsthe greatness of Russia or of France, +the balance of power in Europe, the diffusion of the ideas of the +Revolution, general progress, or anything elsethen it is impossible +to explain the facts of history without introducing the conceptions of +chance and genius. + +If the aim of the European wars at the beginning of the nineteenth +century had been the aggrandizement of Russia, that aim might have been +accomplished without all the preceding wars and without the invasion. If +the aim was the aggrandizement of France, that might have been attained +without the Revolution and without the Empire. If the aim was the +dissemination of ideas, the printing press could have accomplished that +much better than warfare. If the aim was the progress of civilization, +it is easy to see that there are other ways of diffusing civilization +more expedient than by the destruction of wealth and of human lives. + +Why did it happen in this and not in some other way? + +Because it happened so! Chance created the situation genius utilized +it, says history. + +But what is chance? What is genius? + +The words chance and genius do not denote any really existing thing and +therefore cannot be defined. Those words only denote a certain stage of +understanding of phenomena. I do not know why a certain event occurs I +think that I cannot know it so I do not try to know it and I talk about +chance. I see a force producing effects beyond the scope of ordinary +human agencies I do not understand why this occurs and I talk of +genius. + +To a herd of rams, the ram the herdsman drives each evening into a +special enclosure to feed and that becomes twice as fat as the others +must seem to be a genius. And it must appear an astonishing conjunction +of genius with a whole series of extraordinary chances that this ram, +who instead of getting into the general fold every evening goes into a +special enclosure where there are oatsthat this very ram, swelling with +fat, is killed for meat. + +But the rams need only cease to suppose that all that happens to them +happens solely for the attainment of their sheepish aims they need only +admit that what happens to them may also have purposes beyond their ken, +and they will at once perceive a unity and coherence in what happened +to the ram that was fattened. Even if they do not know for what purpose +they are fattened, they will at least know that all that happened to the +ram did not happen accidentally, and will no longer need the conceptions +of chance or genius. + +Only by renouncing our claim to discern a purpose immediately +intelligible to us, and admitting the ultimate purpose to be beyond our +ken, may we discern the sequence of experiences in the lives of +historic characters and perceive the cause of the effect they produce +(incommensurable with ordinary human capabilities), and then the words +chance and genius become superfluous. + +We need only confess that we do not know the purpose of the European +convulsions and that we know only the factsthat is, the murders, first +in France, then in Italy, in Africa, in Prussia, in Austria, in Spain, +and in Russiaand that the movements from the west to the east and from +the east to the west form the essence and purpose of these events, and +not only shall we have no need to see exceptional ability and genius in +Napoleon and Alexander, but we shall be unable to consider them to +be anything but like other men, and we shall not be obliged to have +recourse to chance for an explanation of those small events which made +these people what they were, but it will be clear that all those small +events were inevitable. + +By discarding a claim to knowledge of the ultimate purpose, we shall +clearly perceive that just as one cannot imagine a blossom or seed for +any single plant better suited to it than those it produces, so it is +impossible to imagine any two people more completely adapted down to the +smallest detail for the purpose they had to fulfill, than Napoleon and +Alexander with all their antecedents. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +The fundamental and essential significance of the European events of the +beginning of the nineteenth century lies in the movement of the mass of +the European peoples from west to east and afterwards from east to west. +The commencement of that movement was the movement from west to east. +For the peoples of the west to be able to make their warlike movement +to Moscow it was necessary (1) that they should form themselves into +a military group of a size able to endure a collision with the warlike +military group of the east, (2) that they should abandon all established +traditions and customs, and (3) that during their military movement they +should have at their head a man who could justify to himself and to them +the deceptions, robberies, and murders which would have to be committed +during that movement. + +And beginning with the French Revolution the old inadequately large +group was destroyed, as well as the old habits and traditions, and step +by step a group was formed of larger dimensions with new customs and +traditions, and a man was produced who would stand at the head of the +coming movement and bear the responsibility for all that had to be done. + +A man without convictions, without habits, without traditions, without +a name, and not even a Frenchman, emergesby what seem the strangest +chancesfrom among all the seething French parties, and without joining +any one of them is borne forward to a prominent position. + +The ignorance of his colleagues, the weakness and insignificance of +his opponents, the frankness of his falsehoods, and the dazzling and +self-confident limitations of this man raise him to the head of the +army. The brilliant qualities of the soldiers of the army sent to Italy, +his opponents reluctance to fight, and his own childish audacity and +self-confidence secure him military fame. Innumerable so-called chances +accompany him everywhere. The disfavor into which he falls with the +rulers of France turns to his advantage. His attempts to avoid his +predestined path are unsuccessful he is not received into the Russian +service, and the appointment he seeks in Turkey comes to nothing. During +the war in Italy he is several times on the verge of destruction and +each time is saved in an unexpected manner. Owing to various diplomatic +considerations the Russian armiesjust those which might have destroyed +his prestigedo not appear upon the scene till he is no longer there. + +On his return from Italy he finds the government in Paris in a process +of dissolution in which all those who are in it are inevitably wiped +out and destroyed. And by chance an escape from this dangerous position +presents itself in the form of an aimless and senseless expedition +to Africa. Again so-called chance accompanies him. Impregnable Malta +surrenders without a shot his most reckless schemes are crowned with +success. The enemys fleet, which subsequently did not let a single boat +pass, allows his entire army to elude it. In Africa a whole series of +outrages are committed against the almost unarmed inhabitants. And the +men who commit these crimes, especially their leader, assure themselves +that this is admirable, this is gloryit resembles Caesar and Alexander +the Great and is therefore good. + +This ideal of glory and grandeurwhich consists not merely in +considering nothing wrong that one does but in priding oneself on every +crime one commits, ascribing to it an incomprehensible supernatural +significancethat ideal, destined to guide this man and his associates, +had scope for its development in Africa. Whatever he does succeeds. The +plague does not touch him. The cruelty of murdering prisoners is not +imputed to him as a fault. His childishly rash, uncalled-for, and +ignoble departure from Africa, leaving his comrades in distress, is +set down to his credit, and again the enemys fleet twice lets him slip +past. When, intoxicated by the crimes he has committed so successfully, +he reaches Paris, the dissolution of the republican government, which a +year earlier might have ruined him, has reached its extreme limit, and +his presence there now as a newcomer free from party entanglements can +only serve to exalt himand though he himself has no plan, he is quite +ready for his new rle. + +He had no plan, he was afraid of everything, but the parties snatched at +him and demanded his participation. + +He alonewith his ideal of glory and grandeur developed in Italy and +Egypt, his insane self-adulation, his boldness in crime and frankness in +lyinghe alone could justify what had to be done. + +He is needed for the place that awaits him, and so almost apart from +his will and despite his indecision, his lack of a plan, and all his +mistakes, he is drawn into a conspiracy that aims at seizing power and +the conspiracy is crowned with success. + +He is pushed into a meeting of the legislature. In alarm he wishes to +flee, considering himself lost. He pretends to fall into a swoon and +says senseless things that should have ruined him. But the once proud +and shrewd rulers of France, feeling that their part is played out, are +even more bewildered than he, and do not say the words they should have +said to destroy him and retain their power. + +Chance, millions of chances, give him power, and all men as if by +agreement co-operate to confirm that power. Chance forms the characters +of the rulers of France, who submit to him chance forms the character +of Paul I of Russia who recognizes his government chance contrives +a plot against him which not only fails to harm him but confirms his +power. Chance puts the Duc dEnghien in his hands and unexpectedly +causes him to kill himthereby convincing the mob more forcibly than +in any other way that he had the right, since he had the might. +Chance contrives that though he directs all his efforts to prepare an +expedition against England (which would inevitably have ruined him) he +never carries out that intention, but unexpectedly falls upon Mack and +the Austrians, who surrender without a battle. Chance and genius give +him the victory at Austerlitz and by chance all men, not only the +French but all Europeexcept England which does not take part in the +events about to happendespite their former horror and detestation of +his crimes, now recognize his authority, the title he has given +himself, and his ideal of grandeur and glory, which seems excellent and +reasonable to them all. + +As if measuring themselves and preparing for the coming movement, the +western forces push toward the east several times in 1805, 1806, 1807, +and 1809, gaining strength and growing. In 1811 the group of people that +had formed in France unites into one group with the peoples of Central +Europe. The strength of the justification of the man who stands at the +head of the movement grows with the increased size of the group. During +the ten-year preparatory period this man had formed relations with all +the crowned heads of Europe. The discredited rulers of the world can +oppose no reasonable ideal to the insensate Napoleonic ideal of +glory and grandeur. One after another they hasten to display their +insignificance before him. The King of Prussia sends his wife to seek +the great mans mercy the Emperor of Austria considers it a favor that +this man receives a daughter of the Caesars into his bed the Pope, the +guardian of all that the nations hold sacred, utilizes religion for the +aggrandizement of the great man. It is not Napoleon who prepares himself +for the accomplishment of his role, so much as all those round him who +prepare him to take on himself the whole responsibility for what is +happening and has to happen. There is no step, no crime or petty fraud +he commits, which in the mouths of those around him is not at once +represented as a great deed. The most suitable fte the Germans can +devise for him is a celebration of Jena and Auerstdt. Not only is he +great, but so are his ancestors, his brothers, his stepsons, and his +brothers-in-law. Everything is done to deprive him of the remains of his +reason and to prepare him for his terrible part. And when he is ready so +too are the forces. + +The invasion pushes eastward and reaches its final goalMoscow. That +city is taken the Russian army suffers heavier losses than the opposing +armies had suffered in the former war from Austerlitz to Wagram. But +suddenly instead of those chances and that genius which hitherto had +so consistently led him by an uninterrupted series of successes to the +predestined goal, an innumerable sequence of inverse chances occurfrom +the cold in his head at Borodin to the sparks which set Moscow on +fire, and the frostsand instead of genius, stupidity and immeasurable +baseness become evident. + +The invaders flee, turn back, flee again, and all the chances are now +not for Napoleon but always against him. + +A countermovement is then accomplished from east to west with a +remarkable resemblance to the preceding movement from west to east. +Attempted drives from east to westsimilar to the contrary movements of +1805, 1807, and 1809precede the great westward movement there is the +same coalescence into a group of enormous dimensions the same adhesion +of the people of Central Europe to the movement the same hesitation +midway, and the same increasing rapidity as the goal is approached. + +Paris, the ultimate goal, is reached. The Napoleonic government and army +are destroyed. Napoleon himself is no longer of any account all his +actions are evidently pitiful and mean, but again an inexplicable chance +occurs. The allies detest Napoleon whom they regard as the cause of +their sufferings. Deprived of power and authority, his crimes and his +craft exposed, he should have appeared to them what he appeared ten +years previously and one year lateran outlawed brigand. But by some +strange chance no one perceives this. His part is not yet ended. The man +who ten years before and a year later was considered an outlawed brigand +is sent to an island two days sail from France, which for some reason +is presented to him as his dominion, and guards are given to him and +millions of money are paid him. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +The flood of nations begins to subside into its normal channels. The +waves of the great movement abate, and on the calm surface eddies are +formed in which float the diplomatists, who imagine that they have +caused the floods to abate. + +But the smooth sea again suddenly becomes disturbed. The diplomatists +think that their disagreements are the cause of this fresh pressure +of natural forces they anticipate war between their sovereigns the +position seems to them insoluble. But the wave they feel to be rising +does not come from the quarter they expect. It rises again from the same +point as beforeParis. The last backwash of the movement from the west +occurs a backwash which serves to solve the apparently insuperable +diplomatic difficulties and ends the military movement of that period of +history. + +The man who had devastated France returns to France alone, without any +conspiracy and without soldiers. Any guard might arrest him, but by +strange chance no one does so and all rapturously greet the man they +cursed the day before and will curse again a month later. + +This man is still needed to justify the final collective act. + +That act is performed. + +The last rle is played. The actor is bidden to disrobe and wash off his +powder and paint he will not be wanted any more. + +And some years pass during which he plays a pitiful comedy to himself +in solitude on his island, justifying his actions by intrigues and lies +when the justification is no longer needed, and displaying to the whole +world what it was that people had mistaken for strength as long as an +unseen hand directed his actions. + +The manager having brought the drama to a close and stripped the actor +shows him to us. + +See what you believed in! This is he! Do you now see that it was not he +but I who moved you? + +But dazed by the force of the movement, it was long before people +understood this. + +Still greater coherence and inevitability is seen in the life of +Alexander I, the man who stood at the head of the countermovement from +east to west. + +What was needed for him who, overshadowing others, stood at the head of +that movement from east to west? + +What was needed was a sense of justice and a sympathy with European +affairs, but a remote sympathy not dulled by petty interests a moral +superiority over those sovereigns of the day who co-operated with him +a mild and attractive personality and a personal grievance against +Napoleon. And all this was found in Alexander I all this had been +prepared by innumerable so-called chances in his life his education, +his early liberalism, the advisers who surrounded him, and by +Austerlitz, and Tilsit, and Erfurt. + +During the national war he was inactive because he was not needed. But +as soon as the necessity for a general European war presented itself he +appeared in his place at the given moment and, uniting the nations of +Europe, led them to the goal. + +The goal is reached. After the final war of 1815 Alexander possesses all +possible power. How does he use it? + +Alexander Ithe pacifier of Europe, the man who from his early years +had striven only for his peoples welfare, the originator of the liberal +innovations in his fatherlandnow that he seemed to possess the utmost +power and therefore to have the possibility of bringing about the +welfare of his peoplesat the time when Napoleon in exile was drawing +up childish and mendacious plans of how he would have made mankind happy +had he retained powerAlexander I, having fulfilled his mission and +feeling the hand of God upon him, suddenly recognizes the insignificance +of that supposed power, turns away from it, and gives it into the hands +of contemptible men whom he despises, saying only + +Not unto us, not unto us, but unto Thy Name!... I too am a man like the +rest of you. Let me live like a man and think of my soul and of God. + +As the sun and each atom of ether is a sphere complete in itself, and +yet at the same time only a part of a whole too immense for man to +comprehend, so each individual has within himself his own aims and yet +has them to serve a general purpose incomprehensible to man. + +A bee settling on a flower has stung a child. And the child is afraid +of bees and declares that bees exist to sting people. A poet admires the +bee sucking from the chalice of a flower and says it exists to suck the +fragrance of flowers. A beekeeper, seeing the bee collect pollen from +flowers and carry it to the hive, says that it exists to gather honey. +Another beekeeper who has studied the life of the hive more closely +says that the bee gathers pollen dust to feed the young bees and rear +a queen, and that it exists to perpetuate its race. A botanist notices +that the bee flying with the pollen of a male flower to a pistil +fertilizes the latter, and sees in this the purpose of the bees +existence. Another, observing the migration of plants, notices that the +bee helps in this work, and may say that in this lies the purpose of the +bee. But the ultimate purpose of the bee is not exhausted by the first, +the second, or any of the processes the human mind can discern. The +higher the human intellect rises in the discovery of these purposes, +the more obvious it becomes, that the ultimate purpose is beyond our +comprehension. + +All that is accessible to man is the relation of the life of the bee to +other manifestations of life. And so it is with the purpose of historic +characters and nations. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +Natshas wedding to Bezkhov, which took place in 1813, was the last +happy event in the family of the old Rostvs. Count Ily Rostv died +that same year and, as always happens, after the fathers death the +family group broke up. + +The events of the previous year the burning of Moscow and the flight +from it, the death of Prince Andrew, Natshas despair, Ptyas death, +and the old countess grief fell blow after blow on the old counts +head. He seemed to be unable to understand the meaning of all these +events, and bowed his old head in a spiritual sense as if expecting and +inviting further blows which would finish him. He seemed now frightened +and distraught and now unnaturally animated and enterprising. + +The arrangements for Natshas marriage occupied him for a while. He +ordered dinners and suppers and obviously tried to appear cheerful, but +his cheerfulness was not infectious as it used to be on the contrary it +evoked the compassion of those who knew and liked him. + +When Pierre and his wife had left, he grew very quiet and began to +complain of depression. A few days later he fell ill and took to his +bed. He realized from the first that he would not get up again, despite +the doctors encouragement. The countess passed a fortnight in an +armchair by his pillow without undressing. Every time she gave him +his medicine he sobbed and silently kissed her hand. On his last day, +sobbing, he asked her and his absent son to forgive him for having +dissipated their propertythat being the chief fault of which he was +conscious. After receiving communion and unction he quietly died and +next day a throng of acquaintances who came to pay their last respects +to the deceased filled the house rented by the Rostvs. All these +acquaintances, who had so often dined and danced at his house and had so +often laughed at him, now said, with a common feeling of self-reproach +and emotion, as if justifying themselves Well, whatever he may have +been he was a most worthy man. You dont meet such men nowadays.... And +which of us has not weaknesses of his own? + +It was just when the counts affairs had become so involved that it was +impossible to say what would happen if he lived another year that he +unexpectedly died. + +Nicholas was with the Russian army in Paris when the news of his +fathers death reached him. He at once resigned his commission, and +without waiting for it to be accepted took leave of absence and went to +Moscow. The state of the counts affairs became quite obvious a month +after his death, surprising everyone by the immense total of small +debts the existence of which no one had suspected. The debts amounted to +double the value of the property. + +Friends and relations advised Nicholas to decline the inheritance. But +he regarded such a refusal as a slur on his fathers memory, which he +held sacred, and therefore would not hear of refusing and accepted the +inheritance together with the obligation to pay the debts. + +The creditors who had so long been silent, restrained by a vague +but powerful influence exerted on them while he lived by the counts +careless good nature, all proceeded to enforce their claims at once. As +always happens in such cases rivalry sprang up as to which should get +paid first, and those who like Mtenka held promissory notes given them +as presents now became the most exacting of the creditors. Nicholas was +allowed no respite and no peace, and those who had seemed to pity +the old manthe cause of their losses (if they were losses)now +remorselessly pursued the young heir who had voluntarily undertaken the +debts and was obviously not guilty of contracting them. + +Not one of the plans Nicholas tried succeeded the estate was sold by +auction for half its value, and half the debts still remained +unpaid. Nicholas accepted thirty thousand rubles offered him by his +brother-in-law Bezkhov to pay off debts he regarded as genuinely due +for value received. And to avoid being imprisoned for the remainder, as +the creditors threatened, he re-entered the government service. + +He could not rejoin the army where he would have been made colonel at +the next vacancy, for his mother now clung to him as her one hold on +life and so despite his reluctance to remain in Moscow among people who +had known him before, and despite his abhorrence of the civil service, +he accepted a post in Moscow in that service, doffed the uniform of +which he was so fond, and moved with his mother and Snya to a small +house on the Svtsev Vrazhk. + +Natsha and Pierre were living in Petersburg at the time and had no +clear idea of Nicholas circumstances. Having borrowed money from his +brother-in-law, Nicholas tried to hide his wretched condition from him. +His position was the more difficult because with his salary of twelve +hundred rubles he had not only to keep himself, his mother, and Snya, +but had to shield his mother from knowledge of their poverty. The +countess could not conceive of life without the luxurious conditions she +had been used to from childhood and, unable to realize how hard it was +for her son, kept demanding now a carriage (which they did not keep) to +send for a friend, now some expensive article of food for herself, or +wine for her son, or money to buy a present as a surprise for Natsha or +Snya, or for Nicholas himself. + +Snya kept house, attended on her aunt, read to her, put up with her +whims and secret ill-will, and helped Nicholas to conceal their poverty +from the old countess. Nicholas felt himself irredeemably indebted +to Snya for all she was doing for his mother and greatly admired her +patience and devotion, but tried to keep aloof from her. + +He seemed in his heart to reproach her for being too perfect, and +because there was nothing to reproach her with. She had all that people +are valued for, but little that could have made him love her. He felt +that the more he valued her the less he loved her. He had taken her at +her word when she wrote giving him his freedom and now behaved as if all +that had passed between them had been long forgotten and could never in +any case be renewed. + +Nicholas position became worse and worse. The idea of putting something +aside out of his salary proved a dream. Not only did he not save +anything, but to comply with his mothers demands he even incurred some +small debts. He could see no way out of this situation. The idea of +marrying some rich woman, which was suggested to him by his female +relations, was repugnant to him. The other way outhis mothers +deathnever entered his head. He wished for nothing and hoped +for nothing, and deep in his heart experienced a gloomy and stern +satisfaction in an uncomplaining endurance of his position. He tried +to avoid his old acquaintances with their commiseration and offensive +offers of assistance he avoided all distraction and recreation, and +even at home did nothing but play cards with his mother, pace silently +up and down the room, and smoke one pipe after another. He seemed +carefully to cherish within himself the gloomy mood which alone enabled +him to endure his position. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +At the beginning of winter Princess Mary came to Moscow. From reports +current in town she learned how the Rostvs were situated, and how the +son has sacrificed himself for his mother, as people were saying. + +I never expected anything else of him, said Princess Mary to herself, +feeling a joyous sense of her love for him. Remembering her friendly +relations with all the Rostvs which had made her almost a member of the +family, she thought it her duty to go to see them. But remembering her +relations with Nicholas in Vornezh she was shy about doing so. Making +a great effort she did however go to call on them a few weeks after her +arrival in Moscow. + +Nicholas was the first to meet her, as the countess room could only be +reached through his. But instead of being greeted with pleasure as she +had expected, at his first glance at her his face assumed a cold, stiff, +proud expression she had not seen on it before. He inquired about her +health, led the way to his mother, and having sat there for five minutes +left the room. + +When the princess came out of the countess room Nicholas met her again, +and with marked solemnity and stiffness accompanied her to the anteroom. +To her remarks about his mothers health he made no reply. Whats that +to you? Leave me in peace, his looks seemed to say. + +Why does she come prowling here? What does she want? I cant bear these +ladies and all these civilities! said he aloud in Snyas presence, +evidently unable to repress his vexation, after the princess carriage +had disappeared. + +Oh, Nicholas, how can you talk like that? cried Snya, hardly able to +conceal her delight. She is so kind and Mamma is so fond of her! + +Nicholas did not reply and tried to avoid speaking of the princess any +more. But after her visit the old countess spoke of her several times a +day. + +She sang her praises, insisted that her son must call on her, expressed +a wish to see her often, but yet always became ill-humored when she +began to talk about her. + +Nicholas tried to keep silence when his mother spoke of the princess, +but his silence irritated her. + +She is a very admirable and excellent young woman, said she, and you +must go and call on her. You would at least be seeing somebody, and I +think it must be dull for you only seeing us. + +But I dont in the least want to, Mamma. + +You used to want to, and now you dont. Really I dont understand you, +my dear. One day you are dull, and the next you refuse to see anyone. + +But I never said I was dull. + +Why, you said yourself you dont want even to see her. She is a very +admirable young woman and you always liked her, but now suddenly you +have got some notion or other in your head. You hide everything from +me. + +Not at all, Mamma. + +If I were asking you to do something disagreeable nowbut I only ask +you to return a call. One would think mere politeness required it.... +Well, I have asked you, and now I wont interfere any more since you +have secrets from your mother. + +Well, then, Ill go if you wish it. + +It doesnt matter to me. I only wish it for your sake. + +Nicholas sighed, bit his mustache, and laid out the cards for a +patience, trying to divert his mothers attention to another topic. + +The same conversation was repeated next day and the day after, and the +day after that. + +After her visit to the Rostvs and her unexpectedly chilly reception by +Nicholas, Princess Mary confessed to herself that she had been right in +not wishing to be the first to call. + +I expected nothing else, she told herself, calling her pride to her +aid. I have nothing to do with him and I only wanted to see the +old lady, who was always kind to me and to whom I am under many +obligations. + +But she could not pacify herself with these reflections a feeling akin +to remorse troubled her when she thought of her visit. Though she had +firmly resolved not to call on the Rostvs again and to forget the whole +matter, she felt herself all the time in an awkward position. And when +she asked herself what distressed her, she had to admit that it was her +relation to Rostv. His cold, polite manner did not express his feeling +for her (she knew that) but it concealed something, and until she could +discover what that something was, she felt that she could not be at +ease. + +One day in midwinter when sitting in the schoolroom attending to her +nephews lessons, she was informed that Rostv had called. With a firm +resolution not to betray herself and not show her agitation, she sent +for Mademoiselle Bourienne and went with her to the drawing room. + +Her first glance at Nicholas face told her that he had only come to +fulfill the demands of politeness, and she firmly resolved to maintain +the tone in which he addressed her. + +They spoke of the countess health, of their mutual friends, of the +latest war news, and when the ten minutes required by propriety had +elapsed after which a visitor may rise, Nicholas got up to say good-by. + +With Mademoiselle Bouriennes help the princess had maintained the +conversation very well, but at the very last moment, just when he rose, +she was so tired of talking of what did not interest her, and her +mind was so full of the question why she alone was granted so little +happiness in life, that in a fit of absent-mindedness she sat still, her +luminous eyes gazing fixedly before her, not noticing that he had risen. + +Nicholas glanced at her and, wishing to appear not to notice her +abstraction, made some remark to Mademoiselle Bourienne and then +again looked at the princess. She still sat motionless with a look of +suffering on her gentle face. He suddenly felt sorry for her and was +vaguely conscious that he might be the cause of the sadness her face +expressed. He wished to help her and say something pleasant, but could +think of nothing to say. + +Good-by, Princess! said he. + +She started, flushed, and sighed deeply. + +Oh, I beg your pardon, she said as if waking up. Are you going +already, Count? Well then, good-by! Oh, but the cushion for the +countess! + +Wait a moment, Ill fetch it, said Mademoiselle Bourienne, and she +left the room. + +They both sat silent, with an occasional glance at one another. + +Yes, Princess, said Nicholas at last with a sad smile, it doesnt +seem long ago since we first met at Boguchrovo, but how much water +has flowed since then! In what distress we all seemed to be then, yet +I would give much to bring back that time... but theres no bringing it +back. + +Princess Mary gazed intently into his eyes with her own luminous ones +as he said this. She seemed to be trying to fathom the hidden meaning of +his words which would explain his feeling for her. + +Yes, yes, said she, but you have no reason to regret the past, Count. +As I understand your present life, I think you will always recall it +with satisfaction, because the self-sacrifice that fills it now... + +I cannot accept your praise, he interrupted her hurriedly. On the +contrary I continually reproach myself.... But this is not at all an +interesting or cheerful subject. + +His face again resumed its former stiff and cold expression. But the +princess had caught a glimpse of the man she had known and loved, and it +was to him that she now spoke. + +I thought you would allow me to tell you this, she said. I had come +so near to you... and to all your family that I thought you would not +consider my sympathy misplaced, but I was mistaken, and suddenly her +voice trembled. I dont know why, she continued, recovering herself, +but you used to be different, and... + +There are a thousand reasons why, laying special emphasis on the why. +Thank you, Princess, he added softly. Sometimes it is hard. + +So thats why! Thats why! a voice whispered in Princess Marys soul. +No, it was not only that gay, kind, and frank look, not only that +handsome exterior, that I loved in him. I divined his noble, resolute, +self-sacrificing spirit too, she said to herself. Yes, he is poor now +and I am rich.... Yes, thats the only reason.... Yes, were it not for +that... And remembering his former tenderness, and looking now at his +kind, sorrowful face, she suddenly understood the cause of his coldness. + +But why, Count, why? she almost cried, unconsciously moving closer to +him. Why? Tell me. You must tell me! + +He was silent. + +I dont understand your why, Count, she continued, but its hard for +me... I confess it. For some reason you wish to deprive me of our former +friendship. And that hurts me. There were tears in her eyes and in her +voice. I have had so little happiness in life that every loss is hard +for me to bear.... Excuse me, good-by! and suddenly she began to cry +and was hurrying from the room. + +Princess, for Gods sake! he exclaimed, trying to stop her. +Princess! + +She turned round. For a few seconds they gazed silently into one +anothers eyesand what had seemed impossible and remote suddenly became +possible, inevitable, and very near. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +In the winter of 1813 Nicholas married Princess Mary and moved to Bald +Hills with his wife, his mother, and Snya. + +Within four years he had paid off all his remaining debts without +selling any of his wifes property, and having received a small +inheritance on the death of a cousin he paid his debt to Pierre as well. + +In another three years, by 1820, he had so managed his affairs that he +was able to buy a small estate adjoining Bald Hills and was negotiating +to buy back Otrdnoethat being his pet dream. + +Having started farming from necessity, he soon grew so devoted to it +that it became his favorite and almost his sole occupation. Nicholas was +a plain farmer he did not like innovations, especially the English ones +then coming into vogue. He laughed at theoretical treatises on estate +management, disliked factories, the raising of expensive products, +and the buying of expensive seed corn, and did not make a hobby of any +particular part of the work on his estate. He always had before his +minds eye the estate as a whole and not any particular part of it. The +chief thing in his eyes was not the nitrogen in the soil, nor the oxygen +in the air, nor manures, nor special plows, but that most important +agent by which nitrogen, oxygen, manure, and plow were made +effectivethe peasant laborer. When Nicholas first began farming +and began to understand its different branches, it was the serf who +especially attracted his attention. The peasant seemed to him not merely +a tool, but also a judge of farming and an end in himself. At first +he watched the serfs, trying to understand their aims and what they +considered good and bad, and only pretended to direct them and give +orders while in reality learning from them their methods, their manner +of speech, and their judgment of what was good and bad. Only when he +had understood the peasants tastes and aspirations, had learned to talk +their language, to grasp the hidden meaning of their words, and felt +akin to them did he begin boldly to manage his serfs, that is, to +perform toward them the duties demanded of him. And Nicholas management +produced very brilliant results. + +Guided by some gift of insight, on taking up the management of the +estates he at once unerringly appointed as bailiff, village elder, and +delegate, the very men the serfs would themselves have chosen had they +had the right to choose, and these posts never changed hands. Before +analyzing the properties of manure, before entering into the debit and +credit (as he ironically called it), he found out how many cattle the +peasants had and increased the number by all possible means. He kept the +peasant families together in the largest groups possible, not allowing +the family groups to divide into separate households. He was hard alike +on the lazy, the depraved, and the weak, and tried to get them expelled +from the commune. + +He was as careful of the sowing and reaping of the peasants hay +and corn as of his own, and few landowners had their crops sown +and harvested so early and so well, or got so good a return, as did +Nicholas. + +He disliked having anything to do with the domestic serfsthe drones +as he called themand everyone said he spoiled them by his laxity. When +a decision had to be taken regarding a domestic serf, especially if one +had to be punished, he always felt undecided and consulted everybody in +the house but when it was possible to have a domestic serf conscripted +instead of a land worker he did so without the least hesitation. He +never felt any hesitation in dealing with the peasants. He knew that his +every decision would be approved by them all with very few exceptions. + +He did not allow himself either to be hard on or punish a man, or to +make things easy for or reward anyone, merely because he felt inclined +to do so. He could not have said by what standard he judged what he +should or should not do, but the standard was quite firm and definite in +his own mind. + +Often, speaking with vexation of some failure or irregularity, he would +say What can one do with our Russian peasants? and imagined that he +could not bear them. + +Yet he loved our Russian peasants and their way of life with his whole +soul, and for that very reason had understood and assimilated the one +way and manner of farming which produced good results. + +Countess Mary was jealous of this passion of her husbands and regretted +that she could not share it but she could not understand the joys and +vexations he derived from that world, to her so remote and alien. She +could not understand why he was so particularly animated and happy +when, after getting up at daybreak and spending the whole morning in the +fields or on the threshing floor, he returned from the sowing or mowing +or reaping to have tea with her. She did not understand why he spoke +with such admiration and delight of the farming of the thrifty and +well-to-do peasant Matthew Ermshin, who with his family had carted +corn all night or of the fact that his (Nicholas) sheaves were already +stacked before anyone else had his harvest in. She did not understand +why he stepped out from the window to the veranda and smiled under his +mustache and winked so joyfully, when warm steady rain began to fall +on the dry and thirsty shoots of the young oats, or why when the wind +carried away a threatening cloud during the hay harvest he would return +from the barn, flushed, sunburned, and perspiring, with a smell of +wormwood and gentian in his hair and, gleefully rubbing his hands, would +say Well, one more day and my grain and the peasants will all be +under cover. + +Still less did she understand why he, kindhearted and always ready to +anticipate her wishes, should become almost desperate when she brought +him a petition from some peasant men or women who had appealed to her +to be excused some work why he, that kind Nicholas, should obstinately +refuse her, angrily asking her not to interfere in what was not her +business. She felt he had a world apart, which he loved passionately and +which had laws she had not fathomed. + +Sometimes when, trying to understand him, she spoke of the good work he +was doing for his serfs, he would be vexed and reply Not in the least +it never entered my head and I wouldnt do that for their good! Thats +all poetry and old wives talkall that doing good to ones neighbor! +What I want is that our children should not have to go begging. I must +put our affairs in order while I am alive, thats all. And to do that, +order and strictness are essential.... Thats all about it! said he, +clenching his vigorous fist. And fairness, of course, he added, for +if the peasant is naked and hungry and has only one miserable horse, he +can do no good either for himself or for me. + +And all Nicholas did was fruitfulprobably just because he refused to +allow himself to think that he was doing good to others for virtues +sake. His means increased rapidly serfs from neighboring estates came +to beg him to buy them, and long after his death the memory of his +administration was devoutly preserved among the serfs. He was a +master... the peasants affairs first and then his own. Of course he was +not to be trifled with eitherin a word, he was a real master! + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +One matter connected with his management sometimes worried Nicholas, and +that was his quick temper together with his old hussar habit of making +free use of his fists. At first he saw nothing reprehensible in +this, but in the second year of his marriage his view of that form of +punishment suddenly changed. + +Once in summer he had sent for the village elder from Boguchrovo, a +man who had succeeded to the post when Dron died and who was accused of +dishonesty and various irregularities. Nicholas went out into the porch +to question him, and immediately after the elder had given a few replies +the sound of cries and blows were heard. On returning to lunch Nicholas +went up to his wife, who sat with her head bent low over her embroidery +frame, and as usual began to tell her what he had been doing that +morning. Among other things he spoke of the Boguchrovo elder. Countess +Mary turned red and then pale, but continued to sit with head bowed and +lips compressed and gave her husband no reply. + +Such an insolent scoundrel! he cried, growing hot again at the mere +recollection of him. If he had told me he was drunk and did not see... +But what is the matter with you, Mary? he suddenly asked. + +Countess Mary raised her head and tried to speak, but hastily looked +down again and her lips puckered. + +Why, whatever is the matter, my dearest? + +The looks of the plain Countess Mary always improved when she was in +tears. She never cried from pain or vexation, but always from sorrow or +pity, and when she wept her radiant eyes acquired an irresistible charm. + +The moment Nicholas took her hand she could no longer restrain herself +and began to cry. + +Nicholas, I saw it... he was to blame, but why do you... Nicholas! and +she covered her face with her hands. + +Nicholas said nothing. He flushed crimson, left her side, and paced up +and down the room. He understood what she was weeping about, but could +not in his heart at once agree with her that what he had regarded +from childhood as quite an everyday event was wrong. Is it just +sentimentality, old wives tales, or is she right? he asked himself. +Before he had solved that point he glanced again at her face filled with +love and pain, and he suddenly realized that she was right and that he +had long been sinning against himself. + +Mary, he said softly, going up to her, it will never happen again +I give you my word. Never, he repeated in a trembling voice like a boy +asking for forgiveness. + +The tears flowed faster still from the countess eyes. She took his hand +and kissed it. + +Nicholas, when did you break your cameo? she asked to change the +subject, looking at his finger on which he wore a ring with a cameo of +Laocons head. + +Todayit was the same affair. Oh, Mary, dont remind me of it! and +again he flushed. I give you my word of honor it shant occur again, +and let this always be a reminder to me, and he pointed to the broken +ring. + +After that, when in discussions with his village elders or stewards the +blood rushed to his face and his fists began to clench, Nicholas would +turn the broken ring on his finger and would drop his eyes before the +man who was making him angry. But he did forget himself once or twice +within a twelvemonth, and then he would go and confess to his wife, and +would again promise that this should really be the very last time. + +Mary, you must despise me! he would say. I deserve it. + +You should go, go away at once, if you dont feel strong enough to +control yourself, she would reply sadly, trying to comfort her husband. + +Among the gentry of the province Nicholas was respected but not liked. +He did not concern himself with the interests of his own class, and +consequently some thought him proud and others thought him stupid. The +whole summer, from spring sowing to harvest, he was busy with the work +on his farm. In autumn he gave himself up to hunting with the same +business-like seriousnessleaving home for a month, or even two, with +his hunt. In winter he visited his other villages or spent his time +reading. The books he read were chiefly historical, and on these he +spent a certain sum every year. He was collecting, as he said, a serious +library, and he made it a rule to read through all the books he bought. +He would sit in his study with a grave air, readinga task he first +imposed upon himself as a duty, but which afterwards became a habit +affording him a special kind of pleasure and a consciousness of +being occupied with serious matters. In winter, except for business +excursions, he spent most of his time at home making himself one with +his family and entering into all the details of his childrens relations +with their mother. The harmony between him and his wife grew closer and +closer and he daily discovered fresh spiritual treasures in her. + +From the time of his marriage Snya had lived in his house. Before +that, Nicholas had told his wife all that had passed between himself and +Snya, blaming himself and commending her. He had asked Princess Mary to +be gentle and kind to his cousin. She thoroughly realized the wrong he +had done Snya, felt herself to blame toward her, and imagined that her +wealth had influenced Nicholas choice. She could not find fault with +Snya in any way and tried to be fond of her, but often felt ill-will +toward her which she could not overcome. + +Once she had a talk with her friend Natsha about Snya and about her +own injustice toward her. + +You know, said Natsha, you have read the Gospels a great dealthere +is a passage in them that just fits Snya. + +What? asked Countess Mary, surprised. + +To him that hath shall be given, and from him that hath not shall be +taken away. You remember? She is one that hath not why, I dont know. +Perhaps she lacks egotism, I dont know, but from her is taken away, and +everything has been taken away. Sometimes I am dreadfully sorry for her. +Formerly I very much wanted Nicholas to marry her, but I always had +a sort of presentiment that it would not come off. She is a sterile +flower, you knowlike some strawberry blossoms. Sometimes I am sorry for +her, and sometimes I think she doesnt feel it as you or I would. + +Though Countess Mary told Natsha that those words in the Gospel must be +understood differently, yet looking at Snya she agreed with Natshas +explanation. It really seemed that Snya did not feel her position +trying, and had grown quite reconciled to her lot as a sterile flower. +She seemed to be fond not so much of individuals as of the family as a +whole. Like a cat, she had attached herself not to the people but to the +home. She waited on the old countess, petted and spoiled the children, +was always ready to render the small services for which she had a gift, +and all this was unconsciously accepted from her with insufficient +gratitude. + +The country seat at Bald Hills had been rebuilt, though not on the same +scale as under the old prince. + +The buildings, begun under straitened circumstances, were more than +simple. The immense house on the old stone foundations was of wood, +plastered only inside. It had bare deal floors and was furnished with +very simple hard sofas, armchairs, tables, and chairs made by their own +serf carpenters out of their own birchwood. The house was spacious +and had rooms for the house serfs and apartments for visitors. Whole +families of the Rostvs and Bolknskis relations sometimes came to +Bald Hills with sixteen horses and dozens of servants and stayed for +months. Besides that, four times a year, on the name days and birthdays +of the hosts, as many as a hundred visitors would gather there for a day +or two. The rest of the year life pursued its unbroken routine with its +ordinary occupations, and its breakfasts, lunches, dinners, and suppers, +provided out of the produce of the estate. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +It was the eve of St. Nicholas, the fifth of December, 1820. Natsha had +been staying at her brothers with her husband and children since early +autumn. Pierre had gone to Petersburg on business of his own for three +weeks as he said, but had remained there nearly seven weeks and was +expected back every minute. + +Besides the Bezkhov family, Nicholas old friend the retired General +Vasli Dmtrich Densov was staying with the Rostvs this fifth of +December. + +On the sixth, which was his name day when the house would be full of +visitors, Nicholas knew he would have to exchange his Tartar tunic for +a tail coat, and put on narrow boots with pointed toes, and drive to +the new church he had built, and then receive visitors who would come to +congratulate him, offer them refreshments, and talk about the elections +of the nobility but he considered himself entitled to spend the eve +of that day in his usual way. He examined the bailiffs accounts of +the village in Ryazn which belonged to his wifes nephew, wrote two +business letters, and walked over to the granaries, cattle yards and +stables before dinner. Having taken precautions against the general +drunkenness to be expected on the morrow because it was a great saints +day, he returned to dinner, and without having time for a private talk +with his wife sat down at the long table laid for twenty persons, at +which the whole household had assembled. At that table were his mother, +his mothers old lady companion Belva, his wife, their three children +with their governess and tutor, his wifes nephew with his tutor, Snya, +Densov, Natsha, her three children, their governess, and old Michael +Ivnovich, the late princes architect, who was living on in retirement +at Bald Hills. + +Countess Mary sat at the other end of the table. When her husband took +his place she concluded, from the rapid manner in which after taking +up his table napkin he pushed back the tumbler and wineglass standing +before him, that he was out of humor, as was sometimes the case when +he came in to dinner straight from the farmespecially before the soup. +Countess Mary well knew that mood of his, and when she herself was in +a good frame of mind quietly waited till he had had his soup and then +began to talk to him and make him admit that there was no cause for his +ill-humor. But today she quite forgot that and was hurt that he should +be angry with her without any reason, and she felt unhappy. She asked +him where he had been. He replied. She again inquired whether +everything was going well on the farm. Her unnatural tone made him wince +unpleasantly and he replied hastily. + +Then Im not mistaken, thought Countess Mary. Why is he cross with +me? She concluded from his tone that he was vexed with her and wished +to end the conversation. She knew her remarks sounded unnatural, but +could not refrain from asking some more questions. + +Thanks to Densov the conversation at table soon became general and +lively, and she did not talk to her husband. When they left the table +and went as usual to thank the old countess, Countess Mary held out her +hand and kissed her husband, and asked him why he was angry with her. + +You always have such strange fancies! I didnt even think of being +angry, he replied. + +But the word always seemed to her to imply Yes, I am angry but I wont +tell you why. + +Nicholas and his wife lived together so happily that even Snya and the +old countess, who felt jealous and would have liked them to disagree, +could find nothing to reproach them with but even they had their +moments of antagonism. Occasionally, and it was always just after they +had been happiest together, they suddenly had a feeling of estrangement +and hostility, which occurred most frequently during Countess Marys +pregnancies, and this was such a time. + +Well, messieurs et mesdames, said Nicholas loudly and with apparent +cheerfulness (it seemed to Countess Mary that he did it on purpose to +vex her), I have been on my feet since six this morning. Tomorrow I +shall have to suffer, so today Ill go and rest. + +And without a word to his wife he went to the little sitting room and +lay down on the sofa. + +Thats always the way, thought Countess Mary. He talks to everyone +except me. I see... I see that I am repulsive to him, especially when I +am in this condition. She looked down at her expanded figure and in the +glass at her pale, sallow, emaciated face in which her eyes now looked +larger than ever. + +And everything annoyed herDensovs shouting and laughter, Natshas +talk, and especially a quick glance Snya gave her. + +Snya was always the first excuse Countess Mary found for feeling +irritated. + +Having sat awhile with her visitors without understanding anything of +what they were saying, she softly left the room and went to the nursery. + +The children were playing at going to Moscow in a carriage made of +chairs and invited her to go with them. She sat down and played with +them a little, but the thought of her husband and his unreasonable +crossness worried her. She got up and, walking on tiptoe with +difficulty, went to the small sitting room. + +Perhaps he is not asleep Ill have an explanation with him, she +said to herself. Little Andrew, her eldest boy, imitating his mother, +followed her on tiptoe. She did not notice him. + +Mary, dear, I think he is asleephe was so tired, said Snya, meeting +her in the large sitting room (it seemed to Countess Mary that she +crossed her path everywhere). Andrew may wake him. + +Countess Mary looked round, saw little Andrew following her, felt that +Snya was right, and for that very reason flushed and with evident +difficulty refrained from saying something harsh. She made no reply, but +to avoid obeying Snya beckoned to Andrew to follow her quietly and went +to the door. Snya went away by another door. From the room in which +Nicholas was sleeping came the sound of his even breathing, every +slightest tone of which was familiar to his wife. As she listened to it +she saw before her his smooth handsome forehead, his mustache, and his +whole face, as she had so often seen it in the stillness of the night +when he slept. Nicholas suddenly moved and cleared his throat. And at +that moment little Andrew shouted from outside the door Papa! Mammas +standing here! Countess Mary turned pale with fright and made signs +to the boy. He grew silent, and quiet ensued for a moment, terrible to +Countess Mary. She knew how Nicholas disliked being waked. Then through +the door she heard Nicholas clearing his throat again and stirring, and +his voice said crossly + +I cant get a moments peace.... Mary, is that you? Why did you bring +him here? + +I only came in to look and did not notice... forgive me.... + +Nicholas coughed and said no more. Countess Mary moved away from the +door and took the boy back to the nursery. Five minutes later little +black-eyed three-year-old Natsha, her fathers pet, having learned from +her brother that Papa was asleep and Mamma was in the sitting room, ran +to her father unobserved by her mother. The dark-eyed little girl boldly +opened the creaking door, went up to the sofa with energetic steps of +her sturdy little legs, and having examined the position of her father, +who was asleep with his back to her, rose on tiptoe and kissed the hand +which lay under his head. Nicholas turned with a tender smile on his +face. + +Natsha, Natsha! came Countess Marys frightened whisper from the +door. Papa wants to sleep. + +No, Mamma, he doesnt want to sleep, said little Natsha with +conviction. Hes laughing. + +Nicholas lowered his legs, rose, and took his daughter in his arms. + +Come in, Mary, he said to his wife. + +She went in and sat down by her husband. + +I did not notice him following me, she said timidly. I just looked +in. + +Holding his little girl with one arm, Nicholas glanced at his wife and, +seeing her guilty expression, put his other arm around her and kissed +her hair. + +May I kiss Mamma? he asked Natsha. + +Natsha smiled bashfully. + +Again! she commanded, pointing with a peremptory gesture to the spot +where Nicholas had placed the kiss. + +I dont know why you think I am cross, said Nicholas, replying to the +question he knew was in his wifes mind. + +You have no idea how unhappy, how lonely, I feel when you are like +that. It always seems to me... + +Mary, dont talk nonsense. You ought to be ashamed of yourself! he +said gaily. + +It seems to be that you cant love me, that I am so plain... always... +and now... in this cond... + +Oh, how absurd you are! It is not beauty that endears, its love that +makes us see beauty. It is only Malvnas and women of that kind who are +loved for their beauty. But do I love my wife? I dont love her, but... +I dont know how to put it. Without you, or when something comes between +us like this, I seem lost and cant do anything. Now do I love my +finger? I dont love it, but just try to cut it off! + +Im not like that myself, but I understand. So youre not angry with +me? + +Awfully angry! he said, smiling and getting up. And smoothing his hair +he began to pace the room. + +Do you know, Mary, what Ive been thinking? he began, immediately +thinking aloud in his wifes presence now that they had made it up. + +He did not ask if she was ready to listen to him. He did not care. A +thought had occurred to him and so it belonged to her also. And he told +her of his intention to persuade Pierre to stay with them till spring. + +Countess Mary listened till he had finished, made some remark, and in +her turn began thinking aloud. Her thoughts were about the children. + +You can see the woman in her already, she said in French, pointing to +little Natsha. You reproach us women with being illogical. Here is our +logic. I say Papa wants to sleep! but she says, No, hes laughing. +And she was right, said Countess Mary with a happy smile. + +Yes, yes. And Nicholas, taking his little daughter in his strong hand, +lifted her high, placed her on his shoulder, held her by the legs, and +paced the room with her. There was an expression of carefree happiness +on the faces of both father and daughter. + +But you know you may be unfair. You are too fond of this one, his wife +whispered in French. + +Yes, but what am I to do?... I try not to show... + +At that moment they heard the sound of the door pulley and footsteps in +the hall and anteroom, as if someone had arrived. + +Somebody has come. + +I am sure it is Pierre. I will go and see, said Countess Mary and left +the room. + +In her absence Nicholas allowed himself to give his little daughter a +gallop round the room. Out of breath, he took the laughing child quickly +from his shoulder and pressed her to his heart. His capers reminded +him of dancing, and looking at the childs round happy little face he +thought of what she would be like when he was an old man, taking her +into society and dancing the mazurka with her as his old father had +danced Daniel Cooper with his daughter. + +It is he, it is he, Nicholas! said Countess Mary, re-entering the room +a few minutes later. Now our Natsha has come to life. You should have +seen her ecstasy, and how he caught it for having stayed away so long. +Well, come along now, quick, quick! Its time you two were parted, she +added, looking smilingly at the little girl who clung to her father. + +Nicholas went out holding the child by the hand. + +Countess Mary remained in the sitting room. + +I should never, never have believed that one could be so happy, she +whispered to herself. A smile lit up her face but at the same time she +sighed, and her deep eyes expressed a quiet sadness as though she +felt, through her happiness, that there is another sort of happiness +unattainable in this life and of which she involuntarily thought at that +instant. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Natsha had married in the early spring of 1813, and in 1820 already had +three daughters besides a son for whom she had longed and whom she was +now nursing. She had grown stouter and broader, so that it was difficult +to recognize in this robust, motherly woman the slim, lively Natsha of +former days. Her features were more defined and had a calm, soft, +and serene expression. In her face there was none of the ever-glowing +animation that had formerly burned there and constituted its charm. +Now her face and body were often all that one saw, and her soul was +not visible at all. All that struck the eye was a strong, handsome, and +fertile woman. The old fire very rarely kindled in her face now. That +happened only when, as was the case that day, her husband returned home, +or a sick child was convalescent, or when she and Countess Mary spoke of +Prince Andrew (she never mentioned him to her husband, who she imagined +was jealous of Prince Andrews memory), or on the rare occasions when +something happened to induce her to sing, a practice she had quite +abandoned since her marriage. At the rare moments when the old fire +did kindle in her handsome, fully developed body she was even more +attractive than in former days. + +Since their marriage Natsha and her husband had lived in Moscow, in +Petersburg, on their estate near Moscow, or with her mother, that is to +say, in Nicholas house. The young Countess Bezkhova was not often seen +in society, and those who met her there were not pleased with her +and found her neither attractive nor amiable. Not that Natsha liked +solitudeshe did not know whether she liked it or not, she even thought +that she did notbut with her pregnancies, her confinements, the nursing +of her children, and sharing every moment of her husbands life, she had +demands on her time which could be satisfied only by renouncing society. +All who had known Natsha before her marriage wondered at the change +in her as at something extraordinary. Only the old countess with her +maternal instinct had realized that all Natshas outbursts had been due +to her need of children and a husbandas she herself had once exclaimed +at Otrdnoe not so much in fun as in earnestand her mother was now +surprised at the surprise expressed by those who had never understood +Natsha, and she kept saying that she had always known that Natsha +would make an exemplary wife and mother. + +Only she lets her love of her husband and children overflow all +bounds, said the countess, so that it even becomes absurd. + +Natsha did not follow the golden rule advocated by clever folk, +especially by the French, which says that a girl should not let herself +go when she marries, should not neglect her accomplishments, should be +even more careful of her appearance than when she was unmarried, and +should fascinate her husband as much as she did before he became her +husband. Natsha on the contrary had at once abandoned all her witchery, +of which her singing had been an unusually powerful part. She gave it up +just because it was so powerfully seductive. She took no pains with +her manners or with delicacy of speech, or with her toilet, or to show +herself to her husband in her most becoming attitudes, or to avoid +inconveniencing him by being too exacting. She acted in contradiction +to all those rules. She felt that the allurements instinct had formerly +taught her to use would now be merely ridiculous in the eyes of +her husband, to whom she had from the first moment given herself up +entirelythat is, with her whole soul, leaving no corner of it hidden +from him. She felt that her unity with her husband was not maintained +by the poetic feelings that had attracted him to her, but by something +elseindefinite but firm as the bond between her own body and soul. + +To fluff out her curls, put on fashionable dresses, and sing romantic +songs to fascinate her husband would have seemed as strange as to adorn +herself to attract herself. To adorn herself for others might perhaps +have been agreeableshe did not knowbut she had no time at all for it. +The chief reason for devoting no time either to singing, to dress, or +to choosing her words was that she really had no time to spare for these +things. + +We know that man has the faculty of becoming completely absorbed in +a subject however trivial it may be, and that there is no subject so +trivial that it will not grow to infinite proportions if ones entire +attention is devoted to it. + +The subject which wholly engrossed Natshas attention was her family +that is, her husband whom she had to keep so that he should belong +entirely to her and to the home, and the children whom she had to bear, +bring into the world, nurse, and bring up. + +And the deeper she penetrated, not with her mind only but with her whole +soul, her whole being, into the subject that absorbed her, the larger +did that subject grow and the weaker and more inadequate did her powers +appear, so that she concentrated them wholly on that one thing and yet +was unable to accomplish all that she considered necessary. + +There were then as now conversations and discussions about womens +rights, the relations of husband and wife and their freedom and rights, +though these themes were not yet termed questions as they are now but +these topics were not merely uninteresting to Natsha, she positively +did not understand them. + +These questions, then as now, existed only for those who see nothing in +marriage but the pleasure married people get from one another, that is, +only the beginnings of marriage and not its whole significance, which +lies in the family. + +Discussions and questions of that kind, which are like the question of +how to get the greatest gratification from ones dinner, did not then +and do not now exist for those for whom the purpose of a dinner is the +nourishment it affords and the purpose of marriage is the family. + +If the purpose of dinner is to nourish the body, a man who eats two +dinners at once may perhaps get more enjoyment but will not attain his +purpose, for his stomach will not digest the two dinners. + +If the purpose of marriage is the family, the person who wishes to have +many wives or husbands may perhaps obtain much pleasure, but in that +case will not have a family. + +If the purpose of food is nourishment and the purpose of marriage is the +family, the whole question resolves itself into not eating more than one +can digest, and not having more wives or husbands than are needed for +the familythat is, one wife or one husband. Natsha needed a husband. A +husband was given her and he gave her a family. And she not only saw no +need of any other or better husband, but as all the powers of her soul +were intent on serving that husband and family, she could not imagine +and saw no interest in imagining how it would be if things were +different. + +Natsha did not care for society in general, but prized the more the +society of her relativesCountess Mary, and her brother, her mother, and +Snya. She valued the company of those to whom she could come striding +disheveled from the nursery in her dressing gown, and with joyful face +show a yellow instead of a green stain on babys napkin, and from whom +she could hear reassuring words to the effect that baby was much better. + +To such an extent had Natsha let herself go that the way she dressed +and did her hair, her ill-chosen words, and her jealousyshe was jealous +of Snya, of the governess, and of every woman, pretty or plainwere +habitual subjects of jest to those about her. The general opinion was +that Pierre was under his wifes thumb, which was really true. From the +very first days of their married life Natsha had announced her demands. +Pierre was greatly surprised by his wifes view, to him a perfectly +novel one, that every moment of his life belonged to her and to the +family. His wifes demands astonished him, but they also flattered him, +and he submitted to them. + +Pierres subjection consisted in the fact that he not only dared not +flirt with, but dared not even speak smilingly to, any other woman did +not dare dine at the Club as a pastime, did not dare spend money on a +whim, and did not dare absent himself for any length of time, except on +businessin which his wife included his intellectual pursuits, which +she did not in the least understand but to which she attributed great +importance. To make up for this, at home Pierre had the right to +regulate his life and that of the whole family exactly as he chose. At +home Natsha placed herself in the position of a slave to her husband, +and the whole household went on tiptoe when he was occupiedthat is, was +reading or writing in his study. Pierre had but to show a partiality for +anything to get just what he liked done always. He had only to express a +wish and Natsha would jump up and run to fulfill it. + +The entire household was governed according to Pierres supposed orders, +that is, by his wishes which Natsha tried to guess. Their way of +life and place of residence, their acquaintances and ties, Natshas +occupations, the childrens upbringing, were all selected not merely +with regard to Pierres expressed wishes, but to what Natsha from the +thoughts he expressed in conversation supposed his wishes to be. And she +deduced the essentials of his wishes quite correctly, and having once +arrived at them clung to them tenaciously. When Pierre himself wanted to +change his mind she would fight him with his own weapons. + +Thus in a time of trouble ever memorable to him after the birth of their +first child who was delicate, when they had to change the wet nurse +three times and Natsha fell ill from despair, Pierre one day told her +of Rousseaus view, with which he quite agreed, that to have a wet +nurse is unnatural and harmful. When her next baby was born, despite +the opposition of her mother, the doctors, and even of her husband +himselfwho were all vigorously opposed to her nursing her baby herself, +a thing then unheard of and considered injuriousshe insisted on having +her own way, and after that nursed all her babies herself. + +It very often happened that in a moment of irritation husband and wife +would have a dispute, but long afterwards Pierre to his surprise and +delight would find in his wifes ideas and actions the very thought +against which she had argued, but divested of everything superfluous +that in the excitement of the dispute he had added when expressing his +opinion. + +After seven years of marriage Pierre had the joyous and firm +consciousness that he was not a bad man, and he felt this because he saw +himself reflected in his wife. He felt the good and bad within himself +inextricably mingled and overlapping. But only what was really good in +him was reflected in his wife, all that was not quite good was rejected. +And this was not the result of logical reasoning but was a direct and +mysterious reflection. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Two months previously when Pierre was already staying with the Rostvs +he had received a letter from Prince Theodore, asking him to come +to Petersburg to confer on some important questions that were being +discussed there by a society of which Pierre was one of the principal +founders. + +On reading that letter (she always read her husbands letters) Natsha +herself suggested that he should go to Petersburg, though she would feel +his absence very acutely. She attributed immense importance to all +her husbands intellectual and abstract interests though she did not +understand them, and she always dreaded being a hindrance to him in such +matters. To Pierres timid look of inquiry after reading the letter she +replied by asking him to go, but to fix a definite date for his return. +He was given four weeks leave of absence. + +Ever since that leave of absence had expired, more than a fortnight +before, Natsha had been in a constant state of alarm, depression, and +irritability. + +Densov, now a general on the retired list and much dissatisfied with +the present state of affairs, had arrived during that fortnight. He +looked at Natsha with sorrow and surprise as at a bad likeness of a +person once dear. A dull, dejected look, random replies, and talk about +the nursery was all he saw and heard from his former enchantress. + +Natsha was sad and irritable all that time, especially when her mother, +her brother, Snya, or Countess Mary in their efforts to console her +tried to excuse Pierre and suggested reasons for his delay in returning. + +Its all nonsense, all rubbishthose discussions which lead to nothing +and all those idiotic societies! Natsha declared of the very affairs +in the immense importance of which she firmly believed. + +And she would go to the nursery to nurse Ptya, her only boy. No one +else could tell her anything so comforting or so reasonable as this +little three-month-old creature when he lay at her breast and she was +conscious of the movement of his lips and the snuffling of his little +nose. That creature said You are angry, you are jealous, you would +like to pay him out, you are afraidbut here am I! And I am he... and +that was unanswerable. It was more than true. + +During that fortnight of anxiety Natsha resorted to the baby for +comfort so often, and fussed over him so much, that she overfed him and +he fell ill. She was terrified by his illness, and yet that was just +what she needed. While attending to him she bore the anxiety about her +husband more easily. + +She was nursing her boy when the sound of Pierres sleigh was heard +at the front door, and the old nurseknowing how to please her +mistressentered the room inaudibly but hurriedly and with a beaming +face. + +Has he come? Natsha asked quickly in a whisper, afraid to move lest +she should rouse the dozing baby. + +Hes come, maam, whispered the nurse. + +The blood rushed to Natshas face and her feet involuntarily moved, but +she could not jump up and run out. The baby again opened his eyes and +looked at her. Youre here? he seemed to be saying, and again lazily +smacked his lips. + +Cautiously withdrawing her breast, Natsha rocked him a little, handed +him to the nurse, and went with rapid steps toward the door. But at the +door she stopped as if her conscience reproached her for having in +her joy left the child too soon, and she glanced round. The nurse with +raised elbows was lifting the infant over the rail of his cot. + +Go, maam! Dont worry, go! she whispered, smiling, with the kind of +familiarity that grows up between a nurse and her mistress. + +Natsha ran with light footsteps to the anteroom. + +Densov, who had come out of the study into the dancing room with his +pipe, now for the first time recognized the old Natsha. A flood of +brilliant, joyful light poured from her transfigured face. + +Hes come! she exclaimed as she ran past, and Densov felt that he too +was delighted that Pierre, whom he did not much care for, had returned. + +On reaching the vestibule Natsha saw a tall figure in a fur coat +unwinding his scarf. Its he! Its really he! He has come! she said +to herself, and rushing at him embraced him, pressed his head to her +breast, and then pushed him back and gazed at his ruddy, happy face, +covered with hoarfrost. Yes, it is he, happy and contented.... + +Then all at once she remembered the tortures of suspense she had +experienced for the last fortnight, and the joy that had lit up her +face vanished she frowned and overwhelmed Pierre with a torrent of +reproaches and angry words. + +Yes, its all very well for you. You are pleased, youve had a good +time.... But what about me? You might at least have shown consideration +for the children. I am nursing and my milk was spoiled.... Ptya was at +deaths door. But you were enjoying yourself. Yes, enjoying... + +Pierre knew he was not to blame, for he could not have come sooner he +knew this outburst was unseemly and would blow over in a minute or two +above all he knew that he himself was bright and happy. He wanted +to smile but dared not even think of doing so. He made a piteous, +frightened face and bent down. + +I could not, on my honor. But how is Ptya? + +All right now. Come along! I wonder youre not ashamed! If only you +could see what I was like without you, how I suffered! + +You are well? + +Come, come! she said, not letting go of his arm. And they went to +their rooms. + +When Nicholas and his wife came to look for Pierre he was in the nursery +holding his baby son, who was again awake, on his huge right palm and +dandling him. A blissful bright smile was fixed on the babys broad face +with its toothless open mouth. The storm was long since over and there +was bright, joyous sunshine on Natshas face as she gazed tenderly at +her husband and child. + +And have you talked everything well over with Prince Theodore? she +asked. + +Yes, capitally. + +You see, he holds it up. (She meant the babys head.) But how he did +frighten me... Youve seen the princess? Is it true shes in love with +that... + +Yes, just fancy... + +At that moment Nicholas and Countess Mary came in. Pierre with the baby +on his hand stooped, kissed them, and replied to their inquiries. But +in spite of much that was interesting and had to be discussed, the baby +with the little cap on its unsteady head evidently absorbed all his +attention. + +How sweet! said Countess Mary, looking at and playing with the baby. +Now, Nicholas, she added, turning to her husband, I cant understand +how it is you dont see the charm of these delicious marvels. + +I dont and cant, replied Nicholas, looking coldly at the baby. A +lump of flesh. Come along, Pierre! + +And yet hes such an affectionate father, said Countess Mary, +vindicating her husband, but only after they are a year old or so... + +Now, Pierre nurses them splendidly, said Natsha. He says his hand is +just made for a babys seat. Just look! + +Only not for this... Pierre suddenly exclaimed with a laugh, and +shifting the baby he gave him to the nurse. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +As in every large household, there were at Bald Hills several perfectly +distinct worlds which merged into one harmonious whole, though each +retained its own peculiarities and made concessions to the others. Every +event, joyful or sad, that took place in that house was important to all +these worlds, but each had its own special reasons to rejoice or grieve +over that occurrence independently of the others. + +For instance, Pierres return was a joyful and important event and they +all felt it to be so. + +The servantsthe most reliable judges of their masters because they +judge not by their conversation or expressions of feeling but by their +acts and way of lifewere glad of Pierres return because they knew that +when he was there Count Nicholas would cease going every day to attend +to the estate, and would be in better spirits and temper, and also +because they would all receive handsome presents for the holidays. + +The children and their governesses were glad of Pierres return because +no one else drew them into the social life of the household as he did. +He alone could play on the clavichord that cossaise (his only piece) +to which, as he said, all possible dances could be danced, and they felt +sure he had brought presents for them all. + +Young Nicholas, now a slim lad of fifteen, delicate and intelligent, +with curly light-brown hair and beautiful eyes, was delighted because +Uncle Pierre as he called him was the object of his rapturous and +passionate affection. No one had instilled into him this love for Pierre +whom he saw only occasionally. Countess Mary who had brought him up +had done her utmost to make him love her husband as she loved him, and +little Nicholas did love his uncle, but loved him with just a shade of +contempt. Pierre, however, he adored. He did not want to be an hussar or +a Knight of St. George like his uncle Nicholas he wanted to be learned, +wise, and kind like Pierre. In Pierres presence his face always shone +with pleasure and he flushed and was breathless when Pierre spoke to +him. He did not miss a single word he uttered, and would afterwards, +with Dessalles or by himself, recall and reconsider the meaning of +everything Pierre had said. Pierres past life and his unhappiness prior +to 1812 (of which young Nicholas had formed a vague poetic picture from +some words he had overheard), his adventures in Moscow, his captivity, +Platn Karatev (of whom he had heard from Pierre), his love for Natsha +(of whom the lad was also particularly fond), and especially Pierres +friendship with the father whom Nicholas could not rememberall this +made Pierre in his eyes a hero and a saint. + +From broken remarks about Natsha and his father, from the emotion with +which Pierre spoke of that dead father, and from the careful, reverent +tenderness with which Natsha spoke of him, the boy, who was only just +beginning to guess what love is, derived the notion that his father had +loved Natsha and when dying had left her to his friend. But the father +whom the boy did not remember appeared to him a divinity who could not +be pictured, and of whom he never thought without a swelling heart and +tears of sadness and rapture. So the boy also was happy that Pierre had +arrived. + +The guests welcomed Pierre because he always helped to enliven and unite +any company he was in. + +The grown-up members of the family, not to mention his wife, were +pleased to have back a friend whose presence made life run more smoothly +and peacefully. + +The old ladies were pleased with the presents he brought them, and +especially that Natsha would now be herself again. + +Pierre felt the different outlooks of these various worlds and made +haste to satisfy all their expectations. + +Though the most absent-minded and forgetful of men, Pierre, with the aid +of a list his wife drew up, had now bought everything, not forgetting +his motherand brother-in-laws commissions, nor the dress material for +a present to Belva, nor toys for his wifes nephews. In the early days +of his marriage it had seemed strange to him that his wife should expect +him not to forget to procure all the things he undertook to buy, and he +had been taken aback by her serious annoyance when on his first trip he +forgot everything. But in time he grew used to this demand. Knowing that +Natsha asked nothing for herself, and gave him commissions for others +only when he himself had offered to undertake them, he now found an +unexpected and childlike pleasure in this purchase of presents for +everyone in the house, and never forgot anything. If he now incurred +Natshas censure it was only for buying too many and too expensive +things. To her other defects (as most people thought them, but which +to Pierre were qualities) of untidiness and neglect of herself, she now +added stinginess. + +From the time that Pierre began life as a family man on a footing +entailing heavy expenditure, he had noticed to his surprise that he +spent only half as much as before, and that his affairswhich had been +in disorder of late, chiefly because of his first wifes debtshad begun +to improve. + +Life was cheaper because it was circumscribed that most expensive +luxury, the kind of life that can be changed at any moment, was no +longer his nor did he wish for it. He felt that his way of life had now +been settled once for all till death and that to change it was not in +his power, and so that way of life proved economical. + +With a merry, smiling face Pierre was sorting his purchases. + +What do you think of this? said he, unrolling a piece of stuff like a +shopman. + +Natsha, who was sitting opposite to him with her eldest daughter on her +lap, turned her sparkling eyes swiftly from her husband to the things he +showed her. + +Thats for Belva? Excellent! She felt the quality of the material. +It was a ruble an arshin, I suppose? + +Pierre told her the price. + +Too dear! Natsha remarked. How pleased the children will be and +Mamma too! Only you need not have bought me this, she added, unable to +suppress a smile as she gazed admiringly at a gold comb set with pearls, +of a kind then just coming into fashion. + +Adle tempted me she kept on telling me to buy it, returned Pierre. + +When am I to wear it? and Natsha stuck it in her coil of hair. When +I take little Msha into society? Perhaps they will be fashionable again +by then. Well, lets go now. + +And collecting the presents they went first to the nursery and then to +the old countess rooms. + +The countess was sitting with her companion Belva, playing +grand-patience as usual, when Pierre and Natsha came into the drawing +room with parcels under their arms. + +The countess was now over sixty, was quite gray, and wore a cap with a +frill that surrounded her face. Her face had shriveled, her upper lip +had sunk in, and her eyes were dim. + +After the deaths of her son and husband in such rapid succession, she +felt herself a being accidentally forgotten in this world and left +without aim or object for her existence. She ate, drank, slept, or kept +awake, but did not live. Life gave her no new impressions. She wanted +nothing from life but tranquillity, and that tranquillity only death +could give her. But until death came she had to go on living, that is, +to use her vital forces. A peculiarity one sees in very young children +and very old people was particularly evident in her. Her life had +no external aimsonly a need to exercise her various functions and +inclinations was apparent. She had to eat, sleep, think, speak, weep, +work, give vent to her anger, and so on, merely because she had a +stomach, a brain, muscles, nerves, and a liver. She did these things not +under any external impulse as people in the full vigor of life do, +when behind the purpose for which they strive that of exercising their +functions remains unnoticed. She talked only because she physically +needed to exercise her tongue and lungs. She cried as a child does, +because her nose had to be cleared, and so on. What for people in their +full vigor is an aim was for her evidently merely a pretext. + +Thus in the morningespecially if she had eaten anything rich the day +beforeshe felt a need of being angry and would choose as the handiest +pretext Belvas deafness. + +She would begin to say something to her in a low tone from the other end +of the room. + +It seems a little warmer today, my dear, she would murmur. + +And when Belva replied Oh yes, theyve come, she would mutter +angrily O Lord! How stupid and deaf she is! + +Another pretext would be her snuff, which would seem too dry or too damp +or not rubbed fine enough. After these fits of irritability her face +would grow yellow, and her maids knew by infallible symptoms when Belva +would again be deaf, the snuff damp, and the countess face yellow. Just +as she needed to work off her spleen so she had sometimes to exercise +her still-existing faculty of thinkingand the pretext for that was a +game of patience. When she needed to cry, the deceased count would be +the pretext. When she wanted to be agitated, Nicholas and his health +would be the pretext, and when she felt a need to speak spitefully, the +pretext would be Countess Mary. When her vocal organs needed exercise, +which was usually toward seven oclock when she had had an after-dinner +rest in a darkened room, the pretext would be the retelling of the same +stories over and over again to the same audience. + +The old ladys condition was understood by the whole household though no +one ever spoke of it, and they all made every possible effort to satisfy +her needs. Only by a rare glance exchanged with a sad smile +between Nicholas, Pierre, Natsha, and Countess Mary was the common +understanding of her condition expressed. + +But those glances expressed something more they said that she had +played her part in life, that what they now saw was not her whole self, +that we must all become like her, and that they were glad to yield to +her, to restrain themselves for this once precious being formerly as +full of life as themselves, but now so much to be pitied. Memento +mori, said these glances. + +Only the really heartless, the stupid ones of that household, and the +little children failed to understand this and avoided her. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +When Pierre and his wife entered the drawing room the countess was in +one of her customary states in which she needed the mental exertion of +playing patience, and sothough by force of habit she greeted him with +the words she always used when Pierre or her son returned after an +absence High time, my dear, high time! We were all weary of waiting +for you. Well, thank God! and received her presents with another +customary remark Its not the gift thats precious, my dear, but that +you give it to me, an old woman...yet it was evident that she was +not pleased by Pierres arrival at that moment when it diverted her +attention from the unfinished game. + +She finished her game of patience and only then examined the presents. +They consisted of a box for cards, of splendid workmanship, a +bright-blue Svres tea cup with shepherdesses depicted on it and with +a lid, and a gold snuffbox with the counts portrait on the lid which +Pierre had had done by a miniaturist in Petersburg. The countess had +long wished for such a box, but as she did not want to cry just then she +glanced indifferently at the portrait and gave her attention chiefly to +the box for cards. + +Thank you, my dear, you have cheered me up, said she as she always +did. But best of all you have brought yourself backfor I never saw +anything like it, you ought to give your wife a scolding! What are we +to do with her? She is like a mad woman when you are away. Doesnt see +anything, doesnt remember anything, she went on, repeating her usual +phrases. Look, Anna Timofevna, she added to her companion, see what +a box for cards my son has brought us! + +Belva admired the presents and was delighted with her dress material. + +Though Pierre, Natsha, Nicholas, Countess Mary, and Densov had much to +talk about that they could not discuss before the old countessnot +that anything was hidden from her, but because she had dropped so +far behindhand in many things that had they begun to converse in her +presence they would have had to answer inopportune questions and to +repeat what they had already told her many times that so-and-so was +dead and so-and-so was married, which she would again be unable to +rememberyet they sat at tea round the samovar in the drawing room from +habit, and Pierre answered the countess questions as to whether Prince +Vasli had aged and whether Countess Mary Alexevna had sent greetings +and still thought of them, and other matters that interested no one and +to which she herself was indifferent. + +Conversation of this kind, interesting to no one yet unavoidable, +continued all through teatime. All the grown-up members of the family +were assembled near the round tea table at which Snya presided beside +the samovar. The children with their tutors and governesses had had +tea and their voices were audible from the next room. At tea all sat +in their accustomed places Nicholas beside the stove at a small table +where his tea was handed to him Mlka, the old gray borzoi bitch +(daughter of the first Mlka), with a quite gray face and large black +eyes that seemed more prominent than ever, lay on the armchair beside +him Densov, whose curly hair, mustache, and whiskers had turned half +gray, sat beside countess Mary with his generals tunic unbuttoned +Pierre sat between his wife and the old countess. He spoke of what he +knew might interest the old lady and that she could understand. He +told her of external social events and of the people who had formed +the circle of her contemporaries and had once been a real, living, and +distinct group, but who were now for the most part scattered about the +world and like herself were garnering the last ears of the harvests they +had sown in earlier years. But to the old countess those contemporaries +of hers seemed to be the only serious and real society. Natsha saw by +Pierres animation that his visit had been interesting and that he had +much to tell them but dare not say it before the old countess. Densov, +not being a member of the family, did not understand Pierres caution +and being, as a malcontent, much interested in what was occurring in +Petersburg, kept urging Pierre to tell them about what had happened in +the Semnovsk regiment, then about Arakchev, and then about the Bible +Society. Once or twice Pierre was carried away and began to speak of +these things, but Nicholas and Natsha always brought him back to the +health of Prince Ivn and Countess Mary Alexevna. + +Well, and all this idiocyGossner and Tatwinova? Densov asked. Is +that weally still going on? + +Going on? Pierre exclaimed. Why more than ever! The Bible Society is +the whole government now! + +What is that, mon cher ami? asked the countess, who had finished her +tea and evidently needed a pretext for being angry after her meal. What +are you saying about the government? I dont understand. + +Well, you know, Maman, Nicholas interposed, knowing how to translate +things into his mothers language, Prince Alexander Goltsyn has +founded a society and in consequence has great influence, they say. + +Arakchev and Goltsyn, incautiously remarked Pierre, are now the +whole government! And what a government! They see treason everywhere and +are afraid of everything. + +Well, and how is Prince Alexander to blame? He is a most estimable +man. I used to meet him at Mary Antnovnas, said the countess in an +offended tone and still more offended that they all remained silent, +she went on Nowadays everyone finds fault. A Gospel Society! Well, and +what harm is there in that? and she rose (everybody else got up too) +and with a severe expression sailed back to her table in the sitting +room. + +The melancholy silence that followed was broken by the sounds of the +childrens voices and laughter from the next room. Evidently some jolly +excitement was going on there. + +Finished, finished! little Natshas gleeful yell rose above them all. + +Pierre exchanged glances with Countess Mary and Nicholas (Natsha he +never lost sight of) and smiled happily. + +Thats delightful music! said he. + +It means that Anna Makrovna has finished her stocking, said Countess +Mary. + +Oh, Ill go and see, said Pierre, jumping up. You know, he added, +stopping at the door, why Im especially fond of that music? It is +always the first thing that tells me all is well. When I was driving +here today, the nearer I got to the house the more anxious I grew. As I +entered the anteroom I heard Andrshas peals of laughter and that meant +that all was well. + +I know! I know that feeling, said Nicholas. But I mustnt go +therethose stockings are to be a surprise for me. + +Pierre went to the children, and the shouting and laughter grew still +louder. + +Come, Anna Makrovna, Pierres voice was heard saying, come here into +the middle of the room and at the word of command, One, two, and +when I say three... You stand here, and you in my armswell now! One, +two!... said Pierre, and a silence followed three! and a rapturously +breathless cry of childrens voices filled the room. Two, two! they +shouted. + +This meant two stockings, which by a secret process known only to +herself Anna Makrovna used to knit at the same time on the same +needles, and which, when they were ready, she always triumphantly drew, +one out of the other, in the childrens presence. + + + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Soon after this the children came in to say good night. They kissed +everyone, the tutors and governesses made their bows, and they went out. +Only young Nicholas and his tutor remained. Dessalles whispered to the +boy to come downstairs. + +No, Monsieur Dessalles, I will ask my aunt to let me stay, replied +Nicholas Bolknski also in a whisper. + +Ma tante, please let me stay, said he, going up to his aunt. + +His face expressed entreaty, agitation, and ecstasy. Countess Mary +glanced at him and turned to Pierre. + +When you are here he cant tear himself away, she said. + +I will bring him to you directly, Monsieur Dessalles. Good night! +said Pierre, giving his hand to the Swiss tutor, and he turned to young +Nicholas with a smile. You and I havent seen anything of one another +yet.... How like he is growing, Mary! he added, addressing Countess +Mary. + +Like my father? asked the boy, flushing crimson and looking up at +Pierre with bright, ecstatic eyes. + +Pierre nodded, and went on with what he had been saying when the +children had interrupted. Countess Mary sat down doing woolwork Natsha +did not take her eyes off her husband. Nicholas and Densov rose, asked +for their pipes, smoked, went to fetch more tea from Snyawho sat weary +but resolute at the samovarand questioned Pierre. The curly-headed, +delicate boy sat with shining eyes unnoticed in a corner, starting +every now and then and muttering something to himself, and evidently +experiencing a new and powerful emotion as he turned his curly head, +with his thin neck exposed by his turn-down collar, toward the place +where Pierre sat. + +The conversation turned on the contemporary gossip about those in power, +in which most people see the chief interest of home politics. Densov, +dissatisfied with the government on account of his own disappointments +in the service, heard with pleasure of the things done in Petersburg +which seemed to him stupid, and made forcible and sharp comments on what +Pierre told them. + +One used to have to be a Germannow one must dance with Tatwinova +and Madame Kwdener, and wead Eckatshausen and the bwethwen. Oh, they +should let that fine fellow Bonaparte loosehed knock all this nonsense +out of them! Fancy giving the command of the Semnov wegiment to a +fellow like that Schwatz! he cried. + +Nicholas, though free from Densovs readiness to find fault with +everything, also thought that discussion of the government was a very +serious and weighty matter, and the fact that A had been appointed +Minister of This and B Governor General of That, and that the Emperor +had said so-and-so and this minister so-and-so, seemed to him very +important. And so he thought it necessary to take an interest in these +things and to question Pierre. The questions put by these two kept the +conversation from changing its ordinary character of gossip about the +higher government circles. + +But Natsha, knowing all her husbands ways and ideas, saw that he had +long been wishing but had been unable to divert the conversation to +another channel and express his own deeply felt idea for the sake of +which he had gone to Petersburg to consult with his new friend Prince +Theodore, and she helped him by asking how his affairs with Prince +Theodore had gone. + +What was it about? asked Nicholas. + +Always the same thing, said Pierre, looking round at his listeners. +Everybody sees that things are going so badly that they cannot be +allowed to go on so and that it is the duty of all decent men to +counteract it as far as they can. + +What can decent men do? Nicholas inquired, frowning slightly. What +can be done? + +Why, this... + +Come into my study, said Nicholas. + +Natsha, who had long expected to be fetched to nurse her baby, now +heard the nurse calling her and went to the nursery. Countess Mary +followed her. The men went into the study and little Nicholas Bolknski +followed them unnoticed by his uncle and sat down at the writing table +in a shady corner by the window. + +Well, what would you do? asked Densov. + +Always some fantastic schemes, said Nicholas. + +Why this, began Pierre, not sitting down but pacing the room, +sometimes stopping short, gesticulating, and lisping the position +in Petersburg is this the Emperor does not look into anything. He +has abandoned himself altogether to this mysticism (Pierre could not +tolerate mysticism in anyone now). He seeks only for peace, and only +these people sans foi ni loi * can give it himpeople who recklessly +hack at and strangle everythingMagntski, Arakchev, and tutti +quanti.... You will agree that if you did not look after your estates +yourself but only wanted a quiet life, the harsher your steward was the +more readily your object might be attained, he said to Nicholas. + + * Without faith or law. + +Well, what does that lead up to? said Nicholas. + +Well, everything is going to ruin! Robbery in the law courts, in the +army nothing but flogging, drilling, and Military Settlements the +people are tortured, enlightenment is suppressed. All that is young and +honest is crushed! Everyone sees that this cannot go on. Everything is +strained to such a degree that it will certainly break, said Pierre (as +those who examine the actions of any government have always said since +governments began). I told them just one thing in Petersburg. + +Told whom? + +Well, you know whom, said Pierre, with a meaning glance from under +his brows. Prince Theodore and all those. To encourage culture and +philanthropy is all very well of course. The aim is excellent but in the +present circumstances something else is needed. + +At that moment Nicholas noticed the presence of his nephew. His face +darkened and he went up to the boy. + +Why are you here? + +Why? Let him be, said Pierre, taking Nicholas by the arm and +continuing. That is not enough, I told them. Something else is needed. +When you stand expecting the overstrained string to snap at any moment, +when everyone is expecting the inevitable catastrophe, as many as +possible must join hands as closely as they can to withstand the general +calamity. Everything that is young and strong is being enticed away and +depraved. One is lured by women, another by honors, a third by ambition +or money, and they go over to that camp. No independent men, such as you +or I, are left. What I say is widen the scope of our society, let the +mot dordre be not virtue alone but independence and action as well! + +Nicholas, who had left his nephew, irritably pushed up an armchair, sat +down in it, and listened to Pierre, coughing discontentedly and frowning +more and more. + +But action with what aim? he cried. And what position will you adopt +toward the government? + +Why, the position of assistants. The society need not be secret if the +government allows it. Not merely is it not hostile to government, but +it is a society of true conservativesa society of gentlemen in the full +meaning of that word. It is only to prevent some Pugachv or other from +killing my children and yours, and Arakchev from sending me off to some +Military Settlement. We join hands only for the public welfare and the +general safety. + +Yes, but its a secret society and therefore a hostile and harmful one +which can only cause harm. + +Why? Did the Tugendbund which saved Europe (they did not then venture +to suggest that Russia had saved Europe) do any harm? The Tugendbund +is an alliance of virtue it is love, mutual help... it is what Christ +preached on the Cross. + +Natsha, who had come in during the conversation, looked joyfully at +her husband. It was not what he was saying that pleased herthat did not +even interest her, for it seemed to her that was all extremely simple +and that she had known it a long time (it seemed so to her because she +knew that it sprang from Pierres whole soul), but it was his animated +and enthusiastic appearance that made her glad. + +The boy with the thin neck stretching out from the turn-down collarwhom +everyone had forgottengazed at Pierre with even greater and more +rapturous joy. Every word of Pierres burned into his heart, and with a +nervous movement of his fingers he unconsciously broke the sealing wax +and quill pens his hands came upon on his uncles table. + +It is not at all what you suppose but that is what the German +Tugendbund was, and what I am proposing. + +No, my fwiend! The Tugendbund is all vewy well for the sausage eaters, +but I dont understand it and cant even pwonounce it, interposed +Densov in a loud and resolute voice. I agwee that evewything here is +wotten and howwible, but the Tugendbund I dont understand. If were +not satisfied, let us have a bunt of our own. Thats all wight. Je suis +vote homme! * + + * Im your man. + + +Pierre smiled, Natsha began to laugh, but Nicholas knitted his brows +still more and began proving to Pierre that there was no prospect of +any great change and that all the danger he spoke of existed only in his +imagination. Pierre maintained the contrary, and as his mental faculties +were greater and more resourceful, Nicholas felt himself cornered. This +made him still angrier, for he was fully convinced, not by reasoning +but by something within him stronger than reason, of the justice of his +opinion. + +I will tell you this, he said, rising and trying with nervously +twitching fingers to prop up his pipe in a corner, but finally +abandoning the attempt. I cant prove it to you. You say that +everything here is rotten and that an overthrow is coming I dont +see it. But you also say that our oath of allegiance is a conditional +matter, and to that I reply You are my best friend, as you know, +but if you formed a secret society and began working against the +governmentbe it what it mayI know it is my duty to obey the +government. And if Arakchev ordered me to lead a squadron against you +and cut you down, I should not hesitate an instant, but should do it. +And you may argue about that as you like! + +An awkward silence followed these words. Natsha was the first to speak, +defending her husband and attacking her brother. Her defense was weak +and inapt but she attained her object. The conversation was resumed, and +no longer in the unpleasantly hostile tone of Nicholas last remark. + +When they all got up to go in to supper, little Nicholas Bolknski went +up to Pierre, pale and with shining, radiant eyes. + +Uncle Pierre, you... no... If Papa were alive... would he agree with +you? he asked. + +And Pierre suddenly realized what a special, independent, complex, and +powerful process of thought and feeling must have been going on in +this boy during that conversation, and remembering all he had said he +regretted that the lad should have heard him. He had, however, to give +him an answer. + +Yes, I think so, he said reluctantly, and left the study. + +The lad looked down and seemed now for the first time to notice what he +had done to the things on the table. He flushed and went up to Nicholas. + +Uncle, forgive me, I did that... unintentionally, he said, pointing to +the broken sealing wax and pens. + +Nicholas started angrily. + +All right, all right, he said, throwing the bits under the table. + +And evidently suppressing his vexation with difficulty, he turned away +from the boy. + +You ought not to have been here at all, he said. + + + + + +CHAPTER XV + +The conversation at supper was not about politics or societies, but +turned on the subject Nicholas liked bestrecollections of 1812. Densov +started these and Pierre was particularly agreeable and amusing about +them. The family separated on the most friendly terms. + +After supper Nicholas, having undressed in his study and given +instructions to the steward who had been waiting for him, went to the +bedroom in his dressing gown, where he found his wife still at her +table, writing. + +What are you writing, Mary? Nicholas asked. + +Countess Mary blushed. She was afraid that what she was writing would +not be understood or approved by her husband. + +She had wanted to conceal what she was writing from him, but at the same +time was glad he had surprised her at it and that she would now have to +tell him. + +A diary, Nicholas, she replied, handing him a blue exercise book +filled with her firm, bold writing. + +A diary? Nicholas repeated with a shade of irony, and he took up the +book. + +It was in French. + + +December 4. Today when Andrsha (her eldest boy) woke up he did not +wish to dress and Mademoiselle Louise sent for me. He was naughty and +obstinate. I tried threats, but he only grew angrier. Then I took the +matter in hand I left him alone and began with nurses help to get the +other children up, telling him that I did not love him. For a long time +he was silent, as if astonished, then he jumped out of bed, ran to me in +his shirt, and sobbed so that I could not calm him for a long time. +It was plain that what troubled him most was that he had grieved me. +Afterwards in the evening when I gave him his ticket, he again began +crying piteously and kissing me. One can do anything with him by +tenderness. + + +What is a ticket? Nicholas inquired. + +I have begun giving the elder ones marks every evening, showing how +they have behaved. + +Nicholas looked into the radiant eyes that were gazing at him, and +continued to turn over the pages and read. In the diary was set down +everything in the childrens lives that seemed noteworthy to their +mother as showing their characters or suggesting general reflections +on educational methods. They were for the most part quite insignificant +trifles, but did not seem so to the mother or to the father either, now +that he read this diary about his children for the first time. + +Under the date 5 was entered + + +Mtya was naughty at table. Papa said he was to have no pudding. He had +none, but looked so unhappily and greedily at the others while they were +eating! I think that punishment by depriving children of sweets only +develops their greediness. Must tell Nicholas this. + +Nicholas put down the book and looked at his wife. The radiant eyes +gazed at him questioningly would he approve or disapprove of her +diary? There could be no doubt not only of his approval but also of his +admiration for his wife. + +Perhaps it need not be done so pedantically, thought Nicholas, or even +done at all, but this untiring, continual spiritual effort of which the +sole aim was the childrens moral welfare delighted him. Had Nicholas +been able to analyze his feelings he would have found that his steady, +tender, and proud love of his wife rested on his feeling of wonder at +her spirituality and at the lofty moral world, almost beyond his reach, +in which she had her being. + +He was proud of her intelligence and goodness, recognized his own +insignificance beside her in the spiritual world, and rejoiced all the +more that she with such a soul not only belonged to him but was part of +himself. + +I quite, quite approve, my dearest! said he with a significant look, +and after a short pause he added And I behaved badly today. You +werent in the study. We began disputingPierre and Iand I lost my +temper. But he is impossible such a child! I dont know what would +become of him if Natsha didnt keep him in hand.... Have you any idea +why he went to Petersburg? They have formed... + +Yes, I know, said Countess Mary. Natsha told me. + +Well, then, you know, Nicholas went on, growing hot at the mere +recollection of their discussion, he wanted to convince me that it is +every honest mans duty to go against the government, and that the oath +of allegiance and duty... I am sorry you werent there. They all fell on +meDensov and Natsha... Natsha is absurd. How she rules over him! And +yet there need only be a discussion and she has no words of her own +but only repeats his sayings... added Nicholas, yielding to that +irresistible inclination which tempts us to judge those nearest and +dearest to us. He forgot that what he was saying about Natsha could +have been applied word for word to himself in relation to his wife. + +Yes, I have noticed that, said Countess Mary. + +When I told him that duty and the oath were above everything, he +started proving goodness knows what! A pity you were not therewhat +would you have said? + +As I see it you were quite right, and I told Natsha so. Pierre says +everybody is suffering, tortured, and being corrupted, and that it +is our duty to help our neighbor. Of course he is right there, said +Countess Mary, but he forgets that we have other duties nearer to us, +duties indicated to us by God Himself, and that though we might expose +ourselves to risks we must not risk our children. + +Yes, thats it! Thats just what I said to him, put in Nicholas, who +fancied he really had said it. But they insisted on their own view +love of ones neighbor and Christianityand all this in the presence of +young Nicholas, who had gone into my study and broke all my things. + +Ah, Nicholas, do you know I am often troubled about little Nicholas, +said Countess Mary. He is such an exceptional boy. I am afraid I +neglect him in favor of my own we all have children and relations while +he has no one. He is constantly alone with his thoughts. + +Well, I dont think you need reproach yourself on his account. All that +the fondest mother could do for her son you have done and are doing for +him, and of course I am glad of it. He is a fine lad, a fine lad! This +evening he listened to Pierre in a sort of trance, and fancyas we were +going in to supper I looked and he had broken everything on my table to +bits, and he told me of it himself at once! I never knew him to tell an +untruth. A fine lad, a fine lad! repeated Nicholas, who at heart was +not fond of Nicholas Bolknski but was always anxious to recognize that +he was a fine lad. + +Still, I am not the same as his own mother, said Countess Mary. I +feel I am not the same and it troubles me. A wonderful boy, but I am +dreadfully afraid for him. It would be good for him to have companions. + +Well it wont be for long. Next summer Ill take him to Petersburg, +said Nicholas. Yes, Pierre always was a dreamer and always will be, +he continued, returning to the talk in the study which had evidently +disturbed him. Well, what business is it of mine what goes on +therewhether Arakchev is bad, and all that? What business was it of +mine when I married and was so deep in debt that I was threatened with +prison, and had a mother who could not see or understand it? And +then there are you and the children and our affairs. Is it for my own +pleasure that I am at the farm or in the office from morning to night? +No, but I know I must work to comfort my mother, to repay you, and not +to leave the children such beggars as I was. + +Countess Mary wanted to tell him that man does not live by bread alone +and that he attached too much importance to these matters. But she knew +she must not say this and that it would be useless to do so. She only +took his hand and kissed it. He took this as a sign of approval and +a confirmation of his thoughts, and after a few minutes reflection +continued to think aloud. + +You know, Mary, today Elias Mitrofnych (this was his overseer) came +back from the Tambv estate and told me they are already offering eighty +thousand rubles for the forest. + +And with an eager face Nicholas began to speak of the possibility of +repurchasing Otrdnoe before long, and added Another ten years of life +and I shall leave the children... in an excellent position. + +Countess Mary listened to her husband and understood all that he told +her. She knew that when he thought aloud in this way he would sometimes +ask her what he had been saying, and be vexed if he noticed that she +had been thinking about something else. But she had to force herself to +attend, for what he was saying did not interest her at all. She looked +at him and did not think, but felt, about something different. She felt +a submissive tender love for this man who would never understand all +that she understood, and this seemed to make her love for him still +stronger and added a touch of passionate tenderness. Besides this +feeling which absorbed her altogether and hindered her from following +the details of her husbands plans, thoughts that had no connection with +what he was saying flitted through her mind. She thought of her nephew. +Her husbands account of the boys agitation while Pierre was speaking +struck her forcibly, and various traits of his gentle, sensitive +character recurred to her mind and while thinking of her nephew she +thought also of her own children. She did not compare them with him, but +compared her feeling for them with her feeling for him, and felt +with regret that there was something lacking in her feeling for young +Nicholas. + +Sometimes it seemed to her that this difference arose from the +difference in their ages, but she felt herself to blame toward him and +promised in her heart to do better and to accomplish the impossiblein +this life to love her husband, her children, little Nicholas, and all +her neighbors, as Christ loved mankind. Countess Marys soul always +strove toward the infinite, the eternal, and the absolute, and could +therefore never be at peace. A stern expression of the lofty, secret +suffering of a soul burdened by the body appeared on her face. Nicholas +gazed at her. O God! What will become of us if she dies, as I always +fear when her face is like that? thought he, and placing himself before +the icon he began to say his evening prayers. + + + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Natsha and Pierre, left alone, also began to talk as only a husband +and wife can talk, that is, with extraordinary clearness and rapidity, +understanding and expressing each others thoughts in ways contrary to +all rules of logic, without premises, deductions, or conclusions, and in +a quite peculiar way. Natsha was so used to this kind of talk with her +husband that for her it was the surest sign of something being wrong +between them if Pierre followed a line of logical reasoning. When he +began proving anything, or talking argumentatively and calmly and she, +led on by his example, began to do the same, she knew that they were on +the verge of a quarrel. + +From the moment they were alone and Natsha came up to him with +wide-open happy eyes, and quickly seizing his head pressed it to her +bosom, saying Now you are all mine, mine! You wont escape!from that +moment this conversation began, contrary to all the laws of logic and +contrary to them because quite different subjects were talked about at +one and the same time. This simultaneous discussion of many topics did +not prevent a clear understanding but on the contrary was the surest +sign that they fully understood one another. + +Just as in a dream when all is uncertain, unreasoning, and +contradictory, except the feeling that guides the dream, so in this +intercourse contrary to all laws of reason, the words themselves were +not consecutive and clear but only the feeling that prompted them. + +Natsha spoke to Pierre about her brothers life and doings, of how she +had suffered and lacked life during his own absence, and of how she +was fonder than ever of Mary, and how Mary was in every way better than +herself. In saying this Natsha was sincere in acknowledging Marys +superiority, but at the same time by saying it she made a demand on +Pierre that he should, all the same, prefer her to Mary and to all +other women, and that now, especially after having seen many women in +Petersburg, he should tell her so afresh. + +Pierre, answering Natshas words, told her how intolerable it had been +for him to meet ladies at dinners and balls in Petersburg. + +I have quite lost the knack of talking to ladies, he said. It was +simply dull. Besides, I was very busy. + +Natsha looked intently at him and went on + +Mary is so splendid, she said. How she understands children! It is as +if she saw straight into their souls. Yesterday, for instance, Mtya was +naughty... + +How like his father he is, Pierre interjected. + +Natsha knew why he mentioned Mtyas likeness to Nicholas the +recollection of his dispute with his brother-in-law was unpleasant and +he wanted to know what Natsha thought of it. + +Nicholas has the weakness of never agreeing with anything not generally +accepted. But I understand that you value what opens up a fresh line, +said she, repeating words Pierre had once uttered. + +No, the chief point is that to Nicholas ideas and discussions are +an amusementalmost a pastime, said Pierre. For instance, he is +collecting a library and has made it a rule not to buy a new book +till he has read what he had already boughtSismondi and Rousseau and +Montesquieu, he added with a smile. You know how much I... he began +to soften down what he had said but Natsha interrupted him to show +that this was unnecessary. + +So you say ideas are an amusement to him.... + +Yes, and for me nothing else is serious. All the time in Petersburg I +saw everyone as in a dream. When I am taken up by a thought, all else is +mere amusement. + +Ah, Im so sorry I wasnt there when you met the children, said +Natsha. Which was most delighted? Lisa, Im sure. + +Yes, Pierre replied, and went on with what was in his mind. Nicholas +says we ought not to think. But I cant help it. Besides, when I was in +Petersburg I felt (I can say this to you) that the whole affair would go +to pieces without meeveryone was pulling his own way. But I succeeded +in uniting them all and then my idea is so clear and simple. You see, +I dont say that we ought to oppose this and that. We may be mistaken. +What I say is Join hands, you who love the right, and let there be but +one bannerthat of active virtue. Prince Sergy is a fine fellow and +clever. + +Natsha would have had no doubt as to the greatness of Pierres idea, +but one thing disconcerted her. Can a man so important and necessary to +society be also my husband? How did this happen? She wished to express +this doubt to him. Now who could decide whether he is really cleverer +than all the others? she asked herself, and passed in review all those +whom Pierre most respected. Judging by what he had said there was no one +he had respected so highly as Platn Karatev. + +Do you know what I am thinking about? she asked. About Platn +Karatev. Would he have approved of you now, do you think? + +Pierre was not at all surprised at this question. He understood his +wifes line of thought. + +Platn Karatev? he repeated, and pondered, evidently sincerely +trying to imagine Karatevs opinion on the subject. He would not have +understood... yet perhaps he would. + +I love you awfully! Natsha suddenly said. Awfully, awfully! + +No, he would not have approved, said Pierre, after reflection. What +he would have approved of is our family life. He was always so anxious +to find seemliness, happiness, and peace in everything, and I should +have been proud to let him see us. There nowyou talk of my absence, +but you wouldnt believe what a special feeling I have for you after a +separation.... + +Yes, I should think... Natsha began. + +No, its not that. I never leave off loving you. And one couldnt love +more, but this is something special.... Yes, of course he did not +finish because their eyes meeting said the rest. + +What nonsense it is, Natsha suddenly exclaimed, about honeymoons, +and that the greatest happiness is at first! On the contrary, now is +the best of all. If only you did not go away! Do you remember how +we quarreled? And it was always my fault. Always mine. And what we +quarreled aboutI dont even remember! + +Always about the same thing, said Pierre with a smile. Jealo... + +Dont say it! I cant bear it! Natsha cried, and her eyes glittered +coldly and vindictively. Did you see her? she added, after a pause. + +No, and if I had I shouldnt have recognized her. + +They were silent for a while. + +Oh, do you know? While you were talking in the study I was looking at +you, Natsha began, evidently anxious to disperse the cloud that had +come over them. You are as like him as two peaslike the boy. (She +meant her little son.) Oh, its time to go to him.... The milks +come.... But Im sorry to leave you. + +They were silent for a few seconds. Then suddenly turning to one +another at the same time they both began to speak. Pierre began with +self-satisfaction and enthusiasm, Natsha with a quiet, happy smile. +Having interrupted one another they both stopped to let the other +continue. + +No. What did you say? Go on, go on. + +No, you go on, I was talking nonsense, said Natsha. + +Pierre finished what he had begun. It was the sequel to his complacent +reflections on his success in Petersburg. At that moment it seemed to +him that he was chosen to give a new direction to the whole of Russian +society and to the whole world. + +I only wished to say that ideas that have great results are always +simple ones. My whole idea is that if vicious people are united and +constitute a power, then honest folk must do the same. Now thats simple +enough. + +Yes. + +And what were you going to say? + +I? Only nonsense. + +But all the same? + +Oh nothing, only a trifle, said Natsha, smiling still more brightly. +I only wanted to tell you about Ptya today nurse was coming to take +him from me, and he laughed, shut his eyes, and clung to me. Im sure +he thought he was hiding. Awfully sweet! There, now hes crying. Well, +good-by! and she left the room. + + +Meanwhile downstairs in young Nicholas Bolknskis bedroom a little lamp +was burning as usual. (The boy was afraid of the dark and they could +not cure him of it.) Dessalles slept propped up on four pillows and his +Roman nose emitted sounds of rhythmic snoring. Little Nicholas, who had +just waked up in a cold perspiration, sat up in bed and gazed before him +with wide-open eyes. He had awaked from a terrible dream. He had dreamed +that he and Uncle Pierre, wearing helmets such as were depicted in +his Plutarch, were leading a huge army. The army was made up of white +slanting lines that filled the air like the cobwebs that float about in +autumn and which Dessalles called les fils de la Virge. In front was +Glory, which was similar to those threads but rather thicker. He and +Pierre were borne along lightly and joyously, nearer and nearer to their +goal. Suddenly the threads that moved them began to slacken and become +entangled and it grew difficult to move. And Uncle Nicholas stood before +them in a stern and threatening attitude. + +Have you done this? he said, pointing to some broken sealing wax and +pens. I loved you, but I have orders from Arakchev and will kill +the first of you who moves forward. Little Nicholas turned to look +at Pierre but Pierre was no longer there. In his place was his +fatherPrince Andrewand his father had neither shape nor form, but he +existed, and when little Nicholas perceived him he grew faint with love +he felt himself powerless, limp, and formless. His father caressed and +pitied him. But Uncle Nicholas came nearer and nearer to them. Terror +seized young Nicholas and he awoke. + +My father! he thought. (Though there were two good portraits of Prince +Andrew in the house, Nicholas never imagined him in human form.) My +father has been with me and caressed me. He approved of me and of Uncle +Pierre. Whatever he may tell me, I will do it. Mucius Scaevola burned +his hand. Why should not the same sort of thing happen to me? I know +they want me to learn. And I will learn. But someday I shall have +finished learning, and then I will do something. I only pray God that +something may happen to me such as happened to Plutarchs men, and I +will act as they did. I will do better. Everyone shall know me, love me, +and be delighted with me! And suddenly his bosom heaved with sobs and +he began to cry. + +Are you ill? he heard Dessalles voice asking. + +No, answered Nicholas, and lay back on his pillow. + +He is good and kind and I am fond of him! he thought of Dessalles. +But Uncle Pierre! Oh, what a wonderful man he is! And my father? Oh, +Father, Father! Yes, I will do something with which even he would be +satisfied.... + + + + + +SECOND EPILOGUE + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +History is the life of nations and of humanity. To seize and put into +words, to describe directly the life of humanity or even of a single +nation, appears impossible. + +The ancient historians all employed one and the same method to describe +and seize the apparently elusivethe life of a people. They described +the activity of individuals who ruled the people, and regarded the +activity of those men as representing the activity of the whole nation. + +The question how did individuals make nations act as they wished and by +what was the will of these individuals themselves guided? the ancients +met by recognizing a divinity which subjected the nations to the will of +a chosen man, and guided the will of that chosen man so as to accomplish +ends that were predestined. + +For the ancients these questions were solved by a belief in the direct +participation of the Deity in human affairs. + +Modern history, in theory, rejects both these principles. + +It would seem that having rejected the belief of the ancients in mans +subjection to the Deity and in a predetermined aim toward which nations +are led, modern history should study not the manifestations of power but +the causes that produce it. But modern history has not done this. Having +in theory rejected the view held by the ancients, it still follows them +in practice. + +Instead of men endowed with divine authority and directly guided by +the will of God, modern history has given us either heroes endowed with +extraordinary, superhuman capacities, or simply men of very various +kinds, from monarchs to journalists, who lead the masses. Instead of the +former divinely appointed aims of the Jewish, Greek, or Roman nations, +which ancient historians regarded as representing the progress of +humanity, modern history has postulated its own aimsthe welfare of the +French, German, or English people, or, in its highest abstraction, the +welfare and civilization of humanity in general, by which is usually +meant that of the peoples occupying a small northwesterly portion of a +large continent. + +Modern history has rejected the beliefs of the ancients without +replacing them by a new conception, and the logic of the situation has +obliged the historians, after they had apparently rejected the divine +authority of the kings and the fate of the ancients, to reach the same +conclusion by another road, that is, to recognize (1) nations guided +by individual men, and (2) the existence of a known aim to which these +nations and humanity at large are tending. + +At the basis of the works of all the modern historians from Gibbon to +Buckle, despite their seeming disagreements and the apparent novelty of +their outlooks, lie those two old, unavoidable assumptions. + +In the first place the historian describes the activity of individuals +who in his opinion have directed humanity (one historian considers +only monarchs, generals, and ministers as being such men, while another +includes also orators, learned men, reformers, philosophers, and poets). +Secondly, it is assumed that the goal toward which humanity is being led +is known to the historians to one of them this goal is the greatness of +the Roman, Spanish, or French realm to another it is liberty, equality, +and a certain kind of civilization of a small corner of the world called +Europe. + +In 1789 a ferment arises in Paris it grows, spreads, and is expressed +by a movement of peoples from west to east. Several times it moves +eastward and collides with a countermovement from the east westward. +In 1812 it reaches its extreme limit, Moscow, and then, with remarkable +symmetry, a countermovement occurs from east to west, attracting to +it, as the first movement had done, the nations of middle Europe. The +counter movement reaches the starting point of the first movement in the +westParisand subsides. + +During that twenty-year period an immense number of fields were left +untilled, houses were burned, trade changed its direction, millions +of men migrated, were impoverished, or were enriched, and millions +of Christian men professing the law of love of their fellows slew one +another. + +What does all this mean? Why did it happen? What made those people burn +houses and slay their fellow men? What were the causes of these events? +What force made men act so? These are the instinctive, plain, and +most legitimate questions humanity asks itself when it encounters the +monuments and tradition of that period. + +For a reply to these questions the common sense of mankind turns to the +science of history, whose aim is to enable nations and humanity to know +themselves. + +If history had retained the conception of the ancients it would have +said that God, to reward or punish his people, gave Napoleon power and +directed his will to the fulfillment of the divine ends, and that reply +would have been clear and complete. One might believe or disbelieve +in the divine significance of Napoleon, but for anyone believing in +it there would have been nothing unintelligible in the history of that +period, nor would there have been any contradictions. + +But modern history cannot give that reply. Science does not admit the +conception of the ancients as to the direct participation of the Deity +in human affairs, and therefore history ought to give other answers. + +Modern history replying to these questions says you want to know what +this movement means, what caused it, and what force produced these +events? Then listen + +Louis XIV was a very proud and self-confident man he had such and such +mistresses and such and such ministers and he ruled France badly. His +descendants were weak men and they too ruled France badly. And they had +such and such favorites and such and such mistresses. Moreover, certain +men wrote some books at that time. At the end of the eighteenth century +there were a couple of dozen men in Paris who began to talk about all +men being free and equal. This caused people all over France to begin +to slash at and drown one another. They killed the king and many other +people. At that time there was in France a man of geniusNapoleon. He +conquered everybody everywherethat is, he killed many people because +he was a great genius. And for some reason he went to kill Africans, and +killed them so well and was so cunning and wise that when he returned to +France he ordered everybody to obey him, and they all obeyed him. Having +become an Emperor he again went out to kill people in Italy, Austria, +and Prussia. And there too he killed a great many. In Russia there +was an Emperor, Alexander, who decided to restore order in Europe and +therefore fought against Napoleon. In 1807 he suddenly made friends +with him, but in 1811 they again quarreled and again began killing many +people. Napoleon led six hundred thousand men into Russia and captured +Moscow then he suddenly ran away from Moscow, and the Emperor +Alexander, helped by the advice of Stein and others, united Europe to +arm against the disturber of its peace. All Napoleons allies suddenly +became his enemies and their forces advanced against the fresh forces he +raised. The Allies defeated Napoleon, entered Paris, forced Napoleon to +abdicate, and sent him to the island of Elba, not depriving him of the +title of Emperor and showing him every respect, though five years before +and one year later they all regarded him as an outlaw and a brigand. +Then Louis XVIII, who till then had been the laughingstock both of the +French and the Allies, began to reign. And Napoleon, shedding tears +before his Old Guards, renounced the throne and went into exile. Then +the skillful statesmen and diplomatists (especially Talleyrand, who +managed to sit down in a particular chair before anyone else and +thereby extended the frontiers of France) talked in Vienna and by +these conversations made the nations happy or unhappy. Suddenly the +diplomatists and monarchs nearly quarreled and were on the point of +again ordering their armies to kill one another, but just then Napoleon +arrived in France with a battalion, and the French, who had been hating +him, immediately all submitted to him. But the Allied monarchs were +angry at this and went to fight the French once more. And they defeated +the genius Napoleon and, suddenly recognizing him as a brigand, sent him +to the island of St. Helena. And the exile, separated from the beloved +France so dear to his heart, died a lingering death on that rock and +bequeathed his great deeds to posterity. But in Europe a reaction +occurred and the sovereigns once again all began to oppress their +subjects. + +It would be a mistake to think that this is ironica caricature of the +historical accounts. On the contrary it is a very mild expression of +the contradictory replies, not meeting the questions, which all the +historians give, from the compilers of memoirs and the histories +of separate states to the writers of general histories and the new +histories of the culture of that period. + +The strangeness and absurdity of these replies arise from the fact that +modern history, like a deaf man, answers questions no one has asked. + +If the purpose of history be to give a description of the movement of +humanity and of the peoples, the first questionin the absence of a +reply to which all the rest will be incomprehensibleis what is the +power that moves peoples? To this, modern history laboriously replies +either that Napoleon was a great genius, or that Louis XIV was very +proud, or that certain writers wrote certain books. + +All that may be so and mankind is ready to agree with it, but it is not +what was asked. All that would be interesting if we recognized a divine +power based on itself and always consistently directing its nations +through Napoleons, Louis-es, and writers but we do not acknowledge such +a power, and therefore before speaking about Napoleons, Louis-es, and +authors, we ought to be shown the connection existing between these men +and the movement of the nations. + +If instead of a divine power some other force has appeared, it should +be explained in what this new force consists, for the whole interest of +history lies precisely in that force. + +History seems to assume that this force is self-evident and known to +everyone. But in spite of every desire to regard it as known, anyone +reading many historical works cannot help doubting whether this new +force, so variously understood by the historians themselves, is really +quite well known to everybody. + + + + + +CHAPTER II + +What force moves the nations? + +Biographical historians and historians of separate nations understand +this force as a power inherent in heroes and rulers. In their narration +events occur solely by the will of a Napoleon, and Alexander, or in +general of the persons they describe. The answers given by this kind +of historian to the question of what force causes events to happen are +satisfactory only as long as there is but one historian to each event. +As soon as historians of different nationalities and tendencies begin +to describe the same event, the replies they give immediately lose all +meaning, for this force is understood by them all not only differently +but often in quite contradictory ways. One historian says that an +event was produced by Napoleons power, another that it was produced by +Alexanders, a third that it was due to the power of some other person. +Besides this, historians of that kind contradict each other even +in their statement as to the force on which the authority of some +particular person was based. Thiers, a Bonapartist, says that Napoleons +power was based on his virtue and genius. Lanfrey, a Republican, says it +was based on his trickery and deception of the people. So the historians +of this class, by mutually destroying one anothers positions, destroy +the understanding of the force which produces events, and furnish no +reply to historys essential question. + +Writers of universal history who deal with all the nations seem to +recognize how erroneous is the specialist historians view of the force +which produces events. They do not recognize it as a power inherent in +heroes and rulers, but as the resultant of a multiplicity of variously +directed forces. In describing a war or the subjugation of a people, a +general historian looks for the cause of the event not in the power +of one man, but in the interaction of many persons connected with the +event. + +According to this view the power of historical personages, represented +as the product of many forces, can no longer, it would seem, be regarded +as a force that itself produces events. Yet in most cases universal +historians still employ the conception of power as a force that itself +produces events, and treat it as their cause. In their exposition, an +historic character is first the product of his time, and his power only +the resultant of various forces, and then his power is itself a force +producing events. Gervinus, Schlosser, and others, for instance, at one +time prove Napoleon to be a product of the Revolution, of the ideas of +1789 and so forth, and at another plainly say that the campaign of 1812 +and other things they do not like were simply the product of Napoleons +misdirected will, and that the very ideas of 1789 were arrested in their +development by Napoleons caprice. The ideas of the Revolution and the +general temper of the age produced Napoleons power. But Napoleons +power suppressed the ideas of the Revolution and the general temper of +the age. + +This curious contradiction is not accidental. Not only does it occur at +every step, but the universal historians accounts are all made up of +a chain of such contradictions. This contradiction occurs because after +entering the field of analysis the universal historians stop halfway. + +To find component forces equal to the composite or resultant force, the +sum of the components must equal the resultant. This condition is never +observed by the universal historians, and so to explain the resultant +forces they are obliged to admit, in addition to the insufficient +components, another unexplained force affecting the resultant action. + +Specialist historians describing the campaign of 1813 or the restoration +of the Bourbons plainly assert that these events were produced by the +will of Alexander. But the universal historian Gervinus, refuting this +opinion of the specialist historian, tries to prove that the campaign of +1813 and the restoration of the Bourbons were due to other things beside +Alexanders willsuch as the activity of Stein, Metternich, Madame de +Stal, Talleyrand, Fichte, Chateaubriand, and others. The historian +evidently decomposes Alexanders power into the components Talleyrand, +Chateaubriand, and the restbut the sum of the components, that is, +the interactions of Chateaubriand, Talleyrand, Madame de Stal, and the +others, evidently does not equal the resultant, namely the phenomenon +of millions of Frenchmen submitting to the Bourbons. That Chateaubriand, +Madame de Stal, and others spoke certain words to one another only +affected their mutual relations but does not account for the submission +of millions. And therefore to explain how from these relations of theirs +the submission of millions of people resultedthat is, how component +forces equal to one A gave a resultant equal to a thousand times Athe +historian is again obliged to fall back on powerthe force he had +deniedand to recognize it as the resultant of the forces, that is, he +has to admit an unexplained force acting on the resultant. And that is +just what the universal historians do, and consequently they not only +contradict the specialist historians but contradict themselves. + +Peasants having no clear idea of the cause of rain, say, according to +whether they want rain or fine weather The wind has blown the clouds +away, or, The wind has brought up the clouds. And in the same way the +universal historians sometimes, when it pleases them and fits in with +their theory, say that power is the result of events, and sometimes, +when they want to prove something else, say that power produces events. + +A third class of historiansthe so-called historians of +culturefollowing the path laid down by the universal historians who +sometimes accept writers and ladies as forces producing eventsagain +take that force to be something quite different. They see it in what is +called culturein mental activity. + +The historians of culture are quite consistent in regard to their +progenitors, the writers of universal histories, for if historical +events may be explained by the fact that certain persons treated one +another in such and such ways, why not explain them by the fact that +such and such people wrote such and such books? Of the immense number of +indications accompanying every vital phenomenon, these historians select +the indication of intellectual activity and say that this indication is +the cause. But despite their endeavors to prove that the cause of events +lies in intellectual activity, only by a great stretch can one admit +that there is any connection between intellectual activity and the +movement of peoples, and in no case can one admit that intellectual +activity controls peoples actions, for that view is not confirmed by +such facts as the very cruel murders of the French Revolution resulting +from the doctrine of the equality of man, or the very cruel wars and +executions resulting from the preaching of love. + +But even admitting as correct all the cunningly devised arguments with +which these histories are filledadmitting that nations are governed by +some undefined force called an ideahistorys essential question still +remains unanswered, and to the former power of monarchs and to the +influence of advisers and other people introduced by the universal +historians, another, newer forcethe ideais added, the connection of +which with the masses needs explanation. It is possible to understand +that Napoleon had power and so events occurred with some effort one may +even conceive that Napoleon together with other influences was the cause +of an event but how a book, Le Contrat Social, had the effect of making +Frenchmen begin to drown one another cannot be understood without an +explanation of the causal nexus of this new force with the event. + +Undoubtedly some relation exists between all who live contemporaneously, +and so it is possible to find some connection between the intellectual +activity of men and their historical movements, just as such a +connection may be found between the movements of humanity and commerce, +handicraft, gardening, or anything else you please. But why intellectual +activity is considered by the historians of culture to be the cause or +expression of the whole historical movement is hard to understand. +Only the following considerations can have led the historians to such +a conclusion (1) that history is written by learned men, and so it is +natural and agreeable for them to think that the activity of their class +supplies the basis of the movement of all humanity, just as a similar +belief is natural and agreeable to traders, agriculturists, and soldiers +(if they do not express it, that is merely because traders and soldiers +do not write history), and (2) that spiritual activity, enlightenment, +civilization, culture, ideas, are all indistinct, indefinite conceptions +under whose banner it is very easy to use words having a still less +definite meaning, and which can therefore be readily introduced into any +theory. + +But not to speak of the intrinsic quality of histories of this kind +(which may possibly even be of use to someone for something) the +histories of culture, to which all general histories tend more and more +to approximate, are significant from the fact that after seriously +and minutely examining various religious, philosophic, and political +doctrines as causes of events, as soon as they have to describe an +actual historic event such as the campaign of 1812 for instance, they +involuntarily describe it as resulting from an exercise of powerand say +plainly that that was the result of Napoleons will. Speaking so, the +historians of culture involuntarily contradict themselves, and show that +the new force they have devised does not account for what happens in +history, and that history can only be explained by introducing a power +which they apparently do not recognize. + + + + + +CHAPTER III + +A locomotive is moving. Someone asks What moves it? A peasant says +the devil moves it. Another man says the locomotive moves because its +wheels go round. A third asserts that the cause of its movement lies in +the smoke which the wind carries away. + +The peasant is irrefutable. He has devised a complete explanation. To +refute him someone would have to prove to him that there is no devil, +or another peasant would have to explain to him that it is not the devil +but a German, who moves the locomotive. Only then, as a result of the +contradiction, will they see that they are both wrong. But the man who +says that the movement of the wheels is the cause refutes himself, for +having once begun to analyze he ought to go on and explain further why +the wheels go round and till he has reached the ultimate cause of the +movement of the locomotive in the pressure of steam in the boiler, he +has no right to stop in his search for the cause. The man who explains +the movement of the locomotive by the smoke that is carried back has +noticed that the wheels do not supply an explanation and has taken the +first sign that occurs to him and in his turn has offered that as an +explanation. + +The only conception that can explain the movement of the locomotive is +that of a force commensurate with the movement observed. + +The only conception that can explain the movement of the peoples is that +of some force commensurate with the whole movement of the peoples. + +Yet to supply this conception various historians take forces of +different kinds, all of which are incommensurate with the movement +observed. Some see it as a force directly inherent in heroes, as the +peasant sees the devil in the locomotive others as a force resulting +from several other forces, like the movement of the wheels others again +as an intellectual influence, like the smoke that is blown away. + +So long as histories are written of separate individuals, whether +Caesars, Alexanders, Luthers, or Voltaires, and not the histories +of all, absolutely all those who take part in an event, it is quite +impossible to describe the movement of humanity without the conception +of a force compelling men to direct their activity toward a certain end. +And the only such conception known to historians is that of power. + +This conception is the one handle by means of which the material of +history, as at present expounded, can be dealt with, and anyone who +breaks that handle off, as Buckle did, without finding some other method +of treating historical material, merely deprives himself of the one +possible way of dealing with it. The necessity of the conception of +power as an explanation of historical events is best demonstrated by +the universal historians and historians of culture themselves, for they +professedly reject that conception but inevitably have recourse to it at +every step. + +In dealing with humanitys inquiry, the science of history up to now +is like money in circulationpaper money and coin. The biographies and +special national histories are like paper money. They can be used and +can circulate and fulfill their purpose without harm to anyone and even +advantageously, as long as no one asks what is the security behind them. +You need only forget to ask how the will of heroes produces events, and +such histories as Thiers will be interesting and instructive and may +perhaps even possess a tinge of poetry. But just as doubts of the real +value of paper money arise either because, being easy to make, too much +of it gets made or because people try to exchange it for gold, so also +doubts concerning the real value of such histories arise either because +too many of them are written or because in his simplicity of heart +someone inquires by what force did Napoleon do this?that is, wants +to exchange the current paper money for the real gold of actual +comprehension. + +The writers of universal histories and of the history of culture are +like people who, recognizing the defects of paper money, decide to +substitute for it money made of metal that has not the specific gravity +of gold. It may indeed make jingling coin, but will do no more than +that. Paper money may deceive the ignorant, but nobody is deceived by +tokens of base metal that have no value but merely jingle. As gold is +gold only if it is serviceable not merely for exchange but also for use, +so universal historians will be valuable only when they can reply to +historys essential question what is power? The universal historians +give contradictory replies to that question, while the historians of +culture evade it and answer something quite different. And as counters +of imitation gold can be used only among a group of people who agree to +accept them as gold, or among those who do not know the nature of +gold, so universal historians and historians of culture, not answering +humanitys essential question, serve as currency for some purposes of +their own, only in universities and among the mass of readers who have a +taste for what they call serious reading. + + + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Having abandoned the conception of the ancients as to the divine +subjection of the will of a nation to some chosen man and the subjection +of that mans will to the Deity, history cannot without contradictions +take a single step till it has chosen one of two things either a return +to the former belief in the direct intervention of the Deity in human +affairs or a definite explanation of the meaning of the force producing +historical events and termed power. + +A return to the first is impossible, the belief has been destroyed and +so it is essential to explain what is meant by power. + +Napoleon ordered an army to be raised and go to war. We are so +accustomed to that idea and have become so used to it that the question +why did six hundred thousand men go to fight when Napoleon uttered +certain words, seems to us senseless. He had the power and so what he +ordered was done. + +This reply is quite satisfactory if we believe that the power was given +him by God. But as soon as we do not admit that, it becomes essential to +determine what is this power of one man over others. + +It cannot be the direct physical power of a strong man over a weak onea +domination based on the application or threat of physical force, like +the power of Hercules nor can it be based on the effect of moral force, +as in their simplicity some historians think who say that the leading +figures in history are heroes, that is, men gifted with a special +strength of soul and mind called genius. This power cannot be based on +the predominance of moral strength, for, not to mention heroes such as +Napoleon about whose moral qualities opinions differ widely, history +shows us that neither a Louis XI nor a Metternich, who ruled over +millions of people, had any particular moral qualities, but on the +contrary were generally morally weaker than any of the millions they +ruled over. + +If the source of power lies neither in the physical nor in the moral +qualities of him who possesses it, it must evidently be looked for +elsewherein the relation to the people of the man who wields the power. + +And that is how power is understood by the science of jurisprudence, +that exchange bank of history which offers to exchange historys +understanding of power for true gold. + +Power is the collective will of the people transferred, by expressed or +tacit consent, to their chosen rulers. + +In the domain of jurisprudence, which consists of discussions of how a +state and power might be arranged were it possible for all that to +be arranged, it is all very clear but when applied to history that +definition of power needs explanation. + +The science of jurisprudence regards the state and power as the ancients +regarded firenamely, as something existing absolutely. But for history, +the state and power are merely phenomena, just as for modern physics +fire is not an element but a phenomenon. + +From this fundamental difference between the view held by history and +that held by jurisprudence, it follows that jurisprudence can tell +minutely how in its opinion power should be constituted and what +powerexisting immutably outside timeis, but to historys questions +about the meaning of the mutations of power in time it can answer +nothing. + +If power be the collective will of the people transferred to their +ruler, was Pugachv a representative of the will of the people? If not, +then why was Napoleon I? Why was Napoleon III a criminal when he was +taken prisoner at Boulogne, and why, later on, were those criminals whom +he arrested? + +Do palace revolutionsin which sometimes only two or three people take +parttransfer the will of the people to a new ruler? In international +relations, is the will of the people also transferred to their +conqueror? Was the will of the Confederation of the Rhine transferred +to Napoleon in 1806? Was the will of the Russian people transferred +to Napoleon in 1809, when our army in alliance with the French went to +fight the Austrians? + +To these questions three answers are possible + +Either to assume (1) that the will of the people is always +unconditionally transferred to the ruler or rulers they have chosen, and +that therefore every emergence of a new power, every struggle +against the power once appointed, should be absolutely regarded as an +infringement of the real power or (2) that the will of the people +is transferred to the rulers conditionally, under definite and known +conditions, and to show that all limitations, conflicts, and even +destructions of power result from a nonobservance by the rulers of the +conditions under which their power was entrusted to them or (3) that +the will of the people is delegated to the rulers conditionally, but +that the conditions are unknown and indefinite, and that the appearance +of several authorities, their struggles and their falls, result solely +from the greater or lesser fulfillment by the rulers of these unknown +conditions on which the will of the people is transferred from some +people to others. + +And these are the three ways in which the historians do explain the +relation of the people to their rulers. + +Some historiansthose biographical and specialist historians already +referred toin their simplicity failing to understand the question of +the meaning of power, seem to consider that the collective will of +the people is unconditionally transferred to historical persons, and +therefore when describing some single state they assume that particular +power to be the one absolute and real power, and that any other force +opposing this is not a power but a violation of powermere violence. + +Their theory, suitable for primitive and peaceful periods of history, +has the inconveniencein application to complex and stormy periods in +the life of nations during which various powers arise simultaneously and +struggle with one anotherthat a Legitimist historian will prove +that the National Convention, the Directory, and Bonaparte were mere +infringers of the true power, while a Republican and a Bonapartist will +prove the one that the Convention and the other that the Empire was the +real power, and that all the others were violations of power. +Evidently the explanations furnished by these historians being mutually +contradictory can only satisfy young children. + +Recognizing the falsity of this view of history, another set of +historians say that power rests on a conditional delegation of the will +of the people to their rulers, and that historical leaders have power +only conditionally on carrying out the program that the will of the +people has by tacit agreement prescribed to them. But what this program +consists in these historians do not say, or if they do they continually +contradict one another. + +Each historian, according to his view of what constitutes a nations +progress, looks for these conditions in the greatness, wealth, freedom, +or enlightenment of citizens of France or some other country. But not +to mention the historians contradictions as to the nature of this +programor even admitting that some one general program of these +conditions existsthe facts of history almost always contradict that +theory. If the conditions under which power is entrusted consist in the +wealth, freedom, and enlightenment of the people, how is it that Louis +XIV and Ivn the Terrible end their reigns tranquilly, while Louis XVI +and Charles I are executed by their people? To this question historians +reply that Louis XIVs activity, contrary to the program, reacted on +Louis XVI. But why did it not react on Louis XIV or on Louis XVwhy +should it react just on Louis XVI? And what is the time limit for such +reactions? To these questions there are and can be no answers. Equally +little does this view explain why for several centuries the collective +will is not withdrawn from certain rulers and their heirs, and +then suddenly during a period of fifty years is transferred to the +Convention, to the Directory, to Napoleon, to Alexander, to Louis XVIII, +to Napoleon again, to Charles X, to Louis Philippe, to a Republican +government, and to Napoleon III. When explaining these rapid transfers +of the peoples will from one individual to another, especially in view +of international relations, conquests, and alliances, the historians are +obliged to admit that some of these transfers are not normal delegations +of the peoples will but are accidents dependent on cunning, on +mistakes, on craft, or on the weakness of a diplomatist, a ruler, or a +party leader. So that the greater part of the events of historycivil +wars, revolutions, and conquestsare presented by these historians +not as the results of free transferences of the peoples will, but as +results of the ill-directed will of one or more individuals, that is, +once again, as usurpations of power. And so these historians also see +and admit historical events which are exceptions to the theory. + +These historians resemble a botanist who, having noticed that some +plants grow from seeds producing two cotyledons, should insist that all +that grows does so by sprouting into two leaves, and that the palm, the +mushroom, and even the oak, which blossom into full growth and no longer +resemble two leaves, are deviations from the theory. + +Historians of the third class assume that the will of the people +is transferred to historic personages conditionally, but that the +conditions are unknown to us. They say that historical personages have +power only because they fulfill the will of the people which has been +delegated to them. + +But in that case, if the force that moves nations lies not in the +historic leaders but in the nations themselves, what significance have +those leaders? + +The leaders, these historians tell us, express the will of the people +the activity of the leaders represents the activity of the people. + +But in that case the question arises whether all the activity of the +leaders serves as an expression of the peoples will or only some part +of it. If the whole activity of the leaders serves as the expression of +the peoples will, as some historians suppose, then all the details +of the court scandals contained in the biographies of a Napoleon or +a Catherine serve to express the life of the nation, which is evident +nonsense but if it is only some particular side of the activity of an +historical leader which serves to express the peoples life, as other +so-called philosophical historians believe, then to determine which +side of the activity of a leader expresses the nations life, we have +first of all to know in what the nations life consists. + +Met by this difficulty historians of that class devise some most +obscure, impalpable, and general abstraction which can cover all +conceivable occurrences, and declare this abstraction to be the aim of +humanitys movement. The most usual generalizations adopted by almost +all the historians are freedom, equality, enlightenment, progress, +civilization, and culture. Postulating some generalization as the goal +of the movement of humanity, the historians study the men of whom the +greatest number of monuments have remained kings, ministers, generals, +authors, reformers, popes, and journalists, to the extent to which in +their opinion these persons have promoted or hindered that abstraction. +But as it is in no way proved that the aim of humanity does consist in +freedom, equality, enlightenment, or civilization, and as the connection +of the people with the rulers and enlighteners of humanity is only based +on the arbitrary assumption that the collective will of the people is +always transferred to the men whom we have noticed, it happens that the +activity of the millions who migrate, burn houses, abandon agriculture, +and destroy one another never is expressed in the account of the +activity of some dozen people who did not burn houses, practice +agriculture, or slay their fellow creatures. + +History proves this at every turn. Is the ferment of the peoples of +the west at the end of the eighteenth century and their drive eastward +explained by the activity of Louis XIV, XV, and XVI, their mistresses +and ministers, and by the lives of Napoleon, Rousseau, Diderot, +Beaumarchais, and others? + +Is the movement of the Russian people eastward to Kazn and Siberia +expressed by details of the morbid character of Ivn the Terrible and by +his correspondence with Krbski? + +Is the movement of the peoples at the time of the Crusades explained by +the life and activity of the Godfreys and the Louis-es and their ladies? +For us that movement of the peoples from west to east, without +leaders, with a crowd of vagrants, and with Peter the Hermit, remains +incomprehensible. And yet more incomprehensible is the cessation of that +movement when a rational and sacred aim for the Crusadethe deliverance +of Jerusalemhad been clearly defined by historic leaders. Popes, kings, +and knights incited the peoples to free the Holy Land but the people +did not go, for the unknown cause which had previously impelled them to +go no longer existed. The history of the Godfreys and the Minnesingers +can evidently not cover the life of the peoples. And the history of the +Godfreys and the Minnesingers has remained the history of Godfreys +and Minnesingers, but the history of the life of the peoples and their +impulses has remained unknown. + +Still less does the history of authors and reformers explain to us the +life of the peoples. + +The history of culture explains to us the impulses and conditions of +life and thought of a writer or a reformer. We learn that Luther had +a hot temper and said such and such things we learn that Rousseau was +suspicious and wrote such and such books but we do not learn why after +the Reformation the peoples massacred one another, nor why during the +French Revolution they guillotined one another. + +If we unite both these kinds of history, as is done by the newest +historians, we shall have the history of monarchs and writers, but not +the history of the life of the peoples. + + + + + +CHAPTER V + +The life of the nations is not contained in the lives of a few men, for +the connection between those men and the nations has not been found. +The theory that this connection is based on the transference of the +collective will of a people to certain historical personages is an +hypothesis unconfirmed by the experience of history. + +The theory of the transference of the collective will of the people to +historic persons may perhaps explain much in the domain of jurisprudence +and be essential for its purposes, but in its application to history, as +soon as revolutions, conquests, or civil wars occurthat is, as soon as +history beginsthat theory explains nothing. + +The theory seems irrefutable just because the act of transference of the +peoples will cannot be verified, for it never occurred. + +Whatever happens and whoever may stand at the head of affairs, the +theory can always say that such and such a person took the lead because +the collective will was transferred to him. + +The replies this theory gives to historical questions are like the +replies of a man who, watching the movements of a herd of cattle and +paying no attention to the varying quality of the pasturage in different +parts of the field, or to the driving of the herdsman, should attribute +the direction the herd takes to what animal happens to be at its head. + +The herd goes in that direction because the animal in front leads +it and the collective will of all the other animals is vested in that +leader. This is what historians of the first class saythose who assume +the unconditional transference of the peoples will. + +If the animals leading the herd change, this happens because the +collective will of all the animals is transferred from one leader to +another, according to whether the animal is or is not leading them in +the direction selected by the whole herd. Such is the reply historians +who assume that the collective will of the people is delegated to +rulers under conditions which they regard as known. (With this method +of observation it often happens that the observer, influenced by the +direction he himself prefers, regards those as leaders who, owing to the +peoples change of direction, are no longer in front, but on one side, +or even in the rear.) + +If the animals in front are continually changing and the direction of +the whole herd is constantly altered, this is because in order to follow +a given direction the animals transfer their will to the animals that +have attracted our attention, and to study the movements of the herd +we must watch the movements of all the prominent animals moving on all +sides of the herd. So say the third class of historians who regard all +historical persons, from monarchs to journalists, as the expression of +their age. + +The theory of the transference of the will of the people to historic +persons is merely a paraphrasea restatement of the question in other +words. + +What causes historical events? Power. What is power? Power is the +collective will of the people transferred to one person. Under what +condition is the will of the people delegated to one person? On +condition that that person expresses the will of the whole people. That +is, power is power in other words, power is a word the meaning of which +we do not understand. + +If the realm of human knowledge were confined to abstract reasoning, +then having subjected to criticism the explanation of power that +juridical science gives us, humanity would conclude that power is merely +a word and has no real existence. But to understand phenomena man +has, besides abstract reasoning, experience by which he verifies his +reflections. And experience tells us that power is not merely a word but +an actually existing phenomenon. + +Not to speak of the fact that no description of the collective activity +of men can do without the conception of power, the existence of power is +proved both by history and by observing contemporary events. + +Whenever an event occurs a man appears or men appear, by whose will the +event seems to have taken place. Napoleon III issues a decree and the +French go to Mexico. The King of Prussia and Bismarck issue decrees and +an army enters Bohemia. Napoleon I issues a decree and an army enters +Russia. Alexander I gives a command and the French submit to the +Bourbons. Experience shows us that whatever event occurs it is always +related to the will of one or of several men who have decreed it. + +The historians, in accord with the old habit of acknowledging divine +intervention in human affairs, want to see the cause of events in +the expression of the will of someone endowed with power, but that +supposition is not confirmed either by reason or by experience. + +On the one side reflection shows that the expression of a mans willhis +wordsare only part of the general activity expressed in an event, +as for instance in a war or a revolution, and so without assuming an +incomprehensible, supernatural forcea miracleone cannot admit that +words can be the immediate cause of the movements of millions of men. +On the other hand, even if we admitted that words could be the cause +of events, history shows that the expression of the will of historical +personages does not in most cases produce any effect, that is to say, +their commands are often not executed, and sometimes the very opposite +of what they order occurs. + +Without admitting divine intervention in the affairs of humanity we +cannot regard power as the cause of events. + +Power, from the standpoint of experience, is merely the relation that +exists between the expression of someones will and the execution of +that will by others. + +To explain the conditions of that relationship we must first establish a +conception of the expression of will, referring it to man and not to the +Deity. + +If the Deity issues a command, expresses His will, as ancient history +tells us, the expression of that will is independent of time and is not +caused by anything, for the Divinity is not controlled by an event. But +speaking of commands that are the expression of the will of men acting +in time and in relation to one another, to explain the connection of +commands with events we must restore (1) the condition of all that +takes place the continuity of movement in time both of the events and +of the person who commands, and (2) the inevitability of the connection +between the person commanding and those who execute his command. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI + +Only the expression of the will of the Deity, not dependent on time, can +relate to a whole series of events occurring over a period of years or +centuries, and only the Deity, independent of everything, can by His +sole will determine the direction of humanitys movement but man acts +in time and himself takes part in what occurs. + +Reinstating the first condition omitted, that of time, we see that no +command can be executed without some preceding order having been given +rendering the execution of the last command possible. + +No command ever appears spontaneously, or itself covers a whole series +of occurrences but each command follows from another, and never refers +to a whole series of events but always to one moment only of an event. + +When, for instance, we say that Napoleon ordered armies to go to war, +we combine in one simultaneous expression a whole series of consecutive +commands dependent one on another. Napoleon could not have commanded +an invasion of Russia and never did so. Today he ordered such and such +papers to be written to Vienna, to Berlin, and to Petersburg +tomorrow such and such decrees and orders to the army, the fleet, the +commissariat, and so on and so onmillions of commands, which formed +a whole series corresponding to a series of events which brought the +French armies into Russia. + +If throughout his reign Napoleon gave commands concerning an invasion +of England and expended on no other undertaking so much time and effort, +and yet during his whole reign never once attempted to execute that +design but undertook an expedition into Russia, with which country he +considered it desirable to be in alliance (a conviction he repeatedly +expressed)this came about because his commands did not correspond to +the course of events in the first case, but did so correspond in the +latter. + +For an order to be certainly executed, it is necessary that a man should +order what can be executed. But to know what can and what cannot be +executed is impossible, not only in the case of Napoleons invasion of +Russia in which millions participated, but even in the simplest event, +for in either case millions of obstacles may arise to prevent its +execution. Every order executed is always one of an immense number +unexecuted. All the impossible orders inconsistent with the course of +events remain unexecuted. Only the possible ones get linked up with a +consecutive series of commands corresponding to a series of events, and +are executed. + +Our false conception that an event is caused by a command which precedes +it is due to the fact that when the event has taken place and out of +thousands of others those few commands which were consistent with that +event have been executed, we forget about the others that were not +executed because they could not be. Apart from that, the chief source +of our error in this matter is due to the fact that in the historical +accounts a whole series of innumerable, diverse, and petty events, such +for instance as all those which led the French armies to Russia, is +generalized into one event in accord with the result produced by that +series of events, and corresponding with this generalization the whole +series of commands is also generalized into a single expression of will. + +We say that Napoleon wished to invade Russia and invaded it. In +reality in all Napoleons activity we never find anything resembling an +expression of that wish, but find a series of orders, or expressions of +his will, very variously and indefinitely directed. Amid a long series +of unexecuted orders of Napoleons one series, for the campaign of 1812, +was carried outnot because those orders differed in any way from the +other, unexecuted orders but because they coincided with the course of +events that led the French army into Russia just as in stencil work +this or that figure comes out not because the color was laid on from +this side or in that way, but because it was laid on from all sides over +the figure cut in the stencil. + +So that examining the relation in time of the commands to the events, +we find that a command can never be the cause of the event, but that a +certain definite dependence exists between the two. + +To understand in what this dependence consists it is necessary to +reinstate another omitted condition of every command proceeding not from +the Deity but from a man, which is, that the man who gives the command +himself takes part in the event. + +This relation of the commander to those he commands is just what is +called power. This relation consists in the following + +For common action people always unite in certain combinations, in which +regardless of the difference of the aims set for the common action, the +relation between those taking part in it is always the same. + +Men uniting in these combinations always assume such relations toward +one another that the larger number take a more direct share, and the +smaller number a less direct share, in the collective action for which +they have combined. + +Of all the combinations in which men unite for collective action one of +the most striking and definite examples is an army. + +Every army is composed of lower grades of the servicethe rank and +fileof whom there are always the greatest number of the next higher +military rankcorporals and noncommissioned officers of whom there are +fewer, and of still-higher officers of whom there are still fewer, +and so on to the highest military command which is concentrated in one +person. + +A military organization may be quite correctly compared to a cone, of +which the base with the largest diameter consists of the rank and file +the next higher and smaller section of the cone consists of the next +higher grades of the army, and so on to the apex, the point of which +will represent the commander in chief. + +The soldiers, of whom there are the most, form the lower section of +the cone and its base. The soldier himself does the stabbing, hacking, +burning, and pillaging, and always receives orders for these actions +from men above him he himself never gives an order. The noncommissioned +officers (of whom there are fewer) perform the action itself less +frequently than the soldiers, but they already give commands. An +officer still less often acts directly himself, but commands still more +frequently. A general does nothing but command the troops, indicates the +objective, and hardly ever uses a weapon himself. The commander in chief +never takes direct part in the action itself, but only gives general +orders concerning the movement of the mass of the troops. A similar +relation of people to one another is seen in every combination of men +for common activityin agriculture, trade, and every administration. + +And so without particularly analyzing all the contiguous sections of +a cone and of the ranks of an army, or the ranks and positions in +any administrative or public business whatever from the lowest to the +highest, we see a law by which men, to take associated action, combine +in such relations that the more directly they participate in performing +the action the less they can command and the more numerous they are, +while the less their direct participation in the action itself, the more +they command and the fewer of them there are rising in this way from +the lowest ranks to the man at the top, who takes the least direct share +in the action and directs his activity chiefly to commanding. + +This relation of the men who command to those they command is what +constitutes the essence of the conception called power. + +Having restored the condition of time under which all events occur, +we find that a command is executed only when it is related to a +corresponding series of events. Restoring the essential condition of +relation between those who command and those who execute, we find that +by the very nature of the case those who command take the smallest part +in the action itself and that their activity is exclusively directed to +commanding. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII + +When an event is taking place people express their opinions and wishes +about it, and as the event results from the collective activity of +many people, some one of the opinions or wishes expressed is sure to be +fulfilled if but approximately. When one of the opinions expressed +is fulfilled, that opinion gets connected with the event as a command +preceding it. + +Men are hauling a log. Each of them expresses his opinion as to how and +where to haul it. They haul the log away, and it happens that this is +done as one of them said. He ordered it. There we have command and power +in their primary form. The man who worked most with his hands could not +think so much about what he was doing, or reflect on or command what +would result from the common activity while the man who commanded +more would evidently work less with his hands on account of his greater +verbal activity. + +When some larger concourse of men direct their activity to a common aim +there is a yet sharper division of those who, because their activity is +given to directing and commanding, take less part in the direct work. + +When a man works alone he always has a certain set of reflections which +as it seems to him directed his past activity, justify his present +activity, and guide him in planning his future actions. Just the same is +done by a concourse of people, allowing those who do not take a direct +part in the activity to devise considerations, justifications, and +surmises concerning their collective activity. + +For reasons known or unknown to us the French began to drown and kill +one another. And corresponding to the event its justification appears in +peoples belief that this was necessary for the welfare of France, for +liberty, and for equality. People ceased to kill one another, and +this event was accompanied by its justification in the necessity for a +centralization of power, resistance to Europe, and so on. Men went +from the west to the east killing their fellow men, and the event +was accompanied by phrases about the glory of France, the baseness of +England, and so on. History shows us that these justifications of the +events have no common sense and are all contradictory, as in the case of +killing a man as the result of recognizing his rights, and the killing +of millions in Russia for the humiliation of England. But these +justifications have a very necessary significance in their own day. + +These justifications release those who produce the events from moral +responsibility. These temporary aims are like the broom fixed in front +of a locomotive to clear the snow from the rails in front they clear +mens moral responsibilities from their path. + +Without such justification there would be no reply to the simplest +question that presents itself when examining each historical event. How +is it that millions of men commit collective crimesmake war, commit +murder, and so on? + +With the present complex forms of political and social life in Europe +can any event that is not prescribed, decreed, or ordered by monarchs, +ministers, parliaments, or newspapers be imagined? Is there any +collective action which cannot find its justification in political +unity, in patriotism, in the balance of power, or in civilization? So +that every event that occurs inevitably coincides with some expressed +wish and, receiving a justification, presents itself as the result of +the will of one man or of several men. + +In whatever direction a ship moves, the flow of the waves it cuts +will always be noticeable ahead of it. To those on board the ship the +movement of those waves will be the only perceptible motion. + +Only by watching closely moment by moment the movement of that flow and +comparing it with the movement of the ship do we convince ourselves that +every bit of it is occasioned by the forward movement of the ship, +and that we were led into error by the fact that we ourselves were +imperceptibly moving. + +We see the same if we watch moment by moment the movement of historical +characters (that is, re-establish the inevitable condition of all that +occursthe continuity of movement in time) and do not lose sight of the +essential connection of historical persons with the masses. + +When the ship moves in one direction there is one and the same wave +ahead of it, when it turns frequently the wave ahead of it also turns +frequently. But wherever it may turn there always will be the wave +anticipating its movement. + +Whatever happens it always appears that just that event was foreseen +and decreed. Wherever the ship may go, the rush of water which neither +directs nor increases its movement foams ahead of it, and at a distance +seems to us not merely to move of itself but to govern the ships +movement also. + +Examining only those expressions of the will of historical persons +which, as commands, were related to events, historians have assumed +that the events depended on those commands. But examining the events +themselves and the connection in which the historical persons stood to +the people, we have found that they and their orders were dependent on +events. The incontestable proof of this deduction is that, however many +commands were issued, the event does not take place unless there are +other causes for it, but as soon as an event occursbe it what it +maythen out of all the continually expressed wishes of different people +some will always be found which by their meaning and their time of +utterance are related as commands to the events. + +Arriving at this conclusion we can reply directly and positively to +these two essential questions of history + +(1) What is power? + +(2) What force produces the movement of the nations? + +(1) Power is the relation of a given person to other individuals, +in which the more this person expresses opinions, predictions, and +justifications of the collective action that is performed, the less is +his participation in that action. + +(2) The movement of nations is caused not by power, nor by intellectual +activity, nor even by a combination of the two as historians have +supposed, but by the activity of all the people who participate in +the events, and who always combine in such a way that those taking +the largest direct share in the event take on themselves the least +responsibility and vice versa. + +Morally the wielder of power appears to cause the event physically +it is those who submit to the power. But as the moral activity is +inconceivable without the physical, the cause of the event is neither in +the one nor in the other but in the union of the two. + +Or in other words, the conception of a cause is inapplicable to the +phenomena we are examining. + +In the last analysis we reach the circle of infinitythat final limit +to which in every domain of thought mans reason arrives if it is not +playing with the subject. Electricity produces heat, heat produces +electricity. Atoms attract each other and atoms repel one another. + +Speaking of the interaction of heat and electricity and of atoms, we +cannot say why this occurs, and we say that it is so because it is +inconceivable otherwise, because it must be so and that it is a law. The +same applies to historical events. Why war and revolution occur we do +not know. We only know that to produce the one or the other action, +people combine in a certain formation in which they all take part, and +we say that this is so because it is unthinkable otherwise, or in other +words that it is a law. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +If history dealt only with external phenomena, the establishment of this +simple and obvious law would suffice and we should have finished our +argument. But the law of history relates to man. A particle of matter +cannot tell us that it does not feel the law of attraction or repulsion +and that that law is untrue, but man, who is the subject of history, +says plainly I am free and am therefore not subject to the law. + +The presence of the problem of mans free will, though unexpressed, is +felt at every step of history. + +All seriously thinking historians have involuntarily encountered this +question. All the contradictions and obscurities of history and the +false path historical science has followed are due solely to the lack of +a solution of that question. + +If the will of every man were free, that is, if each man could act as he +pleased, all history would be a series of disconnected incidents. + +If in a thousand years even one man in a million could act freely, that +is, as he chose, it is evident that one single free act of that mans +in violation of the laws governing human action would destroy the +possibility of the existence of any laws for the whole of humanity. + +If there be a single law governing the actions of men, free will cannot +exist, for then mans will is subject to that law. + +In this contradiction lies the problem of free will, which from most +ancient times has occupied the best human minds and from most ancient +times has been presented in its whole tremendous significance. + +The problem is that regarding man as a subject of observation +from whatever point of viewtheological, historical, ethical, or +philosophicwe find a general law of necessity to which he (like all +that exists) is subject. But regarding him from within ourselves as what +we are conscious of, we feel ourselves to be free. + +This consciousness is a source of self-cognition quite apart from and +independent of reason. Through his reason man observes himself, but only +through consciousness does he know himself. + +Apart from consciousness of self no observation or application of reason +is conceivable. + +To understand, observe, and draw conclusions, man must first of all be +conscious of himself as living. A man is only conscious of himself as +a living being by the fact that he wills, that is, is conscious of +his volition. But his willwhich forms the essence of his lifeman +recognizes (and can but recognize) as free. + +If, observing himself, man sees that his will is always directed by +one and the same law (whether he observes the necessity of taking +food, using his brain, or anything else) he cannot recognize this +never-varying direction of his will otherwise than as a limitation of +it. Were it not free it could not be limited. A mans will seems to him +to be limited just because he is not conscious of it except as free. + +You say I am not free. But I have lifted my hand and let it fall. +Everyone understands that this illogical reply is an irrefutable +demonstration of freedom. + +That reply is the expression of a consciousness that is not subject to +reason. + +If the consciousness of freedom were not a separate and independent +source of self-consciousness it would be subject to reasoning and +to experience, but in fact such subjection does not exist and is +inconceivable. + +A series of experiments and arguments proves to every man that he, as +an object of observation, is subject to certain laws, and man submits to +them and never resists the laws of gravity or impermeability once he +has become acquainted with them. But the same series of experiments +and arguments proves to him that the complete freedom of which he is +conscious in himself is impossible, and that his every action depends +on his organization, his character, and the motives acting upon him yet +man never submits to the deductions of these experiments and arguments. +Having learned from experiment and argument that a stone falls +downwards, a man indubitably believes this and always expects the law +that he has learned to be fulfilled. + +But learning just as certainly that his will is subject to laws, he does +not and cannot believe this. + +However often experiment and reasoning may show a man that under the +same conditions and with the same character he will do the same thing as +before, yet when under the same conditions and with the same character +he approaches for the thousandth time the action that always ends in the +same way, he feels as certainly convinced as before the experiment +that he can act as he pleases. Every man, savage or sage, however +incontestably reason and experiment may prove to him that it is +impossible to imagine two different courses of action in precisely the +same conditions, feels that without this irrational conception (which +constitutes the essence of freedom) he cannot imagine life. He feels +that however impossible it may be, it is so, for without this conception +of freedom not only would he be unable to understand life, but he would +be unable to live for a single moment. + +He could not live, because all mans efforts, all his impulses to life, +are only efforts to increase freedom. Wealth and poverty, fame and +obscurity, power and subordination, strength and weakness, health and +disease, culture and ignorance, work and leisure, repletion and hunger, +virtue and vice, are only greater or lesser degrees of freedom. + +A man having no freedom cannot be conceived of except as deprived of +life. + +If the conception of freedom appears to reason to be a senseless +contradiction like the possibility of performing two actions at one and +the same instant of time, or of an effect without a cause, that only +proves that consciousness is not subject to reason. + +This unshakable, irrefutable consciousness of freedom, uncontrolled by +experiment or argument, recognized by all thinkers and felt by everyone +without exception, this consciousness without which no conception of man +is possible constitutes the other side of the question. + +Man is the creation of an all-powerful, all-good, and all-seeing God. +What is sin, the conception of which arises from the consciousness of +mans freedom? That is a question for theology. + +The actions of men are subject to general immutable laws expressed in +statistics. What is mans responsibility to society, the conception of +which results from the conception of freedom? That is a question for +jurisprudence. + +Mans actions proceed from his innate character and the motives acting +upon him. What is conscience and the perception of right and wrong +in actions that follows from the consciousness of freedom? That is a +question for ethics. + +Man in connection with the general life of humanity appears subject +to laws which determine that life. But the same man apart from that +connection appears to be free. How should the past life of nations and +of humanity be regardedas the result of the free, or as the result of +the constrained, activity of man? That is a question for history. + +Only in our self-confident day of the popularization of knowledgethanks +to that most powerful engine of ignorance, the diffusion of printed +matterhas the question of the freedom of will been put on a level on +which the question itself cannot exist. In our time the majority of +so-called advanced peoplethat is, the crowd of ignoramuseshave taken +the work of the naturalists who deal with one side of the question for a +solution of the whole problem. + +They say and write and print that the soul and freedom do not exist, +for the life of man is expressed by muscular movements and muscular +movements are conditioned by the activity of the nerves the soul and +free will do not exist because at an unknown period of time we sprang +from the apes. They say this, not at all suspecting that thousands of +years ago that same law of necessity which with such ardor they are now +trying to prove by physiology and comparative zoology was not merely +acknowledged by all the religions and all the thinkers, but has never +been denied. They do not see that the role of the natural sciences in +this matter is merely to serve as an instrument for the illumination +of one side of it. For the fact that, from the point of view of +observation, reason and the will are merely secretions of the brain, and +that man following the general law may have developed from lower animals +at some unknown period of time, only explains from a fresh side +the truth admitted thousands of years ago by all the religious and +philosophic theoriesthat from the point of view of reason man is +subject to the law of necessity but it does not advance by a hairs +breadth the solution of the question, which has another, opposite, side, +based on the consciousness of freedom. + +If men descended from the apes at an unknown period of time, that is +as comprehensible as that they were made from a handful of earth at a +certain period of time (in the first case the unknown quantity is the +time, in the second case it is the origin) and the question of how +mans consciousness of freedom is to be reconciled with the law of +necessity to which he is subject cannot be solved by comparative +physiology and zoology, for in a frog, a rabbit, or an ape, we can +observe only the muscular nervous activity, but in man we observe +consciousness as well as the muscular and nervous activity. + +The naturalists and their followers, thinking they can solve this +question, are like plasterers set to plaster one side of the walls of +a church who, availing themselves of the absence of the chief +superintendent of the work, should in an access of zeal plaster over the +windows, icons, woodwork, and still unbuttressed walls, and should be +delighted that from their point of view as plasterers, everything is now +so smooth and regular. + + + + + +CHAPTER IX + +For the solution of the question of free will or inevitability, history +has this advantage over other branches of knowledge in which the +question is dealt with, that for history this question does not refer +to the essence of mans free will but its manifestation in the past and +under certain conditions. + +In regard to this question, history stands to the other sciences as +experimental science stands to abstract science. + +The subject for history is not mans will itself but our presentation of +it. + +And so for history, the insoluble mystery presented by the +incompatibility of free will and inevitability does not exist as it does +for theology, ethics, and philosophy. History surveys a presentation of +mans life in which the union of these two contradictions has already +taken place. + +In actual life each historic event, each human action, is very clearly +and definitely understood without any sense of contradiction, although +each event presents itself as partly free and partly compulsory. + +To solve the question of how freedom and necessity are combined and +what constitutes the essence of these two conceptions, the philosophy +of history can and should follow a path contrary to that taken by other +sciences. Instead of first defining the conceptions of freedom and +inevitability in themselves, and then ranging the phenomena of life +under those definitions, history should deduce a definition of the +conception of freedom and inevitability themselves from the immense +quantity of phenomena of which it is cognizant and that always appear +dependent on these two elements. + +Whatever presentation of the activity of many men or of an individual +we may consider, we always regard it as the result partly of mans free +will and partly of the law of inevitability. + +Whether we speak of the migration of the peoples and the incursions +of the barbarians, or of the decrees of Napoleon III, or of someones +action an hour ago in choosing one direction out of several for his +walk, we are unconscious of any contradiction. The degree of freedom and +inevitability governing the actions of these people is clearly defined +for us. + +Our conception of the degree of freedom often varies according to +differences in the point of view from which we regard the event, but +every human action appears to us as a certain combination of freedom and +inevitability. In every action we examine we see a certain measure of +freedom and a certain measure of inevitability. And always the more +freedom we see in any action the less inevitability do we perceive, and +the more inevitability the less freedom. + +The proportion of freedom to inevitability decreases and increases +according to the point of view from which the action is regarded, but +their relation is always one of inverse proportion. + +A sinking man who clutches at another and drowns him or a hungry mother +exhausted by feeding her baby, who steals some food or a man trained +to discipline who on duty at the word of command kills a defenseless +manseem less guilty, that is, less free and more subject to the law of +necessity, to one who knows the circumstances in which these people were +placed, and more free to one who does not know that the man was himself +drowning, that the mother was hungry, that the soldier was in the ranks, +and so on. Similarly a man who committed a murder twenty years ago and +has since lived peaceably and harmlessly in society seems less guilty +and his action more due to the law of inevitability, to someone who +considers his action after twenty years have elapsed than to one who +examined it the day after it was committed. And in the same way every +action of an insane, intoxicated, or highly excited man appears less +free and more inevitable to one who knows the mental condition of him +who committed the action, and seems more free and less inevitable to one +who does not know it. In all these cases the conception of freedom +is increased or diminished and the conception of compulsion is +correspondingly decreased or increased, according to the point of view +from which the action is regarded. So that the greater the conception of +necessity the smaller the conception of freedom and vice versa. + +Religion, the common sense of mankind, the science of jurisprudence, +and history itself understand alike this relation between necessity and +freedom. + +All cases without exception in which our conception of freedom and +necessity is increased and diminished depend on three considerations + +(1) The relation to the external world of the man who commits the deeds. + +(2) His relation to time. + +(3) His relation to the causes leading to the action. + +The first consideration is the clearness of our perception of the mans +relation to the external world and the greater or lesser clearness +of our understanding of the definite position occupied by the man +in relation to everything coexisting with him. This is what makes it +evident that a drowning man is less free and more subject to necessity +than one standing on dry ground, and that makes the actions of a man +closely connected with others in a thickly populated district, or of one +bound by family, official, or business duties, seem certainly less free +and more subject to necessity than those of a man living in solitude and +seclusion. + +If we consider a man alone, apart from his relation to everything around +him, each action of his seems to us free. But if we see his relation +to anything around him, if we see his connection with anything +whateverwith a man who speaks to him, a book he reads, the work on +which he is engaged, even with the air he breathes or the light that +falls on the things about himwe see that each of these circumstances +has an influence on him and controls at least some side of his activity. +And the more we perceive of these influences the more our conception of +his freedom diminishes and the more our conception of the necessity that +weighs on him increases. + +The second consideration is the more or less evident time relation of +the man to the world and the clearness of our perception of the place +the mans action occupies in time. That is the ground which makes the +fall of the first man, resulting in the production of the human race, +appear evidently less free than a mans entry into marriage today. It is +the reason why the life and activity of people who lived centuries ago +and are connected with me in time cannot seem to me as free as the life +of a contemporary, the consequences of which are still unknown to me. + +The degree of our conception of freedom or inevitability depends in this +respect on the greater or lesser lapse of time between the performance +of the action and our judgment of it. + +If I examine an act I performed a moment ago in approximately the same +circumstances as those I am in now, my action appears to me undoubtedly +free. But if I examine an act performed a month ago, then being in +different circumstances, I cannot help recognizing that if that act had +not been committed much that resulted from itgood, agreeable, and even +essentialwould not have taken place. If I reflect on an action still +more remote, ten years ago or more, then the consequences of my action +are still plainer to me and I find it hard to imagine what would have +happened had that action not been performed. The farther I go back +in memory, or what is the same thing the farther I go forward in my +judgment, the more doubtful becomes my belief in the freedom of my +action. + +In history we find a very similar progress of conviction concerning +the part played by free will in the general affairs of humanity. A +contemporary event seems to us to be indubitably the doing of all the +known participants, but with a more remote event we already see its +inevitable results which prevent our considering anything else possible. +And the farther we go back in examining events the less arbitrary do +they appear. + +The Austro-Prussian war appears to us undoubtedly the result of the +crafty conduct of Bismarck, and so on. The Napoleonic wars still seem +to us, though already questionably, to be the outcome of their heroes +will. But in the Crusades we already see an event occupying its definite +place in history and without which we cannot imagine the modern history +of Europe, though to the chroniclers of the Crusades that event appeared +as merely due to the will of certain people. In regard to the migration +of the peoples it does not enter anyones head today to suppose that +the renovation of the European world depended on Attilas caprice. The +farther back in history the object of our observation lies, the more +doubtful does the free will of those concerned in the event become and +the more manifest the law of inevitability. + +The third consideration is the degree to which we apprehend that +endless chain of causation inevitably demanded by reason, in which each +phenomenon comprehended, and therefore mans every action, must have +its definite place as a result of what has gone before and as a cause of +what will follow. + +The better we are acquainted with the physiological, psychological, and +historical laws deduced by observation and by which man is controlled, +and the more correctly we perceive the physiological, psychological, +and historical causes of the action, and the simpler the action we are +observing and the less complex the character and mind of the man in +question, the more subject to inevitability and the less free do our +actions and those of others appear. + +When we do not at all understand the cause of an action, whether a +crime, a good action, or even one that is simply nonmoral, we ascribe a +greater amount of freedom to it. In the case of a crime we most urgently +demand the punishment for such an act in the case of a virtuous act we +rate its merit most highly. In an indifferent case we recognize in it +more individuality, originality, and independence. But if even one of +the innumerable causes of the act is known to us we recognize a certain +element of necessity and are less insistent on punishment for the crime, +or the acknowledgment of the merit of the virtuous act, or the freedom +of the apparently original action. That a criminal was reared among +malefactors mitigates his fault in our eyes. The self-sacrifice of a father +or mother, or self-sacrifice with the possibility of a reward, is more +comprehensible than gratuitous self-sacrifice, and therefore seems less +deserving of sympathy and less the result of free will. The founder of a +sect or party, or an inventor, impresses us less when we know how or by +what the way was prepared for his activity. If we have a large range +of examples, if our observation is constantly directed to seeking the +correlation of cause and effect in peoples actions, their actions +appear to us more under compulsion and less free the more correctly we +connect the effects with the causes. If we examined simple actions and +had a vast number of such actions under observation, our conception of +their inevitability would be still greater. The dishonest conduct of the +son of a dishonest father, the misconduct of a woman who had fallen +into bad company, a drunkards relapse into drunkenness, and so on are +actions that seem to us less free the better we understand their cause. +If the man whose actions we are considering is on a very low stage of +mental development, like a child, a madman, or a simpletonthen, +knowing the causes of the act and the simplicity of the character and +intelligence in question, we see so large an element of necessity and so +little free will that as soon as we know the cause prompting the action +we can foretell the result. + +On these three considerations alone is based the conception of +irresponsibility for crimes and the extenuating circumstances admitted +by all legislative codes. The responsibility appears greater or less +according to our greater or lesser knowledge of the circumstances in +which the man was placed whose action is being judged, and according +to the greater or lesser interval of time between the commission of the +action and its investigation, and according to the greater or lesser +understanding of the causes that led to the action. + + + + + +CHAPTER X + +Thus our conception of free will and inevitability gradually diminishes +or increases according to the greater or lesser connection with the +external world, the greater or lesser remoteness of time, and the +greater or lesser dependence on the causes in relation to which we +contemplate a mans life. + +So that if we examine the case of a man whose connection with the +external world is well known, where the time between the action and +its examination is great, and where the causes of the action are most +accessible, we get the conception of a maximum of inevitability and a +minimum of free will. If we examine a man little dependent on external +conditions, whose action was performed very recently, and the causes of +whose action are beyond our ken, we get the conception of a minimum of +inevitability and a maximum of freedom. + +In neither casehowever we may change our point of view, however plain +we may make to ourselves the connection between the man and the external +world, however inaccessible it may be to us, however long or short the +period of time, however intelligible or incomprehensible the causes +of the action may becan we ever conceive either complete freedom or +complete necessity. + +(1) To whatever degree we may imagine a man to be exempt from the +influence of the external world, we never get a conception of freedom +in space. Every human action is inevitably conditioned by what surrounds +him and by his own body. I lift my arm and let it fall. My action seems +to me free but asking myself whether I could raise my arm in every +direction, I see that I raised it in the direction in which there was +least obstruction to that action either from things around me or from +the construction of my own body. I chose one out of all the possible +directions because in it there were fewest obstacles. For my action +to be free it was necessary that it should encounter no obstacles. To +conceive of a man being free we must imagine him outside space, which is +evidently impossible. + +(2) However much we approximate the time of judgment to the time of the +deed, we never get a conception of freedom in time. For if I examine +an action committed a second ago I must still recognize it as not +being free, for it is irrevocably linked to the moment at which it was +committed. Can I lift my arm? I lift it, but ask myself could I have +abstained from lifting my arm at the moment that has already passed? To +convince myself of this I do not lift it the next moment. But I am +not now abstaining from doing so at the first moment when I asked the +question. Time has gone by which I could not detain, the arm I then +lifted is no longer the same as the arm I now refrain from lifting, +nor is the air in which I lifted it the same that now surrounds me. The +moment in which the first movement was made is irrevocable, and at that +moment I could make only one movement, and whatever movement I made +would be the only one. That I did not lift my arm a moment later does +not prove that I could have abstained from lifting it then. And since I +could make only one movement at that single moment of time, it could not +have been any other. To imagine it as free, it is necessary to imagine +it in the present, on the boundary between the past and the futurethat +is, outside time, which is impossible. + +(3) However much the difficulty of understanding the causes may be +increased, we never reach a conception of complete freedom, that is, +an absence of cause. However inaccessible to us may be the cause of the +expression of will in any action, our own or anothers, the first demand +of reason is the assumption of and search for a cause, for without a +cause no phenomenon is conceivable. I raise my arm to perform an action +independently of any cause, but my wish to perform an action without a +cause is the cause of my action. + +But even ifimagining a man quite exempt from all influences, examining +only his momentary action in the present, unevoked by any causewe were +to admit so infinitely small a remainder of inevitability as equaled +zero, we should even then not have arrived at the conception of complete +freedom in man, for a being uninfluenced by the external world, standing +outside of time and independent of cause, is no longer a man. + +In the same way we can never imagine the action of a man quite devoid of +freedom and entirely subject to the law of inevitability. + +(1) However we may increase our knowledge of the conditions of space +in which man is situated, that knowledge can never be complete, for the +number of those conditions is as infinite as the infinity of space. And +therefore so long as not all the conditions influencing men are defined, +there is no complete inevitability but a certain measure of freedom +remains. + +(2) However we may prolong the period of time between the action we are +examining and the judgment upon it, that period will be finite, while +time is infinite, and so in this respect too there can never be absolute +inevitability. + +(3) However accessible may be the chain of causation of any action, we +shall never know the whole chain since it is endless, and so again we +never reach absolute inevitability. + +But besides this, even if, admitting the remaining minimum of freedom to +equal zero, we assumed in some given caseas for instance in that of a +dying man, an unborn babe, or an idiotcomplete absence of freedom, by +so doing we should destroy the very conception of man in the case we are +examining, for as soon as there is no freedom there is also no man. And +so the conception of the action of a man subject solely to the law of +inevitability without any element of freedom is just as impossible as +the conception of a mans completely free action. + +And so to imagine the action of a man entirely subject to the law of +inevitability without any freedom, we must assume the knowledge of an +infinite number of space relations, an infinitely long period of time, +and an infinite series of causes. + +To imagine a man perfectly free and not subject to the law of +inevitability, we must imagine him all alone, beyond space, beyond time, +and free from dependence on cause. + +In the first case, if inevitability were possible without freedom +we should have reached a definition of inevitability by the laws of +inevitability itself, that is, a mere form without content. + +In the second case, if freedom were possible without inevitability we +should have arrived at unconditioned freedom beyond space, time, and +cause, which by the fact of its being unconditioned and unlimited would +be nothing, or mere content without form. + +We should in fact have reached those two fundamentals of which mans +whole outlook on the universe is constructedthe incomprehensible +essence of life, and the laws defining that essence. + +Reason says (1) space with all the forms of matter that give it +visibility is infinite, and cannot be imagined otherwise. (2) Time is +infinite motion without a moment of rest and is unthinkable otherwise. +(3) The connection between cause and effect has no beginning and can +have no end. + +Consciousness says (1) I alone am, and all that exists is but me, +consequently I include space. (2) I measure flowing time by the fixed +moment of the present in which alone I am conscious of myself as living, +consequently I am outside time. (3) I am beyond cause, for I feel myself +to be the cause of every manifestation of my life. + +Reason gives expression to the laws of inevitability. Consciousness +gives expression to the essence of freedom. + +Freedom not limited by anything is the essence of life, in mans +consciousness. Inevitability without content is mans reason in its +three forms. + +Freedom is the thing examined. Inevitability is what examines. Freedom +is the content. Inevitability is the form. + +Only by separating the two sources of cognition, related to one another +as form to content, do we get the mutually exclusive and separately +incomprehensible conceptions of freedom and inevitability. + +Only by uniting them do we get a clear conception of mans life. + +Apart from these two concepts which in their union mutually define one +another as form and content, no conception of life is possible. + +All that we know of the life of man is merely a certain relation of free +will to inevitability, that is, of consciousness to the laws of reason. + +All that we know of the external world of nature is only a certain +relation of the forces of nature to inevitability, or of the essence of +life to the laws of reason. + +The great natural forces lie outside us and we are not conscious of +them we call those forces gravitation, inertia, electricity, animal +force, and so on, but we are conscious of the force of life in man and +we call that freedom. + +But just as the force of gravitation, incomprehensible in itself but +felt by every man, is understood by us only to the extent to which we +know the laws of inevitability to which it is subject (from the first +knowledge that all bodies have weight, up to Newtons law), so too the +force of free will, incomprehensible in itself but of which everyone is +conscious, is intelligible to us only in as far as we know the laws of +inevitability to which it is subject (from the fact that every man dies, +up to the knowledge of the most complex economic and historic laws). + +All knowledge is merely a bringing of this essence of life under the +laws of reason. + +Mans free will differs from every other force in that man is directly +conscious of it, but in the eyes of reason it in no way differs from +any other force. The forces of gravitation, electricity, or chemical +affinity are only distinguished from one another in that they are +differently defined by reason. Just so the force of mans free will +is distinguished by reason from the other forces of nature only by the +definition reason gives it. Freedom, apart from necessity, that is, +apart from the laws of reason that define it, differs in no way from +gravitation, or heat, or the force that makes things grow for reason, +it is only a momentary undefinable sensation of life. + +And as the undefinable essence of the force moving the heavenly bodies, +the undefinable essence of the forces of heat and electricity, or +of chemical affinity, or of the vital force, forms the content of +astronomy, physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, and so on, just in the +same way does the force of free will form the content of history. +But just as the subject of every science is the manifestation of this +unknown essence of life while that essence itself can only be the +subject of metaphysics, even the manifestation of the force of free will +in human beings in space, in time, and in dependence on cause forms +the subject of history, while free will itself is the subject of +metaphysics. + +In the experimental sciences what we know we call the laws of +inevitability, what is unknown to us we call vital force. Vital force is +only an expression for the unknown remainder over and above what we know +of the essence of life. + +So also in history what is known to us we call laws of inevitability, +what is unknown we call free will. Free will is for history only an +expression for the unknown remainder of what we know about the laws of +human life. + + + + + +CHAPTER XI + +History examines the manifestations of mans free will in connection +with the external world in time and in dependence on cause, that is, it +defines this freedom by the laws of reason, and so history is a science +only in so far as this free will is defined by those laws. + +The recognition of mans free will as something capable of influencing +historical events, that is, as not subject to laws, is the same for +history as the recognition of a free force moving the heavenly bodies +would be for astronomy. + +That assumption would destroy the possibility of the existence of laws, +that is, of any science whatever. If there is even a single body +moving freely, then the laws of Kepler and Newton are negatived and no +conception of the movement of the heavenly bodies any longer exists. If +any single action is due to free will, then not a single historical law +can exist, nor any conception of historical events. + +For history, lines exist of the movement of human wills, one end +of which is hidden in the unknown but at the other end of which a +consciousness of mans will in the present moves in space, time, and +dependence on cause. + +The more this field of motion spreads out before our eyes, the more +evident are the laws of that movement. To discover and define those laws +is the problem of history. + +From the standpoint from which the science of history now regards its +subject on the path it now follows, seeking the causes of events in +mans free will, a scientific enunciation of those laws is impossible, +for however mans free will may be restricted, as soon as we recognize +it as a force not subject to law, the existence of law becomes +impossible. + +Only by reducing this element of free will to the infinitesimal, that +is, by regarding it as an infinitely small quantity, can we convince +ourselves of the absolute inaccessibility of the causes, and then +instead of seeking causes, history will take the discovery of laws as +its problem. + +The search for these laws has long been begun and the new methods of +thought which history must adopt are being worked out simultaneously +with the self-destruction toward whichever dissecting and dissecting +the causes of phenomenathe old method of history is moving. + +All human sciences have traveled along that path. Arriving at +infinitesimals, mathematics, the most exact of sciences, abandons the +process of analysis and enters on the new process of the integration +of unknown, infinitely small, quantities. Abandoning the conception +of cause, mathematics seeks law, that is, the property common to all +unknown, infinitely small, elements. + +In another form but along the same path of reflection the other sciences +have proceeded. When Newton enunciated the law of gravity he did not say +that the sun or the earth had a property of attraction he said that all +bodies from the largest to the smallest have the property of attracting +one another, that is, leaving aside the question of the cause of the +movement of the bodies, he expressed the property common to all bodies +from the infinitely large to the infinitely small. The same is done by +the natural sciences leaving aside the question of cause, they seek for +laws. History stands on the same path. And if history has for its object +the study of the movement of the nations and of humanity and not the +narration of episodes in the lives of individuals, it too, setting +aside the conception of cause, should seek the laws common to all the +inseparably interconnected infinitesimal elements of free will. + + + + + +CHAPTER XII + +From the time the law of Copernicus was discovered and proved, the mere +recognition of the fact that it was not the sun but the earth that moves +sufficed to destroy the whole cosmography of the ancients. By disproving +that law it might have been possible to retain the old conception of +the movements of the bodies, but without disproving it, it would seem +impossible to continue studying the Ptolemaic worlds. But even after +the discovery of the law of Copernicus the Ptolemaic worlds were still +studied for a long time. + +From the time the first person said and proved that the number of births +or of crimes is subject to mathematical laws, and that this or that +mode of government is determined by certain geographical and economic +conditions, and that certain relations of population to soil produce +migrations of peoples, the foundations on which history had been built +were destroyed in their essence. + +By refuting these new laws the former view of history might have been +retained but without refuting them it would seem impossible to continue +studying historic events as the results of mans free will. For if a +certain mode of government was established or certain migrations +of peoples took place in consequence of such and such geographic, +ethnographic, or economic conditions, then the free will of those +individuals who appear to us to have established that mode of government +or occasioned the migrations can no longer be regarded as the cause. + +And yet the former history continues to be studied side by side with the +laws of statistics, geography, political economy, comparative philology, +and geology, which directly contradict its assumptions. + +The struggle between the old views and the new was long and stubbornly +fought out in physical philosophy. Theology stood on guard for the +old views and accused the new of violating revelation. But when truth +conquered, theology established itself just as firmly on the new +foundation. + +Just as prolonged and stubborn is the struggle now proceeding between +the old and the new conception of history, and theology in the same way +stands on guard for the old view, and accuses the new view of subverting +revelation. + +In the one case as in the other, on both sides the struggle provokes +passion and stifles truth. On the one hand there is fear and regret for +the loss of the whole edifice constructed through the ages, on the other +is the passion for destruction. + +To the men who fought against the rising truths of physical philosophy, +it seemed that if they admitted that truth it would destroy faith in +God, in the creation of the firmament, and in the miracle of Joshua the +son of Nun. To the defenders of the laws of Copernicus and Newton, to +Voltaire for example, it seemed that the laws of astronomy destroyed +religion, and he utilized the law of gravitation as a weapon against +religion. + +Just so it now seems as if we have only to admit the law of +inevitability, to destroy the conception of the soul, of good and evil, +and all the institutions of state and church that have been built up on +those conceptions. + +So too, like Voltaire in his time, uninvited defenders of the law of +inevitability today use that law as a weapon against religion, though +the law of inevitability in history, like the law of Copernicus in +astronomy, far from destroying, even strengthens the foundation on which +the institutions of state and church are erected. + +As in the question of astronomy then, so in the question of history +now, the whole difference of opinion is based on the recognition or +nonrecognition of something absolute, serving as the measure of visible +phenomena. In astronomy it was the immovability of the earth, in history +it is the independence of personalityfree will. + +As with astronomy the difficulty of recognizing the motion of the earth +lay in abandoning the immediate sensation of the earths fixity and of +the motion of the planets, so in history the difficulty of recognizing +the subjection of personality to the laws of space, time, and cause +lies in renouncing the direct feeling of the independence of ones own +personality. But as in astronomy the new view said It is true that we +do not feel the movement of the earth, but by admitting its immobility +we arrive at absurdity, while by admitting its motion (which we do not +feel) we arrive at laws, so also in history the new view says It is +true that we are not conscious of our dependence, but by admitting our +free will we arrive at absurdity, while by admitting our dependence on +the external world, on time, and on cause, we arrive at laws. + +In the first case it was necessary to renounce the consciousness of an +unreal immobility in space and to recognize a motion we did not feel +in the present case it is similarly necessary to renounce a freedom +that does not exist, and to recognize a dependence of which we are not +conscious. + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of War and Peace, by Leo Tolstoy + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAR AND PEACE *** + +***** This file should be named 2600-0.txt or 2600-0.zip ***** This and +all associated files of various formats will be found in http//www.gutenberg.org/2/6/0/2600/ + +An Anonymous Volunteer, and David Widger + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks +in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility + + http//www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including +how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to +our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + + + From 448e82fc46dd2fe5d39063df1e985a260fc1130b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yam Mesicka Date: Wed, 13 May 2020 21:17:04 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 02/47] Fix few problems in week5 notebooks --- week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb | 2 +- week5/3_Generators.ipynb | 10 +++++----- week5/resources/potter.zip | Bin 1085400 -> 2167691 bytes 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb b/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb index bf923e7..f925ed1 100644 --- a/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb +++ b/week5/2_Functions_Part_2.ipynb @@ -1491,7 +1491,7 @@ " תחזיר 44\n", "

    • \n", "
  • \n", - " הקריאה get_recipe_price({'chocolate': 18, 'milk': 8}, optional=['milk'], chocolate=300)
    \n", + " הקריאה get_recipe_price({'chocolate': 18, 'milk': 8}, optionals=['milk'], chocolate=300)
    \n", " תחזיר 54\n", "
    • \n", "
  • \n", diff --git a/week5/3_Generators.ipynb b/week5/3_Generators.ipynb index 47f8823..549e756 100644 --- a/week5/3_Generators.ipynb +++ b/week5/3_Generators.ipynb @@ -706,9 +706,9 @@ "source": [ "def find_pythagorean_triples(upper_bound=10_000):\n", " pythagorean_triples = []\n", - " for a in range(2, upper_bound):\n", - " for b in range(1, a):\n", - " for c in range(1, b):\n", + " for c in range(3, upper_bound):\n", + " for b in range(2, c):\n", + " for a in range(1, b):\n", " if a ** 2 + b **2 == c ** 2:\n", " pythagorean_triples.append((a, b, c))\n", " return pythagorean_triples\n", @@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ "
      \n", "
    • רול סושי בעל 6 יחידות הוא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה, כיוון שאפשר לחלק אותו לאדם 1, ל־2 אנשים או ל־3 אנשים. $1+2+3=6$.
      • \n", "
    • רול סושי בעל 8 יחידות הוא לא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה, כי אפשר לחלק אותו לאדם 1, ל־2 אנשים או ל־4 אנשים. $1+2+4 \\neq 8$.
      • \n", - "
    • רול בעל 12 יחידות גם הוא לא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה – $1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 \\neq 16$.
      • \n", + "
    • רול בעל 12 יחידות גם הוא לא מנה מושלמת לחלוקה – $1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 \\neq 12$.
      • \n", "
    • רול בעל 28 יחידות הוא בהחלט מנה מושלמת לחלוקה – $1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28$.
      • \n", "
    " ] @@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    \n", - " בקובץ resources/logo.png מופיע לוגו הקורס, ובתוכו מוכמנים מסרים סודיים אחדים.
    \n", + " בקובץ resources/logo.jpg מופיע לוגו הקורס, ובתוכו מוכמנים מסרים סודיים אחדים.
    \n", " המסרים הם מחרוזות באורך 5 אותיות לפחות, כתובים באותיות אנגליות קטנות בלבד ומסתיימים בסימן קריאה.\n", "

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    " From b0de59a7ced82fc178c73eff5f7fc96dc9800f24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noa Sarid <83418206+noaiz@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2024 03:13:37 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 44/47] fix: Hints should be invisible (by noaiz) Credit: @noaiz --- content/week02/7_Summary.ipynb | 6 +++--- content/week03/2_Slicing.ipynb | 2 +- content/week03/Summary.ipynb | 6 +++--- content/week05/1_Modules.ipynb | 2 +- content/week05/3_Generators.ipynb | 4 ++-- content/week05/Summary.ipynb | 4 ++-- content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb | 2 +- 7 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/week02/7_Summary.ipynb b/content/week02/7_Summary.ipynb index 49e393c..4aaed47 100644 --- a/content/week02/7_Summary.ipynb +++ b/content/week02/7_Summary.ipynb @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    \n", - " כעת ענו על השאלה הקודמת באמצעות הפונקציה שכתבתם בסעיף זה, כלומר כתבו פונקציה שמשתמשת בפונקציה המחזירה ערך בוליאני ומדפיסה בהתאם להוראת מהסעיף הקודם.
    רמז: השתמשו בערך ההחזרה של הפונקציה מהסעיף הקודם, בתוך if.

    \n" + " כעת ענו על השאלה הקודמת באמצעות הפונקציה שכתבתם בסעיף זה, כלומר כתבו פונקציה שמשתמשת בפונקציה המחזירה ערך בוליאני ומדפיסה בהתאם להוראת מהסעיף הקודם.
    רמז: השתמשו בערך ההחזרה של הפונקציה מהסעיף הקודם, בתוך if.

    \n" ] }, { @@ -659,12 +659,12 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    פונקציות שימושיות:\n", - "
    split – מתודה של string.
    \n", + "
    split – מתודה של string.
    \n", " האופרטור % (מודולו) – חשבו עם איזה מספר צריך לעשות מודולו.
    \n", " zfill – השתמשו בה במקרה שהשעה חד־ספרתית (לדוגמה 1:05 תהפוך ל־01:05)     \n", " \n", "

    רמזים נוספים:
    \n", - " מומלץ להמיר את השעה מ־string ל־int ואז לבצע את פעולות החשבון, ולבסוף להמיר חזרה ל־string\n", + " מומלץ להמיר את השעה מ־string ל־int ואז לבצע את פעולות החשבון, ולבסוף להמיר חזרה ל־string\n", " \n", "

    " ] diff --git a/content/week03/2_Slicing.ipynb b/content/week03/2_Slicing.ipynb index e6e194b..7b42698 100644 --- a/content/week03/2_Slicing.ipynb +++ b/content/week03/2_Slicing.ipynb @@ -929,7 +929,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    \n", - "רמז: המחרוזת כוללת את המילה password.\n", + "רמז: המחרוזת כוללת את המילה password.\n", "

    " ] }, diff --git a/content/week03/Summary.ipynb b/content/week03/Summary.ipynb index 0b5a0bd..790e93d 100644 --- a/content/week03/Summary.ipynb +++ b/content/week03/Summary.ipynb @@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ "

    \n", "\n", "

    \n", - " רמז: השתמשו בלולאת while\n", + " רמז: השתמשו בלולאת while\n", "

    \n" ] }, @@ -720,8 +720,8 @@ "

    רמזים:

    \n", "\n", "
      \n", - "
    • קראו את המידע מהקובץ לתוך רשימה, זכרו שכל שורה היא מחרוזת וניתן להפעיל עליה פעולות של מחרוזות כדי לחלץ את שם המשתמש.
      • \n", - "
    • כאשר פותחים קובץ במצב הוספה, ניתן להוסיף אליו נתונים מבלי למחוק את הקיימים. קראו על פונקציית open וחפשו כיצד עושים זאת.
      • \n", + "
    • קראו את המידע מהקובץ לתוך רשימה, זכרו שכל שורה היא מחרוזת וניתן להפעיל עליה פעולות של מחרוזות כדי לחלץ את שם המשתמש.
      • \n", + "
    • כאשר פותחים קובץ במצב הוספה, ניתן להוסיף אליו נתונים מבלי למחוק את הקיימים. קראו על פונקציית open וחפשו כיצד עושים זאת.
      • \n", "
    " ] }, diff --git a/content/week05/1_Modules.ipynb b/content/week05/1_Modules.ipynb index 0896d4d..84a49da 100644 --- a/content/week05/1_Modules.ipynb +++ b/content/week05/1_Modules.ipynb @@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ " התוכנה תגריל תאריך חדש שנמצא בין שני התאריכים שהמשתמש הזין כקלט.
    \n", " לדוגמה, עבור הקלטים 1912-06-23 ו־1954-06-07, פלט אפשרי הוא 1939-09-03.
    \n", " כיוון שאני הולך למכולת רק בימי שני ואני צרכן כבד של רוטב ויניגרט, אם התאריך נופל על יום שני, הדפיסו: \"אין לי ויניגרט!\"
    \n", - " רמז: קראו על EPOCH.\n", + " רמז: קראו על EPOCH.\n", "

    " ] } diff --git a/content/week05/3_Generators.ipynb b/content/week05/3_Generators.ipynb index 1e102cd..a60f56a 100644 --- a/content/week05/3_Generators.ipynb +++ b/content/week05/3_Generators.ipynb @@ -830,8 +830,8 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    \n", - " רמז: אם תנסו לחלק את המספר ב־2, ואז ב־3 (וכן הלאה), בסופו של דבר תגיעו למחלק ראשוני של המספר.
    \n", - " רמז עבה: בכל פעם שמצאתם מחלק אחד למספר, חלקו את המספר במחלק, והתחילו את החיפוש מחדש. מתי עליכם לעצור?\n", + " רמז: אם תנסו לחלק את המספר ב־2, ואז ב־3 (וכן הלאה), בסופו של דבר תגיעו למחלק ראשוני של המספר.
    \n", + " רמז עבה: בכל פעם שמצאתם מחלק אחד למספר, חלקו את המספר במחלק, והתחילו את החיפוש מחדש. מתי עליכם לעצור?\n", "

    " ] }, diff --git a/content/week05/Summary.ipynb b/content/week05/Summary.ipynb index 5c950e4..c2b302d 100644 --- a/content/week05/Summary.ipynb +++ b/content/week05/Summary.ipynb @@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ "source": [ "

    \n", " טיפ: גבו את הקבצים לפני שתתחילו לעבוד עליהם.
    \n", - " רמז: אפשר לפתוח קובצי html ידנית, כקובצי טקסט.
    \n", - " רמז 2: כיצד משנים שמות של קבצים באמצעות פייתון?\n", + " רמז: אפשר לפתוח קובצי html ידנית, כקובצי טקסט.
    \n", + " רמז 2: כיצד משנים שמות של קבצים באמצעות פייתון?\n", "

    " ] }, diff --git a/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb b/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb index a7772da..3f4570e 100644 --- a/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb +++ b/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb @@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ "source": [ "

    \n", " כמה זמן בממוצע נמשך חיפוש המילה ברשימה? ובקבוצה?
    \n", - " רמז: השתמשו במודול time.\n", + " רמז: השתמשו במודול time.\n", "

    " ] }, From 1eadf757422ac30883266c613b843dcda750159b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noa Sarid <83418206+noaiz@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2024 03:16:17 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 45/47] fix: Path to correspond with file name in resources (#68) --- content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb b/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb index 3f4570e..7483d21 100644 --- a/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb +++ b/content/week06/1_Sets.ipynb @@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ " return path1_files & path2_files\n", "\n", "\n", - "common_filenames('images', 'resources/week05_images')" + "common_filenames('images', 'resources/week5_images')" ] }, { From d06406302154d4f035a408577ef91e1a64a09a79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Noa Sarid <83418206+noaiz@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2024 02:28:04 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 46/47] fix: change variable name to not be python's built-in function name (#69) --- content/week06/2_Functional_Behavior.ipynb | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/week06/2_Functional_Behavior.ipynb b/content/week06/2_Functional_Behavior.ipynb index d09317f..7a4dc99 100644 --- a/content/week06/2_Functional_Behavior.ipynb +++ b/content/week06/2_Functional_Behavior.ipynb @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

    \n", - " כתבו generator בשם apply שמקבל כפרמטר ראשון פונקציה (func), וכפרמטר שני iterable (iter).
    \n", + " כתבו generator בשם apply שמקבל כפרמטר ראשון פונקציה (func), וכפרמטר שני iterable (iterable).
    \n", " עבור כל איבר ב־iterable, ה־generator יניב את האיבר אחרי שהופעלה עליו הפונקציה func, דהיינו – func(item).
    \n", "

    " ] From 5605aee3d59df6de296c93a153d40ca803e3f774 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dankeyy Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2025 21:29:17 +0300 Subject: [PATCH 47/47] fix(solutions): LSD expected output --- content/week04/Summary.ipynb | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/content/week04/Summary.ipynb b/content/week04/Summary.ipynb index a3a6b24..faf4f85 100644 --- a/content/week04/Summary.ipynb +++ b/content/week04/Summary.ipynb @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ "source": [ "False\n", "True\n", - "False" + "True" ] }, {

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