diff --git a/ClosestPair/ClosestPair.java b/ClosestPair/ClosestPair.java deleted file mode 100644 index 760ef7fd0c5d..000000000000 --- a/ClosestPair/ClosestPair.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,211 +0,0 @@ -import java.io.*; -import java.util.*; - -public class ClosestPair { - static int count = 0;// array length - static int secondCount = 0;// array length - static Location array[] = new Location[10000]; - static Location point1 = null; // Minimum point coordinate - static Location point2 = null; // Minimum point coordinate - static double minNum = Double.MAX_VALUE;// Minimum point length - - private static class Location { // Location class - double x = 0, y = 0; - - public Location(double x, double y) { //Save x, y coordinates - this.x = x; - this.y = y; - } - } - - public static int xPartition(Location[] a, int first, int last) { // x-axis Quick Sorting - Location pivot = a[last]; // pivot - int pIndex = last; - int i = first - 1; - Location temp; // Temporarily store the value for position transformation - for (int j = first; j <= last - 1; j++) { - if (a[j].x <= pivot.x) { // Less than or less than pivot - i++; - temp = a[i]; // array[i] <-> array[j] - a[i] = a[j]; - a[j] = temp; - } - } - i++; - temp = a[i];// array[pivot] <-> array[i] - a[i] = a[pIndex]; - a[pIndex] = temp; - return i;// pivot index - } - public static int yPartition(Location[] a, int first, int last) { //y-axis Quick Sorting - Location pivot = a[last]; // pivot - int pIndex = last; - int i = first - 1; - Location temp; // Temporarily store the value for position transformation - for (int j = first; j <= last - 1; j++) { - if (a[j].y <= pivot.y) { // Less than or less than pivot - i++; - temp = a[i]; // array[i] <-> array[j] - a[i] = a[j]; - a[j] = temp; - } - } - i++; - temp = a[i];// array[pivot] <-> array[i] - a[i] = a[pIndex]; - a[pIndex] = temp; - return i;// pivot index - } - - public static void xQuickSort(Location[] a, int first, int last) { //x-axis Quick Sorting - if (first < last) { - int q = xPartition(a, first, last); // pivot - xQuickSort(a, first, q - 1); // Left - xQuickSort(a, q + 1, last); // Right - } - } - - public static void yQuickSort(Location[] a, int first, int last) { //y-axis Quick Sorting - if (first < last) { - int q = yPartition(a, first, last); // pivot - yQuickSort(a, first, q - 1); // Left - yQuickSort(a, q + 1, last); // Right - } - } - - public static double closestPair(Location[] a, int indexNum, int first, int last) {// closestPair - Location divideArray[] = new Location[indexNum]; // array stored before divide - System.arraycopy(a, 0, divideArray, 0, indexNum); // Copy from previous array - - int totalNum = indexNum; // number of coordinates in the divideArray array - int divideX = indexNum / 2; // Intermediate value for divide - Location leftArray[] = new Location[divideX]; //divide - left array - Location rightArray[] = new Location[totalNum - divideX]; //divide - right array - - if (indexNum <= 3) { // If the number of coordinates is 3 or less - return bruteForce(divideArray); - } - System.arraycopy(divideArray, 0, leftArray, 0, divideX); //divide - left array - System.arraycopy(divideArray, divideX, rightArray, 0, totalNum - divideX); //divide - right array - - double minLeftArea = 0; //Minimum length of left array - double minRightArea = 0; //Minimum length of right array - double minValue = 0; //Minimum lengt - - minLeftArea = closestPair(leftArray, divideX, 0, divideX - 1); // recursive closestPair - minRightArea = closestPair(rightArray, totalNum - divideX, divideX, totalNum - divideX - 1); - minValue = Math.min(minLeftArea, minRightArea);// window size (= minimum length) - - // Create window - for (int i = 0; i < totalNum; i++) { // Set the size for creating a window and creating a new array for the coordinates in the window - double xGap = Math.abs(divideArray[divideX].x - divideArray[i].x); - if (xGap < minValue) { - secondCount++; // size of the array - } else { - if (divideArray[i].x > divideArray[divideX].x) { - break; - } - } - } - Location firstWindow[] = new Location[secondCount]; // new array for coordinates in window - int k = 0; - for (int i = 0; i < totalNum; i++) { - double xGap = Math.abs(divideArray[divideX].x - divideArray[i].x); - if (xGap < minValue) { // if it's inside a window - firstWindow[k] = divideArray[i]; // put in an array - k++; - } else { - if (divideArray[i].x > divideArray[divideX].x) { - break; - } - } - } - yQuickSort(firstWindow, 0, secondCount - 1);// Sort by y coordinates - / * Coordinates in Window * / - double length = 0; - for (int i = 0; i < secondCount - 1; i++) { // size comparison within window - for (int j = (i + 1); j < secondCount; j++) { - double xGap = Math.abs(firstWindow[i].x - firstWindow[j].x); - double yGap = Math.abs(firstWindow[i].y - firstWindow[j].y); - if (yGap < minValue) { - length = (double) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); - if (length < minValue) { // If the measured distance is less than the current minimum distance - minValue = length;// Change minimum distance to current distance - if (length < minNum) { // Conditional statement for registering final coordinate - minNum = length; - point1 = firstWindow[i]; - point2 = firstWindow[j]; - } - } - } - else - break; - } - } - secondCount = 0; - return minValue; - } - - public static double bruteForce(Location[] array) { // When the number of coordinates is less than 3 - double minValue = Double.MAX_VALUE; // minimum distance - double length = 0; - double xGap = 0, yGap = 0; // Difference between x, y coordinates - if (array.length == 2) { // When there are two coordinates - xGap = (array[0].x - array[1].x); // Difference between x coordinates - yGap = (array[0].y - array[1].y); // Difference between y coordinates - length = (double) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); // distance between coordinates - if (length < minNum) { // Conditional statement for registering final coordinate - minNum = length; - point1 = array[0]; - point2 = array[1]; - } - return length; - } else if (array.length == 3) { // When there are 3 coordinates - for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) { - for (int j = (i + 1); j < array.length; j++) { - xGap = (array[i].x - array[j].x); // Difference between x coordinates - yGap = (array[i].y - array[j].y); // Difference between y coordinates - length = (double) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); // distance between coordinates - if (length < minValue) { // If the measured distance is less than the current minimum distance - minValue = length; // Change minimum distance to current distance - if (length < minNum) { // Conditional statement for registering final coordinate - minNum = length; - point1 = array[i]; - point2 = array[j]; - } - } - } - } - return minValue; - } - return minValue; - } - - public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { - // TODO Auto-generated method stub - StringTokenizer token; - - BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("closest_data.txt")); - //Input data consists of one x-coordinate and one y-coordinate - String ch; - - System.out.println("Input data"); - while ((ch = in.readLine()) != null) { - token = new StringTokenizer(ch, " "); - - array[count] = new Location(Double.parseDouble(token.nextToken()), Double.parseDouble(token.nextToken())); // put in an array - count++; // the number of coordinates actually in the array - System.out.println("x: "+array[count - 1].x + ", y: " + array[count - 1].y); - } - - xQuickSort(array, 0, count - 1); // Sorting by x value - - double result; // minimum distance - result = closestPair(array, count, 0, count - 1); // ClosestPair start - System.out.println("Output Data");// minimum distance coordinates and distance output - System.out.println("(" + point1.x + ", " + point1.y + ")"); - System.out.println("(" + point2.x + ", " + point2.y + ")"); - System.out.println("Minimum Distance : " + result); - - } -} diff --git a/ClosestPair/closest_data.txt b/ClosestPair/closest_data.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8ebef63f4a66..000000000000 --- a/ClosestPair/closest_data.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -2 3 -2 16 -3 9 -6 3 -7 7 -9 12 -10 11 -15 2 -15 19 -16 11 -17 13 -19 4 diff --git a/DataStructures/HashMap/HashMap.java b/DataStructures/HashMap/HashMap.java deleted file mode 100644 index 1cce6260e52c..000000000000 --- a/DataStructures/HashMap/HashMap.java +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ -<<<<<<< HEAD:Data Structures/HashMap/HashMap.java - - -import java.util.ArrayList; -import java.util.LinkedList; - -public class HashMap { - public class hmnodes{ //HashMap nodes - K key; - V value; - } - - private int size=0; //size of hashmap - private LinkedList buckets[]; //array of addresses of list - - public HashMap(){ - buckets=new LinkedList[4]; //initially create bucket of any size - for(int i=0;i<4;i++) - buckets[i]=new LinkedList<>(); - } - - public void put(K key,V value) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); //find the index,the new key will be inserted in linklist at that index - int fountAt=find(bi,key); //check if key already exists or not - if(fountAt==-1){ - hmnodes temp=new hmnodes(); //if doesn't exist create new node and insert - temp.key=key; - temp.value=value; - buckets[bi].addLast(temp); - this.size++; - }else{ - buckets[bi].get(fountAt).value=value;//if already exist modify the value - } - - double lambda = (this.size*1.0)/this.buckets.length; - if(lambda>2.0){ - rehash(); //rehashing function which will increase the size of bucket as soon as lambda exceeds 2.0 - } - - return; - } - - - public V get(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return null; - }else{ - return buckets[bi].get(fountAt).value; - } - } - - public V remove(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return null; - }else{ - this.size--; - return buckets[bi].remove(fountAt).value; - } - } - - public boolean containskey(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return false; - }else{ - return true; - } - } - - public int size(){ - return this.size; - } - - - public boolean isempty(){ - return this.size==0; - } - - public ArrayList keyset() throws Exception{ - ArrayList arr=new ArrayList<>(); - for(int i=0;i valueset() throws Exception{ - ArrayList arr=new ArrayList<>(); - for(int i=0;i"+temp.value+"]"); - } - System.out.println(); - } - } - - public int find(int bi,K key) throws Exception{ - for(int i=0;i ob[]= buckets; - buckets=new LinkedList[ob.length*2]; - for(int i=0;i(); - - size = 0; - for(int i=0;i { - public class hmnodes{ //HashMap nodes - K key; - V value; - } - - private int size=0; //size of hashmap - private LinkedList buckets[]; //array of addresses of list - - public HashMap(){ - buckets=new LinkedList[4]; //initially create bucket of any size - for(int i=0;i<4;i++) - buckets[i]=new LinkedList<>(); - } - - public void put(K key,V value) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); //find the index,the new key will be inserted in linklist at that index - int fountAt=find(bi,key); //check if key already exists or not - if(fountAt==-1){ - hmnodes temp=new hmnodes(); //if doesn't exist create new node and insert - temp.key=key; - temp.value=value; - buckets[bi].addLast(temp); - this.size++; - }else{ - buckets[bi].get(fountAt).value=value;//if already exist modify the value - } - - double lambda = (this.size*1.0)/this.buckets.length; - if(lambda>2.0){ - rehash(); //rehashing function which will increase the size of bucket as soon as lambda exceeds 2.0 - } - - return; - } - - - public V get(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return null; - }else{ - return buckets[bi].get(fountAt).value; - } - } - - public V remove(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return null; - }else{ - this.size--; - return buckets[bi].remove(fountAt).value; - } - } - - public boolean containskey(K key) throws Exception{ - int bi=bucketIndex(key); - int fountAt=find(bi,key); - if(fountAt==-1){ - return false; - }else{ - return true; - } - } - - public int size(){ - return this.size; - } - - - public boolean isempty(){ - return this.size==0; - } - - public ArrayList keyset() throws Exception{ - ArrayList arr=new ArrayList<>(); - for(int i=0;i valueset() throws Exception{ - ArrayList arr=new ArrayList<>(); - for(int i=0;i"+temp.value+"]"); - } - System.out.println(); - } - } - - public int find(int bi,K key) throws Exception{ - for(int i=0;i ob[]= buckets; - buckets=new LinkedList[ob.length*2]; - for(int i=0;i(); - - size = 0; - for(int i=0;i>>>>>> 7e3a8c55c865471a33f6932a022a1059c5243fc3:data_structures/HashMap/HashMap.java diff --git a/DataStructures/Matrix/MatrixFastPower.java b/DataStructures/Matrix/MatrixFastPower.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..19f8528a36ec --- /dev/null +++ b/DataStructures/Matrix/MatrixFastPower.java @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +/** + * + * Java implementation of Matrix fast power + * It can calculate the high power of constant Matrix with O( log(K) ) + * where K is the power of the Matrix + * + * In order to do that, Matrix must be square Matrix ( columns equals rows) + * + * Notice : large power of Matrix may cause overflow + * + * + * other Matrix basic operator is based on @author Kyler Smith, 2017 + * + * @author DDullahan, 2018 + * + */ + +class MatrixFastPower { + + /** + * Matrix Fast Power + * + * @param matrix : square Matrix + * @param k : power of Matrix + * @return product + */ + public static Matrix FastPower(Matrix matrix, int k) throws RuntimeException { + + if(matrix.getColumns() != matrix.getRows()) + throw new RuntimeException("Matrix is not square Matrix."); + + int[][] newData = new int[matrix.getColumns()][matrix.getRows()]; + + for(int i = 0; i < matrix.getColumns(); i++) + newData[i][i] = 1; + + Matrix newMatrix = new Matrix(newData), + coMatrix = new Matrix(matrix.data); + + while(k != 0) { + + if((k & 1) != 0) + newMatrix = newMatrix.multiply(coMatrix); + + k >>= 1; + coMatrix = coMatrix.multiply(coMatrix); + + } + + return newMatrix; + } + + public static void main(String[] argv) { + + int[][] data = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}; + Matrix matrix = new Matrix(data); + + System.out.println("original matrix : "); + System.out.println(matrix.toString()); + + matrix = MatrixFastPower.FastPower(matrix, 5); + + System.out.println("after power : "); + System.out.println(matrix.toString()); + + matrix = MatrixFastPower.FastPower(matrix, 1000000); + + System.out.println("notice, large power may cause overflow : "); + System.out.print(matrix.toString()); + System.out.println("you can use mod to fix that :-) "); + + } +} +class Matrix { + public int[][] data; + + /** + * Constructor for the matrix takes in a 2D array + * + * @param pData + */ + public Matrix(int[][] pData) { + + /** Make a deep copy of the data */ + if(pData.length != 0) { + int[][] newData = new int[pData.length][pData[0].length]; + + for(int i = 0; i < pData.length; i++) + for(int j = 0; j < pData[0].length; j++) + newData[i][j] = pData[i][j]; + + this.data = newData; + } else { + this.data = null; + } + } + + /** + * Returns the element specified by the given location + * + * @param x : x cooridinate + * @param y : y cooridinate + * @return int : value at location + */ + public int getElement(int x, int y) { + return data[x][y]; + } + + /** + * Returns the number of rows in the Matrix + * + * @return rows + */ + public int getRows() { + if(this.data == null) + return 0; + + return data.length; + } + + /** + * Returns the number of rows in the Matrix + * + * @return columns + */ + public int getColumns() { + if(this.data == null) + return 0; + + return data[0].length; + } + + /** + * Multiplies this matrix with another matrix. + * + * @param other : Matrix to be multiplied with + * @return product + */ + public Matrix multiply(Matrix other) throws RuntimeException { + + int[][] newData = new int[this.data.length][other.getColumns()]; + + if(this.getColumns() != other.getRows()) + throw new RuntimeException("The two matrices cannot be multiplied."); + + int sum; + + for (int i = 0; i < this.getRows(); ++i) + for(int j = 0; j < other.getColumns(); ++j) { + sum = 0; + + for(int k = 0; k < this.getColumns(); ++k) { + sum += this.data[i][k] * other.getElement(k, j); + } + + newData[i][j] = sum; + } + + return new Matrix(newData); + } + + /** + * Returns the Matrix as a String in the following format + * + * [ a b c ] ... + * [ x y z ] ... + * [ i j k ] ... + * ... + * + * @return Matrix as String + * TODO: Work formatting for different digit sizes + */ + public String toString() { + String str = ""; + + for(int i = 0; i < this.data.length; i++) { + str += "[ "; + + for(int j = 0; j < this.data[0].length; j++) { + str += data[i][j]; + str += " "; + } + + str += "]"; + str += "\n"; + } + + return str; + } + +} diff --git a/DataStructures/Trees/GenericTree.Java b/DataStructures/Trees/GenericTree.Java index 16ab5fb53b1e..cc592e04082e 100644 --- a/DataStructures/Trees/GenericTree.Java +++ b/DataStructures/Trees/GenericTree.Java @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Scanner; -public class treeclass { +public class GenericTree { private class Node { int data; ArrayList child = new ArrayList<>(); @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class treeclass { I have done this, while calling from main one have to give minimum parameters. */ - public treeclass() { //Constructor + public GenericTree() { //Constructor Scanner scn = new Scanner(System.in); root = create_treeG(null, 0, scn); } diff --git a/DataStructures/Trees/LevelOrderTraversal.java b/DataStructures/Trees/LevelOrderTraversal.java index 8cb304f18c8f..1f657d92be97 100644 --- a/DataStructures/Trees/LevelOrderTraversal.java +++ b/DataStructures/Trees/LevelOrderTraversal.java @@ -37,14 +37,10 @@ int height(Node root) return 0; else { - /* compute height of each subtree */ - int lheight = height(root.left); - int rheight = height(root.right); - - /* use the larger one */ - if (lheight > rheight) - return(lheight+1); - else return(rheight+1); + /** + * Return the height of larger subtree + */ + return Math.max(height(root.left),height(root.right)) + 1; } } @@ -75,4 +71,4 @@ public static void main(String args[]) System.out.println("Level order traversal of binary tree is "); tree.printLevelOrder(); } -} \ No newline at end of file +} diff --git a/Dynamic Programming/CoinChange.java b/Dynamic Programming/CoinChange.java index f4cda7203b7c..e9d3689d9952 100644 --- a/Dynamic Programming/CoinChange.java +++ b/Dynamic Programming/CoinChange.java @@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ public class CoinChange { public static void main(String[] args) { int amount = 12; - int[] coins = {1, 2, 5}; + int[] coins = {2, 4, 5}; System.out.println("Number of combinations of getting change for " + amount + " is: " + change(coins, amount)); + System.out.println("Minimum number of coins required for amount :" + amount + " is: " + minimumCoins(coins, amount)); + } /** @@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ public static int change(int[] coins, int amount) { for (int coin : coins) { for (int i=coin; i num2) + num1 -= num2; + else + num2 -= num1; } - return num2; + + return num1; } - public static int gcd(int[] number) { - int result = number[0]; - for(int i = 1; i < number.length; i++) - //call gcd function (input two value) - result = gcd(result, number[i]); - - return result; - } - - public static void main(String[] args) { - int[] myIntArray = {4,16,32}; - //call gcd function (input array) - System.out.println(gcd(myIntArray)); + + public static int gcd(int[] number) { + int result = number[0]; + for (int i = 1; i < number.length; i++) + // call gcd function (input two value) + result = gcd(result, number[i]); + + return result; + } + + public static void main(String[] args) { + int[] myIntArray = { 4, 16, 32 }; + + // call gcd function (input array) + System.out.println(gcd(myIntArray)); // => 4 + System.out.printf("gcd(40,24)=%d gcd(24,40)=%d\n", gcd(40, 24), gcd(24, 40)); // => 8 } } diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index ce2cdec5e76a..c11c573e3d53 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ -# The Algorithms - Java [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/TheAlgorithms/Java.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/TheAlgorithms/Java) +# The Algorithms - Java + +## A [Development](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/tree/Development) branch is made for this repo where we are trying to migrate the existing project to a Java project structure. You can switch to [Development](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/tree/Development) branch for contributions. Please refer [this issue](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/issues/474) for more info. ### All algorithms implemented in Java (for education) diff --git a/divideconquer/ClosestPair.java b/divideconquer/ClosestPair.java new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..93a5d164dd88 --- /dev/null +++ b/divideconquer/ClosestPair.java @@ -0,0 +1,348 @@ +package divideconquer; + +/** + +* For a set of points in a coordinates system (10000 maximum), +* ClosestPair class calculates the two closest points. + +* @author: anonymous +* @author: Marisa Afuera +*/ + + public final class ClosestPair { + + + /** Number of points */ + int numberPoints = 0; + /** Input data, maximum 10000. */ + private Location[] array; + /** Minimum point coordinate. */ + Location point1 = null; + /** Minimum point coordinate. */ + Location point2 = null; + /** Minimum point length. */ + private static double minNum = Double.MAX_VALUE; + /** secondCount */ + private static int secondCount = 0; + + /** + * Constructor. + */ + ClosestPair(int points) { + numberPoints = points; + array = new Location[numberPoints]; + } + + /** + Location class is an auxiliary type to keep points coordinates. + */ + + public static class Location { + + double x = 0; + double y = 0; + + /** + * @param xpar (IN Parameter) x coordinate
+ * @param ypar (IN Parameter) y coordinate
+ */ + + Location(final double xpar, final double ypar) { //Save x, y coordinates + this.x = xpar; + this.y = ypar; + } + + } + + public Location[] createLocation(int numberValues) { + return new Location[numberValues]; + + } + + public Location buildLocation(double x, double y){ + return new Location(x,y); + } + + + /** xPartition function: arrange x-axis. + * @param a (IN Parameter) array of points
+ * @param first (IN Parameter) first point
+ * @param last (IN Parameter) last point
+ * @return pivot index + */ + + public int xPartition( + final Location[] a, final int first, final int last) { + + Location pivot = a[last]; // pivot + int pIndex = last; + int i = first - 1; + Location temp; // Temporarily store value for position transformation + for (int j = first; j <= last - 1; j++) { + if (a[j].x <= pivot.x) { // Less than or less than pivot + i++; + temp = a[i]; // array[i] <-> array[j] + a[i] = a[j]; + a[j] = temp; + } + } + i++; + temp = a[i]; // array[pivot] <-> array[i] + a[i] = a[pIndex]; + a[pIndex] = temp; + return i; // pivot index + } + + /** yPartition function: arrange y-axis. + * @param a (IN Parameter) array of points
+ * @param first (IN Parameter) first point
+ * @param last (IN Parameter) last point
+ * @return pivot index + */ + + public int yPartition( + final Location[] a, final int first, final int last) { + + Location pivot = a[last]; // pivot + int pIndex = last; + int i = first - 1; + Location temp; // Temporarily store value for position transformation + for (int j = first; j <= last - 1; j++) { + if (a[j].y <= pivot.y) { // Less than or less than pivot + i++; + temp = a[i]; // array[i] <-> array[j] + a[i] = a[j]; + a[j] = temp; + } + } + i++; + temp = a[i]; // array[pivot] <-> array[i] + a[i] = a[pIndex]; + a[pIndex] = temp; + return i; // pivot index + } + + /** xQuickSort function: //x-axis Quick Sorting. + * @param a (IN Parameter) array of points
+ * @param first (IN Parameter) first point
+ * @param last (IN Parameter) last point
+ */ + + public void xQuickSort( + final Location[] a, final int first, final int last) { + + if (first < last) { + int q = xPartition(a, first, last); // pivot + xQuickSort(a, first, q - 1); // Left + xQuickSort(a, q + 1, last); // Right + } + } + + /** yQuickSort function: //y-axis Quick Sorting. + * @param a (IN Parameter) array of points
+ * @param first (IN Parameter) first point
+ * @param last (IN Parameter) last point
+ */ + + public void yQuickSort( + final Location[] a, final int first, final int last) { + + if (first < last) { + int q = yPartition(a, first, last); // pivot + yQuickSort(a, first, q - 1); // Left + yQuickSort(a, q + 1, last); // Right + } + } + + /** closestPair function: find closest pair. + * @param a (IN Parameter) array stored before divide
+ * @param indexNum (IN Parameter) number coordinates divideArray
+ * @return minimum distance
+ */ + + public double closestPair(final Location[] a, final int indexNum) { + + Location[] divideArray = new Location[indexNum]; + System.arraycopy(a, 0, divideArray, 0, indexNum); // Copy previous array + int totalNum = indexNum; // number of coordinates in the divideArray + int divideX = indexNum / 2; // Intermediate value for divide + Location[] leftArray = new Location[divideX]; //divide - left array + //divide-right array + Location[] rightArray = new Location[totalNum - divideX]; + if (indexNum <= 3) { // If the number of coordinates is 3 or less + return bruteForce(divideArray); + } + //divide-left array + System.arraycopy(divideArray, 0, leftArray, 0, divideX); + //divide-right array + System.arraycopy( + divideArray, divideX, rightArray, 0, totalNum - divideX); + + double minLeftArea = 0; //Minimum length of left array + double minRightArea = 0; //Minimum length of right array + double minValue = 0; //Minimum lengt + + minLeftArea = closestPair(leftArray, divideX); // recursive closestPair + minRightArea = closestPair(rightArray, totalNum - divideX); + // window size (= minimum length) + minValue = Math.min(minLeftArea, minRightArea); + + // Create window. Set the size for creating a window + // and creating a new array for the coordinates in the window + for (int i = 0; i < totalNum; i++) { + double xGap = Math.abs(divideArray[divideX].x - divideArray[i].x); + if (xGap < minValue) { + secondCount++; // size of the array + } else { + if (divideArray[i].x > divideArray[divideX].x) { + break; + } + } + } + // new array for coordinates in window + Location[] firstWindow = new Location[secondCount]; + int k = 0; + for (int i = 0; i < totalNum; i++) { + double xGap = Math.abs(divideArray[divideX].x - divideArray[i].x); + if (xGap < minValue) { // if it's inside a window + firstWindow[k] = divideArray[i]; // put in an array + k++; + } else { + if (divideArray[i].x > divideArray[divideX].x) { + break; + } + } + } + yQuickSort(firstWindow, 0, secondCount - 1); // Sort by y coordinates + /* Coordinates in Window */ + double length = 0; + // size comparison within window + for (int i = 0; i < secondCount - 1; i++) { + for (int j = (i + 1); j < secondCount; j++) { + double xGap = Math.abs(firstWindow[i].x - firstWindow[j].x); + double yGap = Math.abs(firstWindow[i].y - firstWindow[j].y); + if (yGap < minValue) { + length = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); + // If measured distance is less than current min distance + if (length < minValue) { + // Change minimum distance to current distance + minValue = length; + // Conditional for registering final coordinate + if (length < minNum) { + minNum = length; + point1 = firstWindow[i]; + point2 = firstWindow[j]; + } + } + } + else { + break; + } + } + } + secondCount = 0; + return minValue; + } + + /** bruteForce function: When the number of coordinates is less than 3. + * @param arrayParam (IN Parameter) array stored before divide
+ * @return
+ */ + + public double bruteForce(final Location[] arrayParam) { + + double minValue = Double.MAX_VALUE; // minimum distance + double length = 0; + double xGap = 0; // Difference between x coordinates + double yGap = 0; // Difference between y coordinates + double result = 0; + + if (arrayParam.length == 2) { + // Difference between x coordinates + xGap = (arrayParam[0].x - arrayParam[1].x); + // Difference between y coordinates + yGap = (arrayParam[0].y - arrayParam[1].y); + // distance between coordinates + length = Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); + // Conditional statement for registering final coordinate + if (length < minNum) { + minNum = length; + + } + point1 = arrayParam[0]; + point2 = arrayParam[1]; + result = length; + } + if (arrayParam.length == 3) { + for (int i = 0; i < arrayParam.length - 1; i++) { + for (int j = (i + 1); j < arrayParam.length; j++) { + // Difference between x coordinates + xGap = (arrayParam[i].x - arrayParam[j].x); + // Difference between y coordinates + yGap = (arrayParam[i].y - arrayParam[j].y); + // distance between coordinates + length = + Math.sqrt(Math.pow(xGap, 2) + Math.pow(yGap, 2)); + // If measured distance is less than current min distance + if (length < minValue) { + // Change minimum distance to current distance + minValue = length; + if (length < minNum) { + // Registering final coordinate + minNum = length; + point1 = arrayParam[i]; + point2 = arrayParam[j]; + } + } + } + } + result = minValue; + + } + return result; // If only one point returns 0. + } + + /** main function: execute class. + * @param args (IN Parameter)
+ * @throws IOException If an input or output + * exception occurred + */ + + public static void main(final String[] args) { + + //Input data consists of one x-coordinate and one y-coordinate + + ClosestPair cp = new ClosestPair(12); + cp.array[0]=cp.buildLocation(2,3); + cp.array[1]=cp.buildLocation(2,16); + cp.array[2]=cp.buildLocation(3,9); + cp.array[3]=cp.buildLocation(6,3); + cp.array[4]=cp.buildLocation(7,7); + cp.array[5]=cp.buildLocation(19,4); + cp.array[6]=cp.buildLocation(10,11); + cp.array[7]=cp.buildLocation(15,2); + cp.array[8]=cp.buildLocation(15,19); + cp.array[9]=cp.buildLocation(16,11); + cp.array[10]=cp.buildLocation(17,13); + cp.array[11]=cp.buildLocation(9,12); + + System.out.println("Input data"); + System.out.println("Number of points: "+ cp.array.length); + for (int i=0;i