diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5cc5ec --- /dev/null +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: febcdadbd6dd97bcf8e3ac6023743d77 +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 8698627..0000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation -# - -# You can set these variables from the command line. -SPHINXOPTS = -SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build -SPHINXPROJ = Py310-Fall2020 -SOURCEDIR = notes -BUILDDIR = build - -# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help". -help: - @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) - -.PHONY: help Makefile - -# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new -# "make mode" option. $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS). -%: Makefile - @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Readme.rst b/Readme.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 1f2ccc1..0000000 --- a/Readme.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -################ -Class Repository -################ - -Class notes are published here: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert-classrepos.github.io/Python310-Fall-2020 - -This repository is used for notes, examples, and solutions for the -Fall 2020 online section of University of Washington Continuing and Professional -Education Python Certificate program. - -https://www.pce.uw.edu/certificates/python-programming - -Structure of the Repo -===================== - -The class repo has three top level directories: - -* `examples`: Used to store example code and example documents for the class. - -* `solutions`: Used to post solutions to the exercises. - -* `notes`: These are notes used for each class session - diff --git a/notes/_static/python.png b/_images/python.png similarity index 100% rename from notes/_static/python.png rename to _images/python.png diff --git a/notes/_static/test_joke.jpeg b/_images/test_joke.jpeg similarity index 100% rename from notes/_static/test_joke.jpeg rename to _images/test_joke.jpeg diff --git a/notes/index.rst b/_sources/index.rst.txt similarity index 60% rename from notes/index.rst rename to _sources/index.rst.txt index 66ef7ab..3ea6619 100644 --- a/notes/index.rst +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -3,6 +3,14 @@ Intro to Python: Fall 2020 Online ################################# +Notes, etc for UWPCE Fall class of Py310: Programming in Python + +These notes are rendered from this gitHub repo: + +https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert-ClassRepos/Python310-Fall-2020 + +You can go there for examples and Solutions as well. + Notes for each Lesson ===================== diff --git a/notes/lesson01.rst b/_sources/lesson01.rst.txt similarity index 71% rename from notes/lesson01.rst rename to _sources/lesson01.rst.txt index 62a5904..39c9cc3 100644 --- a/notes/lesson01.rst +++ b/_sources/lesson01.rst.txt @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ .. _notes_lesson01: -##################################################################### -Introduction to the the Python Certificate: Online version: Fall 2020 -##################################################################### +######################################################## +10/13/2020: Introduction to Py310: Programming in Python +######################################################## In which you are introduced to this class, your instructors, your environment and your new best friend, Python. @@ -19,11 +19,17 @@ In which you are introduced to this class, your instructors, your environment an .. _xkcd.com/353: http://xkcd.com/353 + +The goal of this lesson is get us all familiar with each other, the class, and all teh tools and systems we'll need to conduct the class. That is, at the end of this lesson we can start the actual learning about Python :-) Who are we? =========== -Introduction to your instructors. +Introduction to your instructors: + +Chris + +Subhiksha Who are you? @@ -43,7 +49,10 @@ Tell us a tiny bit about yourself: * Name * Programming background: what languages have you used? * Why do you want to learn Python? -* what's your favorite coffee shop or bar -- or was, before the Pandemic. +* What's your favorite coffee shop or bar -- or was, before the Pandemic. + +* What is your gitHub handle -- if you already have one. + If not, send it to us when you get it: ``pythonCHB@gmail.com`` Introduction to This Class @@ -53,8 +62,9 @@ The overall class is managed by a learning management system -- Canvas. You should have gotten a link to the instance for the class sent to you. -Is eveyone "hooked up" to Canvas? +Is everyone "hooked up" to Canvas? +NOTE: I'm not a big Canvas fan: it's where to go to find assignemnts and get on teh Zoom, etc, but much of our interaction will be via programming tools, like gitHub, rather than Canvas. Class Structure --------------- @@ -71,14 +81,14 @@ And class time will be spent primarily coding: * Lots of demos * Working on Coding Exercises: - On your own, with us to help - - In small groups + - In small groups (breakout groups on Zoom) - Instructor led. This means that you are expected to complete the reading (and video watching) BEFORE each class. That way, we don't have to take class time introducing the basic material and can focus on questions and applying what you've read about. Interrupt us with questions -- please! -The TA will be monitoring Zoom chat +Subhiksha will be monitoring Zoom chat (Some of the best learning prompted by questions) @@ -92,11 +102,14 @@ Homework: * You are adults -- it's up to you to do the homework. But if you don't code, you won't learn to code. And we can't give you a certificate if you haven't demonstrated that you've done the work. -* To submit your work, we willuse gitHub Classroom: +* To submit your work, we will use gitHub Classroom: :ref:`github_classroom` -We'll playaround withthis in this session so we can get the hang of it. +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/github_classroom.html + + +We'll play around with this in this session so we can get the hang of it. It's new to me, too! @@ -106,12 +119,20 @@ Communication MS Teams: -We have set up MS Teams for this class -- please make sure you are on it! +We have set up an MS Team for this class: + +`MS Team for Pyy310 Fall 2020 `_ + +Most of you are already members (with your uw email), but if not, I think you can go to that link and request to join. + Anything Python related is fair game. Questions and discussion about the assignments are encouraged. We highly encourage you to work together. You will learn at a much deeper level if you work together, and it gets you ready to collaborate with colleagues. +I will also send occasional email out to the whole class -- make sure I have the email address you want me to use. (I've got your uw email addresses now). + + Office Hours ------------ diff --git a/_sources/lesson02.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson02.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb8a366 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson02.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson02: + +######################################## +10/20/2020: And now on to actual coding! +######################################## + + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +NOTE: I need to remember to start recording the session -- so each class, feel free to pipe up and remind me! + +And use the chat to inject questions: Subhiksha will be monitoring it. + +Also: I'll try to have a break every hour -- ping me if I forget! + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Up today: + +| Angela J Asgekar +| +| Kalana De Silva +| +| Devin Kiehl Duval +| +| Jason Emmett Hill +| + +Are you ready? We'll do them somewhere in the middle of the lesson. + + +Introductions: +============== + +Your TA: Subhiksha Mukuntharaj + +A few students that didn't get a chance to introduce themsleves last class: + +A tiny bit about yourself, your programming background, and why you want to learn Python. And your gitHub handle. + +- Sopheaktr L Danh +- Nathan Marc Debard +- Jin Han +- James Roefs +- Hua Shao +- Quinn Yackulic + + +Getting set up, and Infrastructure +================================== + +The primary goal of last week was to get you all set up to do development in Python. There were two components of that + + +1) Your Workstation Development Environment +------------------------------------------- + +You should all be now set up to run Create, Edit, and Run Python files, and have git running locally: + +* Programmer's Text Editor with linting enabled. + +* Command line terminal: Terminal, DOS box, gitBash + - Anyone try the new Windows Terminal? + +* git -- run from cammand line, or Tortoise git, or ... + +* cPython version 3.8.* or 3.9.* + +Have all of you got that running? + +(Zoom Poll ....) + + +2) git / gitHub Classroom +------------------------- + +The second, and harder part is gitHub classroom. + +Sorry about the false start -- it was buggy! + +But we've settled on a workflow, and hopefully it will suport that workflow consitently. + +In general, most of you seem to have got the basics down: + + - Accepting the assignment + - Cloning the assignment repo onto your machine. + - Adding a file to git + - Commiting your changes + - Pushing your changes to gitHub. + +Did you all get a gitHub Classroom repo working? + +(zoom poll) + +branching +......... + +Now we need to add one more step: creating a branch to work in. + +The workflow you will be using in this class is published in the class "textbook" here: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/github_classroom.html + +Let's run through the process with the first "real" assignment: + +Grid Printer + +Can I have a Volunteer? + +(you can all follow along ... ) + + +About git +--------- + +Now that we've done that, a few thoughts on git: + +Do you have any conceptual Questions? + + +Notes: +------ + +git is very flexible, and does not lose data easily. However, it is **much** harder to undo things than it is to make changes. So you will be happier if you take some extra care to not commit changes that you don't want. Some hints: + +* Always do a ``git status`` before you commit -- make sure that the stuff you are going to commit is what you want! + + - note that if you do ``git commit`` it will only commit those files listed under "staged for commit". But if you do ``git commit -a`` (-a for all) then it will commit everything modified, i.e. "Changes not staged for commit:". + +Note in the status report:: + + $ git status + On branch master + Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. + + Changes not staged for commit: + (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed) + (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory) + + modified: notes_for_class/source/lesson02.rst + + ... + +It even tells you want to do: use ``git add`` to stage particular files, or ``git checkout`` to revert a file back to its state as of the last commit. It doesn't mention ``git commit -a``, but that will commmit everything that is "not staged for commit". + +If you are careful before the commit stage, then you won't have to "roll back" changes very often. + +But if you do: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/git_hints.html#backing-out-a-change + +There are other nifty hints on that page, if you get stuck. + + +Break Time! +=========== + +10min break, then a few lightning talks: + + +| Angela J Asgekar +| +| Kalana De Silva +| + + +Break Me +======== + +Most of you seemed to do fine making the few key exceptions -- any questions? + +**Note:** + +We were not expecting you to catch the exceptions -- we're really starting at the bottom here, just making sure you get used to seeing common exceptions, and what they mean. + +We'll get into Exception handling later. + +And yes, once you get a SyntaxError, nothing will run. That is the point. So commenting it out (or fixing it :-) ) after you get it fine. + + +Now some new stuff +================== + + +Coding Bat +---------- + +The coding bat sight is a great place to find some quick programming challeges: + +https://codingbat.com/python + +Let's do one -- and then you can play around on your own. + +Break Time! +=========== + +10min break, then two more lightning talks: + + +| Devin Kiehl Duval +| +| Jason Emmett Hill + + + +Grid Printer +------------ + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` + + +Fizz Buzz +--------- + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` + + +Recursion +--------- + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +(seeing a pattern here?) + +:ref:`exercise_fibonacci` + + diff --git a/notes/lesson03.rst b/_sources/lesson03.rst.txt similarity index 51% rename from notes/lesson03.rst rename to _sources/lesson03.rst.txt index 338cccf..825206a 100644 --- a/notes/lesson03.rst +++ b/_sources/lesson03.rst.txt @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ .. _notes_lesson03: -#################### -Notes for lesson 03 -#################### +###################### +10/27/2020: Real code! +###################### A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. @@ -13,17 +13,62 @@ Lightning Talks Up today: -someone +From last week: + +Jason Emmett Hill + + +And then: + +Jimmy Nguyen + +Brian H Wong + +Arielle Waller (Ari) + +Erik J Knighton + Are you ready? We'll do them in the middle of the lesson. Issues that came up during the week. ==================================== -``.gitignore`` --------------- +MS Teams +-------- + +Are you all on it? + + +gitHub "Failures" +----------------- + +Sorry about that -- that's a "linter", set up to check style issues. I've turned it off for teh next few assignments. + + +main or master? +--------------- + +the default branch for git (and gitHub) used be called master. Soyou will see a LOT of docs talking abou tthe master branch. But gitHub now uses "main" for the default branch. Most of our TEmplate repos for the class were created before they made the switch, so the default branch is called "master". But you may start seeing "main" used too. + +The key point is that he name of the branch is arbitrary, the only special about "main" or "master" is that it is the default branch. Other than that, it, or any other branch, could be called anything. + + +git chaos! +---------- + +If you have somethign wierd going on with git, there are a few options: + +- Google it -- there is a LOT of infomation about git online. + +- Too much information, we have some git hints that might help you out of a jam for this class: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/git_hints.html + +**If all else fails:** + +One of the great things about git is that is a "distributed" version control system. That means that every copy (clone) of a repository has all teh information in it. And what that means is that if the clone on your workstation gets in a mess -- you can smiply make another clone from gitHub and start again. If you move or rename the old (confused) one -- then all the files in it will still be there, so you can copy any of your work that had not been pushed to gitHub over to the new clone. -You can make your own! git commit and PR messages -------------------------- @@ -35,10 +80,11 @@ So please put meaningful commit and PR messages -- particularly PR messages! This is a **really good** habit to get into for future development work. + PEP08 and a linter ------------------ -It is a really good idea to get in the habit of using consistent stle in your code -- i.e. follow PEP08. +It is a really good idea to get in the habit of using consistent style in your code -- i.e. follow PEP08. And this is really easy to do if you have a linter set up in your editor. If you haven't gotten that to work -- do try to do so soon! @@ -50,13 +96,46 @@ Even more important that all of that: **ALWAYS** +What's a docstring ? +-------------------- + + + +``if __name__ == __main__`` +--------------------------- + +What's *that* all about? + +Note: There's a video in Lesson 2 -- anyone still confused? + +What is a ``range()`` object? +----------------------------- + +What does range actually create? Let's check it out! + + +triple quoted strings or comments? +---------------------------------- + +It's not a good practice to use triple qluoted streings to "comment out" blocks of code. + +Use comments: + +# this is a line of code +# and this is another +# and one more. + +Your editor / IDE should make that easy! + Separation of Concerns ---------------------- + From print_grid: if you are going to have separate functions, better for them to return a string, and then put all the printing in the calling function, in one place. That would make it more re-usable -- say you want to write to a file? This is a tiny example of what's known as "separation of concerns" + ``for`` vs ``while`` -------------------- @@ -71,13 +150,13 @@ So: When to use ``for`` vs ``while`` ? But: -``for`` is pretty handy primarily for looping through the items in am iterable -- doing the similar things to everything in a collection. +``for`` is pretty handy primarily for looping through the items in an iterable -- doing the similar things to everything in a collection. -And ``range()`` is an easy-to-create collection of a sequenc eof integers of a given size. +And ``range()`` is an easy-to-create collection of a sequence of integers of a given size. So in short: -Use ``while`` when you want to repeat something some unknown amount -- maybe a few times maybe thousands... +Use ``while`` when you want to repeat something some unknown number of times -- maybe a few times maybe thousands... Use ``for`` when you want to work with an entire collection, or a pre-determined number of loops. @@ -95,6 +174,8 @@ That works, but it's a "Bad Idea™" "is" tests whether the objects are actually the same object -- not whether they have the same value. As you can easily have multiple objects that happen to have the same value, "is" will fail in the general case. +But why did it work there? + This works because cpython has an optimization called "interning" -- since small integers are used so often, the interpreter keeps a pool of them around to re-use, rather than creating multiple integer objects with the same value. So "is" will work as a test for small integers, but not large ones: @@ -119,26 +200,53 @@ So "is" will work as a test for small integers, but not large ones: **Important:** This is an implementation detail. Do not count on it! + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Let's take a break and do some of the lightning talks... + + +Jason Hill + +Jimmy Nguyen + +Brian H Wong + + Review Solutions ================ I've posted my solutions to last week's assignments in the class repo:: - git pull upstream master + git pull They are in:: solutions/Lesson02 +But before we do that -- code review / refactoring: + +Angela -- can we look at your code? +Coding Bat +---------- + +Anyone get stuck on any and want to give it a look? Lightning Talks =============== -Let's take a break and do some lightning talks... +Let's take a break and do the rest of the lightning talks... + + +Ari Waller + +Erik J Knighton + Now some new stuff ================== diff --git a/notes/lesson04.rst b/_sources/lesson04.rst.txt similarity index 57% rename from notes/lesson04.rst rename to _sources/lesson04.rst.txt index 0f0da6a..eab7741 100644 --- a/notes/lesson04.rst +++ b/_sources/lesson04.rst.txt @@ -2,25 +2,59 @@ .. _notes_lesson04: -#################### -Notes for lesson 04 -#################### +############################# +11/02/2020: A actual Program! +############################# -10/30/2018 A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. Lightning Talks =============== -Guy Chiu-Kai Chan -Jae Kim -Yaovi Metemey (obed) -Zach Russell Cooper +| Quinn Yackulic +| +| Kelly Kauffman +| +| James Roefs +| +| Jonathan Paul Bednar +| +| Jeff Bennett + + +As usual, these notes are published here: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert-classrepos.github.io/Python310-Fall-2020/ + +And the Solutions are in teh gitHub project: + +https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert-ClassRepos/Python310-Fall-2020 + + +Quick Poll: how many of you have a clone of that repo on your machine? + Issues that came up during the week. ==================================== +Style +----- + +Use PEP8 style -- really! + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + +The ONLY exception is if you work in an organization that has a different style guide. It can make sense for your python code to match other code in an organization. But otherwise, use a style consistent with the rest of the Python world. + +The best way to do this is with a linter in your editor -- like the Anaconda package in Sublime. If you are getting annoyed by all the "noise" that the linter creates -- keep your code in PEP8 style, it won't be there! + +And don't use "Hungarian Notation" -- it is really non-pythonic, and sometimes actually wrong -- and a string called ``intSomething`` just adds confusion! + + +Also: use meaningful names, not "item" or "tup" or .... + + Built in names -------------- @@ -40,7 +74,7 @@ But there are also a LOT of "built in" names. Try:: dir(__builtins__) -You can use these names for variable, but when you do, it willwrite over the built-in one, which means that you then can't use it in the udual way. For instance, a ``list`` is the list type, you can make a list out of any sequence with it: +You can use these names for a variable, but when you do, it will write over the built-in one, which means that you then can't use it in the usual way. For instance, ``list`` is the list type, you can make a list out of any sequence with it: .. code-block:: ipython @@ -51,7 +85,7 @@ But if you use it as a name, it then won't work in the usual way: .. code-block:: ipython - In [7]: list = [1,2,3,4,5] + In [7]: list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] In [8]: list Out[8]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] @@ -97,9 +131,11 @@ Mutable default parameters There was a video on this -- any questions about it? -If not then we'll move on... +If not then we'll move on ... + +But if you are confused .... -This is a real "gotcha" in Python. Someone wrote a non-recursive solution to the sum_series problem. It worked great -- EXCEPT if it got called more than once! Any idea what the problem is? +This is a real "gotcha" in Python. Someone (in a previous class) wrote a non-recursive solution to the sum_series problem. It worked great -- EXCEPT if it got called more than once! Any idea what the problem is? (``examples\lesson04\series_with_mutable.py``) @@ -144,7 +180,7 @@ Let's explore that some more, and some solutions.... Recursion in an interactive loop -------------------------------- -not a great idea! +Not a great idea! you can do something like: @@ -161,13 +197,27 @@ Let's look at this: ``examples/lesson04/recursive_mainloop.py`` -(do a ``git pull upstream master`` if you don't see it.) +(do a ``git pull`` if you have a clone of the class repo) + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +let's take a break, and then: + +| Quinn Yackulic +| +| Kelly Kauffman +| +| James Roefs + Slicing and List labs --------------------- Any questions? + Altering a list while looping through it ........................................ @@ -190,10 +240,17 @@ Anyone confused about sorting? Shall we go over it? ``examples/lesson04/sort_example.py`` + +String Formatting +----------------- + +Are you starting to get it? There is a LOT there. But it lets you do some fancy stuff with not much code. + + My solutions ------------ -Let's look at my solutions quickly. +Let's look at some solutions quickly. mailroom ........ @@ -205,28 +262,54 @@ Should we look at my solution -- or review one of yours? Or wait ? -Lightning Talks: ----------------- +Lightning Talks +=============== + +| Jonathan Paul Bednar +| +| Jeff Bennett + -Let's take a break and do them... New Material ============ -Any questions on dictionaries, set or files? +Any questions on + +Unit Testing or Exceptions? + +(we'll start some in class) + + +Unit Testing and TDD +-------------------- + +Compared to most Python courses, we are introducing unit testing really early. In fact, earlier that we used to in this class, which was already early. + +But it is a REALLY good habit to get into, and, in fact, can help beginners just as much (maybe more) than more experienced developers. + + +Exceptions +---------- + +Let's do the Exceptions Lab in class: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/exceptions/exceptions_lab.html + + +Testing Mailroom +---------------- -This gets fun now! +Key point here: -mailroom part 2 ---------------- +You **will** need to refactor your code in order to make it testable. -How might you use dictionaries in mailroom? If you haven't finished it without dicts, why not add them now? +That is a "Good Thing" -trigrams --------- +Well structured code is testable : testable code is (Probably) well structured. -This is a really fun one -- but challenging. +This is one reason we're introducing unit tests right now. -Let's get a start on it! +Shall we get a start on that together? diff --git a/_sources/lesson05.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson05.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55e289b --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson05.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson05: + +##################################### +11/19/2020: testing, testing, 1, 2, 3 +##################################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +| Hua Shao +| +| Vikram Raghavan +| +| Yazmery De Leon Guzman +| +| Matthew Edoimioya (Matt) + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +A few of you have not gotten the first Mailroom submitted (and some missing earlier assignments as well). + +Do remember that we need you to submit in Canvas -- with a link to a PR in the gitHub classroom repo, in order for us to know you've done it. + + + +git and generated files +----------------------- + +In general, you don't want to put generated files in git. + +That could be files your code creates (next week anyway), or files ceated by your IDE, or Python itself (e.g. ``__pycache__``) + +**Caution:** be very careful with ``git add .`` or ``git add *`` -- generally better to specifically add the files you now you need. + +Or: ``git add *.py`` + +One "trick" is to run ``git status`` first, and you'll see what files are there that git will add ... + + +The ``.gitignore`` file +....................... + +``.gitignore`` tells git what files you want it to ignore. +It is supposed to help keep you from accidentally adding extra stuff, and to keep git from bugging you about "untracked files" that you don't want it track. + +We've put a ``.gitignore`` fiel in the classroom repos -- but gitHub is apparenlty sometimes skipping them :-( + + +Iterating through a Sequence +---------------------------- + +What's wrong with this code? + +(OK, not wrong, but less than ideal ....) + +.. code-block:: python + + def list_donornames(): + """Lists all donors""" + for i, __ in enumerate(list_donors): + print(list_donors[i][0]) + +Code structure +-------------- + +That brings us to code structure: + +This is a tricky topic -- hard to have clear "rules" + +One thing to keep in mind is that any "block" of code (usually a function) should only have to know about what it is directly working with. + +So a function that is doing something with a single donor should only know about a single donor -- it doesn't need to know about how all the donors are stored. + +.. code-block:: python + + def total_donations(index): + return sum(donor_table[index][1]) + +vs. + +.. code-block:: python + + def total_donations(donor): + return sum(donor[1]) + + +Test names +---------- + +Try to give your tests meaningful names. If "test_3" fails, that doesn't tell you much, but if "test_donor_not_there" fails, you have a much better idea, at a glance, what may be wrong. + +(Apologies: I put names like that in the ``test_walnut_party`` example) + + +``assert something is True`` ? +------------------------------ + +Is this necessary? + +:: + + assert something is True + or + assert something is False + +Well, no. Assertions are, by definition, looking for Truthiness, so: + +.. code-block:: python + + assert something + or + assert not something + +will do just fine. + +Long strings in code +-------------------- + +Sometimes you want to put a long string (too long for one line) in your code. +But using a triple-quoted string either puts in extra whitespace, or messes with the indentation of the code. + +Handy hint: two strings next to each other without anything (but whitespace) in between get joined by the python compiler: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [10]: s = "part one:" "part two" + + In [11]: s + Out[11]: 'part one:part two' + +Combine that with an parentheses for implied line continuation: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [15]: a_message = ("You can build up a long, " + ...: "string by putting it in " + ...: "multiple quoted lines.\n" + ...: "And even add newlines, and " + ...: "all sorts of other stuff!" + ...: ) + + In [16]: print(a_message) + You can build up a long, string by putting it in multiple quoted lines. + And even add newlines, and all sorts of other stuff! + +``sum`` +------- + +Did everyone find the ``sum()`` built in function? + +How about ``max()`` and ``min()`` + + +Mailroom with Exceptions and unit tests ... +------------------------------------------- + +If you have a lot of names to import from a module: + +.. code-block:: python + + from mailroom import (get_donor_index, + donor_list, + print_report, + donor_sort_by_total, + donor_sort_by_number_donations, + ... + ) + +But if I'm importing more than, say three or so names, I prefer to use a short name for the module: + +.. code-block:: python + + import mailroom as mr + + mr.get_donor_index() + + +Testing printing... +------------------- + +It really shouldn't be necessary to test printing -- Python's print function is well tested already :-) The trick is to make sure you don't have any logic that you do need to test in the code that's doing the printing. + +And pytest is already "capturing" stdout, which is where print goes, so it's a bit tricky to do. + +But if you REALLY need to do, this is how it can be done: + +https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/capture.html#accessing-captured-output-from-a-test-function + +That makes use of a pytest "fixture" -- which we have not gotten into yet. + +Let's check it out. + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Let's take a break and do some now. + +| Hua Shao +| +| Vikram Raghavan + + +Review Mailroom? +================ + +Or move on to new material? + + +Time Check: I do want to have time to get to the new stuff! + + +If there is time: + +Review Shadel's Code? or someone else's? + + + +Packaging and Modules +===================== + + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/10-modules_packages/index.html + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Let's take a break and do some now. + +| Yazmery De Leon Guzman +| +| Matthew Edoimioya (Matt) + + +trigrams +-------- + +This is a really fun one -- but challenging. + +Let's get a start on it! + + + + + +New Assignments +=============== + + +Exceptions +---------- + +Exceptions take a little while to "wrap your head around". + +Shall we do the Exercise together? + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/exercises/except_exercise.html + diff --git a/_sources/lesson06.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson06.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..77b04da --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson06.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson06: + +############################# +11/17/2020: Odd sentences ... +############################# + + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + + +| Rose Nyameke +| +| Hua Shao +| +| Vikram Raghavan +| +| Farhan Samani +| +| Katrina Seok Taylor +| + + +Coding Workflow +=============== + +As you are developing your code, you *really* want to have an quick and efficient way to run you code and see if it's working, how it's changed, etc. + +You may have noticed that for a program like Mailroom, you may have to do a few steps if user interaction to get to the part of the code you are working on. So how do you work on that efficiently? + +The "right" way to do it is something called "Test Driven Development", which we are doing -- but hard for user-interaction! + +* You want to break your code down into small functions that each do one thing. + +* You should be able to run each function by itself. + +If you are doing that, then as you develop your code, you can write and run each function until it's doing what it's supposed to do, and THEN put it all together. + +One way to run a function is to call it in the ``__name__ == "__main__"`` block. You can then comment and uncomment each call as you work on your code. + +So, for instance, while developing the interactive menues for mailroom: + +.. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == "__main__": + # create a global for the donor data. + donor_db = get_donor_db() + main_menu() + # thank_you_menu + +So I can uncomment our the menu code I'm working on. + +Also: you really, really need a way to run your code with a couple keystrokes!! + + +Notes on Testing +================ + +Isolated tests +-------------- + +Each test should be isolated -- so that it doesn't rely on any other tests running first, or break any tests that come after it. + +So how do you do that with test data that might change -- like a test for adding a new donor? + +If you put some test data in a function: + +.. code-block:: python + + def get_test_db(): + return {'william gates iii': ("William Gates III", [653772.32, 12.17]), + 'jeff bezos': ("Jeff Bezos", [877.33]), + 'paul allen': ("Paul Allen", [663.23, 43.87, 1.32]), + 'mark zuckerberg': ("Mark Zuckerberg", [1663.23, 4300.87, 10432.0]), + } + +Then, in each test that needs a donor_db: + +.. code-block:: python + + def test_something(): + # get a clean one to work with. + db = get_test_db + +This is a simple example of a "fixture". pytest has features to make more complex fixtures -- but this will do for now. + +What if your donor db is global? YOu can reset that, too! + +(Let's look at my solution) + +Comprehensive Testing +--------------------- + +Comprehensive testing is HARD. In fact, it's impossible. + +We do what we can -- but what to do when you find an issue that wasn't tested for? + +In the supplied tests for trigrams, there was a test for make_sentence(): That's a tricky one, as it's supposed to be random. So it tested for some aspects of what the function returned, but very much missed some! + +For example, one of you found: + +"... ``make_sentence()`` function always returns 'Blind blind blind blind blind blind.' with test_dict" + +Oops! that's clearly wrong. So what to do? + +First -- maybe that wasn't very comprehensive test to begin with -- sorry. + +But your tests will nver be comprehensive -- you will find bugs after the fact. So the when you do, the first thing to do is write a test that exercises that bug -- i.e. one that does fail with your broken code. + + +Minor issues that came up during the week. +========================================== + + +What does "in a dict" mean? +--------------------------- + +Remember that: + +``something in a_dict`` checks if ``something`` is a key + +So no need for: + +``something in dict.keys()`` + + +Looping through a dict +---------------------- + +If you need just the keys:: + + for k in a_dict: + ... + +If you need just the values:: + + for v in a_dict.values(): + ... + +If you need both:: + + for k, v in a_dict.items(): + ... + + +Getting an arbitrary key from a dict +------------------------------------ + +See ``arbitrary_key.py`` in `examples/lesson06` + +Let's take a look ... + + + +islice +------ + +This constuct is pretty cool for trigrams:: + + for w1, w2, w3 in zip(word_list[:-2], word_list[1:-1], word_list[2:]): + +But remember that slicing makes a copy -- so this is making three copies of the full word list. Computers have a LOT of memory these days, but it's still better to not waste it. + +Turns out there is a alternative: + +https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/itertools.html#itertools.islice + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Let's take a break and then hear some lightning talks: + +| +| Rose Nyameke +| +| Hua Shao +| +| Vikram Raghavan +| + + +Mailroom issues: +================ + +dict as switch -- how do you leave the loop? +-------------------------------------------- + +Let's look at a particularly nifty solution: + +``solutions/Lesson05/mailroom`` + + +what does "global" mean? +------------------------ + +There is a "global" namespace, and there is the ``global`` keyword. What is the difference? when do you need to use ``global``? + +TL;DR : There is nothing wrong with using global names -- but you VERY RARELY should use the ``global`` keyword! + +(Devin's example) + + +``readlines()`` ? +----------------- + +Quite a few of you have code like this: + +.. code-block:: python + + with open(filename, "r") as f: + full_lines = f.readlines() + + for line in full_lines: + ... + +Nothing wrong with that, but ... + +``.readlines()`` reads the entire contents of the file into memory all at once. Memory is big and cheap these days, but what if it's a REALLY big file? + +If you are going to process the file line by line anyway, you might as well do: + +.. code-block:: python + + with open(filename, "r") as f: + for line in f: + ... + +That will loop though the file line by line, but only store one line at a time in memory. The file system and disk should have a smart cache, so that it will be just as fast, but more memory efficient. + +And one less line of code ... + + +Binary vs text files +-------------------- + +``open()`` uses text mode (default encoding -- utf-8?) by default. It will try to decode the file into text. If you open a binary file that way it will likely barf. + +:: + + open(the_filename, 'rb' + +Is the way to open a binary file (note the "b") -- this weill read the bytes in the file, with no alteration. + +For more on what "decode" means: + +:ref:`unicode` + +.. PythonCertDevel/modules/Unicode.html?highlight=unicode>`_ + + +Any Questions about the homework -- or anything? +------------------------------------------------ + +review trigrams? + +review mailroom? + + +Break and Lightning talks +========================= + +| +| Farhan Samani +| +| Katrina Seok Taylor +| + +New material: +============= + +Comprehensions +-------------- + +Let's take a few minutes to go through it in class: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/comprehensions_lab.html + + +Advanced Argument Passing +------------------------- + +All this ``*arg``, ``**kwargs`` stuff a bit confusing? + +Let's explore it a bit. + +AND -- we'll use TDD to do it. + +Exercise in the class notes here: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/args_kwargs_lab.html + + +Modules and Packages +-------------------- + +Shall we take a look? + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/packaging/package_lab.html + + + + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/lesson07.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson07.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72db453 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson07.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson07: + +####################### +11/24/2020: import this +####################### + + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +We've gotten a bit behind -- so lots of lightning talks today! + +| +| Micha Park +| +| Sopheaktr L Danh +| +| Vikram Raghavan +| +| Farhan Samani +| +| Katrina Seok Taylor +| +| Bishal Gupta +| +| Maria G Berschauer +| +| Nathan Marc Debard +| + +Scheduling: +=========== + +This is Thanksgiving week -- Are Sunday office hours still good? + +If I held additional office hours, would you come? + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +Naming Things +------------- + +There's an adage in programming: + +.. centered:: **Naming Things is Hard** + +It really is. But it's also important. Good names for variables make the code a lot easier to read and understand. + +This may seem like a non-issue when you are working on a small project. When you are in the middle of it, you know exactly what you mean when you are working with a variable called "i" or "item" or "key". But when you go read the code a week, month, year later -- and when that variable is defined somewhere off the page, you really will get confused. + +And even worse are names that are just plain "wrong" (probably due to refactoring) a function called `print_something` that doesn't print anything, a variable called `donor` that is really a list of past donations, you get the idea. + +Believe me, when I read your code, I really do get confused when variables don't mean what their name suggests they mean. And you will et confused as well, when you re-read the code later one -- maybe even only a week later. + +Also, in a larger project, you are stuck with the names you choose up front -- at least with ones for functions and classes that will be used elsewhere. So it's really worth putting some thought into it right up front. + +Style +----- + +Some of you are still not following PEP 8 style. If you can't (or don't want to) set up a linter in your editor or IDE, you can run ``pycodestyle`` on your code. + +https://pycodestyle.readthedocs.io + +``python3 -m pip install pycodestyle`` + +Let's give it a quick try. + + +Auto-fixing style +................. + +If you don't want to fix all that by hand, there are tools to do it for you. + +Some options are: + +AutoPEP8 +........ + +https://pypi.org/project/autopep8/ + +YAPF +.... + +https://github.com/google/yapf + +Black +..... + +https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/ + +These are in order of how "opinionated" or "intrusive" they are. AutoPEP8 only fixes actual PEP8 violations. YAPF is fairly configurable as to what it does, and exactly how. Black only does one thing: make all the code in the Black style. + + + "You can have your code in any style you want -- as long as it's Black" + +Adapted from the famous quote by Henry Ford about the model T: + + `"Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black" `_ + +Maybe give one of them a try. You can also likely plug one or the other into your editor. + + +Chaining ``or``, etc. +--------------------- + +This looks pretty nifty: + +.. code-block:: python + + while answer != 'x' or 'r' or 't' or 'a': + do_something() + +But does that mean what you expect it to? + +will it ever be ``False``? + +Let's play with that... + +Operator Precedence +................... + +This table tells you which operators have "Precedence" over each other -- that is, which are evaluated first: + +https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence + +When in doubt -- add parenthesis to make it clear. Is there any way to add parentheses that works for the above? + +Comparison Chaining +................... + +Another complication in all this is chaining of comparisons: + +https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#comparisons + +It allows you to do nifty (and very readable) things like: + +.. code-block:: python + + if a < b < c: + do_something() + +That's nice, 'cause it looks a lot like math -- simple and clear. + +and it means: + +.. code-block:: python + + if (a < b) and (b < c): + do_something() + + +So with chaining, you can't just add parentheses to make it clear. + +Also -- like with ``and`` and ``or``, chaining "shortcuts". In the example above, if ``a`` is not less than ``b``, then ``c`` will never be evaluated. And ``b`` will only be evaluated once in any case. + +So what's going on here? + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [41]: 2 < 5 in range(3) + Out[41]: False + + In [42]: (2 < 5) in range(3) + Out[42]: True + + In [43]: 2 < (5 in range(3)) + Out[43]: False + + +Turns out that ``in``, ``not``, ``not in`` are considered comparison operators too (at least in this context) + + +Mutating vs. re-assigning +------------------------- + +I've seen code like this in a few trigram solutions: + +``output = output + [follower]`` + +(``output`` is a list of strings, follower is a single string) + +What it does is add a new item to a list. + +But is that an efficient way to do that? + +If you are adding one element to a list -- ``append()`` is the way to go. + +``output_list.append(random_trigram_followers)`` + +Using addition works fine, but it's creating a whole new list (actually: *two* new lists) just to throw it away again. + +And if you are adding another list of objects, you want to use ``extend()``. + +With this code: + +``output = output + [follower]`` + +This is what happens: + +1) Create a one-element list with ``follower`` in it. +2) Create a new list with the contents of ``output`` and that just created list. +3) Re-assign the name ``output`` to that new list. +4) Throw away the original list ``output`` was bound to, and the temporary list created for ``follower``. + +That's a LOT of overhead! + +mutating vs assigning +..................... + +Be cognizant of when you are mutating (changing) an object vs. creating a new one and assigning it to the same name. When you do assignment (``=``) you are probably creating a new object -- is that what you want? And if you are NOT using ``=``, then you are probably mutating an existing object. + +``+=`` is different -- it is the "in_place" operator, so: + +``a_list += another_list`` + +does not create an new list -- it adds to the original list "in place" -- it is identical to: + +``a_list.extend(another_list)`` + +And it is an efficient operation. + +The trick is that the "augmented assignment" operators, like ``+=`` **do** create new object when used with an immutable: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [4]: tup1 = tup2 = (1, 2, 3) + + In [5]: tup1 is tup2 + Out[5]: True + + In [6]: tup1 += (4, 5) + + In [7]: tup1 is tup2 + Out[7]: False + + In [9]: tup1 + Out[9]: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) + + In [10]: tup2 + Out[10]: (1, 2, 3) + +Contrast this with (mutable) lists: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [11]: list1 = list2 = [1, 2, 3] + + In [12]: list1 += [3, 4] + + In [13]: list1 is list2 + Out[13]: True + + In [14]: list1 + Out[14]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4] + + In [15]: list2 + Out[15]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4] + +Personally, I think it's a "wart" that augmented assignment may or may not be a mutating operation. + +But at the time it was added, there were two goals: + +1) Efficient in-place operations on mutables (partly to support numpy) + +2) Quick and easy incrementing of values, in particular integers: + +``i += 1`` + +And no one wanted to add **two** new sets of operators. + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0203/ + +What to return? +--------------- + +It is a convention in Python to return a new object if one is created (kind of necessary, actually), but to return ``None`` if a new object is NOT created -- i.e. the existing object is mutated. Contrast strings and lists: + +Strings are immutable, so they can't be changed in place: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [11]: a_string = "this is a string" + + In [12]: new_string = a_string.capitalize() + + In [13]: print(new_string) + This is a string + + In [14]: print(a_string) + this is a string + +Whereas lists are mutable, and they CAN be changed in place: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [15]: a_list = [4, 2, 8, 3, 9, 1, 4] + + In [16]: new_list = a_list.sort() + + In [17]: print(new_list) + None + + In [18]: print(a_list) + [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9] + +note that the mutating method, ``.sort()`` returns ``None``. This makes it a bit annoying sometimes, as you can't chain operations, but it also makes it less confusing. + +This is a standard practice in the Python standard library, but you really should follow it in your own code: + +.. code-block:: python + + def add_donor(new_donor): + """ + add a new donor to the global donor database + """ + ... + return None + +This REALLY should not return the global donor database. + +Similarly, if a function takes a mutable on input, and changes it in place, it should not return the passed-in object: + + +.. code-block:: python + + def add_donation(donor, donation): + """ + add a new donation to a donor + + :param donor: the donor object to add the donation to + + :param donation: the donation to add + """ + + donor[1].append(donation) + + # don't do this!!!! + return donor + +This should return ``None`` to indicate that the passed-in donor object was changed in place. + + +Break -- Then Lightning Talks +============================= + + +| Micha Park +| +| Sopheaktr L Danh +| +| Vikram Raghavan +| +| Farhan Samani +| + +Packaging +========= + +Are you all thoroughly confused now? + +There are a number of subtleties here: + + +relative importing +------------------ + +what the heck does: + +``from .mailroom import model as m`` + +mean? + +What about: + +``from ..mailroom.cli import main`` ? + + +Where does Python look for modules and packages? +------------------------------------------------ + +``sys.path``: let's take a look. + +Note that the current working directory is put on sys,path by default -- what are the implications of that? + +what about scripts?? +-------------------- + +It turns out that the "old" ``scripts`` keyword to ``setup()`` is not totally reliable (particularly on Windows). And it can cause some complications. I always liked the simplicity of scripts, but it really is a better idea to use setuptools' console_scripts entry point. + +But the errors we saw are instructive -- so let's take a look. In particular, what happens when you have a script with the same name as your package? + + +Let's take a look at my packaged up mailroom to see how that works. + +args and kwargs +=============== + +Python's very flexible parameter specification and argument passing is really powerful, but it can be confusing: + +Any particular confusions? + +What to look at my ``*args, **kwargs`` Lab? + + + +Break -- Then Lightning Talks +============================= + +| +| Katrina Seok Taylor +| +| Bishal Gupta +| +| Maria G Berschauer +| +| Nathan Marc Debard +| + + +Any other questions/issues before we get into classes? +------------------------------------------------------ + +Note that we'll be employing packaging and testing the rest of the class, so if you don't quite "get it", you'll have more chances :-) + + +Classes! +======== + +Classes are the core of Object Oriented programming. Rather than talk about them in the abstract, we'll start doing a real problem, and talk about the pieces as we go. + +So: on to the Object oriented intro! + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/oo_intro/oo_intro.html + + + + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/lesson08.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson08.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81d4a52 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson08.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson08: + +########################### +Dec 1, 2020: A Classy Topic +########################### + + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +David Brandt + +Matt Parmett + +Victor Alexander Orozco + +Shadle A Stewart + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + + +``for`` -- ``else`` +------------------- + +how many of you remember that you can use ``else`` with for? + +From the Report Class: + +.. code-block:: python + + def remove_row(self, row_id): + + """Remove a row object by the row ID""" + + for r in self.rows: + if r.row_id == row_id: + foundid = r + break + try: + foundid == r + except ValueError: + print("Invalid row_id.") + self.rows.remove(foundid) + return None + + +What to test? And how? +---------------------- + +Make sure you test what matters about a function's result -- it's easiest (particularly if you wrote the code first) to simply match results, but your system will be more flexible if you test for the parts that matter, and won't change. + +Ideally, your tests should be as isolated as possible. So if you, for instance, need to test that the correct letter is generated from a donor object, then create a donor object in the test, and pass that in, rather than pulling it from the donor_db -- that way, the donor_db could be broken, and the individual tests will pass. + +For a function that creates substantial output -- like maybe a thanks you letter, yest parts of the letter that matter, rather than the entire text: + +* Was the donor's name inserted correctly? + +* Was the donation amount inserted correctly? + +* any other part that tests the logic of the function. + +That way, you can change the details of the letter template, and the tests will still pass. + + +Lightning Talks +--------------- + +Let's take a break and ... + +David Brandt + +Matt Parmett + + +The Report Class and basic OO +============================= + + +Any thoughts / questions? + +did ``attrgetter`` make sense? + + + +Lightning Talks +--------------- + +Victor Alexander Orozco + +Shadle A Stewart + + +Magic Methods +============= + +This next topic is key to making your classes "fit in" with the built-ins. + +Let's start with the Row class -- and give it a __repr__: that would have helped a number of you with debugging :-) + + +Python static vs. class methods +------------------------------- + +If any of you have a backgroun din Java/C++/C# -- this will be familiar, but maybe not what you expect. + +So let's go over it a bit ... + +:ref:`static_and_class_methods` + + +Circular Reasoning +------------------ + +Now let's get a start on the Circle class + + + + diff --git a/_sources/lesson09.rst.txt b/_sources/lesson09.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7f0a22 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lesson09.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_lesson09: + +############################################### +Dec 8, 2020: Around around and around we go ... +############################################### + + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Christopher Duane Smith + +Maria Corazon M Dacutanan + +Akalpit Gadre + +Roohie Menon + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +classmethods +------------ + +You really want to use the ``cls`` parameter in a classmethod:: + + @classmethod + def from_diameter(cls, diameter): + radius = diameter / 2 + return Circle(radius) + +should be:: + + @classmethod + def from_diameter(cls, diameter): + radius = diameter / 2 + return cls(radius) + +Why? Subclassing! + +Let's play with that a bit .... + + +NotImplemented +-------------- + +``NotImplemented`` is a special value that can be used as a flag to indicate that a comparison cannot be made. + +https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html?highlight=notimplemented#NotImplemented + + +Total Ordering?!? +----------------- + +What does that mean? + +"Total Order" is a mathematical concept that's a bit beyond me :-) + +But the layperson's version is simply that two things are either less than, equal, or greater than each other in a consistent way. + +And what *that* means is that if you define equality, and one of less-than or greater-than, the others can all be derived from those two. + +So that is what the ``functools.total_ordering`` decorator does: it automatically creates the full set of comparison operators in terms if the two provided. + +Let's take a quick look at my solution to see how that works. + + +``sum()`` +--------- + +You can use ``sum()`` for things other than numbers. Anything that you can add, you can use ``sum()`` for, but you need to give it a "start" value. You can use sum() on circles if you want:: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [16]: sum([Circle(2), Circle(3), Circle(4)], start=Circle(0)) + Out[16]: Circle(9.0) + +Or from trigrams: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [14]: text + Out[14]: + ['him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses', + 'and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt', + 'any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that'] + + In [15]: sum((line.split() for line in text), []) + Out[15]: + ['him', + 'mention', + 'her', + 'under', + 'any', + 'other', + 'name.', + ... + +Except not strings (note the above is lists of strings, not strings themselves): + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [17]: sum(["this", "that", "something"], "") + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) + in + ----> 1 sum(["this", "that", "something"], "") + + TypeError: sum() can't sum strings [use ''.join(seq) instead] + +That's because ``.join()`` is a lot more efficient. + + +"private" attributes and dunders +-------------------------------- + +``_something`` vs ``__something`` vs ``__something__`` + +Let's talk about that... + + + + + +Magic Methods and Circle class +------------------------------ + +Any questions? + +Should we look at mine? + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + + +Christopher Duane Smith + +Maria Corazon M Dacutanan + +Akalpit Gadre + +Roohie Menon + + +New Topics +========== + +sorting +------- + +maybe it's a good idea to add a sort_key method to your classes? + +see ``examples/lesson09/sort_key.py`` + +let's try it on Circle.... + +OO Design +--------- + +You can find a lot of stuff written about OO design. I am a bit wary of much of it -- I think we should all follow good design practices, and use OO features when they are useful, not because they follow from a OO design process. That being said, here are a few thoughts: + +**Nouns vs Verbs:** + + - Nouns are classes (Donor, Circle, ....) + - Verbs are are methods. + +But you don't need to make a class just because you have a noun: nouns can be simple data types as well: a string, and integer, a list .... + +And you **Really don't** want to make a class, just so you can then add a method to it to make a verb! Simple things can be simple, if a function does one thing, with simple inputs, and simiple outputs, it can just be a function. + +This is why ``staticmethod`` is not used much in Python -- if it's a static method, why put it in a class? Just make it a function! + +I really like Jack Dietrich's point: + + "If a class only has two methods, and one of them is __init__, you don't have a class" + +**Encapsulation:** + +Encapsulation is keeping things "hidden" -- many folks (and languages) see this as an important feature. But Python doesn't strictly support it at all. However, it IS a good idea to keep the data, and the methods that act on that data together. Not because we need to hide tings, but because then there is a single clear API to work with, and the under the hood details can be changed without breaking other code. Classes are helpful for this. + +**Keeping it DRY** + + Don't Repeat Yourself! + +This is THE BIG ONE in program design -- it drives a lot of design decisions. When you realy want classes is when: + +1) you are going to make a lot of instances of the class + +and/or + +2) you are going to subclass + +We really haven't done much subclassing yet -- but you'll see how that can really help keep your code DRY. + +**Separation of Concerns:** + +This is keeping thinks well grouped so that code that does the same thing stays together. It's not strictly required to use classes for that -- but it does help. + +Thoughts, ideas? + +Let's keep these things in mind as we think about how (and whether) to restructure Mailroom with classes. + + +Object Oriented Mailroom +------------------------ + +One more time! + +Yes, it's time to make mailroom Object Oriented: + +:ref:`exercise_mailroom_oo` + + + + + + + diff --git a/notes/lesson10.rst b/_sources/lesson10.rst.txt similarity index 52% rename from notes/lesson10.rst rename to _sources/lesson10.rst.txt index 44af001..fced892 100644 --- a/notes/lesson10.rst +++ b/_sources/lesson10.rst.txt @@ -3,44 +3,29 @@ .. _notes_lesson10: -#################### -Notes for lesson 10 -#################### +############################# +Dec 15, 2020: the final hour! +############################# -12/11/2018 - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. Lightning Talks =============== -Someone - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== +Jin Han -``classmethod`` ---------------- +Scott Guyton -I didn't get a chance to go over this last week, so I will now. - -One Circle solution had this: - -.. code-block:: python +Andrew Hanson - @classmethod - def from_diameter(cls, val): - cls.diameter = val - cls.radius = val / 2 - return cls -What is wrong with this code? What is actually happening here?? +And if I've missed anyone -- now's your last chance! -Let's check it out. +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== -When to make a method or property? ------------------------------------ +When to make a method vs. a property? +------------------------------------- It is a good idea to make a property to access information in your class that requires "inside information", For example, in a Donor class: @@ -64,6 +49,7 @@ There is no point to this -- ``a_donor.name`` is expected to be a string -- so i You *do* want to use properties to "hide" implementation details -- but the name attribute being a string is part of the API, not an implementation detail. + Pointless properties -------------------- @@ -82,28 +68,51 @@ What's wrong this? def radius(self, radius): self._radius = radius -Magic Methods -------------- - -The "math" magic methods: ``__add__``, etc, should return the object -- not strings! Anything else from OO mailroom? ------------------------------- -Does anyone volunteer for a code review? - -Or should we review mine? +I'll take any burning questions, but want time to workon the the HTML render assignment Lightning Talks =============== +Jin Han -A little code review / refactor -------------------------------- +Scott Guyton + +Andrew Hanson + + +.. Do you always need an ``__init__``? +.. ----------------------------------- + +.. No -- you don't :-) + +.. The ONLY thing "special" about ``__init__`` is that it is automatically called when an instance is created. Other than that, it's a regular method. So if you don't define one, then the superclass' ``__init__`` will be called. (and ``object``, the default superclass, has a default one -- so it's always there somewhere). + +.. That's what inheritance is all about -- the subclass inherits ALL the superclasses' methods -- including ``__init__``. + +.. So never write an ``__init__`` that does nothing but call the superclass ``__init__`` + +.. Subclasses and ``self`` +.. ----------------------- + +.. ``self`` is the first parameter in all methods. But why?? + +.. ``self`` is the "current" instance of the object. This means that you don't know at code writing time what type it is -- is it the current class? some subclass? + +.. Let's experiment with that. + +html_render +----------- + +This one is pretty challenging -- and gets into some nifty subclassing. + +So let's get a good start on it by working through it together. -Reviewing a trigrams solution, I happened upon a function that needed a bit of clean-up refactoring. Let's take a look now. It's in the class repo here: @@ -116,7 +125,7 @@ Next quarter, you'll finish up the core of the Python language, then go into dep End of Quarter: =============== -We will review PRs through Sunday. +"Grades" are due a week from today - as we need time to review, do try to get everything submitted by the end of Sunday. diff --git a/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt b/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44798f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +:orphan: + + +################################ +Lightning Talks: Fall 2020 Class +################################ + +These are the topics of the lightning talks given in the Fall 2020 class + +Individual Talks +================ + +Week 2 +------ + + +Week 3 +------ + + +Week 4 +------ + +James: assorted history - robotics +Jeff Bennett -- Unicode and encoding / decoding + +Week 5 +------ + + +Week 6 +------ + + +Week 7 +------ +Farhan Java vs Python +Danh: path finding +Micha Park: json REST services + +Week 8 +------ +Maria B: CAD and Python +Bishal: Data science at docusign: Snowflake + +David Brandt: Google trends + +Matt Parmett: Spotify API + +Victor Alexander Orozco: 3D printing + +Shadle A Stewart: Snow data API access + + +Week 9 +------ +Chris Smith: stock analysis +Maria Dacutan: subprocess module +Akulpit: Application performance monitoring + +Roohie Menon: not there. + + +Week 10 +------- + diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..24bc73e --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,855 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2020 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar 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Copyright 2007-2020 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + +/** + * make the code below compatible with browsers without + * an installed firebug like debugger +if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { + var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", + "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", + "profile", "profileEnd"]; + window.console = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) + window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; +} + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' '); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. 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rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) { + this.initOnKeyListeners(); + } + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('

' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '

') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + $(document).keydown(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box or textarea + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT' + && !event.altKey && !event.ctrlKey && !event.metaKey && !event.shiftKey) { + switch (event.keyCode) { + case 37: // left + var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); + if (prevHref) { + window.location.href = prevHref; + return false; + } + case 39: // right + var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); + if (nextHref) { + window.location.href = nextHref; + return false; + } + } + } + }); + } +}; + +// quick alias for 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+ factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.5.1", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.5 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2020-03-14 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +}; +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the master Deferred + master = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( master.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return master.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + } + + return master.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var + rkeyEvent = /^key/, + rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, + rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + return result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + + which: function( event ) { + var button = event.button; + + // Add which for key events + if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; + } + + // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right + if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + if ( button & 1 ) { + return 1; + } + + if ( button & 2 ) { + return 3; + } + + if ( button & 4 ) { + return 2; + } + + return 0; + } + + return event.which; + } +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px"; + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = parseInt( trStyle.height ) > 3; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( + dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) { + xml = undefined; + } + + if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ) + .filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ) + .map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script + if ( !isSuccess && jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+ + © Copyright 2020, Christopher H. Barker + +

+
+ + + + Built with Sphinx using a + + theme + + provided by Read the Docs. + +
+ +
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+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96a3d4d --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Intro to Python: Fall 2020 Online — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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  • Intro to Python: Fall 2020 Online
    • + + +
  • + + + View page source + + +
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+
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+ + +
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+ + + + +
+ +
+

+ + © Copyright 2020, Christopher H. Barker + +

+
+ + + + Built with Sphinx using a + + theme + + provided by Read the Docs. + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson01.html b/lesson01.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..071cf6d --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson01.html @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 10/13/2020: Introduction to Py310: Programming in Python — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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    • + +
  • 10/13/2020: Introduction to Py310: Programming in Python
    • + + +
  • + + + View page source + + +
    • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

10/13/2020: Introduction to Py310: Programming in Python

+

In which you are introduced to this class, your instructors, your environment and your new best friend, Python.

+_images/python.png +

xkcd.com/353

+

The goal of this lesson is get us all familiar with each other, the class, and all teh tools and systems we’ll need to conduct the class. That is, at the end of this lesson we can start the actual learning about Python :-)

+
+

Who are we?

+

Introduction to your instructors:

+

Chris

+

Subhiksha

+
+

Who are you?

+

Despite the common myth of the lone programmer, most software development is a collaborative activity. As such, we encourage students in this program to work together whenever possible.

+

As you will be working with your fellow students for the rest of the program, we’ll take +a couple minutes now to get to know each other.

+

This is a lot harder to do online, but we’ll try to make use of Zoom as best we can!

+

So we’ll go around the zoom and introduce ourselves:

+

Tell us a tiny bit about yourself:

+
    +

  • Name

    • +

  • Programming background: what languages have you used?

    • +

  • Why do you want to learn Python?

    • +

  • What’s your favorite coffee shop or bar – or was, before the Pandemic.

    • +

  • What is your gitHub handle – if you already have one. +If not, send it to us when you get it: pythonCHB@gmail.com

    • +
+
+
+
+

Introduction to This Class

+

The overall class is managed by a learning management system – Canvas.

+

You should have gotten a link to the instance for the class sent to you.

+

Is everyone “hooked up” to Canvas?

+

NOTE: I’m not a big Canvas fan: it’s where to go to find assignemnts and get on teh Zoom, etc, but much of our interaction will be via programming tools, like gitHub, rather than Canvas.

+
+

Class Structure

+

We will be using a variation of a +“flipped classroom” +for this class.

+

This means that the “homework” will be reading, watching videos, coding, etc.

+

And class time will be spent primarily coding:

+
+
    +

  • Still some lecture – as little as possible

    • +

  • Lots of demos

    • +

  • Working on Coding Exercises: +- On your own, with us to help +- In small groups (breakout groups on Zoom) +- Instructor led.

    • +
+
+

This means that you are expected to complete the reading (and video watching) BEFORE each class. That way, we don’t have to take class time introducing the basic material and can focus on questions and applying what you’ve read about.

+

Interrupt us with questions – please!

+

Subhiksha will be monitoring Zoom chat

+

(Some of the best learning prompted by questions)

+
+
+

Homework:

+
    +

  • Homework will be reading, a handful of videos, and links to optional external materials – videos, blog posts, etc.

    • +

  • Exercises will be started in class – but you can finish them at home (and you will need time to do that!)

    • +

  • You are adults – it’s up to you to do the homework. But if you don’t code, you won’t learn to code. And we can’t give you a certificate if you haven’t demonstrated that you’ve done the work.

    • +

  • To submit your work, we will use gitHub Classroom:

    • +
+

Working with gitHub Classroom

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/github_classroom.html

+

We’ll play around with this in this session so we can get the hang of it.

+

It’s new to me, too!

+
+
+

Communication

+

MS Teams:

+

We have set up an MS Team for this class:

+

MS Team for Pyy310 Fall 2020

+

Most of you are already members (with your uw email), but if not, I think you can go to that link and request to join.

+

Anything Python related is fair game. Questions and discussion about the assignments are encouraged.

+

We highly encourage you to work together. You will learn at a much deeper level if you work together, and it gets you ready to collaborate with colleagues.

+

I will also send occasional email out to the whole class – make sure I have the email address you want me to use. (I’ve got your uw email addresses now).

+
+
+

Office Hours

+

We will generally will hold “office hours” on Zoom for a couple hours each weekend. We will try to have one session on Saturday, and one on Sunday.

+

Please feel free to attend even if you do not have a specific question. It is an opportunity to work with the instructors and fellow students, and learn from each other.

+

What are good times for you?

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

“Lightning Talks” are a tradition in open-source technical conferences (and maybe others?). The idea is that people can do a quick talk about a topic of their choice – much lower pressure than a “real” talk – but gives folks a chance to show off something they have worked on.

+

For this class, it’s a chance to us to learn a bit about each-other and maybe something new about Python.

+

Each of you will be required to give one lightning talk at some point during the course.

+

Lightning Talks Requirements

+
+
    +

  • 5 minutes each (including setup) - no kidding!

    • +

  • Every student will give one

    • +

  • Purposes: introduce yourself, share interests, show Python applications

    • +

  • Any topic you like that is related to Python – according to you!

    • +
+
+
+

Schedule the lightning talks:

+

We need to schedule your lightning talks.

+

** Let’s use Python for that !**

+

There is a class list in the class repo here:

+

examples/session01/students.txt

+

Let’s write a script to generate a random talk schedule…

+
+
+

gitHub Classroom

+

Let’s get you set up with gitHub classroom so you can submit your work:

+

Working with gitHub Classroom

+

Basic Python

+

Python 2 versus Python 3

+
+
+
+

Exercises

+

Python Pushups

+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson02.html b/lesson02.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31428e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson02.html @@ -0,0 +1,411 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 10/20/2020: And now on to actual coding! — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
    + +
  • »
    • + +
  • 10/20/2020: And now on to actual coding!
    • + + +
  • + + + View page source + + +
    • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

10/20/2020: And now on to actual coding!

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+

NOTE: I need to remember to start recording the session – so each class, feel free to pipe up and remind me!

+

And use the chat to inject questions: Subhiksha will be monitoring it.

+

Also: I’ll try to have a break every hour – ping me if I forget!

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Up today:

+
+
Angela J Asgekar
+

+
Kalana De Silva
+

+
Devin Kiehl Duval
+

+
Jason Emmett Hill
+

+
+

Are you ready? We’ll do them somewhere in the middle of the lesson.

+
+
+

Introductions:

+

Your TA: Subhiksha Mukuntharaj

+

A few students that didn’t get a chance to introduce themsleves last class:

+

A tiny bit about yourself, your programming background, and why you want to learn Python. And your gitHub handle.

+
    +

  • Sopheaktr L Danh

    • +

  • Nathan Marc Debard

    • +

  • Jin Han

    • +

  • James Roefs

    • +

  • Hua Shao

    • +

  • Quinn Yackulic

    • +
+
+
+

Getting set up, and Infrastructure

+

The primary goal of last week was to get you all set up to do development in Python. There were two components of that

+
+

1) Your Workstation Development Environment

+

You should all be now set up to run Create, Edit, and Run Python files, and have git running locally:

+
    +

  • Programmer’s Text Editor with linting enabled.

    • +

  • Command line terminal: Terminal, DOS box, gitBash +- Anyone try the new Windows Terminal?

    • +

  • git – run from cammand line, or Tortoise git, or …

    • +

  • cPython version 3.8.* or 3.9.*

    • +
+

Have all of you got that running?

+

(Zoom Poll ….)

+
+
+

2) git / gitHub Classroom

+

The second, and harder part is gitHub classroom.

+

Sorry about the false start – it was buggy!

+

But we’ve settled on a workflow, and hopefully it will suport that workflow consitently.

+

In general, most of you seem to have got the basics down:

+
+
    +

  • Accepting the assignment

    • +

  • Cloning the assignment repo onto your machine.

    • +

  • Adding a file to git

    • +

  • Commiting your changes

    • +

  • Pushing your changes to gitHub.

    • +
+
+

Did you all get a gitHub Classroom repo working?

+

(zoom poll)

+
+

branching

+

Now we need to add one more step: creating a branch to work in.

+

The workflow you will be using in this class is published in the class “textbook” here:

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/github_classroom.html

+

Let’s run through the process with the first “real” assignment:

+

Grid Printer

+

Can I have a Volunteer?

+

(you can all follow along … )

+
+
+
+

About git

+

Now that we’ve done that, a few thoughts on git:

+

Do you have any conceptual Questions?

+
+
+

Notes:

+

git is very flexible, and does not lose data easily. However, it is much harder to undo things than it is to make changes. So you will be happier if you take some extra care to not commit changes that you don’t want. Some hints:

+
    +

  • Always do a git status before you commit – make sure that the stuff you are going to commit is what you want!

    +
      +

    • note that if you do git commit it will only commit those files listed under “staged for commit”. But if you do git commit -a (-a for all) then it will commit everything modified, i.e. “Changes not staged for commit:”.

      • +
    +
    • +
+

Note in the status report:

+
$ git status
+On branch master
+Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+    modified:   notes_for_class/source/lesson02.rst
+
+...
+
+
+

It even tells you want to do: use git add to stage particular files, or git checkout to revert a file back to its state as of the last commit. It doesn’t mention git commit -a, but that will commmit everything that is “not staged for commit”.

+

If you are careful before the commit stage, then you won’t have to “roll back” changes very often.

+

But if you do:

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/git_hints.html#backing-out-a-change

+

There are other nifty hints on that page, if you get stuck.

+
+
+
+

Break Time!

+

10min break, then a few lightning talks:

+
+
Angela J Asgekar
+

+
Kalana De Silva
+

+
+
+
+

Break Me

+

Most of you seemed to do fine making the few key exceptions – any questions?

+

Note:

+

We were not expecting you to catch the exceptions – we’re really starting at the bottom here, just making sure you get used to seeing common exceptions, and what they mean.

+

We’ll get into Exception handling later.

+

And yes, once you get a SyntaxError, nothing will run. That is the point. So commenting it out (or fixing it :-) ) after you get it fine.

+
+
+

Now some new stuff

+
+

Coding Bat

+

The coding bat sight is a great place to find some quick programming challeges:

+

https://codingbat.com/python

+

Let’s do one – and then you can play around on your own.

+
+
+
+

Break Time!

+

10min break, then two more lightning talks:

+
+
Devin Kiehl Duval
+

+
Jason Emmett Hill
+
+
+

Grid Printer

+

Get a start on your own, then we’ll come together and finish it up.

+

Grid Printer Exercise

+
+
+

Fizz Buzz

+

Get a start on your own, then we’ll come together and finish it up.

+

Grid Printer Exercise

+
+
+

Recursion

+

Get a start on your own, then we’ll come together and finish it up.

+

(seeing a pattern here?)

+

Fibonacci Series Exercise

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson03.html b/lesson03.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..90878d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson03.html @@ -0,0 +1,422 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 10/27/2020: Real code! — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

10/27/2020: Real code!

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Up today:

+

From last week:

+

Jason Emmett Hill

+

And then:

+

Jimmy Nguyen

+

Brian H Wong

+

Arielle Waller (Ari)

+

Erik J Knighton

+

Are you ready? We’ll do them in the middle of the lesson.

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

MS Teams

+

Are you all on it?

+
+
+

gitHub “Failures”

+

Sorry about that – that’s a “linter”, set up to check style issues. I’ve turned it off for teh next few assignments.

+
+
+

main or master?

+

the default branch for git (and gitHub) used be called master. Soyou will see a LOT of docs talking abou tthe master branch. But gitHub now uses “main” for the default branch. Most of our TEmplate repos for the class were created before they made the switch, so the default branch is called “master”. But you may start seeing “main” used too.

+

The key point is that he name of the branch is arbitrary, the only special about “main” or “master” is that it is the default branch. Other than that, it, or any other branch, could be called anything.

+
+
+

git chaos!

+

If you have somethign wierd going on with git, there are a few options:

+
    +

  • Google it – there is a LOT of infomation about git online.

    • +

  • Too much information, we have some git hints that might help you out of a jam for this class:

    • +
+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/git_hints.html

+

If all else fails:

+

One of the great things about git is that is a “distributed” version control system. That means that every copy (clone) of a repository has all teh information in it. And what that means is that if the clone on your workstation gets in a mess – you can smiply make another clone from gitHub and start again. If you move or rename the old (confused) one – then all the files in it will still be there, so you can copy any of your work that had not been pushed to gitHub over to the new clone.

+
+
+

git commit and PR messages

+

At this poiint, it’s pretty obvious what you are doing. But as the projects get more complicated, it won’t be.

+

So please put meaningful commit and PR messages – particularly PR messages!

+

This is a really good habit to get into for future development work.

+
+
+

PEP08 and a linter

+

It is a really good idea to get in the habit of using consistent style in your code – i.e. follow PEP08.

+

And this is really easy to do if you have a linter set up in your editor. If you haven’t gotten that to work – do try to do so soon!

+

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

+

Even more important that all of that:

+

Use four spaces per indent

+

ALWAYS

+
+
+

What’s a docstring ?

+
+
+

if __name__ == __main__

+

What’s that all about?

+

Note: There’s a video in Lesson 2 – anyone still confused?

+
+
+

What is a range() object?

+

What does range actually create? Let’s check it out!

+
+
+

triple quoted strings or comments?

+

It’s not a good practice to use triple qluoted streings to “comment out” blocks of code.

+

Use comments:

+

# this is a line of code +# and this is another +# and one more.

+

Your editor / IDE should make that easy!

+
+
+

Separation of Concerns

+

From print_grid: if you are going to have separate functions, better for them to return a string, and then put all the printing in the calling function, in one place. That would make it more re-usable – say you want to write to a file?

+

This is a tiny example of what’s known as “separation of concerns”

+
+
+

for vs while

+

Quite a few folks used a while loop in print_grid, +and sum_series, and …

+

But for all these cases, a for loop (and range()) is a better option.

+

So: When to use for vs while ?

+
    +

  • You can do everything with a while loop – you never actually need for

    • +
+

But:

+

for is pretty handy primarily for looping through the items in an iterable – doing the similar things to everything in a collection.

+

And range() is an easy-to-create collection of a sequence of integers of a given size.

+

So in short:

+

Use while when you want to repeat something some unknown number of times – maybe a few times maybe thousands…

+

Use for when you want to work with an entire collection, or a pre-determined number of loops.

+
+
+

is vs ==

+

In FizzBuzz, someone had code something like this:

+

` +if n % 3 is 0: +`

+

That works, but it’s a “Bad Idea™”

+

“is” tests whether the objects are actually the same object – not whether they have the same value. As you can easily have multiple objects that happen to have the same value, “is” will fail in the general case.

+

But why did it work there?

+

This works because cpython has an optimization called “interning” – since small integers are used so often, the interpreter keeps a pool of them around to re-use, rather than creating multiple integer objects with the same value.

+

So “is” will work as a test for small integers, but not large ones:

+
In [65]: x = 5
+
+In [66]: y = 5
+
+In [67]: x is y
+Out[67]: True
+
+In [68]: x = 345678
+
+In [69]: y = 345678
+
+In [70]: x is y
+Out[70]: False
+
+
+

NOTE: This is also the case for small strings.

+

Important: This is an implementation detail. Do not count on it!

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and do some of the lightning talks…

+

Jason Hill

+

Jimmy Nguyen

+

Brian H Wong

+
+
+

Review Solutions

+

I’ve posted my solutions to last week’s assignments in the class repo:

+
git pull
+
+
+

They are in:

+
solutions/Lesson02
+
+
+

But before we do that – code review / refactoring:

+

Angela – can we look at your code?

+
+

Coding Bat

+

Anyone get stuck on any and want to give it a look?

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and do the rest of the lightning talks…

+

Ari Waller

+

Erik J Knighton

+
+
+

Now some new stuff

+
+

Labs:

+

Get a start on your own, then we’ll come together and finish it up.

+

Slicing Lab

+

List Lab

+

String Formatting Exercise

+
+
+

Mailroom

+

Let’s start this as a group:

+

Mailroom

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson04.html b/lesson04.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fd6a48 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson04.html @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 11/02/2020: A actual Program! — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

11/02/2020: A actual Program!

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+
+
Quinn Yackulic
+

+
Kelly Kauffman
+

+
James Roefs
+

+
Jonathan Paul Bednar
+

+
Jeff Bennett
+
+

As usual, these notes are published here:

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert-classrepos.github.io/Python310-Fall-2020/

+

And the Solutions are in teh gitHub project:

+

https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert-ClassRepos/Python310-Fall-2020

+

Quick Poll: how many of you have a clone of that repo on your machine?

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

Style

+

Use PEP8 style – really!

+

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/

+

The ONLY exception is if you work in an organization that has a different style guide. It can make sense for your python code to match other code in an organization. But otherwise, use a style consistent with the rest of the Python world.

+

The best way to do this is with a linter in your editor – like the Anaconda package in Sublime. If you are getting annoyed by all the “noise” that the linter creates – keep your code in PEP8 style, it won’t be there!

+

And don’t use “Hungarian Notation” – it is really non-pythonic, and sometimes actually wrong – and a string called intSomething just adds confusion!

+

Also: use meaningful names, not “item” or “tup” or ….

+
+
+

Built in names

+

Python has a number of “key words” that are reserved. If you try to use them as a variable name, you will get an error:

+
In [1]: for = 5
+  File "<ipython-input-1-36df406aa65d>", line 1
+    for = 5
+        ^
+SyntaxError: invalid syntax
+
+
+

Sometimes a bit confusing, as it’s not REALLY a syntax error, but rather using a keyword as a variable….

+

But there are also a LOT of “built in” names. Try:

+
dir(__builtins__)
+
+
+

You can use these names for a variable, but when you do, it will write over the built-in one, which means that you then can’t use it in the usual way. For instance, list is the list type, you can make a list out of any sequence with it:

+
In [6]: list("this")
+Out[6]: ['t', 'h', 'i', 's']
+
+
+

But if you use it as a name, it then won’t work in the usual way:

+
In [7]: list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+In [8]: list
+Out[8]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+In [9]: list("this")
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
+<ipython-input-9-c89f7438771a> in <module>()
+----> 1 list("this")
+
+TypeError: 'list' object is not callable
+
+
+

Moral of the story:

+

Don’t “shadow” built in names

+

Use things like:

+
my_list
+infile
+
+
+

or even misspellings or adding an underscore:

+

klass or cls or _class instead of class

+

Hopefully your editor will warn you – otherwise, think about it when you get a strange error like:

+
In [14]: input = "this was some input"
+
+In [15]: input("=>")
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
+<ipython-input-15-56a225daeb09> in <module>()
+----> 1 input("=>")
+
+TypeError: 'str' object is not callable
+
+
+
+
+

Mutable default parameters

+

There was a video on this – any questions about it?

+

If not then we’ll move on …

+

But if you are confused ….

+

This is a real “gotcha” in Python. Someone (in a previous class) wrote a non-recursive solution to the sum_series problem. It worked great – EXCEPT if it got called more than once! Any idea what the problem is?

+

(examples\lesson04\series_with_mutable.py)

+
def sum_series(nth=1, sequence=[0,1]):
+    """
+    Generate a list of sums given a seed and return the Nth number.
+    """
+    for i in range(2, nth):
+        sequence.append(sequence[i-2] + sequence[i-1])
+    return sequence[nth-1]
+
+
+

So this uses the logic of starting out with the first two values in the series, and then looping to build up the series from there.

+

And [0, 1] is set as a default to start the series off – the start of the Fibonacci series. So if you pass in only one argument, you should get the Fibonacci number:

+

Remember that the start of the Fibonacci series is:

+
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...
+
+
+

What happens when you run this code:

+
In [21]: sum_series(5)
+Out[21]: 3
+
+
+

All good.

+
+

In [22]: sum_series(6) +Out[22]: 1 +# WTF???

+
+

The issue is that:

+

Default Arguments get evaluated when the function is defined. So every time the function is called, it will use the same list! Each time adding more and more to the list.

+

Let’s explore that some more, and some solutions….

+
+
+

Recursion in an interactive loop

+

Not a great idea!

+

you can do something like:

+
def mainloop():
+    while True:
+        ans = input("A question > ")
+        ....
+        if ans == "again"
+            mainloop()
+
+
+

Let’s look at this:

+

examples/lesson04/recursive_mainloop.py

+

(do a git pull if you have a clone of the class repo)

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

let’s take a break, and then:

+
+
Quinn Yackulic
+

+
Kelly Kauffman
+

+
James Roefs
+
+
+

Slicing and List labs

+

Any questions?

+
+

Altering a list while looping through it

+

what could go wrong with this code?

+
for i in a_list:
+    if some_condition:
+        a_list.remove(i)
+
+
+

Let’s try it out …

+

examples/lesson04/deleting_in_loop.py

+
+
+

Sorting

+

Anyone confused about sorting? Shall we go over it?

+

examples/lesson04/sort_example.py

+
+
+
+

String Formatting

+

Are you starting to get it? There is a LOT there. But it lets you do some fancy stuff with not much code.

+
+
+

My solutions

+

Let’s look at some solutions quickly.

+
+

mailroom

+

Anyone get it done?

+

Should we look at my solution – or review one of yours?

+

Or wait ?

+
+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+
+
Jonathan Paul Bednar
+

+
Jeff Bennett
+
+
+
+

New Material

+

Any questions on

+

Unit Testing or Exceptions?

+

(we’ll start some in class)

+
+

Unit Testing and TDD

+

Compared to most Python courses, we are introducing unit testing really early. In fact, earlier that we used to in this class, which was already early.

+

But it is a REALLY good habit to get into, and, in fact, can help beginners just as much (maybe more) than more experienced developers.

+
+ +
+

Testing Mailroom

+

Key point here:

+

You will need to refactor your code in order to make it testable.

+

That is a “Good Thing”

+

Well structured code is testable : testable code is (Probably) well structured.

+

This is one reason we’re introducing unit tests right now.

+

Shall we get a start on that together?

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson05.html b/lesson05.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..093af19 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson05.html @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 11/19/2020: testing, testing, 1, 2, 3 — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
    + +
  • »
    • + +
  • 11/19/2020: testing, testing, 1, 2, 3
    • + + +
  • + + + View page source + + +
    • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

11/19/2020: testing, testing, 1, 2, 3

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+
+
Hua Shao
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+

+
Yazmery De Leon Guzman
+

+
Matthew Edoimioya (Matt)
+
+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+

A few of you have not gotten the first Mailroom submitted (and some missing earlier assignments as well).

+

Do remember that we need you to submit in Canvas – with a link to a PR in the gitHub classroom repo, in order for us to know you’ve done it.

+
+

git and generated files

+

In general, you don’t want to put generated files in git.

+

That could be files your code creates (next week anyway), or files ceated by your IDE, or Python itself (e.g. __pycache__)

+

Caution: be very careful with git add . or git add * – generally better to specifically add the files you now you need.

+

Or: git add *.py

+

One “trick” is to run git status first, and you’ll see what files are there that git will add …

+
+

The .gitignore file

+

.gitignore tells git what files you want it to ignore. +It is supposed to help keep you from accidentally adding extra stuff, and to keep git from bugging you about “untracked files” that you don’t want it track.

+

We’ve put a .gitignore fiel in the classroom repos – but gitHub is apparenlty sometimes skipping them :-(

+
+
+
+

Iterating through a Sequence

+

What’s wrong with this code?

+

(OK, not wrong, but less than ideal ….)

+
def list_donornames():
+    """Lists all donors"""
+    for i, __ in enumerate(list_donors):
+        print(list_donors[i][0])
+
+
+
+
+

Code structure

+

That brings us to code structure:

+

This is a tricky topic – hard to have clear “rules”

+

One thing to keep in mind is that any “block” of code (usually a function) should only have to know about what it is directly working with.

+

So a function that is doing something with a single donor should only know about a single donor – it doesn’t need to know about how all the donors are stored.

+
def total_donations(index):
+    return sum(donor_table[index][1])
+
+
+

vs.

+
def total_donations(donor):
+    return sum(donor[1])
+
+
+
+
+

Test names

+

Try to give your tests meaningful names. If “test_3” fails, that doesn’t tell you much, but if “test_donor_not_there” fails, you have a much better idea, at a glance, what may be wrong.

+

(Apologies: I put names like that in the test_walnut_party example)

+
+
+

assert something is True ?

+

Is this necessary?

+
assert something is True
+or
+assert something is False
+
+
+

Well, no. Assertions are, by definition, looking for Truthiness, so:

+
assert something
+or
+assert not something
+
+
+

will do just fine.

+
+
+

Long strings in code

+

Sometimes you want to put a long string (too long for one line) in your code. +But using a triple-quoted string either puts in extra whitespace, or messes with the indentation of the code.

+

Handy hint: two strings next to each other without anything (but whitespace) in between get joined by the python compiler:

+
In [10]: s = "part one:" "part two"
+
+In [11]: s
+Out[11]: 'part one:part two'
+
+
+

Combine that with an parentheses for implied line continuation:

+
In [15]: a_message = ("You can build up a long, "
+    ...:              "string by putting it in "
+    ...:              "multiple quoted lines.\n"
+    ...:              "And even add newlines, and "
+    ...:              "all sorts of other stuff!"
+    ...:              )
+
+In [16]: print(a_message)
+You can build up a long, string by putting it in multiple quoted lines.
+And even add newlines, and all sorts of other stuff!
+
+
+
+
+

sum

+

Did everyone find the sum() built in function?

+

How about max() and min()

+
+
+

Mailroom with Exceptions and unit tests …

+

If you have a lot of names to import from a module:

+
from mailroom import (get_donor_index,
+                      donor_list,
+                      print_report,
+                      donor_sort_by_total,
+                      donor_sort_by_number_donations,
+                     ...
+                     )
+
+
+

But if I’m importing more than, say three or so names, I prefer to use a short name for the module:

+
import mailroom as mr
+
+mr.get_donor_index()
+
+
+
+
+

Testing printing…

+

It really shouldn’t be necessary to test printing – Python’s print function is well tested already :-) The trick is to make sure you don’t have any logic that you do need to test in the code that’s doing the printing.

+

And pytest is already “capturing” stdout, which is where print goes, so it’s a bit tricky to do.

+

But if you REALLY need to do, this is how it can be done:

+

https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/capture.html#accessing-captured-output-from-a-test-function

+

That makes use of a pytest “fixture” – which we have not gotten into yet.

+

Let’s check it out.

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and do some now.

+
+
Hua Shao
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+
+
+
+

Review Mailroom?

+

Or move on to new material?

+

Time Check: I do want to have time to get to the new stuff!

+

If there is time:

+

Review Shadel’s Code? or someone else’s?

+
+ +
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and do some now.

+
+
Yazmery De Leon Guzman
+

+
Matthew Edoimioya (Matt)
+
+
+

trigrams

+

This is a really fun one – but challenging.

+

Let’s get a start on it!

+
+
+
+

New Assignments

+
+

Exceptions

+

Exceptions take a little while to “wrap your head around”.

+

Shall we do the Exercise together?

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/exercises/except_exercise.html

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson06.html b/lesson06.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d352001 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson06.html @@ -0,0 +1,468 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 11/17/2020: Odd sentences … — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

11/17/2020: Odd sentences …

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+
+
Rose Nyameke
+

+
Hua Shao
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+

+
Farhan Samani
+

+
Katrina Seok Taylor
+

+
+
+
+

Coding Workflow

+

As you are developing your code, you really want to have an quick and efficient way to run you code and see if it’s working, how it’s changed, etc.

+

You may have noticed that for a program like Mailroom, you may have to do a few steps if user interaction to get to the part of the code you are working on. So how do you work on that efficiently?

+

The “right” way to do it is something called “Test Driven Development”, which we are doing – but hard for user-interaction!

+
    +

  • You want to break your code down into small functions that each do one thing.

    • +

  • You should be able to run each function by itself.

    • +
+

If you are doing that, then as you develop your code, you can write and run each function until it’s doing what it’s supposed to do, and THEN put it all together.

+

One way to run a function is to call it in the __name__ == "__main__" block. You can then comment and uncomment each call as you work on your code.

+

So, for instance, while developing the interactive menues for mailroom:

+
if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # create a global for the donor data.
+    donor_db = get_donor_db()
+    main_menu()
+    # thank_you_menu
+
+
+

So I can uncomment our the menu code I’m working on.

+

Also: you really, really need a way to run your code with a couple keystrokes!!

+
+
+

Notes on Testing

+
+

Isolated tests

+

Each test should be isolated – so that it doesn’t rely on any other tests running first, or break any tests that come after it.

+

So how do you do that with test data that might change – like a test for adding a new donor?

+

If you put some test data in a function:

+
def get_test_db():
+    return {'william gates iii': ("William Gates III", [653772.32, 12.17]),
+            'jeff bezos': ("Jeff Bezos", [877.33]),
+            'paul allen': ("Paul Allen", [663.23, 43.87, 1.32]),
+            'mark zuckerberg': ("Mark Zuckerberg", [1663.23, 4300.87, 10432.0]),
+            }
+
+
+

Then, in each test that needs a donor_db:

+
def test_something():
+    # get a clean one to work with.
+    db = get_test_db
+
+
+

This is a simple example of a “fixture”. pytest has features to make more complex fixtures – but this will do for now.

+

What if your donor db is global? YOu can reset that, too!

+

(Let’s look at my solution)

+
+
+

Comprehensive Testing

+

Comprehensive testing is HARD. In fact, it’s impossible.

+

We do what we can – but what to do when you find an issue that wasn’t tested for?

+

In the supplied tests for trigrams, there was a test for make_sentence(): That’s a tricky one, as it’s supposed to be random. So it tested for some aspects of what the function returned, but very much missed some!

+

For example, one of you found:

+

“… make_sentence() function always returns ‘Blind blind blind blind blind blind.’ with test_dict”

+

Oops! that’s clearly wrong. So what to do?

+

First – maybe that wasn’t very comprehensive test to begin with – sorry.

+

But your tests will nver be comprehensive – you will find bugs after the fact. So the when you do, the first thing to do is write a test that exercises that bug – i.e. one that does fail with your broken code.

+
+
+
+

Minor issues that came up during the week.

+
+

What does “in a dict” mean?

+

Remember that:

+

something in a_dict checks if something is a key

+

So no need for:

+

something in dict.keys()

+
+
+

Looping through a dict

+

If you need just the keys:

+
for k in a_dict:
+   ...
+
+
+

If you need just the values:

+
for v in a_dict.values():
+   ...
+
+
+

If you need both:

+
for k, v in a_dict.items():
+   ...
+
+
+
+
+

Getting an arbitrary key from a dict

+

See arbitrary_key.py in examples/lesson06

+

Let’s take a look …

+
+
+

islice

+

This constuct is pretty cool for trigrams:

+
for w1, w2, w3 in zip(word_list[:-2], word_list[1:-1], word_list[2:]):
+
+
+

But remember that slicing makes a copy – so this is making three copies of the full word list. Computers have a LOT of memory these days, but it’s still better to not waste it.

+

Turns out there is a alternative:

+

https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/itertools.html#itertools.islice

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and then hear some lightning talks:

+
+

+
Rose Nyameke
+

+
Hua Shao
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+

+
+
+
+

Mailroom issues:

+
+

dict as switch – how do you leave the loop?

+

Let’s look at a particularly nifty solution:

+

solutions/Lesson05/mailroom

+
+
+

what does “global” mean?

+

There is a “global” namespace, and there is the global keyword. What is the difference? when do you need to use global?

+

TL;DR : There is nothing wrong with using global names – but you VERY RARELY should use the global keyword!

+

(Devin’s example)

+
+
+

readlines() ?

+

Quite a few of you have code like this:

+
with open(filename, "r") as f:
+    full_lines = f.readlines()
+
+for line in full_lines:
+    ...
+
+
+

Nothing wrong with that, but …

+

.readlines() reads the entire contents of the file into memory all at once. Memory is big and cheap these days, but what if it’s a REALLY big file?

+

If you are going to process the file line by line anyway, you might as well do:

+
with open(filename, "r") as f:
+    for line in f:
+        ...
+
+
+

That will loop though the file line by line, but only store one line at a time in memory. The file system and disk should have a smart cache, so that it will be just as fast, but more memory efficient.

+

And one less line of code …

+
+
+

Binary vs text files

+

open() uses text mode (default encoding – utf-8?) by default. It will try to decode the file into text. If you open a binary file that way it will likely barf.

+
open(the_filename, 'rb'
+
+
+

Is the way to open a binary file (note the “b”) – this weill read the bytes in the file, with no alteration.

+

For more on what “decode” means:

+

Unicode in Python

+
+
+

Any Questions about the homework – or anything?

+

review trigrams?

+

review mailroom?

+
+
+
+

Break and Lightning talks

+
+

+
Farhan Samani
+

+
Katrina Seok Taylor
+

+
+
+
+

New material:

+
+

Comprehensions

+

Let’s take a few minutes to go through it in class:

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/comprehensions_lab.html

+
+
+

Advanced Argument Passing

+

All this *arg, **kwargs stuff a bit confusing?

+

Let’s explore it a bit.

+

AND – we’ll use TDD to do it.

+

Exercise in the class notes here:

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/args_kwargs_lab.html

+
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson07.html b/lesson07.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9928df --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson07.html @@ -0,0 +1,581 @@ + + + + + + + + + + 11/24/2020: import this — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

11/24/2020: import this

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

We’ve gotten a bit behind – so lots of lightning talks today!

+
+

+
Micha Park
+

+
Sopheaktr L Danh
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+

+
Farhan Samani
+

+
Katrina Seok Taylor
+

+
Bishal Gupta
+

+
Maria G Berschauer
+

+
Nathan Marc Debard
+

+
+
+
+

Scheduling:

+

This is Thanksgiving week – Are Sunday office hours still good?

+

If I held additional office hours, would you come?

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

Naming Things

+

There’s an adage in programming:

+

+Naming Things is Hard

It really is. But it’s also important. Good names for variables make the code a lot easier to read and understand.

+

This may seem like a non-issue when you are working on a small project. When you are in the middle of it, you know exactly what you mean when you are working with a variable called “i” or “item” or “key”. But when you go read the code a week, month, year later – and when that variable is defined somewhere off the page, you really will get confused.

+

And even worse are names that are just plain “wrong” (probably due to refactoring) a function called print_something that doesn’t print anything, a variable called donor that is really a list of past donations, you get the idea.

+

Believe me, when I read your code, I really do get confused when variables don’t mean what their name suggests they mean. And you will et confused as well, when you re-read the code later one – maybe even only a week later.

+

Also, in a larger project, you are stuck with the names you choose up front – at least with ones for functions and classes that will be used elsewhere. So it’s really worth putting some thought into it right up front.

+
+
+

Style

+

Some of you are still not following PEP 8 style. If you can’t (or don’t want to) set up a linter in your editor or IDE, you can run pycodestyle on your code.

+

https://pycodestyle.readthedocs.io

+

python3 -m pip install pycodestyle

+

Let’s give it a quick try.

+
+

Auto-fixing style

+

If you don’t want to fix all that by hand, there are tools to do it for you.

+

Some options are:

+
+ + +
+

Black

+

https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/

+

These are in order of how “opinionated” or “intrusive” they are. AutoPEP8 only fixes actual PEP8 violations. YAPF is fairly configurable as to what it does, and exactly how. Black only does one thing: make all the code in the Black style.

+
+

“You can have your code in any style you want – as long as it’s Black”

+
+

Adapted from the famous quote by Henry Ford about the model T:

+
+
+

Maybe give one of them a try. You can also likely plug one or the other into your editor.

+
+
+
+

Chaining or, etc.

+

This looks pretty nifty:

+
while answer != 'x' or 'r' or 't' or 'a':
+    do_something()
+
+
+

But does that mean what you expect it to?

+

will it ever be False?

+

Let’s play with that…

+
+

Operator Precedence

+

This table tells you which operators have “Precedence” over each other – that is, which are evaluated first:

+

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence

+

When in doubt – add parenthesis to make it clear. Is there any way to add parentheses that works for the above?

+
+
+

Comparison Chaining

+

Another complication in all this is chaining of comparisons:

+

https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#comparisons

+

It allows you to do nifty (and very readable) things like:

+
if a < b < c:
+    do_something()
+
+
+

That’s nice, ‘cause it looks a lot like math – simple and clear.

+

and it means:

+
if (a < b) and (b < c):
+    do_something()
+
+
+

So with chaining, you can’t just add parentheses to make it clear.

+

Also – like with and and or, chaining “shortcuts”. In the example above, if a is not less than b, then c will never be evaluated. And b will only be evaluated once in any case.

+

So what’s going on here?

+
In [41]: 2 < 5 in range(3)
+Out[41]: False
+
+In [42]: (2 < 5) in range(3)
+Out[42]: True
+
+In [43]: 2 < (5 in range(3))
+Out[43]: False
+
+
+

Turns out that in, not, not in are considered comparison operators too (at least in this context)

+
+
+
+

Mutating vs. re-assigning

+

I’ve seen code like this in a few trigram solutions:

+

output = output + [follower]

+

(output is a list of strings, follower is a single string)

+

What it does is add a new item to a list.

+

But is that an efficient way to do that?

+

If you are adding one element to a list – append() is the way to go.

+

output_list.append(random_trigram_followers)

+

Using addition works fine, but it’s creating a whole new list (actually: two new lists) just to throw it away again.

+

And if you are adding another list of objects, you want to use extend().

+

With this code:

+

output = output + [follower]

+

This is what happens:

+
    +

  1. Create a one-element list with follower in it.

    2. +

  2. Create a new list with the contents of output and that just created list.

    3. +

  3. Re-assign the name output to that new list.

    4. +

  4. Throw away the original list output was bound to, and the temporary list created for follower.

    5. +
+

That’s a LOT of overhead!

+
+

mutating vs assigning

+

Be cognizant of when you are mutating (changing) an object vs. creating a new one and assigning it to the same name. When you do assignment (=) you are probably creating a new object – is that what you want? And if you are NOT using =, then you are probably mutating an existing object.

+

+= is different – it is the “in_place” operator, so:

+

a_list += another_list

+

does not create an new list – it adds to the original list “in place” – it is identical to:

+

a_list.extend(another_list)

+

And it is an efficient operation.

+

The trick is that the “augmented assignment” operators, like += do create new object when used with an immutable:

+
In [4]: tup1 = tup2 = (1, 2, 3)
+
+In [5]: tup1 is tup2
+Out[5]: True
+
+In [6]: tup1 += (4, 5)
+
+In [7]: tup1 is tup2
+Out[7]: False
+
+In [9]: tup1
+Out[9]: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
+
+In [10]: tup2
+Out[10]: (1, 2, 3)
+
+
+

Contrast this with (mutable) lists:

+
In [11]: list1 = list2 = [1, 2, 3]
+
+In [12]: list1 += [3, 4]
+
+In [13]: list1 is list2
+Out[13]: True
+
+In [14]: list1
+Out[14]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]
+
+In [15]: list2
+Out[15]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]
+
+
+

Personally, I think it’s a “wart” that augmented assignment may or may not be a mutating operation.

+

But at the time it was added, there were two goals:

+
    +

  1. Efficient in-place operations on mutables (partly to support numpy)

    2. +

  2. Quick and easy incrementing of values, in particular integers:

    3. +
+

i += 1

+

And no one wanted to add two new sets of operators.

+

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0203/

+
+
+
+

What to return?

+

It is a convention in Python to return a new object if one is created (kind of necessary, actually), but to return None if a new object is NOT created – i.e. the existing object is mutated. Contrast strings and lists:

+

Strings are immutable, so they can’t be changed in place:

+
In [11]: a_string = "this is a string"
+
+In [12]: new_string = a_string.capitalize()
+
+In [13]: print(new_string)
+This is a string
+
+In [14]: print(a_string)
+this is a string
+
+
+

Whereas lists are mutable, and they CAN be changed in place:

+
In [15]: a_list = [4, 2, 8, 3, 9, 1, 4]
+
+In [16]: new_list = a_list.sort()
+
+In [17]: print(new_list)
+None
+
+In [18]: print(a_list)
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 8, 9]
+
+
+

note that the mutating method, .sort() returns None. This makes it a bit annoying sometimes, as you can’t chain operations, but it also makes it less confusing.

+

This is a standard practice in the Python standard library, but you really should follow it in your own code:

+
def add_donor(new_donor):
+    """
+    add a new donor to the global donor database
+    """
+    ...
+    return None
+
+
+

This REALLY should not return the global donor database.

+

Similarly, if a function takes a mutable on input, and changes it in place, it should not return the passed-in object:

+
def add_donation(donor, donation):
+    """
+    add a new donation to a donor
+
+    :param donor: the donor object to add the donation to
+
+    :param donation: the donation to add
+    """
+
+    donor[1].append(donation)
+
+    # don't do this!!!!
+    return donor
+
+
+

This should return None to indicate that the passed-in donor object was changed in place.

+
+
+
+

Break – Then Lightning Talks

+
+
Micha Park
+

+
Sopheaktr L Danh
+

+
Vikram Raghavan
+

+
Farhan Samani
+

+
+
+
+

Packaging

+

Are you all thoroughly confused now?

+

There are a number of subtleties here:

+
+

relative importing

+

what the heck does:

+

from .mailroom import model as m

+

mean?

+

What about:

+

from ..mailroom.cli import main ?

+
+
+

Where does Python look for modules and packages?

+

sys.path: let’s take a look.

+

Note that the current working directory is put on sys,path by default – what are the implications of that?

+
+
+

what about scripts??

+

It turns out that the “old” scripts keyword to setup() is not totally reliable (particularly on Windows). And it can cause some complications. I always liked the simplicity of scripts, but it really is a better idea to use setuptools’ console_scripts entry point.

+

But the errors we saw are instructive – so let’s take a look. In particular, what happens when you have a script with the same name as your package?

+

Let’s take a look at my packaged up mailroom to see how that works.

+
+
+
+

args and kwargs

+

Python’s very flexible parameter specification and argument passing is really powerful, but it can be confusing:

+

Any particular confusions?

+

What to look at my *args, **kwargs Lab?

+
+
+

Break – Then Lightning Talks

+
+

+
Katrina Seok Taylor
+

+
Bishal Gupta
+

+
Maria G Berschauer
+

+
Nathan Marc Debard
+

+
+
+

Any other questions/issues before we get into classes?

+

Note that we’ll be employing packaging and testing the rest of the class, so if you don’t quite “get it”, you’ll have more chances :-)

+
+
+
+

Classes!

+

Classes are the core of Object Oriented programming. Rather than talk about them in the abstract, we’ll start doing a real problem, and talk about the pieces as we go.

+

So: on to the Object oriented intro!

+

https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/exercises/oo_intro/oo_intro.html

+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson08.html b/lesson08.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d14aef --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson08.html @@ -0,0 +1,319 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Dec 1, 2020: A Classy Topic — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Dec 1, 2020: A Classy Topic

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

David Brandt

+

Matt Parmett

+

Victor Alexander Orozco

+

Shadle A Stewart

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

for – else

+

how many of you remember that you can use else with for?

+

From the Report Class:

+
def remove_row(self, row_id):
+
+    """Remove a row object by the row ID"""
+
+    for r in self.rows:
+        if r.row_id == row_id:
+            foundid = r
+            break
+    try:
+        foundid == r
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Invalid row_id.")
+    self.rows.remove(foundid)
+    return None
+
+
+
+
+

What to test? And how?

+

Make sure you test what matters about a function’s result – it’s easiest (particularly if you wrote the code first) to simply match results, but your system will be more flexible if you test for the parts that matter, and won’t change.

+

Ideally, your tests should be as isolated as possible. So if you, for instance, need to test that the correct letter is generated from a donor object, then create a donor object in the test, and pass that in, rather than pulling it from the donor_db – that way, the donor_db could be broken, and the individual tests will pass.

+

For a function that creates substantial output – like maybe a thanks you letter, yest parts of the letter that matter, rather than the entire text:

+
    +

  • Was the donor’s name inserted correctly?

    • +

  • Was the donation amount inserted correctly?

    • +

  • any other part that tests the logic of the function.

    • +
+

That way, you can change the details of the letter template, and the tests will still pass.

+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Let’s take a break and …

+

David Brandt

+

Matt Parmett

+
+
+
+

The Report Class and basic OO

+

Any thoughts / questions?

+

did attrgetter make sense?

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Victor Alexander Orozco

+

Shadle A Stewart

+
+
+
+

Magic Methods

+

This next topic is key to making your classes “fit in” with the built-ins.

+

Let’s start with the Row class – and give it a __repr__: that would have helped a number of you with debugging :-)

+
+

Python static vs. class methods

+

If any of you have a backgroun din Java/C++/C# – this will be familiar, but maybe not what you expect.

+

So let’s go over it a bit …

+

Static and Class Methods

+
+
+

Circular Reasoning

+

Now let’s get a start on the Circle class

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson09.html b/lesson09.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7982e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson09.html @@ -0,0 +1,401 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Dec 8, 2020: Around around and around we go … — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
    + +
  • »
    • + +
  • Dec 8, 2020: Around around and around we go …
    • + + +
  • + + + View page source + + +
    • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Dec 8, 2020: Around around and around we go …

+

A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized.

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Christopher Duane Smith

+

Maria Corazon M Dacutanan

+

Akalpit Gadre

+

Roohie Menon

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

classmethods

+

You really want to use the cls parameter in a classmethod:

+
@classmethod
+def from_diameter(cls, diameter):
+    radius = diameter / 2
+    return Circle(radius)
+
+
+

should be:

+
@classmethod
+def from_diameter(cls, diameter):
+    radius = diameter / 2
+    return cls(radius)
+
+
+

Why? Subclassing!

+

Let’s play with that a bit ….

+
+
+

NotImplemented

+

NotImplemented is a special value that can be used as a flag to indicate that a comparison cannot be made.

+

https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html?highlight=notimplemented#NotImplemented

+
+
+

Total Ordering?!?

+

What does that mean?

+

“Total Order” is a mathematical concept that’s a bit beyond me :-)

+

But the layperson’s version is simply that two things are either less than, equal, or greater than each other in a consistent way.

+

And what that means is that if you define equality, and one of less-than or greater-than, the others can all be derived from those two.

+

So that is what the functools.total_ordering decorator does: it automatically creates the full set of comparison operators in terms if the two provided.

+

Let’s take a quick look at my solution to see how that works.

+
+
+

sum()

+

You can use sum() for things other than numbers. Anything that you can add, you can use sum() for, but you need to give it a “start” value. You can use sum() on circles if you want:

+
.. code-block:: ipython
+
+
+
+

In [16]: sum([Circle(2), Circle(3), Circle(4)], start=Circle(0)) +Out[16]: Circle(9.0)

+
+

Or from trigrams:

+
In [14]: text
+Out[14]:
+['him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses',
+ 'and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt',
+ 'any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that']
+
+In [15]: sum((line.split() for line in text), [])
+Out[15]:
+['him',
+ 'mention',
+ 'her',
+ 'under',
+ 'any',
+ 'other',
+ 'name.',
+ ...
+
+
+

Except not strings (note the above is lists of strings, not strings themselves):

+
In [17]: sum(["this", "that", "something"], "")
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
+<ipython-input-17-c882ae453790> in <module>
+----> 1 sum(["this", "that", "something"], "")
+
+TypeError: sum() can't sum strings [use ''.join(seq) instead]
+
+
+

That’s because .join() is a lot more efficient.

+
+
+

“private” attributes and dunders

+

_something vs __something vs __something__

+

Let’s talk about that…

+
+
+

Magic Methods and Circle class

+

Any questions?

+

Should we look at mine?

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Christopher Duane Smith

+

Maria Corazon M Dacutanan

+

Akalpit Gadre

+

Roohie Menon

+
+
+

New Topics

+
+

sorting

+

maybe it’s a good idea to add a sort_key method to your classes?

+

see examples/lesson09/sort_key.py

+

let’s try it on Circle….

+
+
+

OO Design

+

You can find a lot of stuff written about OO design. I am a bit wary of much of it – I think we should all follow good design practices, and use OO features when they are useful, not because they follow from a OO design process. That being said, here are a few thoughts:

+

Nouns vs Verbs:

+
+
    +

  • Nouns are classes (Donor, Circle, ….)

    • +

  • Verbs are are methods.

    • +
+
+

But you don’t need to make a class just because you have a noun: nouns can be simple data types as well: a string, and integer, a list ….

+

And you Really don’t want to make a class, just so you can then add a method to it to make a verb! Simple things can be simple, if a function does one thing, with simple inputs, and simiple outputs, it can just be a function.

+

This is why staticmethod is not used much in Python – if it’s a static method, why put it in a class? Just make it a function!

+

I really like Jack Dietrich’s point:

+
+

“If a class only has two methods, and one of them is __init__, you don’t have a class”

+
+

Encapsulation:

+

Encapsulation is keeping things “hidden” – many folks (and languages) see this as an important feature. But Python doesn’t strictly support it at all. However, it IS a good idea to keep the data, and the methods that act on that data together. Not because we need to hide tings, but because then there is a single clear API to work with, and the under the hood details can be changed without breaking other code. Classes are helpful for this.

+

Keeping it DRY

+
+

Don’t Repeat Yourself!

+
+

This is THE BIG ONE in program design – it drives a lot of design decisions. When you realy want classes is when:

+
    +

  1. you are going to make a lot of instances of the class

    2. +
+

and/or

+
    +

  1. you are going to subclass

    2. +
+

We really haven’t done much subclassing yet – but you’ll see how that can really help keep your code DRY.

+

Separation of Concerns:

+

This is keeping thinks well grouped so that code that does the same thing stays together. It’s not strictly required to use classes for that – but it does help.

+

Thoughts, ideas?

+

Let’s keep these things in mind as we think about how (and whether) to restructure Mailroom with classes.

+
+
+

Object Oriented Mailroom

+

One more time!

+

Yes, it’s time to make mailroom Object Oriented:

+

Mailroom - Object Oriented

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson10.html b/lesson10.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af272b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/lesson10.html @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Dec 15, 2020: the final hour! — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Dec 15, 2020: the final hour!

+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Jin Han

+

Scott Guyton

+

Andrew Hanson

+

And if I’ve missed anyone – now’s your last chance!

+
+
+

Issues that came up during the week.

+
+

When to make a method vs. a property?

+

It is a good idea to make a property to access information in your class that requires “inside information”, For example, in a Donor class:

+
@property
+def maxdonation(self):
+    return max(self.donations)
+
+
+

This way, client code can get the maximum donation without knowing, or caring, how the donations are stored in the class.

+

However, there is no need to create a property to “hide” something that is already part of the public API:

+
@property
+def namelength(self):
+    return(len(self.name))
+
+
+

There is no point to this – a_donor.name is expected to be a string – so if you want to know how long it is, you can simply do: len(a_donor.name)

+

You do want to use properties to “hide” implementation details – but the name attribute being a string is part of the API, not an implementation detail.

+
+
+

Pointless properties

+

What’s wrong this?

+
class circle():
+    def __init__(self, radius):
+        self._radius = radius
+
+    @property
+    def radius(self):
+        return self._radius
+    @radius.setter
+    def radius(self, radius):
+        self._radius = radius
+
+
+
+
+

Anything else from OO mailroom?

+

I’ll take any burning questions, but want time to workon the the HTML render assignment

+
+
+
+

Lightning Talks

+

Jin Han

+

Scott Guyton

+

Andrew Hanson

+
+

html_render

+

This one is pretty challenging – and gets into some nifty subclassing.

+

So let’s get a good start on it by working through it together.

+
+
+
+

The Next Class

+

Next quarter, you’ll finish up the core of the Python language, then go into depth on some of the more advanced features of the language. Finally, you’ll do a bit with using Python with other tools, such as databases.

+
+
+

End of Quarter:

+

“Grades” are due a week from today - as we need time to review, do try to get everything submitted by the end of Sunday.

+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lightning_talks.html b/lightning_talks.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9890e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/lightning_talks.html @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Lightning Talks: Fall 2020 Class — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Lightning Talks: Fall 2020 Class

+

These are the topics of the lightning talks given in the Fall 2020 class

+
+

Individual Talks

+
+

Week 2

+
+
+

Week 3

+
+
+

Week 4

+

James: assorted history - robotics +Jeff Bennett – Unicode and encoding / decoding

+
+
+

Week 5

+
+
+

Week 6

+
+
+

Week 7

+

Farhan Java vs Python +Danh: path finding +Micha Park: json REST services

+
+
+

Week 8

+

Maria B: CAD and Python +Bishal: Data science at docusign: Snowflake

+

David Brandt: Google trends

+

Matt Parmett: Spotify API

+

Victor Alexander Orozco: 3D printing

+

Shadle A Stewart: Snow data API access

+
+
+

Week 9

+

Chris Smith: stock analysis +Maria Dacutan: subprocess module +Akulpit: Application performance monitoring

+

Roohie Menon: not there.

+
+
+

Week 10

+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+

+ + © Copyright 2020, Christopher H. Barker + +

+
+ + + + Built with Sphinx using a + + theme + + provided by Read the Docs. + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/make.bat b/make.bat deleted file mode 100644 index 660b921..0000000 --- a/make.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -@ECHO OFF - -pushd %~dp0 - -REM Command file for Sphinx documentation - -if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" ( - set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build -) -set SOURCEDIR=notes -set BUILDDIR=build -set SPHINXPROJ=Py310-Fall2020 - -if "%1" == "" goto help - -%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL -if errorlevel 9009 ( - echo. - echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx - echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point - echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you - echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH. - echo. - echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from - echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/ - exit /b 1 -) - -%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% -goto end - -:help -%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% - -:end -popd diff --git a/notes/conf.py b/notes/conf.py deleted file mode 100644 index 20387ca..0000000 --- a/notes/conf.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,212 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# -# Py100 documentation build configuration file, created by -# sphinx-quickstart on Sat Feb 11 22:52:51 2017. -# -# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its -# containing dir. -# -# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this -# autogenerated file. -# -# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out -# serve to show the default. - -# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, -# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the -# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. -# -# import os -# import sys -# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.')) - - -# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------ - -# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. -# -# needs_sphinx = '1.0' - -# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be -# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom -# ones. -extensions = [ - 'sphinx.ext.autodoc', - 'sphinx.ext.todo', - 'sphinx.ext.ifconfig', - 'sphinx.ext.viewcode', - 'sphinx.ext.githubpages', - # 'sphinx.ext.pngmath', - 'sphinx.ext.mathjax', - # 'sphinx.ext.jsmath', - 'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_console_highlighting', - 'IPython.sphinxext.ipython_directive', - 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx', -] - -intersphinx_mapping = {'pythoncert': ('https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython', None)} - -# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. -templates_path = ['_templates'] - -# The suffix(es) of source filenames. -# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string: -# -# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md'] -source_suffix = '.rst' - -# The master toctree document. -master_doc = 'index' - -# General information about the project. -project = 'IntroToPython: Fall 2020' -copyright = '2020, Christopher H. Barker' -author = 'Christopher H. Barker' - -# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for -# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the -# built documents. -# -# The short X.Y version. -version = '1.0' -# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. -release = '1.0' - -# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation -# for a list of supported languages. -# -# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs. -# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases. -language = None - -# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and -# directories to ignore when looking for source files. -# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path -exclude_patterns = [] - -# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. -pygments_style = 'sphinx' - -# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing. -todo_include_todos = True - - -# -- Options for HTML output ---------------------------------------------- - -# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for -# a list of builtin themes. -# -# html_theme = 'alabaster' -html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme" - -# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme -# further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the -# documentation. -# -# html_theme_options = {} - -# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, -# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, -# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". -html_static_path = ['_static'] - - -# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ------------------------------------------ - -# Output file base name for HTML help builder. -htmlhelp_basename = 'Py310_Fall_2020' - - -# -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------- - -latex_elements = { - # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper'). - # - # 'papersize': 'letterpaper', - - # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). - # - # 'pointsize': '10pt', - - # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. - # - # 'preamble': '', - - # Latex figure (float) alignment - # - # 'figure_align': 'htbp', -} - -# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples -# (source start file, target name, title, -# author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]). -latex_documents = [ - (master_doc, 'IntroToPython.tex', 'Intro To Python Program Materials', - 'Christopher Barker', 'manual'), -] - - -# -- Options for manual page output --------------------------------------- - -# One entry per manual page. List of tuples -# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). -man_pages = [ - (master_doc, 'IntroToPython', 'Intro To Python Class Materials', - [author], 1) -] - - -# -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------- - -# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples -# (source start file, target name, title, author, -# dir menu entry, description, category) -texinfo_documents = [ - (master_doc, 'IntroToPython', 'Intro To Python Program Materials', - author, 'IntroToPython', 'One line description of project.', - 'Miscellaneous'), -] - - -# -- Options for Epub output ---------------------------------------------- - -# Bibliographic Dublin Core info. -epub_title = project -epub_author = author -epub_publisher = author -epub_copyright = copyright - -# The unique identifier of the text. This can be a ISBN number -# or the project homepage. -# -# epub_identifier = '' - -# A unique identification for the text. -# -# epub_uid = '' - -# A list of files that should not be packed into the epub file. -epub_exclude_files = ['search.html'] - -# -- Hieroglyph Slide Configuration ------------ -# Do we need this anymore?? - -# extensions += [ -# 'hieroglyph', -# ] - -# slide_title = "Intro To Pythonification Program" -# slide_theme = 'slides2' -# slide_levels = 3 -# slide_numbers = False - - -# Place custom static assets in the _static directory and uncomment -# the following lines to include them - -slide_theme_options = { - 'subtitle': 'IntroToPython', - 'custom_css': 'custom.css', - # 'custom_js': 'custom.js', -} diff --git a/notes/lesson02.rst b/notes/lesson02.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7283af0..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson02.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson02: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 02 -#################### - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Up today: - -| -| someone -| - -Are you ready? We'll do them in the middle of the lesson. - - -Class Outline -============= - - -git / gitHub Classroom -====================== - -In general, most of you seem to have got the basics down: - - - accepting the assignment - - adding it to git - - pushing it to your fork of the class repo - - making a "pull request" on gitHub. - -Any conceptual questions? - -Notes: ------- - -git is very flexible, and does not lose data easily. However, it is **much** harder to undo things than it is to make changes. So you will be happier if you take some extra care to not commit changes that you don't want. Some hints: - -* Always do a ``git status`` before you commit -- make sure that the stuff you are going to commit is what you want! - - - note that if you do ``git commit`` it will only commit those files listed under "staged for commit". But if you do ``git commit -a`` (-a for all) then it will commit everything modified, i.e. "Changes not staged for commit:". - -Note in the status report:: - - $ git status - On branch master - Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. - - Changes not staged for commit: - (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed) - (use "git checkout -- ..." to discard changes in working directory) - - modified: notes_for_class/source/lesson02.rst - - ... - -It even tells you want to do: use ``git add`` to stage particular files, or ``git checkout`` to revert a file back to its state as of the last commit. It doesn't mention ``git commit -a``, but that will commmit everyting that is "not staged for commit". - -If you are careful before the commit stage, then you won't have to "roll back" changes very often. - -But if you do: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/ProgrammingInPython/topics/01-setting_up/git_hints.html#backing-out-a-change - -Let's play around with that a bit. - - -Exceptions -========== - -Most of you seemed to do fine making the few key exceptions -- any questions? - -**Note:** - -We were not expecting you to catch the exceptions -- we're really starting at the bottom here, just making sure you get used to seeing Exceptions, and what they mean. - -We'll get into Exception handling later. - - -Coding Bat -========== - -Anyone stuck on any of them? - -Anyone not like their solution? - -Let's talk about it! - - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Let's take a break and do some lightning talks... - -Now some new stuff -================== - -Grid Printer ------------- - -Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. - -:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` - - -Fizz Buzz ---------- - -Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. - -:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` - - -Recursion ---------- - -Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. - -(seeing a pattern here?) - -:ref:`exercise_fibonacci` - - diff --git a/notes/lesson05.rst b/notes/lesson05.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7ebb4e7..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson05.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,166 +0,0 @@ - -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson05: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 05 -#################### - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -someone .... - - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== - -git and generated files ------------------------ - -In general, you don't want to put generated files in git. - -In this case, the letters your mailroom program created. - -**Caution:** be very careful with ``git add .`` or ``git add *`` -- generally better to specifically add the files you now you need. - -Style ------ - -Use PEP8 style -- really! - -https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ - -The ONLY exception is if you work in an organization that has a different style guide. It can make sense for your python code to match other code in an organization. But otherwise, use a style consistent with the rest of the Python world. - -And don't use "Hungarian Notation" -- it is really non-pythonic, and sometimes actually wrong -- and a string called ``intSomething`` just adds confusion! - -The best way to do this is with a linter in your editor -- like the Anaconda package in Sublime. A number of you are getting really annoyed by all the "noise" that the linter creates. But if you keep your code in PEP8 style, it won't be there! - - -Minor Issues ------------- - -Remember that: - -``something in a_dict`` checks if ``something`` is a key - -similarly: - -``for k in dict:`` - -loops through the keys. So no need for: - -``for k in dict.keys():`` - -``sum`` -------- - -Did everyone find the ``sum()`` built in function? - -How about ``max()`` and ``min()`` - - -Getting an arbitrary key from a dict ------------------------------------- - -See ``arbitrary_key.py`` in `examples/lesson05` - -nifty formatting ----------------- - -what the heck is this? - -.. code-block:: python - - def data_print(info, widths): - """ - takes in donor information and widths and returns a string formatted for - printing for a donor report. - """ - output_string = "" - output_string += '{:<{width0}} ${:>{width1}.2f} {:^{width2}} ${:>{width3}}'.format(info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], width0=widths[0], width1=widths[1]-1, width2=widths[2], width3=widths[3]-1) - -cleaned up a bit:: - - '{:<{widths[0]}} ${:>{widths[1]}.2f}'.format( "fred", 100, widths=widths) - -islice ------- - -This constuct is pertty cool for trigrams:: - - for w1, w2, w3 in zip(word_list[:-2], word_list[1:-1], word_list[2:]): - -but remeber that slicing makes a copy -- so this is making three copies of the full work list. Computers have a LOT of memory these days, but it's still better to not waste it. - -Turns out there is a alternative: - -https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/itertools.html#itertools.islice - - -Coding Workflow ---------------- - -As you are developing your code, you *really* want to have an quick and efficient way to run you code and see if it's working, how it's changed, etc. - -You may have noticed that for a program like Mailroom, you may have to do a few steps if user interaction to get to the part of the code you are working on. So how do you work on that efficiently? - -The "right" way to do it is something called "Test Driven Development", which we will get to soon. But in the meantime: - -* You want to break your code down into small functions that each do one thing. - -* You should be able to run each function by itself. - -If you are doing that, then as you develop your code, you can write and run each function until it's doing what it's supposed to do, and THEN put it all together. - -One way to run a function is to call it in the ``__name__ == "__main__"`` block. You can then comment and uncomment each call as you work on your code. - -Also: you really, really need a way to run your code with a couple keystrokes!! - -I'll demonstrate this when we review code. - - - -Review of last week's assignments -================================= - -Mailroom review ---------------- - -Anyone up for a review? - -Trigrams review ---------------- - -Anyone want to look at theirs? - - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Let's take a break and do them now. - -New Assignments -=============== - -Comprehensions --------------- - - -Let's take a few minutes to go through it in class: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/exercises/comprehensions_lab.html - -Exceptions ----------- - -Exceptions take a little while to "wrap your head around". - -Shall we do the Exercise together? - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/exercises/except_exercise.html - diff --git a/notes/lesson06.rst b/notes/lesson06.rst deleted file mode 100644 index d901d96..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson06.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,144 +0,0 @@ - -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson06: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 06 -#################### - -11/13/2018 - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Someone - -mailroom 4!!!! -============== - -**WTF?** - -What if Ihaven't gotten version 2 done yet??? - - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== - -looping through a dict ----------------------- - -If you need just the keys:: - - for k in a_dict: - ... - -If you need just the values:: - - for v in a_dict.values(): - ... - -If you need both:: - - for k, v in a_dict.items(): - ... - - -dict as switch -- how do you leave the loop? --------------------------------------------- - -Let's look at a particularly nifty solution: - -``solutions/Lesson05/mailroom_dict_as_switch`` - - -quit() ------- - -In my solution to mailroom, I created a function called ``quit`` to quit the program. THat is not a great idea, as there is a built-in called ``quit``. In my defense, the ``quit()`` built-in didn't exist when I learned Python :-). - -``readlines()`` ? ------------------ - -quite a few of you have code like this: - -.. code-block:: python - - with open(filename, "r") as f: - full_lines = f.readlines() - - for line in full_lines: - ... - -Nothing wrong with that, but ... - -``.readlines()`` reads the entire contents of the file into memory all at once. Memory is big and cheap these days, but what if it's a REALLY big file? - -If you are going to process the file line by line anyway, you might as well do: - -.. code-block:: python - - with open(filename, "r") as f: - for line in f: - ... - -That will loop though the file line by line, but only store one line at a time in memory. The file system and disk should have a smart cache, so that it will be just as fast, but more memory efficient. - -And one less line of code :-) - -binary vs text files --------------------- - -``open()`` uses text mode (utf-8) by default. It will try to decode the file into text. If you open a binary file that way it will likely barf. - -try: ``open(the_filename, 'rb'`` - -For more on what "decode" means: - -`Unicode in Python `_ - - -Any Questions about the homework -- or anything? ------------------------------------------------- - -review trigrams? - -review mailroom? - - -Break and Lightning talks -========================= - - -Testing? --------- - -Did y'all do the testing exercise with a coding bat example? - -We could do one now. - -Or... - - -Advanced Argument Passing -------------------------- - -All this ``*arg``, ``**kwargs`` stuff a bit confusing? - -Let's explore it a bit. - -AND -- we'll use TDD to do it. - -Exercise here: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/exercises/args_kwargs_lab.html - - - - - - - - diff --git a/notes/lesson07.rst b/notes/lesson07.rst deleted file mode 100644 index ddcca33..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson07.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,304 +0,0 @@ - -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson07: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 07 -#################### - -11/20/2018 - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Someone - -Scheduling: -=========== - -Turkey Day weekend ------------------- - -I'm around all weekend, so can do office hours -- do you want them? - -The usual times? - -Next Week: ----------- - - - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== - -Naming and Style ----------------- - -Read this again: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/modules/NamingThings.html - -And watch this video: - -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZ7hgYKKnF0 - -Some of you are still not following PEP 8 style. If you can't (or don't want to) set up a linter in your editor or IDE, you can run ``pycodestyle`` on your code. - -https://pycodestyle.readthedocs.io - -``python3 -m pip install pycodestyle`` - -Let's give it a quick try. - -Auto-fixing style ------------------ - -If you don't want to fix all that by hand, there are tools to do it for you. - -one really nice one is yapf: - -https://github.com/google/yapf - -Maybe give ``yapf`` a try. - - -Chaining ``or``, etc. ---------------------- - -This looks pretty nifty: - -.. code-block:: python - - while answer != 'x' or 'r' or 't' or 'a': - do_something() - -But does that mean what you expect it to? - -will it ever be ``False``? - -Let's play with that... - -Operator Precedence -................... - -This table tells you which operators have "Precedence" over each other -- that is, which are evaluated first: - -https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence - -When in doubt -- add parenthesis to make it clear. Is there any way to add parentheses that works for the above? - -Comparison Chaining -................... - -Another complication in all this is chaining of comparisons: - -https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#comparisons - -It allows you to do nifty (and very readable) things like: - -.. code-block:: python - - if a < b < c: - do_something() - -That's nice, 'cause it looks a lot like math -- simple and clear. - -and that means: - -.. code-block:: python - - if (a < b) and (b < c): - do_something() - - -So with chaining, you can't just add parentheses to make it clear. - -Also -- like with ``and`` and ``or``, chaining "shortcuts". In the example above, if ``a`` is not less than ``b``, then ``c`` will never be evaluated. And ``b`` will only be evaluated once in any case. - -So what's going on here? - -.. code-block:: ipython - - In [41]: 2 < 5 in range(3) - Out[41]: False - - In [42]: (2 < 5) in range(3) - Out[42]: True - - In [43]: 2 < (5 in range(3)) - Out[43]: False - - -Turns out that ``in``, ``not``, ``not in`` are considered comparison operators too. - - -Mutating vs. re-assigning -------------------------- - -I've seen code like this in a few trigram solutions: - -``output = output + [follower]`` - -(``output`` is a list of strings, follower is a single string) - -What it does is add a new item to a list. - -But is that an efficient way to do that? - -If you are adding one element to a list -- ``append()`` is the way to go. - -``output_list.append(random_trigram_followers)`` - -Using addition works fine, but it's creating a whole new list (actually: *two* new lists) just to throw it away again. - -And if you are adding another list of objects, you want to use ``extend()``. - -With this code: - -``output = output + [follower]`` - -This is what happens: - -1) Create a one-element list with ``follower`` in it. -2) Create a new list with the contents of ``output`` and that just created list. -3) Re-assign the name ``output`` to that new list. -4) Throw away the original list ``output`` was bound to, and the temporary list created for ``follower``. - -That's a LOT of overhead! - -Be cognizant of when you are mutating (changing) an object vs. creating a new one and assigning it to the same name. When you do assignment (``=``) you are probably creating a new object -- is that what you want? - - -``+=`` is different -- it is the "in_place" operator, so: - -``a_list += another_list`` - -does not create an new list -- it adds to the original list "in place" -- it is identical to: - -``a_list.extend(another_list)`` - -And it is an efficient operation. - -The trick is that the "augmented assignment" operators, like ``+=`` **do** create new object when used with an immutable: - -.. code-block:: ipython - - In [4]: tup1 = tup2 = (1, 2, 3) - - In [5]: tup1 is tup2 - Out[5]: True - - In [6]: tup1 += (4, 5) - - In [7]: tup1 is tup2 - Out[7]: False - - In [9]: tup1 - Out[9]: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - - In [10]: tup2 - Out[10]: (1, 2, 3) - -Contrast this with (mutable) lists: - -.. code-block:: ipython - - In [11]: list1 = list2 = [1, 2, 3] - - In [12]: list1 += [3, 4] - - In [13]: list1 is list2 - Out[13]: True - - In [14]: list1 - Out[14]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4] - - In [15]: list2 - Out[15]: [1, 2, 3, 3, 4] - -Personally, I think it's a "wart" that augmented assignment may or may not be a mutating operation. - -But at the time it was added, there were two goals: - -1) Efficient in-place operations on mutables (partly to support numpy) - -2) Quick and easy incrementing of values, in particular integers: - -``i += 1`` - -And no one wanted to add **two** new sets of operators. - -https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0203/ - - -Working with dicts ------------------- - -Want to know if something is in a dict? You could do: - -.. code-block:: python - - if name not in donors.keys(): - -But that's creating a dict_keys object unnecessarily. - -You can simply do: - -.. code-block:: python - - if name not in donors: - -Cleaner -- but is it faster? It'll be a lot faster if the ``dict_keys`` object doesn't directly support ``in``. Let's take a look: - - -unit tests should be isolated ------------------------------ - -Ideally, each unit test should be able to run all on its own, and it should NOT matter what order tests run in. - -That can be a bit of a trick with mailroom -- as you might have a test of adding a new donor to the database, and another test that asserts that the report has the right number of donors in it. - -Let's look a how to deal with that. - - -A Little Code Refactoring -------------------------- - -(If we have time...) - -After making a few comments on a block of mailroom code, I decided it might be instructive to review and refactor it live with the class. The code can be found in the class repo in: - -``/examples/lesson07/refactor.py`` - -That code works now -- so the first thing we're going to do is make tests for it. Then we can refactor away and know it still works. - - -Any other questions/issues before we get into classes? ------------------------------------------------------- - -Note that we'll be employing testing the rest of the class, so if you don't quite "get it", you'll have more chances :-) - - -Break -- Then Lightning Talks -============================= - - - - -Classes! -======== - -Classes are the core of Object Oriented programming. Rather than talk about them in the abstract, we'll start doing a real problem, and talk about the pieces as we go. - -html_render ------------ - -So on to the the html_render assignment: - -:ref:`exercise_html_renderer` - - - diff --git a/notes/lesson08.rst b/notes/lesson08.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 94a2630..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson08.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,95 +0,0 @@ - -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson08: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 08 -#################### - -1/27/2018 - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - -Lightning Talks (last) -====================== - -someone - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== - -What to test? And how? ----------------------- - -Make sure you test what matters about a function's result -- it's easiest (particularly if you wrote the code first) to simply match results, but your system will be more flexible if you test for the parts that matter, and won't change. - -Ideally, your tests should be as isolated as possible. So if you, for instance, need to test that the correct letter is generated from a donor object, then create a donor object in the test, and pass that in, rather than pulling it from the donor_db -- that way, the donor_db could be broken, and the individual tests will pass. - -If the object(s) you need to create are complex, then you can use "fixtures" to set things up for you. We'll get into that in the next quarter. - -This will start to make more and more sense as we do more testing -- and particularly when we do TDD and write the tests along with the code. - -Example: -........ - -.. code-block:: python - - def test_p_tag(): - assert Para.tag == 'p' - -I know I started out that way -- 'cause there wasn't anything else to test. But this is really testing an implementation detail -- the Para elements has a attribute named "tag" that is 'p'. But is that a public part of the API? do we care? -- No. What we care about is that the correct tag gets rendered, so a test for THAT makes more sense: - -.. code-block:: python - - def test_render_para(): - my_stuff = 'spam, spam, spam' - p = Para(my_stuff) - more_stuff = 'eggs, eggs, eggs' - p.append(more_stuff) - contents = render_element(p).strip() - assert contents.startswith('

') - assert contents.endswith('

') - assert my_stuff in contents - assert more_stuff in contents - - -Do you always need an ``__init__``? ------------------------------------ - -No -- you don't :-) - -The ONLY thing "special" about ``__init__`` is that it is automatically called when an instance is created. Other than that, it's a regular method. So if you don't define one, then the superclass' ``__init__`` will be called. - -That's what inheritance is all about -- the subclass inherits ALL the superclasses methods -- including ``__init__``. - -So never write an ``__init__`` that does nothing but call the superclass ``__init__`` - -Subclasses and ``self`` ------------------------ - -``self`` is the first parameter in all methods. But why?? - -``self`` is the "current" instance of the object. This means that you don't know at code writing time what type it is -- is it the current class? some subclass? - -Let's experiment with that. - -html_render ------------ - -Let's look at up to step 3.... - -And move along... - -Lightning Talks ---------------- - -Circle class... - - -.. Python static vs. class methods -.. ------------------------------- - -.. Coming from Java/C++, this was always confusing to me. Now I think I understand this better, and I may share my understanding and realization with class. Let's go over the static/class methods materials: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/modules/StaticAndClassMethods.html diff --git a/notes/lesson09.rst b/notes/lesson09.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 336f281..0000000 --- a/notes/lesson09.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,183 +0,0 @@ - -:orphan: - -.. _notes_lesson09: - -#################### -Notes for lesson 09 -#################### - -12/4/2018 - -A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. - - -Lightning Talks -=============== - -Someone - -Issues that came up during the week. -==================================== - -``sum()`` ---------- - -You can use ``sum()`` for things other than numbers. Anything that you can add, you can use ``sum()`` for, but you need to give it a "start" value: - -From trigrams: - -.. code-block:: ipython - - In [14]: text - Out[14]: - ['him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses', - 'and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt', - 'any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. All emotions, and that'] - - In [15]: sum((line.split() for line in text), []) - Out[15]: - ['him', - 'mention', - 'her', - 'under', - 'any', - 'other', - 'name.', - ... - -Except not strings: - -.. code-block:: ipython - - In [17]: sum(["this", "that", "something"], "") - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- - TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) - in - ----> 1 sum(["this", "that", "something"], "") - - TypeError: sum() can't sum strings [use ''.join(seq) instead] - -That's because you ``.join()`` is a lot more efficient. - - -"private" attributes and dunders --------------------------------- - -``_something`` vs ``__something`` vs ``__something__`` - -Let's talk about that... - - -Adding parameters to a subclass ``__init__`` --------------------------------------------- - -In general, when you override a method in a subclass, you want the method signature to be the same. That is -- all the parameters should be the same. - -However, sometimes, particularly with ``__init__``, you may need a couple extra parameters. To keep things clean and extensible, you want to put the extra parameters at the beginning, before the super class' parameters: - -And this lets you use ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` to pass along the usual ones. - -.. code-block:: python - - class Base: - def __init__(self, par1, par2, par3=something, par4=something): - ... - - class Subclass(Base): - def __init__(self, newpar1, newpar2, *args, **kwargs): - self.newpar1 = newpar1 - self.newpar2 = newpar2 - super().__init__(*args, **kwarg) - -**Example:** html_render Anchor tag: - - -.. code-block:: python - - class A(OneLineTag): - """ - anchor element - """ - tag = "a" - - def __init__(self, link, *args, **kwargs): - kwargs['href'] = link - super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) - -This becomes particularly important with ``super()`` and subclassing... - -Testing Challenges ------------------- - -.. image:: _static/test_joke.jpeg - - -Any other html_render questions? --------------------------------- - -Brian: still up for a code review / debug lesson? - -Magic Methods and Circle class ------------------------------- - -Any questions? - -Should we look at mine? - - -Lightning Talks -=============== - - -New Topics -========== - -sorting -------- - -maybe it's a good idea to add a sort_key method to your classes? - -see ``examples/lesson09/sort_key.py`` - -let's try it on Circle.... - -classmethod ------------ - -``classmethod`` is really pretty simple to use, not much to talk about. But it can be a bit challenging to "get". - -The key point is that classmethods work for subclasses -- like for alternate constructors. - -Let's look at that with my Circle solution: - -``solutions/lesson08/circle.py`` - -(and answer any other questions about Circle, while we are at it) - - -multiple inheritance and super() --------------------------------- - -``super()`` is a mixed bag -- it's actually a pretty complex topic, but can be pretty easy to use -- at least in the simple cases. - -To get the hang of multiple inheritance, mix-ins, and ``super()``, we'll play around with object canvas: - -See: ``examples/lesson09/object_canvas.py`` - - -Object Oriented Mailroom ------------------------- - -One more time! - -Yes, it's time to make mailroom Object Oriented: - -:ref:`exercise_mailroom_oo` - - - - - - - diff --git a/notes/lightning_talks.rst b/notes/lightning_talks.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7103da7..0000000 --- a/notes/lightning_talks.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -:orphan: - - -################################ -Lightning Talks: Fall 2020 Class -################################ - -These are the topics of the lightning talks given in the Fall 2020 class - -Individual Talks -================ - -Week 2 ------- - - -Week 3 ------- - - -Week 4 ------- - - -Week 5 ------- - - -Week 6 ------- - - -Week 7 ------- - - -Week 8 ------- - - -Week 9 ------- - - -Week 10 -------- - diff --git a/objects.inv b/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca09b19 Binary files /dev/null and b/objects.inv differ diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1b6df6a..0000000 --- a/requirements.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -sphinx==1.7.7 -sphinx-rtd-theme -ipython diff --git a/search.html b/search.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6594566 --- /dev/null +++ b/search.html @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Search — IntroToPython: Fall 2020 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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to Python: Fall 2020 Online","10/13/2020: Introduction to Py310: Programming in Python","10/20/2020: And now on to actual coding!","10/27/2020: Real code!","11/02/2020: A actual Program!","11/19/2020: testing, testing, 1, 2, 3","11/17/2020: Odd sentences \u2026","11/24/2020: import this","Dec 1, 2020: A Classy Topic","Dec 8, 2020: Around around and around we go \u2026","Dec 15, 2020: the final hour!","Lightning Talks: Fall 2020 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/solutions/00-README.md b/solutions/00-README.md deleted file mode 100755 index a9e8dd8..0000000 --- a/solutions/00-README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -# Solutions -Place solutions in this directory as they become available. - -Remember to document your solutions, preferably mentioning where -students might get tripped up. None of the teachers, and none of the students, -want to debug *your* code.