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highlevelil.py
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# Copyright (c) 2019-2025 Vector 35 Inc
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
# FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
# IN THE SOFTWARE.
import ctypes
import struct
from typing import Optional, Generator, List, Union, NewType, Tuple, ClassVar, Mapping, Set, Callable, Any, Iterator, overload
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
# Binary Ninja components
from . import _binaryninjacore as core
from .enums import (
HighLevelILOperation, DataFlowQueryOption, FunctionGraphType, ILInstructionAttribute, StringType,
DisassemblyOption
)
from . import function
from . import binaryview
from . import architecture
from . import lowlevelil
from . import mediumlevelil
from . import basicblock
from . import types
from . import highlight
from . import flowgraph
from . import variable
from . import databuffer
from . import types as _types
from .interaction import show_graph_report
from .commonil import (
BaseILInstruction, Tailcall, Syscall, Localcall, Comparison, Signed, UnaryOperation, BinaryOperation, SSA, Phi,
Loop, ControlFlow, Memory, Constant, Arithmetic, DoublePrecision, Terminal, FloatingPoint, Intrinsic, Return,
VariableInstruction, SSAVariableInstruction, SetVar, ILSourceLocation
)
from . import deprecation
TokenList = List['function.InstructionTextToken']
LinesType = Generator['function.DisassemblyTextLine', None, None]
ExpressionIndex = NewType('ExpressionIndex', int)
InstructionIndex = NewType('InstructionIndex', int)
Index = Union[ExpressionIndex, InstructionIndex]
InstructionOrExpression = Union['HighLevelILInstruction', Index]
HLILInstructionsType = Generator['HighLevelILInstruction', None, None]
HLILBasicBlocksType = Generator['HighLevelILBasicBlock', None, None]
OperandsType = Tuple[ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex, ExpressionIndex]
HighLevelILOperandType = Union['HighLevelILInstruction', 'lowlevelil.ILIntrinsic', 'variable.Variable',
'mediumlevelil.SSAVariable', List[int], List['variable.Variable'],
List['mediumlevelil.SSAVariable'], List['HighLevelILInstruction'], Optional[int], float,
'GotoLabel', variable.ConstantData, databuffer.DataBuffer]
VariablesList = List[Union['mediumlevelil.SSAVariable', 'variable.Variable']]
StringOrType = Union[str, '_types.Type', '_types.TypeBuilder']
ILInstructionAttributeSet = Union[Set[ILInstructionAttribute], List[ILInstructionAttribute]]
HighLevelILVisitorCallback = Callable[[str, HighLevelILOperandType, str, Optional['HighLevelILInstruction']], bool]
class VariableReferenceType(Enum):
Read = 0
Written = 1
AddressTaken = 2
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class HighLevelILOperationAndSize:
operation: HighLevelILOperation
size: int
def __repr__(self):
if self.size == 0:
return f"<HighLevelILOperationAndSize: {self.operation.name}>"
return f"<HighLevelILOperationAndSize: {self.operation.name} {self.size}>"
@dataclass
class GotoLabel:
function: 'HighLevelILFunction'
id: int
def __repr__(self):
return f"<GotoLabel: {self.name}>"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def label_id(self) -> int:
return self.id
@property
def name(self) -> str:
assert self.function.source_function is not None, "Cant get name of function without source_function"
return core.BNGetGotoLabelName(self.function.source_function.handle, self.id)
@name.setter
def name(self, value: str) -> None:
assert self.function.source_function is not None, "Cant set name of function without source_function"
core.BNSetUserGotoLabelName(self.function.source_function.handle, self.id, value)
@property
def definition(self) -> Optional['HighLevelILInstruction']:
return self.function.get_label(self.id)
@property
def uses(self) -> List['HighLevelILInstruction']:
return self.function.get_label_uses(self.id)
@dataclass(frozen=True, order=True)
class CoreHighLevelILInstruction:
operation: HighLevelILOperation
attributes: int
source_operand: int
size: int
operands: OperandsType
address: int
parent: ExpressionIndex
@classmethod
def from_BNHighLevelILInstruction(cls, instr: core.BNHighLevelILInstruction) -> 'CoreHighLevelILInstruction':
operands: OperandsType = tuple([ExpressionIndex(instr.operands[i]) for i in range(5)]) # type: ignore
return cls(
HighLevelILOperation(instr.operation), instr.attributes, instr.sourceOperand, instr.size, operands, instr.address,
instr.parent
)
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class HighLevelILInstruction(BaseILInstruction):
"""
``class HighLevelILInstruction`` High Level Intermediate Language Instructions form an abstract syntax tree of
the code. Control flow structures are present as high level constructs in the HLIL tree.
"""
function: 'HighLevelILFunction'
expr_index: ExpressionIndex
core_instr: CoreHighLevelILInstruction
as_ast: bool
instr_index: InstructionIndex
# ILOperations is deprecated and will be removed in a future version once BNIL Graph no longer uses it
# Use the visit methods visit, visit_all, and visit_operands
ILOperations: ClassVar[Mapping[HighLevelILOperation, List[Tuple[str, str]]]] = {
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NOP: [], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_BLOCK: [("body", "expr_list")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_IF: [("condition", "expr"), ("true", "expr"),
("false", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_WHILE: [("condition", "expr"),
("body", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_WHILE_SSA: [("condition_phi", "expr"), ("condition", "expr"),
("body", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DO_WHILE: [
("body", "expr"), ("condition", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DO_WHILE_SSA: [("body", "expr"),
("condition_phi", "expr"),
("condition", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FOR: [("init", "expr"), ("condition", "expr"), ("update", "expr"),
("body", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FOR_SSA: [
("init", "expr"), ("condition_phi", "expr"), ("condition", "expr"),
("update", "expr"), ("body", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SWITCH: [
("condition", "expr"), ("default", "expr"), ("cases", "expr_list")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CASE: [("values", "expr_list"), ("body", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_BREAK: [], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CONTINUE: [], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_JUMP: [
("dest", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_RET: [("src", "expr_list")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NORET: [],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_UNREACHABLE: [],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_GOTO: [("target", "label")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LABEL: [
("target", "label")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR_DECLARE: [("var", "var")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR_INIT: [
("dest", "var"), ("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR_INIT_SSA: [
("dest", "var_ssa"), ("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ASSIGN: [("dest", "expr"),
("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ASSIGN_UNPACK: [
("dest", "expr_list"), ("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ASSIGN_MEM_SSA: [("dest", "expr"),
("dest_memory", "int"),
("src", "expr"),
("src_memory", "int")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ASSIGN_UNPACK_MEM_SSA: [
("dest", "expr_list"), ("dest_memory", "int"), ("src", "expr"), ("src_memory", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR: [("var", "var")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR_SSA: [
("var", "var_ssa")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_VAR_PHI: [("dest", "var_ssa"),
("src", "var_ssa_list")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MEM_PHI: [
("dest", "int"), ("src", "int_list")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_STRUCT_FIELD: [
("src", "expr"), ("offset", "int"), ("member_index", "member_index")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ARRAY_INDEX: [
("src", "expr"), ("index", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ARRAY_INDEX_SSA: [("src", "expr"),
("src_memory", "int"),
("index", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SPLIT: [("high", "expr"), ("low", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DEREF: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DEREF_FIELD: [
("src", "expr"), ("offset", "int"), ("member_index", "member_index")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DEREF_SSA: [
("src", "expr"), ("src_memory", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DEREF_FIELD_SSA: [
("src", "expr"), ("src_memory", "int"), ("offset", "int"),
("member_index", "member_index")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADDRESS_OF: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CONST: [
("constant", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CONST_PTR: [("constant", "int")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_EXTERN_PTR: [
("constant", "int"), ("offset", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FLOAT_CONST: [("constant", "float")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_IMPORT: [
("constant", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CONST_DATA: [("constant_data", "constant_data")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CONST_DATA: [
("constant_data", "constant_data")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADD: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADC: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SUB: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SBB: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_AND: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_OR: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_XOR: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSL: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LSR: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ASR: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ROL: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_RLC: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ROR: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_RRC: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr"), ("carry", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MUL: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MULU_DP: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MULS_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVU: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVU_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVS: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_DIVS_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODU: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODU_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODS: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_MODS_DP: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NEG: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_NOT: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SX: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ZX: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_LOW_PART: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CALL: [
("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CALL_SSA: [
("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list"), ("dest_memory", "int"), ("src_memory", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_E: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_NE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_SLT: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_ULT: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_SLE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_ULE: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_SGE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_UGE: [("left", "expr"),
("right", "expr")],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_SGT: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CMP_UGT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_TEST_BIT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_BOOL_TO_INT: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ADD_OVERFLOW: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SYSCALL: [("params", "expr_list")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_SYSCALL_SSA: [
("params", "expr_list"), ("dest_memory", "int"), ("src_memory", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_TAILCALL: [
("dest", "expr"), ("params", "expr_list")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_BP: [], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_TRAP: [
("vector", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_INTRINSIC: [("intrinsic", "intrinsic"),
("params", "expr_list")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_INTRINSIC_SSA: [
("intrinsic", "intrinsic"), ("params", "expr_list"),
("dest_memory", "int"), ("src_memory", "int")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_UNDEF: [],
HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_UNIMPL: [], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_UNIMPL_MEM: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FADD: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FSUB: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FMUL: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FDIV: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FSQRT: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FNEG: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FABS: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FLOAT_TO_INT: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_INT_TO_FLOAT: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FLOAT_CONV: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_ROUND_TO_INT: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FLOOR: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_CEIL: [("src", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FTRUNC: [
("src", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_E: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_NE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_LT: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_LE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_GE: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_GT: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_O: [
("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")
], HighLevelILOperation.HLIL_FCMP_UO: [("left", "expr"), ("right", "expr")]
}
@staticmethod
def show_hlil_hierarchy():
"""
Opens a new tab showing the HLIL hierarchy which includes classes which can
easily be used with isinstance to match multiple types of IL instructions.
"""
graph = flowgraph.FlowGraph()
nodes = {}
for instruction in ILInstruction.values():
instruction.add_subgraph(graph, nodes)
show_graph_report("HLIL Class Hierarchy Graph", graph)
@classmethod
def create(
cls, func: 'HighLevelILFunction', expr_index: ExpressionIndex, as_ast: bool = True,
instr_index: Optional[InstructionIndex] = None
) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
assert func.arch is not None, "Attempted to create IL instruction with function missing an Architecture"
instr = core.BNGetHighLevelILByIndex(func.handle, expr_index, as_ast)
assert instr is not None, "core.BNGetHighLevelILByIndex returned None"
core_instr = CoreHighLevelILInstruction.from_BNHighLevelILInstruction(instr)
if instr_index is None:
instr_index = core.BNGetHighLevelILInstructionForExpr(func.handle, expr_index)
assert instr_index is not None, "core.BNGetHighLevelILInstructionForExpr returned None"
return ILInstruction[instr.operation](func, expr_index, core_instr, as_ast, instr_index)
def __str__(self):
settings = function.DisassemblySettings.default_settings()
settings.set_option(DisassemblyOption.DisableLineFormatting)
lines = self.get_lines(settings)
if lines is None:
return "invalid"
result = []
for line in lines:
cur = ""
for token in line.tokens:
cur += token.text
result.append(cur)
return '\n'.join(result)
def __repr__(self):
settings = function.DisassemblySettings.default_settings()
settings.set_option(DisassemblyOption.DisableLineFormatting)
lines = self.get_lines(settings)
continuation = ""
if lines is None:
first_line = "<invalid>"
else:
first_line = ""
for token in next(lines).tokens:
first_line += token.text
if len(list(lines)) > 1:
continuation = "..."
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {first_line}{continuation}>"
def __eq__(self, other: 'HighLevelILInstruction'):
if not isinstance(other, HighLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index == other.expr_index
def __lt__(self, other: 'HighLevelILInstruction'):
if not isinstance(other, HighLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index < other.expr_index
def __le__(self, other: 'HighLevelILInstruction'):
if not isinstance(other, HighLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index <= other.expr_index
def __gt__(self, other: 'HighLevelILInstruction'):
if not isinstance(other, HighLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index > other.expr_index
def __ge__(self, other: 'HighLevelILInstruction'):
if not isinstance(other, HighLevelILInstruction):
return NotImplemented
return self.function == other.function and self.expr_index >= other.expr_index
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.function, self.expr_index))
@property
def tokens(self) -> TokenList:
"""HLIL tokens taken from the HLIL text lines (read-only) -- does not include newlines or indentation, use lines for that information"""
settings = function.DisassemblySettings.default_settings()
settings.set_option(DisassemblyOption.DisableLineFormatting)
return [token for line in self.get_lines(settings) for token in line.tokens]
@property
def lines(self) -> LinesType:
"""HLIL text lines (read-only)"""
return self.get_lines()
@property
def prefix_operands(self) -> List[Union[HighLevelILOperandType, HighLevelILOperationAndSize]]:
"""All operands in the expression tree in prefix order"""
result: List[Union[HighLevelILOperandType,
HighLevelILOperationAndSize]] = [HighLevelILOperationAndSize(self.operation, self.size)]
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(operand.prefix_operands)
else:
result.append(operand)
return result
@property
def postfix_operands(self) -> List[Union[HighLevelILOperandType, HighLevelILOperationAndSize]]:
"""All operands in the expression tree in postfix order"""
result: List[Union[HighLevelILOperandType, HighLevelILOperationAndSize]] = []
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(operand.postfix_operands)
else:
result.append(operand)
result.append(HighLevelILOperationAndSize(self.operation, self.size))
return result
@property
def instr(self) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
"""The statement that this expression belongs to (read-only)"""
return self.function[self.instr_index]
@property
def ast(self) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
"""This expression with full AST printing (read-only)"""
if self.as_ast:
return self
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function, self.expr_index, True)
@property
def non_ast(self) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
"""This expression without full AST printing (read-only)"""
if not self.as_ast:
return self
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function, self.expr_index, False)
@property
def operation(self) -> HighLevelILOperation:
return self.core_instr.operation
@property
def size(self) -> int:
return self.core_instr.size
@property
def address(self) -> int:
return self.core_instr.address
@property
def source_operand(self) -> ExpressionIndex:
return ExpressionIndex(self.core_instr.source_operand)
@property
def source_location(self) -> ILSourceLocation:
return ILSourceLocation.from_instruction(self)
@property
def core_operands(self) -> OperandsType:
return self.core_instr.operands
@property
def instruction_operands(self) -> List['HighLevelILInstruction']:
result = []
for i in self.operands:
if isinstance(i, list):
result.extend([j for j in i if isinstance(j, HighLevelILInstruction)])
elif isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.append(i)
return result
@property
def vars_written(self) -> VariablesList:
"""List of variables value is written by this instruction"""
result = []
for i in self.operands:
if isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(i.vars_written)
return result
@property
def vars_read(self) -> VariablesList:
"""Non-unique list of variables whose value is read by this instruction"""
non_read = [*self.vars_written, *self.vars_address_taken]
result = []
for v in self.vars:
if v in non_read:
non_read.remove(v)
continue
result.append(v)
return result
@property
def vars_address_taken(self) -> VariablesList:
"""
Non-unique list of variables whose address is taken by instruction
.. note:: This property has some nuance to it, so use carefully. This property will return only those variable which \
directly have their address taken such as `&var_4` or `&var_8.d` but not those which are involved in an address \
calculation such as `&(var_4 + 0)` or `&var_4[0]` even though they may be functionally equivalent.
"""
result = []
for operand in self.instruction_operands:
result.extend(operand.vars_address_taken)
return result
@property
def vars(self) -> VariablesList:
"""Non-unique list of variables read by instruction"""
result = []
for operand in self.operands:
if isinstance(operand, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(operand.vars)
elif isinstance(operand, (variable.Variable, mediumlevelil.SSAVariable)):
result.append(operand)
elif isinstance(operand, list):
for sub_operand in operand:
if isinstance(sub_operand, (variable.Variable, mediumlevelil.SSAVariable)):
result.append(sub_operand)
elif isinstance(sub_operand, HighLevelILInstruction):
result.extend(sub_operand.vars)
return result
@property
def parent(self) -> Optional['HighLevelILInstruction']:
if self.core_instr.parent >= core.BNGetHighLevelILExprCount(self.function.handle):
return None
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function, self.core_instr.parent, self.as_ast)
@property
def ssa_form(self) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
"""SSA form of expression (read-only)"""
assert self.function.ssa_form is not None
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(
self.function.ssa_form,
ExpressionIndex(core.BNGetHighLevelILSSAExprIndex(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)), self.as_ast
)
@property
def non_ssa_form(self) -> Optional['HighLevelILInstruction']:
"""Non-SSA form of expression (read-only)"""
if self.function.non_ssa_form is None:
return None
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(
self.function.non_ssa_form,
ExpressionIndex(core.BNGetHighLevelILNonSSAExprIndex(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)), self.as_ast
)
@property
def medium_level_il(self) -> Optional['mediumlevelil.MediumLevelILInstruction']:
"""Medium level IL form of this expression"""
expr = self.function.get_medium_level_il_expr_index(self.expr_index)
if expr is None:
return None
mlil = self.function.medium_level_il
if mlil is None:
return None
ssa_func = mlil.ssa_form
assert ssa_func is not None, "medium_level_il.ssa_form is None"
return mediumlevelil.MediumLevelILInstruction.create(ssa_func, expr)
@property
def mlil(self) -> Optional['mediumlevelil.MediumLevelILInstruction']:
"""Alias for medium_level_il"""
return self.medium_level_il
@property
def mlils(self) -> Optional[List['mediumlevelil.MediumLevelILInstruction']]:
result = []
for expr in self.function.get_medium_level_il_expr_indexes(self.expr_index):
mlil = self.function.medium_level_il
if mlil is None:
return
ssa_func = mlil.ssa_form
assert ssa_func is not None, "medium_level_il.ssa_form is None"
result.append(mediumlevelil.MediumLevelILInstruction.create(ssa_func, expr))
return result
@property
def low_level_il(self) -> Optional['lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction']:
"""Low level IL form of this expression"""
if self.mlil is None:
return None
return self.mlil.llil
@property
def llil(self) -> Optional['lowlevelil.LowLevelILInstruction']:
"""Alias for low_level_il"""
return self.low_level_il
@property
def llils(self) -> List['lowlevelil.ExpressionIndex']:
result = set()
mlils = self.mlils
if mlils is None:
return []
for mlil_expr in mlils:
for llil_expr in mlil_expr.llils:
result.add(llil_expr)
return list(result)
@property
def il_basic_block(self) -> Optional['HighLevelILBasicBlock']:
"""
IL basic block object containing this expression (read-only) (only available on finalized functions).
Returns None for HLIL_BLOCK expressions as these can contain multiple basic blocks.
"""
core_block = core.BNGetHighLevelILBasicBlockForInstruction(self.function.handle, self.instr_index)
assert core_block is not None, "core.BNGetHighLevelILBasicBlockForInstruction returned None"
if self.function.source_function is None:
return None
return HighLevelILBasicBlock(core_block, self.function, self.function.source_function.view)
@property
def value(self) -> 'variable.RegisterValue':
"""Value of expression if constant or a known value (read-only)"""
mlil = self.mlil
if mlil is None:
return variable.Undetermined()
return mlil.value
@property
def possible_values(self) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
"""Possible values of expression using path-sensitive static data flow analysis (read-only)"""
mlil = self.mlil
if mlil is None:
return variable.PossibleValueSet()
return mlil.possible_values
@property
def expr_type(self) -> Optional['types.Type']:
"""Type of expression"""
result = core.BNGetHighLevelILExprType(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)
if result.type:
platform = None
if self.function.source_function:
platform = self.function.source_function.platform
return types.Type.create(
result.type, platform=platform, confidence=result.confidence
)
return None
@property
def attributes(self) -> Set[ILInstructionAttribute]:
"""The set of optional attributes placed on the instruction"""
result: Set[ILInstructionAttribute] = set()
for flag in ILInstructionAttribute:
if self.core_instr.attributes & flag.value != 0:
result.add(flag)
return result
def get_possible_values(self, options: Optional[List[DataFlowQueryOption]] = None) -> 'variable.PossibleValueSet':
mlil = self.mlil
if mlil is None:
return variable.PossibleValueSet()
if options is None:
options = []
return mlil.get_possible_values(options)
@property
def ssa_memory_version(self) -> int:
"""Version of active memory contents in SSA form for this instruction"""
return core.BNGetHighLevelILSSAMemoryVersionAtILInstruction(self.function.handle, self.instr_index)
def get_ssa_var_version(self, var: 'variable.Variable') -> int:
var_data = var.to_BNVariable()
return core.BNGetHighLevelILSSAVarVersionAtILInstruction(self.function.handle, var_data, self.instr_index)
def get_int(self, operand_index: int) -> int:
value = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index]
return (value & ((1 << 63) - 1)) - (value & (1 << 63))
def get_float(self, operand_index: int) -> float:
value = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index]
if self.core_instr.size == 4:
return struct.unpack("f", struct.pack("I", value & 0xffffffff))[0]
elif self.core_instr.size == 8:
return struct.unpack("d", struct.pack("Q", value))[0]
else:
return float(value)
def get_constant_data(self, operand_index1: int, operand_index2: int) -> variable.ConstantData:
state = variable.RegisterValueType(self.core_instr.operands[operand_index1])
value = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index2]
return variable.ConstantData(value, 0, state, core.max_confidence, self.core_instr.size, self.function.source_function)
def get_expr(self, operand_index: int) -> 'HighLevelILInstruction':
return HighLevelILInstruction.create(
self.function, ExpressionIndex(self.core_instr.operands[operand_index]),
self.as_ast
)
def get_intrinsic(self, operand_index: int) -> 'lowlevelil.ILIntrinsic':
if self.function.arch is None:
raise ValueError("Attempting to create ILIntrinsic from function with no Architecture")
return lowlevelil.ILIntrinsic(
self.function.arch, architecture.IntrinsicIndex(self.core_instr.operands[operand_index])
)
def get_var(self, operand_index: int) -> 'variable.Variable':
value = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index]
return variable.Variable.from_identifier(self.function, value)
def get_var_ssa(self, operand_index1: int, operand_index2: int) -> 'mediumlevelil.SSAVariable':
var = variable.Variable.from_identifier(self.function, self.core_instr.operands[operand_index1])
version = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index2]
return mediumlevelil.SSAVariable(var, version)
def get_var_ssa_dest_and_src(self, operand_index1: int, operand_index2: int) -> 'mediumlevelil.SSAVariable':
var = variable.Variable.from_identifier(self.function, self.core_instr.operands[operand_index1])
dest_version = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index2]
return mediumlevelil.SSAVariable(var, dest_version)
def get_int_list(self, operand_index: int) -> List[int]:
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
operand_list = core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, operand_index, count)
assert operand_list is not None, "core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList returned None"
value: List[int] = []
try:
for j in range(count.value):
value.append(operand_list[j])
return value
finally:
core.BNHighLevelILFreeOperandList(operand_list)
def get_expr_list(self, operand_index1: int, operand_index2: int) -> List['HighLevelILInstruction']:
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
operand_list = core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, operand_index1, count)
assert operand_list is not None, "core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList returned None"
value: List[HighLevelILInstruction] = []
try:
for j in range(count.value):
value.append(HighLevelILInstruction.create(self.function, operand_list[j], self.as_ast))
return value
finally:
core.BNHighLevelILFreeOperandList(operand_list)
def get_var_ssa_list(self, operand_index1: int, _: int) -> List['mediumlevelil.SSAVariable']:
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
operand_list = core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, operand_index1, count)
assert operand_list is not None, "core.BNHighLevelILGetOperandList returned None"
value = []
try:
for j in range(count.value // 2):
var_id = operand_list[j * 2]
var_version = operand_list[(j*2) + 1]
value.append(
mediumlevelil.SSAVariable(variable.Variable.from_identifier(self.function, var_id), var_version)
)
return value
finally:
core.BNMediumLevelILFreeOperandList(operand_list)
def get_member_index(self, operand_index: int) -> Optional[int]:
value = self.core_instr.operands[operand_index]
if (value & (1 << 63)) != 0:
value = None
return value
def get_label(self, operand_index: int) -> GotoLabel:
return GotoLabel(self.function, self.core_instr.operands[operand_index])
def get_constraint(self, operand_index: int) -> variable.PossibleValueSet:
value = core.BNGetCachedHighLevelILPossibleValueSet(self.function.handle, self.core_instr.operands[operand_index])
result = variable.PossibleValueSet(self.function.arch, value)
core.BNFreePossibleValueSet(value)
return result
@property
def raw_operands(self) -> OperandsType:
"""Raw operand expression indices as specified by the core structure (read-only)"""
return self.instr.operands
@property
def operands(self) -> List[HighLevelILOperandType]:
"""
Operands for the instruction
Consider using more specific APIs for ``src``, ``dest``, ``params``, etc where appropriate.
"""
return list(map(lambda x: x[1], self.detailed_operands))
@property
def detailed_operands(self) -> List[Tuple[str, HighLevelILOperandType, str]]:
"""
Returns a list of tuples containing the name of the operand, the operand, and the type of the operand.
Useful for iterating over all operands of an instruction and sub-instructions.
"""
return []
def traverse(self, cb: Callable[['HighLevelILInstruction', Any], Any], *args: Any, shallow: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterator[Any]:
"""
``traverse`` is a generator that allows you to traverse the HLIL AST in a depth-first manner. It will yield the
result of the callback function for each node in the AST. Arguments can be passed to the callback function using
``args`` and ``kwargs``. See the `Developer Docs <https://docs.binary.ninja/dev/concepts.html#walking-ils>`_ for more examples.
:param Callable[[HighLevelILInstruction, Any], Any] cb: The callback function to call for each node in the HighLevelILInstruction
:param Any args: Custom user-defined arguments
:param bool shallow: Whether traversal occurs on block instructions
:param Any kwargs: Custom user-defined keyword arguments
:return: An iterator of the results of the callback function
:rtype: Iterator[Any]
:Example:
>>> def get_constant_less_than_value(inst: HighLevelILInstruction, value: int) -> int:
... if isinstance(inst, Constant) and inst.constant < value:
... return inst.constant
>>>
>>> for result in inst.traverse(get_constant_less_than_value, 10):
... print(f"Found a constant {result} < 10 in {repr(inst)}")
:Example:
>>> def get_import_data_var_with_name(inst: HighLevelILInstruction, name: str) -> Optional['DataVariable']:
... if isinstance(inst, HighLevelILImport):
... if bv.get_symbol_at(inst.constant).name == name:
... return bv.get_data_var_at(inst.constant)
>>>
>>> for result in inst.traverse(get_import_data_var_with_name, "__cxa_finalize", shallow=False):
... print(f"Found import at {result} in {repr(inst)}")
"""
if (result := cb(self, *args, **kwargs)) is not None:
yield result
blacklisted_op_names = {'true', 'false', 'body', 'cases', 'default'}
for op_name, op, _ in self.detailed_operands:
if shallow and op_name in blacklisted_op_names:
continue
if isinstance(op, HighLevelILInstruction):
yield from op.traverse(cb, *args, shallow=shallow, **kwargs)
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
yield from i.traverse(cb, *args, shallow=shallow, **kwargs) # type: ignore
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`HighLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit_all(self, cb: HighLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['HighLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all operands of this instruction and all operands of any sub-instructions.
Using pre-order traversal.
:param HighLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
"""
if cb(name, self, "HighLevelILInstruction", parent) == False:
return False
for name, op, opType in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, HighLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit_all(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit_all(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
elif cb(name, op, opType, self) == False:
return False
return True
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`HighLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit_operands(self, cb: HighLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['HighLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all leaf operands of this instruction and any sub-instructions.
:param HighLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
"""
for name, op, opType in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, HighLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit_operands(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit_operands(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
elif cb(name, op, opType, self) == False:
return False
return True
@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="4.0.4907", details="Use :py:func:`HighLevelILInstruction.traverse` instead.")
def visit(self, cb: HighLevelILVisitorCallback,
name: str = "root", parent: Optional['HighLevelILInstruction'] = None) -> bool:
"""
Visits all HighLevelILInstructions in the operands of this instruction and any sub-instructions.
In the callback you provide, you likely only need to interact with the second argument (see the example below).
:param HighLevelILVisitorCallback cb: Callback function that takes the name of the operand, the operand, operand type, and parent instruction
:return: True if all instructions were visited, False if the callback returned False
:Example:
>>> def visitor(_a, inst, _c, _d) -> bool:
>>> if isinstance(inst, Constant):
>>> print(f"Found constant: {inst.constant}")
>>> return False # Stop recursion (once we find a constant, don't recurse in to any sub-instructions (which there won't actually be any...))
>>> # Otherwise, keep recursing the subexpressions of this instruction; if no return value is provided, it'll keep descending
>>>
>>> # Finds all constants used in the program
>>> for inst in bv.hlil_instructions:
>>> inst.visit(visitor)
"""
if cb(name, self, "HighLevelILInstruction", parent) == False:
return False
for name, op, _ in self.detailed_operands:
if isinstance(op, HighLevelILInstruction):
if not op.visit(cb, name, self):
return False
elif isinstance(op, list) and all(isinstance(i, HighLevelILInstruction) for i in op):
for i in op:
if not i.visit(cb, name, self): # type: ignore
return False
return True
@property
def has_side_effects(self) -> bool:
return core.BNHighLevelILHasSideEffects(self.function.handle, self.expr_index)
def get_lines(self, settings: Optional['function.DisassemblySettings'] = None) -> LinesType:
"""Gets HLIL text lines with optional settings"""
if settings is not None:
settings = settings.handle
count = ctypes.c_ulonglong()
lines = core.BNGetHighLevelILExprText(self.function.handle, self.expr_index, self.as_ast, count, settings)
assert lines is not None, "core.BNGetHighLevelILExprText returned None"
try:
for i in range(0, count.value):
addr = lines[i].addr
if lines[i].instrIndex != 0xffffffffffffffff:
il_instr = self.function[lines[i].instrIndex]
else:
il_instr = None
color = highlight.HighlightColor._from_core_struct(lines[i].highlight)
tokens = function.InstructionTextToken._from_core_struct(lines[i].tokens, lines[i].count)
yield function.DisassemblyTextLine(tokens, addr, il_instr, color)
finally:
core.BNFreeDisassemblyTextLines(lines, count.value)
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False, eq=False)
class HighLevelILUnaryBase(HighLevelILInstruction, UnaryOperation):
@property
def src(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(0)
@property
def detailed_operands(self) -> List[Tuple[str, HighLevelILOperandType, str]]:
return [
("src", self.src, "HighLevelILInstruction"),
]
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False, eq=False)
class HighLevelILBinaryBase(HighLevelILInstruction, BinaryOperation):
@property
def left(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(0)
@property
def right(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(1)
@property
def detailed_operands(self) -> List[Tuple[str, HighLevelILOperandType, str]]:
return [
("left", self.left, "HighLevelILInstruction"),
("right", self.right, "HighLevelILInstruction"),
]
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False, eq=False)
class HighLevelILComparisonBase(HighLevelILBinaryBase, Comparison):
pass
@dataclass(frozen=True, repr=False, eq=False)
class HighLevelILCarryBase(HighLevelILInstruction, Arithmetic):
@property
def left(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(0)
@property
def right(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(1)
@property
def carry(self) -> HighLevelILInstruction:
return self.get_expr(2)
@property
def detailed_operands(self) -> List[Tuple[str, HighLevelILOperandType, str]]:
return [
("left", self.left, "HighLevelILInstruction"),