Merge pull request UWPCE-PythonCert#87 from saschwafel/master

Added Generator Lab and Start on SparseArray

Author: PythonCHB

Students/SSchwafel/Notes/11182014.notes

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+Notes - November 18, 2014
+====================
+
+
+    Subclassing is not for specialization, it's for reusing code
+
+    The subclass is in charge
+
+
+    Multiple inheritance - inheriting from more than one class
+
+class Combined(Super1, Super2, Super3):
+
+method resolution order - class order of operations
+
+    is it an instance attribute?
+    Is it a class attribute?
+    Is it a superclass attribute?
+
+        Is it an attributed of the left-most superclass?
+        Next?
+
+Mixins - classes that are designed to add functionality to a class, but can't do much on its own
+
+    animal
+
+        mammal
+            givebirth()
+
+        Bird
+            layeggs()
+    
+    Where do you put platypus?
+    
+    Real world example: FloatCanvas
+
+
+
+All of the lcass definitions we've been showing inherit from object
+
+This is referred to as a "new style" class
+
+Always subclass from Object
+
+
+super(): <--- use it to call a superclass method, rather than explicitly callin the unbound method on the superclass
+
+read manpages on super()
+
+Properties
+
+Attributes are simple and concise
+
+But what if you need to add extra behavior?
+
+class C(object):
+    _x = None
+    @property
+    def x(self):
+        return self._x
+    @x.setter
+    def x(self, value):
+        self._x = value
+
+@ <----decoration
+
+Syntax for wrapping up function with special syntax
+
+getters/setters/deleters
+
+
+Static and Class Methods:
+
+    Static method is a method that doesn't get 'self'
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def(a,b):
+        return a+b
+
+
+Why are static methods useful? They aren't, usually.
+
+99% of the time you just want a module-level function 
+
+Class Methods
+
+A class method gets the class object, rather than an instance, as the first argument
+
+Why? Unlike static methods, class methods are quite common. They are friendly to subclassing
+
+Properties, Satic Methods, and Class Methods are powerful features of Python's OO model. 
+
+    Descriptor Protocol!
+
+Special Methods! MAgic Methods are the secret sauce to Python's Duck typing. Defining the appropriate special methods in your classes is how you make your classes behave like python Builtins. 
+
+__init__ <---special method
+
+object.__str__ is what happens when you ask for a string version of an object, for example
+
+
+Protocols
+
+   THe set of special methods needed to emulate a particular type of Python object is called a protocol. 
+
+Your classes can "become" like Python builtins by implementing methods in a given protocol 
+
+    
+Use special methods when you want your class to act like a "standard" class in some way. 
+
+Look up the special methods you need and define them
+
+    Guide to Python's Magic Methods
+

Students/SSchwafel/Notes/11252014.notes

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+Notes - Nov 25, 2014
+
+__iadd__
+
+    augmented assignment, used for in-place addition; changes object in place
+
+Making your class behave like builtins!
+
+callable classes
+
+a_result = something(some_arguments) 
+
+    something <---Class
+
+    __call__)*args, **kwargs)
+
+    if you define a __call__ method, that method will be used when code "calls" an instance of your class
+
+Non-built-in sequence classes!
+
+You can create a class that looks like a regular sequence, just add __len__, __getitem_, __setitem__, __delitem__, etc. 
+
+
+Iterators and generators 
+
+What goes on in for loops?
+
+    iterators are what makes Python so readable
+
+    an_iterator.__iter__()
+
+        returns the iterator object itself
+
+    an_iterator.next()
+    
+        returns next item until there are none, then returns StopIteration
+
+
+    What do for loops do?
+    
+       itertools -> build cool iterators out of sequences you have 
+
+
+
+Generators 
+
+    generators give you the iterator immediately
+	
+
+    conceptually - iterators are about various ways to loop over data,
+    generators generate the data on the fly
+
+    practically - you can use either one either way (and generator is a type of
+    iterator
+
+    def a_generator_function(params):
+	some_stuff
+	yield something
+
+
+    a function with 'yield' is a factory for a generator
+
+    gen_a = a_generator()
+    gen_b a_generator()
+
+
+
+

Students/SSchwafel/Notes/12022014.notes

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+Notes 11/02/2014
+====================
+
+You can bind a function to a symbol and return/pass them to functions
+
+Decorator - function takes function as an argument, gives a function as a return value
+
+Rebinding the name of a function to the result of calling a decorator on that function is called decoration
+
+@ <---special operator
+
+Decorators can be used with anything that is callable
+
+    A decorator is a callable that takes a callable as an argument and returns a callable as a return value.
+
+

Students/SSchwafel/Notes/12092014.notes

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+Notes - 12/9/2014
+====================
+
+Unicode and the Persistence of Serialization
+---  
+
+   Projects Due at the end of this week! - Friday
+
+Anything is bytes <-- if it's stored on a disk or sent over a network, it's bytes
+
+Unicode makes it easier to deal with bytes
+
+Used to be able to fit everything into a two byte integer, (65,536 chars.) 
+
+Variety of encodings -> way of going between the canonical name of a character, and how it's stored in memory
+
+Py2 strings are a sequence of bytes - Unicode strings are sequences of platonic characters
+
+Platonic characters cannot be written to disk or network 
+
+
+Python has both str and unicode
+
+Two ways to work with binary data:
+
+str and bytes() and bytearray
+
+In Python 3 bytes and strings are completely different!
+
+Unicode object lets you work with characters - all the same methods as the string object
+    
+    Encoding is converting from unicode object to bytes
+
+    Decoding is converting from bytes to a unicode object
+
+    
+import codects
+#encoding and decoding stuff
+
+codecs.encode()
+codecs.decode()
+codecs.open() #better to use io.open
+
+Use Unicode in  your source files - 
+
+    #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+The Trick in Using Unicode - Be Consistent:
+
+    Always unicode, never Python strings
+
+    Do the decoding when you input your data
+
+        Decode on input
+        
+        Encode on output
+
+    
+        get default encoding - sys.getdefaultencoding()
+
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals #<----after running this line u'' is assumed!
+
+    -be aware that you can still get Python 2 strings from other places...
+
+JSON Requires UTF-8!
+
+In Python 3, all strings are unicode
+
+Py3 has two distinct concepts: 
+
+    text - uses str object
+    binary data - uses bytes 
+
+

Students/SSchwafel/Project/Draft_InformedVoter.py

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+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+from __future__ import unicode_literals 
+from pprint import pprint
+import urllib2
+import simplejson as json
+
+#user_local_data = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('http://freegeoip.net/json/'))
+user_local_data = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('http://api.ipinfodb.com/v3/ip-city/?key=a648bf3844359d401197bcaa214dd01e0f8c0c6d623ec57f3716fbcafc8262bd&format=json'))
+
+user_lat = user_local_data['latitude']
+user_long = user_local_data['longitude']
+
+#print gathered lat/long
+#print user_lat,user_long
+
+#print """
+#
+#You can get your latitude and longitude from http://www.latlong.net/
+#
+#"""
+
+#user_lat = raw_input('Please enter your Latitude: \n') 
+#user_long = raw_input('Please enter your Longitude: \n')
+
+#user_lat = '47.653098'
+#user_long = '-122.353731'
+
+lat_long_url = 'https://congress.api.sunlightfoundation.com/districts/locate?latitude={}&longitude={}&apikey=15f4679bdc124cd6a2c6be8666253000'.format(user_lat, user_long)
+
+congressional_district = json.load(urllib2.urlopen(lat_long_url))
+
+
+legislators = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('https://congress.api.sunlightfoundation.com/legislators/locate?latitude={}&longitude={}&apikey=15f4679bdc124cd6a2c6be8666253000'.format(user_lat, user_long)))
+
+for i in legislators['results']:
+    print i['last_name'] + ' ' + i['bioguide_id']
+
+#All Legislators, irrespective of location
+
+#House only
+#legislators = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('https://congress.api.sunlightfoundation.com/legislators?chamber=house&per_page=all&apikey=15f4679bdc124cd6a2c6be8666253000'.format(user_lat, user_long)))
+
+#All Legislators
+#legislators = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('https://congress.api.sunlightfoundation.com/legislators?per_page=all&apikey=15f4679bdc124cd6a2c6be8666253000'.format(user_lat, user_long)))
+
+#print 'Based on the latitude and longitude provided, your United States Congresspeople are: \n'
+
+
+#Prints Congressman/Congresswoman + First, Last
+
+def find_legislators():
+
+    for i in legislators['results']:
+        print i['last_name'] + ' ' + i['bioguide_id']
+        #legislator_ids.append(i)
+
+#find_legislators()
+
+#votes_url = json.load(urllib2.urlopen('https://congress.api.sunlightfoundation.com/votes?voter_ids.{}__exists=true&apikey=15f4679bdc124cd6a2c6be8666253000')).format( __ THIS IS WHERE THE UNIQUE ID OF THE LEGISLATOR NEEDS TO BE __ )
+
+#pprint(votes_url)
+
+#def recent_votes():
+
+   ##THIS IS WHERE YOU ARE GOING TO RETURN THE LAST 10 VOTES BY var = LEGISLATOR 
+
+def print_legislators():
+
+    for i in legislators['results']:
+
+        if i['chamber'] == 'house' and i['gender'] == 'M':
+            print 'Congressman {} {} - {} \nPhone: {}\nWebsite: {}\n'.format(i['first_name'],i['last_name'],i['party'],i['phone'],i['website'] )
+        if i['chamber'] == 'house' and i['gender'] == 'F':
+            print 'Congresswoman {} {} - {} \nPhone: {}\nWebsite: {}\n'.format(i['first_name'],i['last_name'],i['party'],i['phone'],i['website'] )
+        elif i['chamber'] == 'senate':
+            print 'Senator {} {} - {} \nPhone: {}\nWebsite: {}\n'.format(i['first_name'],i['last_name'],i['party'],i['phone'],i['website'] )
+
+#print_legislators()

Students/SSchwafel/Project/GovTrack_InformedVoter.py

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+
+#List Current Members of Congress with GovTrack
+#congresspeople_url = 'https://www.govtrack.us/api/v2/role?current=true&limit=600'
+
+#One Particular Congressman
+#url = 'https://www.govtrack.us/api/v2/person/400054'
+# this takes a python object and dumps it to a string which is a JSON
+# representation of that object
+data = json.load(urllib2.urlopen(congresspeople_url))
+
+objects = data['objects']
+#for representative in objects:
+#    print representative['person']['name'].encode('utf-8')
+#pprint(objects[0][person]['sortname'])
+
+representatives = []
+
+for i in objects:
+    representatives.append(i['person']['sortname'].encode('utf-8'))
+
+#representatives = sorted(representatives)
+#pprint(representatives)
+