+| IRR – Internal Rate of Return |
+IRR(values,[guess]) - IRR
+will return the Internal Rate of
+Return for a given cash flow,
+that is, the initial investment
+value and a series of net income
+values. It helps calculate the
+rate of return an investment
+would earn based on series of
+cash flows. It is frequently used
+by businesses to compare and
+decide between capital projects.
+1.Values (required argument) –
+This is an array of values that
+represent the series of cash
+flows. Cash flows include
+investment and net income values.
+Values can be a reference to a
+range of cells containing values.
+2.[Guess] (optional argument) –
+This is a number guessed by the
+user that is close to the
+expected internal rate of return
+(as there can be two solutions
+for the internal rate of return).
+If omitted, the function will
+take a default value of 0.1
+(=10%).
+Note: The First value needs
+to be in negative
+ |
+
+| NPV - Net Present Value |
+NPV(rate,value1,[value2],…)
+ie. NPV(discount rate, series
+of cash flow) - The NPV
+Function will calculate the Net
+Present Value (NPV) for a series
+of cash flows and a given
+discount rate. It is useful in
+determining the value of an
+investment or understanding the
+feasibility of a project.
+1.Rate (required argument) – This
+is the rate of discount over the
+length of the period.
+2.Value1, Value2 – Value1 is a
+required option. They are numeric
+values that represent a series of
+payments and income where:
+-Negative payments represent
+outgoing payments.
+-Positive payments represent
+incoming payments.
+ |
+
+| PMT – Periodic Payment |
+PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])
+- The PMT function helps
+calculate the total payment
+(principal and interest) required
+to settle a loan or an investment
+with a fixed interest rate over a
+specific time period.
+1.Rate (required argument) – The
+interest rate of the loan.
+2.Nper (required argument) –
+Total number of payments for the
+loan taken.
+3.Pv (required argument) – The
+present value or total amount
+that a series of future payments
+is worth now. It is also termed
+as the principal of a loan.
+4.Fv (optional argument) – This
+is the future value or a cash
+balance we want to attain after
+the last payment is made. If Fv
+is omitted, it is assumed to be 0
+(zero), that is, the future value
+of a loan is 0.
+5.Type (optional argument) – The
+type of day count basis to use.
+Note:
+1.#NUM! error – Occurs when:
+The given rate value is less than
+or equal to -1.
+The given nper value is equal to
+0.
+2.#VALUE! error – Occurs when any
+of the arguments provided are
+non-numeric.
+3.When calculating monthly or
+quarterly payments, we need to
+convert annual interest rates or
+the number of periods to months
+or quarters.
+4.If we wish to find out the
+total amount that was paid for
+the duration of the loan, we need
+to multiply the PMT as calculated
+by nper.
+ |
+
+| IPMT - Prinicpal for given period |
+IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, [fv],
+[type]) - The IPMT function
+calculates the interest portion
+based on a given loan payment and
+payment period. We can calculate,
+using IPMT, the interest amount
+of a payment for the first
+period, last period, or any
+period in between.
+1.Rate (required argument) – This
+is the interest per period.
+2.Per (required argument) – This
+is the period for which we want
+to find the interest and must be
+in the range from 1 to nper.
+3.Nper (required argument) – The
+total number of payment periods.
+4.Pv (required argument) – This
+is the present value, or the lump
+sum amount, that a series of
+future payments is worth as of
+now.
+5.Fv (optional argument) – The
+future value or a cash balance
+that we wish to attain after the
+last payment is made. If we omit
+the Fv argument, the function
+assumes it to be zero. The future
+value of a loan would be taken as
+zero.
+6.Type (optional argument) –
+Accepts the numbers 0 or 1 and
+indicates when payments are due.
+If omitted, it is assumed to be
+0. Set type to 0 if payments are
+at the end of the period, and to
+1 if payments are due at the
+start.
+Note: #NUM! error – Occurs if
+the supplied per argument is less
+than zero or is greater than the
+supplied value of
+nper.(ie.,per<nper)
+ |
+
+| FV – Future Value |
+FV(rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type])
+- This function helps calculate
+the future value of an
+investment.
+1.Rate (required argument) – This
+is the interest rate for each
+period.
+2.Nper (required argument) – The
+total number of payment periods.
+3.Pmt (optional argument) – This
+specifies the payment per period.
+If we omit this argument, we need
+to provide the PV argument.
+4.PV (optional argument) – This
+specifies the present value (PV)
+of the investment/loan. The PV
+argument, if omitted, defaults to
+zero. If we omit the argument, we
+need to provide the Pmt argument.
+5.Type (optional argument) – This
+defines whether payments are made
+at start or end of the year. The
+argument can either be 0 (payment
+is made at the end of the period)
+or 1 (the payment is made at the
+start of the period).
+ |
+
+| PV - Present Value/Principal
+Value |
+PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv],
+[type]) - It calculates the
+present value of a loan or an
+investment.
+1.rate (required argument) – The
+interest rate per compounding
+period. A loan with a 12% annual
+interest rate and monthly
+required payments would have a
+monthly interest rate of 12%/12
+or 1%. Therefore, the rate would
+be 1%.
+2.nper (required argument) – The
+number of payment periods. For
+example, a 3 year loan with
+monthly payments would have 36
+periods. Therefore, nper would be
+36 months.
+3.pmt (required argument) – The
+fixed payment per period.
+4.fv (optional argument) – An
+investment’s future value at the
+end of all payment periods
+(nper). If there is no input for
+fv, Excel will assume the input
+is 0.
+5.type (optional argument) – Type
+indicates when payments are
+issued. There are only two
+inputs, 0 and 1. If type is
+omitted or 0 is the input,
+payments are made at period end.
+If set to 1, payments are made at
+period beginning.
+ |
+
+| CUMIPMT - Cumulative Interest
+Paid |
+CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv,
+start_period, end_period, type)
+- The CUMIPMT Function helps in
+calculating the cumulative
+interest paid on a loan taken
+out, or earned on an investment
+made.
+1.Rate (required argument) – This
+is the rate of interest per
+period.
+2.Nper (required argument) – The
+total number of payment periods
+for which the loan or investment
+is to be paid.
+3.Pv (required argument) – This
+is the Present Value of the
+loan/investment.
+4.Start_period (required
+argument) – The number of the
+first period over which the
+interest is to be calculated. It
+needs to be an integer between 1
+and the specified NPER.
+6.End_period (required argument)
+– This is the last period over
+which interest is to be
+calculated. It must be an integer
+between 1 and the specified NPER.
+7.Type (required argument) – This
+value can be 0 or 1. It is an
+integer that specifies if the
+interest payment is made at the
+start of the period (0) or the
+end of the period (1).
+Note:
+#NUM! error – Occurs in the
+following scenarios:
+1.When the given start_period or
+end_period is less than or equal
+to zero.
+2.When the given start_period is
+greater than end_period.
+3.When any of the given arguments
+– rate, nper, or PV – is less
+than or equal to zero.
+4.The argument type is not equal
+to 0 or 1.
+ |
+
+| CUMPRINC - Cumulative Principal
+Paid |
+CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv,
+start_period, end_period, type) -
+CUMPRINC Function helps calculate
+the cumulative principal amount
+paid on a loan, or the cumulative
+amount accrued by an investment.
+The function assumes a fixed
+interest rate and payment
+schedule. Most of the times,
+CUMPRINC and CUMIPNT are used
+together.
+1.Rate (required argument) – This
+is the rate of interest per
+period.
+2.NPER (required argument) – The
+total number of payment periods
+for which the loan or investment
+is to be paid.
+3.PV (required argument) – This
+is the Present Value of the
+loan/Investment.
+4.Start_period (required
+argument) – The number of the
+first period over which the
+interest is to be calculated. It
+needs to be an integer between 1
+and the specified NPER.
+5.End_period (required argument)
+– The last period over which
+interest is to be calculated. It
+must be an integer between 1 and
+the specified NPER.
+6.Type (required argument) – This
+specifies the timing of the
+payment. It can be 0 or 1. It is
+an integer that specifies if the
+payment is made at the start of
+the period (0) or at the end of
+the period (1)
+Note:
+#NUM! error occurs in the
+following scenarios:
+1.When the given start_period or
+end_period is less than or equal
+to zero.
+2.When the given start_period is
+greater than the end_period.
+3.When any of the given arguments
+– rate, nper, or PV – is less
+than or equal to zero.
+4.The argument type is not equal
+to 0 or 1.
+ |
+
+| RATE - interest rate per period
+of an annuity |
+RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv],
+[type], [guess]) - The RATE
+function is used to calculate the
+interest rate charged on a loan
+or the rate of return needed to
+reach a specified amount on an
+investment over a given period.
+1.Nper (required argument) – The
+total number of periods (months,
+quarters, years, etc.) over which
+the loan or investment is to be
+paid.
+2.Pmt (required argument) – This
+is the payment for each period.
+This number must be unchanged
+over the life of the loan. Pmt
+includes principal and interest
+but no other fees or taxes. If
+pmt is omitted, fv must be
+inputted.
+3.PV (required argument) – The
+present value of all future
+payments; what all future
+payments would be worth in the
+present.
+4.FV (optional argument) – This
+is the future value that is the
+goal of the investment. This
+value is what we aim to have
+after the last payment is made.
+If we omit fv, it is assumed to
+be 0 (the future value of a loan,
+for example, is 0) and we must
+include a pmt argument instead.
+5.Type (optional argument) –
+Determines how the formula will
+consider the due dates for
+payments. If type is omitted or 0
+is inputted, payments are due at
+period end. If 1 is inputted,
+payments are due at period
+beginning.
+6.Guess (optional argument) – Our
+guess of what the interest rate
+should be. This provides a start
+point for the RATE function so
+that it may converge on an answer
+easier before reaching 20
+iterations.
+When omitted, RATE assumes the
+guess to be 10%.
+If RATE does not converge,
+attempt other values for this
+input.
+Note:
+#1. #NUM! error – If the results
+of RATE do not converge to within
+0.0000001 after 20 iterations,
+RATE returns the #NUM! error
+value. This may be caused by
+failure to use the negative or
+positive sign with regards to
+cash flow conventions.
+ |
+
+| SQRT |
+SQRT(N1) – It returns the square
+root value of Node N1. |
+
+| EXP |
+EXP(N1) - It returns the
+exponential value of Node N1. |
+
+| LOG |
+LOG(N1) - It returns the
+logarithmic value of Node N1. |
+
+
+