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Marcus Brandel

Marcus Brandel

Independent researcher, amateur paleontologist, volunteer, writer. IT by trade. Focus: Small Pleistocene mammal collections. paleontology #osteology, #megafauna

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Lost Bones #4 Update

2 min readOct 16, 2025

There will be some news to come over the next year — the Minnesota specimens from Lost Bones #4 are stepping back into the storyline.

I’ll be hitting the road this fall on weekends to collect these exceptional horse teeth:

The Flower Valley tooth found by Shari Albers with her dad near Red Wing when she was just ten.

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The Sagamore Iron Mine specimen — possibly 35,000 years old, recovered in 1921 from a peat deposit during overburden removal.

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The Wright County molar found at Olson’s Point on Buffalo Lake in 1976.

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And, the infamous “black tooth” — a p2 lower left second premolar found by my good friend on the Cottonwood River near my hometown New Ulm, MN.

These, along with nine additional specimens from the Science Museum of Minnesota, will soon be digitally preserved through high-resolution CT scanning as part of a new project I’ve been partnering on for over a year with the Science Museum of Minnesota, the Goodhue County Historical Society, the Wright County Historical Society, and the Crow Wing County Historical Society. The project aims to shed some scientific light on the presence of the Pleistocene horse in Minnesota and the possible interactions between early equids and the state’s Paleo-Americans.

More to come!

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Marcus Brandel
Marcus Brandel

Written by Marcus Brandel

Independent researcher, amateur paleontologist, volunteer, writer. IT by trade. Focus: Small Pleistocene mammal collections. paleontology #osteology, #megafauna