File Handling in Python

Python Made Easy - (Article 12) Telugu Explanation

4 min readOct 31, 2025

1. Introduction - Why File Handling?

Real-life lo manam data ni save cheyyali ante file lo pedatham (like .txt, .csv, .json).
Python lo kuda, File Handling ane concept use chestam data read & write cheyyadaniki.

Example:

Notes ni text file lo store cheyyadam
User input ni save cheyyadam
Data analysis kosam .csv files read cheyyadam

Python provides built-in functions for all this — open(), read(), write(), close()

2. What is a File?

File ante oka container laanti di - data ni permanent ga store chestundi.
File types rendu rakalu untayi

3. File Operations in Python

Python lo file meeda 4 main steps untayi:

1️⃣ Open the file
2️⃣ Read or Write data
3️⃣ Close the file

Get D Naresh’s stories in your inbox

Join Medium for free to get updates from this writer.

Remember me for faster sign in

Syntax:

file = open("filename", "mode")
# perform read/write operations
file.close()

4. File Opening Modes

5. Reading from a File

file = open("example.txt", "r")
content = file.read()
print(content)
file.close()

Explanation:

"r" mode → read only
read() → full file content ni read chestundi

Suppose example.txt lo content:

Hello Naresh
Welcome to Python

Output:

Hello Naresh
Welcome to Python

6. Writing to a File

file = open("notes.txt", "w")
file.write("Python is easy to learn!\n")
file.write("File handling is simple!")
file.close()

Explanation:

"w" mode → file create chesi overwrite chestundi
write() → text add chestundi

File lo content:

Python is easy to learn!
File handling is simple!

7. Appending Data to File

file = open("notes.txt", "a")
file.write("\nThis line is newly added!")
file.close()

Explanation:

"a" mode → existing content preserve chesi new data add chestundi.

8. Reading Line by Line

Sometimes pedda file lo line by line read cheyyali anukuntam

file = open("example.txt", "r")
for line in file:
    print(line.strip())  # strip() removes \n
file.close()

Output:

Hello Naresh
Welcome to Python

9. Using `with` Statement (Best Practice)

with statement use chesina file automatic ga close avuthundi,
manual close() avasaram ledu

with open("demo.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello Naresh!\n")
    f.write("This file closes automatically.")

print("Done!")

Explanation:
with → context manager, automatically handles closing.

10. Reading Specific Parts

🔹Read First N Characters:

file = open("example.txt", "r")
print(file.read(5))
file.close()

Output (first 5 chars):

Hello

🔹 Read Single Line:

file = open("example.txt", "r")
print(file.readline())
file.close()

🔹 Read All Lines as List:

file = open("example.txt", "r")
lines = file.readlines()
print(lines)
file.close()

Output:

['Hello Naresh\n', 'Welcome to Python\n']

11. Deleting a File

Sometimes unnecessary files delete cheyyali.
For that, we use os module

import os

if os.path.exists("notes.txt"):
    os.remove("notes.txt")
    print("File deleted successfully.")
else:
    print("File not found.")

12. Common File Handling Errors

13. Real-Life Example

# Saving student details to a file
with open("students.txt", "w") as f:
    while True:
        name = input("Enter student name (or 'stop' to exit): ")
        if name.lower() == 'stop':
            break
        f.write(name + "\n")

print("All names saved successfully!")

Explanation:
User input ni line by line file lo store chestundi.

14.Key Takeaways

open(filename, mode) → file ni open cheyyadam
'r', 'w', 'a' modes most common
read(), write(), readline() → perform operations
Always close() or use with open() for safety
Use os.remove() to delete files

15. Practice Problems

1️.Create a text file and write your daily routine into it.
2️.Read a .txt file and count how many lines are there.
3️.Append 5 new lines to an existing file.
4️.Check if a file exists before deleting.