Advanced Java Topic Brief introduction:

Java is a case-sensitive, object-oriented programming language, statistically typed, simple, secure and can run on any platform.

Features of Java Language:

1. Strong security with built in tools.
2. Handles memory and errors as well.

Let’s have a discussion on advanced Java concepts:

1. Wrapper class:

• Java has a feature which converts primitive types to wrapper classes, and can be used for the future by creating wrapper class objects.
• There is one concept of converting primitive to wrapper classes which is known as Auto-boxing.
• And, if we want to convert Wrapper classes to primitive types, the process is known as Auto-Unboxing.

2. Constructors:

• Most important topic in object -oriented programming.
• Used for creation of any instance.
• If any constructor is not invoked by the developer, the compiler will implicitly introduce it known as the default constructor.
• Instance we created, either carry network, file system, serialisation and many more things.

Well, apart from this duplicating the data needs some prevention of data loss and to avoid this, we can use some data conversion methods without any data loss:

• Immutability of data -> Data cannot be altered
• Object conversion to primitive data type
• Casting of data to prevent data loss, can be explicit casting or implicit casting.

3. Collections:

Collections is a class in Java built in libraries, used for storing data. The data stored is unique, in a particular order, associated between elements, in sorted order.

Topics for designing classes and interfaces:

• Interfaces with default classes
• Abstract classes
• Final classes
• Immutable classes
• Inheritance
• Composition
• Visibility (accessibility)

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4. Enums:

Enums are special classes used for various purposes in Java programming. Why are enums used? well, I can show you some functionality of enums.

• It has only fixed values.
• It does not contain default argument constructors.
• It cannot extend other classes, but can implement interfaces.
• It can only inherit interfaces not classes.
• EnumSet and EnumMap cannot be instantiated using constructors.
• allOf() method is used for creating instance of EnumSet and EnumMap.
• EnumMap is not thread-safe and it cannot be used in multi-thread environments.

5. Annotations:

Annotations are special interfaces and have different elements.

• @interfaces used to introduce new annotation types and used before class names.
• While creating annotations in Java, the new operator cannot be used to create new instances of annotation.
• No methods and constructors are allowed in annotations.
• They are mutable, extensible, have additional attributes and are restricted to particular elements.
• It can be used to add meta data to the classes.
• Important Annotations: @Deprecated ,@Override, @SuppressWarnings, @SafeVarargs, @Retention, @Target, @Documented, @Inherited, @FunctionalInterface, @Repeatable

6. Inlining:

It is performed by the JIT(Just in Time) compiler where we can directly implement methods while skipping method calls.

7. Naming Conventions:

It is the way for writing code as well as the documentation for the java programming language. Certain rules are there, which can be followed while programming in Java

• The package name should be in the lower case.
• Class, Enum, Interfaces, Annotation name should be capitalised.
• Methods, Field names should be in the camel case.
• Static final field, or enumeration constant names should be in upper case.
• Local variables and method arguments in the camel case.
• Generic type parameter names should be in the upper case.

Standard libraries: java.util.concurrent, javax.script, java.lang.invoke, java.time

I guess, you easily understand the concept of topics mentioned above and if any, doubts or need to get more complex topics in an easier way, let me know.