PARASUMMARY — CATKing Educare
VARC is the first section of CAT. It has 2 sub-parts: VA & RC. VA stands for Verbal Ability and RC stands for Reading Comprehension. In 2021, there were 66 questions in total of which 24 questions were from the VARC section — 16 questions from RC (4 sets x 4 questions from each set) and 8 questions from VA. The maximum marks for this section were 72 marks. VARC had the most number of questions as compared to the other two sections.
VA section consists of 3 types of questions: Para jumbles, Para summary, and Odd Sentence.
In the Para summary question, there will be a small paragraph of approximately 80–100 words followed by 4 summaries. The objective is to find the best summary. It is a MCQ-type question. It is an MCQ-type question.
How to approach CAT Paragraph Summary Questions
The paragraph summary question asks you to choose an option that succinctly captures the essence of a paragraph, which is usually about 100 to 150 words. The paragraph is followed by four options. Here are a few things that you must do:
A) Read the paragraph carefully; you must try to understand the paragraph. If you have not understood the paragraph, the chances are that you would not be able to pick the right summary. Please leave the question if you are not at all able to understand the contents of the paragraph.
B) Once you have understood the passage, you must try to pick the subject matter of the passage. Look for the important nouns in the passage and connect them such that you create the right logical relationship between those nouns.
C) With this logical link between the nouns, you must start comparing the options. Option comparison is a very important step. The right option must not have anything apart from what is given in the passage; the right option must not distort information, and lastly, the right option must not leave out any critical information. Usually, the options distort information or add something that is not given in the paragraph.
D) You must look for the differences between the options. The point of difference should be evaluated. You should see if the passage has any hint that helps you understand which option is better and which is not.
E) Start with the elimination process, checking out those options that you feel have flaws in them.
F) If two options are very close, you should mark the one that maintains the focus. The essence is more important than the less valuable information. Two options might be equally true but one will talk about the essence, while the other will focus on the insignificant details.
G) Once you are convinced, you can choose the right answer.
Question 1
Israeli air strikes have targeted civilian residents al areas and infrastructure, razing homes and hospitals alike. It has also attacked buildings that house international media organizations and COVID-19 testing laboratories. All this in the name of “fighting against terrorism” and “right to self-defense. Anyone who has followed the trajectory of the Israel-Palestine conflict knows that Israel claims to form a part of the larger agenda to blame Palestinians, victims of its decades-long occupation and persecution.
A) Persecution of innocents has been a norm since the Israel-Palestine conflict raged after the testing labs were destroyed in an air strike.
B) Palestinians and Israelis have been at each other’s throats and have been responsible for murdering the civilians on both sides.
C) Air strikes on Palestinian assets by Israelis have only been rising in recent times.
D) In the name of fighting terrorism, Israelis have long been victimizing the Palestinians by targeting civilians on all sorts of the premise
Answer: D Question 2
Corporate training programs need to be redesigned to better engage learners and empower them to admit what they don’t know. Too many online training modules miss the mark here because they rely on static content, which most people try to click through as quickly as possible, especially if they think they already know it. These programs also make assumptions about what students understand and where they need reinforcement, offering a “one-size-fits-all” approach that’s highly ineffective since every learner is different, with variations in knowledge, experiences, background, and the ability to take in new information, even from moment to moment. Corporate training programs need to be redesigned to better engage learners and empower them to admit what they don’t know. Too many online training modules miss the mark here because they rely on static content, which most people try to click through as quickly as possible, especially if they think they already know it. These programs also make assumptions about what students understand and where they need reinforcement, offering a “one-size-fits-all” approach that’s highly ineffective since every learner is different, with variations in knowledge, experiences, background and the ability to take in new information, even from moment to moment.
A) Corporate training programs these days are of no use and end up sending wrong messages to the students.
B) Corporate training programs need to be redesigned as they are based on incorrect assumptions.
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C) Corporate training programs need to be revamped to make them more adaptive and individualized.
D) There is no need for the outdated training programs that exist today.
Answer: C Question 3
North American walnut sphinx moth caterpillars (Amorpha juglandins) look like easy meals for birds, but they have a trick up their sleeves — they produce whistles that sound like bird alarm calls, scaring potential predators away. At first, scientists suspected birds were simply startled by the loud noise. But a new study suggests a more sophisticated mechanism: the caterpillar’s whistle appears to mimic a bird alarm call, sending avian predators scrambling for cover. When pecked by a bird, the caterpillars whistle by compressing their bodies like an accordion and forcing air out through specialized holes in their sides. The whistles are impressively loud — they have been measured at over 5O dB from 5 cm away from the caterpillar — considering they are made by a two-inch long insect.
A) North American walnut sphinx moth caterpillars will whistle periodically to ward off predator birds — they have a specialized vocal tract that helps them whistle.
B) North American walnut sphinx moth caterpillars can whistle very loudly; the loudness of their whistles is shocking as they are very small insects.
C) The North American walnut sphinx moth caterpillars, in a case of acoustic deception, produce whistles that mimic bird alarm calls to defend themselves.
D) North American walnut sphinx moth caterpillars, in. a case of deception and camouflage, produce whistles that mimic bird alarm calls to defend themselves.
Answer: C Question 4
Cheapness and its cinematic markers, such as hand-held camera work and low or high-contrast light, aren’t themselves guarantors of a tone of artistic authenticity. In fact, they’re often misused by filmmakers short of inspiration as badges of sincerity that take the place of actual artistry. The theatrical realism of much older, ostensibly classic movies has dated terribly and reflects the very exclusions and compromises of the system that produced them. Only the ingenious exertions and inventions of a slender minority of great filmmakers could circumvent and override them. Yet, critics fetishize the styles of studio-era movies and take them for an enduring and immutable aesthetic standard — as if, with an appreciation of Shakespeare came to a comparable fixation on lesser Elizabethans and a disdain for latter-day dramatists for not writing in iambic pentameter.
A) Nostalgia for movies as they were made in the past converges to the nostalgic exaltation of their production methods.
B) Rather than imitating the styles of studio-era movies in a bid to achieve artistic authenticity, filmmakers need to focus on inventive ideas and realistic themes.
C) Only the brilliance and resourcefulness of a small minority of great filmmakers could overcome the hurdles posed by budget constraints in studio-era movies.
D) The veneration of the styles and production methods of low-budget movies of the studio era as the ideal aesthetic standard is misguided.
Answer: D Question 5
Much has rightly been made of the problem of political polarization, but not nearly as much has been said about the problem of political homogenization. Both are toxic to public discourse. While the former makes for awkward conversations at the family dinner table, the latter bury difficult conversations. Where agreement is sought without a decent discussion, opinion corridors form, limiting the range of ideas tolerated in public discourse. Where all views are not heard inappropriate discussion, the only alternative is inappropriate discussion. And populist rhetoric cuts through this muffled discussion culture like a hot knife through butter, as the pent-up need to be heard surfaces.
A) Political ambivalence is as harmful to public discourse as political polarization.
B) By subduing discussion, political homogenization can lead to the rise of populism.
C) When opinion across the political spectrum is not heard, public discourse is crippled.
D) Political homogenization is as much a cause for rising of populism as political polarization.
Answer: B
Originally published at https://catking.in.
