SwiftUI Basic
State with ObservableObject
Use ObservableObject to hold shared state, and @StateObject in the creating view to own its lifecycle.
Views update automatically when @Published properties change.
Syntax: class VM: ObservableObject { @Published var count }, @StateObject private var vm = VM(), bind UI to vm.count.
This example refactors the basic counter above.
The UI and behavior are the same (a counter label and button), but the state now lives in a CounterModel view model managed by @StateObject. This pattern scales better as your app grows.
Stacks and Spacing
Use VStack, HStack, and ZStack to arrange views vertically, horizontally, or in layers.
Spacing and alignment are configurable.
Syntax:
VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 8) { ... }HStack { Text("A"); Spacer(); Text("B") }ZStack { Color.blue; Text("Overlay") }
Overlays and Alignment
Layer content with ZStack and control placement using alignment and alignmentGuide.
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Syntax:
ZStack(alignment: .topLeading) { ... }.alignmentGuide(.top) { d in d[.bottom] }
SwiftUI Layout: GeometryReader
Read parent size and position to build responsive layouts with GeometryReader.
GeometryReader
Use GeometryReader to read parent size and position to build responsive layouts.
SwiftUI Layout: Lazy Stacks
Use LazyVStack/LazyHStack to efficiently render large lists of views on demand.
Lazy Stacks
Lazy Stacks are used to efficiently render large lists of views on demand.
Syntax:
LazyVStack { ForEach(...) { ... } }LazyHStack { ForEach(...) { ... } }
SwiftUI Navigation
Learn to navigate with NavigationStack, push screens with NavigationLink, and present sheets and alerts.
NavigationStack and NavigationLink
Use NavigationStack with NavigationLink to push views onto a stack.
Add titles and toolbar items.
Syntax:
NavigationStack { List { NavigationLink("Title", destination: Detail()) } }.navigationTitle("Title").toolbar { ... }
