Understanding Diabetes

Chapter 1 : Definition and types of diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 diabetes: The most common form of diabetes, usually occurring in adulthood. It develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin. Lifestyle factors and genetics play a role in its development.

Gestational diabetes: A temporary form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It typically resolves after childbirth, but women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Prevalence and global impact of diabetes

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, with its prevalence increasing rapidly in recent decades.

According to the International Diabetes Federation, in 2021, approximately 463 million adults (20–79 years) were living with diabetes worldwide.

The prevalence of diabetes is influenced by factors such as aging populations, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and obesity.

Diabetes imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems, leading to increased…