Encapsulation Vs Abstraction

Hiding !

🔆 Encapsulation is represented by data hiding from direct access, which means information hiding.

It makes variables private and accesses them using public getter and setter methods.

public class Bank {
  private double balance = 0;
  
  public double getBalance() {
    return balance;
  }

  public double setBalance() {
    this.balance=balance;
  }

}

What is happening ?

• The balance variable is private.
• We cannot access them directly.
• This protects data.

🔆 In contrast, Abstraction is used to detail hiding, which means implementation hiding.

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Achieved using abstract classes or interfaces.

abstract class Animal {
  abstract void sound ();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
  void sound () {
    System.out.println (“Bark….”);
  }
}

class Cat extends Animal {
  void sound () {
    System.out.println (“Meow….”);
 }
}

What is happening ?

• The Animal class hides the implementation of sound().
• We only know that animals make sounds.
• How the dog makes sound is hidden inside the Dog class, and cat makes sound is hidden inside the Cat class.
• This is Implementation Hiding.

Furthermore, Encapsulation focuses on data and methods staying together, but abstraction focuses on the interface, not implementation.