<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:cc="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/creativeCommonsRssModule.html">
    <channel>
        <title><![CDATA[Stories by 許明恩 Astro Hsu on Medium]]></title>
        <description><![CDATA[Stories by 許明恩 Astro Hsu on Medium]]></description>
        <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
        <image>
            <url>https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/fit/c/150/150/2*NBD3TgcLlPMPj7iVTxd4MQ.jpeg</url>
            <title>Stories by 許明恩 Astro Hsu on Medium</title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
        </image>
        <generator>Medium</generator>
        <lastBuildDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2026 07:56:35 GMT</lastBuildDate>
        <atom:link href="https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/>
        <webMaster><![CDATA[yourfriends@medium.com]]></webMaster>
        <atom:link href="http://medium.superfeedr.com/" rel="hub"/>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[誰為 Web3 公共財買單？ETHTaipei 2025 心得]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E8%AA%B0%E7%82%BA-web3-%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%B2%A1%E8%B2%B7%E5%96%AE-ethtaipei-2025-%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%97-1b066ba707dc?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/1b066ba707dc</guid>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Sun, 20 Apr 2025 11:17:52 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2025-04-20T15:29:33.449Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>今年 ETHTaipei 我最關心的是公共財議題。大會安排了一個半天、連續 4 場講座與論壇交錯，討論誰該來為 Web3 公共財買單？要理解公共財重要在哪，可以從 2023 年的一場駭客事件說起。</p><p>知名去中心化交易所 Curve 曾在 2023 年被駭，損失 7,000 萬美元等值的加密貨幣。事後調查發現，這起駭客事件嚴格來說並不完全是 Curve 的疏失。問題出在更底層的智慧合約程式語言 — — Vyper。</p><h3>Vyper 的教訓</h3><p>Vyper 是專門用來寫智慧合約的程式語言，語法類似 Python。目前絕大多數智慧合約是以 Solidity 撰寫，Vyper 只是開發者的另一種選擇。一方面方便不同背景工程師加入，另一方面也是分散風險 — — 萬一 Solidity 有漏洞，用 Vyper 打造的應用不會受到影響。</p><p>但這次事件正好相反。駭客發現特定版本的 Vyper 程式語言有漏洞，隨即鎖定以 Vyper 撰寫的 DeFi 應用下手。駭客發現 Curve 部分程式碼是以 Vyper 撰寫，於是利用漏洞陸續從 Curve 偷走約 7,000 萬美元的加密貨幣。</p><p>程式語言就像是人們說的自然語言一樣，都是一種公共財。沒有商業模式，任何人都可以自由使用。平常人們不會特別注意到它。但經過這次事件，人們發現 Vyper 這套程式語言<a href="https://app.optimism.io/retropgf-discovery/0xAbfA48BCc0F96Fc70be7a4156b0a74Ea350167fD">背後</a>竟然只有 1 位全職人員，以及 2 到 3 名社群貢獻者。</p><p>團隊的主要資金來自公共資助，例如 CurveDAO、Gitcoin Grants 及 RetroPGF。但舉辦時間、資助金額都不穩定。而他們打造出來的產品，卻乘載著數千萬美元資產且 24 小時全年無休運行。Vyper 屬於那種「我金憨慢講話」的專案。他們的社群動員力不足，在當今的公共資助機制底下顯得相當劣勢。拿到的資助額非常少。</p><p>這凸顯當前的公共資助兩大難題：資金從何而來、要分配給誰？</p><h3>資金從哪裡來？</h3><p>目前 Web3 公共財的資金來源相當脆弱。早期有些專案依賴以太坊基金會的慷慨資助，但這次 Vitalik 在演講中明確指出，任何「預算有限的中心化組織」都難以無限期支撐整個生態的需求。過度依賴單一實體，不僅有資源枯竭的風險，也與 Web3 去中心化的精神相悖。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*jnY0B2SZMEAFLm2lR1GMDQ.png" /></figure><p>此外，引入追求商業回報的創投資金，又往往與公共資源的開放、共享屬性相衝突。結果就是，多數公共財專案都是仰賴開發者燃燒熱情，加上不穩定的公共資助活動湊合著用。偏偏公共資助機制本身也還在高速迭代，每次對象、主題與配捐機制都不一樣。許多開發者根本沒空追上最新規則變化，也可能就此被排除在資助對象之外。</p><p>公共資助機制之所以不斷修改規則，是因為他們希望更公平地分配資源。</p><h3>資源如何分配？</h3><p>如何公平有效地分配？傳統資助機制仰賴中心化委員會，難免主觀且易受人際網絡影響；而看似更民主的平方資助，雖能放大社群信號，卻飽受女巫攻擊、共謀困擾，且最終資源往往流向那些最擅長行銷、聲量最大的專案。 Davish Mehta 稱這是「會哭的小孩有糖吃」。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*nidaSEOTbmkiPvlGbkPUbg.png" /></figure><p>更麻煩的是，許多真正奠基性的工作，例如底層研究、核心協議維護、枯燥的工具開發，其價值難以被立即看見或量化。在爭奪有限資源時，往往敵不過那些更能吸引社群眼球的應用層專案。</p><h3>建立依存關係圖</h3><p>面對分配困境，我在今年 ETHTaipei 上聽到的最大亮點，是將評估標準從抽象的「價值」或「聲量」，轉向更具體、更結構化的「依存關係圖譜」。</p><p>Vitalik <a href="https://youtu.be/ygaEBHYllPU?si=ErqUI-w1ZGwmEthV">指出</a>，與其問「這個專案對人類有多大貢獻？」（難以回答），不如問「專案 A 對專案 B 的相對貢獻度是多少？」。透過分析誰依賴誰、誰從誰那裡獲得價值，或許能更客觀地描繪出一個專案在生態系中的真實位置和重要性。</p><p>會議中由 Davish Mehta 介紹的 <a href="https://www.deepfunding.org/">Deep Funding</a> 就是實踐依存關係圖的一項全新嘗試。它引入 AI 作為分析「引擎」，規模化處理複雜的依賴關係數據，再輔以人類評審作為「方向盤」，透過抽樣檢查來確保方向與價值對齊。</p><p>核心目標就是希望能自動發現並獎勵那些處於依賴鏈上游、默默支撐著下游應用的關鍵貢獻者，讓他們無需聲嘶力竭地自我推銷，也能憑藉其結構性價值獲得資助 —— 將主動行銷轉為被動受助。這是對分配模式的新嘗試，我樂觀其成。</p><h3>關係圖的極限</h3><p>但 Deep Funding 也有其極限。程式碼的依賴關係相對容易結構化，但教育推廣、社群營造、學術思想傳播等公共財的「依賴關係」如何量化？一場工作坊對開發者能力的提升、一篇研究報告對後續創新的啟發，這些影響鏈條更為隱晦。</p><p>目前來看，依賴圖譜的方法更適用於數據清晰的軟體領域，對於其他類型的公共財，或許仍需仰賴其他機制（如 OSS 座談會中提到的回溯性募資，基於已實現的影響力來評估）或傳統的專家評審。</p><p>目前這些公共資助機制大多仍處於早期實驗階段，規則多變，穩定性不足。如果開發者完全依賴這些來源，收入必定<strong>高度不穩定</strong>，這對於需要長期投入、維持生計的個人或團隊來說，風險過高。</p><p>為了適應這些不斷變化的機制，開發者需要付出大量額外精力去「追規則」，這本身就是龐大的成本。因此，現階段公共資助對多數開發者而言，更像是錦上添花的獎勵，而不是可以安身立命的成熟機制。</p><h3>基礎設施稅</h3><p>我認為當前的「捐贈」模式無法完全匹配公共財的基礎設施屬性，更理想的是建立一種更接近「稅收」的機制。當我們享受 Web3 服務的便利時，一部分價值能自動、系統性地回流到支撐這些服務的公共財上。這不僅更公平，也更能保障基礎設施的持續運作。如同 Vitalik 指出公共資助應該仰賴更多「內部飛輪」，讓生態系可以自給自足。</p><p>今年 ETHTaipei 我看到公共資助有幾項轉變。一方面是鼓勵專案仰賴更多元、外部的資助，另一方面是提議如何從生態系內建立內循環系統。讓公共資助對外展現公共價值，對內可以從使用者身上徵稅。</p><p>另一方面，我看到希望從主動化為被動。現在的公共資助機制例如 QF 高度仰賴專案的行銷，以及參與者的行動。雖然這可以衡量一部分專案的重要性，但動員力未必等於重要性，卻與專案可以獲得的資助金額成正比。</p><p>更好的做法，應該是直接定義好生態系之間的關係且隨時更新。然後只要有資源流入，就按照定義好的最新的權重分配。人們的重心可以重新放回專案的重要性，成為別人依賴的基礎。而不是成為社群的寵兒。我認為這是誘因更正確的機制。</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=1b066ba707dc" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[Silvergate faces a bank run: network effects and a tragedy of excessive optimism]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/silvergate-faces-a-bank-run-network-effects-and-a-tragedy-of-excessive-optimism-bd50b655f4a3?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/bd50b655f4a3</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[bank-run]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[bankruptcy]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[silvergate]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[exchange]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[crypto]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 09 Mar 2023 04:56:20 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2023-03-09T04:58:50.104Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*qCualzf6AqtjNzNKAZLbGg.png" /></figure><h4>This article was translated by Notion AI and <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/515">originally written in Chinese</a>, published on the Blocktrend website.</h4><p>If you have ever held USDC<strong> </strong>or BUSD stablecoins, or used Coinbase or FTX exchanges, then you have indirectly been a customer of Silvergate, a US bank.</p><p>Many exchanges claim to be bridges connecting cryptocurrency and fiat currency, but the real hero behind the scenes is the “crypto-friendly bank” that is willing to manage deposits in currencies such as the New Taiwan Dollar and the US dollar for exchanges. In Taiwan, there are banks such as KGI Bank and Far Eastern Bank, while in the United States, they are Silvergate Bank and Signature Bank.</p><p>Since 2013, Silvergate Bank has been a reliable partner of exchanges. However, this small bank that has been deeply involved in the cryptocurrency industry for 10 years is currently facing its largest operational crisis since its establishment in 35 years, due to market factors. Silvergate Bank lost over 8 billion US dollars in deposits last quarter, and last week, it not only saw its stock price plummet by 60% in a single day due to its failure to submit financial reports to the US government on time, but also forced its former allies to cut ties.</p><p>Those who have experienced the FTX incident personally know that they need to be careful about the domino effect. This article will first explain how Silvergate has developed from a small bank with only three branches to a financial center in the cryptocurrency industry, and then discuss the reasons behind its current operational crisis and the impact of a bank run on the market.</p><h3>Network effects</h3><p>The easiest way to enter the cryptocurrency industry is to buy cryptocurrency. By registering an account with an exchange, linking a bank account, and transferring New Taiwan Dollars to the exchange’s designated bank account, the New Taiwan Dollar balance will appear in the individual’s exchange account in just a few seconds. Then, you can use New Taiwan Dollars to buy cryptocurrency.</p><p>The process seems simple, but there are many difficulties behind it. Most banks do not do business in the cryptocurrency industry because of unknown risks or small scale, and exchanges face obstacles in opening bank accounts that can manage New Taiwan Dollars. The same dilemma also occurs in the United States. Silvergate Bank is a regional bank established in 1988, and unless you are a resident of California, you may never have dealt with Silvergate.</p><p>The turning point came in 2013, when Silvergate CEO Alan Lane first encountered Bitcoin. Unlike most bankers who only saw the risks, Alan Lane also saw the financial revolution behind Bitcoin, which theoretically allows people to manage digital assets on their own and become their own banks without relying on third-party custody. Although he may have only had a rudimentary understanding of Bitcoin at the time, Alan Lane did the same thing that most people entering the cryptocurrency industry do: he bought some cryptocurrency.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*__LXWJLCYtjXKcJ4.jpeg" /><figcaption>Silvergate CEO Alan Lane / <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/31/meet-silvergates-alan-lane-whos-bankrolling-cryptocurrency-exchanges.html">Source</a></figcaption></figure><p>Alan Lane found that exchanges were always shut out by banks during the process of buying cryptocurrency. As a bank CEO, he decided to make a bold attempt to provide banking services to exchanges. In an interview with CNBC, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/31/meet-silvergates-alan-lane-whos-bankrolling-cryptocurrency-exchanges.html">he said</a>:</p><blockquote><em>I wanted to connect these two industries. Although this could disrupt the rules of the banking industry in the long run, in the short term, these companies need banks. They have not done anything wrong, illegal, or unethical. If they do something wrong, we will refuse to provide services.</em></blockquote><p>Even in 2023, there are still very few banks willing to do business in the cryptocurrency industry. Therefore, ten years ago, just hearing that Silvergate was willing to do business with exchanges, many companies rushed to deposit US dollars, not seeking interest on deposits, but satisfied as long as they could send and receive US dollars through the bank.</p><p>For banks, these are zero-cost funds. Is there anything more enjoyable than this? Silvergate’s <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1312109/000119312518329074/d568616ds1.htm">listing prospectus</a> proudly states that its biggest advantage is being able to obtain a large amount of interest-free deposits from cryptocurrency clients. Silvergate’s business strategy is not to pursue higher borrowing rates, but to focus on serving these users and attracting more interest-free deposits.</p><p>After starting to do business in the cryptocurrency industry, Silvergate also found that the traditional financial system could not meet the needs of cryptocurrency clients. Cryptocurrency operates 24/7, but the financial system of banks has working hours. Therefore, Silvergate launched its own bank internal transfer service, the Silvergate Exchange Network (SEN). Its function is simple but practical: it allows USD transfers between Silvergate users 24/7, just like cryptocurrency.</p><p>This created a network effect. There is a frequent need for fund transfers between exchanges, and if everyone is a Silvergate customer, they can use SEN internal transfers to improve the efficiency of fund transfers. Otherwise, it takes longer for wire transfers or ACH transfers to arrive. Therefore, Silvergate’s customers will actively help attract business and inquire about potential partners: “Are you a Silvergate customer? Are you on the SEN network?”</p><p>With the courage to do business in the cryptocurrency industry and provide the SEN internal transfer service, Silvergate’s revenue has been soaring, and it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 2018. With the bull market in the cryptocurrency industry, Silvergate’s stock price even hit a historic high of $239 in November 2021. The “Stock Goddess” Cathie Wood and Wall Street market maker Citadel have both held a large amount of Silvergate stock. Silvergate has become a concept stock for the cryptocurrency industry in the banking industry.</p><p>However, now Silvergate’s stock price has plummeted over 97% from its high point, with only about $5 per share remaining. The key lies in the FTX exchange’s bankruptcy in 2022, which caused market panic, and Silvergate’s own risk control problems.</p><h3>Bear market and Black Swan events</h3><p>In 2022, the cryptocurrency industry entered a bear market, and Silvergate’s stock price was inevitably affected. However, Silvergate is fundamentally still a bank and has experienced bull and bear market transitions before, so it should be able to weather this storm. Even Silvergate <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/31/meet-silvergates-alan-lane-whos-bankrolling-cryptocurrency-exchanges.html">previously stated</a> that the advantage of operating in the enterprise market is that it is relatively stable, and institutional investors are not as “fickle” as retail investors.</p><p>This is also reflected in the numbers. The following chart shows the total deposits held by Silvergate for cryptocurrency clients before the third quarter of 2022. Although the total deposits decreased from a high of $14.7 billion to $12 billion in 2022, it can be said to be quite stable compared to the drop in cryptocurrency prices, and the total deposits are still higher than they were one year ago.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*blPznlfQ1xyRUeeB.jpeg" /><figcaption>Total deposits held by Silvergate for cryptocurrency clients / <a href="https://s23.q4cdn.com/615058218/files/doc_financials/2022/q3/Ex.-99.2-SI-3Q22-Earnings-Presentation.pdf">Source</a></figcaption></figure><p>However, no one expected the FTX bankruptcy and Silvergate’s own risk control issues to cause them to lose all the profits they had made in the past few years in the second half of 2022, and even jeopardize the bank’s survival.</p><p>FTX is one of Silvergate’s important customers. The bankruptcy of FTX at the end of last year made many investors lose confidence, not only selling the cryptocurrency in their hands, but even determined to withdraw from the cryptocurrency industry. At that time, the market atmosphere was quite panic-stricken, and various exchanges were processing a large number of user withdrawals. If an exchange acted too slowly, people would worry if it would become the next “FTX”.</p><p>As the “fiat currency vault” of exchanges, Silvergate has to bear even greater pressure. Even last year, they had to deal with a significant amount of withdrawals from FTX users. This made Silvergate’s deposit balance drop significantly, and many people began to worry about the bank’s risks. Although Silvergate issued a statement at the time, saying that the bank’s balance sheet was still strong and there was no need for customers to worry, it did not dispel the panic in the market.</p><p>As an exchange, Silvergate’s “fiat vault” is under greater pressure, with bank deposits flowing out as high as $8.1 billion in the fourth quarter of last year alone. People thought the most difficult time of panic had passed, but they overlooked the fact that Silvergate had already suffered severe damage from coping with a large number of withdrawals in a short period of time. Banks are most afraid of runs, and the changes in the global economic environment have hit Silvergate harder.</p><p>Starting in 2020, the US Federal Reserve and other central banks around the world have successively announced interest rate cuts, forcing money into the market to stimulate consumption and drive the economy. This was also the beginning of the previous round of the cryptocurrency bull market, with various exchanges bringing in large amounts of cash to Silvergate. Although the money was zero-cost, the bank still had to find a way to generate income. Silvergate eventually chose to invest in US bonds, which is quite consistent with its pursuit of stability.</p><p>However, at that time, the investment return rate for short-term US bonds was extremely low. For example, the annual yield on three-month short-term US bonds was only 0.01%, almost like putting money under a mattress. Therefore, Silvergate mainly invested in long-term US bonds of 5 to 10 years or more, generating an annual return rate of about 1% to 2%. These funds accounted for 70% of Silvergate’s total deposits.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*gsSipLo7_KxgAN-q.png" /><figcaption>Three-Month Short-Term Treasury Yield / <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/quotes/US3M">Source</a></figcaption></figure><p>People familiar with risk management will surely frown upon seeing this: “Silvergate is investing the exchange’s money in long-term US bonds?”</p><p>The longer the maturity of US bonds, the lower their market liquidity. In other words, if Silvergate needs to sell these long-term US bonds for cash, it will inevitably have to sell them at a discount. This means that Silvergate was gambling that there would be no major crisis in the cryptocurrency industry in the next few years, which was clearly too optimistic.</p><p>As we all know now, the US Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates, causing the value of previously purchased bonds to decline, and then FTX’s collapse triggered a panic run. To cope with the withdrawal demand, Silvergate was forced to sell long-term bonds at a loss. The more they sold, the more they lost. In the fourth quarter of last year, Silvergate sold $5.2 billion worth of bonds and lost $750 million due to early sales, which is equivalent to a 15% discount.</p><p>The key point is that the vast majority of these are not Silvergate’s own funds, but assets temporarily deposited by cryptocurrency users. In the event of another run, Silvergate will face even greater losses and may eventually become insolvent. Even if Silvergate has already drastically cut staff and reduced operating costs, it is still not enough to cope with the situation.</p><h3>The Unknown Bomb</h3><p>Last week, Silvergate sent a letter to the US Securities and Exchange Commission notifying them that their financial report would be delayed, pushing the company into an abyss.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*RPvAqF7RM_j0jmng.png" /><figcaption>Silvergate notifies that their financial report will be delayed / <a href="https://ir.silvergate.com/sec-filings/sec-filings-details/default.aspx?FilingId=16454314">Source</a></figcaption></figure><p>“Can the money inside be safe if they can’t even submit their financial report on time?”</p><p>Not only did Silvergate’s stock price plummet by 60% in a single day, but cryptocurrency companies also couldn’t sit still and jumped out to cut ties, saying they had transferred their assets to other banks. Everyone is worried that if the cryptocurrency financial center Silvergate catches fire, it will have a wide impact. Just like FTX’s collapse didn’t just hurt FTX users, the fire spread and even the cryptocurrency media CoinDesk and its parent company Digital Currency Group (DCG), who originally exposed the scandal, suffered losses.</p><p>If the stablecoin issuer puts their US dollar reserves in Silvergate but can’t get them back, causing the stablecoin to decouple from the dollar, there may be an even bigger tsunami. Fortunately, major stablecoin issuers such as Tether, Circle, and Paxos have all released statements clarifying that they no longer keep their money in Silvergate. Major exchanges such as Coinbase, Kraken, and Gemini say they have already transferred their funds to other banks, such as Signature.</p><p>Although there is no immediate danger at the moment, after a few days of customer runs, Silvergate is likely to lose even more than before. In addition to shareholders losing money, it is unknown whether users will also lose money. However, the reason why the market is not as panicked as it was when FTX collapsed may be because Silvergate is ultimately a member of the US banking system, and user assets are also protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), theoretically avoiding a tragedy like FTX’s collapse without anyone to help.</p><p>In terms of industry development, there are not many banks willing to take on cryptocurrency-related businesses. Silvergate’s poor management has caused the cryptocurrency industry to lose an important and influential ally. Although US regulators have not yet used Silvergate as a reason to restrict banks from providing financial services to the cryptocurrency industry, and have allowed banks to assess risks on their own, if politicians want to use risks as a topic, Silvergate’s incident may be the material they need.</p><p>In the final analysis, although Silvergate’s incident was caused by market turmoil in the cryptocurrency industry, the problem is not with cryptocurrency itself, but with the bank’s risk management. Silvergate is a publicly traded company and is subject to strict supervision. It made such an obvious mistake, and the government is only reacting after the fact. On the other hand, the 24/7 transparent on-chain financial market can rely on the eyes of the people to uncover potential problems might be better.</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=bd50b655f4a3" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[RetroPGF: Earn back subscription fee by social impact bonds]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/retropgf-earn-back-subscription-fee-by-social-impact-bonds-fb29d2d1b006?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/fb29d2d1b006</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[social-impact]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[blockchain]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[public-good]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[optimism]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[ethereum]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2023 03:23:34 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2023-02-27T03:35:16.801Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<h4>This article was translated by Notion AI and <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/466#details">originally written in Chinese</a>, published on the Blocktrend website.</h4><p>Blocktrend has been around for over 5 years since its establishment in July 2017. During this time, Blocktrend has published nearly 500 articles and 172 podcast episodes. Thank you to all members who have supported my full-time creation through paid subscriptions and helped me explore new possibilities.</p><p>If one day I announce that Blocktrend will refund everyone’s subscription fees <strong>with interest</strong>, please don’t be scared. This is not the end of Blocktrend’s operations, but rather, I am trying out a new possibility — Web3 Social Impact Bonds — turning everyone’s early sponsorship into a profitable investment.</p><p>This is not a sudden whim of mine, but a concept proposed by Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin in July 2021 — Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF). However, its name is not only tongue-twisting, but also overturns everyone’s existing knowledge.</p><p>I am trying to use <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/">Blocktrend</a> as an example to help everyone understand the innovation of this mechanism.</p><h3>Public Goods and Free Riders</h3><p>The last time you heard about public goods may have been in your junior high school history textbook. Simply put, public goods [1] are things that everyone hopes to enjoy but few are willing to pay for, such as maintaining a clean park, reducing crime rates, or subscribing to paid media.</p><p>People want a clean park, a safe society, and high-quality news media, but the problem is that these resources have a commonality — free riders. For example, in the case of subscribing to media, the number of paid subscribers is usually 1/10 of the number of free readers.</p><p>In other words, if a subscription-based media claims to have 100,000 free readers, you can estimate that there are about 10,000 paid subscribers. The other 90,000 can be considered as “free riders”. Media without paywalls, such as <a href="https://www.twreporter.org/">The Reporter</a>, may have an even lower paid ratio.</p><p>After all, everyone will ask, “What do I get for paying?” Unfortunately, the answer is usually nothing. Therefore, public goods generally rely on government funding (taxes) to maintain operations, and venture capitalists or individuals are less willing to sponsor public goods with a return on investment of 0. But this also makes it difficult for everyone to enjoy the benefits of public goods.</p><p>Public goods in the Web3 field are more common than in the physical world. For example, the code of the Ethereum blockchain and subsequent functional upgrades [2] can be enjoyed free of charge, even without government funding. However, even if the Ethereum Foundation has more money, it is difficult to support the research and development of so many aspects of the entire blockchain.</p><p>Therefore, Buterin thought that if sponsorship of public goods could be turned into a profitable investment and public issues could be handled with a new business model, it might attract more funds to flow in and accelerate overall development. This model is not created out of thin air. I would say it is the Web3 version of “Social Impact Bonds”.</p><h3>Social Impact Bonds</h3><p>Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) is a new concept that emerged in 2010, which uses potential future profits to attract people to invest in public goods. It turns the two-way interaction between the government funding and the recipient into a three-party relationship between the government, the recipient, and the investor.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*FbHdgpQWn0Zemrl6.jpeg" /><figcaption>Social Impact Bonds’ three-party relationship diagram</figcaption></figure><p>For example, in Taiwan, <a href="https://www.pts.org.tw/">Public Television Service</a> plays the role of a non-profit television station and is funded by the government.</p><p>However, if the government sponsors public media through Social Impact Bonds in the future, the government’s budget will not directly flow into Public Television Service, but will become funds used to purchase bonds. Various media operators, such as The Storm Media, The Reporter, TVBS, Sanlih, or CTV, must first issue bonds to raise funds and find a way to become high-quality media in the eyes of the government, so that the government can purchase bonds in the hands of investors and allow early investors to profitably exit.</p><p>This model was initially used in Peterborough Prison in the UK. The UK government allocated a budget to solve the problem of reducing recidivism rates among ex-offenders. Social Finance, a non-profit organization, volunteered to issue Social Impact Bonds and raised 5 million pounds from 17 investors.</p><p>Seven years later, the UK government found that the recidivism rate of ex-offenders from Peterborough Prison had already decreased by 9% compared to before. Therefore, the UK government used the budget to buy the Social Impact Bonds from the investors. In other words, the 17 investors at the time could all receive an annual investment return of about 3%.</p><p>Although the return on investment is not high, this mechanism successfully turned public goods that everyone wanted to “free ride” into a profitable investment. While making money, it can also solve social problems and attract funds to enter.</p><p>The same model can be applied to the Web3 field with slight modifications. This is the Retroactive Public Goods Funding (RetroPGF) proposed by Buterin.</p><h3>RetroPGF</h3><p>There is no government in the Web3 field, so where does the funding for sponsoring public goods come from is a problem. In addition, the allocation of funds in Web3 will be the second challenge if it is all decided by the government, which will cause controversy.</p><p>Currently, funding for sponsoring public goods in Web3 mainly comes from the cryptocurrency circle and personal donations. For example, the second-layer network Optimism of Ethereum [3] set aside a budget of $1 million as a sponsorship of public goods in 2021 and used it to experiment with RetroPGF. As long as you consider yourself a team building Ethereum public goods project, you can apply for funding sponsorship from Optimism <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1rphUkII5-49VmRVKaQBxsOYRNsO56ifGSSLctQyduWg/edit#gid=2130851094">proposal</a>.</p><p>However, who is eligible to receive the money is not determined by Optimism, but by 22 representatives selected in advance who vote to confirm. In the end, the following teams received different amounts of funding.</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/324/0*9Jvy8JjWhgL-d9-j.png" /><figcaption>Recipients of the first round of RetroPGF / <a href="https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html">Image source</a></figcaption></figure><p>At first glance, this may seem like another form of subsidy application, and it is difficult to see the relationship between it and Social Impact Bonds.</p><p>This is because most of the teams in the figure have not experienced the complete process of Social Impact Bonds from fundraising, execution to profitability, but have already completed fundraising through other channels. The sponsorship budget of Optimism is just an additional way for them to obtain funding. Even if they really get sponsorship, the funds are unlikely to return to the investors’ pockets, so there is no investment return to <a href="https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html">announce</a>.</p><p>But RetroPGF is a new attempt in the field of Web3 public goods, and it is still in the exploration stage. If it can attract more funds and promote the development of public goods in the Web3 field, it will be a new possibility worth trying.</p><p>[1] <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/ep75">平方募資法：Podcast 的商業模式 ft. 激進改變台北社群梁智程、黃雅信</a></p><p>[2] <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/465">以太坊合併：升級路線圖、礦工的無意義分叉</a></p><p>[3] <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/443">Optimism 生態系入門指南</a></p><p>[4] <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/178">平方投票法：票票不等值的公平投票</a></p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=fb29d2d1b006" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[區塊勢成為 LikeCoin 的驗證者]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E5%8B%A2%E6%88%90%E7%82%BA-likecoin-%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89%E8%80%85-130d7e437e46?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/130d7e437e46</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊勢]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[node]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[crypto]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[likecoin]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[validator]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 14 Oct 2021 03:28:13 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2021-10-14T03:28:13.352Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>國慶連假期間，區塊勢正式成為 LikeCoin 的區塊鏈節點（node），或稱驗證者（validator）。如果你已經熟悉 LikeCoin 的治理機制或是手上有 LIKE，歡迎<a href="https://stake.like.co/validators/cosmosvaloper18u8zdrgngyfeq2rfh9ds7a3hg7awx8h9kpw2xp">委託</a>給區塊勢，可以替你賺得每年 9.89% 的收益（浮動）並參與鏈上治理。</p><p>這篇文章介紹 LikeCoin 驗證者在做什麼、有哪些成本與回報，以及你可以如何參與？</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*vmqYRYNdFWkHLl_Uq6EGwQ.png" /></figure><h3>鏈上立委</h3><p>LikeCoin 驗證者就是 LikeCoin 區塊鏈的礦工。</p><p>多數的加密貨幣都是建立在以太坊區塊鏈上，只要以太坊安全無虞，這些加密貨幣的「地基」就很牢固。而 LikeCoin 則是在 Cosmos3 生態系中獨立的區塊鏈，相當於自己打地基。因此，它得招募自己的礦工來維持 LikeCoin 區塊鏈營運。</p><p>為什麼要這麼大費周章？有經濟、政治兩大原因。</p><p>LikeCoin 是去中心化出版（DePub4）的基礎建設。人們每次按下讚賞鍵，相當於發送一筆微型支付（LIKE 幣）給文章創作者。若按照目前以太坊的<a href="https://etherscan.io/gastracker">擁堵狀況</a>，每筆轉帳的手續費肯定遠高於打賞金額。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*rO0pYZ9hASXD2sRAp8FwCQ.png" /></figure><p>誰會為了打賞 5 元台幣，而支付 600 元的轉帳手續費？這就是 LikeCoin 獨立建區塊鏈的經濟理由。</p><p>其次，以太坊上的應用開發者眾多。優點是生態系豐富，讓不同應用的功能就像是疊樂高一樣，可以相互整合；缺點則是底層的區塊鏈無法為單一應用最佳化。</p><p>以 Compound 為例，它的去中心化治理僅限於 Compound 的借貸協議本身。若新功能需要改動以太坊的原有功能，那就得到以太坊的治理論壇另外提案。由另外一群人經過長時間討論，確保新功能符合各方利益後，才有可能實現。</p><p>相對之下，LikeCoin 獨立建區塊鏈，可以自由調整所有設定。小到功能升級，大至經濟模型都可以提案修改。而 LikeCoin 驗證者的角色就像是「鏈上銀行」加上「鏈上立委」，LIKE 的持有者則是「鏈上公民」。</p><p>人們若將 LIKE 委託給驗證者，不只可以替你賺取收益，也等於是在參與鏈上治理。但驗證者並不是無償的志工，他們得替自己「開薪水」，並說服人們將手上的 LIKE 委託給他。</p><h3>成本與回報</h3><p>如下圖所示，目前 LikeCoin 鏈上共有 50 位驗證者。如果你手上有一筆 LIKE，你會選擇抵押給誰？</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*pU3ycpkpMqxkmQCjhEFx4Q.png" /></figure><p>就像拿到選舉公報時，人們會先找熟悉的名字。只不過，畫面右邊還有兩個供人們參考的關鍵數據 — — 收益率（Rewards）以及決策權（Voting Power）。</p><p>收益率表示你將 LIKE 抵押給這位驗證者，每年可以獲得的收益回報。以畫面最上方的兩位驗證者 WeLike、0-ZeroKeeper 為例，委託給他們的收益率高達 10.99%，是目前鏈上收益最高的驗證者。這個數字怎麼來的？</p><p>它與 LikeCoin 的年增發率（inflation rate）、參與抵押的比例高低（delegation ratio），以及驗證者收取的佣金（commission）有關係。</p><p>舉例來說，目前 LikeCoin 的年增發率是 7%。也就是 LIKE 在明年的市場流通總量，理論上會比今年增加 7%。但增發的這 7% 並非人人有獎。只有參與抵押的人，才可以獲得這些新發行的 LIKE。</p><p>假設市場上 100% 的 LIKE 都參與抵押，而驗證者收取的佣金為 0％，那麼年收益率就會是 7%。但如果只有 50% 的 LIKE 參與抵押，驗證者同樣將佣金設為 0％，收益率就會增加到 14%。</p><p>簡單來說，如果你沒把 LIKE 抵押給驗證者，就等於放棄領取每年增發的 LIKE。雖然你手上的 LIKE 數量不變，但在市場流通量的佔比則會被稀釋掉。</p><p>而驗證者設定的佣金，就像是自己開出來的「薪水」。代表他們會從抵押者每年多獲得的 LIKE 中，收取多少比例當成驗證者的回饋獎勵。</p><p>像是 WeLike、0-ZeroKeeper 這兩位驗證者，之所以能夠提供高達 10.99% 的年收益率，就是因為他們自願當志工不領薪水。反觀列表上收益率為 5.49％ 的驗證者，就是開出 50% 的佣金率。</p><p>人們如果不清楚驗證者實際上會做出哪些貢獻，當然會優先抵押給不收佣金的志工。而收取高額佣金的驗證者可能正在貢獻社群，但也可能就只是「坐領乾薪」。和民意代表的狀況類似。</p><p>以驗證者 <a href="https://stake.like.co/validators/cosmosvaloper1v8njts96gl5eqstnen4gksdy5k860fau65c3sw">Forbole</a> 為例，他們開出的佣金率是 100%。換句話說，你抵押的 LIKE 收益都會直接進到 Forbole 的口袋裡，相當於捐贈未來的 LIKE 收益給他們。不過 Forbole 對 LikeCoin 的貢獻也非常具體，就是為 LikeCoin 打造類似 Etherscan 的區塊鏈瀏覽器 — — <a href="https://likecoin.bigdipper.live/">Big Dipper</a>。這是區塊鏈的基礎建設之一，否則其他用戶就得自己用命令行撈出鏈上數據。</p><p>從這個角度來看，將 LIKE 委託給有收佣金的驗證者，相當於認同他們在做的事，並直接以未來 LIKE 幣的部分收益贊助他們。</p><p>這比定期定額捐款更簡單。如果未來幣價上漲，所有人都能雨露均霑。反過來說，驗證者也得定期向委託人交代自己做了哪些事、對於社群治理的想法，才能收到更多的 LIKE 委託。</p><p>以區塊勢為例，我暫訂 10% 佣金是用來支付節點的營運成本，並會在未來每次投票前寫文章說明支持或反對的理由。</p><h3>流動民主</h3><p>有別於大家熟悉的選舉制度，每隔幾年就會改選，鏈上立委沒有任期限制。</p><p>只要驗證者收到的 LIKE 抵押數量在前 50 名，就能即刻「當選」。反過來說，人們要「罷免」鏈上立委只要將 LIKE 改抵押給其它驗證者，讓他跌出前 50 名就算是罷免成功。</p><p>鏈上立委可以說是 24 小時全年無休都在競選狀態。他們必須理解 LikeCoin 用戶的需求，提出政見並爭取支持。支持度越高的驗證者不只決策權越大，能獲得的收益理論上也就越可觀。這是一場賽局。驗證者必須權衡各項因素，才能獲得最高支持。</p><p>只不過，目前 LikeCoin 的治理生態還沒有這麼成熟。多數人還是以收益率為主要考量，而非去細究每位驗證者的貢獻與佣金的關係。就像 Compound 的治理論壇中，會直接呈現每位民意代表參與過多少提案以及支持（或反對）哪些提案，讓人們當成委託的參考依據。</p><p>未來 LikeCoin 肯定也會有類似的治理數據，讓大家在支付「薪水」、委託決策權之前能對每位驗證者有大致的理解。如果你也希望未來的每次投票提案，都可以有一篇像這樣的文章交待來龍去脈，那歡迎你下載 <a href="https://liker.land/getapp">Liker Land</a> 這款錢包 app 並將手上的 LIKE 委託給區塊勢。用幣投票之餘，還能一起體驗全新的<a href="https://ckxpress.com/liquid-democracy-with-audrey-tang/">流動民主</a>。</p><p>如果你喜歡這篇文章，說不定你也會對區塊勢的<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">過往內容</a>感興趣。此外，也請大家推薦區塊勢給身邊的親朋好友 🙏</p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=130d7e437e46" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[用區塊鏈將銀行、海運串起來 ft. 國泰金控環球貿易共享區塊鏈]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88%E5%B0%87%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C-%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%8B%E4%B8%B2%E8%B5%B7%E4%BE%86-ft-%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%B0%E9%87%91%E6%8E%A7%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88-ceae6361858b?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/ceae6361858b</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[銀行]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[國泰金控]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[加密貨幣]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[環球貿易共享]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2020 04:05:47 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-11-12T04:05:47.904Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>嗨！這是<a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E5%8B%A2/id1441274280">區塊勢的 podcast 節目</a>，討論的是區塊鏈在國際貿易的應用。</p><h4>區塊勢</h4><p>一人媒體，提供說人話的區塊鏈內容。每週固定發表 2 篇原創文章和 1 集人物專訪，討論區塊鏈的應用、法律和技術議題。</p><p>區塊勢是台灣科技類 podcast 排行榜<a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E5%8B%A2/id1441274280">前 3 名</a>的熱門節目，有 10,000 人留下 email 定期收到最新公開內容。</p><p>若你覺得區塊勢做得不錯，文末還有更多公開文章，或以<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/subscribe">付費訂閱</a>（月費 8 美金／年費 80 美金）解鎖全部文章並支持區塊勢獨立營運。</p><p>這集討論的是區塊鏈在國際貿易的應用。最近國泰金控發表了「<a href="https://www.cathayholdings.com/holdings/information-centre/intro/latest-news/detail?news=tmSQlQuDeEutMdfq-wE9RQ">環球貿易共享區塊鏈</a>」找來多家銀行共組聯盟，藉由聯盟間的資料共享降低融資風險。</p><p>我對國際貿易相當不熟悉，因此再次邀請國泰金控數數發區塊鏈團隊（名字好長）來錄一集 podcast。錄完我也聽懂了。銀行靠放款的利息賺錢，但又擔心借出去的錢收不回來，因此得想辦法多方查證降低風險。</p><p>以往銀行之間靠打電話互通有無，不僅不適合多方的複雜協作，過程也相當耗時費力。現在應用區塊鏈等於是將原本靠經驗的查證工作，變成結構性的數位資料、靠數據說話。比人工打電話進步得多。</p><iframe src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fembed-podcast%2Fepisode%2F6TR4Z1R6YgsgQdIb0uR4p4&amp;display_name=Spotify&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fepisode%2F6TR4Z1R6YgsgQdIb0uR4p4&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.scdn.co%2Fimage%2F84817ca6c3b842ef4c27660dfd8ca6afba10fbb9&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=spotify" width="600" height="232" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"><a href="https://medium.com/media/dfabb1e81cf24ecc36a8ab29331bb794/href">https://medium.com/media/dfabb1e81cf24ecc36a8ab29331bb794/href</a></iframe><p>內容包含：</p><ul><li>國際貿易在做什麼？什麼是貿易融資？</li><li>環球貿易共享區塊鏈如何使用？對銀行有什麼好處？</li><li>關務署也在做區塊鏈，銀行和政府如何合作？</li><li>銀行用區塊鏈之後，對企業融資有什麼好處？</li><li>為什麼國泰金控要替大家建立區塊鏈？有什麼好處嗎？</li><li>區塊鏈未必適合每家銀行，哪些銀行最適合加入？</li></ul><p>延伸閱讀：</p><ul><li>Zespri 奇異果 5 分鐘通關！關務署如何以區塊鏈加速商品進口？（<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/zespri-5-">公開</a>）</li><li>電動車資料上鏈：國泰金控如何運用鏈上數據提供金融服務？（<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/6e3">會員</a>）</li><li>IBM 的區塊鏈應用：食安履歷 Food Trust 、航運貿易 TradeLens、跨境匯款 World Wire（<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/ibm-101-">會員</a>）</li></ul><p>麻煩大家在 iTunes 替區塊勢節目評分，這有助於將節目推薦給更多人。此外，這是區塊勢的<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">文章列表</a>，方便你隨時查閱最新、過往內容。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*KPQSPe-FSTgrOsiM.png" /></figure><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=ceae6361858b" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[數位收藏品（NFT）的蠻荒時代]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E6%94%B6%E8%97%8F%E5%93%81-nft-%E7%9A%84%E8%A0%BB%E8%8D%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3-d5d087bce0ec?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/d5d087bce0ec</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[收藏品]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[flow]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[nft]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[dapper-labs]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2020 06:12:54 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-09-26T06:13:24.349Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>上週有幸受邀參加由 Flow 區塊鏈的線下見面會。疫情以來，很久沒看過這麼多人參加實體聚會了。身為領到出席費的主持人，必須寫個心得記錄一下。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*QvoOf07PJI1Z0Yd0.jpeg" /></figure><p>最近幣圈媒體在炒作數位收藏品（NFT），我自己是覺得風氣頗歪，話題也只會是曇花一現。主因有兩個：</p><ol><li>目前基礎建設還沒成熟</li><li>缺乏「有用」的應用場景</li></ol><p>拿去中心化金融（DeFi）來拆解。</p><p>DeFi 的基礎建設是以太坊（Ethereum），而應用場景是以錢滾錢。人們參與 DeFi 可以從中獲得儲蓄利息或是挖礦收入。簡單來說，DeFi 是可以賺錢的，手續費高一點還能咬著牙噴出去。</p><p>但數位收藏品的主要用途不是賺錢（如果是的話更奇怪），而是因人而異的尊爵不凡感。為了參與 DeFi 而花出去的手續費可以當成投資，例如領 UNI 幣得支付數百元的手續費，但花在數位收藏品的手續費則是成本。</p><p>也就是說，DeFi 這種金融應用可以建立在以太坊上，不代表數位收藏品在以太坊上也玩得起來。當天 Blocto 的李玄歸納得很好，區塊鏈上的娛樂應用得克服兩大障礙：</p><ol><li>進入門檻要夠低</li><li>娛樂本身要好玩</li></ol><p>進入門檻是技術問題，通常會先被解決。但遊戲好玩是商業問題，得靠許多人來試錯。</p><p>目前技術問題可能已經有解。Flow 區塊鏈是專為鏈上娛樂應用打造的區塊鏈，解決手續費以及帳號（資產）散落各地的問題。</p><p>雖然活動當天有很多技術介紹，但我只記得從使用者角度來說，最終人們不會感受到遊戲有沒有上鏈的區別，而只是覺得遊戲內可以做的事情變多了。</p><p>操作上的「不知不覺」，才會是區塊鏈應用的完全體。就像是 DeFi 應用的體驗，也是朝著人們熟悉的方向走。畢竟學習門檻太高的結果，最終就是沒人用。</p><p>相對於鏈上金融 ＝ DeFi＋以太坊，或者 DeFi ＋ Cosmos</p><p>目前的鏈上娛樂 ＝？？？＋以太坊，或者？？？＋Flow</p><p>就像是以太坊 2015 年上線之後，人們還得花 3 年時間，才能找到 DeFi 這類應用一樣。現在我所知道的數位收藏品應用，多數仍是強調這個資產是真實歸你所有，而不是歸遊戲開發商所有。</p><p>這是說服力很弱的說法。畢竟人們要強烈感受出差異，得靠遊戲開發商做得讓人足夠不滿意才行。但哪個遊戲開發商會先天自爆？</p><p>花時間強調 NFT 不只是截圖注定事倍功半。就像是花時間說服爸媽 BTC 不是在錢包開發商手上，而是在自己手上一樣累。現在越來越多人知道，只要丟個 DeFi 應用（yEarn 或 PoolTogether），人們就知道兩者差異甚遠了。</p><p>套用到 NFT 上，事半功倍的做法是找出 NFT 有哪些截圖做不到的真實應用場景，例如可以讓籃球手遊內的球員做出特殊動作？</p><p>附上幾個延伸連結：</p><ol><li>【遊戲】NBA Top Shot（有鎖地區）：https://www.nbatopshot.com</li><li>【簡介】Flow 區塊鏈與募資計畫：https://coinlist.co/flow</li><li>【Podcast】給我遊戲，別跟我講區塊鏈 ft. Blocto 錢包創辦人李玄：https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/-ft-blocto-</li></ol><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=d5d087bce0ec" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[EP.80 給我遊戲，別跟我講區塊鏈 ft. Blocto 錢包創辦人李玄]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/ep-80-%E7%B5%A6%E6%88%91%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2-%E5%88%A5%E8%B7%9F%E6%88%91%E8%AC%9B%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E9%8F%88-ft-blocto-%E9%8C%A2%E5%8C%85%E5%89%B5%E8%BE%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%8E%E7%8E%84-d1bbd4a1453c?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/d1bbd4a1453c</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[cryptocurrency]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[錢包]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[blockchain]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[dapper-labs]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2020 02:57:12 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-09-11T02:57:12.779Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>嗨，我是《<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/">區塊勢</a>》的作者許明恩。</p><p>這是本週最新一集的 podcast 專訪。我邀請 <a href="https://blocto.portto.io/zh/">Blocto 錢包</a>的創辦人李玄，討論遊戲上鏈以及加密貨幣如何挑戰 App Store 和 Google Play 的金流系統。</p><iframe src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fembed-podcast%2Fepisode%2F2xeo3v45co6zJUvNoIpKwL&amp;display_name=Spotify&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fepisode%2F2xeo3v45co6zJUvNoIpKwL&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.scdn.co%2Fimage%2F84817ca6c3b842ef4c27660dfd8ca6afba10fbb9&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=spotify" width="600" height="232" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"><a href="https://medium.com/media/eb9daf4239e28d1a546190bca5af98e0/href">https://medium.com/media/eb9daf4239e28d1a546190bca5af98e0/href</a></iframe><p>在錄這集之前，我對區塊鏈遊戲不太感興趣。畢竟多數區塊鏈遊戲感覺都放錯重點，強調玩遊戲可以賺錢（或花錢），但遊戲本身卻不怎麼有趣。到底有幾個人玩遊戲是為了要賺錢？</p><p>不過，最近有一款由 NBA 官方授權的手遊《<a href="https://www.nbatopshot.com/">NBA Top Shot</a>》即將推出。自己身為《灌籃高手》的忠實玩家，當然相當期待。這款遊戲不僅是由知名團隊打造，也強調不會讓人們感受到區塊鏈的存在，更不必付高額的交易手續費。</p><p>其中，最關鍵的帳號（錢包）系統就是由台灣的新創團隊 Portto 一手包辦。這集我再次邀請 Portto 的創辦人李玄，從最古早味的《謎戀貓》遊戲聊到即將上線的《NBA Top Shot》。</p><p>最後，李玄和我都認為以區塊鏈創造的去中心化金流，終究會與 App Store 和 Google Play 的金流系統正面衝突。而同樣的火花不只會發生在遊戲，也會發生在影音串流或其他需要 app 內交易的應用。</p><p>這集主題包含：</p><ol><li>為什麼別在以太坊上玩遊戲？</li><li>以太坊的招牌遊戲為何叛逃其他區塊鏈？</li><li>《NBA Top Shot》如何吸引真正的玩家？</li><li>加密貨幣如何挑戰應用商店的金流系統？</li></ol><p>延伸閱讀：</p><ol><li>蘋果、Google 封殺錢包：密碼貨幣的隱形紅線（<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/-google-metamask-coinbase-">會員</a>）</li><li>遊戲橘子（Gamania）用區塊鏈賣虛擬寶物（<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/1bf">公開</a>）</li><li>Flow 區塊鏈實體見面會（<a href="https://www.accupass.com/go/flowmeetup">免費報名</a>）</li></ol><p>請在收聽的 app 幫區塊勢評分，這有助於將節目推薦給更多人。最近我整理了區塊勢的<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">文章列表</a>，方便你隨時查閱最新公開內容。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*8njg1_Bi2SKM3qW9vkL2IA.png" /></figure><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=d1bbd4a1453c" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[#decentralizehk：五分鐘開設境外帳戶，用貨幣對體制投票]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/decentralizehk-515a8c72ae8f?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/515a8c72ae8f</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[香港]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[以太坊]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[decentralizehk]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[國安法]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2020 03:54:40 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-07-10T03:54:40.333Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>區塊勢是訂閱制媒體，每週寄 3 封原創內容給付費會員（<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">文章列表</a>），包含 2 篇文章和 1 集 podcast 節目（<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/podcast-list">podcast 列表</a>）。在網站<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/">留下 email</a> 地址，就不會錯過最新的公開內容通知。</p><p>香港《國安法》自 6 月 30 日深夜 11 點起實施，幾乎所有的反送中示威手段都成了違法的<a href="https://www.twreporter.org/a/hong-kong-national-security-law-goes-into-effect">罪狀</a>。有人選擇遠走他鄉，但多數人選擇留在香港。這篇文章是為了後者而寫。雖說是寫給港人，但難保哪天不會在台灣派上用場。</p><p>以前我常以委內瑞拉舉例政府濫權。沒想到不過數月時間，近在咫尺的港人也別無選擇。港府利用中心化的體制打壓異己，人民的財產是其中一個明顯標的。這時，去中心化的科技便成了平民百姓抗爭自保的工具。</p><h3>凍結資產</h3><p>人們多數的資產都在銀行，而銀行又歸政府管理。政府要凍結公民資產，比讓警察上街抓人還容易。街上的警民衝突或許只是冰山一角，因為在鏡頭拍不到的無聲戰場中，人民更是毫無反擊能力。</p><p>最有代表性的事件就屬發生在 2019 年 11 月，匯豐銀行無預警地<a href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-50865307">關閉</a>民間組織「星火同盟」的銀行帳戶：</p><blockquote><em>星火同盟在 2016 年成立，當時主要是協助 2016 年旺角警民衝突後被捕的示威者，向他們提供被捕保釋、法律諮詢等協助。後來轉而向因為《逃犯條例》示威浪潮中被捕人士提供支援。… 香港警方宣佈以「洗黑錢」之名，拘捕眾籌平台「星火同盟」的成員，包括這個組織旗下一個銀行戶口的負責人，指出近半月發現它有大量現金交易，戶口的現金流模式與洗黑錢的模式相似。… 並向法庭申請凍結戶口內約 7,000 萬港元的資金（約 2.7 億台幣）。</em></blockquote><p>外界普遍認為，星火同盟是因政治立場與港府相左，因此才受到打壓。這起事件之後，星火同盟的資金改以<a href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/3026930">現金</a>流通。但這等同切斷了他們大部分的金援。星火既不方便公然在街上募款，更少了海外資金協助。港府則是以此殺雞儆猴。</p><p>凍結資產成為政府打壓異己的首選。當前的金融服務都掌握在政府手中，誰要是唱反調，就無法享受數位的便利。過去我曾引述聯合國報告<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/b82">指出</a>：「缺乏金融基礎建設的國家，最先享受區塊鏈的便利」。僅管香港擁有完善的金融基礎建設，但在港府的進逼下，部分港人或組織卻被迫回到沒有銀行帳戶的原始生活。</p><p>但好消息是，沒有銀行帳戶不代表無法使用金融服務（例如存款、轉帳）。近年金融業吹起一股「<a href="https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010802791">金融常在，銀行不再</a>」的風潮。也就是說，金融服務不必非得和銀行綁在一起，越來越多新科技都能提供與銀行相似的金融服務。近期蓬勃發展的去中心化金融（DeFi），就是最有代表性的例子。它不僅讓人們能輕易地開設境外帳戶、賺得儲蓄利息，若再搭配簽帳卡消費就能完全脫離政府掌控的金融體系。</p><h3>五分鐘開設境外帳戶</h3><p>港人不僅擔心自己被政府制裁，也擔心美國藉港幣制裁港府，影響個人資產。因此紛紛以開設境外帳戶、兌換外幣，作為<a href="https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4621664">避險手段</a>：</p><blockquote><em>中國強推「港版國安法」，美國揚言將採取制裁行動，儘管港府官員不斷喊話安撫人心，但據傳現在香港民眾向外籍銀行業者詢問開設海外帳戶的熱度大增 … 39 歲的陳梅最近向匯豐詢問開設海外帳戶，她說：「我最擔心的是，如果美國決定制裁香港，取消香港的特殊待遇，我就不能隨意把港幣換成外幣。」陳梅已把七成存款換成外幣，包括美元和英鎊。她說：「萬一發生最壞情況，我的錢恐怕匯不出去，所以現在就要分散風險。」</em></blockquote><p>兌換外幣大家都不陌生。但開設境外帳戶至少要花一個月，還得準備各式文件佐證。相較之下，在去中心化金融領域的開戶就簡單許多 — — 開錢包。瑞士銀行帳戶是好萊塢電影裡資產大戶避險的首選，而加密貨幣錢包就像是「<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/-225-htc-">口袋裡的瑞士銀行</a>」。不僅開戶時不必繳交任何文件，而且整個流程不到 5 分鐘就能完成：</p><blockquote><em>瑞士銀行具備兩大特色：安全、隱私。安全來自於政治因素。瑞士是永久中立國，發生世界大戰時，瑞士就是最安全的財產存放地。隱私則來自於法律保障。85 年前，瑞士政府制定《銀行保密法》明令銀行職員即便離職或退休，也得嚴格遵守保密原則，違反者恐面臨最重五年的牢獄之災。</em></blockquote><blockquote><em>但只有高資產族群才能成為瑞士銀行的客戶，相對之下，去中心化金融則是連沒有收入的大學生都能參與。有別於瑞士以永久中立國自居，藉此確保客戶資產的安全性。加密貨幣錢包的安全性則來自於數學（或密碼學）的運算，只要數學方程式沒有被更新的技術（例如量子電腦）破解，就能確保用戶的資產安全。前者取決於政治，後者取決於科學。</em></blockquote><p>區塊勢曾介紹過「<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/-argent-">超好用的 Argent 錢包</a>」，就是其中一家「口袋裡的瑞士銀行」。它有以下三大特色：</p><ol><li>不用再為私鑰煩惱，記得個人 email 即可</li><li>收款地址比電話號碼更好記，可以設定個人帳號</li><li>不用再為轉帳手續費（ETH）煩惱，轉帳一律免費</li></ol><p>開設境外帳戶（錢包）之後，還得想辦法將資產轉移過去。只要透過線上交易所購買 USDC（最可靠）、DAI 或 USDT 價格穩定幣，再將幣轉入個人收款地址即可。進階的使用者或許還會透過 Argent 錢包內建的<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/compound-comp-">儲蓄功能</a>，讓這些錢像是存在銀行一樣，每年獲得 1.x％ 的利息。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*YRot9mS-PCtwZ_yJ.png" /></figure><p>完成開戶、儲蓄之後，消費才是當前去中心化金融的最大瓶頸。絕大多數店家都不提供人們以加密貨幣（即便是價格穩定幣）付帳。除非店家渾然不知。之前我曾介紹過由 <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/-5-mco-visa-card-">Crypto.com</a> 公司推出的 MCO Visa 簽帳卡（debit card），就是由 Visa 替買賣雙方簡化交易流程。讓消費者以加密貨幣付帳，但店家卻能收到港幣。這和在日本星巴克刷卡，人們付的是新台幣，店家收到的卻是日幣相同道理。有了簽帳卡，就等同是讓加密貨幣支付<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/coinbase-visa-">隱形化</a>。</p><p>但瓶頸也出在這。人們的資產是存放在 Argent 錢包內，但消費卻得用 MCO Visa 簽帳卡才行。這就像是人們都把錢存在花旗銀行帳戶，卻想用渣打銀行的卡消費一樣。使用者還得要多做一步，先從 Argent 錢包將一些錢轉帳到 MCO Visa 簽帳卡的帳戶內，才方便隨時扣款。MCO Visa 簽帳卡無法直接從 Argent 錢包餘額扣款。</p><p>看似有點麻煩，但這是人們早就熟悉的流程，操作起來也相當單純。只要將 Argent 錢包當成原有的銀行帳戶（類似金庫），而將 MCO Visa 簽帳卡的帳戶當成原有的隨身錢包。隨身錢包（MCO Visa 卡）沒錢的時候，就得從銀行帳戶（Argent）領錢補充。未來人們只要以 MCO Visa 卡搭配少量現金，就能應付日常消費，且擺脫了由港府掌控的金融體系（避險）。</p><p>其實，上述這個流程還能再進一步簡化。科技新創 <a href="https://monolith.xyz/">Monolith</a> （暫時僅供歐盟用戶使用）近期也發行了自己的 Visa 簽帳卡，直接將開戶、儲蓄和消費無縫地串接起來，提供一站式服務。用戶透過 Monolith 開錢包（境外帳戶）之後，就可以透過它們的 app 儲蓄賺利息，也能直接用它們發的 Visa 卡消費，省下原本要手動搬錢的步驟。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*qI7gwzH4ShRwY9vI.png" /></figure><p>由於 Monolith 的錢包由自己管理，持有 Monolith Visa 卡，等同於完成開設境外帳戶並獲得該帳戶的簽帳卡。只不過，這個境外帳戶不僅是離開了特定國家，而是脫離了所有國家的掌控 — — 自己成為自己的銀行 — — 並由 Visa 替你處理交易。</p><p>這是前所未見的金融創新。只不過 Monolith app 的使用體驗還不像 Argent 錢包這麼好。不僅用戶仍要自己備份私鑰、負擔交易手續費，亞洲用戶也暫時無法申請。可見未來還有很大的進步空間。</p><h3>用貨幣投票</h3><p>短期來看，港人資產外移，甚至擁抱去中心化金融，可以達到自保的效果。長期來看，人民是在用貨幣投票。滴水穿石，有朝一日甚至能撼動港府。</p><p>近期剛出版的新書《<a href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fckxpress.com%2Fproduct%2Fthe-sociology-of-blockchain%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3Zd-Cjs2wqgaKnEONnrDODVmmjuH8-MsKpXg5URntVnwT_LsfDQiBnIXI&amp;h=AT2yoZ2FfBhgeATnDuowGzRW-uGPwRtOP6Fj9y0nZv06unWT_q2fqTfEc5Yh1tgNz2QUgRv6fXMxwozW7-z4-kYLLQu-SNjbU_TZPCNBzloWN7oVeUyWYzAs0whVBlPwyeUCYKvC1w&amp;__tn__=-UK*F&amp;c[0]=AT1ei9G1N0Ym3S69eqhAOVnbDu5JRAh8--vCzsMKRxYlWxIv-zs_A4jhBPYa7dcrxxqAoxGzUCuEvzWyp659haHfRNNPJ4Vwq5bhrFN-RNnSQ28-fCPekS9ukm17yzo4FBn7Xx0jKTgiRgkq9_bODw">區塊鏈社會學</a>》裡便指出，體制的根基是貨幣。抗爭者日常使用哪種貨幣，可以視為以行動支持哪個主權：</p><blockquote><em>一幣一世界，一份價值觀需要貨幣來承載，一套體制需要貨幣來運作，貨幣甚至比武力還要更根本，除非警隊和軍隊願意免費賣命。去年反逃犯修訂條例的抗爭生態讓我體會到，不單是體制極力維護貨幣系統，即使是每分每秒想要改變體制的抗爭者，都在無意識地維護它。 … 社會體制就像技術上的通訊協議，一層倚賴下一層，處於底層最難以被撼動的，是貨幣。我們自以為全面否定體制，事實上我們每天都在依賴體制最基礎的組成元素，甚至守護它。</em></blockquote><blockquote><em>亂世讀書，在抑壓的心情中讀到 </em><a href="https://stefaniamilan.net/about-me"><em>Stefania Milan</em></a><em> 的《</em><a href="https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780230309180"><em>Social Movements and Their Technologies: Wiring Social Change</em></a><em>》，就社會運動參與提出一個嶄新框架，讓我大受啟發。除了還堅信體制的局內人和全面抗爭的局外人，Milan 整理出的第三條路：拒絕跟體制互動的超越者。超越者不冒死抗爭，不費勁遊說，把精力用於建立新制度，讓時代改變或淘汰舊體制。</em></blockquote><p>去中心化金融就是建立在區塊鏈上的新制度。</p><p>網路帶來資訊的民主化，讓人人都可以成為媒體。區塊鏈則帶來資產的民主化，讓人人都可以成為銀行。就像現在無論你身處於哪個國家，都可以透過網路融入他國的文化當中。未來人們可望也不必再靠移民，才能融入他國的經濟當中。你選擇的資訊來源與資產類別，就已經決定了你是哪國人。</p><p>科技降低了移民的門檻，對港人來說，現在就是改變的時候。</p><p>👉 <a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">瀏覽更多區塊勢文章</a></p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*DJD_vGsNxMFad8sVXTUS5A.jpeg" /></figure><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=515a8c72ae8f" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[全通路 5% 回饋神卡：MCO Visa 卡的金融佈局及潛在風險]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E5%85%A8%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF-5-%E5%9B%9E%E9%A5%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%8D%A1-mco-visa-%E5%8D%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BD%88%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%8A%E6%BD%9B%E5%9C%A8%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA-20d71ed1d5e9?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/20d71ed1d5e9</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[com]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[加密貨幣]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[visa]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊勢]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Sat, 06 Jun 2020 06:55:14 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-06-06T06:55:14.184Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>多數媒體主要獲利來源是廣告，而相關廠商往往就是廣告主，這不利於媒體揭露真相。區塊勢採訂閱制，專心服務支持區塊勢的讀者。正是因為有你們的支持，我才能獨立作業。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/128/1*RZHIv36ntC3KHTaQoBs9MA.gif" /><figcaption><a href="http://blocktrend.substack.com/subscribe">查看訂閱方案</a></figcaption></figure><p>台灣人最愛的兩大金融行為：辦卡、買保險。</p><p>MCO Visa 金融卡在網路上小有名氣。多數文章著重介紹卡片消費回饋或是金屬質感，並附上推薦碼，讓雙方都能賺取等值 50 美金的 MCO 幣。</p><p>這篇並不是要推薦大家申辦（也就沒有在內文暗藏推薦碼），而是我認為 MCO Visa 大幅降低了人們接觸加密貨幣的門檻。MCO Visa 金融卡銜接了傳統金融與去中心化金融兩個世界，可以說同時結合了 <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/--4c6">Lolli</a> 的高消費回饋，以及 <a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/coinbase-visa-">Coinbase Visa 金融卡</a>的支付便利性。</p><p>正因為金融卡容易上手，拉近人們日常生活與加密貨幣與的距離。但也容易讓人一不小心就忽視了它的風險。</p><h3>兩個世界的橋樑</h3><p>網際網路是資訊（information）的網路，而區塊鏈是資產（asset）的網路，它讓轉帳像傳圖片一樣簡單。現在我們都很熟悉將資訊「上網」，未來還得學著將資產「上鏈」。換句話說，未來的數位資產可以分為上鏈、沒上鏈兩種，就好比現在的資訊已經分為上網、沒上網一樣。</p><p>在網際網路發展之初，光是美國國會圖書館的資訊量，可能就大於整個網路上的資訊量。直到 1994 年網景瀏覽器（Netscape）問世，才讓人們上網不再那麼困難。而 2007 年蘋果發表 iPhone 則帶起行動上網成長，讓上網更加普及。</p><p>區塊鏈的發展也在等著爆炸性成長的時刻。雖然中本聰在 2008 年就提出比特幣論文，但一直要到 2015 年以太坊區塊鏈（Ethereum）誕生，人們才逐漸將區塊鏈與比特幣系統分開看待。多數人都已經懂得上網，卻還沒試過「上鏈」。至今整個幣圈<a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/">資產總額</a>，還不到微軟市值的 1/3。</p><p>要讓人們熟悉「上鏈」，還有賴新創公司開發的好用工具。其中，Crypto.com 這家公司就選擇發行 MCO Visa 金融卡，讓加密貨幣以消費回饋的方式，悄悄地進入人們的日常生活當中，也連接了傳統金融和去中心化金融。</p><h3>MCO Visa 金融卡</h3><iframe src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FJMiP8JSrvTM%3Ffeature%3Doembed&amp;display_name=YouTube&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJMiP8JSrvTM&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FJMiP8JSrvTM%2Fhqdefault.jpg&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=youtube" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"><a href="https://medium.com/media/6e60d70df820ec11ed648d1ef0d04f3e/href">https://medium.com/media/6e60d70df820ec11ed648d1ef0d04f3e/href</a></iframe><h4>辦卡和回饋</h4><p>MCO Visa 金融卡是 <a href="http://crypto.com/">Crypto.com</a> 公司的旗艦產品。它和人們錢包內其它 Visa 卡的功能相同，持卡人到任何接受 Visa 卡的店家都能憑卡消費，也能到支援 Visa 卡提款的 ATM 領出現鈔。</p><p>最大的差異在於辦卡和回饋，都會與 Crypto.com 公司發行的 MCO 幣結合：</p><ul><li>辦卡：按申請者持有的 MCO 幣多寡決定卡種</li><li>回饋：以 MCO 幣作為消費回饋金</li></ul><p>MCO Visa 金融卡總共分為 5 種等級，消費回饋也各有不同。</p><p>下圖最左邊的黑卡消費回饋最高，不僅能享有全通路 5% 回饋，讓人最「有感」的是 Spotify 和 Netflix 訂閱費全免。但代價是得承諾「抵押」5 萬顆 MCO 幣半年，目前約為 750 萬台幣（嚇死人）。而最右邊的藍卡消費回饋最低，但好處是不用抵押任何加密貨幣即可申辦，可說是穩賺不賠的安全牌。</p><p>「押幣辦卡」就是 Crypto.com 公司的最大創新。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*RhW293s_BEsm3Lch.png" /></figure><p>但 MCO 幣並非價格穩定幣。在我寫文章的時候，一顆 MCO 幣<a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/crypto-com/">約為 150 元台幣</a>左右。換句話說，人們為了申辦金融卡而買的押金（MCO 幣）也會隨著幣價增值（或貶值）。</p><p>若你已經開始想要辦哪張卡最划算以及要多久才能「回本」，就已經慢慢走入 Crypto.com 公司設下的「圈套」。他們完全掌握人們辦卡的衝動，從辦卡、買幣到抵押，都可以在 app 裡面輕鬆完成。人們只要拿出信用卡「入金」即可。</p><p>這套機制會讓人們暫時「忘了」MCO 幣是自己不熟悉的加密貨幣，直接將它當成是一次性的「入會費」。但其實押金在半年後就「解凍」了，並非有去無回。且依照供需法則，<strong>理論上</strong>全球辦卡的人越多，在供給不變的情況下，MCO 幣的價格就會越高。進而讓押金增值。</p><p>只不過相較於辦卡嚐鮮的人，市場上有更多人是純粹將 MCO 幣當成投資商品買賣。因此實際上的幣價走勢，還是與整體市場的表現連動，而不會真的「只漲不跌」。</p><p>除了辦卡、回饋金都與 MCO 幣有關之外，若你不小心「手滑」辦了一張卡，還能馬上以加密貨幣購物。</p><h3>儲值與消費</h3><p>MCO Visa 卡是簽帳金融卡（debit card）。用戶得先在帳戶裡儲值，有多少才能花多少。只不過，若你本來就持有比特幣或以太幣，還可以選擇用加密貨幣儲值，消費時就等同於以加密貨幣付帳。只不過店家拿到的是現金，消費者花掉比特幣，皆大歡喜。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*UWxjYOTq_12XNgi5.jpeg" /></figure><p>此外，消費回饋的 MCO 幣除了可以用來儲值、刷卡消費，還可以將卡插入 Visa 提款機直接領出現金。精打細算的人肯定已經發現，最划算的做法之一是以信用卡替帳戶儲值（賺一次消費回饋），再以 MCO Visa 卡消費（賺兩次消費回饋）。兩張卡疊加的話，即便不是黑卡用戶，也有機會享有全通路 5% 的消費回饋且金額無上限。</p><p>到目前為止，Crypto.com 公司已經透過 Visa 卡和 app 兩項產品，悄悄地把加密貨幣塞進人們習以為常的支付情境。但支付還只是最基本的金融服務，錢滾錢才能發大財。</p><h3>中心化的金融服務</h3><p>Crypto.com 進一步基於加密貨幣，推出三種金融服務：</p><ol><li>活期存款（Crypto Earn）</li><li>量化交易（Crypto Invest）</li><li>抵押貸款（Crypto Credit）</li></ol><p>只要一張信用卡（入金）在手就可以闖蕩整個幣圈，Crypto.com 儼然是加密貨幣的「銀行」。</p><h4>活期存款（Crypto Earn）</h4><p>人們可以選擇將錢包內的加密貨幣，用來參與不同幣種的活期存款。以下方截圖為例，若抵押 500 顆 MCO 幣的話，比特幣、以太幣、Paxos 美金穩定幣活期存款的年利率就是 8%。若抵押 50 顆 MCO 幣的話，年利率會低一點，利息就會少一點。但還是比傳統銀行的 1% 高出許多。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/0*TsZAPgnh8j1121Ky.png" /></figure><h4>量化交易（Crypto Invest）</h4><p>活期存款選的是幣種，適合對特定加密貨幣「情有獨鍾」的投資者。量化交易選的是風險高低，適合「不挑幣種、賺錢就好」的投資者。app 內會提供多種交易策略，以及過去一段時間的<a href="https://crypto.com/cn/invest.html">策略表現</a>。</p><p>人們就能依據投資報酬率以及風險承受能力，挑選最適合自己的交易策略。選定之後，就等於是把幣交給機器人替你操盤。最終，Crypto.com 會從最終賺的總金額裡抽走 9% 當成管理費（相當於實賺 91%），若沒賺錢就免管理費。</p><p>看到這裡，有人可能已經開始想要投入一大筆錢賺「利息」。先別急，app 內的第三種金融服務 — — 抵押貸款 — — 能讓你以小博大。</p><h4>抵押貸款（Crypto Credit）</h4><p>看好比特幣即將漲價，一般人會拿更多的新台幣來買比特幣。但熟悉金融操作的人，會選擇將手上既有的比特幣拿去抵押。借出一筆錢之後，再用它來買更多的比特幣，這稱為槓桿交易。</p><p>而抵押貸款服務，就是讓人們可以在平台上進行槓桿交易的關鍵。由 Crypto.com 扮演「銀行」，讓人們可以抵押手上的比特幣並借出價格穩定幣，例如 USDT、USDC。目前平台上的抵押率為 200% 的「超額抵押」，也就是說得抵押等值於 100 美金的比特幣，才能借出等值於 50 美金的價格穩定幣，用它再多買 50 美金的比特幣。</p><p>只要比特幣未來如期上漲，投資者手上原本價值 100（抵押）＋50（借款）＝ 150 美金的比特幣也會隨之增值，這就是用 100 元做 150 元生意的「槓桿交易」。當然借錢要付利息（每年 8%）。</p><p>若你覺得以上三種金融服務都想試試看，Crypto.com 馬上會說：「抵押多一點 MCO 幣就能解鎖更多新服務，還能享受更高的利率及更低的手續費唷！」</p><p>這家公司提供的金融服務都是圍繞著 MCO 幣建立，但反過來說，這也是最大的風險來源。</p><h3>潛在風險</h3><p>使用 Crypto.com 服務目前有以下兩大風險：</p><ol><li>MCO 幣價格下跌</li><li>平台的中心化風險</li></ol><p>前者大家都很熟悉。誰也無法預測未來的幣價走勢。若 MCO 幣價在鎖倉的 6 個月期間下跌，你也只能眼睜睜的看著價值蒸發。</p><p>其次，目前 Crypto.com 提供的金融服務都是仰賴「中心化」平台處理。好處是人們可以享受便利的金融服務，但壞處是它會引來駭客覬覦。任何經手加密貨幣的公司只要被駭客入侵一次，都會元氣大傷，幣價更會像水庫洩洪一樣大跌。輕則投資虧損，重則血本無歸。</p><p>因此，Crypto.com 最近也開始佈局去中心化金融（DeFi）市場。除了推出<a href="https://crypto.com/cn/ncw/">加密貨幣錢包</a>（又來了）之外，未來也會讓人們更簡單地上手去中心化金融服務，藉此降低中心化風險。</p><p>總體來說，我認為 Crypto.com 的產品可說是一般人參與加密貨幣市場的首選。它雖然犧牲了「去中心化」，但也讓人們換到了便利性。人們不再需要「跋山涉水」才能接觸加密貨幣，而是拿出信用卡、下載 app 即可輕鬆完成。即便完全不想使用這些「進階」的金融服務，肯定也有人會衝著 MCO Visa 卡的 5% 回饋而購買人生第一筆加密貨幣。</p><p>加密貨幣與金融卡整合，可說是當前的產業趨勢。要讓全球數十億人都懂得區塊鏈不容易，與其花時間說服店家願意收比特幣，不如直接與金融卡整合，讓加密貨幣悄悄地進入人們的日常生活。而這些公司就像是串接兩個世界的橋樑，幫助人們逐步將資產「上鏈」。</p><p>若有任何疑問可以直接回這封信，就會到我個人信箱。此外，上週我也以 Notion 整理出區塊勢的所有文章列表，方便大家隨時查詢。</p><p><a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">瀏覽更多區塊勢文章</a></p><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=20d71ed1d5e9" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[我們需要台灣鏈嗎？－專訪 AMIS 首席科學家、政大助理教授陳昶吾]]></title>
            <link>https://medium.com/@astromnhsu/%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%8F%88%E5%97%8E-%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA-amis-%E9%A6%96%E5%B8%AD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6-%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%8A%A9%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E9%99%B3%E6%98%B6%E5%90%BE-af02b1173d45?source=rss-ab44de911a6d------2</link>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">https://medium.com/p/af02b1173d45</guid>
            <category><![CDATA[podcast]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊鏈]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[台灣]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[加密貨幣]]></category>
            <category><![CDATA[區塊勢]]></category>
            <dc:creator><![CDATA[許明恩 Astro Hsu]]></dc:creator>
            <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2020 01:42:58 GMT</pubDate>
            <atom:updated>2020-06-04T01:42:58.576Z</atom:updated>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>這是本週最新上線的 podcast 節目。此外，最近我也以 Notion 整理了區塊勢的<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/archive">文章列表</a>、<a href="https://blocktrend.pse.is/podcast-list">podcast 列表</a>，方便你隨時查閱最新公開內容。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*dkSo-6xbjQuw2XWe6ZeR9w.png" /><figcaption>區塊勢採訂閱制，專心服務支持區塊勢的讀者。正是因為有你們的支持，我才能獨立作業。<a href="http://blocktrend.substack.com/subscribe">查看訂閱方案</a></figcaption></figure><p>德國、澳洲、印度和新加坡政府在近幾個月，紛紛提出「國家級的區塊鏈戰略」。就我所知，台灣政府內部也正在積極討論是否該打造國家級的區塊鏈 —— 台灣鏈 —— 但暫時還沒定論。</p><p>我曾在<a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/685">〈台灣鏈：政府該發展國家級的區塊鏈嗎？〉</a>這篇文章提出我的看法：</p><ol><li>區塊鏈就像網際網路一樣，最終應該是全球採用同一套（或彼此能互通）區塊鏈的效益最大。</li><li>各國政府之所以提出「國家級區塊鏈」的想法，是藉此暫時性地把資產流通限縮在國內，多爭取一點時間思考如何因應。</li></ol><p>這集我邀請目前在 AMIS 擔任首席科學家，同時也在政大開區塊鏈課程的陳昶吾博士，來一起聊聊台灣是否該打造屬於自己的台灣鏈？如果要的話，又該從哪邊開始。</p><p>他支持可以有台灣鏈，但認為應該要分階段進行。先著重於教育及應用情境的探索，經過幾年成熟之後再逐步開放給一般民眾使用。此外，他也很看好跨鏈技術的未來發展，或許台灣鏈未來可以跟日本鏈、新加坡鏈互通。</p><p>昶吾是同時懂應用情境及底層技術的區塊鏈專家，找他來討論這個主題再適合不過。只不過他在錄音的時候說，之前找他是講很輕鬆的出國參會（旅遊）主題，這次題目怎麼忽然變得這麼認真 😂</p><iframe src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fembed-podcast%2Fepisode%2F7DBhHnaxBhXMQSJH7mmWRw&amp;display_name=Spotify&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.spotify.com%2Fepisode%2F7DBhHnaxBhXMQSJH7mmWRw&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.scdn.co%2Fimage%2F0c639c916356d89afd845aaf7db483aa9939239b&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=spotify" width="600" height="232" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"><a href="https://medium.com/media/23cf3d789bce5e706f47e6e7615fe8a9/href">https://medium.com/media/23cf3d789bce5e706f47e6e7615fe8a9/href</a></iframe><p>這集內容包含：</p><ol><li>為什麼各國都在打造國家級區塊鏈？</li><li>台灣鏈對誰有好處？用在哪裡？</li><li>各國該如何透過區塊鏈跨國協作？</li></ol><p>延伸閱讀：</p><ol><li><a href="https://blocktrend.substack.com/p/685">台灣鏈：政府該發展國家級的區塊鏈嗎？</a>（公開）</li></ol><p>喜歡語音節目的朋友，可以到 <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E5%8B%A2/id1441274280">Apple Podcast</a> 或<a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/76SfOPXWxSl5eRTs1saDUL"> Spotify </a>訂閱節目就不會錯過最新內容。也請大家幫節目<a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E5%8D%80%E5%A1%8A%E5%8B%A2/id1441274280">評分</a>，將區塊勢推薦給更多人。</p><figure><img alt="" src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1024/1*h71leoTyku9S9xYSUru4Tg.png" /></figure><img src="https://medium.com/_/stat?event=post.clientViewed&referrerSource=full_rss&postId=af02b1173d45" width="1" height="1" alt="">]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
    </channel>
</rss>