Inheritance is a mechanism of acquiring the features and behaviors of a class by another class. The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class. Inheritance implements the IS-A relationship.

For example, mammal IS-A animal, dog IS-A mammal; Hence dog IS-A animal as well.

Inheritance is one of the core aspects of the fundamental called Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) and if we need to describe then inheritance is that it provides the way of achieving code re-usability were writing the same code the multiple times, again and again, rather we can use inherit a version of the given properties of one class into the other by extending it. We will learn each type of inheritance in this article

Different Types of Inheritance

OOPs support the six different types of inheritance as given below :

• Multiple inheritance

1. In this inheritance, a derived class is created from more than one base class. This inheritance is not supported by .NET Languages like C#, F#, etc., and Java Language.
2. In the given example, class c inherits the properties and behavior of class B and class A at the same level. So, here A and Class B both are the parent classes for Class C.

• The syntax for Multiple Inheritance
• //Base Class class A { public void fooA() { //TO DO: } } //Base Class class B { public void fooB() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class C : A, B { public void fooC() { //TO DO: } }
• Hybrid inheritance

1. This is a combination of more than one inheritance. Hence, it may be a combination of Multilevel and Multiple inheritance or Hierarchical and Multilevel inheritance Hierarchical and Multipath inheritance, or Hierarchical, Multilevel and Multiple inheritances.
2. Since .NET Languages like C#, F#, etc. do not support multiple and multipath inheritance. Hence hybrid inheritance with a combination of multiple or multipath inheritances is not supported by .NET Languages.

• The syntax for Hybrid Inheritance
• //Base Class class A { public void fooA() { //TO DO: } } //Base Class class F { public void fooF() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class B : A, F { public void fooB() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class C : A { public void fooC() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class D : C { public void fooD() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class E : C { public void fooE() { //TO DO: } }

Advantages of Inheritance

1. Reduce code redundancy.
2. Provides better code reusabilities.
3. Reduces source code size and improves code readability.
4. The code is easy to manage and divided into parent and child classes.
5. Supports code extensibility by overriding the base class functionality within child classes.
6. Code usability will enhance the reliability eventually where the base class code will always be tested and debugged against the issues.

Disadvantages of Inheritance

1. In Inheritance base class and child class, both are tightly coupled. Hence If you change the code of the parent class, it will affect all the child classes.
2. In a class hierarchy, many data members remain unused and the memory allocated to them is not utilized. Hence it affects the performance of your program if you have not implemented inheritance correctly.
3. Inheritance increases the coupling between the base class and the derived class. any small change in the base class will directly affect all the child classes which are extended to the parent class.

Read More Articles Related to Object-oriented Programming Language What do you think?

In this article, you learned about the different types of inheritance including advantages and disadvantages. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

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Originally published at https://www.dotnettricks.com.

An abstract class is a special type of class that cannot be instantiated and acts as a base class for other classes. Abstract class members marked as abstract must be implemented by derived classes.

An abstract class can be used as a base class and all other derived classes should be implemented the abstract class definitions. All the abstract methods should be implemented in all non-abstract classes using the keyword called an override. and after overriding, the abstract method is in the non-abstract class. we can derive this class in another class and again we can override the same abstract method with it ultimately.

The purpose of an abstract class is to provide basic or default functionality as well as common functionality that multiple derived classes can share and override.

For example, a class library may define an abstract class that is used as a parameter to many of its functions and require programmers to use that library to provide their own implementation of the class by creating a derived class. In C#, System.IO.FileStream is an implementation of the System.IO.Stream abstract class.

abstract class ShapesClass { abstract public int Area(); } class Square : ShapesClass { int side = 0; public Square(int n) { side = n; } // Override Area method public override int Area() { return side * side; } } class Rectangle : ShapesClass { int length = 0, width=0; public Rectangle (int length, int width) { this.length = length; this.width = width; } // Override Area method public override int Area() { return length * width; } }

Abstract methods

A method that is declared as an abstract method, has no “body” and it can be declared inside the abstract class only which is the thumb rule.

An abstract method should be implemented in all non-abstract classes using the keyword called “override”. And after overriding the methods, the abstract method is in the non-abstract class context. Below is a simple example to create the abstract method.

public abstract void getData(); // where the method called 'getData()' is a abstract method

Abstract Class

In C#, an abstract class is a class that is declared using the keyword “abstract”. An abstract class can have a set of abstract and non-abstract methods. We should remember that the abstract class cannot be instantiated. Abstract class implementation must be provided by derived classes. To work with the abstract classes, the respective derived class is forced to provide the implementation of all the abstract methods created within the abstract class.

Let’s see a simple example of an abstract class in C# that has one abstract method declared which is “drive()”. And its implementation can be provided by derived classes as required.

using System; public abstract class Car { public abstract void drive(); }

Features of Abstract Class

1. An abstract class cannot be instantiated.
2. An abstract class contains abstract members as well as non-abstract members.
3. An abstract class cannot be a sealed class because the sealed modifier prevents a class from being inherited and the abstract modifier requires a class to be inherited.
4. A non-abstract class that is derived from an abstract class must include actual implementations of all the abstract members of the parent abstract class.
5. An abstract class can be inherited from a class and one or more interfaces.
6. An Abstract class can have access modifiers like private, protected, and internal with class members. But abstract members cannot have a private access modifier.
7. An Abstract class can have instance variables (like constants and fields).
8. An abstract class can have constructors and destructors.
9. An abstract method is implicitly a virtual method.
10. Abstract properties behave like abstract methods.
11. An abstract class cannot be inherited by structures.
12. An abstract class cannot support multiple inheritances.

Common design guidelines for Abstract Class

1. Don’t define public constructors within an abstract class. Since an abstract class cannot be instantiated and constructors with public access modifiers provide visibility to the classes which can be instantiated.
2. Define a protected or an internal constructor within an abstract class. Since a protected constructor allows the base class to do its own initialization when sub-classes are created and an internal constructor can be used to limit concrete implementations of the abstract class to the assembly which contains that class.

When to use

1. Need to create multiple versions of your component since versioning is not a problem with abstract classes. You can add properties or methods to an abstract class without breaking the code and all inheriting classes are automatically updated with the change.
2. Need to provide default behaviors as well as common behaviors that multiple derived classes can share and override.

What do you think?

The concepts of abstraction with the methods and classes are an extension to the inheritance were the inheritance we have been discussing that with the help of a parent class we can provide property to the child class that can be consumed by the child classes which gives us the code re-usability while sticking to the security accessibility.

I hope, now you have got everything about the abstract class. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

Share Article

Originally published at https://www.dotnettricks.com.

Microsoft released .NET Core, a modular and smaller implementation of .NET which is a cross-platform and open source. The .NET Core learning path will help you to understand and use .NET Core 2.x by following the track of beginner, intermediate and advanced articles.

We use cookies to make interactions with our websites and services easy and meaningful. Please read our Privacy Policy for more details.

Originally published at https://www.dotnettricks.com.

The Node.js Development course is primarily designed for UI Developer(s)/Web Developer(s) who want to learn how to develop high performance, event-driven, real-time and scalable networking and web applications. In this course, you will learn the Node.js, MongoDB, Node ORM — Sequelize, Mongoose, Express and JavaScript Task runner (Gulp) fundamental like database, express routes, bootstrap process, directives, statements, routes, pipes, services, HTTP web server, view engines — pug/handlebars, handle requests & responses, event-driven communications, handling databases and much more.

Course objectives

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Understand Node.js basic and advanced in-depth concepts.
2. Creating REST Service using Node and consuming it using Angular.
3. Create HTTP web server and handling requests & responses.
4. Handle Sessions, Cookies, and Session Stores.
5. Design database using MongoDB.
6. Use Node.js ORM Sequelize.
7. Use Node.js ODM Mongoose.
8. Install and Publish Node’s Package Manager — NPM.
9. Create views using Pug and Handlebars
10. Create Unit tests using frameworks — mocha, chai, karma and jasmine.
11. Use JS Task runner like Gulp.
12. Publish their MEAN App on cloud server Heroku.

Who can do this course?

All professionals who are keen to develop high performance, event-driven, real-time and scalable networking and web applications should go for this course.

Pre-requisites

Anyone who wants to learn Node.js with Angular4 development should have a basic knowledge of programming.

Tools/IDE

Visual Studio Code, MongoDB GUI

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

In this ReactJS Certification Training course, you will learn each and every topic with the help of hands-on labs. This program includes a hands-on live project with the implementation of recommended design patterns and practices.

ReactsJS Certification Course objectives

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Describe JavaScript and ES6 concepts like objects, classes, arrow function
2. Explore React basic and advanced in-depth concepts
3. Create components, routing and forms validations etc.
4. Explore Redux basic and advanced in-depth concepts
5. Create REST Services using Web API
6. Consume REST API using Axios
7. Implement Authentication and Authorization for users
8. Building Responsive UI using Bootstrap
9. Implement token based security
10. Publish their App on cloud server

Who can do this course?

All professionals who are keen to develop high performance web applications should go for this course

Pre-requisites

Anyone who wants to learn React Js should have a basic knowledge of programming.

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

The ASP.NET Core Certification training is primarily designed for .NET Beginner(s)/Professional(s) who want to learn how to develop modern cloud-based app using ASP.NET Core . In this course, you will learn about .NET Core, middleware, MVC pattern, html helpers, tag helpers, custom helpers, validation and custom validation, querying database using Entity Framework Core.

ASP.NET Training Objective

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Understand .NET Core architecture and Advantages
2. Build and run cross-platform ASP.NET apps on Windows, Mac and Linux
3. Understand ASP.NET Core middleware
4. Configure ASP.NET Core MVC
5. Use Dependency Injection in ASP.NET Core
6. Work with Entity Framework Core
7. Handle Errors in ASP.NET Core
8. Create REST Service using Web API
9. Understand and Implement Repository, Unit of Work and Dependency Injection Design Pattern
10. Publish theirs Apps on IIS

Who can do this course?

All .NET Beginner(s)/Professional(s) who are keen to develop modern, light weight and cloud based web applications should go for this course.

Pre-requisites

Anyone who wants to learn ASP.NET Core course should have a basic knowledge of C# and HTML.

Tools/SDK/IDE

Visual Studio 2022 or higher, SQL Server 2019 or higher

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

The Mastering Docker and Kubernetes course is primarily designed for .NET professionals who want to learn how to develop modern web applications using Docker and Kubernetes. In this course, you will learn about Containers Eco System, orchestration, Docker, Kubernetes and Azure Kubernetes Cluster (AKS) along with CI/CD pipeline.

Learn to build modern infrastructure using docker and Kubernetes containers. Develop and deploy your ASP.NET Core application using Docker. Leverage to learn container technology to build your ASP.NET Core application.

Course Objective

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Understand container technology
2. Containers Eco System
3. Docker Fundamentals
4. Docker Advanced Concepts like Swarm and Volumes
5. Kubernetes Architecture
6. YAML Fundamentals
7. Kubernetes Pods, Deployments, Service and Networking
8. Using Kubernetes with Docker
9. Develop ASP.NET Core applications using Docker
10. Container Scaling and Management using Docker Swarm
11. Container Scaling and Management using Kubernetes
12. Configure Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)
13. Deploy Your Application to AKS
14. Designing CI/CD for Docker and Kubernetes

Who can do this course?

All .NET Beginner(s)/Professional(s) who are keen to develop modern, web applications using containers should go for this course.

Pre-requisites

Anyone who wants to learn Mastering Docker and Kubernetes should have understanding of ASP.NET Core development.

Tools/SDK/IDE

Visual Studio 2019 or higher, Docker Desktop, Kubernetes Tools

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

The Mastering Microsoft Azure Certification Training makes you proficient in developing, planning, and scaling your web applications on Microsoft Azure. It includes training on Azure App Services, Azure Storage, Azure Virtual Machines, Azure SQL Database , Microservices, Azure AD, Azure Automation and DevOps using real-life case studies. The curriculum has been designed by Microsoft MVPs & Industry expert to earn Microsoft Azure Developer Associate Certification (AZ-204).

Microsoft Azure Certification Course Highlights

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Understand Microsoft Azure Cloud platform
2. Create, Configure and Scale Virtual Machines
3. Create and Manage SQL database on Azure
4. Create and Manage Cosmos DB, Azure Search and Redis Cache
5. Create and Publish ASP.NET Web application on Web App
6. Implement Serverless Architecture Using Azure Function
7. Storage and Manage data using Azure Storage: Blobs, Files, Tables, Disks
8. Implement Azure Messaging Services: Services Bus, Event Hub, Notification Hub
9. Use Azure Active Directory to Implement Single SignOn
10. Monitoring App on Azure

Pre-requisites

Anyone who wants to learn this course should have the knowledge of software development using .NET.

Tools/SDK/IDE

Azure Portal, Visual Studio 2022 and Azure SDK

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

Mastering Angular Training program will enable you to build modern and interactive web applications by using Angular best practices. Our Angular Training program covers Angular fundamentals like modules, components, Data binding, Directive, Services, Reactive Forms, Component level communication using Services and Dependency Injection (DI). Further discover the features of Angular material, communicate with backend services using Observables, perform Authentication and Authorization with JWT token and deploy it to cloud.

About AngularJS Online Training

At the completion of this course, attendees will be able to;

1. Understand Typescript core and advanced concepts
2. Understand Angular2 to 12 basic and advanced in-depth concepts
3. Create components, services, pipe and forms validations etc.
4. Create and Consume REST Services
5. Optimize web page performance
6. Secure application based on user roles
7. Scale SPA for Phone, Tablets, Laptop & Desktop
8. Publish their App

Who can do this course?

All professionals who are keen to develop interactive, light weight and highly extensible SPA should go for this course.

Originally published at https://www.scholarhat.com.

Inheritance is a mechanism of acquiring the features and behaviors of a class by another class. The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class. Inheritance implements the IS-A relationship.

For example, mammal IS-A animal, dog IS-A mammal; Hence dog IS-A animal as well.

Inheritance is one of the core aspects of the fundamental called Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) and if we need to describe then inheritance is that it provides the way of achieving code re-usability were writing the same code the multiple times, again and again, rather we can use inherit a version of the given properties of one class into the other by extending it. We will learn each type of inheritance in this article

Different Types of Inheritance

OOPs support the six different types of inheritance as given below :

• Multiple inheritance

1. In this inheritance, a derived class is created from more than one base class. This inheritance is not supported by .NET Languages like C#, F#, etc., and Java Language.
2. In the given example, class c inherits the properties and behavior of class B and class A at the same level. So, here A and Class B both are the parent classes for Class C.

• The syntax for Multiple Inheritance
• //Base Class class A { public void fooA() { //TO DO: } } //Base Class class B { public void fooB() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class C : A, B { public void fooC() { //TO DO: } }
• Hybrid inheritance

1. This is a combination of more than one inheritance. Hence, it may be a combination of Multilevel and Multiple inheritance or Hierarchical and Multilevel inheritance Hierarchical and Multipath inheritance, or Hierarchical, Multilevel and Multiple inheritances.
2. Since .NET Languages like C#, F#, etc. do not support multiple and multipath inheritance. Hence hybrid inheritance with a combination of multiple or multipath inheritances is not supported by .NET Languages.

• The syntax for Hybrid Inheritance
• //Base Class class A { public void fooA() { //TO DO: } } //Base Class class F { public void fooF() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class B : A, F { public void fooB() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class C : A { public void fooC() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class D : C { public void fooD() { //TO DO: } } //Derived Class class E : C { public void fooE() { //TO DO: } }

Advantages of Inheritance

1. Reduce code redundancy.
2. Provides better code reusabilities.
3. Reduces source code size and improves code readability.
4. The code is easy to manage and divided into parent and child classes.
5. Supports code extensibility by overriding the base class functionality within child classes.
6. Code usability will enhance the reliability eventually where the base class code will always be tested and debugged against the issues.

Disadvantages of Inheritance

1. In Inheritance base class and child class, both are tightly coupled. Hence If you change the code of the parent class, it will affect all the child classes.
2. In a class hierarchy, many data members remain unused and the memory allocated to them is not utilized. Hence it affects the performance of your program if you have not implemented inheritance correctly.
3. Inheritance increases the coupling between the base class and the derived class. any small change in the base class will directly affect all the child classes which are extended to the parent class.

Read More Articles Related to Object-oriented Programming Language What do you think?

In this article, you learned about the different types of inheritance including advantages and disadvantages. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.

Share Article

Originally published at https://www.dotnettricks.com.