Starting June 15, 2026, Google is restructuring how data flows between Google Analytics 4 (GA4) and Google Ads. By removing old data backstops — specifically narrowing the role of Google Signals — Google is making Consent Mode v2 the single, absolute judge of what conversion data reaches your ad account.

For growth marketers, this update introduces a severe optimization blind spot. If your front-end consent signals are misconfigured on June 15, your Smart Bidding algorithms will go partially blind overnight, causing budgets to drift toward the wrong traffic.

Here is the breakdown of the financial threat, the data math behind it, and how to protect your conversion loops.

The Core Threat: Why Your Smart Bidding is At Risk

Modern paid media success doesn’t depend on manual keyword tweaks; it depends on feeding clean conversion signals into Google’s machine learning algorithms.

Before this update, if your website’s cookie banner setup had structural bugs or missing parameters, Google Ads could often look across the hall to GA4’s Google Signals feature to help bridge cross-device paths and patch attribution data.

After June 15, that safety net disappears.

OLD CONVERSION LOOP:
[Conversion Event] ──> Consent Mode (Fails/Incomplete) ──> Google Signals (Backfills Data) ──> Smart Bidding Optimizes (Stable ROAS)

POST-JUNE 15 LOOP:
[Conversion Event] ──> Consent Mode (Fails/Incomplete) ──> [BLIND SPOT] ────────────────────> Smart Bidding Guesses (ROAS Drops)

If a user rejects tracking, or if your code fails to properly fire the ad_storage parameter, Google Ads is completely cut off from user-level identifiers.

The Downstream Chaos:

• The Vanishing Lead Problem: For high-ticket B2B or service brands where phone calls or offline actions drive revenue, a denied or missing ad_storage state means the attribution trail vanishes. The conversion still happens in the real world, but Google Ads can't see it.
• Algorithm Drift: When high-value conversions become invisible, the bidding algorithm assumes those campaigns are failing. It will automatically pull budget away from your highest-converting channels and pump it into lower-value actions that happen to remain visible (like cheap form-fills or accidental clicks).
• Shrinking Remarketing Lists: Audience building from GA4 will now rely exclusively on the ad_personalization parameter. If your integration is incomplete, your remarketing list growth will stop entirely on June 15.

The Data Math: Can Conversion Modeling Save You?

Google relies on Advanced Consent Mode to use machine learning to estimate conversions from users who opt out of tracking. When a visitor selects “No” on your banner, Advanced Consent Mode sends an anonymous “ping” instead of a cookie. Google then cross-references those pings with your consenting users to guess your total conversions.

However, modeling is not a magic fix for every account. It requires data volume to train the algorithm.

Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, don’t forget to like👍, share💌 , and comment👩🏻‍💻 on how it was. Keep following me for more informative and compelling blogs. 📚

Embarking on a managerial journey is akin to navigating a dynamic landscape, full of challenges and opportunities. Whether you’re a seasoned professional eyeing career progression or a recent graduate eager to leave your mark, honing specific skills is paramount for success in management roles. This blog post delves into the intricacies of six imperative skills that can pave the way for a triumphant management career.

1. Visionary Leadership:

At the heart of effective management lies visionary leadership. Managers must inspire and guide their teams towards shared goals. Developing leadership skills involves articulating a compelling vision, making judicious decisions, and motivating others. Seek feedback regularly, participate in leadership development programs, and draw inspiration from successful leaders in your industry to amplify your leadership prowess.

2. Articulate Communication:

Clear and concise communication is the bedrock of successful management. Managers need to convey expectations, provide constructive feedback, and articulate ideas with precision. Improving communication skills entails active listening, adapting your communication style to different audiences, and fostering a transparent environment. Enroll in public speaking courses or workshops to refine your communication abilities and elevate your managerial impact.

3. Embrace Emotional Intelligence:

In the multifaceted realm of management, emotional intelligence is a game-changer. This encompasses self-awareness, empathy, and adept interpersonal skills. Cultivate emotional intelligence by engaging in self-reflection, understanding others’ perspectives, and forging personal connections within your team.

4. Decisive Decision-Making:

Managers shoulder the responsibility of making critical decisions. Strengthen your decision-making skills by gathering relevant information, considering diverse perspectives, and weighing the pros and cons of different options. Foster a mindset of continuous learning, and be open to adapting decisions based on feedback and outcomes.

5. Mastering Time:

In the fast-paced world of management, time is a precious commodity. Learn to prioritize tasks, set realistic deadlines, and delegate effectively. Invest in time management tools and techniques, striving to strike a balance between short-term goals and long-term objectives. Efficient time management not only enhances productivity but also contributes to a healthier work-life equilibrium.

6. Embrace Adaptability and Innovation:

The business landscape is ever-evolving, demanding adaptability from managers. Cultivate a mindset of continuous improvement and innovation. Stay abreast of industry trends, foster a culture of creativity within your team, and be willing to experiment with new ideas. The ability to navigate change and champion innovation is a potent asset in any management role.

A flourishing career in management hinges on a blend of visionary leadership, articulate communication, emotional intelligence, decisive decision-making, effective time management, and adaptability. Consistently invest in your professional development, actively seek feedback, and leverage lessons from both successes and setbacks. By enhancing these essential skills, you’ll not only propel your career forward but also contribute significantly to the growth and success of your team and organization. As you chart your course through the realms of management, remember that mastery of these skills will distinguish you as a leader poised for excellence.

Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, don’t forget to like👍, share💌 , and comment👩🏻‍💻 on how it was. Keep following me for more informative and compelling blogs. 📚

Bonus: How to Create high-value content that converts

Founded by the team behind In Plain English, Circuit is a strategic growth company for developer-focused software startups. We help companies produce a higher ROI on their content marketing efforts.

If you want to build a better content strategy, scale content operations, increase product awareness and adoption, and grow a community, we help brands make this happen.

→ Content Marketing Checklist

→ How to Create Better Content for Developers

→ The Key Ingredient Behind High Newsletter Open Rates

Crafting a Path to Leadership Excellence: was originally published in Venture on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

What are Project Methodologies?

Project methodologies are the set of principles, practices, and processes used to manage and control projects. They provide a framework for project management and guide teams in achieving their objectives within the set timeline. There are several project methodologies to choose from, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

Types of Project Methodologies:

Waterfall Methodology: The waterfall methodology is a traditional project management approach. It involves a linear process that starts with planning and moves through each phase in sequence, including design, development, testing, and deployment. This methodology is best suited for projects that have well-defined requirements and a fixed timeline.

Agile Methodology: The agile methodology is an iterative approach that emphasizes collaboration, flexibility, and continuous improvement. It involves breaking down the project into smaller, more manageable pieces and delivering them in short sprints. This methodology is best suited for projects that require flexibility and adaptability, such as software development.

Scrum Methodology: The Scrum methodology is a subset of the Agile methodology. It involves a highly collaborative approach that emphasizes teamwork and transparency. It involves breaking the project into short sprints and delivering working software at the end of each sprint. This methodology is best suited for complex projects with a high level of uncertainty.

Lean Methodology: The lean methodology is a project management approach that emphasizes reducing waste and maximizing value. It involves eliminating unnecessary steps and processes and focusing on delivering value to the customer. This methodology is best suited for projects with a focus on efficiency and continuous improvement.

Choosing the Right Methodology:

Choosing the right methodology for your project is critical to its success. To choose the right methodology, you need to consider several factors, such as the project scope, timeline, resources, and team. Here are some tips to help you choose the right methodology:

1. Identify your project requirements and goals.
2. Consider the size and complexity of your project.
3. Determine the level of uncertainty in your project.
4. Assess the skill level of your team.
5. Evaluate the resources available for your project.
6. Consider the timeline for your project.

Conclusion:

Project methodologies provide a framework for project management and guide teams in achieving their objectives within the set timeline. There are several project methodologies to choose from, and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. To choose the right methodology for your project, you need to consider several factors, such as the project scope, timeline, resources, and team. By choosing the right methodology, you can increase the chances of your project’s success and achieve your goals within the set timeline.

Call-to-Action:

If you found this blog informative, please like and share it with your network. For more informative blogs on project management, follow our blog.

Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, don’t forget to like👍, share💌 , and comment👩🏻‍💻 on how it was. Also, feel free to ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs on similar topics. Keep following me for more informative and compelling blogs. 📚

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How To Choose The Right Approach For Your Project🤔 was originally published in JavaScript in Plain English on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Google has been at the forefront of technological innovations for over two decades. The search giant has been instrumental in shaping the way we use the internet today, from search algorithms to virtual assistants. However, with the advent of Open AI and its cutting-edge language model, ChatGPT, Google is facing a new kind of challenge. In this article, we will explore how Google plans to take on ChatGPT and maintain its dominance in the tech world.

What is Open AI and ChatGPT? 🤔

Open AI is a non-profit artificial intelligence research organization that was founded in 2015 with the aim of promoting and developing friendly AI in a way that benefits humanity as a whole. It was founded by some of the biggest names in tech, including Elon Musk, Sam Altman, Greg Brockman, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech Zaremba, and John Schulman.

ChatGPT is Open AI’s language model that uses deep learning algorithms to generate human-like text. It is trained on a massive amount of text data and can answer questions, generate text, summarize articles, and much more. The model has been widely praised for its ability to generate coherent and coherently written text, making it a major player in the field of AI and NLP (Natural Language Processing).

How Will Google Take on ChatGPT? 💪

Google has been working on its own language model, BERT, for several years now. BERT stands for Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers and is a deep learning model that can be fine-tuned for a variety of NLP tasks, such as question answering, sentiment analysis, and text classification. While BERT has been widely adopted in the NLP community, it has not been able to match the level of performance of ChatGPT.

However, Google has a significant advantage over Open AI — its vast amounts of data. Google has access to billions of search queries and user interactions, which it can use to further train its language model and make it even more accurate and sophisticated. With this data, Google can continue to improve BERT and make it a stronger competitor to ChatGPT.

Additionally, Google also has a significant advantage in terms of resources and funding. The search giant has the financial resources to invest in research and development of its language model, as well as the infrastructure to support its deployment and deployment at scale. This means that Google can continue to improve BERT and make it more accessible to developers, researchers, and businesses.

What Does the Future Hold? 🔮

It is impossible to predict the future with certainty, but it is clear that Google and Open AI are both at the forefront of NLP research and development. While Open AI has made significant strides with ChatGPT, Google is not far behind and is likely to catch up soon.

In the coming years, we can expect to see the development of even more sophisticated language models, which will be capable of even more advanced NLP tasks. Additionally, we can also expect to see the integration of AI and NLP into more and more products and services, making them more user-friendly and intuitive.

As the competition between Google and Open AI continues, we can expect to see exciting developments in the field of NLP and AI. Only time will tell who will come out on top, but one thing is for sure — the future of NLP and AI is looking brighter than ever!

Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, don’t forget to like👍, share💌 , and comment👩🏻‍💻 on how it was. Also, feel free to ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs on similar topics. Keep following me for more informative and compelling blogs. 📚

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Google vs OpenAI: How The Search Giant Will Take On ChatGPT🔍🤖 was originally published in Artificial Intelligence in Plain English on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

Project management is an essential part of any business, and it’s essential to have the right tools to help you stay on track and within budget. That’s where Jira comes in! 🔧

Jira is a powerful project management software developed by Atlassian that is designed to help you stay on top of every aspect of your projects. It offers a range of features, including budget tracking, progress monitoring, and team collaboration, to help you streamline your workflow and increase productivity. With Jira, you can easily set and track project expenses, making sure you stay within budget. You can also set clear deadlines and milestones, giving you a clear overview of your project’s progress and ensuring you meet your deadlines.

Team Collaboration 🤝

In addition, Jira also offers a range of other features, including task assignments, team collaboration, and progress tracking. These features make it easy for teams to work together seamlessly, even when working remotely. Jira also offers a range of integrations with other popular tools such as Google Drive, Trello, and Slack, making it easy to share information and collaborate with your team.

Custom Workflows 📊

Another great feature of Jira is its ability to create custom workflows. This feature allows teams to tailor the software to their specific needs and processes. With custom workflows, teams can easily track the progress of tasks and ensure that all work is completed on time. The robust reporting system of Jira allows teams to analyze data and make informed decisions. Reports can be generated on various aspects of the project, such as progress, budget, and team performance. This feature is especially useful for managers and team leaders who need to keep track of their team’s performance and identify areas for improvement.

User-Friendly and Scalable 💻

Jira is also user-friendly and easy to use, making it accessible to teams of all sizes and skill levels. The software’s interface is intuitive, and it’s easy to navigate, so teams can start using it right away. Jira is also scalable, the software can be used by teams of all sizes, from small startups to large corporations. It’s also flexible enough to handle projects of all types, from simple tasks to complex projects.

Security Features 🔒

In addition, Jira also offers a range of security features to protect your data and keep your projects safe. The software is compliant with industry standards and regulations, and it has been designed with security in mind.

Overall, Jira is an excellent project management tool that offers a range of features to help teams stay on budget and on schedule. Its budget tracking, team collaboration, and progress monitoring features make it a valuable tool for any team looking to improve their efficiency and productivity. If you’re looking for a powerful project management tool that can help you stay on track and within budget, Jira is the perfect choice. Try it today and see the difference it can make in your projects! 💯

Thanks for reading! If you liked this blog, don’t forget to like👍, share💌 , and comment👩🏻‍💻 on how it was. Also, feel free to ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs on similar topics. Keep following me for more informative and compelling posts. 📚

Centering an element in a div container gets tricky sometimes. It is really important to know what exactly is going to work instead of experimenting with it every time when you make the front-end of a web page.

How to center div using CSS?

Now, centering an element doesn’t only mean the centering of a div component. By centering, I am going to focus on

1. Horizontal Centering
2. Vertical Centering
3. Horizontal & Vertical Centering (Center of a component)

By default, web page content starts from the top left corner of the screen and moves from left to right.

Let’s start by centering an image horizontally within a div component. After that, we will go through centering the image vertically and then centering the image altogether.

Centering an image in a div horizontally

Centering an image in a Div horizontally with text-align

Assume you have a div in which you insert your picture in the following manner:

<div class="container">
    <img src="./css-logo.png" alt="CSS Logo" />
</div>

Now, I will be applying CSS styling so that image becomes visible. You can see that now the image is in its default position.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
}
.container img {
    width: 100px;
}

We usually use the text-align method to center text. But, we can also use it on an image within a container.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    text-align: center;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
}

This method only works when we use this value in the container and not the image.

Centering an image in a div horizontally with margin-auto

Another method you can use to horizontally center an image in the div container is the margin property with the value auto.

In this method, the element will take up the specified width, and the empty space will be split equally between the left and right margins. We will be applying this property on the image and not the container. Of course! Before that, we need to specify a width of an image so that the margin property will be able to split the empty space equally.

One more thing we need to keep remember is that the margin property does not work on inline level elements. And here our image is inline so we will be converting it to a block element by setting display property as block.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    margin: auto;
    display: block;
}

Centering an image in a div horizontally with position and transform properties

This method can be tricky but we will be going step by step so as to not make any errors. First, we will be setting the position property and then the transform property.

So now you need to first set the container’s position to relative and image position absolute. By doing this you can move the image left, right, top and bottom.

But now we only want to move left 50% or right 50%. Now it will be looking like the image below.

As you can see, it is still not perfectly placed in the center. It is because we haven’t assigned the transform property whose value we will be setting to translateX.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    position: relative;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
}

Centering an image in a div horizontally with display-flex

Using position and transform property can be a tedious task as you can see. CSS flexbox makes it easier to make a responsive layout. We can also use this to position an image in the middle of a container horizontally by utilizing the display property with the value flex.

This alone won’t work, you need to define where you want the position of your image. It could be center, left and right:

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
}

Let’s look at how to vertically center a picture in a div. Later, we’ll look at how to center an image in a div horizontally and vertically, creating a perfect center.

Centering an image in a div vertically

Centering an image in a div vertically with the display-flex

Previously we centered horizontally using the display-flex method. We are going to be using a similar kind of approach.

This time, you won’t need to use justify-content property. Instead, use the align-items property.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
}

To make this method work, make sure you specified the height of the container. So that you can calculate the center of the div component.

Centering an image in a div vertically with the position and transform properties

You are going to do something similar to what you have done for centering horizontally.

This time, you won’t be using left or right but top and bottom to ensure the center vertically. And as we need to move the image vertically, we will use transition property value as translateY.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    position: relative;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

Centering an image in div

Centering an image in div with display-flex

In order to center the image both vertically and horizontally, you would use the display-flex property.

For that, set justify-content and align-items properties to the value center.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
}

Centering an image in div with position and transform properties

You must have gotten an idea from the previous method that we are combining properties we learned from horizontal and vertical centering. That’s what you will be doing now as well.

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    position: relative;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
}

You can also combine translateX and translateY by using translate(X,Y).

.container {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #0a0a23;
    position: relative;
}

.container img {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

Final Note

In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to center an image in a div either vertically, horizontally, or both.

When centering an image, you will frequently choose the Flexbox approach rather than the tricky-to-use position method, which might distort your website.

I hope you liked this blog. Do like, share, and comment on how my blog was, and ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs.

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Center Element in a Div Component was originally published in JavaScript in Plain English on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

React encourages developers to build a website by dividing a UI into components. Even though we’re putting them together and they rely on one another, there will always be a need to pass data from one component to another — specifically, from parent to child component. React refers to the data passed between components as props, and we’ll go over them in great detail.

With that, let’s unpack these important yet complicated terms together👨🏻‍🤝‍👨🏻.

What are Props?

First, let me explain again what is React. React is designed to make single-page applications easily. React makes it simple to create interactive UIs. Create simple views for each state of your application, and React will update and render the necessary components when your data changes.

Now let’s dive into knowing what are props and what is their use in React. The term ‘props’ is actually a short form of ‘properties’. It is used to pass the user-inserted value in the parent component to the child component. This makes the website more dynamic and user-friendly.

Now, we understood that props is something that passes a value from one component to other. Let’s understand how we can access and pass data using the below example. I am actually taking a card example that will be dynamic.

Firstly, my App.js looks like the below image:

Now I will be making Card.js file, where we will be using a functional-based component. I am copying one of the card source code from the bootstrap website. So my Card.js file looks like this:

You can see that we have made a React component.

Two ways of using props in React

Before I explain to you how we use props in React. I want to tell you that we can use props with or without destructuring.

Props With Destructuring

We will be passing the props variable’s name as a function argument.

Your App.js will be looking like the below image as you have passed the props value in App.js. Accessing the props value can be done by putting the variable name in curly brackets.

Props Without Destructuring

Previously, we passed variables as an argument in the component-based function. But now we will be passing props as an argument. We will be declaring props variables.

You can also avoid declaring props variables by replacing {header} with {props.header}.

Passing Default Values

There will be sometime when you don’t want to pass values and instead use the default value to avoid any kind of error.

Card.defaultProps = {
    header: "Heading",
    title: "Title", 
    description: "Description"  
}

I hope you all liked this blog. Do like, share, and comment on how my blog was, and ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs.

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Master Props and PropTypes in React was originally published in JavaScript in Plain English on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

What is JSX?

JSX, pronounced “JS-ex,” is a syntax that allows you to embed XML within JavaScript. It’s the primary way to create the “React components,” which are the building blocks for React apps. If you’ve ever used a templating language, such as Handlebars or Jade, then you’ve worked with a language that uses curly brackets to delimit the start and end of a code block. JSX is like that, except that the code inside the curly brackets is JavaScript rather than another language. If you’ve ever used a language that uses curly brackets to delimit the start and end of a code block, then you’ve worked with a language that uses curly brackets to delimit the start and end of a code block.

What Does JSX Look Like?

Let’s look at a simple example. Suppose you have an HTML file with a <div> that has some content in it. You want to use that <div> element as a React component, but you don’t want to change the <div> to be an <h1> or something else. Instead, you want to keep the <div> , but change it in some way. In other words, you want to embed an HTML snippet in your JavaScript code. Let’s say the HTML file looks like this:

You want to add a new <div> element inside the <div> . The new <div> is going to be a <p> with the text “I am a new paragraph!”. Here’s how you’d do that in JSX:

Notice the curly brackets. In between the curly brackets you have the HTML you want to embed. You can use HTML tags like <div> , <p> , <h1> , and so on. The only difference is that you have to wrap the content in curly brackets.

Create a React App with JSX

Now that we’ve covered some of the basics of using JSX, let’s create a React app that uses JSX. Let’s assume you have a blank folder for your project (let’s call it “My React App”). Open your terminal or command prompt and navigate to the folder where you’ve created your “My React App” folder. Once you’re in the folder, open up a new file. We’ll use that file to write our code. Let’s call the file “MyApp.js”. Next, open up your text editor and create a new file. Let’s call this file “index.js”. Now, we have the two files that we need to begin writing our React app. Let’s get to it! Open up “MyApp.js” in your text editor. Let’s start with a simple JSX example.

Here, we’ve created a simple React component that has one <div> element inside it. Inside the <div> , we have two child elements: <h2> and <p> . The <h2> element has the text “Hello, world!”, and the <p> element has the text “This is my first app using React.”

Hope you all liked my first blog. Do like, share and comment how my blog was and ping me some new ideas on writing more blogs😃.

I usually used to make carousel using HTML, CSS, Bootstrap and JavaScript. As I have started learning ReactJs and I was in the process of building a news App. And I have been struggling to add Carousel component in ReactJs using API and I was searching a lot to make it more efficient and I got to know that Bootstrap has a website included with React.

To make the carousel using ReactJs you need to follow the below steps.

So to operate React-Bootstrap you need to install node.js and using that npm package so that we can install React-Bootstrap using npm(or yarn). We can also add cdn in stylesheet instead of installing it.

Use the below command to install Bootstrap_React using npm.

npm install react-bootstrap bootstrap

Now import the library in the .js file

import Carousel from 'react-bootstrap/Carousel';

And also import this file in index.js

import 'bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css';

Add this below code in your .js file and it will create a demo carousel for you.

<Carousel>
<Carousel.Item>
<img
className=”d-block w-100"
src=”holder.js/800x400?text=First slide&bg=373940"
alt=”First slide”
/>
<Carousel.Caption>
<h3>First slide label</h3>
<p>Nulla vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue mollis interdum.</p>
</Carousel.Caption>
</Carousel.Item>
<Carousel.Item>
<img
className=”d-block w-100"
src=”holder.js/800x400?text=Second slide&bg=282c34"
alt=”Second slide”
/>

<Carousel.Caption>
<h3>Second slide label</h3>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</p>
</Carousel.Caption>
</Carousel.Item>
<Carousel.Item>
<img
className=”d-block w-100"
src=”holder.js/800x400?text=Third slide&bg=20232a”
alt=”Third slide”
/>

<Carousel.Caption>
<h3>Third slide label</h3>
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Expected Result will be this

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What is Software Testing?

Understand it like this software Testing is a method to check whether the actual software product matches the expected requirements of the doftware and to ensure the software product is defect free.

Software testing is important because if there are any bugs or errors in the software, it can identified before the delivery of software product.

Why do we need software testing?

The purpose of software testing is to identify errors, gaps or missing requirements in contrast to actual requirements. Properly tested software ensures reliability, security and high performance which further provides cost effectiveness, time saving and customer satisfaction.

Testing is important because software bugs could be expensive otherwise it could be more dangerous for software.

If you guys know Software Development you must know that there is a six phase Software Development Life Cycle(SDLC) that includes:

1. Planning
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Implementation
5. Testing and Integration
6. Maintenance

Similarly there is a six phase Software Testing Life Cycle(STLC) Model that includes:

1. Requirement Analysis

2. Test Planning

3. Test case development

4. Test Environment setup

5. Test Execution

6. Test Cycle closure

Requirement Phase Testing

Testing team study the test requirements based on testing point of view and the QA team may interact with stakeholders about the requirement in detail. Now requirements could be either functional or non functional. Activities in Requirement Phase Testing

1) Identify types of test to be performed

2) Gather details about testing priorities and focus

3) Prepare RTM(Requirement Traceability Matrix)

Test Planning

In this phase senior QA manager determines the test plan strategy along with efforts and cost estimates of the project. Moreover, the resources, test environment, test limitations and the testing schedule are also determined.

Test case development

It involves the creation, verification and rework of test cases and test scripts after the test plan is ready

Test Environment Setup

It decides the hardware and software conditions under which a product is being tested. As this is a very critical aspect therefore it can be done parallel to Test case developments process. Testing team does smoke testing of the given environment.

Test Execution Phase

Testing of software is done based on the test plan and test cases prepared. The process consists of test script execution, test script maintenance and bug reporting.

Test Cycle Closure

Test Cycle Closure phase is completion of test execution which involves several activities like test completion reporting, collection of test completion matrices and test results.

Types Of Testing

Manual Testing

In this software testing test cases are executed manually by a tester without any automated tools. It is the most primitive technique of finding critical bugs. It is necessary to check automation feasibility in manual testing.

The key concept of manual testing is to ensure that the application is error free.

Automation Testing

It uses special automated testing software tools to execute the test case suit. Automation testing is used to ensure the best test coverage, increase effectiveness and fast execution

Automated Testing Process

Following steps are followed in an Automation Process

Step 1) Test Tool Selection

Step 2) Define scope of Automation

Step 3) Planning, Design and Development

Step 4) Test Execution

Step 5) Maintenance