Neologisms in Ṣūrayt/Ṭūrōyo

Exonyms in the Arab World -in Arabic and International Cartography. This study reflects the exonyms viewed in the Arab world. It starts with Arab world identification, with the two groups of Arab states: in Africa and in Asia. Very important seems to be The availability of maps and the quality of the toponymy are both important considerations (I do not understand the meaning of quality in this context). French, Italian and English are the main languages, but a particular situation appears in Israel where almost all geographical names were renamed in Hebrew. For Arab users the names are based on Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), with all Arab coutries using the same Arabic literary language. But most of the Arab world also uses "parallel toponymy" involving various languages. The change from Arabic into Latin is pronounced in various ways. A special case arises in the Maghreb coutries, while opposition to standardisation is also a reality in the Arab world.

Journal of Greek Linguistics, 2011

Journal of The Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, 2021

A novel lens is used in this paper to analyze James E. Hoch's list of Semitic loanwords in Egyptian Texts. Hoch's corpus of examples served as the foundation for this study. A dataset was constructed by critically digitizing all lexical borrowings that Hoch collected. Using iClassifier (©Goldwasser/Harel/Nikolaev), each example's classifiers (aka determinatives) were tagged and annotated. This results in a dynamic, multilayered network of loanwords. A categorical semantic network composed of 360 lexical items in 1710 examples across more than 400 Egyptian texts of the New Kingdom was created. The distribution of the entire corpus of loanwords by classifier categories is fairly accurate since 95 percent of the attestations are written with one classifier or more. The discussion begins with a bird's eye view of the entire corpus, shifting the perspective on the phenomenon. Next, a macro-level clustering of loanwords based on Egyptian categories is presented, emphasizing their general hierarchy and structure. In the second perspective, we examine a specific detail of the network, the [WOOD] classifier. The final step is to zoom in closer and recount the integration route for a specific word. A lemma jsb.t, meaning 'seat'' or 'throne,' is used to illustrate how the Egyptians continuously structured their knowledge through systematically categorizing lexical items. Résumé: Dans cet article, la liste des mots d'emprunt sémitiques dans les textes égyptiens de James E. Hoch est analysée à travers une nouvelle lentille. Le corpus d'exemples de Hoch a servi de fondation à la présente étude. Un jeu de données fut construit en numérisant, de manière critique, tous les emprunts lexicaux ayant été collectionnés par Hoch. En utilisant iClassifier (©Goldwasser/Harel/Nikolaev), chaque exemple de classificateurs (également connus sous le nom de déterminatifs) fut étiquetés et annotés. Cela a résulté en un réseau dynamique multicouche de mots d'emprunt. Un réseau sémantique catégoriel composé de 360 items lexicaux provenant de 1710 attestations réparties dans 400 textes égyptiens du Nouvel Empire fut réalisé. La distribution du corpus intégral de mots d'emprunt en fonction des catégories de classificateur est assez précise puisque 95% des attestations sont écrites avec un ou plusieurs classificateurs. La discussion débute par un survol du corpus dans son intégralité permettant une perspective différente sur le phénomène. Par la suite, un groupement de mots d'emprunt au niveau macro basé sur les catégories égyptiennes est présenté, mettant l'emphase sur leur structure et leur hiérarchie générale. Dans une seconde perspective, nous examinons un détail spécifique du réseau à savoir le classificateur [BOIS]. La dernière étape consiste à poser un regard de plus près et à retracer le parcours d'intégration d'un mot spécifique. L'exemple du vocable jsb.t, qui signifie « siège » ou « trône », est utilisé pour illustrer la manière dont les Égyptiens ont continuellement structuré leur savoir en fonction d'une catégorisation systématique d'items lexicaux.

For most Ugaritic lexical items a Semitic etymology can be suggested or established, but those of non-Semitic origin are of particular interest and not unexpectedly , a higb proportion of them are Hurrian. If it were still in current use, the expression connecting coal and Newcastle would apply to this short survey dedicated to Professor Manfried Dietrich who (together with Professor Oswald Loretz) has contributed immensely to Ugaritic and especially to Hurrian studies over many years. It will show how much he, his immediate colleagues and other scholars in the field have extended our knowledge of the Ugaritic lexicon.

Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies, 2006

The doctoral dissertation by Aziz Tezel is an impressive result of several years of principal investigation into Western Neo-Syriac Lexicon by a native speaker. The goal of this comprehensive work was to study words presenting etymological problems in the Western Neo-Syriac (WNS, known as Turoyo) lexicon and provide new etymological suggestions along with the description (of the accounts) of the most common linguistic processes by which various changes were or are carried out for the words studied.