Le Prochain Supercontinent est Déjà en Cours de Formation

Sympa

Saviez-vous que le prochain supercontinent est déjà en préparation ? Les scientifiques croient qu'au fil de millions d'années, les plaques tectoniques de la Terre vont à nouveau se déplacer pour créer une gigantesque masse terrestre. Ils l'appellent Pangaea Proxima, ou "Pangée Future", et sa formation est prévue alors que l'océan Atlantique rétrécit tandis que des continents comme l'Afrique et l'Europe entrent en collision. Cela ne se produira pas demain, cependant – c'est un processus qui pourrait prendre 200 à 300 millions d'années ! Lorsqu'il se produira, il changera radicalement les climats, les écosystèmes, et même la façon dont nous naviguons sur la planète. C'est fou de penser que la surface de la Terre est constamment en mouvement, façonnant lentement le monde futur !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00History teaches us that a supercontinent existed about 273 to 300 million years ago.

00:08At that time, all the continents of the Earth were grouped and formed a harmonious unity.

00:14This gigantic ensemble was called Pangaea, or Pangaea, if we prefer a more sophisticated version.

00:21This term derives from ancient Greek, meaning the whole Earth.

00:25Pangaea was surrounded by a vast ocean called Pantalasa.

00:29Thus, the entirety of our planet was composed of a huge unique continent,

00:33bordered by a colossal expanse of water.

00:36This supercontinent had the shape of a gigantic C stretching from one end to the other of our globe.

00:41However, as in any evolution, things have changed.

00:45About 200 million years ago, at the beginning of the Jurassic era, that of the dinosaurs,

00:50Pangaea began its fragmentation.

00:53Contrary to the simplistic idea that continents would passively drift like icebergs,

00:58this separation gave birth to the current continents.

01:01This process also shaped the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

01:08It was in 1912 that Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist,

01:12presented for the first time the history of Pangaea.

01:15But how could he reconstruct events so distant in time?

01:19Visualize the core of the Earth as a gigantic chimney that emits an intense heat.

01:24This heat generates particular convection currents in the outer layer of the planet.

01:29We can assimilate this layer, the terrestrial crust,

01:32to a vast puzzle made up of multiple embedded pieces.

01:36The hot currents cause the movement of these pieces of the puzzle,

01:39which are called tectonic plates.

01:42Sometimes they move away, sometimes they collide,

01:45and other times they slide against each other.

01:48It looks like an incessant dance that takes place under our feet.

01:52One day, Wegener observed the contours of the continents

01:55and realized that the coasts of South America and Africa seemed to be intertwined.

01:59And indeed, it was the case.

02:02He then imagined that in the past,

02:04all continents were united in one and the same terrestrial mass.

02:10However, he could not simply advance this idea without providing proof.

02:14But then, how do we know that the pangea really existed?

02:18Well, several clues have allowed us to reach this remarkable discovery.

02:22One of them is comparable to a puzzle whose pieces fit together perfectly.

02:27Observe the current shapes of the continents.

02:30You will notice that they could almost completely fit together.

02:34Of course, their contours have evolved over time.

02:37This happened millions of years ago,

02:40and since then, the waters have eroded the shores.

02:43Despite everything, we still clearly distinguish their complementarity.

02:47Another clue lies in the study of fossils.

02:50We know that many prehistoric animals left traces behind them,

02:54allowing us to trace their history and identify the species that existed in the past.

02:59When scientists compared the fossils from different continents,

03:03they found a striking similarity.

03:06They belonged to the same group of animals,

03:09although they were discovered thousands of kilometers apart.

03:13It would be absurd to imagine that these animals crossed the oceans while swimming.

03:17In addition, it is unlikely that this type of animal appeared simultaneously in several places.

03:24And finally, the mountains.

03:26Imagine diving into the depths of the oceans,

03:29and discovering immense mountain ranges.

03:32These underwater reliefs and these abyssal pits

03:35look like scars showing the movement of tectonic plates.

03:39They are an additional proof that the continents are part of a much larger set.

03:44When you gather all these elements, the image becomes clear.

03:48The terrestrial continents used to form a single and even supercontinent.

03:52Since then, they have moved away from each other,

03:55but the traces of this formidable adventure remain visible in the contours of the coasts,

03:59the rocky formations they left behind them, and many other clues.

04:03It may seem obvious today,

04:06but at the time of Wegener's discovery, there were other theories.

04:10Some imagined that the continents had sunk to create the oceans.

04:14Wegener, on the other hand, had a different approach.

04:17He argued that the continents were in perpetual motion.

04:21He even forged an elegant expression to illustrate it,

04:24the drift of the continents.

04:27Subsequently, another scientist, Alexander Dutoy, joined Wegener.

04:33He brought a new perspective by suggesting the existence of two original continents,

04:38the North Laurasia and the South Gondwana.

04:41But the real revolution only occurred in the 1960s,

04:45when researchers discovered the key concept of this theory, the tectonic plates.

04:50This discovery finally allowed to confirm the ideas advanced by Wegener and Dutoy,

04:55and 50 years later, the theory was definitively validated.

04:59With time, our understanding of the planet has considerably enriched.

05:03We have discovered that the Earth had known several supercontinents throughout its history.

05:07Long before the Pangea, about a billion years ago,

05:10existed the megacontinent of Rodinia.

05:13Later, the Panoti appeared some 600 million years ago.

05:19What is fascinating is that the drift of the continents is not about to end.

05:24The continents continue to move constantly.

05:27Africa is slowly moving towards Europe,

05:30while Australia seems to be playing a tampon game with Southeast Asia.

05:35And do you know what awaits us?

05:37The formation of a new supercontinent.

05:40How will this next supercontinent emerge?

05:43Four main scenarios are drawn.

05:45New Pangea, Pangea Prochaine, Aurica and Amazia.

05:49Although these names evoke those of superheroes,

05:52they actually represent different possible configurations for the assembly of continents.

05:57Let's explore these hypotheses.

05:58Let's start with the new Pangea.

06:00Imagine the Atlantic Ocean on one side and the Pacific Ocean on the other.

06:04If things continue on their course, the Atlantic will widen more,

06:08while the Pacific will gradually shrink.

06:12In this case, the Americas, the northern part and the southern part,

06:16will end up getting closer.

06:18The Antarctic, on the other hand, will not remain on the margins.

06:21It will begin a drift north and take part in this new configuration.

06:28The Americas, accompanied by the Antarctic drifting north,

06:31will probably collide with Africa and Europe.

06:34And so, a brand new supercontinent will emerge.

06:38Now let's move on to the next Pangea.

06:41In the future, the Atlantic Ocean could get tired of its width

06:45and decide to tighten its belt a little.

06:47There are areas where the ocean floor slides under the continents,

06:52like underwater secret passages.

06:54These zones, called subduction zones,

06:58could multiply along the east coast of the Americas.

07:02If this happens, Europe and Africa and the American continent

07:06could gather again to form a supercontinent,

07:09which would then be surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.

07:12The next supercontinent, potentially envisageable, is that of Aurica.

07:17In this scenario, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could close again,

07:22as if they decided to take a break.

07:25But rest assured, because when an ocean disappears, another can appear.

07:29In this particular case, a brand new ocean would emerge to take its place.

07:35Imagine a huge crack crossing Asia,

07:39like a lightning bolt that opens.

07:42This crack, known as the Asian Rift Pane,

07:45would give birth to a new ocean.

07:48And with this ocean, a supercontinent would emerge,

07:51named Aurica.

07:53Australia is currently drifting north,

07:55as if it was looking for an ideal place in the heart of our planet.

07:59East Asia and America could join hand in hand.

08:03Then, Europe and Africa could connect to the Americas,

08:07and thus Aurica would be born.

08:10Finally, Asia.

08:12This supercontinent could emerge if some tectonic plates moved north,

08:16bringing with them Africa and Australia.

08:19All these territories would gather around the North Pole.

08:22With the exception of Antarctica,

08:24all continents could thus gather.

08:27Even if they meet around the North Pole,

08:30the oceans would not be completely closed.

08:33The Atlantic and the Pacific would remain open.

08:36The formation of this great gathering depends on the tectonic movements of the Earth.

08:40So far, the scenario of the New Rift seems the most plausible.

08:44All this also depends on the events that occurred after the fragmentation of the Rift.

08:48And when this new supercontinent takes shape,

08:51what will happen to the climate?

08:53How will the oceans react?

08:55And what will happen to animals and plants?

08:58These questions arouse our curiosity.

09:00But who can predict it?

09:02Maybe one day, our descendants will contemplate a map of the world

09:05where this extraordinary journey will have closed the loop.

09:08Keep feeding your curiosity and stay tuned

09:11for the next 100 million years.

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