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00:00Police are hunting a mass murderer believed to have killed as many as 21 prostitutes.
00:10Police have been trying to find a man they call the Green River Killer.
00:14We knew that we at that time had a serial murder on our hands.
00:17In the late 80s, there was a new breed of serial killer.
00:22It wasn't until last March that investigators began linking the cases as the so-called Happy Face Killer.
00:28These were killers that were more sophisticated. They were contacting the media.
00:33The man who calls himself the BTK Killer.
00:35Letters claiming responsibility were sent by a man who referred to himself by the initials BTK.
00:41We were looking at males and females that might be murdered and children.
00:46They're not killing for the same reasons that the early serial killers that we studied were.
00:52Behavioral science, Rustler.
00:57The word got out that we were doing profiling. We were just big seats with cases.
01:04Approximately 300 year profile requests are coming in now.
01:07They are coming in faster than we really can manage it.
01:11We were somewhat limited because we didn't have a lot of profilers.
01:15I think the numbers are getting a little out of control.
01:19We've turned a lot of them away.
01:21A string of disappearances, rapes and murders.
01:24He was a serial killer.
01:25Shot and strangling.
01:26Killing a donor of Savannah, Georgia.
01:28Cases weren't being looked at.
01:31They were just being put on a shelf.
01:34It's so dangerous. I mean, these are people that are killing.
01:38We should be doing a better job.
01:53In the late 80s, one of the things that the team realized was that, to a degree, they had built profiling for themselves.
02:01Dr. Burgess wanted to advance profiling so that it could be this tool that was really applicable to law enforcement as a whole.
02:12The European attendees asking for additional information.
02:15We wanted to train law enforcement to use this tool.
02:22We had to publish.
02:24With Ann's input, I can see a publication taking place here that would be used within law enforcement circles.
02:33I hoped this research would make a difference.
02:36Obsessions, the fantasies.
02:37I would not allow myself to walk into even a potential trap.
02:40Craving something which is harder.
02:42Harder.
02:43Be organized, disorganized.
02:44Two separate personality types.
02:46Somebody wants somebody bad enough. It's nearly impossible to prevent it.
02:49To try to chunk down that whole process by studying the people that are doing it.
02:54The classification based on what they did at the scene.
02:57More likely to live alone, live near the scene of the crime.
03:00You're dealing with a guy who is not your introverted, weird loner.
03:03A good number of these individuals are in the bright, very superior group.
03:08Yes, and killing.
03:10Is there anything that these victims could...
03:19All of that material was published in an academic book called Sexual Homicide.
03:24For me and for the whole team, it was huge. Huge breakthrough.
03:29And we're teaching in courses all over the country.
03:31Information that has come from our efforts thus far.
03:34The program started to really expand.
03:38There are now 29 known victims of the Green River Killer.
03:42The local police turned to a special FBI unit for help with the case.
03:46The FBI was notoriously the one-way street.
03:50We don't give you anything.
03:52And then the Behavioral Science Unit comes along,
03:55and all of a sudden they're not only gathering information,
03:58but they're coming back to you to help solve problems.
04:01We have used the Behavioral Sciences Unit
04:04that the FBI has established at Quantico, Virginia.
04:07It's really a teamwork, but profiling has become a key tool for law enforcement.
04:13The information helped law enforcement investigate these crimes and catch killers.
04:19Authorities arrested 59-year-old Dennis Rader for BT Case 8 murders.
04:24The arrest of one of the country's most prolific serial killers.
04:27Keith Jesperson says he wants to make a full confession for his crimes
04:31as the so-called happy-faced killer.
04:33Green River Killer Gary Ridgeway confessed to killing 48 women.
04:37I think there's not any doubt that there probably would have been more.
04:41So, good work by all these agencies.
04:44For the first time, we had a profiler working in almost every state,
04:50and we were clearing more cases than we ever had before.
04:55With the help of Van Burgess, if we could play the chess team,
05:00we'll look at it and get a couple of victims sooner than we would have stopped and passed.
05:06Robert Bressler has made a career out of tracking and apprehending
05:17some of our nation's most violent serial killers.
05:20He was a consultant on the book, which was a basis for the movie Silence of the Lambs.
05:24What I wanted to ask you about first was the movie. Did you like it?
05:28I thought it was a tremendous movie.
05:30In the movie, Douglas was played by actor Scott Glant.
05:33Good morning.
05:34Good morning, Mr. Crawford.
05:36Douglas and Bressler were quick to write their books,
05:39and they were quick to consult on TV shows
05:42and to share their story in whatever way is possible.
05:44Really, to do the job effectively, you really have to learn...
05:47Inspired TV show, a journey in the darkness.
05:50John Douglas, the world's renowned for a biographical series...
05:53It was interesting talking with Anne about why her story had remained hidden.
06:08She didn't really want to take on the sort of cultural mystique
06:11like a bunch of the other agents had wanted to.
06:14She always had a behind-the-curtain quality,
06:20partly because of her own style of being not particularly self-promoting.
06:25Dr. Burgess has been doing this work with the BSU for over a decade now,
06:30and she's starting to rethink how she can best continue her pursuit
06:36of being in service to victims.
06:39Most of the agents that I had worked with had retired.
06:43I wanted to move on. I was ready to move on.
06:47It just seemed the right thing to do.
07:00Oh, the turkeys are here.
07:02I've got to feed them.
07:07I thought it was the right time.
07:09But I didn't know what I was going to do next.
07:13I had my own career, certainly in nursing, so that was all going on.
07:20As an academic, I had to be into new areas, write grants, get published.
07:28She has expressed that it felt a little like, let me step back, take a breath, examine my surroundings,
07:41and see in what other way can I put this work to use.
07:45One day, a defense attorney, called me and asked me if I had heard about this case out of Los Angeles.
08:03And I had not.
08:05And somebody tells me to go down to the local store and pick up a copy of People magazine.
08:10And I said, oh, this is now going to be my reading material on cases.
08:15I have heard of very few murders that were more savage than this one was.
08:31No signs of a break-in or a burglary.
08:34Only the bodies of entertainment executive Jose Menendez and his wife Kitty in the family TV room.
08:40Jose Menendez was shot five times.
08:43A fatal wound through the back of the head into the brain.
08:46His wife Kitty was unrecognizable.
08:49Four separate shots in the head and face, six in her arms, chest, hips, legs.
08:55Their sons, Eric and Lyle, said they found the bodies.
08:59But new evidence, ranging from records of the family psychologist to a movie script about a rich kid who kills his parents,
09:05now indicates the brothers did it.
09:08They killed their wealthy parents.
09:10Lyle and Eric Menendez were arraigned yesterday on charges.
09:13They murdered their parents to inherit a $14 million estate.
09:16It was a high-profile case, and I had never done a defense case before.
09:29The prosecution saying this was for money, it wasn't adding up.
09:39There had to be something else.
09:42So I agreed to go out, at least to meet with them.
10:00When I met with Eric, that was the first time that I was actually in the room with the killer.
10:07I'm looking at somebody that killed his mother and his father.
10:11He was likable.
10:15I mean, we could talk about sports and tennis and, you know, everything except the crime.
10:20I needed to know exactly what happened.
10:26And also to understand why they did it.
10:29I was wondering how he was going to be able to talk about it.
10:33And that's when I decided to use the drawings because that would give him something concrete to be able to focus on.
10:43He wouldn't have to be looking directly at me to talk about the situation.
10:47We spent a whole day on the drawings.
11:02This is the very first one that really gave me an inkling of part of the motive.
11:09The father looking very large compared to this little, teeny Eric.
11:15Eric wanted to go away to college.
11:17And the father said, no, you're not going to. You're going to come home.
11:20I want you home during the week to sleep here.
11:24It gave me an idea of how controlling the father was.
11:29That was the start of the week that escalated.
11:35Something happened that really set into motion that they had no other choice but to shotgun their parents.
11:46Based on the father, a very domineering person, I felt there's some abuse issue here.
11:54It could have been psychological. It could have been physical.
12:00There are a lot of these drawings that the father and the son are in Eric's bedroom,
12:05which I thought was a very unusual place.
12:10I used that as a way to say, what are the other kinds of things maybe that you could tell me that went on in the bedroom?
12:19You could see how hard it was for him to get it out.
12:30I knew it then. This was sexual abuse, which in itself is very difficult, but also was incest.
12:41He was somewhat stoic about it. It happened.
12:46The two brothers were very bonded, very, very caring of each other.
12:54Eric tells his older brother about the sexual assault.
12:59He told me Lyle was abused early, but the father had a preference for young boys.
13:09That's why Eric became the next victim.
13:15The mother didn't protect her sons.
13:20The abuse had now been exposed.
13:31Lyle confronts the father.
13:37The father was an executive in the music industry.
13:42An incest secret coming out would have ruined Jose.
13:48No question about it.
13:54The father was threatening them.
13:56You could just see them talking about how fearful they were then.
14:13And they felt that the parents were going to kill them.
14:17They were frantic. They felt it was imminent that something was going to happen to them.
14:37They had to act Sunday night.
14:39They felt it was offensive to others a bit.
14:45And thought they were anak-a-tabatic.
14:46That's not something was делать that something found on the other side.
14:49Every son was lost on the other side so he wanted to drive that out.
14:52they killed their parents absolutely no matter what the circumstances are that's still wrong
15:15but they certainly were abused i could sympathize with what they had to put up with
15:22and so i decided to testify for the defense
15:38one of the things that people always wonder about too is how ann could start working for the defense
15:42when she switched over to trial cases right off the bat she was challenged by fellow agents
15:48a lot of them said why are you standing up for the bad guys john douglas came up to her and said
15:55you're making the wrong choice agents always testify for prosecution so when he heard i was
16:04going to be on defense and the case that i was on i would say he was not happy
16:09the menendez case could ruin her reputation people could say this woman who was always for the good
16:21guys she's lost her way to me it was important in terms of getting the truth out about trauma and abuse
16:32this colleague of hers came up and said you can't defend these boys if you do other boys might start
16:43coming forward and talking about their sexual abuse too and she was like yeah that's the point
16:49this is the right thing to do
17:04a sensational murder trial opened today in california the defendants two brothers the victims
17:10their parents their defense self-defense legally neither lyle nor eric menendez can be found innocent
17:17they admit they killed their parents only their motives were at issue in the trial jurors will
17:21have to decide whether they were motivated by fear for their own lives or by greed if convicted of
17:26involuntary manslaughter they could go free with time served if convicted of first-degree murder it
17:32could mean the death penalty
17:37in the trial of people versus eric menendez the defense may call us next witness thank you your honor
17:44the defense calls dr ann burgess we just always swear that the death names will be the truth the whole
17:51truth and nothing but the truth to help the dog please take the stand and kick me i knew it was going
17:56to be an uphill battle this was not an easy case anne wolpert burgess before this there had been defenses
18:06built around victims abuse and fear but had only been used with wives who killed their husbands
18:14it had never been used with a male victim in the past she knew that it was a long shot
18:22after your 50 hours of the interview with eric menendez did you formulate an opinion as to whether or not
18:28he was sexually molested as a child i did and what is that opinion and my opinion was that he was
18:34literature suggests that it is more difficult particularly for an adolescent boy
18:39to admit a same-sex molestation yes it's much harder for an adolescent male yes
18:48that seems to be related to the mythology of male sexuality there is this belief that males regardless
18:55of age are supposed to be able to manage and to perhaps even enjoy any type of sexual activity and
19:02that they should not complain dealing with that last week leading up to the shootings have you
19:09determined critical factors that contributed to the occurrence of the shootings in this case yes i have
19:17eric's father's insistence that he continued to live at home which eric understands to mean that the
19:23sexual abuse will continue eric disclosure of his sexual abuse to lyle lyle's confrontation with the
19:31father prompting the father's threat to protect the secret at all costs the father always said one of
19:39the things that he could do is just wipe out the family and get a new one and start all over again
19:44now by wipeout he wasn't talking about killing them was he or was it well i don't think that that was ever
19:50made clear
19:55because the menendez trial has been available live on court tv millions of americans have watched it
20:01finding a live drama every bit as riveting as any soap opera expert witness claims the brothers were so
20:08traumatized by years of alleged abuse it actually changed the gray matter inside their head it's not
20:15my favorite thing to do is to go into court because all they want to do is discredit you
20:23it's a cross-exam can really be vicious prosecutor pambo zanich implied the brain change theory was about
20:31as credible as the research of dr frankenstein dr burgess did you tell the jury what suggestibility is
20:40suggestibility is a concept that says very young children in the questioning by therapists in some
20:48way conduct their interview so as to suggest to the child a response dr burgess do you know what cycle
20:57babble is well my reaction to that was um she doesn't get it she's never going to get it
21:10and i really felt that there were bullets coming at me not only from the prosecutor but certainly in the
21:15public arena that was hard
21:20there's no evidence that supports the abuse excuse all they have are doctors who listen to their story
21:26and basically say we believe them how was the jury manipulated in this case it's vigilante defense
21:34i'm sympathetic with the battered women syndrome in the real cases where there's no option to leave
21:40but when it's extended to apply to young mobile wealthy men like the menendez brothers raises grave
21:46dangers to the liberty of all americans hey break me my dad had been molesting me you see my father
21:55rape me i never believed any of the other tears i think what you're seeing here is a couple of
22:00spoiled brats can you tell the court who did murder your parents our other two brothers danny menendez
22:08and jose menendez jr lyle and eric menendez have told horrific stories of parental abuse
22:16which makes them either victims or calculating lions
22:19the public had wanted to see the menendez brothers as cold-blooded killers but in spite of the
22:27media pushback dr burgess coming into the courtroom and talking about abuse had cracked something open
22:36and just as she's done throughout her entire career the narrative around trauma started to shift
22:42it's a real interesting trial and i i want them to be acquitted if they were convicted i'd like to
22:49just see what what their side of the story is i got a lot of support from other victims
22:57people who never had talked about anything before and so it certainly gave the segment of our population
23:06a voice that i felt good about you may find eric and lyle menendez to be manipulative you may decide
23:14that they are credible and that their story strikes a sympathetic chord you can reach your own verdict
23:19about them
23:26the court did receive a note this morning from the
23:29the jury it states uh we regret to inform the court that we are unable to come to a unanimous decision
23:42on any of the three counts
23:59and we got a hung jury which i was pleased with we had at least put enough doubt into the jury
24:09i believe that they were raised in an abusive household i don't believe jose and kitty were
24:16planning on killing them that night at all but i do believe lyle and eric believe that and that's the
24:22difference her testimony had a huge impact on the menendez case going into it the media basically
24:32dismissed any chance that these brothers had of being acquitted but the case wasn't over
24:43the second trial i didn't testify because the judge would not allow any experts on abuse
24:52well i i was shocked it has been hell our whole theory of the defense which was a theory of
24:58of self-defense imperfect self-defense he refused to instruct on it the jury hadn't been allowed to
25:05hear the full truth of this story the impact was huge yesterday a los angeles jury found the brothers
25:13guilty of first-degree murder for killing their parents life without parole
25:22i felt sad for them
25:29and i still feel that life without the opportunity for parole is wrong
25:36this isn't something they were going to do again they were not serial killers what we did
25:41it was awful and i wish i could go back we will spend the rest of our life in prison
25:49but if i'm not if i'm not if we're not put in the same prison
25:53uh there's a good probability i will never see him again and and that
26:05that i some things that you cannot take and there's some things that you can endure
26:11uh with everything taken away it'll be the last you know it's the last thing you can take
26:20i think that when you take away any type of hope from someone i feel that's wrong
26:25that's right
26:39we heard the word menendez more than we heard other cases
26:44i found it interesting that my mom was working on such a public case
26:48there's always been a bit of her that does want to stay private and keep to her uh keep to herself
26:57but this was a situation where she saw things in a different light than everybody else
27:04dr burgess wasn't interested in being this spokesperson for her work
27:10working trial cases changed that
27:12her big takeaway with the menendez case was that she could get people to think differently about
27:19sexual trauma to change how people were thinking about victims
27:23ann burgess is a professor of psychiatric nursing at the university of pennsylvania
27:27she realized that she really wanted to be an advocate for victims she had to step out of the
27:32shadows when we talk with battered women one of the things that we notice is that it depends on
27:37the type of violence become more of a public personality and use that as a platform to
27:42leverage her work her voice and to leverage victims voices as well i felt i had the opportunity to
27:49influence a system i felt that that was so important so no matter what i had to put up with it was worth it
27:56i decided i was going to accept cases where i felt that i can make a difference
28:13i flew to boston to meet with dr burgess i didn't know a whole lot about her
28:20and at the time no one was listening
28:28no one wanted to know about america's dad there was no bringing down bill cosby ladies and gentlemen bill
28:36cosby dentists tell you not to pick your teeth then you sit in their chair
28:44you know jello pudding pops is a winner with all the soapbox racers i know it is a few minor adjustments
28:52bill cosby has entertained millions around the world while serving as an inspiration to all
28:58i had seen his tv shows i mean everybody knew bill cosby guy was a nobody and he was a somebody
29:07people are going to believe him they're not going to believe the sexual assault victim
29:14being believed really will determine how the survivor will ultimately
29:22heal i don't know whether this is true you don't know whether this is true difficult to decide do we
29:26even give a voice to allegations like this cosby's attorney called the case nonsense and labeled his
29:32accuser andrea constant a con artist district attorney has decided not to charge mr cosby and
29:37says he finds insufficient credible evidence mr cosby looks forward to moving on with his life
29:43of a victim that comes forward to report only one to two percent are going to see justice
29:49the criminal case was denied so a civil case was the only shot at justice that i had
29:55all the odds were stacked up against me and that's ultimately how i came to meet dr burgess
30:08he said she said are very difficult cases i was glad i was called on it
30:16we didn't have any rape kit or forensic evidence so in that respect it just was her word
30:25we were up against a lot of skepticism
30:34it was very important to get the details she had a job to do it was to try to pull things from my memory
30:47explain in your own words what happened
30:50i was the director of basketball operations at temple university i knew who bill cosby was i knew
31:00he was a pretty important man on campus i didn't have a reason to be scared of bill cosby
31:08after having a friendship with him for almost 18 months
31:11he invited me over to his home to talk about making a career change he was like he seemed really
31:20stressed about that and i said yeah you know i probably haven't slept a whole lot
31:26he just randomly got up excused himself from the table and he came down the stairs and he had three
31:35small blue pills in his hand and he said take these they'll help take the edge off
31:44after about a half an hour i started to see two bill cosby's across the table from me
31:49and he said well you probably just need to lay down you just need to have a sleep
31:54those are the last words that i remember
32:01she couldn't remember anything more this was not going to be easy we'd have a lot of missing
32:08pieces so i have to think is that anything that we can recover
32:16those are the kinds of questions that you try to get into and have her remember as much as she could
32:24even though you can't remember doesn't mean that it doesn't register you have to move to a different
32:31part of understanding memory because it does register you know it does register even if you're
32:37unconscious the body keeps score
32:43i remember passing out waking up i could feel that he had
32:51unzipped my pants i was completely paralyzed i was not able to scream
33:00it was the most horrifying thing in the world
33:09i had seen this technique used before especially with children they would give them drugs because then
33:14they could always say well you dreamt it this didn't really happen
33:20i gave tests to document the trauma that she had
33:25and back it up with some kind of scientific evidence
33:31what were you like before this happened how often does this come into your mind do you have
33:35any anxiety are you snappy more irritated how's your sleep
33:39she thought well i'll get over this but then it got worse and worse
33:44couldn't stay at the job she had to go back and live with her parents she broke up with her
33:49partner i felt that she had by this time chronic ptsd
33:54getting asked 300 questions about the way you're sleeping eating living loving i was able to understand
34:06what that one night had done to me
34:13the fact that i was hearing myself actually say
34:17what happened to me and acknowledge that i survived a trauma that was really critical
34:25she believed me
34:30i don't think there's any financial amount that
34:44a person can walk away from to just automatically make everything better
34:50i was just happy that i could move on because i really did want to move on i really did want to put it behind me
34:55this case certainly for me was one way to kind of go back to where we had started
35:08and we're now talking almost 30 years from when linda holmstrom and i started our rape study
35:16when she started doing her work there wasn't a culture of wanting to hold
35:21men accountable for their wrongdoings against women this girl is not the rape victim but according
35:28to the judge the way she's dressed illustrates another reason that boys rape girls there had been
35:34a lot of changes for women rape crisis center women in the workplace
35:42there was a cultural shift
35:44there was a cultural shift but we knew it wasn't enough
35:50sometimes you think you haven't made any progress but that's why it's important to keep fighting
36:09that's why it's important to keep fighting for women in the workplace
36:11dr burgess's work are those early ripples that led to the me too movement
36:18the story doesn't center around dr burgess but she's a huge part of that story
36:25i'm just glad that she's been able to see some of the fruits of her labor
36:32this is what dr burgess had been fighting for all along
36:35finally the culture was ready to believe victims
36:42women who had been traumatized and victimized years before were starting to come forward it
36:49happened to me too me too it happened to me too their stories flooded social media and painted a picture
36:55of just how many people endure sexual abuse and harassment every day
36:59the me too movement gave women an opportunity to be in control to be able to say this we aren't going to put up with this
37:16i was really so proud of the women for coming forward and demanding justice it was amazing
37:23and then because of the me too movement there's one more part to the cosby case
37:36the flood of allegations from women who say they were sexually assaulted by cosby
37:41i couldn't believe it he had drugged me waking up in a bed with mr cosby naked
37:48mr cosby is charged with aggravated indecent assault when me too happened that's what it took mr cosby did
37:57you drug that woman i never expected that i would get an opportunity to face my abuser in court 13
38:07years after an alleged sexual assault andrea constand walked into a packed courtroom to publicly tell her
38:13story she went in there and did a beautiful job testifying there has been a verdict the comedian
38:19now 80 has been found guilty on all counts it was a miracle see the justice system working for survivors
38:31the culture had really changed in 1970 i don't think you'd get a conviction against bill cosby
38:37andrea's case was very important in being able to identify a high-profile person and get justice there's a
38:48handful of people who played a big part in my surviving and dr burgess is one of those people
39:07i'm trying to think of how it all started i can remember vividly in uh on the serial killer study
39:19which was the stuff that my mom's done is so helpful that we'd love to see the work continue
39:25i think she'd be more than happy if someone would pick up the torch first couple topics are ones that
39:31are most prominent in their manifestos i'm working with my granddaughter to study the manifestos of
39:40mass shooters machine learning can find associations between words and patterns and phrases we can't get
39:48her enough data she said send me data she likes that that might be something that that would be of
39:55interest i believe that there is a parallel universe somewhere where dr burgess was never invited to
40:08speak at the fbi and it is a scary world profiling victimology behavioral psychology she had this really
40:18formative role in all these different realms it really shifted how the fbi functioned as an
40:24organization where other people just saw craziness she saw early on was that there were patterns
40:32once you kill another human being you'll never be the same beat off of this fear and with like a
40:38source of the ordinary person most of my life she said we've got significant data all of a sudden
40:45that turns into something that we can make sense of it there was no blueprint and she created the
40:51blueprint we'd like to look at the cases that have been profiled to see whether you know she's had to
40:57overcome the prejudice that male agents had but she was always going to have the last word on criminal
41:06behavior because she knew more than anybody in the room the impact of victimization on the family and
41:12the community so making things better for victims for survivors going through the legal system and she's
41:22spent her whole career breaking the barriers down simonas without hesitation pleaded guilty to all charges
41:31against him john jubert was arrested tonight by the task force the fbi is charging 28 year old brian
41:40dugan with the kidnap and murder of melissa ackerman it is time for people to recognize
41:48there is not an aspect of modern criminal psychology that has not been significantly impacted
41:56by dr burgess's work and it does matter that people know that
42:09how many cases are you working on a lot i don't know five times over a dozen yeah
42:18give you an idea of what we're trying to do on campus from academic nursing
42:32there were a lot of native women that were murdered in a lot oh yes we have a database now of over 3 000
42:39people it's a little bit different because we are hearing from an actual person who has lost someone and who
42:49it is an unsolved case
42:55where are we at with our data because we do need to talk about drafting or at least getting the outline
43:00for a paper there's always some more work to do no time to celebrate no keep going
43:20there's always a lot of videos on our website and we will check our pages in the description
43:24and we will see you next time
43:26in the description
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43:29subscribe to the channel
43:31and you can see
43:32subscribe to the channel
43:33and I'll see you next time
43:34at the beginning
43:35it is
43:36that
43:37it is
43:39you
43:41you
43:43you
43:45you
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