00:00Hola, soy Ana Cristina Olvera y les doy la bienvenida a este nuevo episodio de Iberoamérica en Órbita,
00:11el lugar donde exploramos el fascinante mundo de la ciencia y la tecnología espacial que está transformando nuestro futuro.
00:18Este programa es posible gracias a la colaboración y las plataformas de nuestros socios de AT.
00:23En el episodio de hoy viajamos más allá de los límites conocidos.
00:28Descubrimos cómo Honda ha desarrollado un cohete experimental reutilizable.
00:33Exploramos el trabajo de Matthew A. Mickens, científico de la NASA que cultiva alimentos en microgravedad para futuras misiones a la Luna y Marte.
00:42Y conversamos con Ken Ruffin, de la National Space Society, sobre cómo sus concursos de diseño de colonias espaciales inspiran a nuevas generaciones a soñar.
00:53Aprender y construir el futuro más allá de nuestro planeta.
00:57Estas en Iberoamérica en Órbita.
01:00Cuando hablamos de la compañía Honda, pensamos en autos confiables, motocicletas veloces y tecnología que ha transformado la movilidad en todo el mundo.
01:26Pero esta empresa japonesa, fundada en 1948 por Soichiro Honda, quiere ir más allá de las carreteras.
01:34Ahora incursiona en el espacio con un cohete experimental reutilizable, demostrando que su visión de futuro no tiene límites.
01:42Honda realizó con éxito la prueba de un cohete experimental reutilizable.
01:51Así lo informó el segundo mayor fabricante de autos de Japón, que busca expandirse al sector aeroespacial.
01:58La empresa destacó que es la primera vez que aterriza un cohete, después de alcanzar una altura de casi 300 metros.
02:04El cohete fue lanzado en la isla norteña de Hokkaido y forma parte de los planes de la empresa por desarrollar la capacidad tecnológica para efectuar un lanzamiento suborbital para 2029.
02:15El prototipo, de 6 metros de alto, aterrizó a solo 37 centímetros de su punto designado, tras un vuelo de 11 minutos.
02:25Honda indicó que espera que en los próximos años crezca la demanda de cohetes para lanzar satélites,
02:30ante las expectativas de un sistema de datos en el espacio exterior.
02:34Y agregó que en el futuro, los cohetes podrán ser utilizados para instalar herramientas de comunicación satelital
02:40y monitorear condiciones ambientales como el calentamiento global.
02:47El científico de la NASA, Matthew A. Mickens, experto en cultivo de alimentos en el espacio,
02:54investiga cómo la microgravedad impacta el crecimiento y la calidad de las plantas.
02:58Su trabajo busca garantizar la alimentación de futuras misiones a la Luna y Marte,
03:04mientras desarrolla soluciones que también pueden mejorar la agricultura sostenible aquí en la Tierra.
03:10I'm a plant scientist at NASA, and I look at plants all the time.
03:20I look at them everywhere I go because it's ingrained in me to do so.
03:24But it's a lot of fun, especially when I can fully understand what it is I'm eating.
03:30My name is Dr. Matthew A. Mickens.
03:41My title is Space Crop Production Project Scientist.
03:47I support the science required to ensure that our astronauts have fresh food
03:53during or while exploring environments where fresh food is not available.
04:00For instance, when we go to Mars, we're actually going to ship the food ahead of us.
04:05The food can be on the Martian surface for as long as five years before the astronauts even arrive.
04:11And it's already been scientifically shown that certain nutrients inside the packaged diet degrade over time.
04:19Microgreens have tons of nutrients and can be a supplement for the packaged diet.
04:25Any leafy green crop can be a micrograin.
04:28It's just basically you harvest it sooner.
04:30For instance, this is Garnet Giant mustard microgreens.
04:34These are six days old.
04:37And so the idea is that microgreens can be a crop for space because they grow quick,
04:42but also because it provides an assortment of options for astronauts.
04:48Plants and space crops can also be leveraged as a source of life support.
04:54They do transpire water vapor into the environment, and so we can actually reclaim that water.
05:00They also are a source of oxygen.
05:04And so at a high enough density, plants can be used to regenerate the atmosphere,
05:10either in a space transit vehicle or a surface habitat.
05:15It's hard to quantify, but there's a psychological benefit of having something green and fresh,
05:22growing in an environment that's harsh and unforgiving.
05:25And I believe that the astronauts could contest to this as well,
05:31is that having a piece of Earth with them on missions helps their psychological well-being
05:38so that it actually contributes to success.
05:42My expertise is light recipes using LEDs.
05:45I study how you can use the color of the light to impact not only the growth of the plant,
05:52but also the shape of the plant, how fast it grows, and even the flavor of the plant.
05:59All of these can be influenced by the ratios of the colors that you provide for it.
06:05The other technology I'm working on is this seed film technology.
06:11And this film is actually dissolvable in water, and so as soon as this gets wet,
06:16it activates the process of germination immediately.
06:20But not only that, but this is a safe way to handle seeds.
06:24You know, when there's no gravity, it keeps them all in one place.
06:27It's also a very good way for storing the seeds.
06:31And then, of course, the deployment on a substrate would be very simple for astronauts to utilize.
06:39When I got my undergrad bachelor's degree in environmental science, I was like, okay, what now?
06:45And it was actually my thesis advisor.
06:48He told me, he said, Matt, you can work at NASA if you want to.
06:54And I was like, really? I'm not trying to be an astronaut.
06:58He was like, you don't have to be.
06:59There's a whole host of other things that support astronauts.
07:03And that actually started my whole NASA journey.
07:07My path that led me to NASA started with my master's degree research and my first NASA grant,
07:13which was with the North Carolina Space Grant Consortium.
07:16When I was working on my PhD, I applied for another grant,
07:19and it sponsored a summer where I could actually choose any NASA center of my choosing
07:25for an internship experience.
07:28And so that summer experience is where I actually met the family at NASA that's in food production.
07:35And that kind of kick-started my role in controlled environment agriculture.
07:40And it was love at first sight.
07:41But my path to NASA was not straight at all.
07:47After the postdoc, actually, NASA did not choose to hire me,
07:51so I actually left for a little bit, went to the private industry sector.
07:55And that's usually the case with a lot of things that are worth obtaining in life.
08:00There are detours.
08:01There are closed doors.
08:02So in due time, the opportunity came open, and I was ready for it, and I took advantage.
08:08The advice that I would give to students who want to work at NASA.
08:14You can be cut out for anything that you have a passion for.
08:18Something that will make you want to wake up in the morning when you're, you know, you're tired.
08:24Find something that you like and go after it.
08:27Ken Ruffin es miembro de la Junta Directiva de la National Space Society,
08:32una organización internacional sin fines de lucro dedicada a inspirar y educar al público
08:37sobre el presente y futuro de la exploración espacial.
08:40En la entrevista, Ken nos cuenta cómo surgió esta sociedad,
08:44sus programas más destacados, como los concursos dirigidos a estudiantes
08:48para diseñar hábitats espaciales,
08:51y por qué es clave despertar la pasión por el espacio en todas las generaciones.
08:56My name is Ken Ruffin.
09:01I am on the board of directors of the National Space Society.
09:07That's a nonprofit organization for educational outreach about space.
09:14I am a space communicator who contracts with organizations within the space industry
09:22to inform audiences of the public about the present and future of space travel.
09:33The National Space Society is a nonprofit organization based in the United States,
09:39but it's actually an international organization.
09:43There are members all over the world.
09:46There are National Space Society.
09:47And the purpose being for educational outreach to inform the public about the latest information
09:55and the latest information and future of space travel.
09:59And people living and working in space in the future.
10:04As much as that might sound like science fiction,
10:07it's people have been living in space now on the International Space Station
10:12for almost 25 years.
10:15So it's already a fact of people living,
10:20different groups of people living and working continuously in space.
10:25The National Space Society really doesn't do projects.
10:29There's continuous outreach of providing information about space to the public
10:36through a variety of different means.
10:38And there are seven different contests.
10:41So the best way to find out if anyone is interested in participating in the contest
10:47is to go to the National Space Society website.
10:51Also, there's outreach through a quarterly magazine called Ad Astra,
10:58which is Latin for To the Stars.
11:00A quarterly magazine published by National Space Society
11:03and distributed to all National Space Society members.
11:07There's a bi-weekly newsletter that is distributed to all members.
11:14There's usually on Thursdays, maybe twice a month.
11:20There's a virtual panel discussion where someone is interviewed to discuss
11:28something ongoing in the space industry.
11:31And there are also the local chapters, dozens of local chapters across the United States
11:37and around the world, which within particular metropolitan areas,
11:43provide information to the public about space,
11:46usually at museums, planetariums, schools, libraries,
11:51and through other non-profit organizations as the guest speaker for other non-profits.
11:58Thank you very much.
12:28NX, Facebook, Instagram y Dailymotion.
12:31Yo soy Ana Cristina Olvera y nos vemos en el siguiente episodio
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