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What if someone told you that scientists have actually circled a date on the cosmic calendar—the supposed end of the world? Sounds like a movie plot, right? But new research is sparking heated debates, from climate collapse to the Sun’s ultimate burnout. Some say Earth’s future is written in the stars, others argue we’re writing it ourselves with every choice we make. Whether it’s far-off cosmic doom or near-term disasters, the question is chilling: how long do we really have? If you’re ready to stare straight at the future (and maybe question everything), you need to see this video. Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Transcript
00:00Tick-tock. No, not the app. A clock. You see, scientists already know the exact doomsday date.
00:07Tick-tock. The countdown has started. We only have 250. No, not years. Millions of years left
00:15on this beautiful planet we call Earth. Well, let me apologize first. I might have scared you
00:20with all these end-of-the-world things. You and I certainly won't live to witness it,
00:25but we already know when it will all go downhill and, most importantly, why.
00:30This 250 million years deadline is not precise. If we change our ways, humans can stick around for
00:37more or less, depending on what way we choose. Researchers ran some computer simulations
00:43and found that Earth might be left without any mammals if temperatures kept climbing to between
00:49104 and 158 degrees Fahrenheit. What's the culprit? Well, it's mainly our love for fossil fuels and the
00:57greenhouse gases we keep pumping into the atmosphere. It's easy to think that mass extinctions are a
01:03thing of the past, especially since the last big one wiped out dinosaurs 66 million years ago. But
01:09surprise! We're actually overdue for another one, and this time, it's all on us.
01:15Throughout Earth's history, there have been 5 mass extinctions, and it's been 66 million years since
01:21the last one. But this upcoming one is special. It's totally human-made. As Earth's tectonic plates
01:28shift over millions of years, they eventually come together to form supercontinents. This could lead
01:33to some pretty serious natural disasters, and, well, it might as well mean the end. Having one continent
01:40instead of seven is already pretty extreme, as it will totally make us rethink the way we live.
01:46Scientists said that a new supercontinent would create a trio of problems — the continentality
01:52effect. No, I didn't make that word up. A hotter sun and rising CO2 levels, resulting in a superhot planet.
02:00This would lead to tough living conditions for mammals with limited food and water. If temperatures hit
02:06104 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit — and maybe even more extreme fluctuations — humans and lots of other
02:13species would struggle to cope, since we can't shed heat effectively through sweating.
02:18Some experts believe the future looks pretty grim. CO2 levels could end up being double what they are
02:24now, and the sun's radiation could increase by about 2.5%. With the supercontinent likely to be in
02:31hot, humid tropics, much of the planet could be facing extreme heat. Finally, in about 250 million
02:38years, Earth is expected to morph into a doughnut shape with a big inland sea in the middle, leaving
02:44the Pacific Ocean to cover most of the surface. Honestly, no matter how well scientists crunch the
02:50numbers, they can't see the future — especially when it's this far out. But hey, those who ignore history
02:56are doomed to repeat it. So let's jump into the history of the five massive extinctions that have
03:02already happened. The late Ordovician mass extinction hit around 445 million years ago and was a huge deal
03:10for ocean life, wiping out up to 60% of marine species, including 85% of all marine creatures. Unlike
03:18other extinctions, it really didn't change ecosystems much. It had two main phases. First, the climate cool
03:25due to glaciation, causing sea levels to drop, and many marine animals to lose their homes,
03:31leading to new cold-water ecosystems. Then, when the ice melted, warming returned,
03:36but oxygen levels plummeted, creating toxic ocean spots. I know, it all sounds horrible,
03:43but let's see the results. The planet is still habitable, marine life is booming, and, by the way,
03:49there are even species — some hard-bodied arthropods like horseshoe crabs — that are still around.
03:55So, from our perspective, it feels like it wasn't a disaster so much as a step for further
04:00development of our planet. Bye, let's not make premature conclusions and take a look at the next
04:07mass extinction. The late Devonian extinction was a big deal in Earth's history, happening about 272
04:14million years ago. The main event during this time was called the Kelwasser event, which wiped out about
04:2019% of all family groups and half of all types of living things in the oceans. Another extinction,
04:27the Hangenberg event, occurred around 359 million years ago and marked the end of the Devonian period.
04:34This extinction wasn't just one event, but might have happened over a long time,
04:38possibly from 500,000 to 25 million years. Some scientists think that there were as many as seven
04:46separate extinction events during this period. By the late Devonian, plants and insects were
04:51starting to thrive on land, and oceans were filled with huge coral reefs. The continents were also
04:57moving together to form what we know as Pangea. Most of the creatures that disappeared were in the
05:03oceans, like brachiopods and trilobites, especially the ones that built reefs.
05:08The reasons for this extinction are still a mystery. Some ideas include changes in sea levels, lack of
05:14oxygen in the ocean, global cooling, or even volcanic activity. There's also a theory that a comet hit
05:21Earth. Interestingly, it seems that the loss of diversity came more from fewer new species forming
05:28rather than a spike of species dying out. During this extinction, oceans became low in oxygen,
05:35which helped preserve some organic material. This, along with the porous rocks from that time,
05:40made Devonian rocks a valuable source of oil, especially in places like Canada and the US,
05:46way before they became Canada and the US. So far, these terrible mass extinction events
05:53don't sound that bad. About 250 million years ago, there was a huge event called the Permian-Triassic
06:00Extinction, often called the Great Dying. It was probably the worst extinction event ever on Earth.
06:07During this time, a whopping 59% of all biological families and 83% of different kinds of living
06:14things disappeared. This included 81% of marine life and 70% of land animals. Even insects were hit hard.
06:24Scientists believe the main cause of this mass extinction was massive volcanic eruptions in what
06:29we now call the Siberian Traps. These eruptions released a ton of gases, like sulfur dioxide and
06:36carbon dioxide, which messed up the oceans and made it hard for many creatures to survive.
06:41The atmosphere's carbon dioxide levels skyrocketed, from about 400 parts per million to 2500 parts per
06:48million. Other possible reasons for this extinction include burning oil and coal during these eruptions,
06:56intense weather patterns like El Niño, and even a possible asteroid strike. All of these factors
07:02combine, creating a really tough environment for life on Earth at that time. Okay, this one seems
07:08serious. Let's proceed though, shall we? The Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, happening around 200
07:16million years ago, was a major wipeout of many species, both on land and in the ocean.
07:21In the oceans, between 23 to 34% of marine life vanished. On land, most reptiles, except for
07:29crocodiles, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs, those flying reptiles, went extinct. Some of the reptiles that
07:36went extinct were once very common. Luckily, plants, early mammals, and the groups that survived,
07:42like dinosaurs and pterosaurs, thrived and became the main animals for the next 135 million years.
07:49Scientists think this extinction might have been caused by huge volcanic eruptions,
07:54which released lots of carbon dioxide into the air. This led to global warming and made the oceans more
08:00acidic.
08:05that a lot of people can't happen.
08:10This life neredließ and the stars.
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08:19and here's the task which serves as well.
08:25there are fastening damage and a lot of bugs that have completely Sinceynia
08:28can user to be off contact and therefore we can.
08:30and you'll observe that.
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