- 4 weeks ago
Explore the biggest mysteries of our universe in this collection of mind-bending space stories. From a giant cosmic wall hiding at the edge of the observable universe to the largest planet ever discovered, these videos take you on a journey far beyond our solar system. Simple explanations, stunning visuals, and real scientific discoveries - perfect for anyone who loves space, whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned fan. Animation is created by Bright Side.
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Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
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Our Social Media:
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https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00You're traveling through deep space, circling stars and entire galaxies.
00:05Whoa, looks like this multicolored nebula will soon collapse under its own weight and explode like a supernova.
00:11Now let's carefully circle this black hole.
00:15Try not to get caught in its gravitational field, or it'll swallow you like a space monster.
00:20Hmm, wait, what's that strange structure right there?
00:23It's a glowing wall, and if you look closely, each glowing dot is an entire galaxy.
00:30That wall has about 100,000 of these galaxies.
00:34The Milky Way has 100 billion stars, so this wall holds a quadrillion, that's 10 followed by 15 zeros, of stars like our sun.
00:44This giant structure is called the South Pole Wall.
00:48It's located about 500 million light-years from Earth.
00:51By comparison, the closest star to our home is Proxima Centauri, and it's about 4.2 light-years away.
00:58Rockets can cover that distance in about 73,000 years, so the journey to the South Pole Wall may take longer than our solar system exists.
01:08And this wall is simply gigantic, even on a cosmic scale.
01:12It's about 1.37 billion light-years long.
01:16To give you an idea of how large that is, the Milky Way is only 100,000 light-years wide.
01:22But you can't see this wall, even with the most powerful telescope.
01:26The problem is that the Milky Way itself obstructs your view.
01:30It's so bright that it's hiding this wall.
01:33It's like trying to look at the starry sky in a metropolis.
01:36The light pollution won't let you do that.
01:38Scientists have been able to detect this galactic wall by measuring redshift.
01:44We know that all objects in the universe are moving.
01:47They spread out from each other as a result of the Big Bang, which happened billions of years ago.
01:52And when galaxies move, their light waves change slightly.
01:56By measuring this change, we can understand what the object is and how it moves.
02:01And this wall isn't even the largest in our universe.
02:04This is the Hercules-Corona-Borealis Great Wall.
02:07It's a giant, flat superstructure about 10 billion light-years wide.
02:12That's around 10% of the entire observable universe.
02:16And it's also a wall.
02:18That is, a cluster of galaxies.
02:20We were able to detect this giant structure by gamma-ray bursts.
02:25It's the brightest electromagnetic event in the universe.
02:28You could even see it in the far reaches of our universe.
02:31Such bursts are a very rare event.
02:33In the Milky Way, for example, it happens once every few million years.
02:38If we notice many such bursts in a short time from the same place,
02:42it means that there are many objects like the Milky Way in that place.
02:46So, there are a lot of galaxies out there.
02:49Another unusual giant structure in the universe is the huge, large quasar group.
02:54It's about 4 billion light-years across.
02:57So, it takes a photon of light almost as long as our planet has existed
03:01just to get from one side of the structure to the other.
03:04And if you put the huge, large quasar group on the scale,
03:08it would be 6.1 billion billion times heavier than our sun.
03:13Scientists have found that there are at least 73 quasars in that structure.
03:17These are some of the most unusual objects in the universe.
03:20They are the active cores of galaxies.
03:23At the center of a quasar is a supermassive black hole.
03:27This giant eats up the matter around it.
03:29A wild force of gravity twists the matter around the black hole,
03:33forming a disk.
03:35And this disk is the source of the strongest radiation out there.
03:38By comparison, the radiation from a single quasar
03:41is tens or hundreds of times stronger
03:43than that of all the stars in our galaxy put together.
03:46Because of such strong radiation,
03:49we can detect quasars even at very long distances.
03:52That's why they're also called beacons of the universe.
03:55Scientists use quasars to study the universe and the movement within it.
04:00One of the most distant quasars from us
04:02is about 13.1 billion light-years away.
04:05This makes it one of the oldest objects in the universe.
04:08It appeared about 690 million years after the Big Bang.
04:12And it's almost three times older than our solar system.
04:15It's still glowing with extreme brightness,
04:18about 4 and 14 zeros times brighter than the sun.
04:22Scientists explain that at the center of the giant
04:24is a supermassive black hole,
04:26800 million times heavier than the sun.
04:29All these giant structures are just building blocks of our universe.
04:33Look, this is our solar system.
04:35Now, zoom out a little,
04:36and this is where our home star is in the Milky Way galaxy.
04:40Zoom out again.
04:40Here's a local group of galaxies.
04:43All the bright spots here are galaxies.
04:45Here's Andromeda.
04:47And here's the Triangulum galaxy.
04:49Plus a few dozen other slightly smaller galaxies.
04:52They're all gravitationally connected.
04:55The size of this structure is about 10 million light-years.
04:58That's 100 times the width of our galaxy.
05:01Zoom out, please.
05:02This one is the Virgo supercluster.
05:05It's 20 times larger than the local group.
05:07There are about 30,000 different galaxies.
05:11And the mass of the whole thing is about 1 in 15 zeros solar masses.
05:16Zoom out again.
05:18Liniachia.
05:19This structure is almost three times larger.
05:21It includes the Virgo supercluster and other smaller clusters.
05:25And there are about 100,000 galaxies here.
05:28Huh, it's not over yet.
05:30Zoom out one more time.
05:32Here's the Pisces Cetus supercluster complex.
05:34This giant galactic structure contains about 60 clusters of galaxies.
05:40So there are more galaxies in it than grains of sand in the desert.
05:44You know what to do.
05:46Zoom out.
05:47Phew.
05:48This is the observable universe.
05:50There are over 500 billion galaxies.
05:53And the stars?
05:54Well, there are about 1 billion trillion stars.
05:58The observable universe has its own structure.
06:00Clusters of galaxies form chains and walls, as you've seen before.
06:05But these strands are separated by huge regions of absolute emptiness.
06:10These areas are called voids.
06:12In these places, there is no matter at all.
06:15There are fewer molecules in the voids than in an empty room.
06:19One of these voids has a very mystical reputation.
06:23It's the Aridonis supervoid, or the cold spot.
06:26It appeared here only 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
06:31It's almost 1 billion light-years wide, and could hold hundreds or thousands of galaxies
06:36with trillions of stars.
06:38Some scientists believe that this cold spot may have been the result of the largest collision ever.
06:44A collision of universes.
06:46There's a theory that our universe is some kind of bubble.
06:50A huge sphere that contains all these walls and chains of galaxies.
06:53Now imagine that there's an infinite number of these bubbles.
06:58They could be parallel worlds, or different universes.
07:01Many years ago, one bubble came close to the bubble of our universe.
07:05Their walls touched, and the two universes connected for a while.
07:09It's like two drops of water coming together.
07:12But that universe kept moving.
07:14The area where the bubbles joined became thinner and thinner,
07:17until that connection broke, and the two bubbles detached from each other.
07:21At this point, the second universe ripped some of the material out of our bubble.
07:27All those galaxies that used to fill the Aridonis supervoid ended up in a parallel universe.
07:33Scientists supposed we might travel through other bubbles.
07:36Flying to the supposed wall of our universe would take forever.
07:39And then it would take even longer to fly through inter-universal space.
07:44So we have to use portals, or wormholes.
07:47Here's how it works.
07:48Imagine a piece of paper with point A on one side, and point B on the other.
07:54Instead of moving all the way across the sheet of paper,
07:56we just fold the sheet, so that point A is right above point B.
08:01All that's left to do is make a small hole, and the journey takes only moments.
08:06Some scientists believe that such shortcuts through universes lie inside black holes.
08:11But how do you survive falling into a black hole?
08:14You just have to pick one that's big enough.
08:16It's all about gravity.
08:18Imagine you're falling into a black hole right now.
08:21The closer you get to it, the stronger effect it has on you.
08:25It intensifies with every inch.
08:27At one point, the gravitational force that affects your head is much stronger than the one that affects your feet.
08:34Then you turn into spaghetti.
08:35Yum!
08:36But if you choose a supermassive black hole, like the ones at the centers of galaxies,
08:41the gravitational force in them increases gradually.
08:44They can be millions of times heavier than the sun, and much bigger.
08:48But the gravitational force on your head and your feet will be almost equal,
08:52and you will still feel comfortable.
08:54Who knows?
08:55Maybe if you managed to survive a fall into such a massive black hole,
08:59you'd find yourself in a completely different universe where different laws of physics apply.
09:04But so far, this is just a theory.
09:10Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
09:14More than 1,300 Earths could fit inside this gas giant.
09:18It's also two and a half times more massive than all the other planets of the solar system combined.
09:26But if you think this is mind-boggling, I've got some great news for you.
09:31Very recently, a team of astronomers have discovered a much, much bigger planet
09:36with the help of the Subaru Telescope and the NASA Hubble Space Telescope.
09:41It's a Jupiter-like protoplanet orbiting a very young star, A.B. Orygi.
09:46The star is probably still forming and is no more than 5 million years old.
09:52For comparison, our sun is 4.6 billion years old.
09:57The young star is located at around 531 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Auraga.
10:05The star is shrouded in a thick, quickly moving layer of gas and dust.
10:10This disk feeds the growth of the star.
10:13Later, what's left of the disk will come together to form the elements of the planetary system.
10:19Planets. Dwarf planets. Comets. Asteroids. You name it.
10:25But back to the newly discovered planet.
10:27It's a gas giant whose mass equals that of 9 Jupiters.
10:31Can you imagine this colossus?
10:33It takes the planet, named A.B. Orygi b, almost 588 Earth-years to complete just one journey around its parent star.
10:44Maybe because it's 93.9 AU, astronomical units, away from it.
10:50Now, why is the discovery of this planet so amazing?
10:54Because according to astronomers, it's been forming in a very bizarre way, or should I say, is forming, since this gas giant is still in the process.
11:05Anyway, the unusual thing is that A.B. Orygi b is coming together as a result of a top-down gravitational collapse of giant clouds of gas.
11:15But scientists say that a much more common model of planetary formation is when dust and rocks gradually accumulate around some kind of core.
11:26This proves the idea that there are numerous ways for planets to form.
11:31It can also mean that there probably are very diverse planetary systems in our home Milky Way galaxy.
11:37But A.B. Orygi b isn't the largest exoplanet ever discovered.
11:44In 2005, astronomers spotted a mysterious space body.
11:50Later, they called it G.Q. Lupi b.
11:53The thing was orbiting a young star at a distance two and a half times greater than that between the Sun and Pluto.
12:00Scientists came to the conclusion that the object was either a planet or a brown dwarf, which is basically a tiny star.
12:10If astronomers decide that G.Q. Lupi b is a planet, it will be the largest ever found, with a radius that is three and a half times that of Jupiter.
12:19The biggest star we know about is called U.Y. Scuti.
12:25This hypergiant has a radius that is about 1,700 times greater than that of the Sun.
12:32If you somehow managed to place U.Y. Scuti in the center of the solar system, its edges would stretch far beyond Jupiter's orbit.
12:41As for the dust and gas streaming from the star, all this would extend beyond the orbit of Pluto.
12:47That's 400 times the Sun-Earth distance.
12:53A black hole is a spot in space where the pull of gravity is so strong that even light can't escape it.
13:00But why is gravity so powerful there?
13:03Because matter is squeezed into a teeny tiny space.
13:08Supermassive black holes, which can be many millions of times the mass of the Sun, tend to lurk in the centers of galaxies.
13:15The most massive black hole astronomers have discovered so far is TUN 618.
13:23Its mass is equal to that of 66 billion Suns!
13:28It was the year 2010.
13:32With the help of the Fermi telescope, astronomers spotted something ginormous.
13:36Something entering the Milky Way.
13:39Their discovery looked like massive blobs of matter that could only be observed in particular wavelengths of light.
13:46They were also about 25,000 light-years tall.
13:50Scientists think that the blobs, called Fermi bubbles, could be produced by our galaxy's central black hole.
13:59Space seems to be extremely deserted, but some places are even emptier than the rest, like Supervoid and Eratinus.
14:07Astronomers noticed this huge region of empty space in 2004.
14:12The area stretches 1.8 billion light-years across.
14:16It's mysteriously devoid of gas, dust, stars, and even dark matter.
14:22A nebula is a massive cloud of gas and dust floating in space.
14:30Some nebulae form when a star is nearing the end of its life and throws out loads of gas and dust.
14:37Others appear in regions where new stars are forming.
14:40The largest nebula we know about is the Tarantula Nebula.
14:46In its longest span, it measures over 1,800 light-years.
14:50This nebula, also known as 30 Doratus, is located around 170,000 light-years away from Earth.
15:00Unlike its namesake, the Tarantula isn't dangerous.
15:03Quite the opposite.
15:05It's a stellar nursery.
15:06Which means it's a region where tons of young stars are born.
15:12Even cooler, it's the most active star-forming area in our entire galactic neighborhood.
15:19In 2021, the biggest ever comet we know about entered our solar system.
15:26It was 85 miles across, and its icy nucleus was 50 times greater than the nucleus of the previous record-breaker.
15:34The intruder's mass was a whopping 100,000 times bigger than that of the average comet.
15:43In fact, see 2014 UN271, Bernardinelli-Bernstein, was so large that astronomers first classified it as a minor planet.
15:53Is it going to crash into Earth?
15:56Nah.
15:57It won't get closer than a billion miles to our beautiful green planet.
16:01And it won't happen until 2031.
16:04But could there be comets even bigger than that?
16:07Who knows?
16:08But the thought is terrifying.
16:10There are loads of bizarre things in the universe, and hypothetical nuclear pasta is one of them.
16:20If it does exist, nuclear pasta is the strongest material in the entire universe.
16:25It forms from the leftovers of extinguished stars when this substance gets squeezed into spaghetti-like tangles of material.
16:34It can theoretically break, but only if you apply 10 billion times the pressure needed to shatter steel.
16:41Pulsars are spherical space objects the size of a large city, but they pack more mass than the entire sun.
16:51They radiate two narrow beams of light, sending them in opposite directions.
16:57The Black Widow Pulsar, just like its spider namesake, is munching on its partner.
17:02It's a lightweight brown dwarf star.
17:06The more material the pulsar consumes, the more slowly it spins.
17:11The energy the neutron star is losing in the process causes its companion star to dwindle.
17:19Hamea is a dwarf planet orbiting the Kuiper Belt.
17:22It's a donut-shaped ring of objects around the sun that extends just beyond the orbit of Neptune.
17:28The mini-planet has a bizarre elongated shape and two moons.
17:36The day on this planet lasts just four hours, which makes it the fastest spinning large object in the solar system.
17:43But the most mysterious thing about Hamea is that the planet has a thin, 40-mile-wide ring circling it.
17:51What is it? Where did it come from? No one knows.
17:54It could be the result of a collision that happened in the distant past.
18:00The 18th brightest star in the night sky.
18:03Fumlhot is a terrifying sight.
18:05It's dubbed the Eye of Sauron because it looks like a ring of dust and debris circling it.
18:11It makes the star look like a giant eye staring into your soul.
18:15The intimidating star is more than twice the mass of the sun.
18:20It's 25 light-years away from Earth, which isn't that far away considering distances in space.
18:26Look at this butterfly.
18:29Its wingspan is more than three light-years.
18:32And the structure inside this nebula is one of the most complicated ever observed.
18:36The nebula's central star, a white dwarf, is heated to an incredible 450,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
18:45It means it was formed from another gargantuan star, more than five times the size of the sun.
18:52The white dwarf is surrounded by a thick disk of dust and gas at the equator.
18:57That's what probably makes the whole structure look like an hourglass or a butterfly.
19:03That's it for today.
19:07So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
19:12Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the bright side.
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