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Novel Seven - Level Flying Capacitor Based Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter Using Photovoltaic Energy Generation

Multilevel converters are the attractive solution for medium and high-power applications, especially for the renewable energy conversion. Developing high voltage rating converters of more than 6.6kV is a key goal for solar energy based industries. The maximum power capacity of the photovoltaic plants has highly increased over the past few years and it is expected to continue its growth over the next decade due to the increasing demand of renewable energy and distributed generation systems. This paper presents a sevenlevel active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter for the minimization of total harmonic distortion of voltage. The seven level active neutral point clamped converter is simulated using MATLAB software.

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76 views4 pages

Novel Seven - Level Flying Capacitor Based Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter Using Photovoltaic Energy Generation

Multilevel converters are the attractive solution for medium and high-power applications, especially for the renewable energy conversion. Developing high voltage rating converters of more than 6.6kV is a key goal for solar energy based industries. The maximum power capacity of the photovoltaic plants has highly increased over the past few years and it is expected to continue its growth over the next decade due to the increasing demand of renewable energy and distributed generation systems. This paper presents a sevenlevel active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter for the minimization of total harmonic distortion of voltage. The seven level active neutral point clamped converter is simulated using MATLAB software.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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International Journal of Engineering Research

Volume No.5, Issue No.3, pp : 207-210

ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
1 March. 2016

Novel Seven- Level Flying Capacitor based Active Neutral Point Clamped
Converter using Photovoltaic Energy Generation
D.Preethi, Dr.T.Porselvi
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University
Sri Sairam Engineering College, West Tambram, Chennai-600044,Tamilnadu,India.
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Multilevel converters are the attractive solution for


medium and high-power applications, especially for the
renewable energy conversion. Developing high voltage rating
converters of more than 6.6kV is a key goal for solar energy
based industries. The maximum power capacity of the
photovoltaic plants has highly increased over the past few
years and it is expected to continue its growth over the next
decade due to the increasing demand of renewable energy and
distributed generation systems. This paper presents a sevenlevel active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter for the
minimization of total harmonic distortion of voltage. The seven
level active neutral point clamped converter is simulated using
MATLAB software.
Keyword: Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC), Flying
Capacitor (FC), multilevel inverter, Photo Voltaic (PV)
systems, grid connected converters.
I. INTRODUCTION
Multilevel inverters are the important one which is
mainly needed in the power industry .It may be easier to produce
a high power and high voltage to control the voltage stresses in
their structure[i]. when the number of voltage levels in the
inverter is increased, then considerably power ratings can also
improved. Multilevel voltage source inverters allows them to
reach high voltages by increasing the levels and decreasing the
harmonics[ii].The main drawbacks in power electronic converter
are switching loss, harmonics and voltage stress in the switches
,which are overcome by the advanced multilevel inverters.
Although the multilevel inverters are initially introduced to
reduce the harmonic content, it is found that the DC bus voltages
could be increased beyond the voltage ratings of an individual
power device by the use of voltage clamping network consisting
of diodes[iv]. Multilevel inverters also improve the harmonic
performance greatly without having to resort to PWM
techniques.
The classic multilevel inverter topologies have serious
problems when the inverter is used to obtain five or more levels.
An NPC converter of more than three voltage levels has problem
in balancing the bus capacitor voltages even for a back-to-back
connection of capacitors. Many modulation techniques and
controls have been proposed to solve these kind of issues but it
has been proven that extra hardware components or special
modulating signals are required to balance the DC bus
capacitors voltage. The FC converters are usually limited to
IJER@2016

four levels of voltage due to the large size of the FCs . Finally,
the CHB need some isolation to transfer active power.
In this paper active neutral point clamped converter can
be discussed for five level and new seven level describes section
III.
II. CONVENTIONAL FC BASED FIVE- LEVEL
ANPC SYSTEM
The conventional five level active neutral point clamped
converter is the combination of three level ANPC and two level
FC cells. The phase leg of five level FC based active neutral
point clamped converter is shown in fig.2.The basic requirement
of FC based ANPC converter is to operate the outer switches
(S5,S6,S7 and S8) at the fundamental frequency of the output
voltage[vi]. The ve-level FC based ANPC converter consists
of eight switching states which generate the ve different voltage
levels at the output shown in Table 1. The voltage withstand
capacity of the outer switches is twice that of the S1,S2,S3 and
S4.
The voltage across FC should be maintained at Vdc which is
affected by the switching states by the switching states
V2,V3,V6 and V7. During the switching states V3 and V6 the
neutral point is connected to the load through the flying
capacitor. By utilizing these switching states, the neutral point
voltage can be controlled.
TABLE I
Switching States of Five level ANPC Converter

V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
V7
V8

S3

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

Sa1

Sa2

Voltage

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

-2Vdc
-Vdc
-Vdc
0
0
Vdc
Vdc
2Vdc

doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5s3/308

Page 207

International Journal of Engineering Research


Volume No.5, Issue No.3, pp : 207-210

ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
1 March. 2016
The seven level converter operates in two distinct half periods.
During positive half period upper DC link capacitor(c1) is
connected to a phase and during negative half period where the
lower DC link capacitor (c2) is used to be connected. During
these half-periods, the topology simplies to a four-level FC
converter [10] and for which the FC balancing requirements
can be identied [14]. The equivalent circuits for one phase of
the converter during the two half-periods of operation are given
in Fig.3.
To reduce the stress across the switches and to limit the losses in
the outer switches, fundamental frequency is used as switching
frequency.

Fig 1 : Phase leg of Five Level ANPC


The flying capacitor voltage can be controlled by the
controller techniques by SFO(switching Frequency optimal)
methods .
III. PROPOSED SEVEN- LEVEL ANPC CONVERTER
The circuit diagram for seven level FC based ANPC
converter is shown in fig 2. The seven-level ANPC converter is
the combination of two FC with a three-level ANPC converter
at the output side. Two flying capacitor voltages are kept at Vdc
and 2Vdc respectively to get the seven level output voltage. For
simplification, last capacitor is maintained at Vdc
.
At the same time two DC link capacitor voltages are maintained
at 3Vdc, the total voltage taken as 6Vdc. Switches Sc1, Sc2 and
Sc3 has to withstand the voltage equal to Vdc, where the outer
switch S1 need to withstand three times of this voltage due to
voltage stress.

(a) Positive half period

(b) negative half period

Fig 3: Equivalent circuit during Half period of operation

Fig 2 : Proposed Seven level ANPC


IJER@2016

This fundamental frequency operation on outer switch S1 limits


the operating states of the three level ANPC from six modes to
four modes and this is combination with the two states of the
two flying capacitor cells, total switching states of the converter
is sixteen for seven level FC based ANPC inverter. The
switching states are given in the table. The voltage levels of
2Vdc and Vdc can be designed with three different switching
combinations and the required switching states to acquire these
levels shows a way to balance the voltages across the neutral
point and FCs voltage. Two states will provide the zero voltage
state, due to its fundamental switching frequency at the outer

doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5s3/308

Page 208

International Journal of Engineering Research


Volume No.5, Issue No.3, pp : 207-210

ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
1 March. 2016

switches, it will provide the zero voltage level at positive (V9)


state and negative (V8) state of the waveform, respectively.
Flying Capacitors are based on selection of the proper
switching state to maintain both FC to their individual reference
values. It is important for the proper control operation of the
converter .Selection of switching cells used in the converter will
affect the FC voltage and the neutral point voltage (difference
between the lower and upper DC link capacitor voltages VC1 VC2). The proper voltage regulation of the converter can be
observed using simulation circuits. The tabulation consists of
various switching states to represent the voltage of different
states of various voltage levels .the upper levels are represented
using positive levels and the lower levels are represented by
their negative voltages.
TABLE 2
Sixteen switching states for seven level ANPC converter
Fig 4: 7L-ANPC simulation diagram
Sc3

Sc2

Sc1

V1
V2
V3
V4
V5
V6
V7
V8
V9
V10
V11

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
-3Vdc
-2Vdc
-2Vdc
-2Vdc
-Vdc
-Vdc
-Vdc
(-)0
(+)0
+Vdc
+Vdc

V12
V13
V14
V15
V16

1
1
1
1
1

0
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
1

+Vdc
+2Vdc
+2Vdc
+2Vdc
+3Vdc

60

40

20
output voltage

S1

-20

-40

-60

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02
Time

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04

Fig 5 : Output voltages

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS


Simulation results can be depicted using MATLAB
simulation software. The Fig.4 shows the 7L-ANPC simulation
circuit. Fig 5 shows the output voltage waveform of 7L-ANPC
and Fig 6 shows the THD value of 7L-ANPC under the
harmonic analysis of fast fourier transform and THD value is
around 21%. The THD value has been improved from its
conventional method .

Fig 6: Harmonic Analysis


TABLE 3
Simulation results of seven level inverter
IJER@2016

doi : 10.17950/ijer/v5s3/308

Page 209

International Journal of Engineering Research


Volume No.5, Issue No.3, pp : 207-210

THD
Switches
Sources
Switching
states

7 level ANPC
21%
10
1
16

V. CONCLUSION
From this paper conventional 5 level FC-ANPC and
proposed seven level FC-ANPC systems are discussed, and their
harmonic values are compared. Total Harmonic Distortion for
five level inverter output is 29% and THD value of seven level
inverter is 21%. From this result, by increasing the number of
level in the ANPC system will reduce the THD value.
Simulation is simulated with MATLAB 12.0 and results are
verified. Table 3 shows the simulation results of seven level
ANPC system.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to my project guide and my Institution for their
valuable support and suggestions during my project work.
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