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PSB 3441 CH 1 Hallucinogens

This document discusses different classes of hallucinogenic drugs: 1) Serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin which produce vivid visual hallucinations by binding to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. 2) Methylated amphetamines like MDA and MDMA which alter mood and consciousness without sensory changes by acting on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. 3) Anticholinergic hallucinogens like atropine and scopolamine found in plants which produce a dream-like state by antagonizing muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. 4) Dissociative anesthetics like PCP and ketamine which can induce surgical

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99 views2 pages

PSB 3441 CH 1 Hallucinogens

This document discusses different classes of hallucinogenic drugs: 1) Serotonergic hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin which produce vivid visual hallucinations by binding to serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. 2) Methylated amphetamines like MDA and MDMA which alter mood and consciousness without sensory changes by acting on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. 3) Anticholinergic hallucinogens like atropine and scopolamine found in plants which produce a dream-like state by antagonizing muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. 4) Dissociative anesthetics like PCP and ketamine which can induce surgical

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Psb 3441 ch 1 Hallucinogens:

-some researchers have used the term psychotomimetics b/c of


the belief that these drugs mimic the symptoms of functional
psychoses like schizophrenia
-during the 1960s, advocates of hallucinogen refer to them as
psychedelics, a term coined by one of the early LSD
experimenters, Humphry Osmond
-hallucinogens exert profound effects on mood, thinking
processes, and physiological processes too
-more than 90 different species of plants and many more
synthetic agents can produce these effects
1. Serotonergic hallucinogens- class of drugs that includes
-Lsd and drugs with similar effects and mechanisms of action
-includes the synthetic compound lysergic acid diethylamide
(LSD) and related drugs like mescaline (from the peyote cactus)
and psilocybin (from certain mushrooms)
-these drugs all produce vivid visual hallucinations and a variety
of other effects on consciousness
-these drugs also have in common the action of influencing
serotonergic transmission in the brain
-drugs in this group all seem to bind to a particular subtype of
serotonin receptor referred to as the 5-HT 2A receptor, and
activation of these receptors is thought to be the key factor in
producing visual hallucinations
2. Methylated amphetamines- a class of drugs including MDA and
MDMA (ecstasy)
-are structurally related to amphetamine (as in mescaline)
-MDA and MDMA produce alterations in mood and consciousness
with little or no sensory change

-these drugs act on dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin


synapses, like amphetamine and cocaine
-their effects are most potent on the serotonergic system
-they do not bind selectively to 5-HT 2A receptor, and this is
thought to be the basis of their difference from the LSD-like
hallucinogens
3. Anticholinergic hallucinogens- a class of drugs including
atrophine and scopolamine
-found in plants such as mandrake, henbane, belladonna, and
jimsonweed
-these drugs produce a dream-like trance in which users from
which they awaken with little or no memory of the experience
-the drugs in this class are antagonists of a subtype of
acetylcholine receptors called muscarinic receptors
4. dissociative anesthetics- a class of drugs including PCP and
ketamine
-includes phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) and the related
compound ketamine
-they have the ability to produce surgical anesthesia while an
individual remains at least semiconscious
-are thought to act through a receptor that influences activity of
the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate
-one of the most widely used hallucinogens in recent years is
salvinorin A, a chemical found in a plant in the sage family (Salvia
divinorum) and often referred to as diviners sage or just salvia

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