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SALK INSTITUTE Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit

F 0R BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
June 27, 2008
 000002

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies

C o a s t a l D e v e l o p m e n t P e r m i t / S i t e Development Permit

La Jolla, California
January 19th, 2007
Revised June 27th, 2008

Architect Civil Engineering Landscape Architect Environmental Planning

NBBJ Latitude 33 Engineering The Office of Helix Environmental
and Planning James Burnett Planning, Inc.

Graphic Design Code Analysis Land Use Attorney

/ Deborah Nichols Design Davis Davis Architects Sheppard
3ard Mullin Richter
Rid +
Hampton LLP
CO 0003

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION
Campus Master Plan Goals and Proposed Facilities

2 PRIOR CITY APPROVALS

3 INSTITUTE TODAY
Boundaries, Existing Buildings and Parking
Gross Square Footage Inventory

4 PROPOSED ARCHITECTURAL BUILD-OUT

A. North Lawn Core Facility and Equipment Shops
B. Torrey East Building and Underground Parking
C. Salk Community Center and Underground Parking
D. Greenhouses
E. Campus-wide improvements
F. Secretary of Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation

5 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

A. General
B. Site Guidelines
C. View Corridors and Vistas
D. Building Guidelines
E. Materiality
F. Service, Loading, Storage and Equipment Areas
G. Walls and Fencing
H. Signage
I. Outdoor Lighting
J. Greenhouse Facility

6 LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDELINES

A. Existing Landscape Characteristics
B. Landscape Objectives
C. Key Landscaped Areas
, D. Landscape Standards
E. Plant Palette and Brush Management
F. Landscape Maintenance

7 PHASING

8 PERMIT IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDICES

9 PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEY

10 SIGN PLAN

11 HISTORIC RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT AND HISTORIC LANDSCAPE

ANALYSIS
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0005

1. INTRODUCTION

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies was founded in 1963 by Dr. Jonas Salk and The March
of Dimes. Dr. Salk and Architect Louis I. Kahn set forth the internationally-renowned
architecture and planning of the site, which was donated under a referendum in 1959 by the
people of San Diego, California.

The 1961 Master Plan by Louis I. Kahn was inspired by Dr. Jonas Salk's concept of a scientific
institution that recognized the forthcoming ethical dilemma posed by recent discoveries in
biology. In his 1959 book, The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution, CP. Snow argued
that scientists and humanists know little, if anything, about the other and that communication is
difficult, if not impossible, between them. In response, Dr. Salk proposed that the new Institute
for Biological Studies be a center of world-class science and a setting where scientists and
humanists could leam to understand one another. He envisioned three main components to the
Master Plan: the Laboratories, the MeetingCenter, and the Quarters for Visiting Fellows.

Over the next four decades, the main components of the Kahn-Salk Master Plan (Laboratories
and the East Building with Conference Center) have been completed in response to the
establishment of the Institute as a premier basic science research center. During this time,
significant advancements in science, research methodologies and community growth have
created a demand for additional.facilities to accommodate new technologies and research
programs at the Institute.

Concurrent with the internationally recognized achievements in Science, the Institute has
received worldwide Architectural acclaim. The original building and Court, which was completed
in 1965, was designated Historic Site Number 304 by the City of San Diego Historical Site
Board's Resolution Number R-910-2272 in 1991. In 2005, the State of California's Historic
Resource Commission supported the National Register nomination petition finding that the
entire parcel is historically significant. This petition is being revised as directed by the State
Historic Resource Commission and will then be forwarded to the Keeper of the National
Register for its detennination that the site is eligible for listing on the National Register. In 1992,
the Institute received the American Institute of Architects' U25-Year Award". In 2002, the
Institute was featured in "Structures of Our Time: 31 Buildings That Changed Modern Life".

The'CampusMaster Pianthatembodies these'Design Guidelines and'therelated-discretionary-

permits, including the amendment to the existing Conditional Use Permit and the Coastal
Development Permit as well as the new Site Development Permit (collectively, Development
Pennits), is the first and only update since the 1961 Plan. The circumstances that informed the
original plan have changed dramatically in the intervening decades. The property boundary was
adjusted by the City in 1985, with the City acquiring 2.5 acres from the west end of the south
peninsula, and giving the Institute 2.5 acres along the south edge ofthe north peninsula.
Internally, space for scientific research relies heavily on sharing expensive equipment, the ratio
of lab to support space has changed from 1:1 to 1:2, and researchers are collaborating
strategically across disciplines. Externally, the Institute was originally built as a self-supporting
oasis. Today, it is surrounded primarily by the University of California, with whom it has a strong
relationship. Residential development occurs along the South edge ofthe property.

This Development Permit application provides a means by which the balance ofthe build-out of
the Salk Institute property can be managed. These Design Guidelines and the Site Drawings
have been prepared in accordance with the San Diego Land Development Code and the
University Community Plan. The intent is to outline future project requirements to meet stated

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planning goals and be compatible with the adjacent surroundings. Included are guidelines for
the preparation and submittal of detailed plans for review and approval by the City of San Diego
for grading and building permit applications for all future development on the property.

A Vesting Tentative Map which proposes to subdivide the existing single parcel of land into four
new parcels is included in the Development Permit appiication forthe Master Plan. This
subdivision is intended to facilitate financing for the phased buildout of the various building
projects in the Master Plan. The historic designation of the property by the City, State and
Federal agencies shall apply to all new parcels created by the subdivision of the property.

In addition, a deviation from the 30 foot height limit in the RS-1-7 residential zone [SDMC Table
131-04D, and SDMC 131.0444(b)] is included for the Salk Community Center building. This
building, and all others proposed in the Master Plan will comply with the City's Coastal Height
Limit overlay zone requirements (SDMC 132.0505).

These Design Guidelines are intended to guide and regulate all future deveiopment on the
Institute's property. Development ofthe proposed Torrey East Building and Underground
Parking, North Lawn Core Facility and Equipment Shops will be consistent with these Design
Guidelines and the information reflected on the Coastal Development Permit/Site Development
Drawings. The development of the Greenhouses, the Salk Community Center and the
Underground Parking will be consistent with the design criteria included in these Design
Guidelines and will be subject to further review through the City's Substantial Conformance
Review process.

Development of the project is also subject to review by the City's Historic Resource Board
(HRB). The HRB is responsible for determining a projects consistency with the Secretary of
Interiors Standards for Rehabilitation (Department of Interior regulations, 36 CFR 67). These
standards pertain to historic buildings of all materials, construction types, sizes, and
occupancy and encompass the exterior and the interior, related landscape features and the
building's site and environment as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction.
The Secretary of Interior Standards are to be applied to specific rehabilitation projects in a
reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility

Rehabilitation Standard 1: A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a
new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics ofthe building and its
site and environment.

Rehabilitation Standard 2: The historic character of a property shall be retained and

preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that
characterize a property shall be avoided.

Rehabilitation Standard 3: Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its

time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as
adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be
undertaken.

Rehabilitation Standard 4: Most properties change over time; those changes that have
acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved.

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Rehabilitation Standard 5: Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or

examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved.

Rehabilitation Standard 6: Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than

replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature,
the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and,
where possible, materials. Repiacement of missing features shall be substantiated by
documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence.

Rehabilitation Standard 7: Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that

cause damage to historic materials shal! not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if
appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

Rehabilitation Standard 8: Significant archeological resources affected by a project shal! be

protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be
undertaken.

Rehabilitation Standard 9; New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction

shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be
differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and
architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

Rehabilitation Standard 10: New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be
undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of
the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Campus Master Plan Goals and Proposed Facilities

The Campus Master Plan update will allow the Institute to respond to the changing needs of
science and plan for the scientific and support facilities that are needed to attract the top
scientists of the world.

The goals ofthe Campus Master Plan update are to provide the following:
Modest growth of 15% of research programs, laboratory space and related staff

Flexible facilities to house emerging technologies and specialized equipment

Centralized facilities on campus to house all Institute support departments and

personnel

Additional and improved support services for Institute staff

Campus-wide improvements to the physical environment

Preservation and enhancement of the site's remaining undeveloped natural

resources once the Campus Master Plan build-out is completed

Protect and preserve the architecturally significant buildings and historically

significant site features.

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Removal of all temporary buildings

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Proposed development in the Campus Master Plan update includes:
Core Facility to house specialized equipment, Mechanical Room, and Equipment

Shops to house current facilities in temporary buildings

Salk Community Center housing administration, meeting rooms, dining facilities,

storage, etc.

Torrey East Laboratory Buiiding

Greenhouse Facility

Underground Parking (majority)

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r 2. PRIOR CITY APPROVALS

In 1961, Jonas Salk and Louis Kahn obtained the City of San Diego s approval of
Conditional Use Permit 3841 for the construction of several buildings and features on the
property. Since that initial approval, the City has approved several amendments to CUP
3841, and in 1991, approved Coastal Development Permit 90-1140 as an amendment to
CUP 3841. CDP 90-1140 allowed the Institute to build the East Building complex and
required the Institute to provide one parking space per 500 square feet of gross building
space.

In 1986, the City Planning Commission approved the University Community Plan prepared
by the City of San Diego Planning Department and the University Community Planning
Group. The Plan was adopted by the San Diego City Council on July 7,1987.

Facilities which have been approved and constructed indude the North and South wings of
the original building, the East Building (North and South wings), the West Buildings, the
Accessory Building and the South Lawn Animal Facility.

A summary of the prior City approvals affecting the Salk Institute property is
presented below:

Community Plan Density

The University Community Pian allocates 500,000 s.f. for Scientific Research
building space to Salk s 26.34 gross acre property. (Table 3, titled Land Use
and Development Intensity)

CUP-3841, 3-3-61

Allows for development ofthe Institute s property in general conformance to

uses shown on Exhibit A including:

1. Meeting center on northwest comer of property consists of

meeting rooms, library, dining, recreation, Directors and guest
quarters.

2. Research and study area consisting of medical research

laboratories, studies, library and administrative buildings located in
the central portion of the property.

3. Residential Quarters for Visiting Fellows in the southwest comer of

the site.

4. Areas reserved for future development on the balance of the

property.

5. Various parking areas totaling 1 space per employee located

throughout the site.

6. Building heights limited to 393 City datum.

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Amendment to CUP 3841, dated 9-13-61

Extended time to commence construction to March 13,1962.

Amendment to CUP 3841, dated 8-15-62

Amended building heights to allow buildings to be built up to elevation 420

City datum.

Amendment to CUP 3841, dated 7-17-63

Extended time to complete initial phase of development.

Amendment to CUP 3841, dated 5-19-65

Required landscape plan submitted to Planning Director prior to occupancy.

CUP 85-0589 (Amendment to CUP 3841) dated 11-08-85

Effectuates a land exchange between the City of San Diego and the Salk
Institute. All other Conditions of Approval for CUP 3841 remain intacL

Coastal Development Permit (CDP)/Hillside Review/CUP 90-1140 (Amendment

to CUP 3841) dated 5-30-91.

Approves a 113,565 s.f. East Building.

Requires an additional 160 parking spaces (ratio of 1 space per 500 s.f.
building area specified).

References Exhibit A dated 5-30-91.

Substantial Conformance Review (SCR) dated May 8,1998.

Approves construction of underground South Lawn Animal Facility and

confirms 580 parking spaces required at 1 space/500 s.f. (Sheet 2 of 3) and
that basement square footage does not affect F.A.R.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 2. Prior Crty Approvals, Page 2
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r 3. THE INSTITUTE TODAY

Boundaries
The south side ofthe property is bordered by a residential development and the private
Salk institute Road; the west side is bordered by city-owned open space; the east side is
bordered by North Torrey Pines Road; and the north side of the property is bound by
Torrey Pines Scenic Drive.

Existing Buildings
The Institute is housed in three physical spaces: several temporary buildings to the west
ofthe original building, the original building completed in 1965 and expanded to house
research facilities in 1978 and 2001, andthe East Building completed in 1995. These
spaces total 289,818 gross square feet. Once the temporary buildings are removed, the
total of existing gross floor area on site will total 260,818. (Reference Gross Square
Footage Inventory on page 2 ofthis section).

Parking
A total of 604 surface parking spaces are currently provided on campus. This number -
exceeds the minimum requirement under CDP 90-1140 (Amendment to CUP 3841)
dated 5-30-91 (1 space per 500 square feet of building area = 580 spaces).

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GROSS SQUARE FOOTAGE INVENTORY

EXISTING Gross Floor Area:

NORTH BUILDING ft) 73,000 s.f.
SOUTH BUILDING ft 85,000 s.f.
EAST BUILDING 102,800 s.f.
(NORTH AND SOUTH WINGS) (1)
WEST BUILDING ft 20,000 s.f.
ACCESSORY BUILDING (1) 9,000 s.f.
SOUTH LAWN ANIMAL FACILITY^ Os.f.
Total: 289,800 s.f.
EXISTING BUILDINGS TO BE DEMOLISHED
WEST BUILDINGS (17) 20,000 s.f.
ACCESSORY BUILDING (17) .9,000 s.f.
NET TOTAL EXISTING BUILDING GROSS FLOOR AREA: 260,800 s.f.
Existing Parking 604 spaces
Parking Required ft 580 spaces

PROPOSED Gross Floor Area:

NORTH LAWN CORE FACILITY (3), (7) Os.f.
EQUIPMENT SHOPS AND MECHANICAL ROOM (3), (7) Os.f.
- Os.f.
- Os.f.
TORREY EAST LABORATORY BUILDING 94,200 s.f.
{NORTH AND SOUTH WINGS) (5), (7)
SALK COMMUNITY CENTER (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) 117,000 s.f.

NORTH PENINSULA UNDERGROUND PARKING (3), (5)} (7) Os.f.

NORTH PENINSULA UNDERGROUND PARKING Os.f.
ELEVATOR CORES (3), (7)
GREENHOUSES 4,000 s.f.
Total: 215,200 s.f.
TOTAL PROPOSED GROSS FLOOR AREA: 476,000 s.f.
Proposed Parking (Underground) ft, (12), (15), (16)
North Peninsula Underground Parking Structure 578 (75 carpool spaces)
Torrey East Underground Parking Structure 486 (75 carpool spaces)
Total: 1,064 spaces (21 accessible. 3 of
these are van accessible)

Existing Parking (Surface) ft 22 spaces (2 accessible, 2 of these are

van accessible)
TOTAL PARKING PROVIDED: 1,086 spaces
Parking Required (1), (17) 1,046 spaces
Proposed Bicycle Parking (13) 25 spaces (existing)
Proposed Motorcycle Parking (14) 39 spaces

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General Note;
The square footages ofthe proposed buildings and uses within each building listed in
this table are provided to illustrate an example of how the project could be built out to the
500,000 square foot of scientific research density. Building square footages may vary,
and respective use of each buiiding may vary depending on the Institute's needs,
however the 500,000 square foot total will not be exceeded.

Footnotes:
(1) Per CDP 90 -1140 (Amended CUP 3841). 290,000 SF @ 1SP/500SF=580
Parking Spaces
(2) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 101.0101.25 and 101.0101.68*
as noted on Animal Facility Substantial Conformance Review, dated May 8,1998.
(*References updated in recent LDC published editions).
(3) Per LDC, Section 113.0234.
(4) Not used.
(5) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 113.0261, Underground Parking
Structures and Basements.
(6) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 113.0231, Determining Proposed
Grade
(7) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 113.0234, Calculating Gross
Floor Area
(8) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 113.0228, Determining Existing
Grade
(9) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Sections 113.0270, Measuring Structure
Height
(10) Per City of San Diego Building Newsletter 2-2, January 1996, Determination of
Building Height, Proposition UD"
(11) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code, Chapter 14 General Regulations -
Article 2: General Development Regulations; Division 5: Parking Regulations
(12) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Section 142.0530 (d), Carpool Spaces
(13) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Section 142.0530 (e), Bicycle Facilities
(14) Per City of San Diego Municipal Code Section 142.0530 (g), Motorcycle Parking
(15) Per California Disabled Accessibility Guidebook Section 1129.B.1 (5) (a),
Number of Standard Accessible parking spaces
(16) Per California Disabled Accessibility Guidebook Section 1129.B.4.2 (5) (b),
Number of Van Accessible parking spaces
(17) Temporary buildings to be demolished.
(18) Not used.

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( 4. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURAL BUILD-OUT

The University Community Plan allocates 500,000 square feet of Scientific Research use to
the 26.34 acre Salk Institute property (Table 3, Land Use and Development Intensity ).
This site is located in the Coastal Zone and Coastal Height Limit Overlay Zone, resulting in a
maximum permitted building height of 30 feet for all buildings as determined based on
current Uniform Building code provisions and City s Coastal Height Overlay Zone provisions.

A. NORTH LAWN CORE FACILITY, MECHANICAL ROOM AND EQUIPMENT SHOPS

The Institute is committed to maintaining its leadership in Research. This leadership wilf be
realized through increased support of current and evolving scientific research programs by
providing access to technology in centralized, flexible facilities housing emerging
technologies and specialized equipment. Equipment currently housed in the temporary
buildings at other specialized laboratory spaces will be centralized and relocated to these
facilities.

The North Lawn Core Facilitv is planned under the North Lawn, concurrent with the location
reserved by Exhibit A in CUP 90-1140. The facility is designed in a manner similar to the
underground South Lawn Animal Facility completed in 2001 and as such will not contribute
to gross area calculation. It will include a series of lightwells on the north side of the existing
walkway.. The scale of these will resemble the existing light wells along the existing North
Laboratory Tower and will bring natural light to the lower level. Their materiality, however,
will be differentiated from that of the existing planters in order to comply with the Secretary
of Interior Standards for Rehabilitation. As proposed, the Lawn above will continue as a
recreation area for the Institute, thereby maximizing the view of the North Laboratory Tower
from Torrey Pines Scenic Drive.

The Equipment Shops are planned underground and adjacent to the Mechanical Room east
of the North Lawn Core Facility. This area will provide sufficient space to house a variety of
maintenance equipment, supplies, tools and workshop area, currently housed in temporary
buildings. A lightwell will provide natural light to the work spaces as well as access for
delivery of oversize equipmenL

An underground Mechanical Room will serve the Core Facility and Equipment Shops. The
central location of this mechanical room allows for an efficient and discreet layout of air
intake and exhaust ductwork for both facilities. First, air intake will be provided via the
western proposed lightwell. Second, air exhaust will be routed underground connecting with
the existing mechanical shaft of the North Laboratory Tower. Screening for the vertical run
of ductwork will be provided as an exact replica of the existing screening at the South
Laboratory Tower. (Refer to Design Guidelines, Section 5).

B. TORREY EAST BUILDING AND UNDERGROUND PARKING

The Institute conducted a space allocation survey in 2004 and concluded that the laboratory
space at the Institute is currently operating at 200% ofthe capacity planned in the original
master plan. There is a critical need to expand the laboratory facilities to provide for
adequate research as funding becomes available.

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The Torrey East Laboratory Building is planned furthest east on the property, between the
East Building and Torrey Pines Road. Future development on this site is identified on Exhibit
A in CDP 90-1140 dated 5-30-91. A primary, landscaped driveway access for vehicular
and pedestrian traffic will remain between North Torrey Pines Road and Salk Institute Road
and two levels of underground parking are planned. Planting will surround the perimeter of
the building, including the parking ramps and loading dock area.

The physical character ofthe Torrey East Building will be defined by a challenge to reinvent
a "timeless architecture" through the exploration of new and available technologies. Its
program will include two levels of research and support spaces, meeting places, a main
entrance to the Institute, and access to below-grade parking.

The ground leve! of the building will include a central, reception area in a double-height
atrium space. Views to the existing Court will be facilitated by a full-height glass enclosure
facing west. Areas north and south ofthe entry/reception area will be organized as open
plan laboratory and office spaces, with shared, cored areas along the central spine.

C. SALK COMMUNITY CENTER AND NORTH PENINSULA UNDERGROUND

PARKING

The Institute is committed to creating and maintaining supportive services and social
opportunities. Centralization on campus of all operational and administrative support
departments, induding those currently off-campus, will result in a more efficient operational
environment and foster the interactive relationships of staff with the affairs of the Institute,
which is characteristic of the Institute.

The Salk Communitv Center realizes the vision originally studied by Louis I. Kahn and Dr.
Salk. As such, it will be a building that will occupy the western, buildable area of the north
peninsula. It will provide offices for Institute administration, dining facilities and other
support activities. Exhibit A of CDP 90-1140, dated 5-30-91 identifies a project on this site.

The Center will be oriented to take advantage of views towards the adjacent open spaces,
MHPA and the coast. The building s street facades shall be designed to provide interest
along the public streetscape of Torrey Pines Scenic Drive.

A three-level, underground parking structure will be provided to meet parking requirements.

This structure will include light wells along the perimeter in order to provide natural daylight
and ventilation to all levels. Vertical circulation will be provided at appropriate distances
apart, in the form of an open staircase and elevator shafts.

The top deck of the parking structure is planned as a landscaped area in order to mitigate
heat island effects and to allow for appropriate treatment of storm water. A pleasant
pedestrian path is designed as a link between the existing laboratory building towards the
Center, along the edge of the north peninsula.

The architectural character of the buildings will reference the Architectural Design
Guidelines (Section V of this document).

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r D. GREENHOUSES

The Institute conducts research in greenhouses that are currently located in the North
Peninsula. Several new greenhouses are planned in the area south of the South Wing of
the East Building. The architectural character of the buildings will reference the Architectural
Design Guidelines (Section V of this document). In general, these greenhouses will be
stand-alone, one-story buildings constructed with clear-stained wood framing and siding.
Fenestration for these structures shall include clear glazing and the size of these shall be
finalized in coordination with the projected research requirements.

E. CAMPUS-WIDE IMPROVEMENTS

An essential aspect of fulfilling the Goals of the Campus Master Plan is a commitment to
add to and complete the physical and environmental development of the Institute site, which
includes the following objectives:

Remove all temporary structures: The removal of temporary buildings is critical to

maintaining the Institute's architectural excellence for which, with its scientific reputation, the
Institute is world-renowned. Relocation of existing functions in the temporary buildings will
occur following completion of the North Lawn Core Facility and Equipment Shops.

Continue application of the adopted Salk Sionaoe Master Pian: The Salk Institute Signage
Master Pian has been effective in avoiding a proliferation of arbitrary and uncoordinated
graphic design, referred to by Salk as "architectural graffiti." Refer to Section 10 of the
Design Guidelines.

Replace surface parking with underground structures: Parking structures with discrete
vertical profiles shal! be planned concurrent with any new development. They will account
for the Institute s anticipated parking needs.

Develop architectural character: Future campus development must reference the

internationally recognized architecture represented by the original building, while permitting
flexibility in interpretation of the Design Guidelines of the Campus Master Plan. The
architectural guidelines defined in the Design Guidelines shall comply with the Secretary of
Interior Standards for Historic Resources listed in Section 1 of these Guidelines.

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5. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GUIDELINES

{ General:
All development on the property must be consistent with the Architectural Design Guidelines,
Landscape Design Guidelines (Section 6), the UCP Design Elements for Subarea 1: Torrey
Pines, and all applicable San Diego Municipa! Code (SDMC) sections.

A deviation to the height limit in the RS-1-7 zone (SDMC; Table 131-040 and SDMC
131.0444(b)) is being processed as part of the development permits for the project. The project
shall comply with the height limit criteria defined in City of San Diego Building Newsletter 2-2,
dated January 1996, Determination of Buiiding Height, Proposition D, SDMC; Section 113.0228,
113.0231, 113.0270 (4) and (5), and 132.0505.

Site Guidelines:
A. The UCP Design Element objectives shall be understood and accomplished. These
objectives are:

1. "Protect and take maximum advantage of the Torrey Pines Subarea's topography and
natural vegetation." Reference drawings C l , C2, CB, C9, C10, C11, C12 and C13.

2. "Minimize the total amount of impervious surfaces such as parking, driveways

terraces, patios, tennis courts and other similar facilities." Reference drawing A l .0, L2
and C2.

3. "Ensure visual and physical access to natural canyons, resource areas and scenic
vistas." Reference drawing A1.0.

4. "Ensure that the massing of structures and design detail of new buildings contribute to
a visually coherent landscape." Reference drawing A3.0.

B. Development of human scale outdoor eating and meeting areas for employees is
encouraged. [See Figure 5.10]

C. Buildings shall be designed to provide shared courtyards or plaza areas to create

usable exterior space. [See Figure 5.11]

D. The required setbacks are as follows: Front Yard; Minimum 15 Feet on the North Torrey
Pines frontage, Street Side Yard: Minimum 10 Feet along Torrey Pines Scenic Drive and
Salk Institute Road, Rear Yard: 15 Feet.

Reference SDMC: Section 113.0249 Determining Setback Line, Section 113.0252

Measuring Setbacks, and Section 113.0276 Determining Yards.These setback areas
shall be landscaped except where access drives are implemented. Reference drawing
A1.1.

E. The architectural design is encouraged to take advantage of the coastal climate through
use of daylighting strategies such as light wells, interior courts, arcades and deep
recessed glazing. [See Figure 5.11]

F. Ai! above grade buildings shall be located a minimum of 100' from the original Kahn
laboratory building. This 100-foot buffer was considered adequate mitigation by the City's
Historical Site Board in the approval of CDP 90-1140.

The Saik Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 1
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
FIGURE 5.10: OUTDOOR SPACES

"' rV-'W-

St
Outdoor Seating

The Salk institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 2
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
 v
^
FIGURE 5.11: DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

Deep Recessed Glazing Arcade

f i : . _ - '''r'yjffgfe/'/':: '.\ :laJ^iiHial

Arcade Deep Recessed Glazing
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 3
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit . June 27, 2008
oo 0&2S
View Corridors and Vistas:

The Salk Institute property is in the coastal zone and benefits from unique views of the ocean
and off-site hillsides within Torrey Pines City Beach. The campus is visible from public trails
within the Torrey Pines City Park and Gliderport. However, the site is located over 300 feet
above sea level, and as such, offers no direct view of the beach or surf zone on campus. While
the view of the horizon from the Salk Institute courtyard is one of the most recognized views
in San Diego, neither the University Community Plan nor the North City Local Coast Plan des-
ignate specific, public views or scenic vistas across or in the vicinity of the property. In order
enhance and promote views of the ocean, the massing and location of proposed development
has been carefully considered to protect the iconic courtyard view as well as maximize apprecia-
tion of the horizon along Torrey Pines Scenic Drive. (See Figures 5.12 & 5.13)

mws^m. 4 - - e -
^ Pi.

FIGURE 5.12 View From East End of Court

FIGURE 5.13 View from Torrey Pines Scenic Drive

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Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
 6
c ; 002

View Corridors and Vistas, continued;

North Torrey Pines Road is a four-lane, major north-south road in the area that carries
approximately 17,000 cars each day in the vicinity of the Institute at speeds reaching 45
mph. Although the road is recommended for designation as a scenic route in the University
Community Plan, topography, existing landscaping and buildings obstruct views of the Pacific
Ocean and scenic coastal areas from the segment of North Torrey Pines Road abutting the
proposed project. No viewsheds exist in the project vicinity.

Building Guidelines:
A. All buildings shall comply with these guidelines, applicable San Diego Municipal
Code (SDMC) sections, and the UCP Design Elements for Subarea 1: Torrey Pines.

B. Square, box-like buildings without fagade fenestration and large, unbroken

expanses of wall are prohibited. No more than 35 linear feet of unarticulated exterior
walls shall be allowed in areas visible from the public streets, adjacent residential
properties, or open spaces. Articulation includes additive elements (columns, projections,
towers, etc.) and subtractive elements (windows, doors, carved openings, niches, etc.)

C. All building elevations are required to have fagade variations in a minimum of

three separate materials, textures or colors, and shall be modulated to achieve energy
efficiency. [See Figure 5.18]

D. The rear and sides of buildings are required to have architectural detail similar to
the front elevation. [See Figure 5.18]

E. All buildings shall be designed to promote maximum daylight in interior spaces and
natural ventilation. The use of operable windows is encouraged.

F. All roofs shall be uniform in color and visually compatible when viewed from above.
FIGURE 5.14 Equipment Screen Wall m
STAINLESS STEEL LOUVER-

<.
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 5
Coastal Deveiopment Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
.CVia o ^ 1
F I G U R E 5.18 Articulated Facades

mm

Textural Articulation Additive and Subtractive Articulation

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 6
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
 C'oo O G ^
"Cool roofs" are encouraged to minimize heat islands and reduce mechanical loads.
Mansard type roofs and fascias are not allowed.
(
G. All mechanical equipment on-grade is required to be fully screened from view from
all pedestrian, vehicular, and open space vantage points by a wail no less than six feet
high which is coordinated in material, color, and texture with adjacent building surfaces
and landscape materials. No exposed mechanical equipment is allowed on roofs. [See
Figures 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, and 5.17] Reference SDMC Section 113.0270(b) Measuring
Structure Height (Fences, Walls and Retaining Wails).

Materiality:

A. Where possible and cost effective, use materials sensitive to the local ecology and
provide healthy environments for all users.

B. All buildings on the campus should complement each other and the landscape.

C. Suitable materials include the following: [See Figure 5.19]

Wall Material: Architectural concrete, Corten steel, stainless steel,

wood, masonry. Painted wood or metals are not permitted.

Sustainable Roofs: Built up roofs with light colored ballasts, monolithic

colored pavers or "cool roof" materials, etc. are encouraged.

Glazing: Curtain wall assembly: clear glazing with fritted spandrel glazing
only. Butt-joint and mullion assemblies are allowed.
Reflective glass is not permitted.

D. Preferred building materials include the following: architectural concrete, travertine,

stainless steel, teak, clear glass and brick.

E. Exterior wood / vinyl siding and al! other exterior shingles used as siding are prohibited.

F. All exposed architectural concrete shall reference that of the original laboratory buildings
but shall be installed in a manner that employs and reflects the most advanced
technologies available at the time of construction. As such, appearance {color and
texture), formwork (type and joinery), and installation methods shall be differentiated
from, but compatible with, the existing concrete of the laboratory buildings.

G. All exposed roof material shall be color coordinated with building exterior colors.

H. Mediterranean or other special architectural themes are prohibited.

I. Pre-englneered buildings are prohibited.

J. All ribbed metal siding is prohibited.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 7
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
FIGURE 5.19 MATERIALS

**'" 1 : s

Travertine Bench and Hardscape

1
> ri'

/Si''>'j , ". ; ...

is. , .-..iff'- i--
| 3 ' - A - i w r - ..,

Architectural Concrete Stainless Steel Handrail

^cJ&Q ^^>^a

ITS
$mm

Corten Steel Teak Doors and Screens

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architeciural Design Guidelines, Page 8
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
 0030
CGty
Service. Loading. Storage and Equipment Areas:

A. Loading areas shall comply with these guidelines as well as appiicabie San Diego
Municipal Code (SDMC) sections. Reference SDMC Section 142.1010 Genera! Loading
Area Requirements.

B. Service, loading and storage of service vehicles are required to be separated from
pedestrian and private vehicular circulation where possible.

C. Service areas, loading docks, storage yards, and equipment areas shall be screened.

D. For screening of loading, service and/or storage areas to be effective, a maximum

treatment height of twelve feet shall be used. [See Figure 5.20]

Walls and Fencing:

A. Fences, walls and retaining walls shall comply with these guidelines and applicable San
Diego Municipal Code (SDMC) sections. Reference SDMC: Section 113.0270 (4)
Measuring Structure Height and Section 143.0460 (d) Fences and Walls.

B. Chain link fence with barbed wire, large blank, flat wall surfaces and exposed, untreated
concrete block walls are prohibited.-

C. Fencing shall match existing. [See Figure 5.21]

D. Enclosures shall provide adequate screening and shall respect required setbacks and
view corridors.
FIGURE 5.20 FIGURE 5.21

Signage:

A. All signage and graphic information shall comply with these guidelines, the Salk Institute
Signage Master Plan (reference Design Guidelines, Section 10), and applicable San
Diego Municipal Code (SDMC) sections. Reference SDMC: Section 113.0255
Calculating Sign Copy Area and Section 113.0258 Calculating Sign Face.

B. Sign types shall be limited to building identification and directional signage.

C. Signs are not permitted to project above any roof line.

D. All signs are required to be compatible with the architecture of the buildings they identify.
The Salk institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 9
Coastal Development Permit/Site Development Permit June 27, 2008
E. Building and company signs shall be low and to the ground, or attached to building
facades.

F. All ground mounted signs shall be well integrated into site landscaping.

G. The following types of signs are prohibited:

Revolving, rotating or moving signs
Signs with flashing or blinking lights
Roof signs
Billboards
Portable signs, including vehicles used as billboards.

Outdoor Lighting:

A. Ail lighting shall comply with these guidelines, State of California Title 24 Energy
Efficiency Standards, the City of San Diego Street Design Manual (Document No.
297376, November 2002 and amendment to Council Policy 200-18, February 2002,
Resolution R-296141) and applicable San Diego Municipal Code (SDMC) sections.
Reference SDMC: Section 142.0740 Outdoor Lighting Regulations.

B. Exterior lighting must be integrated into the design of buildings, landscape elements, and
signage.

C. Selected light fixtures must be complementary to the existing campus standards and
provide clear paths of access.

D. Neon and similar type of lighting are prohibited.

E. No free standing light fixture shall exceed 25 feet in height.

F. Lighting shall be selectively placed to fall oniy on the premises and shall be shielded
and directed away from all natural habitats, adjacent properties and the MHPA.
Large spotlights that may affect conserved habitats are prohibited.

Greenhouse Facility: Refer to Section 4, Architectural Build-out for additional information

regarding design intent for greenhouses. [See Figure 5.22]

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 5. Architectural Design Guidelines, Page 10
Coastal Deveiopment Permit/Site Development Permit June 27. 2008
.GOO*
Z
 3
.ftOOS
CU
r 6. LANDSCAPE DESIGN GUIDELINES

EXISTING AND HISTORIC LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS

General Characteristics
The western half of the site is comprised of two relatively flat mesas, bisected by an off site
central canyon that winds its way to the west and toward the Pacific Ocean.. Existing native
vegetation occurs in areas including Southern willow scrub, Diegan coastal sage scrub,
Southern maritime chaparral, and Southern mixed chaparral. Areas on the south mesa have
been previously disturbed and contain native and non-native grasses and scrub. A large
parking lot, currently located on the north mesa, contains ornamental plantings, with native,
and non-native trees planted within the islands. When feasible, the existing vegetation will
be preserved and incorporated into the landscape design for the site. Situated on the
eastern half of the site is the existing lab building, east building, parking lot, and support
facilities. Eucalyptus, Citrus, Torrey Pines, and various other ornamental trees, ground
covers, and shrubs have been previously planted as the campus evolved over the years.
Recreational lawns are currently situated on the north and south side of the existing lab
building, extending from the buildings to the property lines. The East Mesa features historic
perimeter plantings consisting mostly of Red Flame Eucalyptus and other trees and shrubs,
providing a dense screen of vegetation between the campus and the adjoining roads.
Between the East Building and the historic Laboratory complex is a remnant of a historic
eucalyptus grove that predates the Institute. The historic Laboratory complex is surrounded
by various landscape elements including the gently sloping lawn to the north, the lining of
Torrey Pines Scenic Drive with a perimeter planting of Red Flaming eucalyptus, some of
which have subsequently been replace with Torrey pines; two separate lawn panels to the
south bounded by short concrete walls; and the formal citrus grove at the east end of the
courtyard.

FIGURE 6.1 EXISTING RECREATIONAL NORTH LAWN FIGURE 6.2 EXISTING EUCALYPTUS

I
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Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 003*

FIGURE 6.3 EDGE OF EXISTING NORTH PARKING LOT FIGURE 6.4 TYPICAL EXISTING LANDSCAPE

Climate
The climate at the site is mild, generally falling within a limited range (50-85 degrees
Summer; 40 - 7 5 degrees Winter) promoting the growth of a wide array of native and exotic
plant palettes. This ideal climate allows significant external building circulation and promotes
the use of outdoor spaces, making the landscape environment a critical part of the user
experience at the Salk Institute.

Historic Landscape Characteristics (see Appendix 11 - Historic Landscape Analysis)

The original Salk/Kahn plan (see figure 6.5) developed in association with Hoyt in 1965
identifies the following plant materials to be utilized on the premises:

Acacia baileyana Acacia

Chionanthes retusa Chinese Fringe Trees
Betula nigra Red Birch
Cedrus deodara Deodor Cedar
Citrus mitis Calamondin Orange
Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress
Erythrina poepigiana Bucare
Eucalyptus ficifolia Flame Eucalyptus
Jacaranda acutifolia Green Ebony
Laurus nobilis Sheet Bay
Leptospermum laevigatum Australian Teatree
Magnolia grandifiora Southern Magnolia
Melaleuca leucadendra Cajeput Tree
Pittosporum undulatum Victorian Box
Podocarpus elongata Yew Pine
Quercus ilex Holly Oak
Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper
Camellia sasanqua Sasanqua Camellia
Carissa grandifiora Natal Plum
Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina Jessamine

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 2
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 00003^

r
*Please note that the 1965 landscape plan was never fully realized and that not all plant
species identified on this list were utilized on site.

'"-^>Vr^,'^''4-j',v?..

^ ^ ^ : ^ i & # ^ : ^ ^ v , ; : rj ^

" ^ ^ L

.-.T i ;i r- i ^^7,^f;I"fiStt , : S : ^SK1T7^'S5 ,

FIGURE 6.5 Original Salk / Kahn Plan

GOALS

General Design Goals

Retain and enhance the natural and built environments of the site.

Protect and enhance the perimeter of the campus.

Incorporate gardens.

Provide outdoor spaces that help create a sense of community.

Provide a series of outdoor spaces that serve as gathering areas for the research
community, consistent with what exists today on campus. The following images
. represent the size, scale, materials, and general feeling of the proposed outdoor
spaces. See figures 6.6, 6.7, and 6.8

Integrate signage, way finding, and graphics into the landscape.

L Integrate art into the landscape.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 3
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 000036
r
Work with local utility providers and the City of San Diego to improve the
aesthetics of above ground utilities along the perimeter of the property. "

Hardscape Goals
Utilize the established "family of materials" that currently exists on the campus to tie the
campus together, including red brick pavers, travertine, architectural concrete, and
decomposed granite gravel. Al! patterns, colors, and textures should be consistent with what
currently exists on site today. [See figures 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.10, 6.11, and 6."

FIGURE 6.6 EXISTING RED BRICK PAVER COURT FIGUR^iTDECOMPOSED GRANITE G R A V E L ' C O U R T

^ ^ i f -Ws 1 i *

FIGURE 6.8 EXISTING TRAVERTINE COURT

Historic Landscape Goals

Relocate the existing historic Chinese Fringe Trees (Chionanthus retusa) originally
planted in the east parking lot to the proposed entry drive between the existing East
Buildings and the proposed Torrey East Building. An arborist shall be retained to
determine which trees are healthy and able to be transplanted. [See figures 6.9]

Densify the existing historic grove of Eucalyptus trees (E. cinerea, ficafolia,
sideroxylon, citriodora) between the original Kahn-Salk buildings and the East
Building. Sparse areas of the grove shall be enhanced with new trees of similar

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guideiines, Page 4
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 00003'

species and spacing. The implementation of these plantings will be a condition of the
buiiding permit for the North Lawn Core Facility. [See figures 6.9]

Reestablish the historic border of Red Flame Eucalyptus (E. ficafolia) trees along the
southern property line as planted in 1962. [See figures 6.9]

Preserve and maintain the existing historic citrus groves (Citrus mitis) east of the
original Kahn-Salk buildings. Replace all damaged or under performing trees as
needed with specimens of similar species and spacing to maintain a uniform look.
[See figures 6.9]

Maintain the existing areas north and south ofthe original Kahn-Salk buildings as
passive or recreational use lawns. The implementation of this goal on the North side
of the Kan-Salk building will be a condition of the building permit of the North Lawn
Core Facility. [See figures 6.9]

RECREATIONAL
LAWN

CHINESE FRINGE
TREES

EUCALYPTUS
CITRUS
GROVE
GROVES

PASSIVE u s e
. RED FLAME -LAWN- -
EUCALYPTUS
Gi:

FIGURE 6.9 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

General Landscape Goals

Create outdoor spaces that are in scale with the setting, buildings and the spaces that
the buildings create as they do today on the existing campus. All landscape
improvements shall respect and enhance view corridors.

Protect and Preserve the historic landscape concepts and elements.

Create an environmentally responsible landscape strategy for water usage by using
a drought tolerant plant palette, using a water-conserving/environmentally friendly
irrigation system, and minimizing the amount of runoff into adjacent, non-irrigated
I areas.

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Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 0C0038

Effectively screen above grade utility equipment, parking, and other utilitarian
objects. . [See figures 6.10]

CONE OF VISION

SHRUB TO SCREEN VIEW

OF UTILITY STRUCTURES

UTILITY STRUCTURES

FIGURE 6.10

Introduce native species to assist in erosion protection and removal of invasive, non-
native species near and within the MHPA.

Lighting Space
Integrate landscape lighting into the landscape consistent with what occurs onsite
today. [See figures 6.11, 6.12, and 6.13]

FIGURE 6.11 EXISTING BOLLARD LIGHTING FIGURE 6.12 EXISTING INGRADE PATH LIGHTING

*.
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 6
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 000039

r
' .?'"'.'--V-* ._,'?'- J i " - i ' ' , ; r ^ 1*1. " ^ 1
mi J m i I^II III l l l l ^ ' Mi '

FiGURE6.13 EXISTING RECESSED PATH LIGHTING

Reduce light pollution by removing large overhead lights through the elimination of the two
main existing surface parking lots and using pedestrian scaled fixtures. Lighting shallbe
selectively placed to fall only on the premises and shall be shielded and directed away from
all natural habitats, adjacent properties, and the MHPA. [See figure 6.14]

FIGURE 6.14 EXISTING SURFACE PARKING LOT

LIGHT FIXTURES TO BE REMOVED

The Saik Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 7
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 C00040

LANDSCAPED AREAS

All proposed Landscaped Areas shall be designed to relate directly to the spaces currently
established at the existing campus. This includes character, materials, style and feeling.

efe^ *
FIGURE 6.15 EXISTING ENTRY TERRACE FIGURE 6.16 EXISTING CENTRAL COURT

*? c:-.. :
rsftfrnfT// 1 ^' j . w t f

I .; /

The Saik Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 8
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 ccoo^
r FIGURE 6.17 EXISTING TERRACE AND SEATING FIGURE 6.18 EXISTING TERRACE

\ W

VERNAL POOL INTERPRETIVE

SIGNAGE TO BE PROVIDED
(Re: Salk Institute Graphics Master Plan)

KEY LANDSCAPED AREA

-(awn
-special paving
-ornamental planting
seating

BIO SWALE

LIGHT WELLS TO
GARAGE BELOW
(TYP) REVEGETATED
AREAS PRIMARY
-native plantings
PEDESTRIAN
ROUTE

DIAGRAM A - SALK COMMUNITY CENTER AND NORTH PENINSULA

UNDERGROUND PARKING STRUCTURES

Salk Community Center Perimeter and MHPA (refer to Diagram A)

Disturbance shaii be minimized in the areas adjacent to the off-site canyon. Most areas of
development occur within the footprint of the existing asphalt parking lot and areas that have
been previously disturbed. All disturbed and Brush Management areas shall be re-vegetated
with native and naturalized hydro-seed mixes and container grown stock plant materia!
(minimum 1 gallon) as per the San Diego Municipal Code. No invasive species shall be
planted in or adjacent to the MHPA. Revegetation of previously paved parking areas and

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 9
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
cc 0 0 ^

other disturbed areas shall conform to SDMC 142.0411 - Revegetation and Erosion Control
and 142.0412 - Brush Management. Landscape plans shall be submitted for City review
with building permit applications. Existing Torrey Pines (Pinus torreyana) shall be preserved
or removed and replanted along Torrey Pines Scenic Drive to allow for construction access,
and new Torrey Pines shali be provided along the street at the Saik Community Center.

Bio Swale (refer to diagram A)

A rock-lined, vegetated bio swale and associated vegetated barrier shali be installed to
preclude pedestrian activity into the MHPA. Plant material would consist of native, non-
invasive plant species, as approved by the City. The plant pallet shall consist of the
fotlowing:

California sagebrush (Artemisia califomica)

California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
Califomia encelia (Encelia califomica)
Golden-yarrow (Eriophyllum confertiflorum)
Melic (Melica imperfecta)
Foothill needlegrass (Nassella lepida)
Purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra)
Blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum)

Plantings and Materiality (refer to diagram A)

Consistent with what exists today on campus, ornamental and native plantings shall be
established in this area as well as paving in the form of red brick, travertine and
decomposed granite gravel. Fixed and moveable furniture shall be provided to allow flexible
use of the space. All new, outdoor furnishings shall consist of stainless steel, architectural
concrete, teak, wood, or iron.

North Peninsula Underground Parking Structure (refer to diagram A)

Parking will be accommodated in below grade with zero surface parking spaces.

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Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 c GOO*
r
ADEGARAGE

ORNAMENTAL PLANTWO-BeiWEEN SIOEWALR~&flCLgUILDING (NOT TO

INTERFERE WITH VTSIBILTTYrBaSTWe. TORREY P I N E S T R E E U R E E S TO REMAIN

DIAGRAM B - NORTH PENINSULA UNDERGROUND PARKING STRUCTURE PUBUC

PERIMETER AND ENTRIES

North Peninsula Underground Parking Structure Public Perimeter & Entry (refer to diagrams
A&B)
Informal ornamental plantings and groundcovers will be utilized along the perimeter to
soften the edge between buildings and streets. The entry to the below grade parking will be
clearly identified with graphics and the vehicular / pedestrian intersection will be delineated
with special red brick paving; consistent with what exists at the existing campus today.

^ *. - " . ? - .' -HK-^

nt-

,.-...',,. . .; v? .-. : , .'if- j i i L

RED FLAME . NEW ZEALAND
EUGALYPTUS CHRJSTMASTREES

DIAGRAM C - SOUTH PERIMETER BUFFER LANDSCAPE

Buffer Landscape (refer to diagram C)

The only buffer treatment in place occurs along the south property line adjacent to a single-
L family residential neighborhood. The eastern half of this property line has been previously
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 11
Coastal Development Permit / Site Deveiopment Permit March 3, 2008
 ocoo*4
r developed and the existing landscape treatment consists of New Zealand Christmas Trees
and Carmel Creeper as ground cover. This landscape treatment will be maintained as is.
Red Flame Eucalyptus will be planted along the south edge of the property as to re-
establish the South Perimeter buffer as proposed in the original Kahn/Salk Master Plan.

V",

v%
>--
EXISTING:
TREES

EXISTING "
SipEWALK

PRIMARY
PEDESTRIAN ROUTE

^ =. T? Fr
\

I I
EXISTING
V V
"TREES

ORNAMENTAL-
PLANTING STREET
TREES

DIAGRAM D - GREEN HOUSES

Green Houses.frefer to diagram D)

Three connected greenhouses will be provided along the north side of Salk Institute Road.
Street'trees and landscape plantings shall be provided as required by code to meet street
yard and remaining yard requirements. Connection to the existing campus shall be provided
to the existing sidewalk north of the proposed buildings.

W 6. Landscape Design Guideiines, Page 12

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Coastal Development Permit / Site Deveiopment Permit March 3, 2008
oo^ 6

LANDSCAPE STANDARDS & PLANT PALETTE

The plant palette for each project will incorporate the historic plant pallet of the Kahn-Salk
Master Plan as approved by the City in the mid-1960's under CUP 3841 as well as plant
species that are currently found on the Salk Campus. These plants will be planted in all
disturbed areas outside of the building lines to reestablish the flora, giving a seamless
appearance throughout the campus.

Plant Palette for all landscaped areas excluding Zone 1 and Zone 2 Brush Management. No
invasive species shall be planted in or adjacent to the MHPA.

* No species listed below are considered to be invasive

Trees (A minimum root zone of 40 sf in area shall be provided for all trees. The minimum
dimension for this area shall be 5 feet)
Pinus torreyana Torrey Pine
Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain Tree
Melaleuca nesophila Pink Melaluca
Metrosideros excelsus New Zealand Christmas Tree
Cassia leptopphylla Gold Medallion Tree
Quercus ilex Holley Oak
Eucalyptus polyanthemos Silver Dollar Gum
Eucalyptus ficifolia Red Falme Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon Scented Gum
Citus Citrus ssp.

Shrubs
Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon Tree
Rhus integrifolia Lemonade Berry
Elaeagnus pungens Silverbeny
Ceanothus verrucosus Carmel Creeper
Prunus ilicifolia Hollyleaf Cherry
Baccharis pilularis 'twin peaks' Coyote Bush
Prunus caroliniana Carolina Cherry Laurel

Sub-Shrubs
Cistus purpureus Orchid Rockrose
Encelia califomica Coast Sunflower
Raphiolepis indica 'ballerina' Ballerina Hawthorne
Salvia mellifera Black Sage
Salvia greggi Red Sage
Nassella pulchra Purple Needle Grass
Lantana 'gold rush' Lantana

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 13
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
00004-6

Lavandula angustifolia "twickle purple" English Lavender

Festuca glauca Blue Oat Gras
Rhamnus californiaca Coffee Berry

Vines and groundcovers

Dudleya brittonii Britton's Chalk Dudleya
Trachelospermum jasminoides Star Jasmine
Fragaria chiloensis Wild Strawberry
Lantana montevidensis Lantana
Bougainvillea 'torch glow'- Bougainvillea
Distictus vistictus viscosa 'purpurea' Trumpet Vine
Bougainvillea 'la jolla' - Bougainvillea

Trees used in formal applications shall be minimum 30" box, consistent in size, height, form
and shall be uniformly spaced, with the exception of the existing eucalyptus grove where 15-
gallon trees shall be utilized to enhance the grove.

Trees used in informal applications shall be grouped or massed together. Trunk spacing,
form and height may vary.

If mounding occurs, trees shall be planted on one side or the other, planting directly on top
ofthe mound is prohibited.

Multi-trunk trees shall be spaced to allow for maximum growth.

Surface and sub-surface drainage shall be provided through the use of uniform finish
grades, landscape drains, perforated pipe and catch basins.

Planting areas will receive complete irrigation coverage by means of an automatically

controlled, electrically operated, water conserving/environmentally friendly sprinkler system.
This system will use low-precipitation sprinkler heads, anti-drain valves, rain switches and
other conservation devices.

The irrigation system will not extend into the MHPA area or existing property lines.

Irrigation run-off into the MHPA will be minimized.

Irrigation that is required in Zone 1 brush management shall be state of the art, water
efficient, and of conserving design to minimize runoff into naturalized areas.

Landscape maintenance will be performed on a regular basis by the property owner (Salk
Institute). This will entail all private manicured landscapes, rustic landscapes, brush
management areas, and public rights of way along North Torrey Pines Road and Torrey
Pines Scenic Drive. All long-term maintenance of the MHPA areas on site would be
conducted in accordance with the Habitat Management Plan.

Any planting stock brought onto the project site for landscaping should be first inspected by
a qualified pest inspector to ensure it is free of pest species that could invade natural areas,
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guideiines, Page 14
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
C00047

including but not limited to, Argentine ants (Iridomyrmex humil), fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)
and other insect pests. Any planting stock found to be infected with such pests should not
be allowed on the project site or within 300 feet of natural habitats. The infected stock shall
be quarantined, treated, or disposed of according to best management principles by
qualified experts in a manner that precludes invasions into natural habitats.

STREET TREE REQUIREMENTS

Street trees shall be planted between the curb and abutting property line. Trees shall be
calculated at the rate of one 30-inch box tree for every 30 feet of street frontage.

Street trees shall be located no closer than 30 inches to the face of curb of within median
islands, no closer than four feet to the face of curb.

Street trees shall be separated from improvements by the minimum distance shown in Table
142-04E.

Trees shall be selected and located so that at maturity they do not cause conflict with
overhead utility lines.

STREETYARD REQUIREMENTS

The street yard requirements shown in Table 142-04C shall be provided in both planting
area and in plants number.

The required planting area and plant points for the street yard shall be located within the
street yard.

Unless specified otherwise in Table 142-04C, at least one-half of the required planting
points shall be achieved with trees.

All of the required street yard planting located outside the vehicular use area may consist of
hardscape or unattached unit pavers. This does not include the minimum planning area
required for trees and the planting area necessary to provide for healthy plant growth.

PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY REGULATIONS

Areas within the public right-of-way that are not paved for required pedestrian walks or for
vehicle access shall be planted or covered with mulch, unattached unit pavers, or other
permeable material acceptable to the City.

Plant material, other than trees, within the public right-of-way that is located within visibility
areas shall not exceed 24 inches in height, measured from the top of the adjacent curb.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 15
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
0 00048

BRUSH MANAGEMENT

Brush Management Standards shall apply in accordance with Article 2; General

Development Regulations Division 4: Landscape Regulations Section: 142.0412 ofthe San
Diego Municipal Code.

Table 142-04H
Brush Management Zone Width Requirements

Property Location

West of Interstate
Crileria 5 & El Camino Real

Zone 1 width within the coastal 30 feet

overlay zone for subdivisions
containing steep, hillsides with
sensitive biological resources.

Minimum zone 2 width 20 feet

Additional zone 2 width required 10 feet

when zone 2 is on slopes greater
than 4:1 that are 50 feet or 2 is
greater than 48 inches in height.
This additional width is not
required for zone 2 located in the
MHPA.

Zone 1 and 2 implementation:

Northern mesa:
Brush management zone 1 width for all areas is established according to the Brush
Management Zone Width Requirements of the San Diego Municipal Code Table 142-04H,
resulting a 30 feet minimum width within the coastal overlay zone for subdivision containing
steep hillsides with sensitive biological resources.

Brush management zone 2 width is also established for all areas by the same table
resulting a minimum of 20 feet.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 16
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
000049

Z o n e l requirements:

1. The required zone 1 width shal! be provided between flammable vegetation and any
structure and shall be measured from the exterior of the structure to the vegetation.

2. Zone 1 shall contain no habitable structures, structures that are directly attached to
habitable structures, or other combustible construction that provides a means for
transmitting fire to the habitable structures. Structures such as fences, walls and non-
habitable gazebos that are located within brush management zone 1 shall be of
noncombustible construction.

3. Plants within zone 1 shall be primarily low growing and less than 4 feet in height with the
exception of trees. Plants shall be low-fuel and fire-resistive.

4. Trees within zone 1 shal! be located away from structures to a minimum distance of 10
feet as measured from the structures to the drip line of the tree at maturity in accordance
with the landscape standards of the land development manual.

5. Permanent irrigation is required for all planting areas within zone 1 except as follows:

a) When planting areas contain only species that do not grow taller than 24 inches in
height, or

b) When planting areas contain only native or naturalized species that are not
summer-dormant and have maximum height at plant maturity of less than 24 inches.

6. Zone 1 irrigation overspray and runoff shall not be allowed into adjacent areas of native
or naturalized vegetation.

7. Zone 1 shall be maintained on a regular basis by pruning and thinning plants, controlling
weeds, and maintaining irrigation systems.

Zone 1 maintenance program:

This vegetation should be kept in a well-watered condition and cleared of dead material.
Dead and excessive twiggy growth must also be trimmed and removed. Debris and trimming
must be removed from the site or converted into mulch by a chipping machine and evenly
dispersed to a maximum depth of six inches.

Plants in this area should be maintain to a height of 4 feet with the exception of trees. Trees
and large shrubs must be pruned so 40% of the flammable material is removed. The lowest

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 17
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
 00005

(
branches should be three times higher than the height of the vegetation below, or six feet,
whichever is higher. The canopies of large trees should not form a continuous planting
mass.

Root systems should no be disturbed.

Zone 1 runoff shall not be allowed into adjacent areas of native vegetation. Irrigation
systems should be maintained.

No invasive plant species will be planted in or near the MHPA.

Maintenance timing: one a year in spring

Party responsible: Salk Institute

Zone 1 plant pallet shall consist of the following plant in the form of hydro-seed and nursery-
grown container stock.

Plant Palette for Zone 1 Brush Management Revegetation shall be comprised of 1-gallon
material minimum.

Baccharis pilularis Dwarf coyote bush

Eriophyllum confertiflorum Golden yarrow
Melica imperfecta Melic
Nassella lepida Foothill needle-grass
Nassella pulchra Purple needle-grass
Opuntia littoralis Coastal prickly pear
Plantago erecta Plantain
Sysirinchium bellum Blue-eyed grass
Yucca schidigera Mojave yucca

Zone 2 requirements:

1. The required zone 2 width shali be provided between zone 1 and the undisturbed,
flammable vegetation, and shall be measured from the edge of zone 1 that is the farthest
from the habitable structure, to the edge of undisturbed vegetation.

2. No structures shall be constructed in zone 2.

3. Within zone 2, 50 percent of the plants over 18 inches in height shall be cut and cleared
to a height of 6 inches.

4. Within zone 2, all plants remaining after 50 percent are cut and cleared shall be pruned
to reduce fuel loading in accordance with the landscape standards in the land development
manual and five management recommendations in the project habitat management plan.
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 18
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
c C0051
The habitat management plan (section 5.4) deals with doing brush management in a portion
ofthe MHPA.

5. The following standards shall be used where zone 2 area is proposed to be planted with
new plant material instead of clearing existing native or naturalized vegetation:

a) All new plant material for zone 2 shall be native or naturalized, low-fuel, and fire
resistive. No non-native plant material may be planted in zone 2 either inside the MHPA or
in the coastal overlay zone, adjacent to areas containing sensitive biological resources.

b) New plants shall be low-growing with a maximum height at maturity of 2 feet.

Single specimens of fire-resistant native trees may exceed this limitation if they are located
to reduce the chance of transmitting fire from native or naturalized vegetation to habitable
structures.

c) All new zone 2 plantings shall be temporarily irrigated until established.

Permanent irrigation is not allowed in zone 2. Only low-flow, iow-gallonage spray heads may
be used in zone 2. Overspray and runoff from the irrigation shall not drift or flow into
adjacent areas of native or naturalized vegetation.

d) Where zone 2 is being revegetated as a requirement of section 142.0411 (a),

revegetation shall comply with the spacing standards in the land development manual. Fifty
percent of the planting area shall be planted with material that does not grow taller than 24
inches. The remaining planting area may be planted with taller material, but this material
shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements for existing plant material in zone
2-

6. Zone 2 shall be maintained on a regular basis by pruning and thinning plants, controlling
weeds, and maintaining any temporary irrigation system.

Zone 2 maintenance program:

This vegetation should be kept in a well-watered condition and cleared of dead material.
Dead and excessive twiggy growth must also be trimmed and removed. Debris and trimming
must be removed from the site or converted into mulch by a chipping machine and evenly
dispersed to a maximum depth of six inches.

50 percent of the plants over 18 inches in height shall be cut and cleared to a height of 6
inches. Remaining after 50 percent are cut and cleared shall be pruned to reduce fuel
loading in accordance with the landscape standards in the land development manual and
five management recommendations in the project habitat management plan.

Root systems should no be disturbed.

New plantings in revegetation areas shall be temporarily irrigated until established.

Permanent irrigation is not allowed in zone 2. Only low-flow, Iow-gallonage spray heads may
be used in zone 2. Overspray and runoff from the irrigation shall not drift or flow into
adjacent areas of native or naturalized vegetation.

The Saik Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 19
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3, 2008
CG 0 0 * *

No invasive plant species will be planted in or near the MHPA.

Maintenance timing: one a year in spring

Party responsible: Salk Institute

Zone 2 plant pallet shall consist of the following plant in the form of hydro-seed and nursery-
grown container stock.

Plant Palette for Zone 2 Brush Management and revegetated areas outside of Brush
Management. Revegetation shall be comprised of a hydroseed mix and 1 gallon material
minimum.

Artemisia califomica California Sagebrush

Castilleja Affinis Coast Paint-Brush
Encelia Califomica California Sunflower
Eriophyllum confertiflorum Golden Yarrow
Eriogonum fasciculatum California Buckwheat
Isocoma menziesii Goldenbush
Isomeris arborea Bladderpod
Eschscholzia califomica California Poppy
Ferocactus viredescens Coast Barrel Cactus
Lasthenia califomica Goldfields
Lotus scoparius Deerweed
Lupinus bicolor Lupine
Malacothamnus fasciculatus Chaparral Mallow
Melica imperfecta Melic
Mimulus aurantiacus Monkey-flower
Nassella pulchra Purple Needlegrass
Osmadenia tenella Osmadenia
Poa secunda Bluegrass
Rhus integrifolia Lemonade Berry
Salvia Apiana White Sage
Salvia mellifera Black Sage
Viguiera lacinata
San Diego Sunflower
Yucca schidigera
Mojave Yucca

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 6. Landscape Design Guidelines, Page 20
Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permil March 3, 2008
 ^3
OCOO*
 CC0054

f
7. PHASING PROGRAM

The Salk Institute property has been developed in phases since the approval of CUP
3841 on March 1,1961 under the 1961 Kahn/Salk Master Pian, and further development of
the property will be conducted in further phases under the revised Master Plan submitted
concurrently herewith. As such, the Salk development is a continuous process under Salk's
existing and future approvals, and all of Phases 1 through 9 below (including sub-items 1-10
of Phase 9), constitutes the "phasing program" forthe Salk development for purposes of
San Diego Municipal Code Section 126.0108(b)(2). Following is a listing of the phases
commencing with those completed to date:

Phase I

On March 1,1961, the City of San Diego approved Conditional Use Pennit 3841 which
provided forthe buildout of three main building programs and reserved several areas of the
property for "Future Development". From 1961 to 1965, the City approved five amendments
to CUP 3841, in particular adding a landscape plan forthe buildout of the property.

Phase 2.

Construction of he original Salk-Kahn building was completed in 1965, as was the perimeter
landscape planting.

Phase 3

On January 9,1979, the City Planning Commission approved an amendment to CUP 3841
to accommodate the Cancer Research Animal Facility south of the original Salk-Kahn
buiiding.

Phase 4

The Cancer Research Animal Facility underground building was constructed south of the
Kahn-Salk building in 1979.

Phase 5

On October 17, 1985, the City of San Diego approved CUP 85-0589, effectuating an
exchange of roughly 2.5 acres of land to accommodate the City's construction of a sewer
pump station at the westerly end of the South Peninsula.

Phase 6

CDP 90-1140 was approved on May 30, 1991 to accommodate the construction of the
existing East Building.

Phase 7

The East building was constructed in 1995.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 7. Phasing, Page 1

Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3^, 2008
 cc 00^5
r
Phase 8

An expansion of the Cancer Research Animal Facility was completed in the late 2001 based
on a determination by the City that the project was in substantial conformance to CUP 3841
on May 8, 1998.

Phase 9

This application for a Coastal Development Pennit, Site Development Permit, Planned
Development Permit, Amendment to Conditional Use Permit, MHPA Boundary Adjustment
and Vesting Tentative Map accommodates the City's request that the Institute provide a
revised "Master Plan" of development for the further buildout of the property to its allocation
of 500,000 square feet of scientific research space as approved in the University Community
Plan.

Continued phasing of the full buildout of the Salk property under these development
approvals is outlined below. Completion of Phases 1 through 8 described above or
completion of any one or more of the numbered items below shall be sufficient to "utilize"
and thereby vest each of the above new development approvals in accordance with San
Diego Municipal Code Section 126.0108.(b)(2). This sequencing is not intended to define,
nor does it dictate a specific order of priorities. It is intended only to suggest one of a
possible number of sequences for the full buildout of the property. Specific sequencing and
timing forthe buildout of the campus will depend on future demands arising from new and
evolving scientific programs, advances in technologies, availability of parking and, the
Institute's needs, and most importantly, availability of capital funding.

Future Phasing of the full buildout of the Master Plan could be as follows:

1. MMP Entitlement Payment or Property Transfer.

Payment of the endowment of $44,500 to implement the Habitat Management Plan thereby
"utilizing" these new development peimits in accordance with San Diego Municipal Code
Sectioni 26.0108.(b)(2).

2. Traffic Installment Payment

Payment of an initial installment of $50,000 towards the mitigating the traffic impacts at the I-
5/Genesee Avenue interchange, thereby "utilizing" these new development pemiits in
accordance with San Diego Municipal Code Section 126.0108.(b)(2). This installment will be
applied against the initial building permits issued for the project in accordance with Table 9-
9, in the Transportation Analysis for the project dated September 20,2006, until such time
as the $50,000 is exceeded, at which time payment of the remaining traffic mitigation fee will
be provided for each subsequent building permit.

3. Final Map Recordation

Recordation of the final map, or the first phased final map consistent with the Vesting
Tentative Map forthe property, to the extent a Vesting Tentative Map is submitted and
approved, thereby "utilizing" these new development permits in accordance with San Diego
Municipal Code Section 126.0108.(b)(4)

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 7. Phasing, Page 2

Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3"1, 2008
0G0056

4. Greenhouse Relocation

New greenhouses will be relocated from the temporary building location to a site south of
the existing East Buildings. They will be conveniently placed in proximity to the laboratory
spaces.

5. North Lawn Core Facility. Mechanical Room and Equipment Shops

The North Lawn Core Facility, Mechanical Room and Equipment Shops are required to
provide additional specialized research laboratory space, locations for shared equipment
and workshop area for maintenance staff. Both projects will be underground and adjacent
to each other. Their footprints will not displace existing parking. No additional parking will
be required as a result of these projects. The existing temporary shops building at the
southeast comer of the project will be removed as a part of this project.

The demolition of the "temporary" buildings, located at the east side of the North Mesa is a
priority forthe Institute. The relocation of their current research functions will be possible
within 12 months of the issuance of the first certificate of occupancy of the North Lawn Core
Facility.

6. North Peninsula Underground Parking Structure

The underground parking stmcture will be built with the intent to provide the required parking
needs of the Salk Community Center, it should employ an efficient and cost-effective
circulation strategy which may include speed ramps and parking on sloped floor levels. This
structure will be classified as S-4, thereby relying on light wells and perimeter openings to
provide daylight and natural ventilation on all three levels. Two exit stairwells and elevator
shafts will be provided in order to meet exiting requirements.

7. Salk Community Center

A building, which could be built in phases, will house spaces that will support the Scientific
Research activities on the campus, including but not limited to: Dining Facilities, Offices for
Administrative groups, Places for Meeting, and Garden Courts.

8. Torrey East Lab Building and Underground Parking Structure

The Torrey East Underground Parking Structure and Torrey East Laboratory Building will
occupy the footprint of the existing parking lot east of the East Buildings and the footprint of
the existing shops at the south-east end of the campus. The Torrey East Building is
required in order to accommodate the projected growth of staff and research at the Institute.
The parking structure is necessary in order to meet the parking requirements associated
with the build-out of this building.

The demolition of the "temporary" buildings, located at the southeast comer of the Torrey
East Building site will be possible upon start of constmction of the Torrey East Building and
Parking Structure

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 7. Phasing, Page 3

Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3rt, 2008
00005?

8
 000058

(
8. PERMIT IMPLEMENTATION

The Campus Master Plan that embodies these Design Guidelines and the Development
Permits, constitutes a document that is endorsed by the Salk Institute and represents the
vision set forth by Dr. Salk and Louis Kahn in the original Master Pian (CUP 3841),
addresses the Institute s Goals, and serves as the basis by which all future development of
the campus will be guided.

The Development Permits outline the development of the remaining portion ofthe 500,000
square foot allocation for Sderitific Research and support space as approved in the
University Community Plan. The goals and objectives ofthe Campus Master Plan, these
Design Guidelines, and the Development Permit application acknowledge that the site is in
the Coastal Zone and that biologically sensitive lands exist. The Campus Master Plan has
been developed to address these conditions and the needs ofthe Institute. Approval of the
Development Permits by the City will set the framework from which individual projects will be
evaluated prior to issuance of building permits and will serve as the basis for design ofthe
projects included in this Master Plan update.

Once the Development Permits are approved by the City, applications for building and
grading permits for the North Lawn Core Facility, Mechanical Room and Equipment Shops,
the Greenhouses, the Torrey East Building and Parking projects can be processed by the
City for without further discretionary approval or substantial conformance review, so long as
the applications reflect a design consistent with the documentation approved under these
Campus Master Plan Design Guidelines and the Development Permits. Should City Staff
not find the proposed building or grading permit application for a future project to be
consistent with these Design Guidelines and the Development Peimits, the applicant shall
then file with the City of San Diego, an application for an amendment to the applicable
Development Permit and the Campus Master Plan, or shall modify the permit applications so
that the City Staff can find them in conformance with these Design Guidelines and the
Development Permits.

The Salk Community Center and the North Peninsula Underground Parking Structure must
be submitted for Substantial Conformance Review by City Staff prior to appiication for
grading or building permits. The Substantial Conformance Review Process will be handled
as a Process Two review, consistent with City policy for Substantial Conformance Review
applications in the Coastal Zone. Should City Staff not find the proposed project to be in
Substantial Conformance with these Design Guidelines and the Development Permits, the
applicant shall then file with the City of San Diego, an application for an amendment to the
applicable Development Permit(s), and the Campus Master Plan.

The grading and building permit applications for each of the buildings within the
Development Permits shall be submitted to the City s Historic Resources Board staff forthe
determination that the applications are consistent with the Secretary of Interior Standards
listed in Section 1 of these Design Guidelines.

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies 8. Permit Implementation, Page 1

Coastal Development Permit / Site Development Permit March 3rd, 20D8
CO 00*9
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Donor Signage
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1. Goals nnd Organization
2. Sign Type List
3. Location Plans
4; Directional Signs
5. Code Signs
5. Donor Signa
7. Informational Signs
8. Sile Key Plan
9. Budget

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Table of Contents Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nicholi Deiign

San Francisco, California
 o
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SIGNAGE MASTERPLAN PROGRAM OVERVIEW Center. Pedestrian signage al the curved

GOALS AND ORGANIZATION walls to the East Buildings provide additional
The signage system addresses the need.to cre- information about destinations and an orien-
The overall goals for this sludy are lo pro- ate a distinct and refined vocabulary of tation map of the entire complex.
pose signage for The Salk Institute which; graphic elements which unite the facilities of
identifies the Institute through a cohesive sign sysiem. The donor program consists of a prototypical
' in forma The graphic elements should extend and com- sign type and placement which can be imple-
directs pliment the forms and materials of the archi- mented as needed. Special (ite-specific donor
recognizes donors tecture of the Institute. conditions inspire unique designs and place-
This proposed signoge places emphasis on ments.
organizing the information in a hierarchy. The system of placement of these sign ele-
The goal is lo provide a consistent approach ments has been carefully coordinated with
to identification and direction In facilities and the architecture, bolh interior and exterior.
areas. This information is provided at loca- Emphasis has been placed on collecting FORMAT
tions which are decision points. The infor- information at key points, thus avoiding a
mation has been developed and located with cluster of signs throughout the Institute. As a Proposed signage for the Institute is located
the following user groups in mind: visitor approaches and travels through the on the site and architectural plans. The
persons attending a meeting Institute, signage occurs at the entrances and plans are located in this document after the
business visitors major decision points. Sign Type List. "Bullets" on the plans show
tourists approximate locations.
service A scries of signs exist for both vehicular and
Btaff pedeslrian traffic. Vehicular signage within The sign types are supported by elevation
T h e proposed sign types are organized within the Institute Hats destinations and directs vis- diagrams showing hypothetical placement.
four categories: itors lo those destinations or lo parking These diagrams do nol represent a proposed
tlirecliotltil sigimge nruiis. Tho firsl-linic gucsl is directed to the dciiign of the signs, only a relative Scale and
- vehicular and pedeslrian East Cenler Reception Area while the slaff propoaed organization of messages. Donor
code signage and business visitors are routed to their des- recognition messages are hypothetical.
-compliance with ADA and California ignated parking areas.
regulations Design and specific placement would he
donor recognition Pedestrian signage occurs at the two major developed in the design phase, working with
-centralized and decentralized entrances, from tlie parking areas, one at the the message schedule from (he programming
informational signage existing laboratories and two al the East phase.

THE S A L K I N S T I T U T E
Goals a n d O r g a n i z a t i o n Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nicholi Design.

San Francisco, California
 O
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Directional Donor

A. P r i m a r y Site ID U. C a r v e d on Existing Surface

B. Secondary Site ID V. Wall-Mounted P l a q u e
C. P r i m a r y Vehicular Directional W. Professorial Sludies P l a q u e
D. S e c o n d a r y Vehicular Directional X. L a b D o n o r ID
E. P e d e s t r i a n Directional Y. C h e r n o w / A x e l r o o d Genetics Lab
F. Secondary P e d e s t r i a n Directional Z. Wing ID
G. Directional al Curved Wall AA. B u r n s Reception Cenler
FI. Site Plan at Curved Wall BB. Lial of Distinguished Benefactors
J. Room ID CC. List of Bcnefaclors, P a t r o n s
K. Lob Function ID and Sponsors
L, Auditorium Events B o a r d DD. P r e s i d e n t ' s Club
EE. List of G u a r a n t o r s
FF. P a r t n e r a in Reaearch Society
GG. L a b o r a t o r y Technology Center ID
Code HH. Sitting Area ID
JJ, P o s t - D o c t o r a l Study C a r r e ! Donor ID
M. Public Area Evacuation M a p KK. de Hoffmann Auditorium Seats
N. Staff Evacuation M a p D o n o r ID
P. Stair ID LL. E q u i p m e n t D o n o r ID t
Q, ' Public Area Restroom ID
R. Staff Restroom
S. H a n d i c a p Access Informational
T, Handicap Parking
MM. H u m a n Resources Information B o a r d
NN. Security Grahics S t a n d a r d
PP. Historical Display
QQ. Time C a p s u l e ID

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type List Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 for Biolu(ial Stiulu

, els h m h tha n-ew a n d existmg n r c h i t m : t u n )

t h r o u g h i " eoiutructioli a n d use o f m a i e r i a U , which inciiulv The Salk l(.atiiui
c a r v e d I r a v e r i i n e u n d jlciinie.i.i UP.KL Thii puUttp. was
e x p a n d e d 6 j subtie differences in ihe finishes o f t h e stainless Ariihitects:
steel w . h a s e t c h , s a n d b l a s t a n d b e a d b i a s i \ n i h e u -(- Alle.n

il

fii
Jt

'fffll
;''-.-sy..\-
,fc JT. .t' t . . $ : . ,

.-^i # M W i p . - i

f^

-* . A - r-'
- j

i^a
Delara Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
 a.5
^

SIGN TYPES AA snd BB

A. SlainlcM itcel "H" shape.

Brushed finish, vertical grain.

B. Stainless steel panel, bcadblast fmish.

C. Daric grey vinyl copy adhenaj to

Main los steel. Typeface is Frudgcr Bold,

3"
r-io i/2- > Jc J-

'y>i

H.

+ DAYCARE CENTER

P N DETAIL ELEVATION & SIDE VIEW: SIGN TYPE AA

G.2 / Scale: 1-1/2" = r - 0 -
 SIGN TYPE DD
A. 1/4" thick ttainlcss steel panel,
bcadbtast finish. o
B. Dark grey vinyl symbol.
3/4 -
C. Dark grey vinyl copy. Copy
shown for example only. Actual
ll ^~ c
copy to be provided by owner. /" h , ^
4 N ^ f
Type style is Frutigcr Bold, f 1 '
KJ I J

^>

^D
3\ ELEVATION: SIGN TYPE DD
G.2 / Scale: l/2" = r - 0 "

-V
ACCESS
AT EAST S3

CENTER-
RECEPTION

DETAIL ELEVATION & SECTION: SIGN TYPE DD

G2 Scale: Half Full Size
^

SIGN TYPE E

A. Copy carved into cement wall. (Aj

Typeface is Fmtiger Bold.

JOHN AND MARY THOMPSON

n \ DETAIL ELEVATION: SIGN TYPE E

G.2 / Scale: 3 ' = I'-O"

SIGN TYPE EE
A. 1/8" thick stainless steel panel, bcadblast
finish. PLa-mounted to concrete surface.
B. Dark grey vinyl symbol.

s^v DETAIL ELEVATION AND SECTION: SIGN TYPE EE

: :
G.2 J Scale: Half Full Size '
 Q
% .

6"

" \ s
- &

<S)

SIGN TYPE FF
A, 1/4" thick stainless steel panel,
bcadbtast fmish.
B. Dark grey vinyl symbol.

^ T

? A DETAIL ELEVATION & SECTION: SIGN TYPE FF V \ ELEVATION: SIGN TYPE FF

G.2 J Scale: Half Full Size l .G.2 7 Scale: I" = I'-O"
 ^PANEL,COPY
SIGN TYPE C

A. Bcadblaslcd stainless steel panel by other.

1/16" thick clear acrylic panel behind S.S. panel.

y B. Wateijet cut letters out of existing stainless steel.

Typeface is Frutigcr Bold. Wateijet cut letters out
of clear acrylic to infill flush io steel. Illuminaiion
behind cm letters.

'(D ^ r JOHN AND MARY-

THOMPSON
DAY CARE CENTER

"KPN DETAIL ELEVATION: SIGN TYPE C

QZ / Scale: 3" = P-O"
 O

'=, ' '"

y *; y

i- .--> >".^; . ^ - ' - i l y

//'.:"'

*f

v * *. L Oi%lf N^PXA N S

^ B ^ ( ^ U a U - j X - 1 /vfehdarf 1905 n^.t^'

^f-*

Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 o
O
o
T 3. I A East Site
n ft
'" *~.'1S
IB East Parking
' ["., IC North Site
.>0
ID North parking
/X y> IE Courtyard
VS. y?
f 3? 2 East Buildings
,1
4 C.R.A.F.

.JJ. / //

-- S*:

mr/ ^li-i"
'-.$.' f^r----
^r^N^^^j^-^^^^it^f^, ^^^.-.ji

^' / f r
THE SALK INSTITUTE
Site Key Plan Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

Son Francisco, California
 THE SALK INSTITUTE
East B u i l d i n g - B a s e m e n t L e v e l P l a n Signage Program

15 January 1994 Debra Nicholi Design

San Franciico, Calilornia
 THE SALK INSTITUTE
Signage Program
East B u i l d i n g - First Level Plan
Debra Nichols Design
15 January 1994
San Francisco, California
 \
xS-

0"
THE SALK INSTITUTE
SignagetProgram
East B u i l d i n g - S e c o n d Level P l a n
Debra Nichols Design
15 January 1994
San Francisco, California
 c
o.
a
<p

THE SAIK INSTITUTE

Cancer R e s e a r c h A n i m a l F a c i l i t y S i g n a g e | Program

15 January 1994 Debra Nicholi Design

Son Francisco, Colifomia
 W
/V *V" : j '

:
M
^ .- i - 4 " .

> y */ &
^y--"y'
y $ ^ fM--r
- . y :^^i-^
^ -A ,

,*/-*

,..V r 'n*'*

'SI
^ I f WW.
^
k

1
1 A^ i ^J!iIajSBiTS?^,^^. i ^Sj^!SBsSg^ "::^ """ v - - ^

f -;

r:-.-^:.; : ^ ' " : " ; . ; : -'v ; ^^i^S0^ft.. : :" ;

": ' ' '' San Francisco, CalifornU >
^m/':
'%rm/m^t-y
';n
 c
Y
DONOR RECOGNITION PROGRAM k
T h e Pinal type of donor recognition i n d u d e f O
T h e Donor Recognition P r o g r a m for the two prototypical plaque designs, one larger
Institute is based on a hierarchy of levels of than the other. These would b e utilized for
donations. T h e donor signage has been iden- donor copy or a single name of a one-of-a-
tified in a m a n n e r which matches these staled kind n a t u r e . Examples of these include stud-
requirements. T h e levels of gift and naming ies, carrels, auditorium seals, and equip-
opportunities are indicated in a broad range ment. It is assumed that this sign type format
of applications. may be implemenled with the most frequency
and will be designed lo be very adaptable in a
Most donor recognition signs are unique variety of settings.
applications occuring in one or a limited In analyzing this Donor Recognition Program
series of locations. Most of these unique we have satisfied all the requirements and
npplicaliohs also serve as the facility identifl- created a system of donor recognition which
cntion. Exaiiiplcs of these include labornlo- has a|iplicnlions lu meet the needs of tbe
ries, the reception center; wings, and various ' Institute.
court and garden locolions.

Some of tlie donor recognition is organized in

large centralized groups. These groups arc
organized by a particular criteria, such as
level or the liming of the lit. They sometimes
contain hierarchical categories within them.
Examples of this type of listing include the
Benefactors/Patrons list, Presidents Club,
and tbe Distinguished Benefactors list.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Donor Recognition P r o g r a m Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Franciico, California
 o
, ^

'Ihe Public Area Evacuation Map f u l f i l t j ^ ?

current slate and local requirements for
emergency egress instructions. I t is located
at every public access elevator ond o l
entrances to public staircases.

The proposed materialt for the Public Area

Euacualion Map include a stainless steel
Evacuation Plan panel with silkscrenned'eopy and four-color
screened map.

i fwvJtiarnc
BdlWiUling
BJlStotr
RraHa
I HUM
Extingul iSer VoU

Vi an Emermncv Dial ?l 1. Emernncr UQnrii art: Pulsing wund - Evocuoto.

Floshing lighh - rjra. For oddnional inlonnaricn. liilen ID publfe oddren system.
F yov Of* In ntcd vl ipeckil gssiitance, pioaed lo lh nearesl odl iloirwrl
ami wail inikle. far tearily call 000-0000.

In Ctise of Fire Do N o t Use Elevator

Use S t a i r w a y

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e M : P u b l i c A r e a E v a c u a t i o n Map) Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Non-Public Area Evacuation /Jjjip
fulfills current locol and state requirements
for emergency egress instructions. It is
localed at elevators and the entrances of all
staircases in non^public areas.

The proposed materials for the Non-Public

Evacuation Plan Area Evacuation Map include, an acrylic
panel with silkscreened copy and four-
color screened map.

You A n
Hen e*l waning

i FinHeia
ExSnguiinflT VoU

In onTEmenjencv
timnjenc. OrJ 911. Efnergency sgnJs c r c Wsing w u n J " Evocuota.
Floihing ligfJi Fi. f t . oddilionjj (nlonrioSon. Rileo to public oddmi )p*>.
I( .yovi
tf n . n ini iu_4
need Jo* ,iciol
~ - i - J ^islttefice.
aisftuonce, prtieeed
protewi *>
* tw^
* ncorcil
necrc eiol itairwill
Ondwwl
' wtri iniid*.
i Fs. wcurOr m l OOHMOO.

In Case of Fire Do N o t Use Elevalor

Use S t a i r w a y

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type N : Non-Public A r e a Evacuation M a p Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

Son Francisco, California
 The Stair ID fulfills current state and local
requirements for Stair Identification. It is
located on every floor landing within an
enclosed staircase.

The proposed maierials for the Stair ID

include a polymer/ace on on acrylic backer

WEST STAIR with raised lettering and braille for the

ADA required messages. AH olher copy is
vinyl.

2^

B THRU 2
NO ROOF
ACCESS

T H E S A L K INSTITUTE
S i g n T y p e P: S t a i r ID Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Deiign

San Francisco, California
 The Public Area Restroom ID fulfills
current slate and locol requiremenls for
restroom identification. State required
signage is centered on the restroom door
while the ADA required signage is located 6'
from tbe latch side of the door.

The proposed materials for the Public Area

Restroom ID inciude a stainless steel panel
wilh raised lettering and braille and vinyl
symbols.

ADA
fe
VDHH
^T) 1
e= ' ; ; |

"1 Slate

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n T y p e Q : P u b l i c A r e a R e s t r o o m ID Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 \

The Non-Public Area Restroom ID fulfills

current local and state requirements for
restroom identification. Slate required
signage is centered on the restroom door
while the ADA required signage is localed 6"
from the latch side of the door.

116.
WOMEN
The proposed materials for the Staff
Restroom ID include an acrylic panel with
a polymer face for raised lettering and
braille and vinyl symbols.

ADA
tfe

Stale

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type R: N o n - P u b l i c A r e a R e s t r o o m Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 ^
CP
V
^

The Handicap Access signage fulfills

current state and local requirements
regarding signed information on the
location of the nearest handicap accessible
entrance at non-accessible entries.

The proposed materiaU for the Handicap

Access Signage include a stainless steel
panel with copy and symbols in vinyls.

k
(5
<- Access at
East Center
Reception

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type S: Handicap Access Signage Program

17January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Handicap Parking fulfills the Title 24
requirements for identifying Handicap
parking stalls.

The proposed materials for the Handicap

Parking graphics include painted steel and
wtnyl symbol.

&

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e T: H a n d i c a p P a r k i n g Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 This area specific donor recognition serves Q*
Sinith Reception Center as the area identification as well.

The proposed application f o r the Donor

Identification is carved inlo an exisiing
surface and includes a neutral color lo
infill the lelters.

Sinith Reception Center

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g h T y p e U: D o n o r ID - C a r v e d o n E x i s t i n g S u r f a c e Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 ^
This sign type serves as a prototypical
message plaque to carry donor information.
Il can be implemented in a variety of
locations.

The proposed materials for the Donor ID

Plaque include a stainless steel panel with
etched copy.

Agift
to the
Salk Institute
from the
John E. Smith Family

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e V : D o n o r ID - W a l l - M o u n t e d P l a q u e Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Professorial Studies Donor '
Identification is a plaque uniquely designed
lo occomodnte the donor listing for each
floor of the studies. Mounted on the
columns at the courtyard level, the plaques
combine the donor recognition in four
locations.

Tlie proposed materials for the Professorial

Studies Donor ID include a stainless steel
Professorial Studies panel with etched copy.

Gifts lo the Salk Institute

John Erncsl Sniilli

Thomas John Williams
Mary Knlherine Wliite
Jolm Ernest Smith
Thomas Jolm WilliamB
Mary Katherine While
John Erncsl Smith
Thomas Jolm Williams
Mary Katherine While

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Typb W : D o n o r ID - P r o f e s s o r i a l S t u d y Signage Program

17 Janau'ry 1995 Debra.Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Laboratory Donor ID program
i d e n t i f i e s t h e d o n o r ' s name f o r each w i n g .

T/e proposed material for the Laboratory

Donor ID includes vinyls to jimulolc
sandblasted finish on theglass.

-
< I
Smith Wing

r
SmllhWInf

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n T y p e X : D o n o r ID - L a b Signage Program

17 January 1 9 9 5
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
 %

The Che mow/Axel rood Genetics Lab dunor

recognition and identificntion of this
laboratory is a unique application.
The proposed materiok for the Genetics
Ladoratory / Chernow and Axelrood Wings
include vinyls to simulate a sandblasted
finish on the glass and stainless steel
ponelfsj with etched vinyls.

CcnclLcl Lalioralqrj Genetics Laboratory

A gift to the
Salk IneUlute
from the
Chemow Fiii!!]r
nd die
Mall Axelrood Fomilj

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n T y p e Y: D o n o r ID - C h e r n o w / A x e l r o o d Genetics Lab Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Donor Identification for the Burns
Reception Center presents a site-specific
situation; its location inspires the design of
a unique donor, condition. The entry
stairway lo the Reception Center offers the
opportunity to carve the donor's
identification on the concrete beam leading
down lo the Cenler,

The proposed material for the Donor

Identification at the Burns Reception
Burns Reception Cenler Center includes a neutral color to infill the
carried letters. Optional materials might
include dimentsional letters mounted to the
beam.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e A A : D o n o r ID - Burns Reception Center Signage Program

17 January 1995- Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 \
|

|
T U U h , E. 9llh Fi

n . t i . m . f . J , . , . Fimllj
Bllj |

|
Distinguished Benefactors |

1
Tkr J.h K. Smlll F.mllj

T l i . J . m r. F, J . . c F . l l ,
|

1
The centralized List of Distinguished
Benefactors is a site-specific group of
\ Al. umit *,-,J | Aloimltr * ( | | Atciindt V n . 1
1 | Alr..Jr * * . ^ l
| donors which is unique.
| A l t ! tod. Vlod | Altimitir 'm-l | j Altt.ndf
) Thi J . h . E- S n l l k
V t J
1 | Alt..-de W.l
I The proposed materials for the List of
f i iiir | ] T h . J.hn R. Smllli Fi 1 | Til* ]"Kn F. Sn.llh r>
| | Hii- Juhn e. siih r.mii, |
| T l i e J . m ,> -""r i Distinguished Benefactors includes stone
| Altiandc r
F. J . n e . F

Vosd 1
|
|
-n.c].mnF.|,.t.F.
AI(,,B<Jtr Wd^l
-. , 1| 1 T l i i J . F. J,OM F
-"'. 1 | T l . . J . n .F.J. . F.-.ir, |
strips with carved and filled copy.
| Alt.indc I W.od
j ' Alu.ndt Wood
J | A l t i t n d ,t W.~l
1 'Distinguished Benefactors' might be
| A l u . - J . . W...I | | A l t u n d .r Wnrf
1j All..1-1.r * . o . l
1 dimensional letters mounted to the concrete
surface. Optional materials might include
stainless steel strips with etched copy.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type BB: D o n o r ID - List o f D i s t i n g u i s h e d B e n e f a c t o r s Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, Colifornio
Sponsors This centralized List of Benfactors, Patrons
and Sponsors represents a silc-specific
I
group of donors which is unique.
| The Julin E. Siphh Finillf | T W L 3><- n T..IIR
1 MtltM. Emil, I'.L.ltk
| n n h i n k l El.lo S.nJin | 1 ai<i>iir i t t r . 7 W.ll.c . r.l.ltV I t . r m t HU
The proposed materials for the List of
| J m t i Derrick U ' D I i | T l i . J . - f . r . J . > Fin Altiindrr ' = 4
| Benefactors, Patrons, and Sponsors
| Till Jaha E. Snllh F>nil) | | T l , , m . S i x Tsanf includes brushed stainless steel strips with
| H . l l . . . Ewllf r n r l i k
| N.lhuiiltl El>l> SmmJtn ] | Jl.pl.. j.rrr <r w.n.. | rick Ale engraved copy. 'Benefactors', 'Patrons',
\ Jamn DcrHck L . T I I I I ) | T W . net F I > I I F..
| A l m i x i l e r W.mt and 'Sponsors" would be fabricated letters
mounted to the concrete surface.

pgsi^ men
^ iSi fet^
:s&^= &fea Swa
taiP^ ggft== fifefa
-i-V-l 5^ W ^

T H E S A L K INSTITUTE
Sign T y p e CC: D o n o r ID - List o f B e n e f a c t o r s / P a t r o n s Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 % .

President's Club The centralized Donor Identification of the

President's Club represents a aile-specific
lolarina Hkl-J. C - i h t l
group of donors which is unique.
< * . * . Hkkoli CmMct
<Wh-ln Mdnli C M A EalUrW Nklvli C * " i * ^
U t v h a H k M i Cn-iiHcl Ulfwhrt Mc^ah Cvn-Mwl K . l a i h . I I K U l CvnHit The proposed materials for the President's
h f i r i i H Mdal. C - W l
Club includes brushed stainless steel strips
Irf^-rtd-iCl with vinyl copy. Each year a new panels
IMvtaFWal.CwKl
will be used to replace the existing.
U*k HfcUfc C l ~ l 'President's Club' might be dimensional
M > * NWk C U - l
letters mounted (o the concrete surface.
Optional materials might include glass with
gold-leaf copy.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e DD: D o n o r ID - P r e s i d e n t ' s Club Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
 %

' ^

Guarantors This centralized List of Guarantors

represents a site-specific group of donors
which is unique.
K r f . * - H>h* C>-Wl Icfc,H H d J . Ca-iih>t [ ^ t a
b<h. FU-k C^itai t J - 4 - FUah < : A K I Rall-HnNWakCnMl
1 , ,L
h * h . H W J i Cmuck
t ^ w h H b M l ConHKk
ira(l4rlna MelMli Cv.4^1 ( . * - * IfeM, CMI
I . * , . * - W M . Cn.h.1
t . * , . ^ . HUM. C n V a l
E v h ^ a M c M i CwnMb ." "' The- proposed materials for the List of
btHkUolk falh^lna Mffwli Cvnibth U l - i l n a Mklak Cri^t (.t,.^, HUM. <:,wi
Ksfarin. N k W i C . l o r h
b i h ^ W Nldrtli CMirt^l r*.Jr-HV Guarantors includos brushed stainless steel
Ulforh. N k W i f n i M r l r i ^ . K r - HUak Ca*,b<t Inlfml M i W i C a ~ . l
U l f v l n . Nkhot CmilHk ^rin.inikohCa.ihct K . * , H NWt. C o - i W l eforirp. Hldwli C m ^ v d Rofcarfe. HI Jwk CtoiriKl t i l f a r i i * Hlchak C B I ^ I I panels with etched copy. A new panel
t k - l ~ HIcWi CsnibA Ko'viffrpa HI<M| Co-ih^l alh.ri N k W . Co- M l
IMkutn. NkUk C m W i IHhnln. H d r i . Cw.ii Il4tm H k W i C a - M d tsfcrlna HUlak C a . i l . 1 Wt-*-Ml would be applied as the donor names
I H h M n U d J . Caattal Rafr.rir* Nhtvll Cvatfrnil
trfwtoa NkW> C a - n d t r f v h a Hkl-k C n i B d b t - h - Hd-1, C . !
expand beyond (he quanltty of the
b f h i Nkhok CanMd
b k a H J _ L CniUiA
Irfwh. HMJ. C * i
t ^ - r t - Wd-I. C W l 1 ^ * + - H d - t C.otl Kata^HU
preceeding panel. 'Guarantors' 1 might be
fabricated letters mounted to the wall
s urface.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n Type EE: D o n o r ID - List of G u a r a n t o r s Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
Partners in Research The centralized donor recognition list for
the Partners in Research Society represents
a site-specific group of donors which is
IM-t-Nkkah C . M l
Ml
W-WNkMiC^Ml
U k - r t n Hd-oh O n i M l b t w h . NkM, C M '
unique.
Ia*-ln.NI<Mi C n M l Talh. F d M . C s a M t b _ k . N k M . CanMa1
Hilton. M d J . C a ~ M l *a*-h. A M i Co-Mi I f r t ^ N U K J . Ca-Ua.

RaAwha NW^Ii
C<nMk l a t ^ k . HIcMi C B . M t
K . l ^ k . MkMi Ca-Md
[aArf^HkUiCo-.tocI
ITDlUrhi H k U . Cm-Mi
The proposed materials for the list of the
K.llwha HIdal. C v d o l l 1 ^ * * . N k W i Ca~itoil I.ikartn H l d J , C m Partners in Research Society includes
'<<-rU.Nkl.li O M k M w l n a HVhJ, C * d ,
CcnMt b l U r i f i . rArivk Ctatdnl b h r i n . Hldvoli Ci brushed stainless panels with etched copy.
C-Ml IMk.rin.HhMiCwMl b l k a * a Hfekali C J - l
A new panel would be applied as the donor
I.*V- N k M i Cm- M l trf-t-HWW.CMl Ik.rka Nkkal. CmMck
K.*k-NW-hCMl Irfwha WAJ. ( U - M t t o * * - Hld-1. C*>tf-A names eipand teyond the quantify of the
b h - h a Kkkak C a . i B . 1 oidr, K k U . CMA
btwh. W.M CMA
preceeding panel. 'Partners in Research'
might be dimensional letters mounted lo the
concrete surface.

P . r l n . t . ] IU

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e FF: D o n o r ID - P a r t n e r s i n Research S o c i e t y Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 % .

\ ^
The Laboratory Technology Center ID
serves as donor recognition and facility
information.

The proposed materials for the Donor ID al

the Laboratory Technology Center include
a stainless steel panel with etched copy.

Agift
to the
Salk Institute
from the
e= John E. Smith Family

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e G G ; D o n o r ID - L a b o r a t o r y T e c h n o l o g y C e n t e r ID Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, Califomia
 V cP
The Donor Identification al the Silling
William John Smith Areas serves as a prototypical message
plaque to carry a donor's name.

The proposed materials for the Donor ID at

the Sitting Areas include a stainless steel
strip with etched and filled copy or
graphics carved directly onto the furniture
where applicable.

r-tsm.** ;

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e H H : D o n o r ID - S i t t i n g A r e a s Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
 %
VP
The Donor Identification at the Posl-
William J o h n Smith Doctoral Study Carrel serves as a
prototypical message plaque to carry a
donor's name.

The proposed materials for the Donor ID at

the Post-Doctoral Study Carrels include a
stainless steel strip with etched copy.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type J J ; D o n o r ID - P o s t - D o c t o r a l S t u d y C a r r e l Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, Colifornio
 %

&

The Donor Identification at the Auditorium

William John Smith Seats serves as a prototypical message
plaque lo carry a donor's name.

The proposed materials for the Donor ID at

the /luditorium Seats include a stainless
steel strip with etched copy.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e K K : D o n o r ID - A u d i t o r i u m Seats Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
Son Francisco, California
 %

///A'.
- ^ i , ^ > i S ! ..-v..

Debra NichpU Design

3 San Francisco, California

 %
>

1
The Human Resources Informotion Board
is a central location point for displaying
employee related information.

The proposed materials for the Human

Resources Information Board include a
custom stainless steel carrier with a glass
face.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e M M : H u m a n Resources I n f o r m a t i o n B o a r d Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 \

The Security Signage Slantard serves as a

prototypical message plaque to carry
security related operations information.

The proposed materials for the Security

Signage Standard include stainless steel
panel with vinyl copy.

nsert Key Care

or Entrance

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type N N : Security Signage S t a n d a r d Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 The Historical Display is a central locatio
point for displaying a history of th
Institute as described by Jonas Salk.

The proposed materials for' the Securil

Signage Standard include a custoi
stainless steel carrier with a glass face.

THE SALK INSTITUT

S i g n T y p e PP: H i s t o r i c a l D i s p l a y Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 %

This sign is a site-specific design for

identifying the buried time capsule.

Time Capsule The proposed materials for the Time

Capsule ID include stainless steel panel
with etched copy.

3
a
U

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type Q Q : Time Capsule ID Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

Son Francisco, Califomia
Debra Nichols Design
San Francisw California,
 \
The Primary Site ID serves as the primjn^
announccmenl of the Institute from Torrey
Pines Rood. For the visitor, it is the firsl
gesture of the sile and should impart tbe
character of the Instititute through its use
of materials and construction.

The proposed materials for the Primary

sile ID include a poured-in-place concrete
base with fabricated stainless steel or
letters cast into concrete.

Salk Institute
f o r Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road

THE S A L K I N S T I T U T E
Sign Type A : P r i m a r y Site ID Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, California
 \
cP
The Secondary Site ID, located on Torrey
Pines Road, provides identity for the
Institute at tbe secondary entrance. It is a
facility identification and also identifies ibe
service entrance. This sign would occur at
any other secondary entrances. It is a
companion to the primary site ID but of a
reduced scale.

The proposed materials for the Secondary

Site ID include a poured-in-place conrete
base with fabricated stainless steel tellers
applied to the front surface.

Salk Institute
f o r B i o l o g i c a l Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road

4 " Deliveries

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type B: S e c o n d a r y Site ID Signage Program

17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
Son Francisco, California
 \
Once the visitor has entered the sile off of
Torrey Pines Road onto, either Salk
Institute Road or Torrey Pinea Scenic
Road, they are guided by the Primary
Vchiculor Dircctionol. Tbis sign type lists
major destinations such as Visitor Parking,
Reception, ihe Meeting Center, Deliveries,
etc.

The proposed materials for the Primary

Vehicular Directional- include a painted
metal surface and vinyl letters.

Visitor Fating
Eosl Center
Reception
Meeling Room

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e C: P r i m a r y V e h i c u l a r D i r e c t i o n a l Signage Program
17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
 As a visilor turns off of Solk Institute Roatr
or Torrey Pines Scenic Road, ihey are
guided by tbe Secondary Vehicular
Directional signs. These signs may also
occur on various site reads or in parking
lots. They carry information about
additional parking and directional
info rmn tion.

The proposed materials for the Secondary

Vehicular Directional include a painted
metal surface and vinyl letters.

4-AcldKon>i
PcilunO

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign T y p e D: S e c o n d a r y V e h i c u l a r D i r e c t i o n a l Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Deiign .

San Francisco, California
 VV
The Pedestrian Directionals are localed ol
mnjor jioilcstrinn inlcrecclioiu. These may
be between facilities or from parking areas
lo entry courts or vestibules. They carry
primary information regarding major
destinations such aa Reception and the
Meeting Center. Probobly the most
significant instance of this sign type .is the
one which provides directional information
to the East Cenler Reception.

The proposed materials for the Pedestrian

Directional include a stainless steel surface
with an etched pattern and vinyl letters.

b.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type E: P e d e s t r i a n D i r e c t i o n a l Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

San Francisco, Califomia
 ine ^^^unoary *, Directional, a
i. ..-" si- _ erpendicular to ihe wall
- r - - identifiij secondary destinations
">omB in public areas. These
signs are iu.- '"d to "" :ur primarily in
- exterior walkways. They are
sur lace-mounted.

j ne proposed materials incude for the

Secondary Pedesi--'-" ^'"ctional include a
.t tti fm ^-onf - ,, ;nyl icons.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Siyn Type F: Secondary Pedestrian Directional Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

Son Francisco, California
 o

The Directional Signage al the Curved Wall

is integrated into the structure of the wall.
Tbe sign panel includes illumination for
emphasis. It guides the visitor lo the South
Wing of the East Cenler through
identification of the Reception Area and the
Meeting Center. Its companion element on
tbe symmetrical north wall presents a
diagrammalic site plan of the entire
Institute.

The proposed materials for the Directional

Signage at the Curved Wall include a
stainless sleel panel with cut-out letters for
internal illumination.

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n Type G : D i r e c t i o n a l a t C u r v e d W a l l Signage Program

17January 1995 Debra Nichols Deiign

San Francisco, California
 ' ^

The Sile Plan at the Curved Wall not only ^

*v
provides localion informaiion and
orientation but also becomes a symbol of
the Institute through the plan. Ori a -
diagrammalic level, it dislinguishes between
the existing laboratories and the new East
Cenler. as well as the parking areas
throughout the site. On a symbolic level,
the site plan, inspired by Dr. Jonas Salk,
represents the newly expanded Institute.

The proposed materials/or the Site Plan at

the Curved Wall include metal panels with
various yinishes for the site plan which
would be mounted lo a stainless steel panel.

T H E S A L K INSTITUTE
Sign T y p e H; Site P l a n a t C u r v e d W a l l Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design

Son Francisco, California
 o.
0
<?.
A
The Room ID carries the permanent room ^
number per ADA specifications as well as a
provision for changeable messages which
may indicate a function or identity. The
message panel will be designed lo be easily
changed by staff.

"The proposed materials for the Room ID

include an acrylic carrier for a laser-
145 printed message. A polymer panel will
carry ADA regulated permanenl
information.

Research
Facility

THE SALK INSTITUTE

Sign Type J: Room ID Signage Program
17 January 1995
Debra Nichols Design
San Franciico, California
 The Laboratory Funclion ID identifies the
currenl use of the lab and accomodates
multiple changes wiihin the funclion of the
lab.

The proposed materials for the Laboratory-

Function ID includes vinyls to simulote a
saitdblastyintsJi in the metal.

Human Genetics Laboratory

II mmmm C m Oil L i l r M r . ,

THE S A L K I N S T I T U T E
Sign T y p e K: Lab Function ID Signage Program

17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design,..

San Francisco, California
 % .
V,

The Events Board is a changeable and

moveable message board which can be
utilized throughout tbe Reception Area
during special functions. It provides guests
.wilh a listing of the day's events in the
Meeling Center.

Tlie proposed materials for the events

board include a siatnless steel base and
stainless steel frame designed lo
accomodate a temporary insert.

S p e c i a l Events
Sp*dol l v * n
Uclunbr
Or. JBBISOJV;

Tndilng
Lecture by
Dr. Jonas Salk:

Genetic Tracking

THE SALK INSTITUTE

S i g n T y p e L: E v e n t s B o a r d Signage Program
17 January 1995 Debra Nichols Design
San Francisco, California
11
 SALK I N S T I T U T E F O R B I O L O G I C A L
STUDIES

LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA

HISTORIC RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT

Prepared by
Page & Tumbull, Inc.
March 7, 2007
 Historic Resources Technical Rfport Salk Institutefor Biobgical Studies
10010 North Torrg Pines Road
San Diego, CaHfomia
(

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. I N T R O D U C T I O N

II. S U M M A R Y O F D E T E R M I N A T I O N

IIL C U R J I E N T H I S T O R I C STATUS 7

A.. Califomia Historical Resource Information System 7

B. City of San Diego Register of Historic Landmarks 8

C. San Diego Progress Guide and General Plan 9

D. University Community Plan 10

IV. D E S C R I P T I O N 11

v4. General Site Description 11

B. East Mesa 11

C. North Mesa 18

D. South Mesa 18

V. H I S T O R I C C O N T E X T 20

A.. Prehistoric Era 20

B. Historic Era: Spanish and Mexican Periods 21

C. American Period 23

D. Project Vicinity History 28

E. Project Site History 30

F. San Diego Donates Land to the Salk Institute 36

G. Louis Kahn Designs the Salk Institute 37

H. Construction 40

I. Landscape 41

J. Salk Institute 1965 to Present 43

March 7, 2007 Page & Tumbull, Inc.

Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institutefor Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Read
San Diego, Califomia

K. Jonas K. Salk 45

L. The Louis I. Kahn 47

VI. E V A L U A T I O N O F H I S T O R I C S T A T U S 50

A . Califomia Register of Historic Places 50

VII. E V A L U A T I O N O F P R O J E C T - S P E C I F I C IMPACTS U N D E R CEQA 51

A . Project Description 51

B. Status of Existing Site as a Historical Resource 53

C Determination of Significant Adverse Change under CEQA 54

D. Evaluation ofthe Project Pursuant to the Secretary ofthe Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation 54

.E. Analysis of Project Specific Impacts under C E Q A 62

VIII. SUGGESTED M I T I G A T I O N 65

A. HABS'-Level'Recordation 65
B. Landscape Rehabilitation 66

IX. C O N C L U S I O N 68

X. R E F E R E N C E S C I T E D 69

A . Books, Articles, and Unpublished Reports 69

B. Public Records . 70

C Online Resources 70

XI. A P P E N D I X 71

A. List of Important Works by Louis Kahn 71

B. Map of Camp Callan 72
C Exhibit X, 1963 Plot Plan 73

March 7, 2007 Page <& Tumbull, Inc.

 \j Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institute for Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road
/ ' San Diego, Califomia

1. INTRODUCTION

This Historic Resources Technical Report (Report) has been prepared at the request of tlie Salk
Institute for Biological Studies (Salk Institute). Page & Tumbull has been asked to evaluate the
potential impacts of the proposed expansion of the Salk Institute campus on historic resources
(Figure 1). The 26.34-acre campus is located at 10010 North Torrey Pines Road (APN 342-010-38),
north of the community of La Jolla in San Diego, California. Donated to the Salk Institute in 1959 by
San Diego voters, the parcel is roughly U-shaped, with the base of the U (referred to in this report as
the East Mesa) located on North Torrey Pines Road (Figure 2). The two arms ofthe U embrace an
offsite coastal sage scrub-covered canyon that is part of the Gty-owned Torrey Pines City Park. The
southern arm of the U, which consists of the undeveloped South Mesa, is bounded by Salk Institute
Drive to the south. The northern arm, bounded to the north by Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, is
devoted primarily to surface parking and interim laboratory structures. At the core of the campus is
the historic Laboratory complex and associated landscaping designed by architect Louis 1. Kahn in
consultation with Salk Institute founder Jonas K, Salk.

The Salk Institute is proposing to expand its scientific research facility in a manner that is consistent
with the provisions of the City's University Commumty Plan and the North City Local Coastal
Program/Land Use Plan. The project, which will necessitate obtaining development permits from the
City, will ultimately allow for the phased construction of the new buildings containing approximately
239,000 square feet of space. The buildings will include a new laboratory/reception building, a
meeting center, a basement core facility to house specialized research equipment and maintenance
equipment storage, an employee daycare facility, interim residential quarters, and approximately 1,120
underground parking spaces. The project would be phased gradually over the next thirty to fifty
years. Referencing Louis Kahn's original 1963 plot plan (hereafter referred to as "Exhibit X") (See
A p p e n d i x C), the proposed expansion will result in the construction of new buildings on the North,
South and East Mesas, allowing the Salk Institute to attain its 500,000 square-foot capacity provided
for in the University Community Plan.

This report provides a detailed description of.the.Salk Institute campus; a discussion of its existing
historical status, including an evaluation of its eligibility for listing in the California Register of
Historical Resources (California Register) and the National Register of Historical Places (National
Register); an extensive historical context statement; and an evaluation of the proposed project under

March 7, 2007 Page & Tumbull, Inc.

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 r^\J ** Historic Resources Technical Report Saik Institutefor Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road
*
San Diego, Califomia

the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City of San Diego

Historic Resources Guidelines.

' RIVERSIDE
;_ _ COUNTY
S
ORANGE!" ^ S '-
COUNTY I COUNTY

TlhtBTH N ^ ]

F i g u r e 1. L o c a t i o n m a p
Souice: H e l i x E n v i r o n m e n t a l P l a n n i n g

March 7, 2007 Page & Tumbull, Inc.

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 . , #
> ;
# Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institute for Biological Studies
$ 10010 North Torrey Pines Road
San Diego, Califomia

F i g u r e 2. Salk I n s t i t u t e parcel b o u n d a r i e s
Source: Salk I n s t i t u t e for Biological Studies; a n n o t a t e d by P a g e & T u m b u l l

March 7. 2 0 0 7 Page eb" Tumbull, Inc.

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^ O Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institutefor Biologcal Studies
^ 10010 North Tomy Pines Road
San Diego, Cahfomia

II. SUMMARY O F D E T E R M I N A T I O N

The Salk Institute is one of the most significant monuments of the Modern Movement in the State
of California. The Kahn-designed Laboratory complex is also universally recognized by architectural
historians as being one of the most significant Modernist works in the United States. Designed in the
early 1960s and completed in 1965, the Laboratory complex and adjoining landscape elements
comprise one of Kahn's most important built projects. Designed in response to continuous input
fiom institute founder Jonas Salk, the Laboratory complex is significant not only for its aesthetic
contributions to the body of architecture, but also for its innovative layout and organization, serving
as the model for dozens of subsequent research and scientific laboratories constructed throughout
the world.

Rendered in Kahn's unique classically-influenced strain of Modernism, the Kahn-designed section of

the Salk Institute is comprised of a single laboratory complex consisting of two above-ground
buildings above a continuous basement level. The north and south laboratory buildings flank an
exquisite travertine-finished courtyard with unobstructed views of land, ocean, and sky. In addition
to the Laboratory complex, the 1962 Kahn/Salk master plan also included two additional building
complexes, including the proposed "Meeting Center" and "Quarters for Visiting Fellows." Intended
for the North and South Mesas, respectively, neidier was ever built due to funding issues. Therefore,
the Laboratory complex and adjoining landscaping are the only significant portions of the Kahn
master plan to be realized.

The overall integrity of the campus has been compromised since the completion of the Laboratory
complex in 1965. Changes that have occurred include the construction of non-contributing
temporary buildings on the N o r t h Mesa and a portion of the East Mesa. Furthermore, in 1985, the
Sali Institute exchanged two acres of land along the western edge of the South Mesa for an
equivalent amount of City-owned land on the southern edge of the North Mesa. This transaction
altered the configuration of the parcel, which, in effect, precluded the literal realization of the
Kahn/Salk master plan as originaliy designed.

More far-reaching changes occurred in the early 1990s when the Saik Institute began planning its first
new permanent building since 1965. The Salk Institute retained three architectural firms with well-
known Modernist pedigrees t o design the East Building: Anshen & Allen, David Rmehart, and Jack

Manh 7, 2007 Page & Tumbull, Inc.

A-
p&*
^ Historic Resources Technical Repori Salk institute for Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road
San Disgo, Califomia

MacAllister, FAIA. The choice of MacAUister is especially significant as he was Kahn's local site
architect during the construction of the 1965 Laboratory complex. Although the East Building was
opposed by some neighbors who did not wish to see any additional development on the site, it was
completed in 1995. Designed to be compatible with the original Kahn-designed Laboratory complex,
the East Building was planned and constructed so that it would not impair the important views from
the east toward the ocean.

More recently, the Salk Institute has begun planning to amend existing permits and update the
original master plan in an effort to complete the campus. Today, however, the Salk Institute finds
itself constrained by many factors not faced by Kahn when he prepared the original master plan in
1962, including more restrictive building codes and a more advanced awareness of sensitive habitat
issues. Another complication is neighboring property owners objecting to additional construction on
the campus. When the Salk Institute was built, it was located on the fringes of suburban La Jolla.
Since 1965, several dozen large single-family homes have been constructed south o f t h e campus on
what had been the site of oil tycoon William Black's La Jolla Farms property.

According to the Stale's C E Q A Guidelines, a "project with an effect that may cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of an historic resource is a project that may have a significant
effect on the environment." 1 The significance of a historic resource is impaired when a project
materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that convey its historical
significance and that justify its inclusion in, or eligibility for inclusion in, the Califomia Register. The
Proposed Project will result in the construction of several new buildings on the campus, mostiy on
sections earmarked by Kahn for future development or in areas that no longer retain design integrity.
The proposed new buildings and landscape features will be designed in compliance with design
guidelines in a modern idiom reflecting their era of construction. Most important, they will be. sited
to minimize their visual impact on the historic Kahn-designed section of the campus. As designed,
the project will result in a limited number of substantial impacts to the site. However, as
demonstrated in Section IX, the impacts can be mitigated and thereby reduced to a less-than-
significant level.

Based on the City of San Diego's Development Services Department's bulletin entitied: Significance
Determmation Thresholds: Califomia Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (November 2004), the impact

i Public Resources Code Seclion 21084.1.

March 7, .?007 Page & Tumbull, Inc.

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Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institute for Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines i W
San Diego, California

assessment for any project that could result in impacts to a historical resource must include the
delineation of the Area of Potential Effects (APE). The A P E includes both the areas of direct and
indirect impacts. Direct impacts include activities such as site grading, road construction, excavation,
demolition, new construction, alteration and all other physical repercussions. Indirect impacts include
less tangible results such as visual, audible, or atmospheric effects that "are out of character with the
historic property" or that "alter its setting." For the purposes of assessing the Proposed Project's
potential impacts on historical resources, Page & Tumbull has established the APE as the entire legal
parcel owned by the Salk Institute for Biological Studies described in Section I and illustrated in
Figure 2. The entire legal parcel was selected on the'basis of the pending National Register
nomination submitted on behalf of the neighbors of the Salk Institute (La Jolla Farms Homeowners
and Friends of Salk Canyon) to the State Historic Resources Commission in 2005. This nomination,
which was returned to the applicants for revisions, determined the entire legal parcel as the potential
historic resource.

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 <9>
fc Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institute for Biological Studies
10010 North Torny Pines Road
San Diego, Cahfomia

III. C U R R E N T H I S T O R I C S T A T U S

This section examines the national, state, and local historical ratings assigned to the Salk Institute.

A . Califomia Historical Resources Information Sysiem

Page & Tumbull requested a record search of the California Historical Resources Information
System (CHRIS) from the South Coast Information Center at San Diego State University. According
to information center staff, the Salk Institute has not been assigned a California Register Status Code
(Status Code). Properties listed or under review by the State of Cahfomia Office of Historic
Preservation (OHP) are assigned Status Codes of " 1 " to " 7 " to establish a record of their historical
significance. Properties with a Status Code of " 1 " are listed in the California Register or National
Register. Properties with a Status Code of " 2 " have been formally determined eligible for listing in
the California Register or National Register. Properties with a Status Code of " 3 " or " 4 " appear to be
eligible fot listing in either register through survey evaluation. Properties with a Status Code of " 5 "
are typically locally significant or are of contextual importance. A Status Code of " 6 " indicates that
the property has been found ineligible for listing in any register, and a Status Code of " 7 " indicates
that the property7 has not yet been evaluated.

On August 5, 2005, the Califomia State Historical Resources Commission (SHRC) heard testimony
fiom a coalition ofneighbors of the Salk Institute (La Jolla Farms Homeowners and Friends of Salk
Canyon) in support of a nomination prepared by them to list the Salk Institute in the National
Register. The SHRC, against the wishes of the Salk Institute, which sought to establish a more
concise boundary, concurred with the applicants and determined that the entire parcel was eligible
for listing in the National Register. Due to the Salk Institute's opposition to the nomination as
prepared, the property cannot be formally listed in the National Register. Upon reception by the
Keeper of the National Register, O H P will assign the Salk Institute a Status Code of "2S," meaning
that the property is an "Individual property determined eligible for NR by the Keeper. Listed in the
CR." 2 Any property located in California and formally determined eligible for listing in the National
Register is automatically listed in the California Register. 3

2
California Of5ce of Historic Preservation, "California Historical Resource Status Codes."
3
California Public Resources Code Section 5024.1(d)(1), Califomia Register oj'Historical'Resources.

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^ N^-
Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institutefor Biological Studies
10010 North Torrey Pines Road
San Diego, California

In discussions at the two hearings which preceded the SHRC's decision to approve the National
Register nomination, held on February 4, 2005 and August 5, 2005, various commissioners indicated
that the nomination would not prevent future development on the site. At the February hearing,
Chair Anthea Hartig stated: "But what we are doing is not going to preclude additional buildings on
that site in the future. 1 think that's very important for us to remember always." At the same hearing,
Commissioner Claire Bogaard stated: "We know there are going to be additional we assume, 1
should say but there are going to be additional buildings on that site." Commissioner Bogaard
reiterated that position at the August hearing, stating: "And to me, Salk can, and undoubtedly will,
build in the north and south mesas if the properties are listed on the National Register or not. I, of
course, hope that the Salk people will think very carefully about what they do design on the
stmctures [sic], the design [should be] in keeping with Louis Kahn's originai plan." 4

B. City of San Diego Register of Historic Landmarks

O n February 27, 1991, the San Diego Historical Site Board voted to include the Salk Institute Site
No. 304 in the San Diego Register of Historic Landmarks on the basis of its association with Louis I.
Kahn and Dr. Jonas Salk and for its "architectural significance." According to the resolution, the
designation "specifically covers all fagades of both buildings, the view to the west which they frame,
the upper terrace entry way with its ornamental grove concept, the central plaxa with its watercourse,
the lower terrace with its fountain, gates and terrazzo seating areas." The resolution went on to state:

This is no way intended to curtail the future development of other areas of the site
as was originally intended. Additionally, the Board (1) approved the. proposed
construction of a new East Entry and Multipurpose Building consistent with the
plans, model and design shown to the Board and (2) directed staff to prepare a
nomination to the National Register of Historic Places for the Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, San Diego, CA. 5

The National Register nomination was never completed by City staff. As part of the environmental
review of the East Building in 1990, the San Diego Planning Department subsequently instituted a
100' buffer zone between the new building and the Laboratory complex as part of mitigation
measures for the project. 6

4
Excerpts from transcript of State Historic Resource Commission Hearing (February 4 and August 5, 2005).
5
San Diego Historical Site Board, "Resolution Number R - 9102272" (Adopted February 27,1991).
6
San Diego Planning Department, "Miligaled Negative Declaration-Salk Institute Expansion"Dep. No. 90-1140,1990.
The text reads: "The exterior fagade of the existing structures would not be altered in any way. The Institute and proposed
East Building would be separated by a minimum of 100 feet. This 100-foot buffer is considered adequate mitigation by the

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& * > Historic Resources Technical Report Salk Institutefor Biological Studies
10010 North Torrry Pines Rs>ad
San Diego, Califomia

C San Diego Progress Guide and General Plan

The San Diego Progress Guide General Plan (General Plan) is the City's blueprint for guiding development
and resource protection. Currendy, the City is engaged in the process of updating the General Plan. As
required by the State of Califomia, the General Plan is composed of seven chapters, or "elements."
These include Land Use, Circulation, Housing, Conservation, Open Space, Noise and Safety. In
addition to these, the City has adopted several optional elements that address other issues important
to San Diegans.

The Cultural Resources Management Element is one of these optional elements. Its purpose is stated in
the Findings section: "For the citizens of San Diego to derive maximum educational and aesthetic
benefit from our cultural resources, sites must be adequately protected and their surrounding
environments preserved." Cultural resources are defined as "physical features, both natural and man-
made, associated with human. activity. These may include such physical objects and features as
archaeological sites and artifacts, buildings, groups of buildings, street furniture, signs and planted
materials; in short, almost anything that connotes man's past presence." The Cultural Resources
Management Element discusses in general terms archaeological and historic site preservation in San
Diego, including the roles and responsibilities of the Historic Site Board, the status of cultural
resource surveys, the State Historic Building Code, overlay districts, the Mills Act, conservation
easements, and other public preservation incentives and strategies. The Cultural Resources Management
Element concludes with a discussion of criteria used by the Historic Site Board to designate landmarks
and includes a list of recommended steps to strengthen historic preservation in San Diego. 7
Historical Sites are mostly concentrated within a handful of districts, in particular Centre City, Old
Town, Point Loma, and La Jolla Village. Only a few Historical Sites have been designated outside
these areas; one such site is the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. 8

City Architects Of&ce and by the Historical Site Board to preserve the historical and architectural significance of the
existing buildings. .
7
San Diego Planning Department,-Jan Diego General P l a n - CulturalResources Managemenl Element (San Diego: San Diego
Planning Department, 1997), p. 217.
e Ibid

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D. University Community Plan

T h e Salk Institute is located within the University Community planning area. Adopted by the San

c Diego City Council on July 7, 1987, the University Community Plan is an area plan of the San Diego
General Plan. The University Community Plan contains a set of objectives and policies to guide decisions
affecting land use within the University Community. 9 The University Community planning area
covers an area of approximately 8,500 acres bounded by Los Penasquitos Lagoon and the Sorrento
Valley to the north; the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe tracks, NAS Miramar, and Interstate 805 to the
east; State Route 52 to the south; and U.S. Interstate 5, Oilman Drive, North Torrey Pines Road, and
the Pacific Ocean to the west. Although the University Community Plan does not contain a Preservation
Element, the Salk Institute is mentioned as being an important part of the community, both
economically and for its urban design qualities. Section 11(A)(6) ofthe Resource Management Element o i
the University Commumty Plan addresses cultural resources; however, this section only discusses
archaeological sites.

9
San Diego City Council, "Resolution Number R - 268789" (San Diego: San Diego Cit)' Coundl, adopted July 7, 1987).

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rv. DESCRIPTION

Figure 3. Perimeter plantings along North Figure 4. East Parking Lot

Torrey Pines Road Source; Page & Tumbull
Source: Page & Tumbull

A . General Site Description

As discussed above, the Salk Institute is located approximately three miles north of La Jolla, on a U-
shaped, 26.34-acre site overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The oddly configured parcel is composed of
three small mesas North, South, and East that embrace a steep and narrow coastal canyon near
the center of the property. Most of the canyon proper is part of Torrey Pines City Park and not
owned by the Salk Institute. The dramatic coastal site served several purposes prior to the
construction of the Salk Institute; remnants of these prior uses survive in places.

B. East Mesa
Presentiy, the East Mesa is the most intensively developed portion of the Salk Institute campus due
to its level topography and proximity to North Torrey Pines Road. The easternmost portion is
dominated by a large landscaped surface parking lot-known as the East Parking Lot. Otherwise, the
East Mesa consists of a mixture of structures, sites, and landscape features, some of which are
original to the 1962 Kahn/Salk master plan. T h e landscape strip between the East Parking Lot and
North Torrey Pines Road features original plantings consisting of Red Flaming eucalyptus (E. ficifolia)
and other trees and shrubs, providing a dense screen of vegetation between the street and the
campus (Figure 3). In addition, the East Parking Lot features planting strips containing neat rows of
Chinese Fringe trees {Chionanthus retusa) (Figure 4). Much of the original landscaping survives intact
in this portion of the campus. O n the other hand, much of the perimeter planting along Saik Institute
Road has been removed to make way for road improvements or by adjacent property owners seeking
to create ocean views.

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r? ifesi', laiiiwLVBft.fffaBMgt^frs'ssvs ft3rt w jstKstw^nwnw^KspK^^iKotiT

Figure 5. East Building (North Wing) Figure 6. Eucalyptus grove

Source: Page & Tumbull Source: Page & Tumbull

The East Mesa contains several buildings and structures. These include the 1995 East Building; the
Accessory Building, a 1960s-era corrugated metal temporary structure; and a temporary modular
.structure that serves as an annex to the Accessory Building.

E a s t Building
Aside from the Kahn-designed Laboratory complex, the East Building is by far the most important
building on the East Mesa (Figure 5). Joindy designed by Anshen & Allen, David Rinehart and Jack
MacAllister, FAIA, the East Building is composed of two, two-story wings above grade and a full
two-level basement below grade. Completed three decades after the Laboratory complex, the East
Building was the first major permanent above-ground expansion of the Salk Institute. Placed
between the East Parking Lot and the Laboratory complex, the East Building was partially
constructed on the site of a eucalyptus grove that predates the Salk Institute, a portion of which still
exists (Figure 6). The 110,000 square-foot East Building was constructed to free up space for
research in the Laboratory complex, which had housed non-research functions since its completion
in 1965. The East Building provides additional laboratory space, a visitor reception area,
administrative offices, a 300-seat auditorium, and meeting rooms. The East Building was designed to
be compatible with the nearby Kahn-designed Laboratory complex, yet it reflects the era in which it
was constructed. Accordingly, the architects employed similar materials and construction techniques,
such as plywood sheet-formed concrete walls, mill-finished stainless steel screens, and glass-filled
openings. The interior of the East Building is similarly finished, with exposed concrete walls,
travertine flooring, and elegant trim materials..

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4 -r * * ' - -

Figure 7. View west from Central Court

Source: Page & Tumbull

Laboratory Complex
Located at the western end of the East Mesa where it overlooks the coastal canyon and the Pacific
Ocean, the Kahn-designed Laboratory complex and adjacent landscaping comprise the central focus
of the Salk Institute campus. The Laboratory complex is comprised of two, six-story (with two levels
below grade), reinforced-concrete buildings flanking a central courtyard (Central Court) (Figure 7).
Facing each other across the Central Court, the principal facades of the North and South Buildings
largely mirror each other. Both buildings measure 245' x 65' in plan, whereas the travertine-surfaced
Central Court measures 270' x 90'. The Central Court is longitudinally bisected by a shallow linear
water feature, or runnel, which carries a re-circulated stream of water fiom a small pool at the eastern
end of the court to a large rectangular pool at the western end. The pool on the east side of the court
is flanked by two elevated concrete planting beds containing lime trees; the beds originally contained
Calamondin orange trees.

Designed with both aesthetics and function in mind, the Laboratory complex represents an evolution
of Kahn's earlier Richards Medical Center at the University of Pennsylvania (1957-61). Utilizing-
Kahn's well-known "served-servant" principle, the two buildings are each comprised of three levels
of flexible, unobstructed laboratory space (served spaces) and three alternating levels of utility space

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(servant spaces) (Figure 8). The utility floors are supported by large Vierendeel trusses. These
trusses, composed of 65'-long horizontal beams, are spaced every 20' on center and cantilever over
the Central Court to carry the exterior walkways. The trusses enable the laboratory floors to remain
free of columns or other structural encumbrances, satisfying Salk's requirement that the laboratory
floors remain flexible and easily adaptable for new uses. Without permanent partition walls or
mechanical equipment in the way, the laboratory floors require little time or effort to reconfigure for
new projects. The segregation of the utility floors also keeps the laboratory floors free fiom dirt and
debris when plumbing, electrical, or other utilities are modified.10

Due to zoning regulations, the two laboratory buildings could not exceed the 60' height limit in effect
in the early 1960s. Therefore, in order to achieve Salk's program, the first two floors were
constructed below grade. In order to provide natural light to these floors, Kahn designed sunken
light courts, measuring 45' x 25', between the five stair towers on the Central Court In addition to
providing visual rhythm, the stair towers provide vertical circulation and contain utility rooms, toilet
rooms and two levels of research studies (Figure 9). There are thirty-six studies in total, each one
having a diagonal window wall to allow in ample light and air and to provide views of the Pacific.
The studies are located on the same level as the utility floors for increased privacy, ensuring that they
remain a zone of contemplation. Differentiated fiom the laboratories, the study towers were, in
Kahn's words, the "architecture of the oak table and the rug." Kahn himself likened the entire
Laboratory complex to a mediaeval monastery. His analogy was carried further by the court-level
"arcade" created by the cantilevered walkways and stair towers, deliberately modeled on the
monastery of San Francesco in Assisi.

Throughout the Laboratory complex, Kahn labored to elucidate its underlying structural logic. In
pursuit of honesty, he purposely retained the impressions of the 4' x 8' plywood sheets used to form
the walls in order to avoid disguising the construction methods used and to emphasize the limits of
opening and closure. Kahn refused to fill in the joint lines; instead, he chamfered them to emphasize
the modular grid created by the 4' x 8' board forms. He also emphasized the 'materiality' of the
materials used, refusing to disguise utilitarian materials as something they were not and contrasting
warmer-colored organic materials, such as teak, with the adjoining areas of exposed concrete. The
concrete itself was blended with pozzolan and other admixtures to give the material a warmer hue,
and the plywood forms were coated in polyurethane to ensure a smooth finish. Neither natural air

10
David Brownlee, Louis Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture (New York: Rizzoli, 1992), p. 333.

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pockets nor the conical holes left by the form ties were filled with concrete. The latter were arranged

to fall in a regular pattern and filled with lead plugs to prevent corrosion ofthe rebar. 11

m^sms't'^w^^

^, ' "^r 1^1

' k s " L.' -

Figure 8. Salk Institute Laboratory, main floor plan

Source: Salk Institute for Biological Studies

"James Steele, Salk Institute: Louis I. Kahn (London: Phaidon Press, 1993).

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(

*J

Figure 9. North elevation of South Building

Source: Page & Tumbull

The other three facades of the Laboratory buildings are slighdy more utilitarian and less intricately
detailed than those facing the Central Court. The east-facing fa9ades are dominated by large, two-
level cooling towers and are largely unfenestrated. A mechanical corridor, which is not visible,
connects the North and South Buildings below grade beneath the cooling towers.

The west, seaward-facing facades are comprised of four (and occasionally five) above-grade levels
articulated by fixed and operable windows set within teak frames. At grade, the arcade continues
around from the Central Court to the west fafades of both buildings. The outermost bays on each
building feature open porticos similar to those facing the Central Court (Figure 10).

The rear, or outer, facades of the Laboratory complex including the south facade of the South
Building and the north facade of the North Building - are treated similarly. Both are largely
unfenestrated, consisting of an arrangement of five concrete stair towers alternating with recessed
light courts. The concrete walls surrounding the light courts are penetrated by horizontal incisions
that allow light and air into the buildings (Figure 11).

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7 fe^

Figure 10. West facade of Laboratory complex Figure 11. North fa5ade of North Building
Source: Page & Tumbull Source: Page & Tumbull

L a n d s c a p e a n d Auxiliary Structures
The Laboratory complex is surrounded by landscape elements designed by Louis Kahn or members
of his team. 12 T h e North Garden, an original component of the 1962 Kahn/Salk master plan, is
located between the North Building and Torrey Pines Scenic Drive (Figure 12). The 1965
Landscape Plan suggests that the North Garden appears much as it did when it was originally
designed, although many of the trees depicted on the plan appear to have died or been replaced.
Presently, the North Garden is a largely unobstructed grass lawn crossed by brick paths. The paths
are illuminated by 1960s-era cylindrical bollard light fixtures. Torrey Pines Scenic Drive is lined with
remnants of original perimeter plantings, mostly Flaming Red eucalyptus trees. As the eucalyptus
trees have died, they have been replaced with Torrey pines, which are native to this part of San Diego
County. The brick path on the west side of the North Garden, which is original to the design,
appears to retain a handful of original trees contained within planters.

The 1965 Landscape Plan depicts the South Garden, located between the South Building and Salk
Institute Road, as two separate lawn panels bounded by short concrete retaining walls (Figure 13).
Salk Institute Road, which borders the South Garden, was originally to have been lined with
Monterey Cypress trees. Probably due to cost overruns, the construction of the South Garden was
postponed; and after the completion of the Laboratory complex in 1965, the entire area was
convened into a temporary surface parking lot. In 1978, the new subterranean Cancer
Research/Animal Facility was constructed beneath the site; and in 2001, the Animal Facility was

12
In November 2006, Page & Tumbull prepared a separate document analyzing the evolution of the Salk Institute's
landscape features. This document, which is an addendum to this report, is entitled: Salk Institute Landscape Analysis
(November 20, 2006).

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expanded southward to occupy the intervening space between Cancer Research Facility and Salk
Institute Road. Today, a concrete wall marks the extent of these additions. Grass lawns have been
planted on their roofs, largely replicating the appearance of the South Garden as originally proposed.
The parking lot east of tlie South Garden contains two small service buildings: one concrete structure
and one modular wood building.

KH V

Figure 12. North Garden Figure 13. South Garden

Source: Page & Tumbull Source: Page & Tumbull

C. North Mesa
According to Kahn's original master plan, the North Mesa was to be the location of a proposed
"Meeting Center." The Meeting Center was to have contained a seminar room, library, meeting
rooms, a dining hail, recreation space and quarters for the director and guests. The Meeting Center
was to have been fairly tall, at 40', due to its constrained site at the end of the North Mesa.
Landscaping was to have been minimal, consisting for the most part of trees planted alongside a path
connecting the Meeting Center to the Laboratory complex. Cost overruns associated with building
the Laboratory complex resulted in the indefinite postponement of the Meeting Center. Today, the
North Mesa is occupied by a large asphalt parking lot and several temporary laboratory structures
collectively known as the West Interim Facility (Figure 14), The North Mesa also has three small
greenhouses built in the late 1980s, a handful of sheds, and freestanding mechanical equipment. Only
small portions of the North Mesa remain undeveloped, with coastal .sage scrub covering the upper
margins of the adjoining canyon.

D. South Mesa
O n the South Mesa, Kahn planned a' residential development for visiting researchers called the
"Quarters for Visiting Fellows" (Quarters). The buildings were to terrace down the ocean side of the
mesa, reducing their visual prominence and taking advantage of the dramatic views. The Quarters

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were to be accessed by a curvilinear path that followed the natural contours of the site. Similar to the
proposed Meeting Center, the construction o f t h e Quarters was indefinitely postponed in response to
cost overruns. Since 1965, the South Mesa has remained largely untouched with two notable
exceptions. During the construction of the Laboratory complex, contractors deposited excavation
materials on the South Mesa, creating the distinctive "mound" at the center of the site (Figure 15).
Two decades later, in 1985, the City traded two acres along the north wall of the canyon for an
equivalent amount of Salk Institute land at the western end of the South Mesa. On this land, the City
built a wastewater pumping station (known as Pump Station #45). The property exchange altered the
configuration of the property boundaries and the construction of Pump Station #45 changed the
appearance ofthe western end o f t h e South Mesa.

sasjBiiSfsrws
--;

. * . " ' ' .'-.-add

F i g u r e 14. N o r t h M e s a , W e s t I n t e r i m Facility F i g u r e 15. S o u t h M e s a , l o o k i n g w e s t
Source: P a g e 8c T u m b u l l Source: P a g e & T u m b u l l

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V. HISTORIC CONTEXT

A . Prehistoric Era
Evidence of human presence in what is now San Diego County extends back at least 10,500 years.
The earliest known culture to have lived in the region was the Paleo-Indian culture of the San
Dieguito Complex. Inhabiting the San Diego region from 8500-6000 BC, the primary evidence of
these nomadic hunter-gatherers includes materials and objects such as scrapers, scraper planes,
choppers, large blades and spear points, most of which were manufactured from fine-grained
volcanic rock. 13

Due to climate change and the associated transformation of subsistence strategies, around 6000 BC a
more technologically advanced Native American culture gradually displaced the San Dieguito
Complex. Known today as the La Jolla Complex, this group thrived in the southern part of San
Diego County ftom 6000 BC to 0 AD. The La Jolla Complex people inhabited coastal areas and
subsisted on shellfish and plants growing on the shores of the Pacific and interior bays and lagoons,
such as Mission Bay. Archaeological materials recovered from the La Jolla Complex include grinding
tools {manos and metates) and other stone tools. The dead were fiequentiy buried on coastal bluff tops
overlooking the ocean. 14

Beginning around 0 A D , and continuing until after the arrival of Spanish explorers in the last quarter
of the eighteenth century, the San Diego region was inhabited by a late prehistoric culture now
known as the Cuyamaca Complex. Ancestors of the Kumeeyaay people, these people led a nomadic
hunting and gathering lifestyle. Their territory ranged from the mountains east of San Diego to the
Pacific Ocean. They added the mortar and pesde to the mano and meiate, indicating the primary role of
acorns in their diet. They also hunted with bows and arrows made with obsidian fiom what is now
Imperial County, indicating that they traded with inland peoples. The people of the Cuyamaca
Complex also made pottery and cremated their dead. Cultural deposits from these people are
extensive and include pottery, scrapers, stone tools, and clay-lined hearths. 15

13
San Diego Planning Department, Strategic Framework Final Environmental Impact Report: Hislorical Resources (San Diego: June
14, 2002), p. IV-80.
Ibid
'5 Ibid.

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I ^,(^1-1 1}

Figure 16. Mission San Diego de Alcala, ca. 1900

Source: San Diego Historical Society

B. Historic Era: Spanish and Mexican Periods

The Historic Era in San Diego County begins with the establishment of Mission San Diego de Alcala
in 1769 and continues to the present. This era is divided into three periods that coincide with
changes in national hegemony and include the Spanish Period: 1769-1822, the Mexican Period; 1822-
46, and the American Period: 1846 to the present.

Spanish Period
In 1542, the Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo became the first European known to have
visited what is now San Diego. However, Cabrillo was not looking for gold or a place to settle and he
quickly moved on in search of the Northwest Passage to Asia. However, he did stay just long enough
to claim California for Spain. Sixty years later, another Spanish explorer, Sebastian Vizcaino, sailed
along the coastline of Alta Califomia. H e renamed San Miguel Bay (so named by Cabrillo) after his
flagship the San Diego de Alcala.

Colonization of the San Diego region by Europeans would not occur for another 167 years.
Increasingly alarmed about the activities of Russian for traders, who had settled the Aleutian Islands
and other outposts in Alaska, the Spanish began to consider colonizing the northern frontier of New
Spain. The Spanish strategy was two-pronged and involved the estahhshment of both military
outposts (presidios) and a string of Franciscan missions along the length of California. In so doing it

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was hoped that the native inhabitants of California would convert to Catholicism, assimilate to
Spanish culture, and become a bulwark of loyal Spanish citizenry against foreign rivals. Accordingly,
the initial colonization of San Diego consisted both of an advance military force under the command
of D o n Caspar de Portola and a religious contingent under the leadership .of the Franciscan priest
Fray Junipero Serra. Serra's work resulted in the estabHshment of the first mission in Alta California,
Mission San Diego de Alcala, in 1769 (Figure 16). San Diego was a natural first link in the chain of
twenty-one missions that would eventually appear throughout the valleys of California's Coast Range,
fiom San Diego to Sonoma. With its large navigable bay and geographical position midway between
the main supply base at Loreto, Baja California, and Monterey, Alta Califomia, San Diego was an
ideal location for launching colonization efforts.16

According to most accounts, the mission system was an unmitigated disaster for the native
Califomians. Finding themselves confined to Mission San Diego de Alcala, where they were in effect
enslaved by their Spanish masters, the Dieguenos were compelled to relinquish their language,
culture, and religion. Some Dieguenos found the situation intolerable and on November 4-5 1775,
they attacked the mission, burned it to the ground, and forced the Spanish to seek refuge at the
Presidio, six miles west of the mission. The event was, however, only a temporary setback; the
mission was rebuilt, and within two years, the first major group of settlers from Mexico had arrived
and began constructing a permanent settlement near the Presidio.

Mission San Diego began to prosper during the latter part of the eighteenth century, trading cattle
hides, grain, wine, and leatherwork goods for manufactured goods from Mexico and Spain, and
although forbidden, from American and European traders. The first American ship, the Betsy, arrived
in 1800, By 1797, the number of Indian neophytes, or converts, at the mission reached 1,405, the
largest population of any mission in Alta California. This state of affairs continued largely
uninterrupted throughout the first quarter of the nineteenth century.17

Mexican Period
In 1821, the former Spanish province of New Spain revolted and became the independent nation of
Mexico. The new republic accelerated the Spanish policy of settling the sparsely populated northern

16
San Diego Historical Society, Timeline ofSan Diego History, (http://w"a^v-Sandiegohistc^n'.org/Timclinc/tu,nc-linel.htm);
accessed August 24, 2005.
17
Ibid

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frontier, and soon many settlers fiom Mexico began arriving in San Diego. Between 1820 and 1834,
when San Diego was designated a. pueblo or secular community, the town's population had grown to
more than 600 residents. In 1833, the Mexican govemment decided to formally disestablish the
missions of Alta California. Although the avowed aim of this action was to free the Indians fiom
peonage, the secularization of the missions devolved into a land grab by Spanish and Mexican
settlers. Interestingly, the lands belonging to Mission San Diego de Alcala were not confiscated for
more than a decade following secularization. Not until 1846 did Pio Pico, the last Mexican governor,
grant the mission and its 58,000 acres to a colonist named D o n Santiago Arguello. 18

C American Period
The era of Mexican sovereignty in San Diego and the rest of California came to a rather abrupt end
in 1846 with the Mexican-American War and the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on
February 2, 1848. The boundary between the two nations was established a year later by the
American-Mexican Boundary Commission. In 1850, the same year California was admitted to the
Union, San Diego County (which also included Imperial County and parts of Riverside and San
Bernardino Counties) was established as one of California's original twenty-seven counties. San
Diego was also incorporated as a city, although the Census placed San Diego's non-Indian
population at only 650. 1850 also wimessed the arrival of several American settlers. Including William
Heath Davis, who purchased 160 acres in what later became known as "New Town," now
downtown San Diego. 1 9

San Diego and much of Southern California changed very little between statehood and the Civil War.
Although Northern California's population exploded during the Gold Rush, Southern California saw
little change. In fact, San Diego's population plummeted after 1850. The handful of Americans that
did trickle into the remote settlement tended to assimilate into local Californio society, learned to
speak Spanish, and married local women. The first American to envision San Diego on different
terms was Alonzo E. Horton, a trader and speculator who had been living in San Francisco (Figure
17). In 1867, Horton arrived at San Diego on the paddle-wheel steamer Pacific and purchased 960
acres of land on San Diego Bay. H e purposely avoided the original Spanish/Mexican pueblo, which
he felt did not "lie right." After surveying and laying out "New Town" San Diego, named to

Ibid
19
San Diego Historical Society, Timeline of San Diego History l1irrp://^^'\v.sandiei.f(iliiFr(,in,-.crp/timditic/rinK-lipf1.htm),
accessed August 24, 2005).

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(
distinguish it from the pueblo, or "Old Town," Horton returned to San Francisco, where he set up a
land office with the purpose of boosting San Diego as the "city of the future." Within three years,
Horton had built a major hotel named the Horton House at the center of his holdings to attract
others to invest in die area (Figure 18). 20

Figure 17, Alonzo E. Horton Figure 18. Horton House, ca. 1870
Source: San Diego Hislorical Source: San Diego Historical Society
Society

Horton's activities unleashed a series of "boom and bust" cycles fueled principally by rampant real
estate speculation. San Diego's real estate b o o m was given some impetus by the completion of its
first rail connection in 1884, when the Califomia Southern Railroad, a subsidiary of the Atchison
Topeka & Santa Fe, extended a spur line south from Los Angeles. San Diego grew rapidly during the
early 1880s, achieving a peak population of around 40,000 in 1887. Prominent civic landmarks such
as Balboa Park and the Hotel del Coronado took shape during this period. 21 Unfortunately for the
speculators, the real estate b o o m ended with a severe bust in 1888. Similar to Los Angeles, the value
of San Diego's property had become drastically overvalued. Many of the speculators were ruined
over night and consequently, San Diego's population dropped by more than half. However, in the
years that followed, San Diego did not recover as quickly as Los Angeles. The border city was at a
decided disadvantage; unlike its neighbor to the north, San Diego lacked its own direct rail
connection to the East, a condition which lasted until 1919, when the San Diego & Arizona Eastern
Railroad constructed a precarious alignment through the mountains east to Phoenix, 22

20
Kevin Starr, The Dream Endures: Cahfomia Enters the 1940s (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press), p. 95.
31
Ibid, p. 96.
22
Ibid.

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r
After a prolonged depression, San Diego gradually recovered during the early years of the twentieth
century. O n e of principal boosters in the new century was John D. Spreckels, scion of San Francisco
sugar king Claus Spreckels' empire. The younger Spreckels bought up much of San Diego's civic
infrastructure, including the transit system and two of the city's newspapers. He also purchased
North Island and most of Coronado, including the Hotel del Coronado.

Unlike the b o o m years of the 1880s, San Diego grew at a more moderate pace during the early
twentieth century. In 1910, the city's population had oniy just reached its pre-1888 figure of 40,000.
With ample room to grow, San Diego sprawled out onto the mesas bounding New Town to the east.
In 1908, the City hired prominent city planner John Nolen to draw up a general plan for San Diego.
Although broad in outline, the plan set up the guiding principles for which San Diego would
distinguish itself from Los Angeles. Nolen's City Beautiful-inspired plan, which was not implemented
until 1926, encouraged the young city to "forsake the smokestack" and instead capitalize on the
region's Mediterranean climate and spectacular scenery. 23

Unlike Los Angeles, which grew primarily as a result of industrial and agricultural development, San
Diego's prosperity ultimately resided in its position as a military outpost. The region's strategic value
first became evident to military brass in the wake of the Spanish-American War. Navy officials in
particular were attracted to San Diego's large natural harbor, its temperate year-round climate, and its
proximity to America's growing Pacific empire. The Army did not stand idly by and watch. In 1917,
following the entry of the United States into the First World War, the Army established Camp
Kearny as its administrative center in the Southwest That same year, the Army Signal Corps
established Rockwell Field (later NAS North Island) on North Island. San Diego's year-round good
weather attracted pioneer aviators, including Glenn Curtiss, who estabhshed a flying school on North
Island. 24 San Diego's future as the "Gibraltar of the Pacific" was solidified in 1919 when the Navy
designated the dty as the location of its Pacific Fleet headquarters.

23
Lynne Carrier, San Diego: Looking to the Fulure- General Plan: City ofVillages (San Diego Plannmg Department: 2005), p. 1.
24
Kevin Starr, Tbe Dream Endures: Califomia Enters tbe 1940s (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press), p. 96.

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mmmmmk:'

mi >it s
Figure 19, Promotional brochure prepared for visitors to the 1915
Panama-California Expositioo by the Chamber of Commerce
Source: San Diego Historical Society

While the Army and Navy were expanding throughout San Diego, the tourism industry began to
flourish. Hundreds of thousands of visitors came to San Diego to enjoy the heavily promoted
Panama-California Exposition of 1915-16 in Balboa Park (previously known as City Park) (Figure
19).25 Many of the tourists were so smitten that they never left, taking up residence in the two- and
three-story apartment blocks built throughout the City to accommodate them. The San Diego Zoo
was also established in 1916 to house animals brought in for the Exposition and left behind
afterward. During the 1920s and 1930s, increased tourism led to the development of Coronado,
Imperial Beach, Mission Beach, Pacific Beach, Ocean Beach and La Jolla as winter resorts for
snowbirds and Hollywood executives. The development of these communities created the need for a
year-round labor force, leading to rapid population growth and additional real estate booms in San

25
Kevin Starr, The Dream Endures: Cahfomia Enters the 1940s (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press), p. 103.

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Diego. Between 1920 and 1930, the city's population more than doubled, increasing from 74,361 to
147.995.26

D u e to the undiminished military presence and the continued growth of tourism, San Diego did not
fare as badly as many other American cities during the Depression. Demonstrating its prosperity, San
Diego sponsored another world's fair in 1935: the California-Pacific International Exposition, held in
Balboa Park. 27 In fact, the city continued to attract residents during the Depression, including
thousands of Mexican immigrants and Dust Bowl refugees from Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas,
many of whom took jobs in the region's thriving agricultural and military industrial sectors. In the
years leading up to the Second World War, the number of military installations increased significandy
in San Diego County. By the end of the War, the following military bases were in operation in or
around San Diego: Camp Callan, near La Jolla; Camp Elliot, on Kearny Mesa; the Naval Training
Center, on North Island; Miramar Naval Air Station, on Kearny Mesa; the Marine Corps Recruit
Depot, at Lindbergh Field; and Camp Pendleton, in North County. By 1940, the population of San
Diego had reached 203,341 . ^

After the Second World War, San Diego experienced a temporary recession as the region's aerospace
industry and other defense-related industries readjusted to peacetime conditions. However, the onset
of the Cold War and the Korean War put the defense industries back into production, providing,
thousands of well-paying manufacturing and technology jobs to local residents. By 1950, the
population of San Diego had increased by a third, fueled by in-migration and an ambitious
annexation campaign that brought huge chunks of undeveloped agricultural land and several existing
unincorporated communities into the dty. Several of San Diego's nearby suburbs, including National
City, Chula Vista, Lemon Grove, and La Mesa, also incorporated, beginning their transformation
fiom agricultural communities into full-fledged suburban dries during this period.

By the late 1950s, San Diego's overwhelming reliance on the military had made it vulnerable to
cutbacks in military expenditure. In 1964, a slump in the aerospace industry led Time Magazine to labd
the dty "Bust Town, U.S.A." The perils inherent with being an essentially one-industry town inspired

26
San Diego Historical Society, Timeline of San Diego History fliftp://w\\'n,.san^ii;^nhistory.orj?/pmcline/'timeline1.hTm)1
accessed August 24, 2005.
" Ibid.
2
3 Ibid.

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dty leaders to begin seeking new industries. During tlie late 1950s, two seeds were planted that would
eventually form the core of San Diego's biotechnology industry, the dty's most important industry
from the latter part of the twentieth century until today. These seeds, planted in dose proximity to
each other, were the University of California, San Diego and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

D. Project Vicinity History

Although officially located within the University Community planning area, the Salk Institute is
historically part of the community of La Jolla, an affluent residential and resort neighborhood in the
northern part of the City of San Diego.

As discussed above, San Diego was recognized as a pueblo in 1834 by the Mexican government. This
designation gave the community self-governing status as a dvilian setdement as well as a generous
amount of land earmarked for house lots, farms, munidpal lands and common grazing lands. The
'Tueblo Lands of San Diego," as they were known, were formally surveyed in 1845 by sub-prefect
Santiago Arguello and recorded by Governor Pio Pico in May 1846.29 After California became a state
in 1850, San Diego's leaders argued that the dty should inherit the entire swath of Pueblo Lands
assigned to it under Mexican law: 48,556 acres (eleven square leagues) of land stretching fiom what is
now the Gaslamp District north to the Sorrento Valley (Figure 20).

The adjudication of Mexican land grants in California devolved into an arduous process following
statehood, often resulting in decades of litigation. San Diego formally filed its claim to the Pueblo
Lands in 1854 but did not receive a patent until two decades later, in April 1874. San Diego
ultimately made out very well, obtaining title to nearly the entire eleven leagues originally granted to
it, nearly three times the average amount of land awarded to other pueblos, induding Los Angeles,
San Jose, Sonoma, and Santa Barbara. 30 With almost 50,000 acres at its disposal, San Diego found
itself endowed with a valuable "dowry" with which it could attract "suitors" to invest in the dty.
Benefidaries of the City's largesse ranged from the railroads in the nineteenth century to major
institutions such as the Navy, the University of Califomia, General Atomic, and the Salk Institute in
the twentieth century.

29
Neal Harlow, Maps ofthe Pueblo Lands ofSan Diego: 1602-1874 (Los Angeles: Dawson's Bookshop, 1987), pp. 21-22.
30
1,233 acres were eventually subtracted from San Diego's pueblo lands in order to create the Military Reservation on Point
Loma, reducing the total acreage to 47,323 acres. Claire B. Crane, "The Pueblo Lands: San Diego's Hispanic Heritage," The
Journal of San Diego History (Spring 1991), p. 6.

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(

i t i - j u j i f wiin AZXita.'JSL
->

MAP

"CAL^OEI^iiA
rx_l

J StifiV

-if r -"']>^B->S^:i"':^*

t^:

'"^^ -^-^--
Figure 20. Map of San Diego's Pueblo Lands annotated
to indicate location of the Salk Institute
Source: San Diego Historical Society

La Jolla
The area, designated on maps as "La Jolla Park," is a name of unknown origin, although it has often
been posited that it derives from the Spanish word^iyo, or "jewel." In actuality, the name probably
derives from a Spanish garbling of a Native American word for the wave-created caves along much
of the coastline of La Jolla. The community of La Jolla was born in 1886, when real estate speculator
Frank T. Botsford purchased 400 acres of Pueblo Lands on La Jolla Bay from the City. Botsford
immediately subdivided the, land into lots and auctioned them off for home sites on April 30, 1887.

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Although some of the land was sold, the ill-timed subdivision succumbed to the real estate bust of

1888. 31

Between 1900 and 1920, tourism became a major driver in the growth of San Diego's economy, and
beachside resort communities like Padfic Beach, Ocean Beach, and Coronado began to grow. La
Jolla was no different and the area's scenic coves and cliff-side beaches attracted a steady stream of
artists, retirees and increasingly, Hollywood executives. During the first two decades of the twentieth
century, the population increased from around 350 to approximately 4,000.32. During its heyday of
the Roaring Twenties, La JoIIa's curvilinear streets overlooking the Padfic were gradually filled in
with humble wood-frame beach cottages and more ambitious Spanish Colonial Revival bungalows. 33
Although the Depression temporarily put a halt to the real estate devdopment frenzy in La Jolla, the
Second World War and its aftermath led to dramatic increases in the community's population. One
major impetus was an influx of military personnd following the opening of Camp Callan on the
north side of La Jolla in 1940. By 1943, approximately 7,700 residents lived in La Jolla. After the War,
the hillsides around the village and northward along the coast were gradually subdivided and
devdoped, including the site o f t h e Salk Institute.

E. Project Site History

The Salk Institute was constructed on a portion of Pueblo Lot No. 1324 of the Pueblo Lands of San
Diego. It appears that the City retained ownership of the land from the time that it received its patent
fiom the State Land Commission in 1874 until the early 1960s, when the City granted the land to the
Salk Institute. Not much is known about the uses that occurred on this comparativdy remote section
of the dty during the nineteenth century, although in 1890, the City evidently leased the land that
now comprises the Salk Institute and the adjacent Torrey Pines Park to ranchers for cattle and sheep
grazing. 34

Torrey P i n e s P a r k
In 1899, the City designated 364 acres of Pueblo Lands encompassing what is now the Salk Institute
and surrounding coastal lands as a pubHc park. Recognizing the natural beauty of Torrey Mesa and

31
Patricia Schaelchlin, "La Jolla History," La Jolla Historical Society.
" Ibid.
33
S a n b o m Fire Insurance Company, Sanbom Map for E a Jolla, Califomia (1926).
14
California Department of Parks and Recreation, Tomy Pines Stale Reserve - Human History
(btrpr//www.Tnrrrypiiu:.orp/iphnmhiF.hrm). accessed August 25, 2005.

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concerned that it would be lost to development, newspaperwoman Ellen Browning Scripps acquired
two additional Pueblo Lots between 1908 and 1911 and willed them to the people of San Diego, In
1924, the San Diego City Coundl added more acreage to the park, enlarging it to almost 1,000 acres
of coastal bluffs, canyons, mesas and beaches. Four years later, in 1928, the League to Save Torrey
Pines successfully fought a proposed cliff-top road that would have filled in several coastal canyons,
including the canyon at the center of the Salk property. 35

Torrey Pines Gliderport

Pioneer aviators, induding Charles Lindbergh, identified the seaside bluffs of Torrey Mesa as being
ideal for launching and landing gliders in the mid-1920s, leading in 1928 to the establishment of
Torrey Pines Gliderport on -City-owned lands immediately north of what would become the Salk
Institute. Initially, the facility consisted of little more than a single unpaved runway. In the 1960s, the
growing popularity of hang gliding brought new users to Torrey Pines Gliderport. In the 1980s,
paragHding pilots began to use the facility as well. Torrey Pines Gliderport was listed in the National
Register in 1993 on the basis of its pioneering role in the devdopment of the sports of gliding, hang
gliding, and paragliding, as well as for its assodation with Charles Lindbergh. Torrey Pines Gliderport
is also listed in the Califomia Register, and it is a San Diego City Historic Site.

1928 Aerial
An aerial photograph taken of Torrey Mesa in 1928 depicts the largely undevdoped if not natural
appearance of the Salk Institute site (Figure 21). The photograph indicates the site was mostly
covered with open grassland. The only exceptions were the South Mesa, doaked in coastal sage
scrub, and the easternmost section of the East Mesa, wliich featured a small eucalyptus grove. A
narrow dirt road divided the eastern part of the property (the East Mesa) ftom the western part of
the property (North and South Mesas). The aerial photograph shows that the eastern boundary of
the property was defined by a eucalyptus -lined road formerly called La Jolla Scenic Drive (now North
Torrey Pines Road). The southern property boundary was marked by a fence, separating it from oil
tycoon William Black's La Jolla Farms.

35 Ibid.

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Figure 21. Detail of 1928 aerial photograph of Torrey Mesa with approximate
boundaries ofthe Salk Institute superimposed
Source: San Diego Historical Society; annotated by Page & Tumbull

C a m p Callan
With relations between the United States and Japan deteriorating during the late 1930s, the Army
embarked on an ambitious campaign of base expansion-to counter the looming threat of a Pacific
war. The coastal bluffs north of La Jolla were dearly of strategic nature, since they guarded the
northern approaches to San Diego Harbor. In October 1940, the Army formally requested that the
City provide access to several hundred acres of parkland on Torrey Mesa. The Army wanted the land
to build an installation that would protect San Diego from naval attack and serve as a coastal artillery
training facility. In response, San Diego officials passed City Ordinance No. 1981, leasing 710 acres
of Pueblo Lands to the Army for 1. Several adjoining private landholders leased land to the Army as
well and by late 1940, the Army had acquired a little over one thousand acres bounded by U.S.
Highway 101 (now Torrey Pines Road), Miramar Road and the Pacific. More than half of the base's
acreage consisted of parkland, including the site of the Salk Institute. 36

36
Mark Berhow, Historic Cahfomia Posts: Camp Callan flntpV/^^ww.militaiymnseum.nn'/t'pCalhn.htTiil), accessed August 25,
2005. Roberta A. Robledo, Cultural History of U.S. Army Camp Robert E. Callan and U.S. Marine Corps Campus Calvin B.
Matthews (San Diego: Unpublished report prepared for die University of California, San Diego Campus Planning Office,
1996), p. 8,

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F i g u r e 22. Aerial view of C a m p Callan, l o o k i n g s o u t h toward L a Jolla

S o u r c e : P o s t c a r d collection o f t h e a u t h o r

Camp Callan was designed by dvilian architects Myron Hunt and H.C. Chambers, and construction
was carried out by Kier Constmction Company. The rugged terrain of Torrey Mesa required heavy
grading activity prior to building the base. The base k s d f was organized on a rectangular grid of
streets lined with temporary w o o d barracks, administration buildings, theaters, mess halls, and other
buildings (Figure 22). Eventually, the built-up sections of the camp occupied twenty-three blocks,
with much of the canyon-indented bluffs near the ocean used for training, staging, and storage.
Camp Callan opened for operations in January 1941; it was named after Major General Robert E.
Callan, a veteran of the Spanish-American and the First World Wars. 37

Draftees sent to Camp Callan were initially trained in the operation of coastal artillery. The camp was
one of three so-called "Coast Artillery Training Replacement Centers;" the other two were Camp
Wallace in Galveston, Texas and Camp Eustis in Virginia. The mission of Camp Callan took on an
added sense of urgency following the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and other American bases on
December 7, 1941. Many fdt that tbe West Coast would be attacked soon, and the military put all
bases on alert. A primaty lesson learned from Pearl Harbor was that enemy attacks would most likely
come from the sky and not the sea, and by the Spring of 1942, the coastal artillery program at Camp

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Callan had been supplanted by anti-aircraft training. Toward the end of the war, Camp Calian's
mission changed to training soldiers in the techniques of amphibious assault Mock Japanese towns
were set up on Torrey Mesa, and the soldiers were commanded to assault them from the beaches and
canyons. 3 8

According to a 1940s-era U.S. Army map of Camp Callan, approximately half of what is now the Salk
Institute campus was located within "Block 25" of Camp Callan, including all of the East Mesa and
most of the North Mesa (See Appendix B). The map indicates that the North Mesa was occupied
by a circular drive that prodded access to six ammunition magazines. In addition, there were two
small structures labded as "gas chambers" located on what is now the site of the West Interim
Facility. The gas chambers were used to train draftees to recognize various types of poisonous gas
and how to respond to chemical attacks. 39 T h e East Mesa was used as a training range. The map also
shows a road extending west fiom what is now North Torrey Pines Road, along what is now Salk
Institute Drive, About midway along the present southerly property line of the Salk Institute, the
road turned north, tracing the easterly line of the canyon, past the gas chambers, and exiting the Salk
Institute campus near what is now the brick path between the West Interim Facihty and the North
Garden. A second much shorter road entered the property at the corner of North Torrey Pines and
Salk Institute Roads and extended a brief distance into the East Mesa, terminating at a small
unidentified wood building.

Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, and the Second World War came to an end. With no soldiers
to train, Camp Callan was declared surplus property on November 1, 1945. During the next few
weeks, the Army sold off or removed all salvageable equipment, leaving only the buildings behind.
O n December 26, 1945, the camp was closed, falling under the temporary jurisdiction of the War
Department Corps of Engineers. The City repossessed its section of the camp, including the site of
the Salk Institute. The City directed staff to disassemble the remaining buildings on the site, selling
the lumber and other salvageable items to local residents. Fifteen million board feet of lumber were
salvaged, mostly purchased by veterans to build homes. The City made a healthy profit on the sale of

37
Roberta A. Robledo, Cultural History of'U.S. Amry Camp Robert E. Callan and U.S. Marine Corps Campus Calvin B. Matthews,
(San Diego: Unpublished report prepared for the University of California, San Diego Campus Planning Office, 1996), p. 11.
^ I b i d , p . 13.
*> Ibid, p. 36.

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the materials and in the process cleaned the site, with the exception of concrete foundation pads and
earthworks. 40

Postwar D e v e l o p m e n t

Unsure of what to do with the heavily scarred former parklands, the City left the site of Camp Callan
vacant well into the 1950s. Proposals to build a large trailer park were defeated by local residents who
believed that such development was inappropriate in La Jolla. Followmg a spedal dty dection in
1956, the City gave Torrey Pines City Park to the State of California Division of Beaches and Parks,
with 100 acres reserved for the construction of a City-owned public golf course north of Torrey
Pines Gliderport. Designed by golf course designer William Bell Sr. in 1957, the golf course is
generally recognized as being one of the nation's premier public courses. A n aerial photograph taken
of Torrey Mesa in 1958 shows these devdopments in place (Figure 23). The photograph also shows
the undeveloped Salk Institute site, although evidence of disturbance from wartime activities is still
evident in the form of roads, cleared areas and piles of debris.

Figure 23. Detail of 1958 aerial view of Torrey Mesa showing location of
Salk Institute site and neighboring uses;
annotated by Page & Tumbull

40
Ibid.

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University of California, San Diego

At their July 18, 1958 meeting, the Board of Regents of the University of California authorized the
estabHshment of a new University of California campus in La Jolla. Bowing to requests from San
Diego's influential business leaders, particularly those in the aerospace and defense industries, the
Regents announced that the emphasis of the new university would be science and technology. The
City responded by offering the Regents more than 500 acres of prime former Pueblo Lands east of
La Jolla Scenic Drive (now North Torrey Pines Road). Initially linked to the nearby Scripps Institute
of Oceanography, the new school was at first called the University of California, La Jolla. In 1960,
the year the school accepted its first dass, it was renamed the University of California, San Diego
CUCSD)."1

F. San Diego Donates Land to the Salk Institute

With the La Jolla area already home to several important scientific research instimtes by the late
1950s, induding Scripps Institute of Oceanography (founded 1903), General Atomics (founded
1955) and UCSD (founded 1958), it may have seemed likely that the area would continue to attract
additional research institutions, often with the direct encouragement of the City. In 1959, Jonas Salk,
the inventor of the polio vaccine, began touring the country looking for appropriate sites for a
proposed biological research center. Initially, Salk contemplated establishing his research center at the
University of Pittsburgh, but his friend Dr. Robert Oppenhdmer told him he should consider
Califomia instead. According to Salk, Oppenheimer's suggestion was "an intriguing idea because of
the shift of the intellectual center of the country toward the west A pioneering atmosphere still
prevails here. The concept of an institute bringing into fusion sdence and humanities is readily
acceptable here." 42

San Diego's Mayor Charles Dail, who had been afflicted with polio as a child, activdy wooed Salk.
Dail promised him a pared of land as a gift from the people of San Diego if the biologist would
make San Diego the home of his proposed research institute. After touring several potential locations
with Dail, Salk chose a site on the Torrey Mesa opposite the new UCSD campus, then under
construction. 43 Salk reportedly remarked that this site was not "just any land or merely fine land, but

fl William McGill Anderson, Nancy Scon. An Improbable Venture: A History of the University of Cahfomia, San Disgo. (La Jolla,
CA: UCSD Press, 1993).
42
Esther McCoy, "Dr. Salk Talks About His Institute," Architectural Forum (December 1967), p. 31.
43
Saik institute for Biological Studies, "Jonas Salk" (httpi/Avww-salk.rdu/jnnassalk/), accessed August 25, 2005.

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the most beautiful coastal cliff property left in La Jolla." 44 Salk also appreciated the then-isolated fed
of Torrey Mesa. La Jolla Farms, the subdivision south of the Salk Institute, had not yet been
developed, and nearby UCSD was still in its infancy, conveying a semi-rural atmosphere. Two years
following the completion of the Salk Institute Laboratory complex, Salk told Ester McCoy:

There is nothing to block the view between the institute and the horizon, provided
for by planning the institute on the edge of a mesa. The feeling was that the institute
should be far away from the mainstream for the purpose of contemplation. I am
sensitive to other people, to their emanations. I tried to provide for people to get
away from each other as well as to come together. 45

Figure 24. Louis Kahn (left) and Jonas Salk

discussing Salk Institute site model, ca. 1963
Source: Salk Institute for Biological Studies

G. Louis Kahn Designs the Salk Institute

In 1959, following his dedsion to move to La Jolla, Jonas Salk approached fellow Pennsylvanian
Louis I. Kahn to design his new research center (Figure 24). The 58-year-old Kahn was. a natural
choice for fhe commission. H e had recendy gained fame as the designer of the Richards Medical
Research Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania, then under construction in Philadelphia. By

44
Mary Huntington Hall, "Gift from the Sea," San Diego (February 1962), p. 41.
45
Esther McCoy, "Dr. Salk Talks About His Institute," Architectural Forum (December 1967), p. 32.

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this rime Kahn had devdoped a reputation as an extremely talented - if idiosyncratic architect who
could fulfill Salk's ambition to build a monument worthy of the praise of scientists and artists alike.
According to Kahn's later recollection:

When Salk came to my office and asked me to build a laboratory he said, "There is
one thing which I would like to be able to accomplish. I would like to invite Picasso
to the laboratory." H e was implying, of course, that in sdence, concerned with
measurement, there is this will of the least living thing to be itself. The microbe
wants to be a microbe, the rose wants to be a rose, and man wants to be man, to
express. This desire to express was sensed by Salk: the sdenrist needs the presence
ofthe unmeasurable, which is the realm o f t h e artist.46

Salk's initial program involved providing 100,000 square feet of laboratory space for ten scientists.
Kahn and Salk visited the site together in 1960 to determine how much land was necessary for the
project, Salk credited Kahn with defining the shape of the site, which wrapped around the coastal
canyon like "cerebrd convolutions." Soon after, on April 26, 1960, the San Diego City Council voted
to grant the approximately twenty-seven-acre site to the Salk Institute, then known as The Institute
for Biology at Torrey Pines. 47 This followed a public dection in which San Diegans voted
overhelmingly to donate the pared to Salk for the purpose of building a sdentific research institute.
Six months later, in a hearing dated January 18, 1961, the City signed an agreement withjonas Salk,
conveying a portion of Pueblo Lot 1324 to the Institute with the proviso that the name be changed
to the "The Institute for Biology at San Diego." 48

Kahn*s D e s i g n
Kahn's initial site plan, developed during his site visits in 1960, was an emotional response to the
difficult site. Further thought resulted in the now-famous tripartite scheme.comprised of three major
components: a research and study area (the existing Laboratory complex), a meeting center, and
residential quarters. Although the final design ended up being quite different, the tripartite
arrangement was never abandoned. Following a year of revisions to the original design, which Salk
later called "an early fantasy," Kahn pubhshed a second scheme in the April 1961 edition of Progressive
Architect. Similar to the first design, Kahn's reworked scheme featured a tripartite layout. The Meeting
Center, labeled on site plans as "Section A," overlooked the Padfic at the western end of the North
Mesa (Figure 25). It was rendered as a "casde like" complex, containing seminar and meeting

46
John Lobell, Between Silence and Light (Boulder, Colorado: Shambhala, 1979), p. 76.
47
David Brownlee, Louis Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture (New York: RizzoE, 1992), p. 330.
48
City of San Diego, Composite ofthe Agreemenl between the City of San Diego and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego,
Califomia, Incorporating the Original Agreemenl, Subsidiary Agreement... (San Diego: June 3,1966).

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