M.

Sc Mathematics
Semester I
Elective I – Numerical Analysis
Course Code: PM1715
No. of hours/ week No. of credits Total number of hours Marks
6 4 90 100

Objectives

1. To study the various behaviour pattern of numbers.

2. To study the various techniques of solving applied scientific problems.

Course Outcome

PSO
CO Upon completion of this course the students will be able to : CL
addressed
CO - 1 Recall about finding the roots of the algebraic and transcendental PSO- 1 R
equations using algebraic methods.
CO - 2 Derive appropriate numerical methods to solve algebraic and PSO-5, Ap
transcendental equations. PSO- 9
CO - 3 Understand the significance of the finite, forward, backward and PSO-2, U
central differences and their properties. PSO-3,
PSO- 7
CO - 4 Draw the graphical representation of the each numerical method. PSO-5 Ap
CO - 5 Solve the differential and integral problems by using numerical PSO-5 Ap
methods. (Eg. Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule etc.)
CO - 6 Solve the problems in ODE by using Taylor’s series method, PSO-5 Ap
Euler’s method etc.
CO -7 Differentiate the solutions by Numerical methods with exact PSO-3, C
solutions. PSO-4,
PSO-5
CO - 8 Compute the solutions of the system of equations by using PSO-5 Ap
appropriate numerical methods.

Unit I
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations - Bisection Method - Method of
False Position - Iteration Method - Newton-Raphson Method - Secant Method - Muller’s
Method.
Unit II
Finite Differences - Forward Differences - Backward Differences - Central
Differences - Detection of Errors by use of difference tables - Differences of a polynomial -
Newton’s formulae for Interpolation - Central Difference Interpolation formulae - Gauss’s
central difference formulae - Stirling’s formulae - Bessel’s formulae - Everett’s formulae.
Unit III
Numerical Differentiation - Errors in Numerical Differentiation - Numerical
Integration - Trapezoidal rule - Simpson’s 1/3 rule - Simpson’s 3/8 rule - Boole’s and
Weddle’s rule.
Unit IV
Solution of Linear systems - Direct Methods - Gauss elimination - Necessity for
Pivoting - Gauss-Jordan method - Modification of the Gauss method to compute the inverse -
LU Decomposition method - Solution of Linear systems - Iterative methods.
Unit V
Solution by Taylor’s series - Picard’s method of successive approximations - Euler’s
method - Runge - Kutta methods - II order and III order.
Text Book
Sastry, S. S. (2000). Introductory Methods of Numerical analysis. (5𝑡ℎ Edition). New Delhi,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.
Chapter 2 : 2.1 to 2.5, 2.7, 2.8.
Chapter 3 : 3.3 ( 3.3.1 to 3.3.3), 3.4 to 3.6, 3.7 ( 3.7.1 to 3.7.4).
Chapter 6 : 6.2 ( 6.2.1), 6.4 ( 6.4.1 to 6.4.4).
Chapter 7 : 7.5 (7.5.1 to 7.5.4, 7.5.6, 7.6).
Chapter 8 : 8.2 to 8.5.
Reference Books
1. Balagurusamy, E. (2002). Numerical Methods. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Rao, H. S. G. (2011). Numerical Methods. New Delhi: IK International publishing
House PVT Ltd.
3. Goel Mittal. (2011). Numerical Anaysis. (21𝑠𝑡 Edition). Pragati Prakashan
Educational Publishers.
4. Vedamurthy, V. N., & N. ch. S. N. Iyengar. (2009). Numerical Methods. New
Delhi,Vikas Publising House PVT. LTD.
5. Devi Prasad. (2010). An Introduction to Numerical Anaysis. Narosa Publishing
House.
 Model Question Paper
M. Sc Mathematics
Semester I
Elective I – Numerical Analysis
Course Code: PM1715
Max. marks:70
Time: 3hrs.
Part – A (𝟓 × 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 marks)
Answer all the questions

1. Write the criterion for terminating the computations in bisection method.

2. Locate and correct the error in the following table:
𝑥 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
𝑦 4.32 4.83 5.27 5.47 6.26 6.79 7.23
3. Define numerical differentiation.
4. Write the difference between the Jacobi method and the Gauss-Seidel method.

5. Determine the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 0.1 given that 𝑦(0) = 1and 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦.

Part – B (𝟓 × 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎 marks)
Answer all the questions

6. a. Find a double root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0.

(OR)
b. Using Newton-Raphson method to find a root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0.
7. a. Using Newton’s forward difference formula, find the sum 𝑠𝑛 = 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3 .
(OR)
b. Find the missing term in the following table:
𝑥 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
𝑦 1 3 ? 73 225 ? 1153
8. a. Find, from the following table, the area bounded by the curve and the 𝑥-axis from
𝑥 = 7.47 to 𝑥 = 7.52.
(OR)
b. A solid of revolution is formed by rotating about the 𝑥-axis the area between the 𝑥-axis,
the lines 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 1, and a curve through the points with the following coordinates:
𝑥 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
𝑦 1.0000 0.9896 0.9589 0.9089 0.8415
Estimate the volume of the solid formed, giving the answer to three decimal places using
Simpson’s rule.
9. a. Solve the system 0.0003120𝑥1 + 0.006032𝑥2 = 0.003328
0.5000𝑥1 + 0.8942𝑥2 = 0.9471
(OR)
b. Use Gauss elimination with partial pivoting to solve the system
2𝑥1 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 = −1
𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 9
3𝑥1 − 𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 14
10. a. Use Picard’s method to obtain 𝑦(0.1)and 𝑦(0.2)of the problem defined by
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑥 4 , 𝑦(0) = 3.
𝑑𝑥
 (OR)
b. Determine the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 0.1 by using Modified Euler’s method, given that
𝑦(0) = 1, and 𝑦′ = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 with ℎ = 0.05.

Part – C (𝟓 × 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟎 marks)

11. a. Find a real root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 correct to three decimal places using
Bisection method.
(OR)
b. Use the method of iteration to find a positive root of the equation 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 1, given that a
root lies between 0 and 1.

12. a. Using Stirling’s formula, find cos(0.17), given that cos(0) = 1, cos(0.05) = 0.9988,
cos(0.10) = 0.9950, cos(0.15) = 0.9888, cos(0.20) = 0.9801,
𝑐𝑜𝑠 (0.25) = 0.9689, and 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (0.30) = 0.9553.
(OR)
b. Find the cubic polynomial which takes the following values:
𝑦(1) = 24, 𝑦(3) = 120, 𝑦( 5 ) = 336 and 𝑦( 7) = 720. Hence obtain the
value of 𝑦 (8).
13. a. Derive Simpson’s 3/8-rule.
(OR)
1 1
b. Evaluate 𝐼 = ∫0 1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , correct to three decimal places by both the trapezoidal and
Simpson’s rules with ℎ = 0.5,0.25 & 0.125.

2 1 1
14. a. Find the inverse of the matrix 𝐴 = [3 2 3]
1 4 9
(OR)
b. Solve the system
6𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 20
𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 7 using both Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods.
15. a. Given the differential equation 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0 with the conditions 𝑦(0) = 1 and
𝑦 ′ (0) = 0, use Taylor’s series method to determine the value of 𝑦(0.1).
(OR)
𝑑𝑦
b. Given 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 − 𝑥where 𝑦(0) = 2, find 𝑦(0.1) and 𝑦(0.2) correct to four decimal
places, using runge-Kutta method.