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Principles of Compiler Design: Unit I

The document discusses compilers and interpreters, describing that compilers translate source programs into target programs while interpreters perform the operations of source programs. It also describes the analysis-synthesis model of compilation where analysis determines the operations of the source program and synthesis translates those operations into the target program. Finally, it outlines the typical phases of a compiler from preprocessing through code generation and optimization.

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Abhijeet Moharkar
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99 views9 pages

Principles of Compiler Design: Unit I

The document discusses compilers and interpreters, describing that compilers translate source programs into target programs while interpreters perform the operations of source programs. It also describes the analysis-synthesis model of compilation where analysis determines the operations of the source program and synthesis translates those operations into the target program. Finally, it outlines the typical phases of a compiler from preprocessing through code generation and optimization.

Uploaded by

Abhijeet Moharkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRINCIPLES OF COMPILER

DESIGN
UNIT I
Compilers and Interpreters
• “Compilation”
– Translation of a program written in a source
language into a semantically equivalent
program written in a target language
Input

Source Target
Compiler
Program Program

Error messages Output


(cont’d)

• “Interpretation”
– Performing the operations implied by the
source program

Source
Program
Interpreter Output
Input

Error messages
The Analysis-Synthesis Model of
Compilation

• There are two parts to compilation:


– Analysis determines the operations implied by
the source program which are recorded in a tree
structure
– Synthesis takes the tree structure and translates
the operations therein into the target program
Other Tools that Use the
Analysis-Synthesis Model
• Editors (syntax highlighting)
• Pretty printers (e.g. Doxygen)
• Static checkers (e.g. Lint and Splint)
• Interpreters
• Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX)
• Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL)
• Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)
Preprocessors, Compilers,
Assemblers, and Linkers
Skeletal Source Program

Preprocessor
Source Program
Compiler Try for example:
gcc -v myprog.c
Target Assembly Program
Assembler
Relocatable Object Code
Linker Libraries and
Relocatable Object Files
Absolute Machine Code
The Phases of a Compiler
Phase Output Sample
Programmer (source code Source string A=B+C;
producer)
Scanner (performs lexical Token string ‘A’, ‘=’, ‘B’, ‘+’, ‘C’,
analysis) ‘;’
And symbol table with names
Parser (performs syntax analysis Parse tree or abstract syntax ;
|
based on the grammar of the tree =
programming language) / \
A +
/ \
B C

Semantic analyzer (type checking, Annotated parse tree or


etc) abstract syntax tree
Intermediate code generator Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 C t2
:= t2 A
Optimizer Three-address code, quads, or int2fp B t1
RTL + t1 #2.3 A
Code generator Assembly code MOVF #2.3,r1
ADDF2 r1,r2
The Grouping of Phases
• Compiler front and back ends:
– Front end: analysis (machine independent)
– Back end: synthesis (machine dependent)
• Compiler passes:
– A collection of phases is done only once (single pass)
or multiple times (multi pass)
• Single pass: usually requires everything to be defined before
being used in source program
• Multi pass: compiler may have to keep entire program
representation in memory
Compiler-Construction Tools
• Software development tools are available to
implement one or more compiler phases
– Scanner generators
– Parser generators
– Syntax-directed translation engines
– Automatic code generators
– Data-flow engines

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