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SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators

The document describes various SQL operators such as WHERE, AND, OR, NOT, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, IS NULL, and IS NOT NULL. It provides examples of SQL queries using each operator to filter records based on column values and conditions. Key operators covered include AND to filter records where all conditions are true, OR to filter records where any condition is true, NOT to filter records where conditions are not true, BETWEEN to filter numeric values within a range, IN to specify multiple possible values, LIKE to use wildcard patterns to match strings, and IS NULL/IS NOT NULL to test for empty versus non-empty values.

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zainab alhussainy
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53 views5 pages

SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators

The document describes various SQL operators such as WHERE, AND, OR, NOT, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, IS NULL, and IS NOT NULL. It provides examples of SQL queries using each operator to filter records based on column values and conditions. Key operators covered include AND to filter records where all conditions are true, OR to filter records where any condition is true, NOT to filter records where conditions are not true, BETWEEN to filter numeric values within a range, IN to specify multiple possible values, LIKE to use wildcard patterns to match strings, and IS NULL/IS NOT NULL to test for empty versus non-empty values.

Uploaded by

zainab alhussainy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SELECT * FROM Products

WHERE Price = 18;


SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price > 30;
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price < 30;
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price >= 30;
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price <= 30;
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price <> 18;
SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE Price BETWEEN 50 AND 60;
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City LIKE 's%';
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City IN ('Paris','London');

SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators


he SQL AND, OR and NOT Operators
The WHERE clause can be combined with AND, OR, and NOT operators.

The AND and OR operators are used to filter records based on more than one condition:

 The AND operator displays a record if all the conditions separated by AND are
TRUE.
 The OR operator displays a record if any of the conditions separated by OR is
TRUE.

The NOT operator displays a record if the condition(s) is NOT TRUE.


AND Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;

OR Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;

NOT Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;

OR Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE City='Berlin' OR City='München';

SELECT * FROM Customers


WHERE Country='Germany' OR Country='Spain';

NOT Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country='Germany';

Combining AND, OR and NOT


You can also combine the AND, OR and NOT operators.

The following SQL statement selects all fields from "Customers" where country is "Germany" AND city must be
"Berlin" OR "München" (use parenthesis to form complex expressions):

Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country='Germany' AND (City='Berlin' OR City='München');
Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE NOT Country='Germany' AND NOT Country='USA';

If we have some condition in same field we should be using IN

SELECT * FROM Customers


WHERE NOT Country='Germany' or Country='USA' or Country='Iraq';

SQL IN Operator
The IN operator allows you to specify multiple values in a WHERE clause.

The IN operator is a shorthand for multiple OR conditions.

IN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);

Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country IN ('Germany', 'France', 'UK');

The following SQL statement selects all customers that are NOT located in "Germany", "France" or "UK":

Example
SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country NOT IN ('Germany', 'France', 'UK');

Q/return products with items equal to 20 30 40

Q/ From film table ,get the items from (col1) equal 6


Where col2*col3 greater than 40
LIKE Operator Description

WHERE Finds any values that start with "a"


CustomerName
LIKE 'a%'

WHERE Finds any values that end with "a"


CustomerName
LIKE '%a'

WHERE Finds any values that have "or" in any position WHERE CustomerName LIKE '%b%'
CustomerName B in any position
LIKE '%or%'

WHERE Finds any values that have "r" in the second WHERE CustomerName LIKE '_r%'
CustomerName position Should be 2 char length in this exmple
LIKE '_r%'

WHERE Finds any values that start with "a" and are at
CustomerName least 2 characters in length
LIKE 'a_%'

WHERE Finds any values that start with "a" and are at
CustomerName least 3 characters in length
LIKE 'a__%'

WHERE Finds any values that start with "a" and ends
ContactName LIKE with "o"
'a%o'

% for any numbers of character


_ For single of character

The SQL LIKE Operator


LIKE Syntax
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE columnN LIKE pattern;

Here are some examples showing different LIKE operators with '%' and '_' wildcards:

Q/Get the customers


1-whose col1 contain ali or ahmad
2-phone number end with 0

The IS NULL Operator


It is not possible to test for NULL values with comparison operators, such as =, <, or <>.

We will have to use the IS NULL and IS NOT NULL operators instead.

IS NULL Syntax
SELECT column_names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NULL;

IS NOT NULL Syntax

SELECT column_names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NOT NULL;

The IS NULL Operator


The IS NULL operator is used to test for empty values (NULL values).

The following SQL lists all customers with a NULL value in the "Address" field:

Example

SELECT CustomerName, ContactName, Address


FROM Customers
WHERE Address IS NULL;

The IS NOT NULL Operator


The IS NOT NULL operator is used to test for non-empty values (NOT NULL values).

The following SQL lists all customers with a value in the "Address" field:

Example

SELECT CustomerName, ContactName, Address


FROM Customers
WHERE Address IS NOT NULL;

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