IOT Covid Patient Health Monitor in Quarantine

ABSTRACT:

The main focus of the method is to implement a prototype model for the real time
patient monitoring system. The proposed method is used to measure the physical
parameters like body temperature, heart beat rate, and Blood pressure monitoring
with the help of biosensors. Conventionally there are number of techniques available
for the ICU patient’s health monitoring system with wired communication
technology. In the novel system the patient health is continuously monitored and the
acquired data is transmitted to a using Wi-Fi wireless sensor networks. Embedded
processor supports for analysing the input from the patient and the results of all the
parameters are stored in the database. If any abnormality felt by the patient
indications will send to the medical officials. The implementation of the system is
achieved by the advanced ARDUINO microcontroller and simulation results are
obtained.

Now a day’s health monitoring is essential for all human beings. In recent years
several technique is used for health monitoring purpose. Here I proposed a Wi–Fi
based wireless sensor network for monitoring purpose. Because, it has both data
acquisition and data transmission principle. Each of us requires a periodic monitoring
of vital parameters and correct treatments based on this data. These processes
become even more crucial when people reach a certain age and are not capable to
follow their health condition properly without a special medical personnel or
sophisticated equipment to perform the monitoring. Therefore, a particular interest is
focused on continuous monitoring techniques. For continuous monitoring,
Atmega328 microcontroller is used. In this case several sensor units are considered.
Namely, Temperature sensor, Heart beat rate sensor, human respiratory sensor. All of
sensors are used only for sensing purpose. If the sensed value is equal to normal
value, it stops further process. Otherwise it sends control signals to patient via
Actuator.
Introduction:

Many architectures for remote health monitoring procedures were developed

in the recent years such as smart phone based remote health monitoring
application. In remote health care monitoring application we cannot make use of
the available bandwidth successfully, if we use the traditional mode of
transmitting the data continuously. It reduces the node life time, even leads to
failure of data due to delay and buffer overloading, which is not acceptable
particularly in the health care application. The problems that occur due to the
improper data association collected from patients have been discussed. The
architecture proposed is consists of a central gateway which gathers the data
from all the users and transmit it to the central server periodically, where
clinicians can classify the user’s health status. Therefore, a particular interest is
focused on continuous monitoring techniques. Unlike the spot checking, this type
of monitoring is able to providing long term information about the patient, helps
to record emergency situations and react effectively to any significant change in
person’s health conditions in a real time. Health care is an important part of
everyday life for all human beings on the planet. Each of us requires a periodic
monitoring of imperative parameters and right treatments based on this data.
These processes become even more crucial when people attain a certain age and
are not able to follow their health condition properly without a special medical
recruits or sophisticated equipment to perform the monitoring the older person
gets, the wider spectrum of possible diseases and unexpected emergency
situations might occur. In order to avoid this, he or she needs to be elated to the
hospital, observed by medical staff and provided with immediate help if some of
the parameters are abnormal.
Literature survey:

S. M. Riazul islam et al [1] proposes an intelligent collaborative security model

to minimize security risk; discusses how different innovations such as big data,
ambient intelligence, and wearables can be leveraged in a health care context;
addresses various IoT and eHealth policies and regulations across the world to
determine how they can facilitate economies and societies in terms of sustainable
development; and provides some avenues for future research on IoT-based
health care based on a set of open issues and challenges

Junaid mohammed et al [2] monitors patient’s ECG wave anywhere in the world
using IOIO- OTG Microcontroller. Android application is created for ECG
Monitoring. IOIOOTG microcontroller is connected to android phone using USB
cable (or) Bluetooth dongle. After collecting data, the wave is send to android
application. Monitor and store ECG waves in that android based application.

Mohammed S. Jasses et al [3] focused on body temperature monitoring using

Raspberry pi board in cloud based system. In that paper, Raspberry pi is monitor
body temperature and then these parameters are transfer by wireless sensor
networks (WSN). Then these data’s are added to the cloud based websites. Using
this website monitor bodytemperature.

Hasmah Mansor et al [4] monitors body temperature using LM35 temperature

sensor. The LM35 temperature sensor is connected to the Arduino uno board.
Afterthat creating a website in SQL database format. Arduino uno board is
connected to that website. Then sensor output is send to the website. Using this
website anybody can monitor body temperature in login process.

Afef Mdhaffar et al [5] present a new loT-based health monitoring approach in

which collected medical sensor data is sent to an analysis module via low-cost,
low-power and secure communication links provided by a LoRaWAN network
infrastructure
Mathan Kumar et al [6] discussed about monitors ECG, Respiration rate, heart
rate and body temperature. These sensors are connected to PIC16F887A
microcontroller. After collecting data from sensors, the data is uploaded to the
website manually For monitoring purpose created an android application and
webpage for monitoring the health status.

Soumya Roy et al[7] monitors ECG waves of patient’s. AT Mega 16L

microcontroller is used for monitoring ECG waves. Zigbee module is used for
transferring ECG waves. Zigbee module is sends data to nearest connected
system for zigbee
PROBLEM DEFINITION

In today's social insurance framework for patients who stays in home during
post operational days checking is done either via overseer/ medical caretaker.
Ceaseless observing may not be accomplished by this system, on the grounds that
anything can change in wellbeing parameter inside of part of seconds and amid that
time if guardian/attendant is not in the premises causes more noteworthy harm. So
with this innovation created period where web administers the world gives a thought
to add to another keen health awareness framework where time to time constant
checking of the patient is accomplished.

Existing System:

In existing system, FPGA based ubiquitously connected remote health

monitoring applications with smart transmission mechanism was introduced. This
FPGA based hardware architecture of adaptive rule engine is requires two 16 bit
comparators, two 3 bit adders, one 3 bit comparator and one 16 bit subtracter.
The 16 bit subtractor serially calculates the PR, QRS and QT data intervals of ECG
signal from their respective start and end points from the input data. For
monitoring purpose, the signal acquisition acquires ECG data from patient. ECG
data of 20 patients with different age groups were monitored and then the
evaluated results are compared with original values.

PROPOSED METHOD

In the proposed system the patient is monitored using Wi-Fi. It reduces the
radio interference in the human body. Patient is monitored using different sensors
like temperature, heart beat and motion sensor. The sensed data is then converted
into digital form in the microcontroller. The output of the microcontroller is sent to
the Wi-Fi module. The data is then transmitted in the form of light through the Wi-Fi
module and user can monitor by using IoT cloud app (BLYNK). The concerned person
can access the data of the patient using the mobile application data monitoring
using Wi- Fi. The block diagram of the proposed method is shown in the below
Figure 1.
Objective

Bio-sensor systems comprising various small physiological sensors can facilitate low-
cost wearable solution for health monitoring. The proposal in this dissertation
focuses on the main objectives as mentioned below:

1. To reduce the carrying load of the treatment details and the records.

2. To develop a centralized and distributed server and database where the

information is shared between different servers

3. To provide assistance to patients at home when there is no one beside

them.

4. To also intimate the relative of the patient and the nearest hospital so that

they are there when needed.

5. Online patient health parameters monitoring
Proposed Hardware Architecture:

2 X 16 LCD

Wi-Fi
Module
Regulated
Power supply
Arduino
Temperature
Sensor UNO R3
Stepdown
Transformer

Heartbeat High-pass
Sensor filter

Respiratory
Sensor
System working:

The proposed system architecture consists of Two main units namely monitor unit,
sensor unit. The sensor unit acquires the multi parametric medical data such as body
temperature, Blood pressure, heart beat etc. from different sensors using various
signal processing techniques. Better proactive analysis can be given only if the data
collected from the patient is classified properly. The collected parameters are given
to controller unit. It compares collected data values to original values. If any
deviation occur, it produce control signal to patient via Buzzer. For monitoring
purpose LCD display is used.

Other issue, the Internet of Things (IoT) architectures face is the anywhere or
ubiquitous connectivity, especially in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)
applications where the patient is needed to be under constant supervision of the
clinicians for proactive diagnosis. Bluetooth, ZigBee and Wi-Fi are the primary suite
of high level communications used in WBANs. WBAN systems would have to ensure
seamless data transfer across standards such as Bluetooth LE, ZigBee and Wi-Fi etc.
to promote information exchange, plug and play device interaction. ZigBee and
Bluetooth LE assists in a low energy consumption with low data rate but offers very
low range compared to Wi-Fi. Being a non-static user under monitoring, the chances
of user loosing connectivity by crossing the range is very high which makes the
delivery of proactive diagnosis a difficult aspect.
BASICS OF IoT:

2.1 Definition the Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of uniquely

identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure.
The “Internet of Things” connects devices and vehicles using electronic sensors and
the Internet.

2.2 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects
devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange
data. The IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency,
accuracy and economic benefit, when IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators,
the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber physical
systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, smart homes,
intelligent transportation and smart cities. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through
its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing
Internet infrastructure.

So, Internet of Things or IoT is an architecture that comprises specialized hardware

boards, Software systems, web APIs, protocols which together creates a seamless
environment which allows smart embedded devices to be connected to internet such
that sensory data can be accessed and control system can be triggered over internet.
Hardware description:

1. Arduino UNO

2. 2 X 16 LCD

3. DS1820 Temperature

4. Heartbeat sensor module

5. Respiratory sensor module

6. Power supply

7. WiFi module

Software Requirement

Arduino

Arduino is a type of computer software and hardware company that offers open-
source environment for user project and user community that intends and fabricates
microcontroller based inventions for construction digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and manage the physical world. For programming the
microcontrollers, the Arduino proposal provides an software application or IDE based
on the Processing project, which includes C, C++ and Java programming software. It
also support for embedded C, C++ and Java programming software.
Arduino is an open-source computer hardware and software company, project and
user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller-based kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the
physical world. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including USB
on some models, for loading programs from personal computers. For programming
the microcontrollers, the Arduino platform provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) based on the Processing project, which includes support for C,
C++ and Java programming languages.

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8, 16 or 32-bit AVR microcontroller with

complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into
other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its standard connectors, which
lets users connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules
known as shields . Some shields communicate with the Arduino board directly over
various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus so
many shields can be stacked and used in parallel. Official Arduinos have used the
mega AVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8 , ATmega168.

An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that

simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other
devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an Arduino
more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the
programmer. Currently, opti boot loader is the default boot loader installed on
Arduino UNO. An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot
loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared
with other devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an
Arduino more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the
programmer.
ADVANTAGES:

1. Bridging the gap between the doctor and the patients.

2. Best to be used on rural areas.
3. It is a multipurpose so that overall conditions are easily measured.
4. Easy to operate.
5. Compare with compact sensor it gives better performance.

Disadvantages:

1. Battery may discharge fast, due to continuous use.

Applications:

1. Old age people

2. Rural area
3. Soldiers health monitoring
Expected outcome:

In this work DS1820 temperature sensor and heartbeat sensor is used to read
the temperature and heart rate of patient and microcontroller picks up the data and
send it through Wi-Fi. The data is also sent to the LCD for display so patient or
healthcare can know his health status. During extreme conditions to alert the doctor
message is sent to doctor’s cell phone through Wi-Fi (IoT) modem connected and at
the same time the buzzer turns on to alert caretaker. The doctors can view the sent
data by logging to html webpage using unique logging ID and page refreshing
option is given so continuously data reception is achieved. Hence continuous patient
monitoring system is achieved.

Conclusion and Future Work:

In this paper, we proposed a Wi-Fi based remote health monitoring and control
system using atmega328 microcontroller, which is capable to continuously monitor
the patient’s heart beat, blood pressure and other critical parameters in the hospital.
We also proposed a continuous monitoring and control mechanism to monitor the
patient condition and store the patient statistics in server. For the performance
valuation, simulation results are taken by using PROTEUS 7 simulation tool.

Our future work is to explore the hardware multiplexing between the two radios and
achieve a significant area reduction in the development of multiple radios based
communication devices like an “IoT chipset”. Envisaged IoT chipset will have features
like adaptive rule engine based smart transmission technique to achieve low power
and seamless hand-off controller (SHC) integrated for seamless hand-off between
multiple on-chip radios to enable ubiquitous connectivity.
References:

[1] S. M. Riazul islam, Daehan kwak, MD. Humaun kabir, Mahmud hossain, and
Kyung-sup kwak,” The Internet of Things for Health Care:A Comprehensive Survey” ,
DOI 10.1109/TDSC.2015.2406699, IEEE Transactions.

[2] Junaid Mohammed, Abhinav Thakral, Adrian Filip Ocneanu, Colin Jones, Chung-
Horng Lung, Andy Adler,” Internet of Things: Remote Patient Monitoring Using Web
Services and Cloud Computing”, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of
Things (iThings 2014), Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom2014), and
CyberPhysical- pp 256-263, 2014

[3] Mohammad S. Jassas, Abdullah A. Qasem, Qusay H. Mahmoud,” A Smart System

Connecting e-Health Sensors and the Cloud A Smart System Connecting eHealth
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[4] Hasmah Mansor, Muhammad Helmy Abdul Shukor, Siti Sarah Meskam, Nur
Quraisyia Aqilah Mohd Rusli, Nasiha Sakinah Zamery,” Body Temperature
Measurement for Remote Health Monitoring System” IEEE International Conference
on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA)26-27 November
2013.

[5] Afef Mdhaffar, Tarak Chaari, Kaouthar Larbi, Mohamed Jmaiel and Bernd
Freisleben “IoT-based Health Monitoring via LoRaWAN”, IEEE EUROCON 2017.

[6] K.Mathan Kumar, R.S.Venkatesan,” A Design Approach to Smart Health

Monitoring Using Android Mobile Devices” IEEE International Conference on
Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), pp
1740-1744,2014.

[7] Soumya Roy, Rajarshi Gupta,” Short range centralized cardiac health monitoring
system based on ZigBee communication”, IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology
Conference - South Asia Satellite (GHTCSAS) Trivandrum, pp 177-182,September 26-
27, 2014.