Scribd
Upload
44 views

Introduction To Algorithms

The document introduces algorithms by defining them as step-by-step procedures for solving problems. It provides examples of algorithms to make a cup of tea, withdraw money from an ATM, and calculate the sum of two numbers. The document then discusses the characteristics of algorithms, including being clear, having well-defined inputs and outputs, being finite, feasible, and language independent. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms. Finally, it provides more detailed algorithms for calculating the area of a rectangle, finding the square of a number, determining the largest of two numbers, and calculating the sum of the first N natural numbers.

Uploaded by

NITHISH SAGAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

Introduction To Algorithms

The document introduces algorithms by defining them as step-by-step procedures for solving problems. It provides examples of algorithms to make a cup of tea, withdraw money from an ATM, and calculate the sum of two numbers. The document then discusses the characteristics of algorithms, including being clear, having well-defined inputs and outputs, being finite, feasible, and language independent. It also covers the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms. Finally, it provides more detailed algorithms for calculating the area of a rectangle, finding the square of a number, determining the largest of two numbers, and calculating the sum of the first N natural numbers.

Uploaded by

NITHISH SAGAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Introduction to Algorithms

What is an Algorithm?
An Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a given
problem.
Example: How to make a cup of tea?
Example: How to withdraw money from ATM
Cont…
• The word Algorithm means “a process or set of rules to be followed in
calculations or other problem-solving operations”.

• Therefore Algorithm refers to a set of rules/instructions that step-by-step


define how a work is to be executed upon in order to get the expected results.

• The Algorithm designed are language-independent, i.e. they are just plain
instructions that can be implemented in any language, and yet the output will
be the same, as expected.
Characteristics of an Algorithm

Source: geeksforgeeks.org
Cont.…
➢Clear and Unambiguous: Algorithm should be clear and unambiguous. Each of its
steps should be clear in all aspects and must lead to only one meaning.
➢Well-Defined Inputs: If an algorithm says to take inputs, it should be well-defined
inputs.
➢Well-Defined Outputs: The algorithm must clearly define what output will be
yielded and it should be well-defined as well.
➢Finite-ness: The algorithm must be finite, i.e. it should not end up in an infinite loops
or similar.
➢Feasible: The algorithm must be simple, generic and practical, such that it can be
executed upon will the available resources. It must not contain some future
technology, or anything.
➢Language Independent: The Algorithm designed must be language-independent, i.e.
it must be just plain instructions that can be implemented in any language, and yet the
output will be same, as expected.
Cont.…
Advantages of Algorithms:

➢It is easy to understand.

➢Algorithm is a step-wise representation of a solution to a given problem.

➢In Algorithm the problem is broken down into smaller pieces or steps hence,
it is easier for the programmer to convert it into an actual program.

Disadvantages of Algorithms:

• Writing an algorithm takes a long time so it is time-consuming.

• Branching and Looping statements are difficult to show in Algorithms.


Cont.…
The general form of an algorithm is:

Algorithm:<Algorithm_Name>(input1, input2)
Step 1 : START
Step 2 : <….>
Step 3 : <…..>.
........
Step n : STOP
Find sum of two numbers
Algorithm: SUM(A,B)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read values A and B
Step 3: Add A and B
sum = A + B
Step 4: print sum
Step 5: Stop
Find Area of Rectangle
Algorithm: Area_of_Rectangle(length, breadth)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read values length and breadth
Step 3: Find area of rectangle
area = length * breadth
Step 4: print area
Step 5: Stop
Finding square of a given number
Algorithm: square(num)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read num
Step 3: Find square of num
res = num * num
Step 4: print res
Step 5: Stop
Finding Biggest of two numbers
Algorithm: Big(a, b)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read values a and b
Step 3: If a>b then
print “a is the largest number”
Otherwise
print “b is the largest number”
End if
Step 4: Stop
Finding sum of First N natural numbers
Algorithm: sum_of_N_number(N)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read N
Step 3: set I=1
Step 4: set sum=0
Step 5: repeat loop until N>=I
sum=sum + I
I=I+1
End loop
Step 6: print sum
Step 7: Stop
Finding square of First N natural numbers
Algorithm: square_of_N_number(N)
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read N
Step 3: set I=1
Step 4: repeat loop until N>=I
res=I * I
print res
I=I+1
End loop
Step 5: Stop
Try it Yourself
• Write a algorithm to find area of circle.
• Write a algorithm to find area of triangle.
• Write a algorithm to find product of two numbers.
• Write a algorithm to check the given number is even or odd.
• Write a algorithm to print first N numbers.

You might also like