Unit – 5

1. Java AWT
 Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API (application Programming
Interface) that contains large number of classes and methods to create and
manage
nage Graphical User Interface (GUI
(GUI) applications.
 The AWT was designed to provide a com common
mon set of tools for GUI design
that
hat could work on a variety of platforms.
 The tools provided by the AWT are implemented using each platform's
native GUI toolkit, hence preserving the look and feel of each platform. This
is an advantage of using AWT.
 But the disadvantage of such an approach is that GUI designed on one
platform may look different when displayed on another platform that means
AWT component are platform dependent.
 AWT is heavy weight. i.e. its components are using the resources of
underlying operating system (OS).
 The java.awt package provides classes for AWT API such as
o TextField
o Label
o TextArea
o Radio Button
o CheckBox
o Choice
o List, etc.

2. Java AWT Hierarchy

The hierarchy of Java AWT classes is given below; all the classes are
available in java.awt
.awt package.
2.1 Component class:
 Component class is at the top of AWT hierarchy.
 It is an abstract class that encapsulates all the attributes of visual component.
 A component object is responsible for remembering the current foreground
and background colors and the currently selected text font.

2.2 Container:

 Container is a component in AWT that contains another component like

button, text field, tables etc.
 Container is an abstract subclass of component class.
 Container class keeps track of components that are added to another
component.

2.3 Panel

 Panel class is a concrete subclass of Container.

 Panel does not contain title bar, menu bar or border.
 It is container that is used for holding components.

2.4 Window class

 Window class creates a top level window.

 Window does not have borders and menu bar.

2.5 Frame

 Frame is a subclass of Window and has resizing canvas.

 It is a container that contains several different components like button, title
bar, text field, label etc.
 In Java, most of the AWT applications are created using Frame window.
 Frame class has two different constructors
o Frame() throws HeadlessException
o Frame(String title) throws HeadlessException
2.5.1 Creating a Frame

There are two ways to create a Frame. They are

1. By Instantiating Frame class

2. By extending Frame class

2.5.1.1 Creating Frame Window by Instantiating Frame class

import java.awt.*;
public class Testawt
{
Testawt()
{
Frame fm=new Frame(); //Creating a frame
Label lb = new Label("welcome to java graphics"); //Creating a label
fm.add(lb); //adding label to the frame
fm.setSize(300, 300); //setting frame size.
fm.setVisible(true); //set frame visibilty true
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Testawt ta = new Testawt();
}
}
2.5.1.2 Creating Frame Window by extending Frame class

package testawt;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class Testawt extends Frame
{
public Testawt()
{
Button btn=new Button("Hello World");
add(btn); //adding a new Button.
setSize(400, 500); //setting size.
setTitle("StudyTonight"); //setting title.
setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //set default layout for frame.
setVisible(true); //set frame visibility true.
}
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Testawt ta = new Testawt(); //creating a frame.
}
}
2.5.2 Points to Remember:
 While creating a frame (either by instantiating or extending Frame class),
following two attributes are must for visibility of the frame:
1. setSize(int width, int height);
2. setVisible(true);
 When you create other components like Buttons, TextFields, etc. then you
need to add it to the frame by using the method
add(Component's Object);
 You can add the following method also for resizing the frame
setResizable(true);
2.6 AWT Button
 In Java, AWT contains a Button Class.
 It is used for creating a labeled button which can perform an action.

2.6.1 AWT Button Class Declaration:

public class Button extends Component implements Accessible

Example:
Let’s take an example to create a button and add it to the frame by providing
coordinates.

import java.awt.*;
public class ButtonDemo1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Frame f1=new Frame("studytonight ==> Button Demo");
Button b1=new Button("Press Here");
b1.setBounds(80,200,80,50);
f1.add(b1);
f1.setSize(500,500);
f1.setLayout(null);
f1.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.7 AWT Label
 In Java, AWT contains a Label Class.
 It is used for placing text in a container.
 Only Single line text is allowed and the text cannot be changed directly.

2.7.1 Label Declaration:

public class Label extends Component implements Accessible

Example:
In this example, we are creating two labels to display text to the frame.

import java.awt.*;
class LabelDemo1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame l_Frame= new Frame("studytonight ==> Label Demo");
Label lab1,lab2;
lab1=new Label("Welcome to studytonight.com");
lab1.setBounds(50,50,200,30);
lab2=new Label("This Tutorial is of Java");
lab2.setBounds(50,100,200,30);
l_Frame.add(lab1);
l_Frame.add(lab2);
l_Frame.setSize(500,500);
l_Frame.setLayout(null);
l_Frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
2.8 AWT TextField
 In Java, AWT contains a TextField Class.
 It is used for displaying single line text.
2.8.1 TextField Declaration:
public class TextField extends TextComponent
Example:
 We are creating two text fields to display single line text string.
 This text is editable in nature, see the below example.

import java.awt.*;
class TextFieldDemo1{
public static void main(String args[]){
Frame TextF_f= new Frame("studytonight ==>TextField");
TextField text1,text2;
text1=new TextField("Welcome to studytonight");
text1.setBounds(60,100, 230,40);
text2=new TextField("This tutorial is of Java");
text2.setBounds(60,150, 230,40);
TextF_f.add(text1);
TextF_f.add(text2);
TextF_f.setSize(500,500);
TextF_f.setLayout(null);
TextF_f.setVisible(true);
 }
}

2.9 AWT TextArea

 In Java, AWT contains aTextArea Class.
 It is used for displaying multiple-line text.

2.9.1 TextArea Declaration:

public class TextArea extends TextComponent

Example:
In this example, we are creating a TextArea that is used to display multiple-line
text string and allows text editing as well.

import java.awt.*;
public class TextAreaDemo1
{
TextAreaDemo1()
{
Frame textArea_f= new Frame();
TextArea area=new TextArea("Welcome to studytonight.com");
area.setBounds(30,40, 200,200);
textArea_f.add(area);
 textArea_f.setSize(300,300);
textArea_f.setLayout(null);
textArea_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new TextAreaDemo1();
}
}

2.10 AWT Checkbox

 In Java, AWT contains a Checkbox Class.
 It is used when we want to select only one option i.e true or false.
 When the checkbox is checked then its state is "on" (true), else it is
"off"(false).
2.10.1 Checkbox Syntax
public class Checkbox extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible

Example:
 In this example, we are creating checkbox that are used to get user input.
 If checkbox is checked it returns true else returns false.

import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxDemo1
{
CheckboxDemo1(){
Frame checkB_f= new Frame("studytonight ==>Checkbox Example");
Checkbox ckbox1 = new Checkbox("Yes", true);
ckbox1.setBounds(100,100, 60,60);
Checkbox ckbox2 = new Checkbox("No");
 ckbox2.setBounds(100,150, 60,60);
checkB_f.add(ckbox1);
checkB_f.add(ckbox2);
checkB_f.setSize(400,400);
checkB_f.setLayout(null);
checkB_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CheckboxDemo1();
}
}

2.11 AWT CheckboxGroup

 In Java, AWT contains aCheckboxGroup Class.
 It is used to group a set of Checkbox.
 When Checkboxes are grouped then only one box can be checked at a time.

2.11.1 CheckboxGroup Declaration:

public class CheckboxGroup extends Object implements Serializable

Example:
 This example creates a checkbox group that is used to group multiple
checkbox in a single unit.
 It is helpful when we have to select single choice among the multiples.
 import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxGroupDemo
{
CheckboxGroupDemo()
{
Frame ck_groupf= new Frame("studytonight ==>CheckboxGroup");
CheckboxGroupobj = new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox ckBox1 = new Checkbox("Yes", obj, true);
ckBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
Checkbox ckBox2 = new Checkbox("No", obj, false);
ckBox2.setBounds(100,150, 50,50);
ck_groupf.add(ckBox1);
ck_groupf.add(ckBox2);
ck_groupf.setSize(400,400);
ck_groupf.setLayout(null);
ck_groupf.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CheckboxGroupDemo();
}
}

2.12 AWT Choice

 In Java, AWT contains a Choice Class.
 It is used for creating a drop-down menu of choices.
  When a user selects a particular item from the drop-down then it is shown on
the top of the menu.

2.12.1 Choice Declaration:

public class Choice extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible

Example:
 In this example, we are creating drop-down menu that is used to get user
choice from multiple choices.

import java.awt.*;
public class ChoiceDemo
{
ChoiceDemo()
{
Frame choice_f= new Frame();
Choice obj=new Choice();
obj.setBounds(80,80, 100,100);
obj.add("Red");
obj.add("Blue");
obj.add("Black");
obj.add("Pink");
obj.add("White");
obj.add("Green");
choice_f.add(obj);
choice_f.setSize(400,400);
choice_f.setLayout(null);
choice_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new ChoiceDemo();
}
}
2.13 AWT List
 In Java, AWT contains a List Class.
 It is used to represent a list of items together.
 One or more than one item can be selected from the list.
2.13.1 List Declaration:
public class List extends Component implements ItemSelectable, Accessible

Example:
In this example, we are creating a list that is used to list out the items.

import java.awt.*;
public class ListDemo
{
ListDemo()
{
Frame list_f= new Frame();
List obj=new List(6);
obj.setBounds(80,80, 100,100);
obj.add("Red");
obj.add("Blue");
obj.add("Black");
 obj.add("Pink");
obj.add("White");
obj.add("Green");
list_f.add(obj);
list_f.setSize(400,400);
list_f.setLayout(null);
list_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new ListDemo();
}
}

2.14 AWT Canvas

 In Java, AWT contains a Canvas Class.
 A blank rectangular area is provided.
 It is used when a user wants to draw on the screen.

2.14.1 Declaration:
public class Canvas extends Component implements Accessible
Example:
 The canvas is used to provide a place to draw using mouse pointer.
 We can use it to get user architectural user input.

import java.awt.*;
public class CanvasDemo1
{
public CanvasDemo1()
{
Frame canvas_f= new Frame("studytonight ==> Canvas");
canvas_f.add(new CanvasDemo());
canvas_f.setLayout(null);
canvas_f.setSize(500, 500);
canvas_f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new CanvasDemo1();
}
}
class CanvasDemo extends Canvas
{
public CanvasDemo() {
setBackground (Color.WHITE);
setSize(300, 200);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillOval(80, 80, 150, 75);
}
}