A Final Year Internship Report

on
Web Applications Development
at
SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd.

Submitted To Office of Dean,

Faculty of Management Tribhuvan University

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of

Information Management (BIM)

Under the Supervision of

Er. Dhiraj Kumar Jha
Project Coordinator
Orchid International College

Submitted By Ananta Rai

TU Registration No: 7-2-939-51-2017
TU Exam Roll No: 8144/17
Orchid International College

June 2022
 SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION
I hereby recommend that this report has been prepared under my supervision by Mr
Ananta Rai in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Information Management (BIM) be processed for evaluation.

……………..........…….
Er. Dhiraj Kumar Jha
Project Coordinator/ Internship Supervisor
Orchid International College
Bijayachowk, Gaushala

i
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
The undersigned certify that they have read and recommended to the Department of
Information Management for acceptance, an internship report submitted by Mr
Ananta Rai in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Information
Management (BIM).

---------------------------- -------------------------
Er. Dhiraj Kumar Jha Sikha Sharma
Internship Supervisor Internal Examiner
Department of Information Management Full Time Faculty
Orchid International College Orchid International College
Bijayachowk, Gaushala Bijayachowk, Gaushala

ii
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the internship report entitled “Web Application Development at
SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd”, submitted at Office of the Dean, Faculty of Management,
Tribhuvan University is my original work done in the form of partial fulfillment of
requirement of the Bachelor of Information Management under the supervision of Er.
Dhiraj Kumar Jha. This work is an independent work supported by primary and
secondary data collected from various sources. The help taken from the other people
has been mentioned on the acknowledgement. Any part of this report and the report as
a whole therefore has not been submitted or published for the academic award of any
other university or academic institutions

……………..........…….
Ananta Rai
BIM VIII semester
Orchid International College
Roll No: 8144/17
T.U Registration No: 7-2-939-51-2017

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt thanks to all the individuals
who availed me with the support and encouragement to complete this internship. I am
very grateful to Orchid International College and Tribhuvan University (T.U.) for
providing such a course. Especially, I would like to thank Er. Dhiraj Kumar Jha
(Supervisor) for all his help and support to complete this internship.
I would like to express sincere thanks to CEO Mr. Sunil Rijal, and supervisor Mr.
Sushan Shrestha at SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. for their continuous support and guidance
throughout my internship period. They have helped me in several ways to acquire
knowledge about the related field. Without their help, I would not have been able to
fulfill my internship.
Finally, I am very grateful to all my teachers, friends, and seniors and family for their
support and thanks to all those who knowingly and unknowingly have helped to
complete my project.

Ananta Rai
Exam Roll no: 8144/17
T.U Registration No: 7-2-939-51-2017

iv
 Table of Contents

SUPERVISOR’S RECOMMENDATION..................................................................i

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL..............................................................................ii

DECLARATION........................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................iv

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION..............................................................................1

1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................1

1.2 Background..........................................................................................................2

1.3 Literature Review.................................................................................................2

1.4 Objectives.............................................................................................................3

1.5 Methodology........................................................................................................3

1.5.1 Organization Selection..................................................................................3

1.5.2 Placement......................................................................................................4

1.5.3 Duration.........................................................................................................4

1.5.4 Activities.......................................................................................................5

CHAPTER II - INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY................................................6

2.1 Brief Introduction of Industry..............................................................................6

2.1.1 Features of the Information Technology Industry........................................6

2.1.2 Role of the Information Technology Industry..............................................6

2.2 History of IT in Nepal..........................................................................................6

2.3 Present Situation...................................................................................................7

2.4 IT Policy in Nepal................................................................................................8

2.5 Importance of IT..................................................................................................8

2.6 Challenges and Opportunities..............................................................................9

2.6.1 Challenges.....................................................................................................9

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 2.6.2 Opportunities.................................................................................................9

2.7 Fields in IT.........................................................................................................10

CHAPTER III - INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION........................11

3.1 Introduction to Organization..............................................................................11

3.2 Objectives...........................................................................................................11

3.3 Product and Services..........................................................................................12

3.4 Contact Details...................................................................................................13

3.5 Organization Structure.......................................................................................13

CHAPTER IV - ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES......................................................14

4.1 Analysis of Activities Done...............................................................................14

4.2 Introduction to the System.................................................................................14

4.3 Brief Description of Activity Done....................................................................15

4.3.1 Propose System...........................................................................................15

4.3.2 System Requirements..................................................................................15

4.4 System Analysis.................................................................................................16

4.4.1 Requirements Analysis................................................................................16

4.5 Design................................................................................................................17

4.5.1 System Design.............................................................................................17

4.5.2 Diagrams.....................................................................................................17

4.6 Implementation..................................................................................................25

4.6.1 Tools Used..................................................................................................25

CHAPTER V - CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................27

5.1 Conclusion..........................................................................................................27

5.2 Lesson Learnt.....................................................................................................27

REFERENCES...........................................................................................................29

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Organization Structure of SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd..............................................13
Figure 4.1 Use Case Diagram of the System...............................................................18
Figure 4.2 Class Diagram of the System......................................................................21
Figure 4.3 Activity Diagram of the System.................................................................22
Figure 4.4 Sequence Diagram of the System...............................................................23

vii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Duration of Internship....................................................................................4
Table 1.2 Gantt Chart showing duration of internship...................................................5
Table 3.1 Contact Details.............................................................................................13
Table 4.1 Login............................................................................................................19
Table 4.2 Manage Posts...............................................................................................19
Table 4.3 View Posts....................................................................................................20
Table 4.4 Update System.............................................................................................20
Table 4.5 Test Case (Add Post)....................................................................................24

viii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
API Application Programming Interface
BIM Bachelor of Information Management
CRUD Create Read Update Delete
CSS Cascading Style Sheet
FOM Faculty of Management
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
IT Information Technology
JS JavaScript
MVC Model View Controller
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
SDLC Software Development Life Cycle
SQL Structured Query Language
TU Tribhuvan University
UML Unified Modeling Language

ix
 CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction
An internship is a professional learning experience that offers meaningful, practical
work related to a student’s field of study or career interest. An internship gives a
student the opportunity for career exploration and development, and to learn new
skills. It offers the employer the opportunity to bring new ideas and energy into the
workplace, develop talent and potentially build a pipeline for future full-time
employees
According to the requirement of Faculty of Management (FOM) of Tribhuvan
University, the students of 8th semester are supposed to undergo internship in any
organization for minimum of twelve weeks for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of
Information Management (BIM) program. This internship program conducted during
8th semester BIM program was carried out at SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. which is recently
located at Bhimsen Gola Marg, Min Bhawan, Kathmandu.
An internship provides us with new skills and opportunities. Interns not only gain
technical knowledge within the industry of their choice, but they also learn how to
interact with professionals in a workplace setting, and develop essentials soft skills
like time management, organization, adaptability, problem-solving and teamwork.
Learning in a classroom setting can only do so much. At a certain point, you need to
apply what you have learned to a real-world situation. For example, a student learns
about business writing in a course for their communication major. They use what they
learned about email etiquette to write clear and concise email memos during their
time as an internal communications intern.
This experience gave an opportunity to gain practical knowledge on working in an
organization and utilize conceptual knowledge in specific area of the study. It helped
me to understand the overall aspects of web application designing and development.
The standards and the rules to follow while developing any application. It helped me
to get touch with various tools and be familiar with its usability.
As a part of BIM program, students are required to complete internship with a motive
of blending theoretical knowledge to practical experience. I accomplished this

1
internship program at SoftNEP Pvt Ltd, Bhimsen Gola Marg, Min Bhawan,
Kathmandu.
As stipulated by the University, the duration of internship was two months. During
the internship period I have strongly felt the implication of every subject matter which
I learned from BIM Courses and got familiar with it.
I was introduced to IT market of Nepal and the professionalism and communication
within the organization. Which leads to choose my future as a Web Developer So, I
choose to do my internship in my interested field i.e. developing.

1.2 Background
This report is completely based on the personal experience gained while working as
an intern at SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. The whole duration of internship was completed in IT
Department. This experience gave an opportunity to gain practical knowledge on
working in an organization and utilize conceptual knowledge in specific area of the
study.
It's a great way to gain specific skills and knowledge as well as make contacts and
build confidence. Laravel is a web app development framework with expressive and
elegant syntax that makes the entire web development process faster, easier, and
enjoyable for developers by eliminating all the pain-points associated with handling
complex PHP code.

1.3 Literature Review

The Model/View/Controller design pattern is very useful for architecting interactive
software systems. This design pattern is partition-independent, because it is expressed
in terms of an interactive application running in a single address space. Applying the
Model/View/Controller design pattern to web-applications is therefore complicated by
the fact that current technologies encourage developers to partition the application as
early as in the design phase. Subsequent changes to that partitioning require
considerable changes to the application's implementation despite the fact that the
application logic has not changed. This paper introduces the concept of Flexible Web-
Application Partitioning, a programming model and implementation infrastructure,
that allows developers to apply the ModeWViewKontroller design pattern in a

2
partition-independent manner: Applications are developed and tested in a single
address-space; they can then be deployed to various clientherver architectures without
changing the application's source code. In addition, partitioning decisions can be
changed without modifying the application. (Leff & Rayfield, n.d.)

Software engineering has proven to be very important for standard software

development. But, can Web applications be engineered as well? Currently, J2EE,
Apache/Perl/PDP/MySQL and .NET have been universally accepted as Web
application development technology, but there is no universal accepted methodology
for Web application development process. Web application needs to be engineered by
moving focus from technology to process. In this paper, a novel lifecycle model for
Web application development in SMEs has been proposed. It includes two iterative
process phases with a pre-iterative sequential process phase. This model has been
applied to a real-world project and the result has proved its potential to shape the way
on how web applications can be engineered in SMEs. (Huang et al., 2008)

1.4 Objectives
An internship provides a variety of benefits for young workers who want to broaden
their chances for landing a job and jump-starting their careers. Internships give you a
taste of what a profession is like, help you build your resume and let you meet people
who can help you in your career. The general objective of this internship is to partially
fulfill the requirements for the degree BIM. The specific objectives of internship are:

 To be able to build web application using Laravel.

 To be able to secure, test and deploy Laravel application.

1.5 Methodology
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field
of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles
associated with a branch of knowledge.

1.5.1 Organization Selection

3
As required by the course of BIM degree of Tribhuvan Technology (TU), students are
required to do the internships in the IT field. So, I began searching for organizations
for appropriate selection of the organization in crucial.
As an intern, I wanted to be in the organization where my interest would be fully
appreciated. Laravel is flourishing web app development framework in the IT field
and easy to learn, so I started with Laravel, Laravel technology has the potential to
build websites or web applications and provides advanced security feature to
configure on most websites.
Hence, I selected SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd as my internship destination. Then, I dropped my
CV (Curriculum Vitae) to the organization for the intern. Through a brief interview I
was selected as a software engineer intern at the organization.

1.5.2 Placement
From day one, I got the opportunity to work in a team. It helped me to improve my
performance. A supervisor was assigned to me, who was responsible for guiding me
and evaluating my performance.
I had provided with workspace at the organization and worked under the supervision
Sushan Shrestha with the access to the very information of the organization, its
resources, and information.

1.5.3 Duration

Table 1.1 Duration of Internship

Department IT Team

Supervisor Mr. Sushan Shrestha

Start Date 24th January, 2022

End Date 23rd April, 2022

Working Hour 9:30 AM – 6:00 PM
Working Days Monday – Friday (5 Days a week)
Total Duration 3 months

4
Position Trainee Intern

5
1.5.4 Activities
The activities done at SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. was under the supervision of the Project
Manager and the duties were assigned on a daily basis. The supervisor suggested and
corrected us while performing any tasks. The project was done on visual studio for
development of web application according to the task assigned and got the chance to
gain knowledge in web development. The following Gantt chart shows the activities
performed during internship period:

Table 1.2 Gantt Chart showing duration of internship

Activities Weeks of Internship

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
Backend, work-
flow
understanding
Observation and
Analysis
Design
Coding and
debugging
Testing
Implementation

6
 CHAPTER II - INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY

2.1 Brief Introduction of Industry

The information technology (IT) sector is comprised of companies that produce
software, hardware or semiconductor equipment, or companies that provide internet
or related services. The three major industry groups within the IT sector are software
and services, technology hardware and equipment and semiconductors and
semiconductor equipment. These three industry groups are further divided into
industries and sub-industries. Companies are aligned to a specific sub-industry that
best describes their core or most profitable business. In this guide, we will cover the
various industries and sub-industries that make up the three major industry groups
within the IT sector.

2.1.1 Features of the Information Technology Industry

IT Industry has the following features:

 IT industry is different as it is more related to knowledge-based specialization.

 IT Industry sector is major driving force for the other economic sectors in the
growth process.
 Economics of scale in IT Industry are high.

2.1.2 Role of the Information Technology Industry

The world of IT is rapidly growing. The employment opportunities are growing in this
sector day by day. There have been many emerging Information Technology
companies in the country. IT is essential in every sector of the nation and through
effective infrastructures the standard of living among the people can be raised. The
advances of Information Technology are rapidly increasing due to increase in their
internet user to access the necessary information.

2.2 History of IT in Nepal

There is not a long history of computers in Nepal. Nepal hired some types of
calculators and computers for its census calculation. Following list shows it’s history
in Nepal.· In 2018 BS an electronic calculator called “Facit” was used for census.· In

7
2028 BS census IBM 1401 a second generation mainframe computer was used.· In
2031 BS a center for Electronic Data Processing, Later renamed to National
Computer Center(NCC),was established for national data processing and computer
training.· In 2038 BS ICL 2950/10 a second generation mainframe computer was used
for census.· Now-a-days probably each and every institutions ,business
organizations ,communication centers, ticket counters etc. are using computers.
The history of computer in Nepal is not that old since Nepal has not given any
contribution in the development of evolution of computer. It was in 2028 B.S. when
HMG brought IBM 1401 (a Second-Generation computer) on rent for Rs. 1 lakh and
25 thousand per month to process census data. Later the computer was bought by
National Computer Center (NCC).
In 2038 B.S., a fourth-generation computer was imported with the aid of UNDP and
UNFPA from England for 20 lakhs US dollars. Its name was ICL 2950/10. This
computer had 64 terminals and it is kept in museum now. At that time British
Government helped to develop manpower of NCC. In the meantime, Nepalese
students went to India, Thailand and USA for the computer education themselves.
Likewise, in 2039 B.S., microcomputers such as Apple, Vector, Sins, etc. were
imported by private companies and individuals. Many private companies like
Computer Consultancy (CC), Management Information Processing System (MIPS),
Data System International (DSI), etc. were established. Such private companies
started selling computers and training people in other to produce manpower in Nepal
itself.

2.3 Present Situation

Currently, there are many technological establishments in Nepal the trend only seems
to be growing. Different software and IT companies are starting to make an impact on
global scale and well as many students of engineering are inspired to establish their
own business startups.
Nepal is also improving in the technological gadget field. Smartphone, laptop and
tablet are accessible to the users of Nepal. Ripple is a Nepali OEM that manufactures
laptops. So far, they have launched a single model, Ripple Artifact.
Nepali users are able to place the order in the market through online and payment of
money through E-Sewa and Dollar card etc., online banking, need of applications by

8
many small- and large-scale companies to operate their businesses. Most offices
throughout the nation have electronic attendance system. Almost all business and
organizations now have a website, so in the near future, all information will be
digitized and will be easier.

2.4 IT Policy in Nepal

Information and Communication Technologies are increasingly at the core of
strategies aimed at securing the goals of sustainable development and stimulating
economic growth in countries around the world. Among others, these technologies are
shaping the way social interaction takes place and public services are delivered in
some fundamental ways. It is precisely along these lines that the Government of
Nepal has placed a great deal of importance on transformative potential of ICTs and
positioning these technologies within the larger context of its far-reaching
developmental aspirations premised around poverty reduction as an overarching goal.
This policy is premised around the realization that there is an urgent need to formulate
strategic responses to account for technological trends shaping the ICT sector.
Formulating policy responses in alignment with the dynamism of the sector becomes
all the more important given the need to adequately factor in key strategic imperatives
impinging on faster uptake of ICTs in the country, namely issues surrounding cyber
security, data protection, privacy and respect for intellectual property rights. Equally
important is the need to address the challenges posed by technological convergence
especially from regulatory and governance perspectives. Given that telecom
connectivity is fast expanding across the country, inching closer to saturation point,
the focus should now should also shift on demand side fundamentals that need to be
strengthened in order to ensure strategic alignment of resourcefulness offered by ICTs
with our growth and development aspirations (National Information and
Communication Technology Policy, 2015).

2.5 Importance of IT
With the help of IT, communication has also become cheaper, quicker and more
efficient. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from
different parts of the world.

9
IT has helped computerize the business process thus streamlining businesses to make
them extremely cost-effective money-making machines. This in turn increases
productivity which ultimately gives rise to profit that means better pay and less
strenuous working condition.IT is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer
programmers, System analysts, Software developers and Web designers are just some
of the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT.
Information technology is used for storing, protecting, processing, securing,
transmitting, receiving and retrieving information. Furthermore, the technological
development has aided the entire globe.

2.6 Challenges and Opportunities

2.6.1 Challenges
There are several challenges in IT industry in Nepal though it is one of the industries
making rapid progress in Nepal. Some challenges of IT Industry in Nepal are listed as
below:
 Network security is by far the greatest concern for many companies
 Insufficient allocation of Budget
 Insufficient manpower for developing IT industry
 No implementation of Cyber law
 Unstable Government politics and increasing load-shedding

2.6.2 Opportunities
With rapid progress of IT industry in Nepal, it has also provided a great range of
opportunities. IT industry has been a boon for the developing country like ours. It has
played crucial role to enhance the people life.
Some opportunities are listed as below:
 Establishment of software companies
 Technological advances had resulted in dramatically lowering costs of
electronics
 Reduced Operating Cost
 Growth of Technology.
 Borderless world as a result of globalization

10
11
2.7 Fields in IT
Modern society is becoming more and more reliant on the use of technology and this
has indeed created the demand of expert in the field of Information and Technology.
Thus, IT has become one of the most popular subject choices for the students.
1. System Analyst
A system analyst reviews design components and uses their knowledge of information
technology to solve business problems. They identify ways that infrastructure needs to
change to streamline business and IT operations. They can assist technicians in
training staff to implement the changes they propose.
2. Cloud system engineer
A cloud system engineer estimates the amount of database storage a company has and
measures the availability of programs for the user. They also evaluate if data is being
processed correctly within an organization’s cloud infrastructure.
3. Web Developer
Web developers are the appearance, navigation and content organization of a website.
They use coding languages such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript to manage graphics,
applications and content that address a client’s needs.
4. User Experience Designer
A user experience (UX) designer is involved with all facets of product development
regarding its purchasing, branding, usability and functionality. They collect and
review user feedback to determine what product needs to be efficient, functional and
successful. They apply this feedback to the design, organization and usability.
5. Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance testers are techniques or engineers who check software products to
see if they’re up to industry standards and free of any issues. This role is common for
gaming systems, mobile applications and other technology that needs further testing
and maintenance when recommended.

12
 CHAPTER III - INTRODUCTION OF THE
ORGANIZATION

3.1 Introduction to Organization

SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. is a leading software company in Nepal, which has been
contributing a lot in IT industry of Nepal since 2004. It has a well-organized and
experienced team who provide integrated and innovative solutions and services to its
client. It emphasizes on providing reliable and committed services to its clients.
It is an independent, modern digital agency with oodles of experience in creating
digital products and the strategies to power them. As one of the leading software
companies, SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. understands the importance of clients, so they analysis
the requirements of the clients properly and make an effort to provide the reliable and
committed service to fulfill the requirements of the clients..
For over 14 years company have been delivering extensive product services from
ideation to design and marketing. SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. helps you enhance your product
offering through strategic development, product positioning, targeted marketing, and
an intuitively designed user experience.
It applies the appropriate level of technology to each project, keeping smaller projects
simple and larger projects robust. SoftNEP has a team of creative designers, quick
developers, vigilant project managers, and aggressive SEO experts.
The organization provides quality, professionalism, customer centric approach and
full range of services. It consists of the all the elements that is required to grow in IT
industry and provide proper services. All the projects are planned thoroughly and each
task are run according to the plan which decreases the chance of errors.

3.2 Objectives
SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd responds to each client’s according to their requirement and
provides best services to meet the client’s requirement. Our main objectives are as
follows:

 To provide quality service to the client

 To provide cost effective software solutions

13
  To provide consultancy and advisory services on ICT tools and technology

 To conduct research and development on latest technology and promote

scaling up

3.3 Product and Services

SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd has been providing an extensive product services from ideation to
design and marketing for over 16 years now. The organization helps its client by
enhancing their products by offering through strategic development, product
positioning, targeted marketing, and an intuitively designed user experience.
Services offered by organization are:

 Web Design & UX

 Software Applications

 Web Application Development

 Mobile Application Development

 News Portal Development
 Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

 Web Hosting

 Server Management

 Digital Marketing

 Online Radio Streaming

 Pay Per Click Advertisement

Portfolio of works of SoftNEP includes:

 Setopati Digital Newspaper

 JyotiLife Insurance

 Sita Air

 Shila Patra

14
  Himal Khabar

 Great Himalaya Trails

 CIN Khabar Mobile Application

 Khel Pati

 Lumbini Times

 Nepal Samaya

 Kalika FM

 Space Khabar

3.4 Contact Details

Table 3.1 Contact Details

Website https://softnep.com.np
Email [email protected].
Phone 01-4115934
Address Bhimsen Gola Marg, Min Bhawan,
Kathmandu

3.5 Organization Structure

15
Figure 3.1 Organization Structure of SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd.

16
 CHAPTER IV - ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES

4.1 Analysis of Activities Done

This phase simply included working together with team at SoftNEP Pvt. Ltd. and
knowing working environment the organization Intern was also considered as crucial
part of the team. The supervisor was very thoughtful and cooperative in helping intern
to understand the working procedure of development process in the organization. The
phase also included the proper understanding of communication procedures, working
procedures of the organization.
During my time as an intern, I was assigned a task to work on the backend of a web
application for a news portal. It was a great experience for I learnt a lot during the
period. I got familiar with PHP and Laravel framework, developed a back end for
News Module, and more. SoftNEP uses a customized CMS for their work so, I got
learn about the organization to explore their customized CMS, Bhitta CMS. I
integrated the web application to the CMS, worked on the backend of various projects
through the internship period.

4.2 Introduction to the System

For backend development of website, intern need to have basic knowledge of web
development. The preparation phase involved considering and reading different
document related to the web development i.e.,Laravel official documentation,
W3school, ES6 Tutorial and many more. Intern gathered in-depth understanding of
MVC Pattern, JS, Ajax, jQuery, HTML and its related domains during the preparation
phase.
The organization uses its customized content management system named Bhitta CMS.
Hence, getting to know how to work with the system was crucial at first. The motto of
the proposed system for the news portal was to provide a platform for the audience
that facilitates them with a quick as well as reliable news of diverse areas that too is
an easy accessible way.

17
4.3 Brief Description of Activity Done
Laravel is a free web framework for building great websites and saves a lot time
compare to the website built from scratch. Godawari News Portal Project is a Laravel
web application designed for news portal site. This web application was developed to
publish publications, articles, current affairs, and other news related content. Whereas
the news portal facilitates the audience to acquire the information on diverse areas
including public, political, sports, sports, health, entertainment, and many more.

4.3.1 Propose System

The intern was given the responsibility to handle backend development of the
Godawai News Portal. Godawari News Portal is a web application designed to
facilitate audience to the easy access of latest and reliable news from all over the
globe. Some of the features of the application was:
 Viewers could get easy access to the reliable news.
 The news provided by the news portals are of easy access.
 The system provides a diverse areas of news including sports, agriculture, and
more.
 The system facilitates the viewers to listen online radio streaming as well.
 Customer can provide their opinions through comment on the blogs and
articles featured on the news portal.
 Customers can read the written form of the entire interview broadcasted on the
Godawari News TV.

4.3.2 System Requirements

During the development of the system, we needed to design the web page and
database system. The hardware and software required for the system development are
described below.

4.3.2.1 Hardware Requirements

 CPU Processor – Intel Core i5

 RAM – 8GB
 Graphics – 2GB

18
  Display – 1366 x 768 resolution
 OS – Windows 10

4.3.2.2 Software Requirements

 XAMPP

 VS Code

 Web Browser

4.4 System Analysis

System analysis is the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify
its goal and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an
efficient way.

4.4.1 Requirements Analysis

Requirement analysis is process of defining user expectations for a new software
being build or modified. In software engineering, it is sometimes referred to loosely
by names such as requirements gathering or requirements capturing.

4.4.1.1 Functional Requirement

Functional Requirement defines a function of a system or its component, where a
function is described as a specification of behavior between outputs and inputs. Some
of Functional Requirement of Kathmandu Food is given below:
Admin
 System Login
 Create, Read, Edit and Delete (CRUD) news
 Acess headlines news
 Post blogs and articles
 Update news details
Customers
 Search News
 Like and comment on blogs

19
  Access social networking platforms of Godawari News.
 Easy access to diverse areas of news
4.4.1.2 Non-Functional Requirements
Non-Functional requirement specifies the quality attribute of a software system. Non-
functional requirements allow you to impose constraints or restrictions on the design
of the system across the various agile backlogs. Non-functional requirements for
instance accuracy, usability, performance and security are often crucial to any system.

4.5 Design
Software design is a process to transform user requirements into some suitable form,
which helps the programmer in software coding and implementation. For assessing
user requirements, an SRS (Software Requirement Specification) document is created
whereas for coding and implementation, there is a need of more specific and detailed
requirements in software terms.
The output of this process can directly be used into implementation in programming
languages. Software design is the first step in SDLC, which moves the concentration
from problem domain to solution.

4.5.1 System Design

System design is the process of defining the components, modules, interfaces and data
for a system to satisfy specified requirements. It is the phase that bridges the gap
between problem domain and the system in a manageable way.
In this phase, the complex activity of system development is divided into several
smaller sub-activities, which coordinate with each other to achieve the main objective
of system development. Various Unified Modeling Language were used to design the
system such as Use case Diagram, Sequence Diagram and Class Diagram and
Activity Diagram.

4.5.2 Diagrams
4.5.2.1 Use Case Diagram

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A use case is a description of how a person who actually uses that process or system
will accomplish a goal. It's typically associated with software systems, but can be
used in reference to any process.
The Use Case diagram showcases the functional requirements of the proposed system.
As per the system I worked in the Use case presented show cases all the
functionalities of the news portal.
The proposed news portal allows the users to access news on diverse areas including
sports, entertainment, agriculture, foos, current affairs, politics, society, finance, radio
updates, and many more. Amidst the outbreak of the Corona virus, viewers can also
get the updates news of the corona update as well.

Figure 4.1 Use Case Diagram of the System

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4.5.2.2 Use Case Description

Table 4.1 Login

Use-case UC1: Login

Identifier
Primary Actor Admin
Secondary Actor None
Description The administrator can logged in their account in the system an
act their work.
Pre-condition The admin can only access if they have valid email and
password.
Post-condition The database must be updated.
Success Admin can acces the further proccess.
Scenario
Failure Scenario The database is not connected.

Table 4.2 Manage Posts

Use-case UC2: Manage Posts

Identifier
Primary Actor Admin
Secondary None
Actor
Description The administrator operates the system by adding, updating,
editing and deleting posts.
Pre-condition The admin must login successfully to the system.

Post-condition The database must be updated.

Success Admin can add, update, edit an delete posts.
Scenario
Failure Scenario The database is not connected.

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 Table 4.3 View Posts

Use-case UC3: View Posts

Identifier
Primary Actor Users
Secondary Actor Admin
Description The users of the system can view content of the system which is
available.
Pre-condition The users must have proper IP in order to access.

Post-condition The database must be updated.

Success Scenario Uses can acces the overall posts.
Failure Scenario The database is not connected.

Table 4.4 Update System

Use-case UC4: Update System

Identifier
Primary Actor Admin
Secondary Actor None
Description The administrator can update the system.

Pre-condition The admin can only access if they have valid email and
password.
Post-condition The database must be updated.
Success Scenario Admin can access the process in order to update system.
Failure Scenario The database is not connected.

4.5.2.3 Class Diagram

Class diagrams is a graphical notation used to construct and visualize object-oriented
systems. A class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language is a type of static

23
structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the systems:
classes, attributes, operations and the relationships among objects. The Class Diagram
of the project are as follow:

Figure 4.2 Class Diagram of the System

4.5.2.4 Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is another important behavioral diagram in UML diagram to
describe dynamic aspects of the system. Activity diagram is essentially an advanced
version of flow chart that modeling the flow from one activity to another activity.

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 Figure 4.3 Activity Diagram of the System

4.5.2.5 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram which describes how operations
are carried out. They capture the interaction between objects in the context of a
collaboration.
Sequence Diagrams are time focus and they show the order of the interaction visually
by using the vertical axis of the diagram to represent time what messages are sent and

25
when. The below sequence diagram represents the flow of the “Godawari News
Portal” web application.

Figure 4.4 Sequence Diagram of the System

4.5.2.6 Testing
Software Testing is evaluation of the software against requirements gathered from
users and system specifications. Testing is conducted at the phase level in software
development life cycle or at module level in program code. Software testing
comprises of Validation and Verification.

26
Project Name: Content Management System

Test Case ID: TC_001 Test Designed by: Ananta Rai

Test Priority(Low/Medium/High): Medium Test Designed date: 2022-03-24

Module Name: Add Post Test Executed by: Ananta Rai

Description: Add Post – Postitive Test Case Test Execution date: 2022-03-25

Pre-conditions: User login with valid username and password.

Test Steps Test Input Data Expected Actual Result Remarks

Result

1. Navigate to Post form Post form is Pass

Post and click should be displayed as
“Add New displayed. expected.
Post” button

2. Enter post contents title = “title test”, Entered As expected Pass

datas should
excerpt = “excerpt
be displayed
test”,
in the
description =
respective
“description test”
form fields

3. Click on “Save Post should As Expected Pass

Post” button be saved
successfully
with success
message

Table 4.5 Test Case (Add Post)

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4.6 Implementation
Implementation is the stage of the project when the theoretical design is turned out
into a working system. Thus, it can be considered to be the most critical stage in
achieving a successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that the new
system will work and be effective. The implementation stage involves careful
planning, investigation of the existing system and its constraints on implementation,
designing of methods to achieve changeover and evaluation of changeover methods.

4.6.1 Tools Used

The front end was designed using HTML, CSS and Ajax. PHP was used as the
programming language for the implementation of this system. MySQL was used to
store and retrieve necessary data.
1. HTML and CSS
HTML and CSS is used for developing the interface of our system. HTML is used for
web layout of the system where as CSS is used for styling & designing.
2. Chart JS
Chart.js is a community maintained open-source library (it's available on GitHub) that
helps you easily visualize data using JavaScript. It's similar to Chartist and Google
Charts. It supports 8 different chart types (including bars, lines, & pies), and they're
all responsive.
3. PHP
PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from
C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of
the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages
quickly.
4. XAMPP
XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package
developed by Apache Friends, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server,
MariaDB database and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl
programming languages.
5. Visual Studio Code

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Visual Studio Code is a freeware source-code editor made by Microsoft for Windows,
Linux and macOS. Features include support for debugging, syntax highlighting,
intelligent code completion, snippets, code refactoring, and embedded Git.
6. GIT
GIT is a version control system for tracking changes in computer files and
coordinating work on those files among multiple peoples. It is primary used for
source code management in software development but it can be used to keep track
of changes in any set of files, As a distributed revision control system, it is aimed
at speed data integrity and support for distributed, non-linear workflow.
7. Draw.io
Draw.io is free online diagram software for making flowcharts, process diagrams, org
charts, UML, ER and network diagrams. This online software is used to draw System
Architecture, Use case diagram, ER diagram, Class diagram, Sequence diagram, and
activity diagram of this software.
8. JavaScript
JavaScript is a client-side scripting language, which means the source code is
processed by the client’s web browser rather than on the web server. This means
JavaScript functions can run after webpage has loaded without communicating with
the server.

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 CHAPTER V - CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion
In the three months of internship program, I have gained knowledge regarding
building web applications using Laravel. It has helped me in understanding all the
processes that needs to followed while building web application with Laravel. I have
also learned about securing, testing and deploying Laravel application. This internship
program proved to be a golden opportunity for intern, it helped to boost the skills of
intern and experience to work in organization. It was a magnificent experience to
work with highly professional and talented group of employees in real world projects.
This internship has helped author to develop self-learning practices, know about the
skills to succeed in market.

The software development methodology is a framework that is used to structure, plan,

and control the process development of an information system. The organization is
not practicing any specific standard software development methodology. Agile
methodology can be practiced in the organization. Agile processes emphasize reacting
to change instead of following a predetermined plan, communication between team
members, etc. Agile development methodology reduces risks such as errors, cost
overruns, and changing requirements.

5.2 Lesson Learnt

With the completion of the internship, working as an intern at SoftNEP has been a
great experience to learn about a professional environment. During this three-month
course of time, I got chance to work in real working environment and extend my
knowledge regarding real world projects.
The internship has helped me give a vivid view of the actual visualization of the
organization than what I used to think previously. It is surely the idea, concept,
innovation of staffs that leads the organization to the success. Some of the tools and
technologies learnt are PHP as the programming language used in Laravel, JS,
jQuery, CSS, HTML. Following are the things that author learnt during internship:

30
 The importance of time and punctuality
 Learned to work under extreme pressure and time constraint, which helped
building self-confidence
 To cope with the real world and practical environment.
 To keep the contingency plans as a backup since they may be useful in future.
 To follow the organization culture and the discipline that must be maintained
once you are in the organization.
 Maintain system code for real-time operation and support.
 Got the chance to implement a lot of things that were learnt during BIM
courses in the practical world
 Having good communication skill is always good while presenting and dealing
with the clients
 Got familiar with programming in different frameworks and technologies

31
 REFERENCES
All You Need to Know About UML Diagrams: Types and 5+ Examples. Tallyfy.
(2022). Retrieved 9 June 2022, from https://tallyfy.com/uml-diagram/.

History of Computers and Information Technologies (IT) in Nepal • TechSansar.com.

TechSansar.com. (2022). Retrieved 9 June 2022, from
https://techsansar.com/computer-history-nepal/.

Singla, L. (2022). Why Laravel Framework is the Best Choice for PHP Web
Development. Insights - Web and Mobile Development Services and Solutions.
Retrieved 6 June 2022, from https://www.netsolutions.com/insights/laravel-
framework-benefits/.

Types of Web Application that can be built with Laravel. Mindpooltech. (2022).
Retrieved 6 June 2022, from https://mindpooltech.com/types-of-web-application-that-
can-be-built-with-laravel/#:~:text=Laravel%20is%20the%20first%20choice,robust
%20features%2C%20and%20high%20security

Web Application Development Lifecycle for Small Medium-Sized Enterprises

(SMEs) (Short Paper) | Proceedings of the 2008 The Eighth International Conference
on Quality Software. Guide Proceedings. (2022). Retrieved 7 June 2022, from
https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/QSIC.2008.43.

Web-application development using the Model/View/Controller design pattern.

Ieeexplore.ieee.org. (2022). Retrieved 7 June 2022, from
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/950428/.

What is an Internship?. Allaboutcareers.com. (2022). Retrieved 7 June 2022, from

https://www.allaboutcareers.com/internships/what-is-an-internship/

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APPENDICES