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Lab No. 02 - Advanced Lexical Analyzer: Lab Manual CSI 412 - Compiler Sessional

The document provides details about creating regular expressions to match patterns in text. It includes examples of regular expressions to match decimal numbers, float/double numbers within ranges, IP addresses, strings starting/ending with vowels, and strings containing numbers. The complete code combines the regular expressions into a lexical analyzer that prints the matching pattern for each token. Students are assigned tasks to create regular expressions for additional patterns like double numbers in a range, strings starting/ending with vowels, class B IP addresses, alphanumeric strings starting/ending with digits, person names, and student IDs.

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26 views

Lab No. 02 - Advanced Lexical Analyzer: Lab Manual CSI 412 - Compiler Sessional

The document provides details about creating regular expressions to match patterns in text. It includes examples of regular expressions to match decimal numbers, float/double numbers within ranges, IP addresses, strings starting/ending with vowels, and strings containing numbers. The complete code combines the regular expressions into a lexical analyzer that prints the matching pattern for each token. Students are assigned tasks to create regular expressions for additional patterns like double numbers in a range, strings starting/ending with vowels, class B IP addresses, alphanumeric strings starting/ending with digits, person names, and student IDs.

Uploaded by

Mahfuzur Rahman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab Manual CSI 412 – Compiler Sessional

Lab No. 02 – Advanced Lexical Analyzer


Creating patterns using regular expressions:
Let’s dig deeper into building regular expressions. Here are some samples and their corresponding regex.

Sl. Pattern REGEX


1. Any decimal numbers [0-9]+
2. Any float or double numbers [0-9]+\.[0-9]+
3. Any decimal number from 72 to 7[2-9]|[8-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]|1[0-1][0-
1235 9][0-9]|12[0-2][0-9]|123[0-5]
4. Any double number from 12.02 12\.(0[2-9]|[1-9][0-9])|1[3-9]\.[0-9][0-
to 99.93 9]|[2-8][0-9]\.[0-9][0-9]|9[0-8]\.[0-9][0-
9]|99\.([0-8][0-9]|9[0-3])
5. Any class A IP address ([0-9]|[0-9][0-9]|1[0-1][0-9]|12[0-
7])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[0-
9][0-9]|[0-9])){3}
6. Any alphabet string that starts ^[AEIOU][a-zA-Z]*
with a capital letter vowel
7. Any alphabet string that ends [a-zA-Z]*[aeiou]$
with a small letter vowel
8. Any string that has a number in it [a-zA-Z0-9]*[0-9]+[a-zA-Z0-9]*

Explanation of the patterns:


Pattern 1 - Decimal numbers: As all decimal numbers are composed of the character 0-9 so a
simple pattern of repeating 0-9 for 1 or infinite times is enough to recognize any decimal numbers.
Pattern 2 - Double/Float Numbers: Double numbers vary from decimal numbers by a (.) between
the numbers. So on both sides we have the same pattern except a (.) in the middle.
Pattern 3 - Decimal number range: We need to treat the numbers as characters so we need to break
down the numbers into recognizable ranges. See that, we have divided the numbers from 72 – 79, 80
– 99, 100 – 999, 1000 – 1199, 1200 – 1229 and 1230 – 1235, and then just created REGEX for each
of the ranges and used an OR operation among them.
Pattern 4 - Double numbers range: Same principle as decimal numbered ranges except we need an
extra (.) between the numbers.
Pattern 5 - IP addresses: As we are using the class A IP address i.e., 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255, so
the 4th Quadrant has the pattern 0-127, and the rest of the three quadrants have the same pattern of 0-
255. So, we repeated the pattern for 3 quadrants using the {value} operator.
Pattern 6 - Vowel letter starting: To match at the start of a string we used a (^) sign. The rest are
only for all possible alphabets.
Pattern 7 - Vowel letter ending: Same principle as above except for matching at the end of the
string we used a ($) operator.
Pattern 8 - Number within a string: As the number can be either at the front or middle or end of a
string we enclosed it with possible pattern of a string and repeated the string patterns for 0 or infinite
times.
Lab Manual CSI 412 – Compiler Sessional

Complete Code:
Now, let’s combine the given patterns into a complete program.

1 %{
2 //For today we do not need any variables
3 %}
4 %%
5 [0-9]+ {printf("%s - Found a decimal number.\n",yytext);}
6 [0-9]+\.[0-9]+ {printf("%s - Found a double number.\n",yytext);}
7 123[0-5]|12[0-2][0-9]|1[0-1][0-9][0-9]|[1-9][0-9][0-9]|[8-9][0-9]|7[2-9]
{printf("%s - Found a decimal number within 72 - 1235.\n",yytext);}
8 12\.(0[2-9]|[1-9][0-9])|1[3-9]\.[0-9][0-9]|[2-8][0-9]\.[0-9][0-
9]|9[0-8]\.[0-9][0-9]|99\.([0-8][0-9]|9[0-3]) {printf("%s - Found a
double number within 12.02 - 99.93.\n",yytext);}
9 ([0-9]|[0-9][0-9]|1[0-1][0-9]|12[0-7])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-
9][0-9]|[0-9][0-9]|[0-9])){3} {printf("%s - Found a class A IP
address.\n",yytext);}
10 ^[AEIOU][a-zA-Z]* {printf("%s - Found an alphabet string that
starts with a capital letter vowel.\n",yytext);}
11 [a-zA-Z]*[aeiou]$ {printf("%s - Found an alphabet string that ends
with a small letter vowel.\n",yytext);}
12 [a-zA-Z0-9]*[0-9]+[a-zA-Z0-9]* {printf("%s - Found a string that has
a number in it.\n",yytext);}
13 %%
14 int main(){
15 FILE *file;
16 file = fopen("code.c", "r") ;
17 if (!file) {
18 printf("couldnot open file");
19 exit (1);
20 }
21 else {
22 yyin = file;
23 }
24 yylex();
25 }
Now write some possible tokens in a file called “code.c” and run the program to check which lexemes are
accepted.

Tasks for LAB 02:


1. Create regular expressions for accepting the following strings:
a. Any double numbers of the range 23.343 - 99.999
b. Any string that starts and ends with a vowel, e.g., apostle, oscillate etc.
c. Any class B IP address.
d. Any alphanumeric strings that either starts with or ends with a digit.
e. Any possible name of a person (think of syntaxes followed in naming of a person)
f. Valid student IDs from batches 61 – 70 of CSE department.

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