Alpine Linux

Distribution légère pouvant tourner en mémoire.

Installation d'Alpine Linux

Post configuration

MariaDB
Installation d'Alpine Linux
Récupérer l'ISO sur le site d'Alpine : 

https://www.alpinelinux.org/downloads/

Je prends par habitude la version standard

Installation
localhost:~# setup-

setup-acf setup-bootable setup-hostname setup-mta setup-timezone

setup-alpine setup-disk setup-interfaces setup-ntp setup-xen-dom0

setup-apkcache setup-dns setup-keymap setup-proxy setup-xorg-base

setup-apkrepos setup-gparted-desktop setup-lbu setup-sshd

L’installation ce fait via la commande setup-alpine

localhost:~# setup-alpine

Choix du clavier

Available keyboard layouts:

af at be by cn dz fi ge hu in it kr lk md mm nl pl ru sy tr uz

al az bg ca cz ee fo gh id iq jp kz lt me mt no pt se th tw vn

am ba br ch de epo fr gr ie ir ke la lv mk my ph ro si tj ua

ara bd brai cm dk es gb hr il is kg latam ma ml ng pk rs sk tm us

Select keyboard layout [none]: fr

Available variants: fr-afnor fr-azerty fr-bepo fr-bepo_afnor fr-bepo_latin9 fr-bre fr-dvorak fr-geo fr-latin9 fr-

latin9_nodeadkeys fr-latin9_sundeadkeys fr-mac fr-nodeadkeys fr-oci fr-oss fr-oss_latin9 fr-oss_nodeadkeys fr-

oss_sundeadkeys fr-sundeadkeys fr-us fr

Select variant []: fr-azerty

* WARNING: you are stopping a boot service

* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]

* Setting keymap ... [ ok ]

Configuration du hostname
 Enter system hostname (short form, e.g. 'foo') [localhost]: alpine

Configuration du réseaux
Comme je suis une grosse feignasse, je laisse en dhcp

Available interfaces are: eth0.

Enter '?' for help on bridges, bonding and vlans.

Which one do you want to initialize? (or '?' or 'done') [eth0] eth0

Ip address for eth0? (or 'dhcp', 'none', '?') dhcp

Mot de passe root

Changing password for root

New password:

Retype password:

passwd: password for root changed by root

Fuseau horaire

Which timezone are you in? ('?' for list) [UTC] Europe/Paris

Choix du client NTP

Je laisse celui par défaut : chrony

HTTP/FTP proxy URL? (e.g. 'http://proxy:8080', or 'none') [none]

Which NTP client to run? ('busybox', 'openntpd', 'chrony' or 'none') [chrony]

* service chronyd added to runlevel default

* Caching service dependencies ... [ ok ]

* Starting chronyd ... [ ok ]

Choix du miroir d’installation

Available mirrors:

1) dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org

2) uk.alpinelinux.org

3) dl-2.alpinelinux.org

4) dl-4.alpinelinux.org

5) dl-5.alpinelinux.org

6) dl-8.alpinelinux.org
7) mirror.yandex.ru

8) mirrors.gigenet.com

9) mirror1.hs-esslingen.de

10) mirror.leaseweb.com

11) mirror.fit.cvut.cz

12) alpine.mirror.far.fi

13) alpine.mirror.wearetriple.com

14) mirror.clarkson.edu

15) linorg.usp.br

16) ftp.yzu.edu.tw

17) mirror.aarnet.edu.au

18) speglar.siminn.is

19) mirrors.dotsrc.org

20) ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de

21) mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

22) mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

23) mirrors.xjtu.edu.cn

24) mirrors.nju.edu.cn

25) mirror.lzu.edu.cn

26) ftp.acc.umu.se

27) mirror.xtom.com.hk

28) mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca

29) alpinelinux.mirror.iweb.com

30) mirror.neostrada.nl

31) pkg.adfinis-sygroup.ch

32) mirror.ps.kz

33) mirror.rise.ph

34) mirror.operationtulip.com

35) mirrors.ircam.fr

36) alpine.42.fr

37) mirror.math.princeton.edu

38) mirrors.sjtug.sjtu.edu.cn

39) alpine.mirror.didstopia.com

40) ftp.icm.edu.pl

41) mirror.ungleich.ch

42) alpine.mirror.vexxhost.ca

43) sjc.edge.kernel.org

44) ewr.edge.kernel.org

45) ams.edge.kernel.org

46) download.nus.edu.sg
 47) alpine.yourlabs.org

48) mirror.pit.teraswitch.com

49) mirror.reenigne.net

r) Add random from the above list

f) Detect and add fastest mirror from above list

e) Edit /etc/apk/repositories with text editor

Enter mirror number (1-49) or URL to add (or r/f/e/done) [1]: f

Je choisi le mirroir le plus rapide via la commande : f

Enter mirror number (1-49) or URL to add (or r/f/e/done) [1]: f

Finding fastest mirror...

0.11 http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.05 http://uk.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.19 http://dl-2.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.06 http://dl-4.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.05 http://dl-5.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.1 http://dl-8.alpinelinux.org/alpine/

0.1 http://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/alpine/

0.23 http://mirrors.gigenet.com/alpinelinux/

0.06 http://mirror1.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/alpine/

0.07 http://mirror.leaseweb.com/alpine/

0.08 http://mirror.fit.cvut.cz/alpine/

0.11 http://alpine.mirror.far.fi/

0.31 http://alpine.mirror.wearetriple.com/

wget: server returned error: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found

0.48 http://linorg.usp.br/AlpineLinux/

0.91 http://ftp.yzu.edu.tw/Linux/alpine/

0.63 http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/alpine

0.13 http://speglar.siminn.is/alpine/

0.11 http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/alpine/

0.08 http://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/alpine/

0.59 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/

0.42 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/alpine/

wget: download timed out

0.65 http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/alpine/

0.64 http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/alpine/

0.13 http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/alpinelinux.org/
 0.41 http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/alpine/

0.32 http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/alpine/

0.2 http://alpinelinux.mirror.iweb.com/

0.06 http://mirror.neostrada.nl/alpine/

0.05 http://pkg.adfinis-sygroup.ch/alpine/

0.24 http://mirror.ps.kz/alpine/

0.46 http://mirror.rise.ph/alpine-linux/

0.11 http://mirror.operationtulip.com/alpine/

0.03 http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/

0.04 http://alpine.42.fr/

0.19 http://mirror.math.princeton.edu/pub/alpinelinux/

wget: download timed out

0.06 http://alpine.mirror.didstopia.com/

0.13 http://ftp.icm.edu.pl/pub/Linux/distributions/alpine/

0.46 http://mirror.ungleich.ch/mirror/packages/alpine/

0.19 http://alpine.mirror.vexxhost.ca/

0.31 http://sjc.edge.kernel.org/alpine/

0.18 http://ewr.edge.kernel.org/alpine/

0.06 http://ams.edge.kernel.org/alpine/

0.4 http://download.nus.edu.sg/mirror/alpine/

0.27 http://alpine.yourlabs.org

0.22 http://mirror.pit.teraswitch.com/alpine

0.21 http://mirror.reenigne.net/alpine/

Added mirror mirrors.ircam.fr

Updating repository indexes... done.

Choix du serveur SSH

Je laisse par défaut avec OpenSSH

Which SSH server? ('openssh', 'dropbear' or 'none') [openssh]

Choix du disque d’installation

Available disks are:

sda (21.5 GB VMware, VMware Virtual S)

Which disk(s) would you like to use? (or '?' for help or 'none') [none] sda

The following disk is selected:

sda (21.5 GB VMware, VMware Virtual S)

Type d’installation pour Alpine Linux

La on ce trouve avec un choix important en fonction de l'usage que l'on veut en faire.

sys : mode d’installation traditionnel sur disk avec  /boot, / (filesystem root) et swap.
data : seul seront les données stokées sur le disque, l'OS n'est pas installé car celui ci est
lancé en mémoire.
lvm : partition en lvm
lvmsys : installation sys sur un volume en lvm
lvmdata : installation data sur un volume en lvm

How would you like to use it? ('sys', 'data', 'lvm' or '?' for help) [?] ?

You can select between 'sys', 'data', 'lvm', 'lvmsys' or 'lvmdata'.

sys:

This mode is a traditional disk install. The following partitions will be

created on the disk: /boot, / (filesystem root) and swap.

This mode may be used for development boxes, desktops, virtual servers, etc.

data:

This mode uses your disk(s) for data storage, not for the operating system.

The system itself will run from tmpfs (RAM).

Use this mode if you only want to use the disk(s) for a mailspool, databases,

logs, etc.

lvm:

Enable logical volume manager and ask again for 'sys' or 'data'.

lvmsys:

Same as 'sys' but use logical volume manager for partitioning.

lvmdata:

Same as 'data' but use logical volume manager for partitioning.

The following disk is selected:

sda (21.5 GB VMware, VMware Virtual S)

How would you like to use it? ('sys', 'data', 'lvm' or '?' for help) [?] sys

WARNING: The following disk(s) will be erased:

sda (21.5 GB VMware, VMware Virtual S)

WARNING: Erase the above disk(s) and continue? [y/N]: y

 Creating file systems...

Installing system on /dev/sda3:

/mnt/boot is device /dev/sda1

100% #########################==> initramfs: creating /boot/initramfs-lts

/boot is device /dev/sda1

Fin de l’installation
L’installation est terminer, on reboot pour démarrer sur l'OS fraîchement installé.
Comme vous avez pu le constater, l'Alpine Linux est très léger au vu du temps d’installation.

Installation is complete. Please reboot.

Pour aller plus loin

Dans le cadre d'une installation automatisée, il est possible de créer un fichier de réponses pour ne
pas avoir besoin d'interagir (et accessoirement aller boire un café :-) ) avec le programme
d'installation.

Celui-ci peut-être créé à la main ou (plus simple) en ajoutant l'option '-c

<le_nom_de_mon_fichier_de_reponses_a_creer>' à la commande setup-alpine.

setup-alpine -c answers

Le programme va effectuer toutes les étapes vues plus haut sans pour autant installer le système.
Il en résultera un fichier answers avec tout les paramètres indiqués.

L'installation automatisée se fait via '-f

<le_nom_de_mon_fichier_de_reponses_precedemment_cree>', dans ce cas précis cela donne
simplement:

setup-alpine -f answers

source : https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Alpine_setup_scripts#setup-alpine
Post configuration
Modification du fichier repository
Le gestionnaire de paquet est apk et sa configuration s'effectue dans le fichier :
etc/apk/repositories

#/media/cdrom/apks

http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/main

#http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/community

#http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/edge/main

#http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/edge/community

#http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/edge/testing

Décommettez la ligne : http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/community

La version edge est la version en cours de développement.

Mise a jour de la liste des paquets

alpine:~# apk update

fetch http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

fetch http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

v3.12.0-45-g0e4d4e3558 [http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/main]

v3.12.0-47-gda1c1b9ae4 [http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/community]

OK: 12727 distinct packages available

Les paquets utiles

Certaines commande ne sont pas installées comme par exemple useradd ou usermod ou setfacl.

Commandes Paquet à installer Repository

usermod & useradd apk add shadow community

setfacl apk add acl main

     
VMware tools
Comme sur les autres distribution linux cela ce fait via le paquet : open-vm-tools. Mais il y a une
subtilité chez Alpine, il faut démarrer le service manuellement et l'inscrire pour le démarrage.

Installation
alpine:~# apk add --update open-vm-tools

fetch http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

fetch http://mirrors.ircam.fr/pub/alpine/v3.12/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

(1/10) Installing libgcc (9.3.0-r2)

(2/10) Installing libffi (3.3-r2)

(3/10) Installing libintl (0.20.2-r0)

(4/10) Installing libmount (2.35.2-r0)

(5/10) Installing pcre (8.44-r0)

(6/10) Installing glib (2.64.3-r0)

(7/10) Installing libtirpc-conf (1.2.6-r0)

(8/10) Installing libtirpc-nokrb (1.2.6-r0)

(9/10) Installing open-vm-tools (11.1.0-r3)

Executing open-vm-tools-11.1.0-r3.pre-install

(10/10) Installing open-vm-tools-openrc (11.1.0-r3)

Executing busybox-1.31.1-r16.trigger

OK: 830 MiB in 154 packages

Lancement du service
alpine:~# rc-service open-vm-tools start

* Starting open-vm-tools ... [ ok ]

Démarrage automatique au boot

alpine:~# rc-update add open-vm-tools

* service open-vm-tools added to runlevel default

 
MariaDB
Installation
apk add mariadb mariadb-common mariadb-client

Initialisation
Il faut lancer la commande pour initialiser le service et créer la base SQL de départ.

alpine:~# rc-service mariadb setup

* Creating a new MySQL database ...

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/var/lib/mysql' ...

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

Two all-privilege accounts were created.

One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to

be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql

The second is mysql@localhost, it has no password either, but

you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.

After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be

able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudo

See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the

MySQL manual for more instructions.

You can start the MariaDB daemon with:

cd '/usr' ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/var/lib/mysql'

You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd '/usr/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

 Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira

The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.

You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:

http://dev.mysql.com

Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:

https://mariadb.org/get-involved/

[ ok ]

Inscription du service au boot

alpine:~# rc-update add mariadb default

* service mariadb added to runlevel default

Lancement du service
alpine:~# rc-service mariadb start

* Starting mariadb ...

200606 17:17:43 mysqld_safe Logging to syslog.

200606 17:17:43 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from

/var/lib/mysql [ ok ]

Configuration
Il y a une petite subtilité, c'est mariadb-secure-installation même si mysql_secure_instalation
est toujours présent.

alpine:~# mariadb-secure-installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current

password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and

haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody

can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y

Enabled successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] y

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for

them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.

 Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

- Dropping test database...

... Success!

- Removing privileges on test database...

... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB

installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!