Portfolio

Computer science
HSSC II
ATTA UL BAQI MANSOOR
CP2
3367

1
Practical no1: Write a program for each if, if-else and
else-if.
1. If (statement)
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Output:

2
2. If-else (statement)
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is non-positive." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

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Output:

4
 3. Else-if(statement)
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int number;

cout << "Enter a number: ";

cin >> number;

if (number > 0) {
cout << "The number is positive." << endl;
} else if (number < 0) {
cout << "The number is negative." << endl;
} else {
cout << "The number is zero." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Output:

5
Practical no2: Write a program using nested if
statement.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age;
char gender;

cout << "Enter your age: ";

cin >> age;

if (age >= 18) {

cout << "Are you male or female? (m/f): ";
cin >> gender;

if (gender == 'm') {
cout << "You are an adult male." << endl;
} else if (gender == 'f') {
cout << "You are an adult female." << endl;
} else {
cout << "Invalid gender entry." << endl;
}
} else {
cout << "You are a minor." << endl;
}
return 0;

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}

Output:

Practical no3: Write a program using switch

statement.
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
char grade;

cout << "Enter your grade (A, B, C, D, or F): ";

cin >> grade;
7
 switch (grade) {
case 'A':
cout << "Excellent! You got an A." << endl;
break;
case 'B':
cout << "Good job! You got a B." << endl;
break;
case 'C':
cout << "Not bad. You got a C." << endl;
break;
case 'D':
cout << "You passed, but aim higher. You got a D." << endl;
break;
case 'F':
cout << "Oops! You failed. You got an F." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid grade entered." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

Output:

8
Practical no4: Write a C++ program that uses for loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a for loop:" << endl;

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) {

cout << i << endl;
}

9
 return 0;
}

Output:

Practical no5: Write a C++ program that uses while

loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a while loop:" << endl;

int i = 1; // initialization

while (i <= 5) { // condition

cout << i << endl;

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 ++i; // increment
}

return 0;
}

Output:

Practical no6: Write a C++ program that uses do while

loop.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Counting from 1 to 5 using a do-while loop:" << endl;

int i = 1; // initialization

do {
cout << i << endl;

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 ++i; // increment
} while (i <= 5); // condition

return 0;

Output:

Practical no7: Write a C++ program which stores

numeric values in a one dimensional array using for
loop and finds the highest, lowest and average values.

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Output:

13
14
Practical no8: Write a C++ program for adding/
subtracting/ multiplying two integer matrices of the
order up to 4x4.
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main()
 {
 int a[10][10], b[10][10], mult[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;

 cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";
 cin >> r1 >> c1;
 cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
 cin >> r2 >> c2;


 while (c1!=r2)
 {
 cout << "Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.";

 cout << "Enter rows and columns for first matrix: ";

 cin >> r1 >> c1;

 cout << "Enter rows and columns for second matrix: ";
 cin >> r2 >> c2;
 }


 cout << endl << "Enter elements of matrix 1:" << endl;
 for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
 for(j = 0; j < c1; ++j)
 {
 cout << "Enter element a" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
 cin >> a[i][j];
 }



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 cout << endl << "Enter elements of matrix 2:" << endl;
 for(i = 0; i < r2; ++i)
 for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
 {
 cout << "Enter element b" << i + 1 << j + 1 << " : ";
 cin >> b[i][j];
 }


 for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
 for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
 {
 mult[i][j]=0;
 }


 for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
 for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
 for(k = 0; k < c1; ++k)
 {
 mult[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
 }


 cout << endl << "Output Matrix: " << endl;
 for(i = 0; i < r1; ++i)
 for(j = 0; j < c2; ++j)
 {
 cout << " " << mult[i][j];
 if(j == c2-1)
 cout << endl;
 }

 return 0;
 }

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 OUTPUT

17
Practical no9: Write C++ program to perform various
operations on string using string fucntions , i.e. strcpy,
strcat, strlen and strcmp.

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Output :

19
Practical no10: Write a program involving user
defined function to perform basic arithmetic
operations, i.e. add, subtract, multiply and divide.

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21
Output :

22
Practical no11: Write a program involving user
defined function to calculate area of circle, triangle
and parallelogram

23
24
25
Output (circle):

Output (triangle):
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Output (parallelogram):

27
28
Practical no12: Write a program involving use of user
defined function to calculate volume of cylinder,
sphere and cube.
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 // Function to calculate the volume of a cylinder

 double cylinderVolume(double radius, double height) {
 const double pi = 3.14159;
 return pi * radius * radius * height;
 }

 // Function to calculate the volume of a sphere

 double sphereVolume(double radius) {
 const double pi = 3.14159;
 return (4.0 / 3.0) * pi * radius * radius * radius;
 }

 // Function to calculate the volume of a cube

 double cubeVolume(double side) {
 return side * side * side;
 }

 int main() {
 double radius, height, side;

 cout << "Enter the radius and height of the cylinder: ";
 cin >> radius >> height;

 cout << "Volume of the cylinder: " << cylinderVolume(radius, height) << endl;

 cout << "Enter the radius of the sphere: ";

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 cin >> radius;

 cout << "Volume of the sphere: " << sphereVolume(radius) << endl;

 cout << "Enter the side of the cube: ";

 cin >> side;

 cout << "Volume of the cube: " << cubeVolume(side) << endl;

 return 0; }

 OUTPUT

30
Practical # 13: Write a program involving user defined
function to calculate factorial of a given number.
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 // Function to calculate the factorial of a number

 unsigned long long factorial(int num) {
 if (num == 0 || num == 1) {
 return 1; // Factorial of 0 and 1 is 1
 } else {
 unsigned long long fact = 1;
 for (int i = 2; i <= num; i++) {
o fact *= i;
 }
 return fact;
 }
 }

 int main() {
 int number;

 cout << "Enter a number to find its factorial: ";

 cin >> number;

 if (number < 0) {
 cout << "Factorial is not defined for negative numbers." << endl;
 } else {
 unsigned long long result = factorial(number);
 cout << "Factorial of " << number << " is: " << result << endl;
 }

 return 0; }
 OUTPUT
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32
PRACTICAL #14 Write a program involving user
defined function to calculate average of numbers.
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 // Function to calculate the average of numbers
 double calculateAverage(int arr[], int size) {
 if (size == 0) {
 return 0; // Avoid division by zero
 }

 int sum = 0;
 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 sum += arr[i];
 }

 return static_cast<double>(sum) / size;
 }

 int main() {
 int numCount;

 cout << "Enter the number of elements: ";
 cin >> numCount;

 if (numCount <= 0) {
 cout << "Please enter a valid count of numbers." << endl;
 return 1;
 }

 int numbers[numCount];

 cout << "Enter the numbers: ";
 for (int i = 0; i < numCount; i++) {
 cin >> numbers[i];
 }

 double average = calculateAverage(numbers, numCount);
 cout << "Average of the numbers is: " << average << endl;
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 
 return 0;
 }

PRACTICAL # 15 Write a simple program using & to

return memory address of a variable and storing it in
a pointer variable.
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 Input:
#include <iostream>
#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {

// Declare Variables
int a;
int *pt;

a = 10;
pt = &a;

cout << "\n[a ]:Value of A = " << a;

cout << "\n[*pt]:Value of A = " << *pt;
cout << "\n[&a ]:Address of A = " << &a;
cout << "\n[pt ]:Address of A = " << pt;
cout << "\n[&pt]:Address of pt = " << &pt;
cout << "\n[pt ]:Value of pt = " << pt;

getch();
return 0;
}
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 OUTPUT:

PRACTICAL#16 Write a C++ program that uses

pointer variable.
 INPUT:
36
 #include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

// declare variables
int var1 = 3;
int var2 = 24;
int var3 = 17;

// print address of var1

cout<<"Address of var1: "<< &var1<< endl;

// print address of var2

cout<<"Address of var2: "<< &var2<< endl;

// print address of var3

cout<<"Address of var3: "<< &var3<< endl;
getch();
}

 Output:

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