SELALE UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF NATURAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

INTERNSHIP ATTACHMENT REPORT ON

COMPUTER NETWORKING AND INSTALLATION AT SALALE UNIVERSTY

Internship Advisor: -MR KASAYE.A

PREPARED BY ID NUMBER

1, BOKI SEYOUM………………………………...………………………RU2667/13

2, DESALEGN MARIE……………………………………………………RU0989/13

3, HAILGEBRALE KEFLE………………………………………………RU1248/13

4, SELEHADIN HASSEN…………………………………………………RU0154/13

5, TESFAYE DERESSE………...…………………………………………RU0574/13

Contact: - E-mail:[email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected] Submission date: 14/02/2016 E.C

FICHE, ETHIOPIA

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Contents
Declaration of the Internship..........................................................................................................iv
Approval..........................................................................................................................................v
Acknowledgement..........................................................................................................................vi
Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................vii
List of figures...............................................................................................................................viii
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................ix
List of Acronyms.............................................................................................................................x
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION.....................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of the organization.........................................................................................................1
1.3 Mission of the organization...............................................................................................................1
1.4 Vision of the organization..................................................................................................................2
1.5 Core values........................................................................................................................................2
1.5.1 Institutional Core Values............................................................................................................2
1.5.2 Individual Values........................................................................................................................2
1.6 Geographical Location of Salale University......................................................................................2
1.7 Our Basic Computing Area................................................................................................................2
1.8 Organizational structure and work flow of the organization/SLU......................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................4
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE.....................................................................................4
2.1 What is the overall evaluation of the internship experience?.............................................................4
2.2 Our internship working section..........................................................................................................4
2.3 Overall Internship Experience...........................................................................................................4
2.3.1 First day......................................................................................................................................4
2.3.2 Second up to four day.................................................................................................................5
2.3.3 Fifth up to seven day...................................................................................................................6
2.3.4 Eight up to ten day......................................................................................................................8
2.3.5 Eleven up to twelve days..........................................................................................................11
2.3.6 Thirteen up to fourteen day.......................................................................................................11

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2.3.6 The last day of internship..........................................................................................................17

2.4 Tools we used..................................................................................................................................17
2.5 Challenges we facing while performing during internship...............................................................24
2.6 permanent solutions we have been using to overcome the challenge...............................................24
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................25
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.............................................................................................25
3. Short Summery of project..........................................................................................................25
3.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................25
3.3 Objective of our field practice.........................................................................................................26
3.3.1 General objective......................................................................................................................26
3.3.2 Specific objective......................................................................................................................26
3.4 Literature review..............................................................................................................................26
3.5. Methodology...................................................................................................................................26
3.5.1. Data gathering methodology....................................................................................................26
3.5.2. Development tools...................................................................................................................27
3.6. Results & Conclusions....................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................29
BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP..................................................................................29
4.1 Practical skill knowledge..................................................................................................................29
4.2 Theoretical Knowledge....................................................................................................................29
4.3 Interpersonal communication skill..................................................................................................29
4.4 Team playing skill.............................................................................................................................30
4.5 Leadership skills...............................................................................................................................30
4.6 Professional ethics...........................................................................................................................30
CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................31
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................................................................31
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................31
5.2 Recommendation about Organization..............................................................................................32
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................33

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Declaration of the Internship

We declare that this report is our original work and all sources and material used for the purpose
have been properly acknowledged. And we would like to assure with our signature.

Submitted by: -

NAME ID NUMBER

1, BOKI SEYOUM………………………………...………………………RU2667/13

2, DESALEGN MARIE……………………………………………………RU0989/13

3, HAILGEBRALE KEFLE………………………………………………RU1248/13

4, SELEHADIN HASSEN…………………………………………………RU0154/13

5, TESFAYE DERESSE………...…………………………………………RU0574/13

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Approval
The undersigned certify that the above candidates have fulfilled the condition of the industrial
practice report in full fulfillment for summer practical attachment in Computer science
department. Approved by

ORGANIZATIONAL SUPERVISOR

NAME _____________________________

DATE _______________________ SIGNATURE ____________________________

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR

NAME: - MR KASAYE.A

DATE:-25/10/2023

SIGNATURE:-

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Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we would like to thank the Almighty God for making our internship period
an amazing and interesting time and for helping our complete our tasks.

Next we would like to thank our helpful internship supervisor Mr.Yohannes Y. ICT directorate
of Salale University for his supervision and support in the progression and smoothness of the
internship program.

Our gratitude goes to the entire Computer Science department of Salale University, especially to
Mr. Tadesse Beyene our Department head for giving us this amazing opportunity to work on the
internship, and Mr. Kassaye Assres our Academic Supervisor for guiding me on how to write our
internship report.

Last but not least of all, owe so much to our family for their undying support, their unhesitating
belief that we can achieve so much, we just want you all to know that you count so much, had it
not been for all your prayers, love and support, we would never have completed this report.

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Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to contribute our overall understanding of how internship is very
important to us. In this report we try to express the overall activities that we have done in the
internship period. Also, a challenge facing us during performing our work and the solution taken
are includes. In addition to that the work task we have been executed and the procedure we have
been using and while performing our work gain knowledge in terms of practical and theoretical
skills and also the report contain apparent ship is important to increasing interpersonal
communication skill leadership skill entrepreneurship skill etc.… we see in practical attachment
by maintaining which to maintaining by hardware. This practical attachment consists of the
introduction, activity during internship, conclusions and recommendation.
The report contains five main chapters. The first chapter includes the background of the
organization and objectives of the organization. The second chapter deals with the overall
internship experience, challenge we have faced and the solutions to overcome the challenges.
Chapter three will explain about the project I have participated, objective of the project,
methodologies use in the project and the result, Chapter Four contains the benefits gained from
the internship, both theoretical and non-theoretical experiences, Then Chapter five is about
conclusion and recommendation for the organization.

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List of figures
Figure 1 Work flow of the organization..........................................................................................3
Figure 2 Trunk.................................................................................................................................5
Figure 3Node...................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4Rack....................................................................................................................................9
Figure 5 Punching..........................................................................................................................10
Figure 6 overview of the installation of putty software.................................................................12
Figure 7 console cable...................................................................................................................12
Figure 8 Overview of putty software............................................................................................13
Figure 9 Giving host name to the switch.......................................................................................14
Figure 10 change the password of our switch...............................................................................14
Figure 11 Showing the existing vlan.............................................................................................15
Figure 12 Creating vlan.................................................................................................................15
Figure 13 Giving Ip address to the vlan.........................................................................................16
Figure 14 Showing the Ip address of vlan.....................................................................................16
Figure 15 Cable tester....................................................................................................................19
Figure 16 Rj-45.............................................................................................................................19
Figure 17 Crimper..........................................................................................................................20
Figure 18 UTP Cable.....................................................................................................................21
Figure 19 Puncher.........................................................................................................................21
Figure 20 Fisher.............................................................................................................................21
Figure 21 Cutter.............................................................................................................................22
Figure 22 Faceplate........................................................................................................................22
Figure 23 patch panel.....................................................................................................................23
Figure 24 Fiber optic cable............................................................................................................24

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List of Tables
Table 1: Straight through Cable.....................................................................................................13
Table 2: Cross over cable..............................................................................................................14

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List of Acronyms
CAT-6----------------------------------------CATEGORY 6

CLI--------------------------------------------COMMAND LINE INTERFACE

ICT------------------------------------------INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

LAN------------------------------------------LOCAL AREA NETWORK

PC---------------------------------------------PERSONAL COMPUTER

RJ45-----------------------------------------REGISTRATION JACK

SLU------------------------------------------SALALE UNIVERSITY

SSH------------------------------------------ SECURE SOCKET SHELL

UTP-----------------------------------------UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR

VLAN---------------------------------------VERTUAL LOCAL AREA NETWORK

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION

1.1 Introduction
We have performed our field practice at Salale University ICT Directorate center, these activities
carried out during 2 week (15 days), full time internship program at Salale University ICT
center. The document contains information about the organization and the activities performed
throughout the period between June 22 to July 7 2023, and during this training, we have learned
and practiced numerous knowledge and skills about basic network device configuration that is
distributing wired and wireless network. In this document, we will start our report by introducing
the objective, activity of the organization, problem of the activity and their solution we find.
After that, we will list the detailed information about what we have done and learn in this winter
practice.
For field practice explanation, we have used different figures for better explanation of what we
have done and what we got from that field practice. Next, we will summarize our report at the
conclusion part and finally we will finish our report by listing the source documents that we have
used as a reference during the practice time.

1.2 Background of the organization

Salale University (SIU) is one of the newly established public universities located in Northern
Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Based on the demand of Salale community and in
line with the direction of government, now SIU was established as full-fledged institution in
2015 as per the Proclamation article/ no.359/2008.

The university has 5 colleges. College of Health Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, College of Business and Economics, College of Natural Sciences and College of
Social Sciences and Humanities.[1]

1.3 Mission of the organization

To effectively conceive, develop, implement, utilize, and manage appropriate information
systems in order to provide integrated, coordinated and customer-focused quality ICT services to
Salale University in line with its vision, mission and objectives. To build deploy and support

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innovative, quality and sustainable network infrastructure and services that meet the changing
network needs of the University.

1.4 Vision of the organization

Salale University aspires to be one of the top ten universities in Ethiopia in terms of quality
education, problem solving research and need based community services by 2025.

1.5 Core values

1.5.1 Institutional Core Values

• Quality

•Gender Sensitivity and Responsiveness

•Collaboration

1.5.2 Individual Values

•Confidentiality

•Selflessness

•Social awareness

1.6 Geographical Location of Salale University.

Salale University is located at Fitche, 114km away from capital Addis Ababa, in north Shewa Zone of
Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia.

• official website: www.slu.edu.et

• Office Tel:01-18-73-72-56

• Fax: +251-0111 60 98 05

• P.O. Box:245[2]

1.7 Our Basic Computing Area.

 Computer networking and installation at Salale University.

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1.8 Organizational structure and work flow of the organization/SLU

Salale University has to strive to emplace management system that is democratic, honest,
inspiring, transparent, and highly participatory. The University has two core processes and five
support processes. The University’s top management includes the president, four Vice
presidents, and deans/directors for academic units and seven process owners. The major focus of
the management in terms of governance and management includes improve efficiency on major
administration areas such as budget utilization, business process (procurement, finance, registrar,
etc.) efficiency and decision-making system in a transparent manner. IT supported decision
making is one of the areas under governance and management which SLU will give special
attention to.

Figure 1 Work flow of the organization

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CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 What is the overall evaluation of the internship experience?

The overall evaluation of the experience was very good because we got different knowledge such
as how to install, configure network and also as we listed different challenge during the
internship.
In our opinion the internship was many advantages for us but in some Extent, it had difficulty as
we listed in the challenge of the internship.
We have been reading books, watching online tutorial, practicing to apply our theoretical
knowledge and consulting our associates to overcome difficulties and upgrade our self.

2.2 Our internship working section

During our stay in the organization, we have chosen networking from the various sectors offered
to us as an alternative, and the reason is Because of our eagerness to put into practice the
network technology we have seen at the theory level because it is one of the sections of the
organization that provides adequate functional training in the organization.

2.3 Overall Internship Experience

To a greater extent we have successfully accomplished the duties and responsibilities assigned.
Being in the SLU ICT center a work day of 7 days per a week for a length of half month,
different network installations’ such Trunking, punching , and also configuration of switch.

And we got different experience during the internship period. For example

2.3.1 First day

Our first day of internship in Salale university ICT center started on June 15 , We have taken an
amazing Orientation about Salale university ICT center and exchanged contact with those who
works in the university ict center. And our supervisor show the overall structure and drawing of
all buildings. The supervisor gives the working schedule for the period we stay on the intern.
And he arranged us in two groups each group contain 5 member.

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2.3.2 Second up to four day
In these days we are worked on Trunking and making node for the classroom and giving level for each
node by the help of our supervisor. The task on those days listed below

Trunking

Is an enclosure usually with a rectangular cross section, and with one removable or hinged side,
that is used to protect cables from damage and dust and water ingress. We used this device in
data communications transmission systems to provide many users with access to a network by
sharing multiple lines or frequencies and also as the name implies, the system is like a tree with
one trunk and many branches. A trunk is used for as safety of Ethernet cable in some offices and
node to the wall.

Figure 2 Trunk
Making node
A network node is a connection point in a communications network. Each node is an endpoint for data
transmissions or redistribution. Nodes have either a programmed or engineered capability to recognize,
process and forward transmissions to other network nodes.

Figure 3Node

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2.3.3 Fifth up to seven day
On those day we were performed the cable arrangement punching at the node side and our
supervisor are given some practical tutorial on how to crimp RJ45 and the cable arrangements of
both straight throw and cross over cable.

Cable Arrangement, punching and crimping

Cable Arrangement

There are two types cable arrangement. Those are straight through cable arrangement and cross
over cable arrangement.

Straight through Cable

We used this cable to connect different type of network devices where the pins order on one end
follows the 568A pinning order and the other end of the cable follows the same 568A pinning
order. This type of cable arrangement used to connect different type of electronic devices such
as:
✓ Computers with switch

✓Routers with switch

✓Switch with hub

Side A Side B

White Orange White Orange

Orange Orange
White Green White Green
Blue Blue
White Blue White Blue
Green Green
White Brown White Brown
Brown Brown

Table 1: straight through cable

Cross over cable:
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We use this cable to connect the same type of network devices where the pins order on one end
follows the 568A pinning order and the other end of the cable follows the 568B pinning order.

That means connecting two pieces of equipment that have the same pin edge on both ports such
as connecting.

 Two computers
 Two routers
 Two switches
 Two PC’s

Side A Side B

White Green White Orange

Green Orange
White Orange White Green

Blue Blue
White Blue White Blue
Orange Green
White Brown White Brown
Brown Brown

Table 2: Cross over cable

Punching

Steps to punch UTP cable

 Make sure the stripper is adjusted properly on a scrap piece of cable.

 The Stripper should be adjusted to only cut the jacket to make removing it easier and not
nick the twisted pairs.
 Straighten the pairs out completely and lay them over the top of the jack with the order of
the color pattern for wiring.

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 Keeping the pairs as twisted as possible press the wire into the correct groove with your
thumbs.
 If you completely straighten the wires to run them through the jack you will risk cross
talk between the pairs.
 Using a punch down tool, punch the wires down into the blades built into the jack.
 The blades in the jack are designed to work with solid cable, and may not work with
stranded cable.
 Make sure the blade is facing the outside of the jack.[2]

Crimping

Step to crimp UTP cable

• Cut the cable by the cutter.

• Strip cable end.

• Untwist wire ends.

• Arrange wires.

• Trim wires to size.

• Attach connector.

• Check.

• Crimp.

2.3.4 Eight up to ten day

After we paunch and crimp the rj45 in the node side we continue working on the rack side. And
our supervisor given brief description on the purpose and the tool that kept on the rack and
finally the supervisor guided us to work on more about the practical knowledge.

Rack

In networking, a rack typically refers to a piece of equipment that is used to house and organize
network hardware. A rack is a metal frame that is designed to hold multiple devices, such as
servers, switches, routers, and other network components, in a compact and organized manner.

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Racks are usually 19 inches wide and can range in height from a few inches to several feet. The
height of a rack is measured in "rack units" (U or RU), with each U being equivalent to 1.75
inches (44.45 mm) of vertical space. For example, a 42U rack is approximately 6 feet tall.

Racks are used in data centers, server rooms, and other network environments to help manage
and organize network equipment. They typically feature cable management systems to keep
cables organized and easy to trace, as well as cooling systems to prevent overheating of the
equipment.[3]

Figure 4Rack
In the rack side we did the following things:
Punching at the patch panel
In networking, a patch panel is a device that provides a central location for terminating and
organizing network cables. It consists of a panel with a number of ports on the front, each of
which is connected to a set of terminals on the back.

Patch panels are used in network installations to allow for easy management and organization of
network connections. They are typically mounted in a rack or cabinet and are used to terminate
cables from various network devices, such as switches, routers, and servers. By having all the
cables terminate at a central location, it becomes easier to manage and troubleshoot network
connections.

Patch panels are also used to facilitate changes and additions to the network. Instead of having to
re-terminate cables every time a change is made, network administrators can simply patch or
unpatched connections on the front of the patch panel. This allows for quicker and easier
modifications to the network.[4]

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Steps to punchupcable at the patch panel

Punch down patch panels is available in Ethernet cables such as Cat5e patch panel or Cat6 patch
panel. On the front plate of punch down patch panel, RJ45 ports (usually 24 ports) are used to
directly connect Ethernet copper cable. All ports are numbered for easy identification .

Punching a UTP cable into a patch panel is a common task in network installation and
maintenance. Here are the general steps to do this:

1. Strip the outer jacket of the UTP cable to expose the individual wires inside.

2. Untwist the pairs of wires and arrange them in the order required by the standard you are
using (e.g. T568A or T568B).

3. Trim the excess wire from the ends to ensure they are all the same length.

4. Insert the wires into the appropriate slots in the patch panel. The slots will typically be labeled
with the wire color codes and/or the pin numbers.

5. Use a punch-down tool to press the wires into the slots, making sure the wire is fully seated
and the insulation is cut off.

6. Repeat the process for all the wires in the cable.

It's important to ensure that the wires are punched down firmly and correctly, as loose or
improperly seated wires can cause connectivity issues. Additionally, it's crucial to follow the
appropriate wiring standard to ensure compatibility with other network equipment.

Figure 5 Punching

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After punching the patch panelthe patch panel we need mount the switch in the rack by
following the steps bellow.

1. Attach a bracket to each side of the switch using the screws provided in mounting kit.
2. Installing the Switch in the RackMount the switch in the rack with the optional rack
mount kit, usually using the rack-mounting screws. Be sure to secure the lower rack-
mounting screws first to prevent the brackets being bent by the weight of the switch.
3. Adding Other Switches into the Rack
If there is only one data switch to be installed in the rack, then you can make the
connection to a power source now. If there are multiple switches to be mounted, you need
to install another switch on the top of the first one in the rack, and then attach the power
cords.
4. Attaching the Power Cords
After you complete mounting all of the switches in the rack, it’s time to connect the switch rack to
the power source. Remember to verify that you have the correct power supply (AC-input or DC-
input and the correct wattage) for your configuration.

2.3.5 Eleven up to twelve days

Our instructor shows us the installation of fiber optic cable. This fiber optic cable is coming from the
main data center to the mini data center underground. There are two pair of fiber optic cable which is the
purpose of maintenance.

2.3.6 Thirteen up to fourteen day

Switch configuration

We used PuTTY software in order to configure switch. The lab technician gives practical tutorial
on how to configure switch.

CISCO CONFIGRATION

To configure a Cisco switch using PuTTY, you can follow these steps:

1. Download and install PuTTY from the official website: https://www.putty.org/

When the installer starts, it shows the welcome screen. Just click Next.

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Figure 6 overview of the installation of putty software

When the software starts, we should get a window with the title "PuTTY Configuration" with a
field Host Name in the upper middle part. Try entering a host name to connect to in that field,
and click Open.

2. Connect our computer to the Cisco switch using an console cable. Ensure that the Ethernet
interface on your computer is configured with a static IP address in the same subnet as the
default IP address of the switch (usually 192.168.1.0/24).

Figure 7 console cable

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3. Launch PuTTY and enter the IP address of the switch in the "Host Name" field.

4. Select the SSH protocol.

5. Click on the "Open" button to establish the SSH (Secure Shell or Secure Socket Shell)
connection.

Figure 8 Overview of putty software

6. When prompted, enter the username and password for the switch. The default username is
usually "admin" or "cisco," and the default password is often "admin" or "cisco" as well. Note
that the password characters will not be displayed as we type.

7. Once connected, we will see the switch's command-line interface (CLI) prompt.

8.We arestarted configuring the switch by entering commands.

Here are some common configuration tasks:

To give hostname we use the following command

Switch> enable

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Switch# configure terminal

Switch (config)# hostname <hostname>

Figure 9 Giving host name to the switch

We use the following command to change the password of our switch:

Switch> enable password<our password>

Figure 10 change the password of our switch

We need to show vlan by using the command:

Switch> show vlan

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Figure 11 Showing the existing vlan

Create VLANs:
Then we need to create vlan by using the command:

Switch# configure terminal

Then give the name of the vlan by using the command:

switch> enable

switch# configure terminal

switch(config)# vlan<vlannumber>

switch(config-vlan) # name <vlanname>

Figure 12 Creating vlan

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We use the following command to configure an IP address on a VLAN interface:

Switch> enable

Switch# configure terminal

switch (config)# interface vlan<vlannumber>

Switch (config-if)#ip address <ipaddress><subnet mask>

Switch (config-if)# no shutdown

Figure 13 Giving Ip address to the vlan

We are used the command in order to show the Ip address of vlan which is assigned:

Switch# show Ip interface brief

Figure 14 Showing the Ip address of vlan

-Configure switch ports

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Switch>enable

switch# configure terminal

switch(config)# interface <interface type><interface number>

Switch (config-if)# description <description>

switch(config-if)# switchport mode <access/trunk>

switch(config-if)# switchport access vlan<vlan_number>

switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan<vlanlist>

To save the configuration

Once we have finished configuring the router it’s time to save your system configuration. Saving
the configuration will make sure that your settings are the same when you open up your next
session. To save enter the following command:

Switch# copy running-config startup-config

2.3.6 The last day of internship

In the last day of our intern our supervisor gives us the overall internship in the form of
conclusion.

Some of the ideas are he gives us information about the overall structure of the datacenter. as he
said there are 2 data center will be built in Salale university which is mini data center and man
data center. The main data center is belongs to in front of female dorm room. And the mini data
center belongs behind the main library. It works by receiving internet connection from the main
data center by using fiber optic cable and this fiber optic cable is comes from the main data
center underground. There are 2 fiber optic cable belongs underground which is used for the
maintenance purpose.

2.4 Tools we used

There are a lot of materials we used and seen during summer field practice for network
expansion. These are that are: -

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➢ Switch

➢ RJ45

➢ Cable tester

➢ Cable trunk

➢ Cutter

➢ Puncture

➢ Portable

➢ Crimper

➢Patch panel
➢ Router

➢ Computer

 Drilling machine
 Fiber optic cable

Those materials are described below with their functions

1. Tester:

is an electronic material that checks cable arrangement.

We used this networking tool:

 To test whether a given Ethernet cable is working or not and

 To test whether a given Ethernet node is working or not
 To identify the arrangement of the network media

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Figure 15 Cable tester

2. RJ-45:
A registered jack (RJ) is a standardized network interface used for network cabling, wiring and
jack construction. The primary function of registered jacks is to connect different data equipment
and telecommunication devices with services normally provided by telephone exchanges or
long-distance carriers we used commonly as a connector.

Figure 16 Rj-45

There are two types RJ. Those are:

1. RJ-45: used for Ethernet connections.

2. RJ-11: Used in telephone interface that uses a cable of twisted wire pairs and a modular
jack with two, four or six contacts.

3. Crimping Tools:
We used this device for crimping an Ethernet cable after we finish possible order of the color for
straight through and crossover using RJ-45.The major function for which it is designed is to
crimp or connect a connector to the end of a network cable.

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Figure 17 Crimper
Cat-6 cable:
We used this cable for data translation between devices. The three most common types of
communication cables are twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic. Understanding the differences
between the three will shed light on how data travels through each cable, which ultimately
affects your connection and things like speed, latency, security, cost, etc. and also the differences
between UTP and STP is UTP is used to reduce crosstalk or noise while STP is shielded twisted
to reduce electromagnetic interference. to here is a general breakdown of the three different types
of cable systems and what they are capable of:
Twisted pair cables

Figure 18 UTP Cable

5. Puncher:
We used this tool to punch the UTP cable wires down into the blades built into the jack of the
node. Cat-6 cable: We use cat_6 cable for data translation between devices.

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Figure 19 Puncher
6. Fisher (expenditure pipe):
We used this device to hold screws of different size.

Figure 20 Fisher
7. Cutter:
We used to cut different materials of networking such as: cables, trunk and wires.

Figure 21 Cutter

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8. Faceplate
A Network Face Plate is a device that allows a single cable to plug into multiple ports. This type
of plate has two RJ45 and two TV ports and can be used with fiber optic and copper cable. It also

allows for longer/shorter patch cords. It comes in different sizes and has different connector types.

Figure 22 Faceplate

9. Patch panel:
A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports
used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables. A patch panel uses patch cords,
a sort of jumper cable, to create each interconnection. Patch panels are usually attached to
network racks, either above or below network switches. Patch panels can be based on the number
of ports they contain, with 48-port, 24-port and 12-port panels among the most common. Patch
panels are also designed for specific cable specifications like cat 5e, cat 6, cat 6a and cat 7
cables.

Figure 23 patch panel

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10.Fiber optic cable

Fiber Optical cable

Fiber optic cables are commonly used because of their advantages over copper cables. Some of
those benefits include higher bandwidth and transmit speeds.

Fiber optics is used for long-distance and high-performance data networking. It is also
commonly used in telecommunication services, such as internet, television and telephones. For
example, Verizon and Google use fiber optics in their Verizon FIOS and Google Fiber services,
respectively, providing Gigabit internet speeds to users.

Types of fiber optic cables

Multimode fiber and single-mode fiber are the two primary types of fiber optic cable.

Single-mode fiber
Single-mode fiber is used for longer distances due to the smaller diameter of the glass fiber core.
This smaller diameter lessens the possibility for attenuation, which is a reduction in signal
strength. The smaller opening isolates the light into a single beam, offering a more direct route
and enabling the signal to travel a longer distance.

Single-mode fiber also has a considerably higher bandwidth than multimode fiber. The light
source used for single-mode fiber is typically a laser. Single-mode fiber is usually more
expensive as it requires precise calculations to produce the laser light in a smaller opening.

Multimode fiber

Multimode fiber is used for shorter distances because the larger core opening enables light
signals to bounce and reflect more along the way. The larger diameter permits multiple light
pulses to be sent through the cable at one time, which results in more data transmission. This also
means there is more possibility for signal loss, reduction or interference, however. Multimode
fiber optics typically uses an LED to create the light pulse.

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Figure 24 Fiber optic cable

2.5 Challenges we facing while performing during internship

There are many challenges occur during internship. The challenges are
• The first and the main challenge during our internship is the time or the period we
stay the internship the university allowed only 15 day to stay on campus.
• The second challenge is financial problem.
• Another challenge during our internship is most of lab technician are busy because
of exit exam period and our internship are close. They are formatting the pc and
installing software related to exit exam.

2.6 permanent solutions we have been using to overcome the challenge

We work 7 day of the week in order to cover most things. As we know there are many problems
are there during Internship. The permanent solution is to communicate with organizational
supervisor, department and negotiate to do our project in a simple and suitable time according to
our problem.

 we were working all the seven days of the week in order to see all things in the
internship.
 We were get permission from the vice president of the university to get dorm and
cafeteria service for 15 days.
 We were communicating with the lab technician and ict directorate to solve the problems
related to the formatted computer in the lab section. And they are used their personal
computer to give us some instruction.

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CHAPTER THREE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
3. Short Summery of project
This project aimed and upgrades the existing network infrastructure of the university in order to
provide fast and efficient service for the university workers, customer and government officials
by replacing and adding some equipment. Internships are practical activities that develop our
knowledge and experiences through practices work. This the best way acquired knowledge than
theoretical part.

3.1. Introduction
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network
nodes. The computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to
communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up of telecommunication
network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-frequency methods
that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies. The nodes of a computer network can
include personal computers, servers, networking hardware, or other specialized or general-
purpose hosts. They are identified by network addresses, and may have hostnames. Hostnames
serve as memorable labels for the nodes, rarely changed after initial assignment. Network
addresses serve for locating and identifying the nodes by communication protocols such as the
Internet Protocol. And the materials that used for network installation is like Rack, switch, cable
trunk line.

3.2 Statement of the problem

Main issue in the existing network is security problem both physically and logically. Some of
those are listed below:-
 Some cables are being damaged.
 Uncover places were exist (buildings)
 Resources are not wisely used, e.g. access switch, core switch, servers,Rj45
 No power outlets for independent network devices
 Poor path selection, No resource sharing, so needs Security improvement
 Connection fluctuation due to path length limitation.

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 A network that is too complex or difficult to maintain cannot function effectively and
efficiently.
 By considering the problem listed above and using all technical knowledge’s of
networking to solve all the existing problems.

3.3 Objective of our field practice

The general and specific objectives of the apparent ship are described as follows:

3.3.1 General objective

To design and implement upgraded, scalable and valuable LAN network services and high speed
Internet connection for the university.

3.3.2 Specific objective

Specific objectives of this project are:
 To Design the scalable LAN network For the increasing number of user
 To improve the network's fault tolerance, security, and high speed connection.
 To understand and upgrade the existing local area network (LAN)
 To design a LAN network in terms of topology, type of cabling and related coast.
 To design fastest network depending on the increasing number of user and devices.
 To develop more secured network in terms of level of security needed.
 To increase the efficiency of the worker as well as the overall productivity of the
university by making resources and services available to users easily whenever needed.

3.4 Literature review

A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network
nodes and network installation is the networks that try to install as the interest of the
organization. [5]

3.5. Methodology
3.5.1. Data gathering methodology
Primary source

 Interview:-We have used this technique by directly contacting the organization

employees such as ICT head and network administrator.

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 Observation: -by using this technique we observed really what the situation and the
general interconnection of the network is look like.
 Measurement :-Counting no of nodes and users.

Secondary source

Document analysis: - We have tried to refer several documents which are related to our
document and tried to analyze them.

3.5.2. Development tools

Hardware tools required

• Personal computer (PC): almost all tasks of our project are performed on computer.

• Flash disk: required for data movement to store & transfer data from one PC to another
PC.

• Flash Disks: necessary for the movement, backup and recovery mechanism of relevant
data.

• Paper and pen: for writing all necessary documentations associated with the project.

Software tools required

• Windows 10 Operating system: will be used for the system since it is readily available in
laboratories.

• Chrome browsers: -since our system is web based, it is very necessary requirement.

• Microsoft office Word 2021: -for documenting the corresponding deliverables associated
with the project.

• putty software for switch configuration

• Cisco packet tracer

3.6. Results & Conclusions

As we have tried to state above the project consists of different services and protocols that should
be to be installed and integrated to have a functional Network installation and computer
networks.
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Generally, to have a functional Network installation and computer networks there are a lot of
services and protocols that should be integrated and work together and while installing and
verifying them what we have understood so far is its best practice to verify different topologies
independently and to work in proper order and in case of our organization (Salale university Ict
center) we tried to installed Extended star network topology.

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CHAPTER FOUR
BENEFIT GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP

The result we gained From the Internship

4.1 Practical skill knowledge
The Internship would have the opportunity to connect classroom theory with current industry
challenges and have exposure to the latest technologies. Opportunities to converse and interact
with a large pool of talented experienced department members would provide a deeper insight to
the overall operation, as well as provide a valuable pool of resources to assist in completion of
internship program. This internship program was exactly what we needed to nurture the lack of
practical skills we had. We would acquire practical experience to complement the theoretical
content of our studies.

4.2 Theoretical Knowledge

During our internship period in the ICT directorate, upgrade our theoretical knowledge, when we
have been learned the course of Data Communication and Computer Networksin the classroom

4.3 Interpersonal communication skill

During our internship period the Interpersonal skills, which are the life skills we use every day to
communicate and interact with other people, individually and in groups are good for us.
Not only how we communicated with others, but also, had we got confidence and our ability to
listen and understand. Problem solving, decision making and personal stress management are
also considered interpersonal skills. Through this internship, we found that we matured and we
gained many new perspectives, such as problem-solving skill, diversity, effective
communication, teamwork and service recovery, attention to detail, time management, personal
empowerment, self-confidence, responsibility. our supervisor was so kind to answer with
patience and teach us much that made this internship so enjoyable. we had gotten a wonderful
internship that spent such a happy moment with all of them. Though, still have so much to learn,
we think this challenge was what should include in our career. This helped much on our future
planning

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4.4 Team playing skill

In the section of the university, we had been working, most of the time we had work with our
supervisor though gained in terms of improving our team playing skill during our internship
period in main campus ICT directorate office.

4.5 Leadership skills

Leadership skills are the tool, behaviors, and capabilities that a person needs in order to be
successful at motivating and directing others. Yet true leadership skills involve something more;
the ability to help people grow in their own abilities. It can be said that the most successful
leaders are those that drive other to active their own success. We gained leadership skills from
our supervisor during the internship period which include managing time, motivating
individuals, giving feedback and building teams

4.6 Professional ethics

Professional ethics refers to the standards or a set of moral principles for regulating behaviors of
a certain defined profession. The following are some of the common professional ethical
principles what we gained in the internship period.

 Punctuality- means keeping the companies work beginning and ending time and to
complete a given task within the given period.
 Reliability- The worker should be qualified for the part he is supposed to be performing.
He/she must have appropriate skill and knowledge for the task assigned.
 Honesty- Regarding this value each worker regardless of its status should abstain from
bad behaviors such as cheating, bias, corruption etc.
 Cooperation- Each worker should interact and cooperate with each other while working.
That is because it is through such system problems could be easily solved.
 Respect the rule and regulation of the university

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CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
ICT center of Salale University organization established for the purpose of guide how to
communicate among each sector of work. Network device configuration is one of the best
preconditions for network installation and fast way of communications in any organization
throughout the world .so during stay in internships we have observed so many professional
activities and learn as well. This internship was very fruitful to us because we had to know what
we apply during installation. We also learn new concepts and new ways of working. During this
internship period we acquired practical experience to complement the theoretical content of our
study in the class, Network cable installation, network cable punching and installation using
network materials. To conclude, we think that this internship was very beneficial to us as we
learnt a lot, and it made our discover works in a real world.
The internship program is the best program for university students because we changed the
theoretical knowledge in to practical. During the internship period in SLUICT networking and
computer maintenance, we observe different types of computer programming knowing, the basic
principle operation and application area that was used for measuring different physical
phenomena.
For our15 days internship program, we have concluded that it gives real practical skills and make
students being familiar to the outside industries world. Truly, it prepared us to pay special
attention in all practical activities that will be carried out in the university. Because, of little error
or mistake can leads to large failure in the programming process if it is not carried in the correct
procedure. Also, this program allows us to make and develop professional contacts for our future
time and it helps us to know networking terms and working standards. Most the theoretical
things we have been learned got illustrated here in this program, which develops more our
confidence in the theoretical knowledge. Some of the benefits we gained from the internship
program are listed below as: -
 we Know how to face the real world
 team working skill and seeking for help in case of difficulties without any shame.
 We get work ethics and Entrepreneurship skill.

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 Identify different problem occur in the university and give the solution by
communicating with the formal and technician of the university
 Communication skills with technician
 Upgrading our theoretical knowledge
 Team working and leadership skills
 We know how to networking devices that are installed in the dynamical System

of the university.

5.2 Recommendation about Organization

During our internship time we observe different problem standing from our observation as an
internship student we would to give some recommendation to our hosting university Salale
university ICT center and to our university.

Working at Salale University of ICT center was a great experience for us. We had learnt many
things throughout internship period. From our little knowledge what we have some
recommendations as follows:
 The university does not have full networking materials like electronic resource, we
recommend the university that fulfill the material.
 Theuniversity should improve the man power educational level and give for them full
training capability of the networking, maintenance and they should focus.

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Bibliography

[1] yohannse, Interviewee, Background of the organization. [Interview]. 18 june 2015E.C.

[2] G. Monica, "How to distinguish T5688and T5688 of RJ45," 26 September 2016. [Online]. Available:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-distinguish-t568a-t568b-rj45-ethernet-cable-wiring-monica-
geller.

[3] combey, "What is network rack," 11 september 2016. [Online]. Available:

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-network-rack-combay.

[4] A. Froechlch, "What is patch panel," [Online]. Available:

https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/patch-panel.

[5] "editutoreal," [Online]. Available: https://www.techtarget.com/editorial/. [Accessed 09 October

2016 E.C].

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