COMPROG 1 FINALS REVIEWER

PROBLEM – something the result of which is not readily 1. Numeric

available.  Integer (int) – for whole numbers
 Float (float) – for decimals
Law of Equifinality – same goal can be achieved through
2. String (str) – for characters; letters, numbers, symbol
different courses of action and a variety of paths.
3. Boolean (bool) – George Boole – for true or false
ALGORITHMS –mathematician Al-khowarizmi , which means
BASIC OPERATORS
a procedure or a technique.
 Arithmetic Operators – mathematical operations
 A set of steps that generates a finite sequence of
operations which leads to the solution of a given  Comparison (Relational) Operators – tru or folz
problem.  Assignment Operators – assigns value to a variable
 Logical Operators – combining logical statements
FLOWCHART – is a pictorial or diagrammatic representation of
an algorithm so that it can be easier and quicker to ESCAPE CHARACTERS/backslash (\)– allows us to avoid errors
understand. caused by using “illegal characters”
\n – inserts a new line in the text
 SYSTEM FLOWCHART – contain solutions of many \t – inserts a tab in the text
problem units together \’ – inserts a single quote character
 PROGRAM FLOWCHART –contain steps to solve a \” - inserts a double quote character
problem to achieve a specific result. Error can be easier \\ - inserts a backslash character
to detect because it is a visual representation of the logic CONCATENATION ( + or , ) – process of merging two or more
of a program strings, on either sides
PSEUDOCODE – combining natural and programming TYPE CASTING - the method to convert the variable datatype
language to describe computer algorithms. Easiest way to into a certain data type.
represent an algorithm or program.  Explicit type conversion – done by the user
MODULO OPERATOR / remainder operator (%) - returns the  Implicit type conversion – automatically performed
remainder when the first operand is divided by the second by the interpreter
operand. PRECISION HANDLING USING % - determines the number of
digits to be displayed after the decimal point
NATURAL LANGUAGE – languages that humans speak
MACHINE LANGUAGE – composed of binary digits FIRST BUG – Harvard University, 1947
 Mark II was having consistent errors; a literal bug
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE - Set of commands, instructions, disrupted the electronics of the computer.
and other syntax use to create a software program.
TYPES OF ERRORS:
PROGRAM – organized list of instructions that causes  Syntax Error (parsing error) – caused by improper
computer to behave in a predetermined manner. format or syntax.
 Semantic Error – when the syntax is correct but the
PYTHON – conceptualized by Guido van Rossum. Started in
program logic is not, resulting to incorrect output.
1989. A high-level programming language with applications in
numerous areas. DEBUGGING – process of finding and correcting errors or
bugs in the program code.
Editor- where you type your code DEBUGGER – helpful for finding and correcting bugs that are
Code- commands or instructions written in a particular difficult to find.
programming language Decision Control statement - a statement that determines the
control flow of a set of instructions.
Interpreter- prompts the computer to execute or run your
program Nested if - an if-elif-else construct inside another if-elif-else
construct.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – helps create While Loop - used to execute a block of statements
programs and applications in diff programming languages. repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied.
Indention – indicates groups or blocks of code  The break Statement - stop the loop even if the while
condition is true
Program comment (#) – notes or reminders  The else statement - run a block of code once when
the condition no longer is true
Printing Text – used to display output or text
 The continue Statement - stop the current iteration,
.py – extension for python files and continue with the next
For Loop - used for sequential traversal.
>>> - prompt symbol of Python console  The range () Function - To loop through a set of code
Variable – an identifier or name for a reserved memory a specified number of times.
location for storing values.  Else in For Loop - specifies a block of code to be
executed when the loop is finished.
Python is dynamically-typed – the memory management for Lists - used to store multiple data at once.
the variable will only be determined during runtime. Lists [ ]- A list is a collection of ordered data. Lists are
mutable. Lists are declared with square braces.
DATA TYPE – determines the kind of information that is stored
in a variable
Tuples ( ) - A tuple is an ordered collection of data. Tuples are
immutable. Tuples are enclosed within parenthesis.
Sets { } - A set is an unordered collection. Sets are mutable
and have no duplicate elements.
Dictionaries { }- A dictionary is an unordered collection of
data that stores data in key-value pairs. Dictionaries are
mutable and keys do not allow duplicates.
Index – number associated with each item in a list.
Slicing of a List – print(list[1:5])
Change Item Value in a list – list[index] = “name”
1. Using .append()
2. Using .extend()
3. Using del statement
4. Using .remove()
5. List length – len(list)
Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value
pairs.
Accessing item in Dictionary: dic() or .get()
Changing the values in Dictionary: x=dic[key] = “value”
or .update()
Adding the values in Dictionary: dic[key]=”value”
Removing the values in Dictionary: .pop()

FUNCTION – used to make codes reusable and readable

FUNCTION WITH 1 PARAMETER:

Ex:

FUNCTION WITH 2 PARAMETERS:

Ex: