Scribd
Upload
32 views4 pages

Definition of JDBC

Uploaded by

princessrevathi25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views4 pages

Definition of JDBC

Uploaded by

princessrevathi25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Definition of JDBC(Java Database Connectivity)

JDBC is an API(Application programming interface) used in Java programming


to interact with databases. The classes and interfaces of JDBC allow the
application to send requests made by users to the specified database.
Purpose of JDBC
Enterprise applications created using the JAVA EE technology need to interact
with databases to store application-specific information. So, interacting with a
database requires efficient database connectivity, which can be achieved by
using the ODBC(Open database connectivity) driver. This driver is used with
JDBC to interact or communicate with various kinds of databases such as
Oracle, MS Access, Mysql, and SQL server database.
Components of JDBC
There are generally four main components of JDBC through which it can
interact with a database. They are as mentioned below:
1. JDBC API: It provides various methods and interfaces for easy
communication with the database. It provides two packages as follows, which
contain the java SE and Java EE platforms to exhibit WORA(write once run
anywhere) capabilities. The java.sql package contains interfaces and classes of
JDBC API.
java.sql: This package provides APIs for data access and data process in a
relational database, included in
Java Standard Edition (java SE)

javax.sql: This package extends the functionality of java package by providing


datasource interface for
establishing connection pooling, statement pooling with a data
source, included in
Java Enterprise Edition (java EE)
It also provides a standard to connect a database to a client application.
2. JDBC Driver manager: It loads a database-specific driver in an application to
establish a connection with a database. It is used to make a database-specific
call to the database to process the user request.
3. JDBC Test suite: It is used to test the operation(such as insertion, deletion,
updation) being performed by JDBC Drivers.
4. JDBC-ODBC Bridge Drivers: It connects database drivers to the database.
This bridge translates the JDBC method call to the ODBC function call. It makes
use of the sun.jdbc.odbc package which includes a native library to access
ODBC characteristics.
Architecture of JDBC

Description:
1. Application: It is a java applet or a servlet that communicates with a data
source.
2. The JDBC API: The JDBC API allows Java programs to execute SQL
statements and retrieve results. Some of the important classes and
interfaces defined in JDBC API are as follows:
3. DriverManager: It plays an important role in the JDBC architecture. It
uses some database-specific drivers to effectively connect enterprise
applications to databases.
4. JDBC drivers: To communicate with a data source through JDBC, you
need a JDBC driver that intelligently communicates with the respective
data source.
Types of JDBC Architecture(2-tier and 3-tier)
The JDBC architecture consists of two-tier and three-tier processing models to
access a database. They are as described below:
1. Two-tier model: A java application communicates directly to the data
source. The JDBC driver enables the communication between the
application and the data source. When a user sends a query to the data
source, the answers for those queries are sent back to the user in the
form of results.
The data source can be located on a different machine on a network to
which a user is connected. This is known as a client/server
configuration, where the user’s machine acts as a client, and the
machine has the data source running acts as the server.

2. Three-tier model: In this, the user’s queries are sent to middle-tier


services, from which the commands are again sent to the data source.
The results are sent back to the middle tier, and from there to the user.
This type of model is found very useful by management information
system directors.
What is API?
Before jumping into JDBC Drivers, let us know more about API.
API stands for Application Programming Interface. It is essentially a set of rules
and protocols which transfers data between different software applications and
allow different software applications to communicate with each other. Through
an API one application can request information or perform a function from
another application without having direct access to it’s underlying code or the
application data.
JDBC API uses JDBC Drivers to connect with the database.
JDBC Drivers
JDBC drivers are client-side adapters (installed on the client machine, not on
the server) that convert requests from Java programs to a protocol that the
DBMS can understand. There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:
1. Type-1 driver or JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Type-2 driver or Native-API driver (partially java driver)
3. Type-3 driver or Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)
4. Type-4 driver or Thin driver (fully java driver)
Interfaces of JDBC API
A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API is given below:
• Driver interface
• Connection interface
• Statement interface
• PreparedStatement interface
• CallableStatement interface
• ResultSet interface
• ResultSetMetaData interface
• DatabaseMetaData interface
• RowSet interface
Classes of JDBC API
A list of popular classes of JDBC API is given below:
• DriverManager class
• Blob class
• Clob class
• Types class

You might also like