Faculty Management System

ABSTRACT:

Faculty Management System is a web-based application that simplifies the process

of managing faculty information for educational institutions. The system allows
administrators to efficiently organize and maintain faculty records, including
personal details, qualifications, teaching assignments, and attendance. Faculty
members can also access the system to update their profiles, view their schedules,
and communicate with administrators.The Faculty Management System offers a
user-friendly interface that streamlines administrative tasks such as creating
timetables, assigning courses, and generating reports. By centralizing faculty
information, the system enhances communication and collaboration among faculty
members and administrators. It also provides valuable insights through analytics,
helping institutions make informed decisions to improve faculty performance and
student outcomes.
INTRODUCTION:

Faculty Management System is a comprehensive web-based application designed

to streamline the management of faculty information in educational institutions.
The system aims to simplify administrative tasks, enhance communication, and
improve decision-making processes related to faculty management. In today's
educational landscape, managing faculty information manually can be time-
consuming and error-prone. Faculty members often have diverse roles and
responsibilities, including teaching, research, and administrative duties. Keeping
track of their schedules, qualifications, and performance can be challenging for
administrators. The Faculty Management System offers a solution to these
challenges by providing a centralized platform for managing faculty information. It
enables administrators to maintain detailed records of faculty members, including
their personal details, qualifications, teaching assignments, and attendance. The
system also allows faculty members to access their profiles, update their
information, and communicate with administrators. By digitizing faculty
management processes, the system improves efficiency and accuracy. It simplifies
tasks such as creating timetables, assigning courses, and generating reports. It also
provides valuable insights through analytics, helping institutions make informed
decisions to enhance faculty performance and student outcomes. Overall, the
Faculty Management System is a valuable tool for educational institutions looking
to improve the management of their faculty resources. It offers a user-friendly
interface, robust features, and enhanced security, making it an essential asset for
modern educational management.
Literature Survey

The development of a Faculty Management System is rooted in the growing need

for efficient management of faculty resources in educational institutions. Over the
years, various studies and systems have been developed to streamline
administrative tasks and improve communication within academia. This literature
survey explores key studies and systems that have contributed to the evolution of
faculty management systems.

One of the foundational works in this area is Sommerville's (2016) research on

software engineering, which emphasizes the importance of creating structured and
efficient systems for handling complex administrative tasks. Sommerville’s work
underscores the need for software solutions that can automate manual processes,
which is crucial in faculty management where tasks such as attendance tracking,
timetable creation, and course assignments require accuracy and efficiency.

Additionally, Dennis, Wixom, and Roth (2015) provided valuable insights into
systems analysis and design, highlighting the significance of user-friendly
interfaces and system integration. Their research points to the challenges
educational institutions face when managing faculty information across multiple
platforms, a problem that many existing systems do not address adequately. The
proposed Faculty Management System integrates multiple functions—such as
communication, attendance tracking, and performance monitoring—into a single
platform, drawing on the principles outlined by Dennis and his colleagues.

Pressman and Maxim’s (2019) work on the practitioner’s approach to software

engineering provides critical insights into the development of systems that are both
robust and adaptable. Their research stresses the importance of scalability in
software systems, which is relevant for institutions with a growing faculty or those
planning to expand. The Faculty Management System incorporates features that
can be scaled up as the institution’s needs evolve, ensuring long-term usability.

In terms of technology, Django, a popular web framework, has emerged as a

crucial tool for developing web-based applications. Studies on Django, such as
those by the Django Software Foundation (2021), have shown that it simplifies
the development process, offering built-in features for database management,
security, and scalability. This is particularly beneficial for faculty management
systems, where data security and quick access to information are essential.
Elmasri and Navathe (2017) further support this by providing insights into
effective database design, which is integral for managing large amounts of faculty
data securely and efficiently.

Research on communication systems within faculty management is also well-

documented. Shneiderman and Plaisant (2017) explore user interface design and
highlight the importance of intuitive design for both administrators and faculty
members. Communication tools such as messaging, notifications, and shared
calendars are crucial components of the Faculty Management System, allowing
seamless collaboration and real-time updates, as suggested by Shneiderman’s
work.

Cloud-based systems and their benefits in educational institutions have been well-
studied in the context of system scalability and accessibility. Grover (2018) and
others have explored how cloud computing enables institutions to reduce the
burden of maintaining local servers, ensuring that faculty management systems
remain accessible from anywhere. Cloud integration ensures that institutions can
access and update faculty information remotely, which is especially important as
educational institutions increasingly adopt hybrid and online teaching models.

Lastly, the use of data analytics in faculty management has become a critical area
of interest. Bishop (2006) and Peffers et al. (2007) have examined how machine
learning and predictive analytics can be applied to education management systems
to optimize performance tracking and decision-making. These technologies offer
the potential to analyze faculty performance data and provide insights that can be
used to improve teaching quality and institutional efficiency.

In conclusion, the literature reveals a consistent trend toward the need for
integrated, user-friendly, and scalable systems to manage faculty information.
Drawing on established research in software engineering, systems design, and
educational technology, the Faculty Management System addresses the existing
gaps in faculty management by offering a centralized, web-based solution that
enhances communication, reduces manual workload, and provides valuable
insights through analytics. The next step in this development is to integrate
advanced technologies such as AI and cloud computing to further improve system
efficiency and adaptability.
EXISING SYSTEM :
In many educational institutions, faculty management is typically done manually or
with the help of basic software tools like spreadsheets and email. These methods
often lack integration and automation, leading to inefficiencies and errors in
managing faculty information.Manual systems require administrators to maintain
paper-based records of faculty details, including personal information,
qualifications, and teaching assignments. This process is time-consuming and
prone to errors, as it relies on manual data entry and updates. Communication
between faculty members and administrators is often done through email or in-
person meetings, which can be inefficient and may lead to
miscommunication.Some institutions use basic software tools like spreadsheets to
manage faculty information. While these tools offer some level of organization,
they lack the advanced features and integration capabilities needed for effective
faculty management. For example, generating timetables and attendance reports
can be cumbersome and prone to errors in spreadsheet-based systems.

DRAW BACKS :
The existing systems for managing faculty information in educational institutions
suffer from several drawbacks:

1. Manual Data Entry: Current systems often rely on manual data entry, which
is time-consuming and prone to errors. This can lead to inaccuracies in
faculty records and schedules.

2. Lack of Integration: Many institutions use separate systems for different

aspects of faculty management, such as attendance tracking, course
assignments, and communication. This lack of integration can result in data
duplication and inconsistencies across systems.
PROPOSED SYSTEM :
The proposed Faculty Management System is a comprehensive web-based
application that addresses the drawbacks of existing systems by offering a more
integrated, efficient, and user-friendly approach to managing faculty information in
educational institutions.The system provides a centralized platform for storing and
managing faculty records, including personal details, qualifications, teaching
assignments, and attendance. It offers a user-friendly interface that allows
administrators to easily update and access faculty information, reducing the need
for manual data entry and minimizing errors.One of the key features of the
proposed system is its integration capabilities, which allow for seamless
communication and collaboration among faculty members and administrators. The
system includes features such as messaging, notifications, and shared calendars,
enabling real-time communication and coordination of activities.The proposed
system also offers robust reporting and analytics capabilities, providing
administrators with valuable insights into faculty performance and student
outcomes. This allows institutions to make data-driven decisions to improve
faculty effectiveness and student success.

ADVANTAGES:

The proposed Faculty Management System offers several advantages over existing
systems:

1. Efficiency: The system streamlines administrative tasks such as creating

timetables, assigning courses, and managing faculty records, reducing the
time and effort required for these activities.

2. Integration: The system integrates various aspects of faculty management,

including attendance tracking, course assignments, and communication, into
a single platform, reducing data duplication and inconsistencies.
3. Communication: The system provides robust communication tools, such as
messaging and shared calendars, facilitating seamless communication and
collaboration among faculty members and administrators
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

➢ H/W System Configuration:-

➢ Processor - Pentium –IV

➢ RAM - 4 GB (min)

➢ Hard Disk - 20 GB

➢ Key Board - Standard Windows Keyboard

➢ Mouse - Two or Three Button Mouse

➢ Monitor - SVGA

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Operating system : Windows 7 Ultimate.

 Coding Language : Python.

 Front-End : Python.

 Back-End : Django-ORM
 Designing : Html, css, javascript.

 Data Base : MySQL (WAMP Server).

SYSTEM DESIGN
UML DIAGRAMS

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized

general-purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software
engineering. The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object
Management Group.

The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object
oriented computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major
components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method or
process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.

The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying,

Visualization, Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system, as
well as for business modeling and other non-software systems.

The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven
successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.

The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and the
software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations to
express the design of software projects.
GOALS:

The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:

1. Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language so that

they can develop and exchange meaningful models.

2. Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend the core

concepts.

3. Be independent of particular programming languages and development

process.

4. Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language.

5. Encourage the growth of OO tools market.

6. Support higher level development concepts such as collaborations,

frameworks, patterns and components.

7. Integrate best practices.

USECASE DIAGRAM:

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of

behavioral diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its purpose is
to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in terms
of actors, their goals (represented as use cases), and any dependencies between
those use cases. The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show what system
functions are performed for which actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be
depicted.
 Add Faculty Details
Manage Teaching Subjects
&Schedules

Add Student Details

Manage Publications

View Faculty Details

admin
Faculty Add Marksheets

View Student Details

Engagements

Logout
Logout

CLASS DIAGRAM:

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language

(UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system
by showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the
relationships among the classes. It explains which class contains information.
 admin.
Faculty.
Add Faculty Details
Manage Teaching Subjects &Schedules
View Student Details
Manage Publications
View Student Details
Add Marksheets
Logout
Engagements
Logout
Faculty Name()
Gender()
Student Name()
Contact No()
Course Name()
Qualification()
Year()
Experience()
Lecture Room No()
Teaching Subjects()
Coverting Topic Description()
Username()
Lecture Datetime()
Password()

SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a kind of

interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in
what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. Sequence diagrams are
sometimes called event diagrams, event scenarios, and timing diagrams.
admin database faculty

Manage Teaching Subjects &Schedules

Add Faculty Details

Manage Publications
Add Student Details
Add Marksheets

View Faculty Details

Engagements

View Student Details

logout

Logout
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise

activities and actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the
Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams can be used to describe the
business and operational step-by-step workflows of components in a system. An
activity diagram shows the overall flow of control.

Collaboration diagram:

2: Add Faculty Details

4: Add Student Details
6: View Faculty Details
8: View Student Details
10: Logout
admin databas
e

1: Manage Teaching Subjects &Schedules

3: Manage Publications
5: Add Marksheets
7: Engagements
faculty 9: logout
SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
What is Python :-

Below are some facts about Python.

Python is currently the most widely used multi-purpose, high-level programming

language.

Python allows programming in Object-Oriented and Procedural paradigms. Python

programs generally are smaller than other programming languages like Java.

Programmers have to type relatively less and indentation requirement of the

language, makes them readable all the time.

Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google,
Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc.

The biggest strength of Python is huge collection of standard library which can be
used for the following –

 Machine Learning

 GUI Applications (like Kivy, Tkinter, PyQt etc. )

 Web frameworks like Django (used by YouTube, Instagram,

Dropbox)

 Image processing (like Opencv, Pillow)

 Web scraping (like Scrapy, BeautifulSoup, Selenium)

 Test frameworks

 Multimedia
Advantages of Python :-

Let’s see how Python dominates over other languages.

1. Extensive Libraries

Python downloads with an extensive library and it contain code for various
purposes like regular expressions, documentation-generation, unit-testing, web
browsers, threading, databases, CGI, email, image manipulation, and more. So,
we don’t have to write the complete code for that manually.

2. Extensible

As we have seen earlier, Python can be extended to other languages. You can write
some of your code in languages like C++ or C. This comes in handy, especially in
projects.

3. Embeddable

Complimentary to extensibility, Python is embeddable as well. You can put your

Python code in your source code of a different language, like C++. This lets us
add scripting capabilities to our code in the other language.

4. Improved Productivity

The language’s simplicity and extensive libraries render programmers more

productive than languages like Java and C++ do. Also, the fact that you need to
write less and get more things done.

5. IOT Opportunities
Since Python forms the basis of new platforms like Raspberry Pi, it finds the future
bright for the Internet Of Things. This is a way to connect the language with the
real world.

6. Simple and Easy

When working with Java, you may have to create a class to print ‘Hello World’.
But in Python, just a print statement will do. It is also quite easy to
learn, understand, and code. This is why when people pick up Python, they have a
hard time adjusting to other more verbose languages like Java.

7. Readable

Because it is not such a verbose language, reading Python is much like reading
English. This is the reason why it is so easy to learn, understand, and code. It also
does not need curly braces to define blocks, and indentation is mandatory. This
further aids the readability of the code.

8. Object-Oriented

This language supports both the procedural and object-oriented programming

paradigms. While functions help us with code reusability, classes and objects let us
model the real world. A class allows the encapsulation of data and functions into
one.

9. Free and Open-Source

Like we said earlier, Python is freely available. But not only can you download
Python for free, but you can also download its source code, make changes to it, and
even distribute it. It downloads with an extensive collection of libraries to help you
with your tasks.

10. Portable

When you code your project in a language like C++, you may need to make some
changes to it if you want to run it on another platform. But it isn’t the same with
Python. Here, you need to code only once, and you can run it anywhere. This is
called Write Once Run Anywhere (WORA). However, you need to be careful
enough not to include any system-dependent features.

11. Interpreted

Lastly, we will say that it is an interpreted language. Since statements are executed
one by one, debugging is easier than in compiled languages.

Any doubts till now in the advantages of Python? Mention in the comment section.
Advantages of Python Over Other Languages

1. Less Coding

Almost all of the tasks done in Python requires less coding when the same task is
done in other languages. Python also has an awesome standard library support, so
you don’t have to search for any third-party libraries to get your job done. This is
the reason that many people suggest learning Python to beginners.

2. Affordable

Python is free therefore individuals, small companies or big organizations can

leverage the free available resources to build applications. Python is popular and
widely used so it gives you better community support.

The 2019 Github annual survey showed us that Python has overtaken Java in the
most popular programming language category.
3. Python is for Everyone

Python code can run on any machine whether it is Linux, Mac or Windows.
Programmers need to learn different languages for different jobs but with Python,
you can professionally build web apps, perform data analysis and machine
learning, automate things,do web scraping and also build games and powerful
visualizations. It is an all-rounder programming language.

Disadvantages of Python

So far, we’ve seen why Python is a great choice for your project. But if you choose
it, you should be aware of its consequences as well. Let’s now see the downsides
of choosing Python over another language.

1. Speed Limitations

We have seen that Python code is executed line by line. But since Python is
interpreted, it often results in slow execution. This, however, isn’t a problem unless
speed is a focal point for the project. In other words, unless high speed is a
requirement, the benefits offered by Python are enough to distract us from its speed
limitations.
2. Weak in Mobile Computing and Browsers

While it serves as an excellent server-side language, Python is much rarely seen on

the client-side. Besides that, it is rarely ever used to implement smartphone-based
applications. One such application is called Carbonnelle.

The reason it is not so famous despite the existence of Brython is that it isn’t that
secure.

3. Design Restrictions

As you know, Python is dynamically-typed. This means that you don’t need to
declare the type of variable while writing the code. It uses duck-typing. But wait,
what’s that? Well, it just means that if it looks like a duck, it must be a duck. While
this is easy on the programmers during coding, it can raise run-time errors.

4. Underdeveloped Database Access Layers

Compared to more widely used technologies like JDBC (Java DataBase

Connectivity) and ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity), Python’s database access
layers are a bit underdeveloped. Consequently, it is less often applied in huge
enterprises.

5. Simple
No, we’re not kidding. Python’s simplicity can indeed be a problem. Take my
example. I don’t do Java, I’m more of a Python person. To me, its syntax is so
simple that the verbosity of Java code seems unnecessary.

This was all about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Python Programming
Language.

History of Python : -

What do the alphabet and the programming language Python have in common?
Right, both start with ABC. If we are talking about ABC in the Python context, it's
clear that the programming language ABC is meant. ABC is a general-purpose
programming language and programming environment, which had been developed
in the Netherlands, Amsterdam, at the CWI (Centrum Wiskunde &Informatica).
The greatest achievement of ABC was to influence the design of Python.Python
was conceptualized in the late 1980s. Guido van Rossum worked that time in a
project at the CWI, called Amoeba, a distributed operating system. In an interview
with Bill Venners1, Guido van Rossum said: "In the early 1980s, I worked as an
implementer on a team building a language called ABC at Centrum voor Wiskunde
en Informatica (CWI). I don't know how well people know ABC's influence on
Python. I try to mention ABC's influence because I'm indebted to everything I
learned during that project and to the people who worked on it."Later on in the
same Interview, Guido van Rossum continued: "I remembered all my experience
and some of my frustration with ABC. I decided to try to design a simple scripting
language that possessed some of ABC's better properties, but without its problems.
So I started typing. I created a simple virtual machine, a simple parser, and a
simple runtime. I made my own version of the various ABC parts that I liked. I
created a basic syntax, used indentation for statement grouping instead of curly
braces or begin-end blocks, and developed a small number of powerful data types:
a hash table (or dictionary, as we call it), a list, strings, and numbers."

What is Machine Learning : -

Before we take a look at the details of various machine learning methods, let's start
by looking at what machine learning is, and what it isn't. Machine learning is often
categorized as a subfield of artificial intelligence, but I find that categorization can
often be misleading at first brush. The study of machine learning certainly arose
from research in this context, but in the data science application of machine
learning methods, it's more helpful to think of machine learning as a means
of building models of data.

Fundamentally, machine learning involves building mathematical models to help

understand data. "Learning" enters the fray when we give these models tunable
parameters that can be adapted to observed data; in this way the program can be
considered to be "learning" from the data. Once these models have been fit to
previously seen data, they can be used to predict and understand aspects of newly
observed data. I'll leave to the reader the more philosophical digression regarding
the extent to which this type of mathematical, model-based "learning" is similar to
the "learning" exhibited by the human brain. Understanding the problem setting in
machine learning is essential to using these tools effectively, and so we will start
with some broad categorizations of the types of approaches we'll discuss here.
Categories Of Machine Leaning :-

At the most fundamental level, machine learning can be categorized into two main
types: supervised learning and unsupervised learning.

Supervised learning involves somehow modeling the relationship between

measured features of data and some label associated with the data; once this model
is determined, it can be used to apply labels to new, unknown data. This is further
subdivided into classification tasks and regression tasks: in classification, the
labels are discrete categories, while in regression, the labels are continuous
quantities. We will see examples of both types of supervised learning in the
following section.

Unsupervised learning involves modeling the features of a dataset without

reference to any label, and is often described as "letting the dataset speak for
itself." These models include tasks such as clustering and dimensionality
reduction. Clustering algorithms identify distinct groups of data, while
dimensionality reduction algorithms search for more succinct representations of the
data. We will see examples of both types of unsupervised learning in the following
section.
Need for Machine Learning

Human beings, at this moment, are the most intelligent and advanced species on
earth because they can think, evaluate and solve complex problems. On the other
side, AI is still in its initial stage and haven’t surpassed human intelligence in many
aspects. Then the question is that what is the need to make machine learn? The
most suitable reason for doing this is, “to make decisions, based on data, with
efficiency and scale”.

Lately, organizations are investing heavily in newer technologies like Artificial

Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning to get the key information from
data to perform several real-world tasks and solve problems. We can call it data-
driven decisions taken by machines, particularly to automate the process. These
data-driven decisions can be used, instead of using programing logic, in the
problems that cannot be programmed inherently. The fact is that we can’t do
without human intelligence, but other aspect is that we all need to solve real-world
problems with efficiency at a huge scale. That is why the need for machine
learning arises.
Challenges in Machines Learning :-

While Machine Learning is rapidly evolving, making significant strides with

cybersecurity and autonomous cars, this segment of AI as whole still has a long
way to go. The reason behind is that ML has not been able to overcome number of
challenges. The challenges that ML is facing currently are −

Quality of data − Having good-quality data for ML algorithms is one of the biggest
challenges. Use of low-quality data leads to the problems related to data
preprocessing and feature extraction.

Time-Consuming task − Another challenge faced by ML models is the

consumption of time especially for data acquisition, feature extraction and
retrieval.

Lack of specialist persons − As ML technology is still in its infancy stage,

availability of expert resources is a tough job.

No clear objective for formulating business problems − Having no clear objective

and well-defined goal for business problems is another key challenge for ML
because this technology is not that mature yet.
Issue of overfitting & underfitting − If the model is overfitting or underfitting, it
cannot be represented well for the problem.

Curse of dimensionality − Another challenge ML model faces is too many features

of data points. This can be a real hindrance.

Difficulty in deployment − Complexity of the ML model makes it quite difficult to

be deployed in real life.

Applications of Machines Learning :-

Machine Learning is the most rapidly growing technology and according to

researchers we are in the golden year of AI and ML. It is used to solve many real-
world complex problems which cannot be solved with traditional approach.
Following are some real-world applications of ML −

 Emotion analysis

 Sentiment analysis

 Error detection and prevention

 Weather forecasting and prediction

 Stock market analysis and forecasting

 Speech synthesis

 Speech recognition
  Customer segmentation

 Object recognition

 Fraud detection

 Fraud prevention

 Recommendation of products to customer in online shopping

How to Start Learning Machine Learning?

Arthur Samuel coined the term “Machine Learning” in 1959 and defined it as
a “Field of study that gives computers the capability to learn without being
explicitly programmed”.

And that was the beginning of Machine Learning! In modern times, Machine
Learning is one of the most popular (if not the most!) career choices. According
to Indeed, Machine Learning Engineer Is The Best Job of 2019 with
a 344% growth and an average base salary of $146,085 per year.

But there is still a lot of doubt about what exactly is Machine Learning and how to
start learning it? So this article deals with the Basics of Machine Learning and also
the path you can follow to eventually become a full-fledged Machine Learning
Engineer. Now let’s get started!!!
How to start learning ML?

This is a rough roadmap you can follow on your way to becoming an insanely
talented Machine Learning Engineer. Of course, you can always modify the steps
according to your needs to reach your desired end-goal!

Step 1 – Understand the Prerequisites

In case you are a genius, you could start ML directly but normally, there are some
prerequisites that you need to know which include Linear Algebra, Multivariate
Calculus, Statistics, and Python. And if you don’t know these, never fear! You
don’t need a Ph.D. degree in these topics to get started but you do need a basic
understanding.

(a) Learn Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus

Both Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus are important in Machine Learning.
However, the extent to which you need them depends on your role as a data
scientist. If you are more focused on application heavy machine learning, then you
will not be that heavily focused on maths as there are many common libraries
available. But if you want to focus on R&D in Machine Learning, then mastery of
Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus is very important as you will have to
implement many ML algorithms from scratch.

(b) Learn Statistics

Data plays a huge role in Machine Learning. In fact, around 80% of your time as
an ML expert will be spent collecting and cleaning data. And statistics is a field
that handles the collection, analysis, and presentation of data. So it is no surprise
that you need to learn it!!!
Some of the key concepts in statistics that are important are Statistical
Significance, Probability Distributions, Hypothesis Testing, Regression, etc. Also,
Bayesian Thinking is also a very important part of ML which deals with various
concepts like Conditional Probability, Priors, and Posteriors, Maximum
Likelihood, etc.

(c) Learn Python

Some people prefer to skip Linear Algebra, Multivariate Calculus and Statistics
and learn them as they go along with trial and error. But the one thing that you
absolutely cannot skip is Python! While there are other languages you can use for
Machine Learning like R, Scala, etc. Python is currently the most popular language
for ML. In fact, there are many Python libraries that are specifically useful for
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning such as Keras, TensorFlow, Scikit-
learn, etc.

So if you want to learn ML, it’s best if you learn Python! You can do that using
various online resources and courses such as Fork Python available Free on
GeeksforGeeks.

Step 2 – Learn Various ML Concepts

Now that you are done with the prerequisites, you can move on to actually learning
ML (Which is the fun part!!!) It’s best to start with the basics and then move on to
the more complicated stuff. Some of the basic concepts in ML are:

(a) Terminologies of Machine Learning

 Model – A model is a specific representation learned from data by applying

some machine learning algorithm. A model is also called a hypothesis.
  Feature – A feature is an individual measurable property of the data. A set of
numeric features can be conveniently described by a feature vector. Feature
vectors are fed as input to the model. For example, in order to predict a fruit,
there may be features like color, smell, taste, etc.

 Target (Label) – A target variable or label is the value to be predicted by our

model. For the fruit example discussed in the feature section, the label with
each set of input would be the name of the fruit like apple, orange, banana,
etc.

 Training – The idea is to give a set of inputs(features) and it’s expected

outputs(labels), so after training, we will have a model (hypothesis) that will
then map new data to one of the categories trained on.

 Prediction – Once our model is ready, it can be fed a set of inputs to which it
will provide a predicted output(label).

(b) Types of Machine Learning

 Supervised Learning – This involves learning from a training dataset with

labeled data using classification and regression models. This learning
process continues until the required level of performance is achieved.
  Unsupervised Learning – This involves using unlabelled data and then
finding the underlying structure in the data in order to learn more and more
about the data itself using factor and cluster analysis models.

 Semi-supervised Learning – This involves using unlabelled data like

Unsupervised Learning with a small amount of labeled data. Using labeled
data vastly increases the learning accuracy and is also more cost-effective
than Supervised Learning.

 Reinforcement Learning – This involves learning optimal actions through

trial and error. So the next action is decided by learning behaviors that are
based on the current state and that will maximize the reward in the future.

Advantages of Machine learning :-

1. Easily identifies trends and patterns -

Machine Learning can review large volumes of data and discover specific trends
and patterns that would not be apparent to humans. For instance, for an e-
commerce website like Amazon, it serves to understand the browsing behaviors
and purchase histories of its users to help cater to the right products, deals, and
reminders relevant to them. It uses the results to reveal relevant advertisements to
them.

2. No human intervention needed (automation)

With ML, you don’t need to babysit your project every step of the way. Since it
means giving machines the ability to learn, it lets them make predictions and also
improve the algorithms on their own. A common example of this is anti-virus
softwares; they learn to filter new threats as they are recognized. ML is also good
at recognizing spam.

3. Continuous Improvement

As ML algorithms gain experience, they keep improving in accuracy and

efficiency. This lets them make better decisions. Say you need to make a weather
forecast model. As the amount of data you have keeps growing, your algorithms
learn to make more accurate predictions faster.

4. Handling multi-dimensional and multi-variety data

Machine Learning algorithms are good at handling data that are multi-dimensional
and multi-variety, and they can do this in dynamic or uncertain environments.
5. Wide Applications

You could be an e-tailer or a healthcare provider and make ML work for you.
Where it does apply, it holds the capability to help deliver a much more personal
experience to customers while also targeting the right customers.
Disadvantages of Machine Learning :-

1. Data Acquisition

Machine Learning requires massive data sets to train on, and these should be
inclusive/unbiased, and of good quality. There can also be times where they must
wait for new data to be generated.

2. Time and Resources

ML needs enough time to let the algorithms learn and develop enough to fulfill
their purpose with a considerable amount of accuracy and relevancy. It also needs
massive resources to function. This can mean additional requirements of computer
power for you.

3. Interpretation of Results

Another major challenge is the ability to accurately interpret results generated by

the algorithms. You must also carefully choose the algorithms for your purpose.

4. High error-susceptibility

Machine Learning is autonomous but highly susceptible to errors. Suppose you

train an algorithm with data sets small enough to not be inclusive. You end up with
biased predictions coming from a biased training set. This leads to irrelevant
advertisements being displayed to customers. In the case of ML, such blunders can
set off a chain of errors that can go undetected for long periods of time. And when
they do get noticed, it takes quite some time to recognize the source of the issue,
and even longer to correct it.
SYSTEM TEST

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to

discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way
to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a
finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring
that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not
fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type
addresses a specific testing requirement.

TYPES OF TESTS

Unit testing

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program
logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All
decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of
individual software units of the application .it is done after the completion of an
individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on
knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at
component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system
configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process
performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined
inputs and expected results.

Integration testing

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine

if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned
with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that
although the components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully
unit testing, the combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration
testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that arise from the
combination of components.

Functional test

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are

available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.

Functional testing is centered on the following items:

Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.

Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.

Functions : identified functions must be exercised.

Output : identified classes of application outputs must be

exercised.

Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key

functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to
identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive
processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete,
additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined.

System Test

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets
requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An
example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test.
System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven
process links and integration points.

White Box Testing

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has knowledge
of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its
purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black
box level.

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as
most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such
as specification or requirements document, such as specification or requirements
document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black
box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs
without considering how the software works.

Unit Testing

Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of
the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to
be conducted as two distinct phases.

Test strategy and approach

Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in
detail.

Test objectives

 All field entries must work properly.

 Pages must be activated from the identified link.

  The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed.

Features to be tested

 Verify that the entries are of the correct format

 No duplicate entries should be allowed

 All links should take the user to the correct page.

Integration Testing

Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more

integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by
interface defects.

The task of the integration test is to check that components or software

applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software
applications at the company level – interact without error.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.
Acceptance Testing

User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant
participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional
requirements.

Test Results: All the test cases mentioned above passed successfully. No defects
encountered.
SYSTEM STUDY
FEASIBILITY STUDY

The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal
is put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates.
During system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried
out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For
feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system
is essential.

Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are

 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will
have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the
research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be
justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was
achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the
customized products had to be purchased.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the
technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high
demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the
available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the
client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or
null changes are required for implementing this system.

SOCIAL FEASIBILITY

The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the
user. This includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently.
The user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a
necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that
are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with
it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some
constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.
Faculty Management System

In this project we are designing online web application for faculties and students
where they can manage all their teaching and subjects’ details at a single
centralized servers. This project consists of following modules

1) Admin: admin can login to system using username and password as ‘admin’
and then can add new student and faculties details. Admin will give login
details to both faculty and students. Admin can view list of available
faculties and students
2) Faculty: faculty can login to system using login details given by admin, after
login faculty can schedule his lecture class, manage publication, upload
mark sheets and manage other professional sessions like Review,
Invigilation etc.
3) Student: student can login to system using login details given by admin and
then can view all reporting related to faculties such as viewing and
downloading marks, view faculty engagements, view scheduled lectures and
publications done by faculties.
To run project install python 3.7 and then install MYSQL database and then copy
content from DB.txt file and then paste in MYSQL console to create database.

SCREEN SHOTS

Double click on ‘run.bat’ file to start python web DJANGO server and get below
page
In above screen python server started and now open browser and enter URL as
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index.html and press enter key to get below page

In above screen click on ‘Admin Login’ link to get below page

In above screen admin is login and after login will get below page

In above screen click on ‘Add Faculty Details’ link to get below page
In above screen admin adding new faculty details and then press button to get
below page

In above screen faculty details added and now click on ‘Add Student’ link to add
student details
In above screen admin adding student details and then click on ‘Submit’ button to
get below page

In above screen student details added and now click on ‘View Faculty Details’ link
to view list of available faculties
In above screen admin can view list of available faculty details and now click on
‘View Student Details’ to view list of students

In above screen admin can view list of available students and now logout and login
as Faculty
In above screen faculty is login and after login will get below page

In above screen faculty can click on ‘Manage Teaching Subjects & Schedules’ link
to add lecture details
In above screen faculty will add lecture details along with lecture room, subject
with date and time and then press button to schedule lecture and get below output

In above screen lecture details added and now click on ‘Manage Publications’ link
to add research work and publish paper details
In above screen faculty will add all his research publication details along with
paper and then press button to save details and get below output

In above screen all research journal publishing paper details added and now click
on ‘Add Mark sheets’ link to upload excel or any other format file
In above screen faculty will add mark sheet details and upload the file and then
click on ‘Open’ and ‘Submit’ button to save ark details

In above screen mark details added to database and then click on ‘Engagements’
link to add his engagement details
In above screen faculty adding all his engagement details and then press button to
get below output

In above screen engagement details added and now logout and login as ‘Student’ to
view all reporting
In above screen student is login and after login will get below page

In above screen student can click on ‘View Lecture Schedules’ link to get list of
scheduled lecturer
In above screen student can view list of all schedules lecturer and now click on
‘View Publication’ to view research work of all faculties for joining or assisting

In above screen student can view research work from all faculties and now click on
‘Download Mark sheet’ link to view and download all announced results
In above screen student can view all announced results and can click on ‘Click
Here to Download’ link to download result and get below output

In above screen in right side panel can see downloaded marks sheet and now click
on ‘View Faculty Engagements’ to know about faculties and their engagements
In above screen student can view which faculties are engage in which engagement
type.

Similarly by following above screens faculties will feed online all details and
students can view all those details
Conclusion

The Faculty Management System is a significant advancement for educational

institutions seeking to manage their faculty resources more efficiently. By
transitioning from manual or basic software-based methods to a centralized,
integrated platform, institutions can streamline their administrative processes,
improve communication between faculty and administrators, and make better-
informed decisions. The system enhances productivity by automating many time-
consuming tasks, reducing human error, and facilitating real-time collaboration.
These benefits, combined with the ability to analyze and assess faculty
performance, ultimately contribute to a more organized, productive, and results-
oriented educational environment.

One of the standout features of the Faculty Management System is its user-friendly
interface. Educational administrators, who often have to deal with the complexity
of managing a large volume of data, can now rely on a more intuitive and
simplified system. This system automates many of the repetitive, labor-intensive
processes, such as creating schedules, maintaining faculty records, and generating
reports. Administrators can focus on higher-level decision-making and strategic
planning rather than getting bogged down by day-to-day management tasks.

Efficiency and accuracy are critical in managing faculty information, especially in

large institutions where numerous faculty members handle teaching, research, and
administrative roles. Manual systems often lead to delays, mistakes, and
redundancy in records. The Faculty Management System minimizes such risks by
providing a centralized database where administrators can update and access
accurate information in real-time. Timetable creation, faculty assignments, and
attendance tracking are no longer cumbersome processes, thanks to the system’s
automation capabilities.
Faculty members also benefit greatly from the system’s features. They can log in
to the system to view their teaching schedules, update their qualifications, or
communicate with administrators about any changes. This increases transparency,
allowing faculty members to keep track of their responsibilities without confusion
or miscommunication. The ease of access to up-to-date information fosters better
coordination among faculty members, reducing potential scheduling conflicts or
mismatches.

Another major advantage of the Faculty Management System is its ability to

enhance communication and collaboration among faculty members and between
faculty and administrators. In traditional setups, communication can be slow,
especially when reliant on email or face-to-face meetings, which may lead to
inefficiencies or delays. With the system’s integrated messaging and notification
features, faculty members can communicate instantly and more effectively. The
shared calendars ensure that everyone stays aligned with institutional activities,
reducing misunderstandings and enhancing overall coordination.

Moreover, real-time updates ensure that faculty members and administrators are
informed about changes as soon as they occur. For instance, if a faculty member is
reassigned to a different course or if there is a modification in the timetable, the
system will notify the relevant parties immediately. This level of connectivity
strengthens the institution’s operational framework, fostering an environment
where collaboration and communication can thrive.

Perhaps one of the most impactful aspects of the Faculty Management System is its
reporting and analytics capabilities. Educational institutions can leverage the
power of data to make more informed decisions about their faculty’s performance
and student outcomes. Administrators can generate detailed reports on faculty
attendance, teaching effectiveness, and overall performance, enabling them to
identify areas for improvement. Additionally, the system’s data analytics can help
in identifying patterns and trends, such as workload distribution or faculty
availability, which can be useful in optimizing resource allocation.
Through the data generated by the system, institutions can also assess student
outcomes more effectively, as faculty performance is a key determinant of student
success. The ability to correlate faculty performance data with student outcomes
can provide valuable insights, enabling institutions to take necessary actions to
improve both faculty performance and student learning experiences. This kind of
data-driven approach is increasingly becoming the norm in modern educational
management, where empirical evidence is used to drive improvements and
reforms.

The integration of various components within the Faculty Management System

offers an additional layer of functionality that distinguishes it from basic
management tools. The system integrates attendance tracking, timetable creation,
course assignments, and communication into one platform. This eliminates the
need for multiple, disparate tools and allows institutions to maintain a consistent
and unified approach to faculty management. For instance, administrators no
longer need to rely on separate systems for attendance tracking and
communication, thereby reducing the chances of data duplication or
inconsistencies.

Another advantage is that the system is scalable. As institutions grow, whether in

terms of student enrollment or faculty members, the system can easily
accommodate these changes without compromising on performance. New faculty
members can be added to the system, and additional functionalities can be
introduced as needed. The scalability of the system ensures that it remains relevant
and useful in the long term, catering to the growing demands of modern
educational institutions.

With the increasing reliance on digital platforms for managing sensitive

information, security is a top priority. The Faculty Management System ensures
that all data, including personal information, qualifications, and performance
records, is securely stored and accessible only to authorized users. By
implementing strong encryption and user authentication protocols, the system
minimizes the risk of data breaches or unauthorized access. The system also
provides regular backups to prevent data loss, ensuring that all records are safely
preserved.

Moreover, the reliability of the system is critical in ensuring that faculty and
administrators can access it without interruptions. Given the importance of real-
time data in managing faculty activities, the system is designed to provide
consistent, uninterrupted access, reducing the likelihood of downtime that could
impact the institution’s operations.

The Faculty Management System revolutionizes the way educational institutions

handle their faculty resources. By providing a comprehensive, integrated platform,
the system addresses many of the inefficiencies present in manual or basic
software-based systems. It offers an all-in-one solution for managing faculty
records, schedules, and communication while also providing valuable data-driven
insights for improving faculty performance and student outcomes.

The system’s ability to streamline administrative processes, enhance

communication, and provide actionable analytics makes it an invaluable tool for
modern educational institutions. Its scalable design ensures that it will continue to
meet the evolving needs of institutions, while its focus on security and reliability
guarantees the protection of sensitive data. As a result, institutions can operate
more efficiently, make better decisions, and create an environment that supports
faculty excellence and student success.

In conclusion, the Faculty Management System is not just a technological upgrade

—it’s a transformational tool that will have a lasting impact on the way educational
institutions manage their most valuable resource: their faculty.
Future Scope
The Faculty Management System holds significant potential for further development and
expansion in the future. As educational institutions continue to evolve, the need for more
sophisticated and adaptable systems will only grow. One promising area for enhancement is the
incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms. These
technologies can be leveraged to analyze faculty performance, predict potential issues such as
burnout or overload, and recommend optimal course assignments based on a faculty member’s
expertise and past performance. This level of automation and predictive analysis could lead to
more proactive decision-making and improve overall faculty efficiency and satisfaction.

Additionally, the system can be expanded to include mobile applications for both faculty
members and administrators. Mobile access would allow for greater flexibility, enabling users to
manage schedules, communicate, and receive notifications on the go. This could be especially
useful for institutions with large campuses or those that require remote access to systems. A
mobile-first approach would further improve accessibility and ensure that the system is available
anytime, anywhere.

The integration of cloud computing is another potential advancement that could enhance the
scalability and accessibility of the Faculty Management System. By moving the platform to the
cloud, institutions can reduce the need for local server maintenance, ensuring higher availability
and faster system updates. Cloud integration would also facilitate easier collaboration between
institutions, enabling them to share resources, such as guest lecturers or cross-institution faculty
engagements.

Another future improvement could be the integration of advanced analytics and dashboards
for institutional decision-makers. These dashboards could offer real-time insights into key
metrics such as faculty workload distribution, course enrollment trends, and student feedback,
empowering administrators to make data-driven decisions more quickly and effectively. This
would align with the growing demand for data-centric management in educational institutions,
where empirical evidence plays a vital role in resource allocation and policy-making.

Finally, the system could be expanded to include a more holistic approach by integrating student
performance tracking alongside faculty management. By correlating student outcomes with
faculty teaching methods and performance, institutions can gain a deeper understanding of how
faculty contributions directly impact student success. This would allow for more targeted
interventions, faculty development programs, and tailored instructional strategies, ultimately
improving the overall quality of education.

In conclusion, the Faculty Management System has vast potential for future growth. By
incorporating AI, mobile technology, cloud computing, and advanced analytics, the system can
become even more powerful and adaptable, meeting the changing needs of modern educational
institutions and contributing to a more efficient, data-driven, and collaborative educational
environment.
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