PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24

XII- Physics Prepared By: Mumtaz Yaseen

Important Information:
1. Means that topic is very important/important.
2. Without any sign means that you have to prepare to decrease the risk factor.
3. Information for MCQs (Section – A)
It is not possible to suggest important MCQs but for the preparation of MCQs read your
syllabus book, attempt all MCQ’s of last 25 years and do preparation of all MCQ’s which are
provided by your teacher.
Chapter 11: Heat
Questions:
1. Define heat engine. Explain different operations of Carnot Engine. Draw Carnot Cycle

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graph. Derive formula for its efficiency.
2. Types of molar specific heat and derive a relation ( CP – CV = R ) between its types.
Derivation of pressure equation for ideal gases.

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3.
5. State two statements of second law of thermodynamics. Also prove that both are equivalent.
6. Define entropy. Discuss it on the basis of second law of thermodynamics.

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7. Derive a relation between coefficient of linear expansion and coefficient of volumetric expansion.
Problems Exercise: Problem #: 11.1, 11.3, *11.4, *11.6, *11.9 and
**11.11 Solved Example: Example #: *11.2, *11.5,

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Past Papers: 2006 Q1 (d), 2009 Q2 (d), 2008 Q1 (d), 2008 Q2 (d), 2007 Q2 (d)
Chapter 12: Electrostatics
Questions:
1.
2.
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Gauss’s Law and its applications (Electric field intensity on a charge sheet or on a spherical surface.
Derive a relation between potential difference and electric field intensity ( N/c = Volt / m.)
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3. Explain electric flux. Under what conditions will the flux through the surface be?
(i) zero (ii) maximum
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Problems Exercise: Problem #: *12.1, *12.2, 12.6, *12.9, *12.11, *12.15, *12.16, *12.17, *12.19 , *12.22
Solved Example: Example #: *12.3
Past Papers: 2009 Q3 (d), 2008 Q3(d) and 2006 Q3 (d); 2015 Q2 (x)
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Extra Question: Question of Gauss’s law by using E = F/q and E = /20

Chapter 13: Current Electricity
Questions:
1. Define potential difference and electromotive force. Both are measured in volts.
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What is the difference between these concepts? Also derive the relevant expression.
2. Ohm’s law, factors on which resistance depends.
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3. How to obtain maximum and minimum resistance. Derive mathematical expression for it.
4. Electro motive force with relevant expressions by using examples.
Problems Exercise: Problem #: *13.2, 13.7, 13.8, *13.10, *13.12, *13.16, *13.17, *13.18, **13.19,
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*13.21 and *13.22. Solved Example: Example #:

*13.5, *13.7, 13.10 and 13.14
Past Papers: 2009 Q6 (d) and 2008 Q4 (d); 2012 Q2 (i)
Chapter 14: Magnetism and Electromagnetism
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Questions:
1. State & prove ampere’s law. By using ampere’s law , calculate magnetic field of solenoid.
2. Explain e/m ratio, J.J. Thomson Experiment. By using this experiment, calculate mass of an electron.
3 Path of charge particle and derivation for radius of circular path.
4. State Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law. By using this law explain self or mutual induction.
5. Define motional emf, derive a mathematical expression for it.
6. Define generator. Write down its principle. Also prove that the induced emf is directly
proportional to number of rotations complete in one second.
Problems Exercise: Problem #: 14.1, *14.4, **14,6, *14.7, *14.11, *14.12, *14.14,
14.15 Solved Example: Example #: 14.3, 14.6, 14.9 and 14.10.
Past Papers: 2008 Q5 (d), 2009 Q4 (d), 2007 Q4 (d), 2006 Q5 (d); 2013 Q2 (iv); 2012
Q2 (ii); 2011 Q2 (xiii)

Extra Question:
1. Numerical of ampere’s law by using Bl = 0NI
 Chapter 15: Electrical Measuring Instruments
Questions:
1. With the help of diagram describe how a galvanometer is converted into an
Ammeter and derive an expression for shunt resistance Rs.
2. With the help of diagram describe how a galvanometer is converted into a Voltmeter
and also derive an expression for high resistance (Rx).
3. Moving coil galvanometer. Also prove that current is directly proportional to the angle of
Deflection. Also discuss its sensitivity.
Problems Exercise: Problem #: **15.2, *15.5 and **15.7
Solved Example: Example #: 15.1
Past Papers: 2006 Q6 (d), 2007 Q5 (d), 2008 Q6 (d)
Chapter 16: Electromagnetic Waves and Electronics:
Questions:
1. What is semiconductor? Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
2. Define transistor. Write down its types and explain the phenomenon of npn or pnp transistor.

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3. Define biasing. Explain its types with their proper definitions
.

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Chapter 17: Advent of Modern Physics
Questions:

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1. Explain Compton’s Effect. Also derive formula for the Compton’s shift in wave length of photon.
2. Postulates of special theory of relativity. Discuss its consequences.

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3. Write down the postulates of special theory of relativity. Also discuss its consequences.
4. Define black body radiation. Write down its laws.
5.
Problems Exercise:
Solved Examples:
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Explain pair production and annihilation of matter.
Problem #: *17.3, *17.4, *17.5, *17.6, 17.8, *17.10, *17.13, *17.15
17.2, 17.3, 17.13 and 17.14.
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Past Papers: 2006 Q7(d), 2008 Q8 (d), 2009 Q7 (d); 2013 Q2 (vi); 2011 Q2 (i)
Extra Numerical:
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1. Light of wave length 4000A0 to 7000A0 falls on metal surface where its work function is 0.54eV.
Calculate stopping potential, velocity of photo electrons and will electrons be emitted or not?
Chapter 18: The Atomic Spectra
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Questions:
1. Write down Postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory. Derive formula for radius of
nth orbit transition
2. Define Laser. Write down its principle. Explain its operation. Also discuss Ruby Laser.
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Exercise: Problem #: *18.1, *18.2, *18.3, *18.4(a) and *18.5 & 18.10
Solved Example: #: 18.1, 18.3 and 18.4
Past Papers: 2008 Q8 (d)
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Extra Numerical:
1. Calculation of shortest and longest wave length of different hydrogen series.
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2. Calculation of wavelength and wave number when hydrogen atom be ionized.

Chapter 19: The Atomic Nucleus
Questions:
1. Define nuclear fission reaction. Explain nuclear fission chain reaction.
Problems Exercise: Problem #: *19.4, *19.5, *19.6, 19.7, 19.8 and 19.10Solved Example: Example #: 19.6
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Past Papers: 2009 Q8 (d) and 2010 Q2 (viii)

Chapter 20: Nuclear Radiations
Questions:
1. Describe the construction and working of Wilson Cloud Chamber, what is the difference between
Wilson cloud chamber & Geiger Counter.
Extra Important Problems For The Examination 2022-23
1. A Carnot engine performs 2000 J of work and rejects 4000 J of heat to the sink. If the
difference of temperature between the source and the sink is 850C, find the temperature of
the source and the sink.
2. A steel bar is 10m in length at –2.50C. What will be the change in its length when it is
at 2500C. ( for the steel is 3.3 × 10-8 K-1).
3. A heat engine performs work at the rate of 500 kilowatt. The efficiency of the engine is 30%;
calculate the loss of heat per hour.
5. A 100 gm cooper block is heated in boiling water for ten minutes and then it is
dropped into 150 gm if water at 300C in a 200 gm calorimeter. If the temperature of water
is raised to 33.60C, determine the specific heat of the material of calorimeter.
6. A brass ring of 20 cm diameter is to mounted on a metal rod of 20.02 cm diameter at
200C. To what temperature should the ring be heated?
7. If one mole of mono atomic gas is heated at constant pressure from –300C to --200C,
find the change in its internal energy and the work done during the process. (CV =
2.1J/mole.K)
8. 540 calories of heat is required to vaporize 1 gm of water at 1000C. Determine the
entropy change involved in vaporizing 5 gm of water. (One calorie = 4.2J).
9. A glass flask is filled to the mark with 60 cm3 of mercury at 200C. If flask and its contents are
heated to 400C, how much mercury will be above the mark? ( for glass = 9 × 10-6 C-1 and
 for mercury = 182 × 10-6 C-1).

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10. 10 kg of water falls through a distance of 854 m and all the energy effective in heating the water.

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To what temperature will the water be raised if it was initially at 200C?
Specific heat of water = 4200 J/0C. Kg.
A charged particle of 17.7 C is close to positively charged thin sheet having surface

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11.
charge density 2 × 10-6 C/m2. Find the magnitude and direction of force acting on the
charged particle.

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12. A thin sheet of positive charge attracts a light charged sphere having charge 5 × 10-6
C with a force of 1.695 N. Calculate the surface charge density.
13.
(i)
(ii)
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A rectangular block of iron has the dimensions 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm × 15 cm
What is the resistance of the opposing square ends?
What is the resistance between two of the rectangular
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faces? (The resistivity of iron at room temperature is 9.6 × 10-8
ohm-m).
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14. Two resistance 10 Ohm and 50 Ohm are connected in series with a battery of 6 volts. Calculate:
(i) The charge down from the battery per minute.
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(ii) The power dissipated into 10 Ohm resistance.

15. You are given three resistors each of 2 ohm. How would you arrange these resistors to
obtain the equivalent resistance of: (1.5 Ohm, 3 Ohm and 6 Ohm). Also prove the result
mathematically.
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16 Find the current required produce a field induction B = 2.512 × 10-3 tesla in a 50 cm long
solenoid having 4000 turns of wire.
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17 A solenoid 10 cm long has a cross section of 10 cm2 with 35 turns on it. If a current of
10 Ampere is passed through it, find “B” in it. (o = 4 × 10-7 weber/Ampere meter).
18. An alpha particle is accelerated by potential difference is 1000 V. It then enters into a uniform magnetic
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field of induction B = 2.5 weber/m2 at an angle of 450 with the direction of the filed. Find the
radius of the path described by the electron . e = 1.6 × 10-19 C, mass of electron = 9.1 × 10-31 kg.
19. A maximum 50 mA current can be allowed to flow through a 19.8 ohm coil of
galvanometer. The galvanometer is used to be measure 5 Amp. Maximum current.
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Calculate the length of a copper wire to be used a shunt. The diameter of the wire is 4 mm,
the specific resistance of copper = 1.6 × 10-8 Ohm-meter.
20. Calculate the relativistic speed at which the mass of a particle became double its rest pass.

21. Compare the energy of a photon of wavelength 2 × 10-10 m with the energy of X-rays of
wavelength 2× 10-10 m. (h = 6.63 × 10-34 J-s ).
22. The range of visible light is 4000 A0 to 7000 A0. Will photoelectrons be emitted by a copper surfaceof work
function 4.4 eV when illuminated by visible light? Give the mathematical proof of your answer.

23. The work function of a metal is 2 eV. The light of wavelength 3000 A0 is made to fall on
it. Find the kinetic energy of the fastest emitted photoelectrons. (c = 3 × 108 m/s, h = 6.63 ×
10-34 J-s)
24. The work function of a certain metal is 3.0 eV. When this metal is illuminated by the infra-red light of
 1.2 × 1015 Hz, find the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons. (h = 6.63 ×
10-34 J-s).
25. Find the cut-off wavelength for a given metal whose work function is 4.14 eV. (h = 6.63 ×
10-34 J-s).
26. Find the shortest wavelength of the photon emitted in the balmer series and determines
its energyin eV. (RH = 1.097 × 107 m-1).
27. Calculate the longest & shortest wavelength of emitted photons in Hydrogen spectra in Pfund series.
RH = 1.097 × 107 m-1
28. The energy of an electron in an excited hydrogen atom is – 3.4 eV. Calculate the
angular momentum of the electron according to Bohr’s Theory. (h = 6.63 × 10-34
J-s)
29. Find the wavelength of light which is capable of ionizing a hydrogen atom. (R = 1.097 × 107 m-1)
30. A deuteron (3.3431 × 10-27 kg) is formed when a proton (1.6724 × 10-27 kg) and a
neutron (1.6748 × 10-27 kg) combine; calculate the mass defect and binding
energy (in MeV).

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What is APTITUDE Test in Education?

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An aptitude test is designed to assess what a person is capable of doing or to predict
what a person is able to learn or do given the right education and instruction. It

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represents a person's level of competency to perform a certain type of task.

Most Important Reasoning Questions

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Q.1. It is observed that when a mercury bulb of a glass thermometer is put in a flame, the column of
mercury first descends and then rises. Explain?
Ans:
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Since glass bulb is in direct contact with the flame therefore it expands first and the column of
mercury descends. But as soon as the heat reaches the liquid mercury, it expands and rises in the
column. This is because expansion of liquid mercury is greater than the glass bulb.
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Q.2. Why does a gas have two molar specific heats?
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Ans: The molar specific heat of the substance is defined as the heat required to change the temperature of
one mole of the substance through 1 K. In case of solids and liquids the change of volume and hence
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work done against external pressure during a change of temperature is negligibly small. But same
cannot be said about gases which suffer variation in pressure as well as in volume with the change in
temperature. Hence, to study the effect of heating on gases, either pressure or volume is kept constant.
Thus, it is customary to define the molar specific heats of a gas I two ways.
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Q.3. The molar heat capacities of polyatomic gases as compared to monoatomic gases are grater. Why?
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Ans: The internal energy (or absolute temperature) of an ideal gas depends only on random translational
kinetic energy. So, increasing the random translational kinetic energy increases the absolute
temperature of a monoatomic gas at constant volume. But when the temperature is increased by the
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same amount in a di- atomic or a poly-atomic gas, additional heat is needed to supply the increased
rotational and vibrational energies. This is why poly-atomic gases have larger molar heat capacities
than mono-atomic gases.
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Q.4. What happens to the temperature of a room in which an air conditioner is left running on a table in the
middle of a room?
Ans: Since both evaporator and condenser are with in the room, the temperature will increase instead of
falling down. This is because whatever heat is sucked by the evaporator from the room, more heat will
be thrown by the condenser in the room after doing work on it in order to maintain higher temperature
than the surrounding.
Q.5. Terminal potential difference and electromotive force. Both are measured in volts. What is
the difference between these two concepts?
Ans: Electromotive force refers to the available energy for per coulomb charge at the terminals of a
source when the source is not connected to any external circuit. Whereas potential difference refers
to the available energy at the terminals of a source when the source is connected to an external circuit.
In the said case some of the available energy is lost due to internal resistance of the source.
Q.6. How is the resistance of metallic conductor affected by variation in temperature?
Ans: The electrical resistance of most metals increases with the rise in temperature. Because atoms sitting
on their sites in metal start vibrating more violently about their mean position due to temperature
increase. This increases the probability of collision of free electrons with them which ultimately
affects the drift velocity of free electrons for a given applied voltage. As we know the electric current
depends the drift velocity of free electrons so with rising temperature the decrease of drift velocity is
attributed to the decrease in the electric current or the increase in the electrical resistance.

Q.7. What is the difference between magneto and A.C. generator? What is meant by frequency of
alternating current?
Ans: Any small generator employing a permanent magnet is commonly called a magneto and it is used
in ignitionsystem of petrol engines, motor bikes and motor boats, etc. The commercial a.c. generators
uses a d.c. electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet and therefore called alternators. The
performance of a.c. generator is more satisfactory when the armature is stationary and the field magnet
rotates around the armature.

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Stationary armature is called stator and rotating magnet is called rotor.
.

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Q.8. Why must an ammeter be always connected in series to a circuit?
Ans: Because its resistance is very small as compared to the total resistance of the circuit. Hence it does

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not alter the current begin measured. Whereas a voltmeter has very high resistance so it must be
connected in parallel.

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Q.9 Why a thick glass tumber cracks when boiling water is poured in it?
Ans. The inner surface of the thick glass tumber expands when boiling water is poured
in it.
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Glass has low thermal conductivity so expansion of outer surface takes longer to
expand. Due to uneven expansion of two surface the tumber cracks.
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Q.10. Explain why it is so much easier to remove an electron from an atom of large atomic
mass than it is remove a proton?
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Ans. In many atom proton are concentrated in the nuclei and electron move around
the nuclei. Each proton is binded each other with high binding force. So it is easy
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to remove an
electron rather than a proton.

Q.11. An air capacitor is charged to a certain electric potential difference. It is then

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immerged in a oil. What happen to its (a) Capacitance (b) Charge (c) Potential?
Ans. Oil takes the space of air as a dielectric medium. Hence:
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(a) Capacitance will increase r time, if r is dielectric constant of the oil.

(b) Charged saturated becomes unsaturated and it will acquire more charge.
(c) Its potential difference will decrease due to the polarization of oil molecules.
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Q.12. Two unlike capacitor of different potential and charges are joined in parallel. What
happen with their p.d. How are their charges distributed? Is the energy of the system
affected?
Ans. Their potential difference will become same as arithmetic mean of the potential
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differences of the both capacitors.

Charges will redistribute according to the relation Q1 = C1V Q2 = C2V
Theoretically energy should be conserved but practically slightly decrease due to
evaluation of heat.

Q.13. What is electric polarization? Define polarization density?

Ans. When a nonpolar dielectric is placed in an electric field, the negative and positive
charges shift in opposite directions. As a result the dielectric develops induced
dipole moments. This phenomenon is called electric polarization.
The induced dipole moments per unit volume is called polarization density.

Q.14. What is flux density and how it is related in the number of lines of induction expressed in Webers?
Ans. Magnetic flux density s defined as magnetic flux per unit area (B = /A). The unit of flux density is Weber
per m3 or (Tesla = T). Magnetic flux is the total number of magnetic lines of induction passing
 perpendicularly through an area ( = B A). Its unit is Weber2 (1Wb = 1Tm2). Hence magnetic flux density
refers to the number of lines of induction in Weber square m .

Q.15. What is the function of the concave poles and coaxial soft-iron cylinder in the moving coil galvanometer?
Ans. The function of the concave poles and coaxial soft-iron cylinder is to make the magnetic field radial
and stronger even for an small amount of electric current.
Q.16. Why is it necessary to have some form of controlling couple in the moving coil galvanometer?
Ans. Controlling couple is necessary to control the motion of the coil. It is proportional to the electric current
to be measured. It is produced by using spring control method, which consists of two hair springs
attached to the spindle wound in the opposite directions. As the coil rotates, the spring winds up and
produces a counter torque. The coil comes to rest the final deflection of the pointer is given, when the
deflecting torque is counter balanced by the controlling torque.

Q.17. What is meant by sensitivity of a galvanometer? On what factors do it depends? How can we have
large sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer?

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Ans. Sensitivity of galvanometer means a minimum amount of current produced maximum deflection. The
sensitivity of a galvanometer is the current in micro-amperes required to cause a deflection of 1mm or

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the one smallest division.
I in u A
S=
 in divi

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Since I = K,  hence the galvanometer is resistive if K is small ( K =

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C/BAN) Sensitivity depends on C couple per unit twist.
N = number of turns “A” area of coil “B” strength of the magnetic field.

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For large sensitivity, a soft-iron core is used inside the coil and the pole is made radial. This makes
the Bstronger and radial.
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Q.18. What do you understand by a frame of reference and what are inertial frames?
Ans. The position, velocity, displacements, acceleration can be located with reference to a certain
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coordinate systemis called frame of reference.

The frame of reference which is either in rest or moving with constant velocities is known as inertial
frame of reference. Moreover, it has zero linear or rotational acceleration. Newton’s laws hold good in
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such a frame. All inertial frames of reference are equivalent.

Q.19. In the photoelectric effect the energy of a photoelectron is less than that of incident photon. Explain.
Ans. When light radiates i.e. photon strikes a metal surface it transfers it entire energy on some electron in
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the absorbing surface. If energy of photon hv exceeds the energy required by the electron in work
against the binding force is to the surface (o). It will be emitted with some energy.
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As KE = hv  o Hence, the KE is always less than hvo simply we can say that photoelectron has less
energy than photon.
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Q.20. Explain the difference between laser light and light from an incandescent bulb.
Ans. Laser light and light from an incandescent Lamp has the following Main differences.
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S.#. Laser light Incandescent light

1. It is produced by eliminated emission or radiation. It is produced due to spontaneous emission of
radiation.
2. It is highly monochromatic. It is mixture of several wavelength.
3. It consists of coherent waves. It does not consist of coherent wave.
4. It consist of unidirectional waves. It consists of all directional waves.
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
XII - Chemistry Prepared by: S. Rashid Ali
IST)
Chapter No. 1 (Chemistry of Representative Elements) :
 Write chemical formulae and one use of the following compounds:
* Caustic Soda * Bleaching powder * Baking soda * Borax * Potash alum * Washing soda
 What happen when following elements react with Oxygen and Nitrogen:
(Write only balanced chemical equation).
* Magnesite * Phosphorous * Silicon * Sulphur * Sodium * Aluminium
 What is meant by a diagonal relationship? Mention three pair of representative elements that show diagonal relationship.
 How caustic soda is prepared by Castner-Kellenr’s process? Draw diagram of the cell.

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 Give a brief account and uses of Bleaching powder and Unique behavior of Be in group II-A
 Give equations for the following:

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* Sulphuric acid reacts with C6H6 * Caustic soda reacts with Chlorine gas
*SO3 reacts with H2SO4 *Magnesium metal put in boiling water

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* A piece of Al is dipped in Conc. H2SO4 *Potassium put in ethyl alcohol
* Auto oxidation Reduction of Cl2 * Dehydration of Sugar
* Aqueous solution of NaOH reacts with Al * Give reasons of the following statements:

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* Elements of group I-A and II-A are very reactive and readily lose their valence electrons.
* Electronegativity decreases down the group * Order of strength of acidity of hydrogen halide is
*HI>HBr>HCl>HF. Why?
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*NaOH is commonly known as Caustic soda.
* Atomic radius increases down the group. *Fluorine is strongest oxidizing agent.
*Gallium has smaller atomic radii than Aluminium despite being below the aluminum in group III-A
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* Complete and balance following equations:
* NaI + Cl2
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* H2SO4 + C6H12O6
* CaOCl2 + HCl
* CaOCl2 + HCl
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* S + H2SO4
* FeCl3 + NaOH
* H2S2O7 + H2O
* Na + H2O
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*What is Oil of Vitriol? Draw a flow sheet diagram of contact process and describe various steps involved in
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the manufacturing of Oil of Vitriol.

Chapter No. 2 (Chemistry of Outer Transition Elements) :

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What is alloy? Give composition and applications of Stainless steel, Brass and Bronze.
 Explain why?
 Zn+2 is white while Hydrated Cu+2 is blue.
 Ligands are generally Lewis bases.
 H2O and NH3 are act as ligands while H3O+ and NH4+ are not.
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 Transition elements form complex compounds.

 Transition elements are good catalyst.
 Cr and Cu show irregular electronic configuration.
 Transition elements have ability to form alloys.
 Give equations of the following:
 Permanganate reacts with Oxalic aicd
 Iron reacts with Chlorine
 Dichromate reacts with Ferrous sulphate
 Concentrated nitric acid reacts with Copper
 Complete and balance following equations:
* Fe + O2 * Cu2S + O2
* Cr + HCl * Mn + H2SO4
* Cr + O2 * Mn + O2
 Give a brief account on: * Potassium di chroate * Potassium per manganate * Lunar Caustic
 What is Metallurgy? How pure copper is obtained by its sulphide ore.
 Discuss following properties of transition metals:
* Variable oxidation states * Magnetic properties
* Formation of coloured compounds
 Write IUPAC names of the following complex compounds:
* K4[Fe(CN)6] * [Co(H2O)6]SO4 * KMnO4 * [Pt(CN)6]-2 * K2[Ti(OH)4]
*[Co(en)3]Cl3 * NH4[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2] * Ni(CO)4 * [Cu(NH3)5Cl]NO3
Chapter No. 3 (Organic Compounds):
 Write different types of Coal and how do they differ from each other?
 Write a note on: * Reforming of Petroleum * Bucky Ball * Homologous series
 Describe natural sources of organic compounds and What are the various products obtained by
destructive distillation of coal.

Chapter No. 4 (Nomenclature of Organic Compounds):

 Write IUPAC names of the following organic compounds:
* CH3-CH(C2H5)-CH(CH3)-CH3 * CH2=CH-CH2-C(CH3)=CH2
*C2H5-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2 * CH3-CO-NH2
* CH3-CH2-NH2 * HO-CH2-CH2-OH

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* OHC-CH2-CHO * CH3-O-C(CH3)3
* CH3COOC2H5 *CH3-CO-CH2-COOH

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* CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-CHO *(C6H5)3CBr
* BrC(CH3)2-CHO * HOOC-COOH

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* C2H5-Cl * CH3-CO-Cl
* (CH3)4C * CH3COCH3
* HCOOCH3

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 Draw structures of the following:

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* 1,3-pentadiyne * 1,3,5-hexatriene * 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane * iso-pentane *1,2,3-bemzentriol
*Butanoyl Iodide * Picric acid * TNT * Carbolic acid * Ethyl neo-pentyl Ether * Formaldehyde
* Formic aicd * m-chloroacetophenone * Glycerol
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Chapter No. 5(Hydrocarbons) :
 Discuss MOT of Ethyne and Benzene.
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 Define: Free radical, Electrophile, Chiral carbon, Optical activity, Enantiomers, Aromatic
hydrocarbons, Cis-trans Isomers,
 Explain why:
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* Ethyne terminal hydrogen is acidic. * Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reaction.

* Olefins are more reactive than Paraffins.
 What is Markownikoff’s rule? Explain with suitable examples.
 Distinguish following pairs of organic compounds by simple chemical test:
* Alkane and Alkene * Aliphatic and Aromatic compound * Alkene and Alkyne
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 Give equation of the following:

* Epoxidation of Ethene * Polymerization of Ethene * Hydrohalogenation of Ethyne
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* Dehalogenation of vicinal-dichloroethane * Sulphonation of Benzene

* Acetylene reacts with water in presence of HgSO4 and H2SO4 at 750C
*Ethyne reacts with O3 * Dehydration of Ethyl alcohol
* Nitration of Benzoic acid * Chlorination of Benzene
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 Complete and balance following equations:

* CH2=CH-CH3 + HBr
* C2H5Br + KOH
* C6H6 + Cl2 (hv)
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* C2H2Br2 + KOH
* C2H2 + Br2
* C6H6 + Cl2 FeCl3
 What are Ortho-para and Meta directing groups? How will you prepare:
* TNT from Benzene * m-dinitrobenzene from Benzene
* m-nitrotoluene from Benzene * Benzoic acid from Benzene
 Discuss stepwise reaction mechanism of Nitration and Acylation of benzene & Chlorination of
methane.
 What do you understand by Isomerism? Discuss structural isomerism with its type and example.

Chapter No. 6 (Alkyl Halides and Amines) :

 What are alkyl halides and Amines? How are they classified?
 What are Organometallic compounds? How Grignard’s reagent prepares and how will you prepare
following from Grignard’s reagent:
* Acetic acid * Ethane * Acetone
 Explain the mechanism of SN1 and SN2 reactions with example.
 Give equations for the following reactions:
* Reaction between CH3Cl and NaOH * Reaction between C2H5Br and KOH
* Reaction of Ter-butyl chloride with sodium cyanide * Ethyl diazonium salt form Amine
* Reaction of Iso-propyl Alcohol with PCl3 * Reduction of Ethyl Cyanide
* Reaction of Ethyl alcohol with Thionyl chloride * Formation of Shiff’s base from Acetaldehyde
 What do you understand by Carbonium ion? Discuss stability of various types of carbonium ions.
Chapter No. 7 (Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers):
 What are Alcohols? How Monohydric alcohols are classified? Write at least one preparation of each class.
 What are phenols? How are they classified? Write preparation of phenol by Down’s process and
Sodium benzene sulphonate.
 Give reasons why?
* Phenol (carbolic acid) is more acidic than ethyl alcohol.
*Boiling point of Ether is less than alcohol. *Alcohols are soluble than water.
 With the help of balanced chemical equation explain acidic behavior of:
* Phenol (Carbolic acid) * Ethyl Alcohol
 Identify each of the following with tow laboratory tests:
* Alcohol * Phenol
 Give equation of the following:

D
* Ethylene glycol reacts with per iodic acid * Nitration of Phenol with concentrated Nitric acid
* Ether formation from Williamson’s synthesis * Oxidation of Phenol * Oxidation of Sec-propyl

A
alcohol * Phenol reacts with bromine water * Reduction of Acetic acid in presence of LiAlH4
* Phenol reacts with H2SO4 at High temperature * Reduction of Formaldehyde
 Draw the structure and give IUPAC names of following compounds:

M
* Catechol *Hydroquinone * Pyrogallol * Picric acid * Resorcinol * Neo-pentyl alcohol
 Complete and balance following equations:

H
* C2H5OH + PCl3
* C6H5N=NCl + H2O
* C2H5OH + heat/1400C
* C6H5OH + Br2/CCl4
* CH3COCH3 + H2/NaBH4
A
A
* C2H5-O-C2H5 + HCl
IR

Chapter No. 8 (Carbonyl Compounds-I: Aldehydes and Ketones):

 Distinguish Aldehyde and Ketone by two simple chemical tests:

RA

Give reasons why?

* Formaldehyde is highly soluble in water as compared to other aldehydes.
* Boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are lower than alcohol.
* Oxidation of Aldehyde is faster than Ketone.
 Give equation of the following:
U

* Reduction of Acetone * Reduction of Acetaldehyde *Oxidation of Acetone

* Formation of Oxime form Formaldehyde * Formation of Sec-alcohol from aldenyde
H

*Clemmensen Reduction * Acetone reacts with Hydroxyl amine * Formaldehyde reacts with
Hydrogen cyanide
 Differentiate between:
BU

* Acid catalyzed nucleophilic addition and Base catalyzed nucleophilic addition in

* Aldehyde and Ketone
 Complete and balance following equations:
* CH3CHO + HO-NH2
A

* CH3-CHO + NH2-NH2
* CH3COCH3 + [H]/Zn(Hg)
* CH3CHO + [O]/PCC
* HCHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH
* CH3CHO + H2/LiAlH4
Chapter No. 9: (Carbonyl Compounds-II: Carboxylic acid and Functional
Derivatives):
 What do you understand by Acid derivatives? Write their names and one preparation of each from
Acetic acid.
 Write structure, chemical name, occurrence and industrial applications of:
* Formic acid * Acetic acid * Valeric acid * Caproic acid
 Give equation of the following:
* Esterification * Hydrolysis of methyl cyanide * Oxidation of Ethyl benzene
* Acetic acid reacts with PCl5 * Reduction of Acetic acid
* Acetic acid heated in presence of P2O5
 Write atleast one industrial application of:
* Butyric acid * Malic acid * Salicylic acid * Tartaric acid * Acetamide
 Complete and balance following equations:
* CH3COOH + SOCl2
* CH3COONa + NaOH
* CH3COOH + PCl3
K Cr O H SO
* CH3CHO + [O] 2 2 7/ 2 4
* CH3-Mg-Cl + CO2
* CH3COOH + NH3

Chapter No. 10 (Biochemistry) :

 Define following terms:
*Glycosidic linkage * Saponification * Peptide linkage * Steroids * Rancidity * Zweitter ion
 What are carbohydrates? How are they classified? Give biological importance of Glucose, Fructose,
Lactose and Sucrose.
 What are Minerals? Give biological significance of Calcium, Iron, Zinc and Phosphorous.

D
 Write importance of Protein and Lipids in human body.
Chapter No. 11 (Industrial Chemistry):

A
 What is polymer and polymerization? Define addition and condensation polymerization with
preparation, properties and uses of PVC and Nylon.


M
What are adhesives? Explain the significance of Epoxy resins, Silicon resins and Super glue.
 What are pesticides? Explain various types of pesticides along with their specific use.
 Define: * Analgesics * Antipyretic medicines * Anti Inflammatory medicine *Anihistamines

H
 Write use of: * Polyester * Ammonium nitrate * Enamel paints * Acrylic * Urea * Portland slag
cement (PSC)
Chapter No. 12 (Environmental Chemistry):
 A
What is Environmental chemistry? Discuss various parts of earth’s environment and atmospheric
layers of earth’s atmosphere.
A
 Discuss various parameters of drinking water.
 What is catalytic converter? How does catalytic converter contribute to reducing air pollution?

IR

Write a note on: * Acid rain * Global warming * Depletion of ozone layer * Industrial smog
Chapter No. 13 (Spectroscopy):
 What is NMR spectroscopy? How does it works? Give its applications.
RA

 What is spectroscopy? Write its advantages and applications.

 What information about the structure of a molecule we can get from mass spectroscopy? Give the
applications of mass spectroscopy.
U
H
BU
A
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H
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U

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BU

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A

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XII- Computer Science Prepared By: Prof, Khawar Hussain
Section A
“Solve all MCQs of Five Years.
Important Questions For Section “B”
(Short Questions Answers)

1. What is programming error? Name the error which is detected at the time of compilation
2. What is meant by case-sensitive language? Give one example.
3. Write the basic Structure of a C Program
4. What is “#include”. Give one example.
5. What is IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

D
6. Define the Rules for declaring Identifiers.
7. Define any five Escape sequences in C with examples.

A
8. Define any five Format Specifiers / Conversion with examples

M
9. Write the Precedence OR Hierarchy of Operators in C
10. Define any four Standard Library Functions Or Built in functions
11. What is address of operator (ampersand &)?. Give an example

H
12. Explain Unconditional control transfer (goto).

14. What is a function? Write its three uses.

15. What is a Function Prototype/Declaration?
A
13. Define “ if-else” selection/conditional control structures in C
A
16. Define any three File opening modes
IR

Database

1. What is Database? Give any three advantages.

RA

2. What is a Primary key? Write its uses.

3. Define one-to-one and one-to-many Relationships with an example.
4. Define any three objects of Database.
U

5. What is a Table in Database? Give an example.

H

Solve 5 years conversion of mathematical expression into “C” expressions

Differentiate Between
BU

1. Formatted input and Unformatted input functions

2. & and &&
3. = and ==
A

4. switch and else-if

5. while and do while loop
6. break and continue
7. Local and Global variable
8. Primary key and Foreign Key
9. Query and Report
10. Data file and Database

-1 -
 Write the output of the following programs
void main(void)
{int i,j;
void main(void)
for (i=1;i<=5;i++) { int i;
int number, sum = 0;
{for (j=1; j<=i;j++)
for(i=1; i <= 10; ++i)
printf("%d",j);
{printf("Enter a n%d: ",i);
printf("\n");} scanf("%d",&number);
{ if(number < 0)
getch();}
goto A; }

D
sum += number; }

A
A: printf("Sum = %.2f",sum); }

M
Important Questions For Section “C”

H
(Detailed Questions Answers)
1.
2.
What is data? Explain basic data types in “C”.
A
What is a Iteration Control Structure (Loop)? Define its different types of in “C” with syntax.
A
3. What is meant by I/O functions? Explain all I/O functions in “C” with an example.
IR

4. Explain switch with syntax and an example.

5. Explain the basic operators used in “C” programs.
RA

6. Explain data types in MS Access.

7. Explain Database Models with an example.
U

8. What is Relationship in Database? Explain its types with advantages.

Some important programs
H

1. Factorial of number (with and without function)

BU

2. Find the largest number among three inputted numbers

3. Table of any inputted number.
4. List of Even or Odd numbers
A

5. Swapping (interchange) of two numbers.

6. Find the sum and average of five entered numbers.
Write a program using any loop to draw these patterns.
(a) (b) (c)
12345
***** 1 1234
***** 22 123
***** 333 12
***** 4444 1
***** 55555

-2 -
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
XII- Botany Prepared by Prof, Laeeq Ahmed:

Chapter 22
Short Question ANSWERS:
Q1. Why replication is called semi-conservative process?
Q2. Are DNA genes of prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cells are different in structure if so give the main differences between
them?
Q3. Give the name of enzymes involved in replication of DNA; also give their brief functions.

D
Q4. Is mutation always harmful?
Detail Question Answers:

A
Q1. Describe the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

M
Q2. Describe the semi conservative process of DNA replication?
Q3. Describe the process of Transcription during gene expression
Chapter 23

H
Short Question ANSWERS:

A
Q1. What do you mean by sex-influenced trait?
Q2. Differentiate between following
A
a) Linkage and crossing over
b) Monohybrid Cross and Dihybrid Cross
IR
c) X- linked trait and Y- linked trait
d) Autosomes and sex-chromosome
RA

e) Incomplete dominance and Co-dominance

f) Universal blood donor and universal blood acceptor.
Q3. What do you mean by dichromacy and monochromacy?
Q4. What is test cross.
U

Q5. What is crossing over and chiasmata formation.

Q6. Draw human male and female Karyotype.
H

Detail Question Answers:

Q1. Describe inheritance of two traits with the help of genetic cross / Explain Law of independent assortment with the
BU

help of checker board?

Q2. Explain sex determination in human and sex linked (x-linked) trait with genetic cross.
Q3. What is polygenic inheritance? Explain poly genic inheritance with wheat grain colour and human skin colour?
A

Q4. State and explain Mendel law of segregation with the help of Punette’s square.
Q5. What are multiple alleles explain multiple alleles with reference to blood groups in man.
Chapter 24
Short Question ANSWERS:
Q1. Different between the following:
a) Special Creation and Evolution
c) Invagination theory and Endosymbiosis theory
e) Convergent and Divergent evolution
Q2. What are analogous organs? Give example.
Q3. What do understand by the “descent with modification”.
Q4. How Neo-Darwinism differs from Darwinism?
Q5. How the sympatric speciation differs from parapatric speciation?
Q6. Justify Lamarck as an early proponent of evolution.
Q7. State Hardy-Weinberg theorem? Write down Hardy-Weinberg Equation.
Detail Question Answers:
Q1. State and explain the contribution of Lamarck in organic evolution / Theory of inheritance of acquired characters.
Q2. Discuss the process of origin of single cell Eukaryotes.
Q3. What is speciation? Explain different ways of speciation.
Q4. Describe the Theory of Natural Selection.
Chapter 25
Short Question ANSWERS:
Q1. Why biogeochemical cycle is named so?

D
Q2. How does ecological succession affect the community?
Q3. What are the cause of ozone layer depletion?

A
Q4. Different between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Q5. Differentiate between xerach and Hydrach Succession.

M
Q6. What are ecological pyramids. Name three different ecological pyramids.
Q7. What is acid rain. Write down causes of acid rain.

H
Detail Question Answers:

A
Q1. What is a biogeochemical cycle? Explain nitrogen cycle in detail.
Q2. What is succession? Describe different stages of Xerach or hydrach succession.
Q3. What are conventional and non conventional energy resources. Write down benefits and drawback of traditional
A
energy sources.
Chapter 26
IR

Short Question ANSWERS:

Q1. Why Amp R and Lac Z are used in construction of rDNA?
RA

Q2. What do you mean by RFLPs?

Q3. Why restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors?
Q4. What are transgenic organisms? What are the main objectives of transgenic plants.
U

Q5. What is genetic counseling?

Detail Question Answers:
H

Q1. What is DNA sequencing? and how has it been used to study genetic mutations and diseases?
Q2. Describe the process of creating genomic maps and explain how this technology has been used to study genes and
BU

diseases.
Q3. What is recombinant DNA molecule. Discuss various steps involved in recombinant DNA technology.
Q4. What is gene therapy. Describe two main method of gene therapy . Explain gene therapy for cystic fibrosis,
Chapter 27
A

Short Question ANSWERS:

Q1. Why vaccination is important for infectious disease?
Q2. What do you mean by integrated diseases and its management?
Q3. Name different vaccines use against Polio, Measles, Hepatitis and Tetanus.
Detail Question Answers:
Q1. Explain vaccination and its importance.
Q2. Describes the role of microbes in food processing and sewage treatments.
Q3. What are the latest techniques applied to enhance crop and fruit yield.
Q4. What is home gardening. Describe importance of home gardening.
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
XII- English By: Malik Muhammad Muneer Hussain
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)
 Must read all the chapters, poems and play thoroughly from textbook.
 Must remember the name of author and poet, era of all poets and theme of every poem.
 In prose & play, remember the names of characters, all the dates mentioned and places names.
Section B (Short Answer Questions)
Sub Section I (Prose)

D
1. Give a brief character sketch of the killer or the justified killer with reference to the play “TWENTY MINUTES
WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB”.

A
2. Whose suitcase plays vital role in taking revenge in the play “TWENTY MINUTES WITH MRS. OAKENTUBB”.
Discuss.

M
3. Why does Bertrand Russel consider it useless to resist industrialization?
4. What do you understand by the term “The Spinning Wheel”? Was Ghandi remained successful in restoring the
Spinning Wheel?

H
5. What do you understand by the term “Cosmopolitanism”?
6. How did Lieutenant Colonel or Dr. Mallory behave in the story “THE DAY THE DAM BROKE”?

A
7. What is the main theme of the lesson entitled “THE DAY THE DAM BROKE”?
8. What do you know about Liaquat Ali Khan with special reference to his speech under the subject of “Pakistan
and the Modern World?”
A
9. What main differences did Liaquat Ali Khan point out between the Muslims and the Hindus beliefs and
attitudes in his speech?
IR
10. What purpose, in your opinion is served by beginning of the play “Act III of the Silver Box” with the case of the
Livens girls, which has nothing to do with the main story?
11. What system is criticized by the author in the lesson “Act III of the Silver Box?”
RA

12. Who was Schopenhauer? What was his famous saying according to the lesson “THE WORLD AS I SEE IT”?
13. What is Einstein’s attitude towards war? What forces or elements does Einstein blame for the persistence of war?
14. Why was the story of Hans and the Miller applicable to the Water-rat?
15. What reasons do we have to say that the Miller was a selfish person? What was the worst example of his nature?
U

16. Whom do you consider a devoted friend, Miller or Hans? Give reasons for your answer.
17. How long did the panic last and how was the order restored?
H

18. What is Democracy and its merits? State your answer with reference to Einstein’s views in the text, The World
as I See it.
19. Write the importance of both the suitcases discussed in the play, Twenty Minutes with Mrs Oakentubb.
BU

20. What concept of freedom is highlighted in the speech delivered by Liaquat Ali Khan?
Sub Section II (Novel)
1. “Rupert is really a dare-devil”. Comment.
2. Who persuaded Rudolf Rassendyll to impersonate the King and why?
A

3. Describe the ceremony of coronation, taken place at the cathedral.

4. Why did Antonette de Mauban send a letter to Rudolf Ressendyll? Describe the letter.
5. What did Antonette de Mauban tell Rudolf Ressendyll in the meeting with him at the summerhouse?
6. How did Rudolf Rassendyll escape from the summerhouse?
7. What arrangement did Colonel Sapt and Fritz make for restoring the King’s popularity among the people of
Ruritania?
8. What does Rudolf Ressendyll feel after his meeting with Princess Flavia at the ball?
9. What instructions did Rudolf Ressendyll give to Marshall Strakencz as the King?
10. How did Rudolf Rassendyll make a reconnaissance to the Castle of Zenda in order to view the plan of attack?
11. How did Johann help Rudolf Rassendyll to prepare his final plan of attack at the Castle of Zenda?
12. What plan does Rudolf prepare to attack the Castle of Zenda after receiving information from Johann?
13. How was Black Michael killed unexpectedly?
14. How does Princess Flavia learn that Rudolf Rassendyll is not the real King? And how did she behave after that?
15. Who deserves to be the King of Ruritania? Justify your answer.
16. Why does Madame de Mauban turn against Black Micheal?
17. What is meant by morganatic marriage? Relate this to the novel, The Prisoner of Zenda.
18. Who were the Six? And what services did they perform?
19. Who arranged the “ball”? And what was the outcome of it?
20. Briefly comment on the decision of Princess Flavia in the chapter, If Love were all.
Sub Section III (Poem)
1. What is the central idea of the poem “THE SEVEN AGES OF MAN”?
2. What is the status of men and women in this world according to William Shakespeare?
3. Give the main idea of the poem “THE MAN OF LIFE UPRIGHT”.
4. Why does the heart of an upright man be guiltless and free from all dishonest deeds?
5. Why does the heart of an upright man not feel any thought of vanity?
6. How did Samson take revenge from his enemies?
7. Why does Alexender Pope consider death as a great teacher?
8. Why does the poet ask man to make hope for a better future in the poem “LINES FROM AN ESSAY ON MAN”?
9. What is meant by Elegy? Describe the main idea of the poem “AN ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY
CHURCHYARD”

D
10. . What things of beauty did Keats find most inspiring in the poem “ENDYMION”?
11. “A THING OF BEAUTY IS A JOY FOREVER”. Explain the line in your own words.

A
12. Describe the moral of the poem “Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth”?
13. What message does the poet, Alfred Tennyson, want to convey through the symbolic character of Ulysses?

M
14. The poem, Seven Ages of Man, is full of comparisons. Justify.
15. What is the theme of the poem, The Lost Star?

H
16. What three examples were presented in the poem, Say not the Struggle Naught Availeth.
17. What is meant by an everlasting love in the light of the poem, Music when Soft Voices Die?
18. “Death closes all”. Elucidate your answer with reference to the poem, Ulysses.

A
19. The music in my heart I bore Long after it was heard Explain the above lines with reference to the poem and poet.
20. Why did John Keats title his poem, ENDYMION? To what extent con Keats be compared to Endymion?
Sub Section IV (Grammar Section)
A
 Phrasal Verbs
IR
Look up the notes
 Pair of Words
Look up the notes
RA

 Match the Column (Word/Meanings)

Look up the notes
Section C (Descriptive Answer Questions)
U

Important Essays
*The Role of Media *The Role of Artificial Intelligence *PSL 2024
H

*Science a Curse or a Blessing *The Impact of Climate Change *Election 2024

*Problems of Karachi City *Rights of Women in Islam *Cyber Crimes
*The Impact of Social Media *Democracy in Pakistan *Role of Youth in Society
BU

Character Sketches From Novel

*Rudolf Rassendyll *Princess Flavia * Madam de Mauban
Black Micheal *Colonel Sapt *Rupert
OR
A

Critical Appreciation Of Poems

*Seven Ages of Man *Samson Agonists *Endymion
*Ulysses *An Essay on Man *Say Not the Struggle
Naught Availeth
Narration
Practice, as directed in the class.
Reading Comprehension Passage
Practice, as directed in the class.
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
Mathematics-XII Prepared by: Yousuf Bhatti
Important Questions for Section B and C
Unit Number 1

(Introduction To Symbolic Package: Maple)

D
EXERCISE 1: Q4,5,6,7,8,9,10
Unit Number 2 (Functions And Limits)

A
EXERCISE 2.1: Q5,Q6

M
EXERCISE 2.3:Q2,Q3(ii),Q6(v,xvii),Q7(iii,viii),Q8(iv)
EXERCISE 2.4: Q4,5,6,7,9

H
Unit Number 3 (Differentiation)
EXERCISE 3.1: Q2(i),Q3

A
EXERCISE 3.2:Q1(iii,iv,vii,viii)
EXERCISE 3.4:Q2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12,13
A
EXERCISE 3.5:Q2(v),Q4,Q5
EXERCISE 3.6:Q1(I,iii,v),Q2(I,iii)
IR

Unit Number 4
RA

(Higher Order Derivatives And Applications)

EXERCISE 4.1: Q7,Q9
EXERCISE 4.2:Q1(I,iv) Q2(iii,iv)
U

EXERCISE 4.3:Q1,2,3,6
H

EXERCISE 4.4: Q3(ii,iv,v),Q4,Q5

Unit Number 5
BU

(Differentiation Of Vector Function)

EXERCISE 5.1:Q1,2,4,5
EXERCISE 5.2: Q1,Q3,Q4,Q5
A

Unit Number 6:(Integration)

EXERCISE 6.1:Q2,Q3,Q4
EXERCISE 6.2:Q1(iv,v,vii,ix),Q2,Q3,Q4(iv,v,vi,vii,viii,ix,x,xi,xii,xiv,xx)
EXERCISE 6.3:Q1,Q3,Q5,Q6,Q8,Q13,Q16,17,20
EXERCISE 6.4:Q1(I,iii,iv,v,viii),Q2(ii,vi,x),Q3(ii,vi,vii,ix),Q4(I,ii,iii,iv)
EXERCISE 6.5:Q1,Q2,Q5,Q6,Q7,Q8,Q11,Q12
EXERCISE 6.6:Q1(I,v),Q2(I,iii,iv,v,vi,vii,ix,x),Q3(9,iii,iv,v,vi),Q7(I,iii,iv),Q8
EXERCISE 6.7:Q3,4,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,15
 Unit Number 7
(Plane Analytical Geometry Straight Line )
EXERCISE 7.1:Q2,3,5,9,10,11,12,14,16,17,18
EXERCISE 7.2:Q5,Q6,Q7,Q8
EXERCISE 7.3:Q6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13
EXERCISE 7.4:Q3
EXERCISE 7.5:Q5,Q6,Q7,Q9,Q10,Q11,Q12
EXERCISE 7.6:Q1,Q3
EXERCISE 7.7:Q1,Q4
EXERCISE 7.8:Q2,Q4,Q5

D
Unit Number 8 (Circle)
EXERCISE 8.1:Q2,Q4,Q5

A
EXERCISE 8.2:Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7,Q8,Q9,Q11,Q12,Q13

M
EXERCISE 8.3:Q2,Q4,Q6,Q9,Q11,Q12,Q13,Q15
Unit Number 9 (Parabola Ellipse And Hyperbola)

H
EXERCISE 9.1:Q2,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7,Q9,Q10
EXERCISE 9.2:Q1,Q3,Q5,Q7

A
EXERCISE 9.3:Q1,Q2,Q6,Q7,Q8,Q9
EXERCISE 9.4:Q1,Q2,Q5,Q6,Q7
A
EXERCISE 9.5:1,2,3,4,5,6,7
EXERCISE 9.6:Q1,Q5,
IR
Unit Number 10 (Differential Equations)
EXERCISE 10.1:Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5
RA

EXERCISE 10.2:Q1,2,3,4,5,6,7
EXERCISE 10.3:Q1,2,3
Unit Number 11 (Partial Diffentiation)
U

EXERCISE: Q1,2,3,4,5,6
H

Unit Number 12
BU

(Introduction To Numerical Method)

EXERCISE 12.1: Q1
EXERCISE 12.2:Q1,2,3
A

EXERCISE 12.3:Q1,2,3,4,6
EXERCISE 12.4:Q1(I,iii) Q2 (I,III),Q3(I,II,IV)
 ‫‪PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24‬‬
‫‪Pak- Studies - XII‬‬ ‫‪Prepared by: Salman Ahmed‬‬
‫حصہ "الف"‬
‫حصہ الف کثیر االنتخابی سواالت پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے اس کی تیاری کے لئے پچھلے دس سالہ پرچہ جات‬
‫کی مدد لیں۔‬
‫" ب"‬ ‫اہم موضوعات برائے حصہ‬
‫‪ ‬اسالم سے قبل بر صغیر کے حاالت‬
‫‪ ‬دو قومی نظریہ‬
‫‪ ‬نظریہ پاکستان‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫قیام پاکستان کے مقاصد‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬آل انڈیا مسلم لیگ کے قیام کے اغراض و مقاصد‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬قائد اعظم ؒ کے ‪ 14‬نکات‬
‫‪ 1973 ‬کے آئین کی اسالمی دفعات‬

‫‪M‬‬
‫سقوط ڈھاکہ کے اسباب‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬پا کستان کے جغرافیائی مح ِل وقوع کی اہمیت‬

‫‪H‬‬
‫‪ ‬پاکستان کی ثقافت کے نمایاں خدوخال‬
‫‪ ‬اردو کا بحیثیت قومی زبان کردار‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬سندھی زبان کی اہمیت‬
‫‪ ‬سندھ کے مشہور شعراء‬
‫‪ ‬پاکستان کے شہری اور دیہی عالقوں کا فرق‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ ‬پاکستان کی خارجہ پالیسی کے رہنما اصول‬
‫‪IR‬‬
‫اہم موضوعات برائے حصہ "ج"(تفصیلی جواب کے سواالت۔‬
‫نظریہ پاکستان‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪RA‬‬

‫‪ 1040‬تا ‪ 1947‬کے درمیان درپیش آنے والے اہم سیاسی واقعات‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫قیام ِ پاکستان کے بعد آنے والے ابتدائی مسائل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪U‬‬

‫آئین ِ پاکستان ‪ 1973‬کی اسالمی دفعات‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫پاکستان کے معدنی وسائل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪H‬‬

‫پاکستان کے جغرافیائی محل ِ وقوع کی اہمیت‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪BU‬‬

‫پاکستان کی ثقافت کے نمایاں خدو خال‬

‫بطور قومی زبان اردو کی اہمیت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫پاکستان کے زرعی مسائل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
Pak- Studies XII Prepared by: Salman Ahmed
Section A
“Solve all MCQs of Five Years.

Important Questions For Section “B”

(Short Questions Answers)
 Condition of South Asia before advent of Islam

D
 Two Nation Theory


A
Ideology of Pakistan
 Causes of the demands for Pakistan

M
 Aim and objectives of All India Muslim League
 14 Points of Quaid e Azam

H
 Islamic Provisions of 1973 Constitution
 Fall of East Pakistan

A
 Importance of Location of Pakistan
 Salient features of Culture of Pakistan
A
 Urdu as National Language

IR
Sindhi Language
 Sindhi Poets
 Difference between Rural & Urban Society
RA

 Guiding Principles of Foreign Policy of Pakistan

Important Questions For Section “C”

U

(Descriptive Questions Answers)

 Ideology of Pakistan
H

 Important Political Events between 1940 – 1947

 Initial Problems of Pakistan
BU

 Islamic Provisions of 1973 Constitution

 Natural Resources of Pakistan
 Importance of Location of Pakistan
A

 Salient features of Culture of Pakistan

 Importance of Urdu as National Language
 Agriculture Problems of Pakistan
 Foreign Policy of Pakistan
 PREPARATION PAPER 2023-24
Zoology - XII Prepared by: Prof. Adnan Mujahid

Important Information: Remember this is not a guess paper. The preparation material serves as a
guide on how to begin your studies."
Information for MCQs (Section – A)
"To tackle multiple-choice questions effectively, carefully read your textbook line by line and
use a highlighter to mark all significant points."

Important Questions For Section ‘B’

D
Chapter No. 15 (Homeostasis)
Non reasoning questions:

A
i. What is homeostasis also mention the elements of homeostasis?
ii. Describe role of hormones in the renal physiology.

M
iii. Define feed-back mechanism.
iv. What is thermoregulation? Explain with reference to mammals.
Reasoning questions:

H
i. Why is homeostasis crucial for the survival and overall well-being of animals?
ii. Why do animals need to regulate their internal temperature within a narrow range, and

A
how does homeostasis facilitate this process?
iii. Why is it important for animals to maintain stable blood glucose level and how does the
body achieve this?
A
iv. Why fresh water fishes produce large quantities of dilute urine?
v. Why marine invertebrates and hag-fishes do not have osmo-regulatory mechanism?
IR
vi. Nephron processes about 180 liters of filtrate but the kidneys excrete only about 1-2 liters
of urine. Why?
vii. How brown fat is important for animals?
RA

viii. How are waste product the remove from blood / body in case of renal failure.
ix. Why kidney is considered as an excretory organ?
Chapter No. 16 (Support & Movement)
Non reasoning questions:
U

i. What are lacunae?

ii. What are antagonistic muscles? Name the different sets of such muscles.
H

iii. What are the factors that Affects muscle contraction?

iv. Differentiate between:
BU

a) Bones and Cartilages

b) Exo-skeleton and Endo-skeleton
c) Axial & Appendicular skeleton
v. What is a joint? Name different types of joints found in vertebrates.
A

vi. What is fracture? Explain different types of fracture.

Reasoning questions:
i. Why is the coordination of various organ systems essential for the effective control of
bodily functions in animals?
ii. Why is the structure of skeletal muscles specialized for their primary function of
generating movement in animals?
iii. Why is the arrangement of sarcomeres in a repeating pattern crucial for the efficient
contraction of skeletal muscles?
iv. Why does muscle become stiff after death?
v. Why does a red muscle fibre work for a prolonged period while a white muscle fibre
suffers from fatigue after shorter work?
 vi. Why muscle cells are usually called muscle fibres?
vii. What happens to the leg muscle of an athlete who runs a marathon race?
Chapter No. 17 (Co-Ordination & Control)
Non reasoning questions:
i. What is reflex action? Explain.
ii. What are receptors and transducers? Write down the types of receptors.
iii. Differentiate between:
a) CNS & PNS
b) Afferent and Efferent nerve pathway
c) Peptide hormone & Steroid hormone
d) Depolarization & Repolarization
iv. Write a note on nervous disorders.
v. What are neurons? Also explain types of neurons.
vi. What is drug addiction and drug tolerance?

D
vii. Write a note on CT scan or MRI
Reasoning questions:

A
i. Why is the centralization of nervous systems advantageous for efficient control and
coordination in animals?

M
ii. Why do nerve cells transmit electrical impulses rather than chemical signals to convey
information over long distances?
iii. Why is the propagation of a nerve impulse along the axon unidirectional, and how does

H
this contribute to efficient signaling within the nervous system?
iv. Why do nerve impulses travel faster along myelinated axons compared to un-myelinated axons?

A
v. Why do nerve impulses undergo depolarization and repolarization during an action potential?
vi. Why dopamine is given in Parkinson’s disease?
vii. Why do nerve impulses exhibit saltatory conduction in myelinated axons, and how does
A
this increase the speed and efficiency of signal transmission in the nervous system?
Chapter No. 18 (Chemical Coordination)
IR
Non reasoning questions:
i. Define Pheromones and hormones.
ii. Write a note on chemical nature of hormones.
RA

iii. Write a note on secretin, cholecystokinin, angiotensin, erythropoietin, atrial natriuretic

hormone, PGs and HCG.
iv. Define mechanism of positive & negative feedback in endocrine system with example
U

Reasoning questions:
i. Why do multicellular organisms rely on chemical coordination systems, such as
H

hormones, for regulating physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis?

ii. Why are endocrine glands specialized to produce and release hormones into the blood
BU

stream rather than directly onto target cells?

iii. Why do hormones exhibit specific target cell receptors, and how does the binding of
hormones to these receptors initiate cellular responses?
A

iv. Why do certain glands secrete hormones in response to changes in internal or external
environmental conditions, and how does this contribute to adaptive responses in organisms?
v. How do hormones concerned with the nervous system to coordinate complex
physiological responses, such as the fight-or-flight response?
vi. Why do disruptions in hormone levels or signaling pathways often lead to disorders or diseases?

Chapter No. 19 (Animal Behavior)

Non reasoning questions:
i. What is animal behavior and ethology?
ii. What are different ways of responses to the stimuli?
iii. What is the relationship between stimuli and behavior?
 iv. What are aggregation and animal societies?
v. Write a short note on Territorial behavior in Baboons OR Courtship behavior of three spine
stickle back fish
vi. Write a note on migration of salmon fish OR dances of bees.
Reasoning questions:
i. Why do animals display innate behaviors?
ii. Why do animals exhibit social behaviors, and what are the advantages of living in social
groups versus solitary lifestyles?
iii. Why do animals engage in territorial behaviors, and how do these behaviors influence
resource acquisition, mating opportunities, and survival?
iv. Why do animals exhibit learned behaviors, and how do these behaviors adapt to changing
environmental conditions or social dynamics?
Chapter No. 20 (Reproduction)
Non reasoning questions:

D
i. Define miscarriage & abortion
ii. Write a note on invitro fertilization or test tube conception/ babies?
iii. Write a note on STDs.

A
iv. Give a brief account on Hormonal control of reproductive cycle.
v. Difference between Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis.

M
vi. Define:
a) Gestation & Implantation

H
b) Placenta, amnion and umbilical cord
c) Puberty and menopause.

A
Reasoning questions:
i. Why is the human female reproductive cycle regulated by hormones such as estrogen
and progesterone, and how do these hormones coordinate the processes of ovulation,
A
menstruation, and pregnancy?
ii. Why is the timing of ovulation crucial for successful conception, and how do hormonal
IR
fluctuations within the female reproductive cycle influence ovulatory events?
iii. Why do females undergo menstruation? Or how does the shedding of the uterine lining
contribute to the preparation for potential pregnancy?
RA

iv. Why do hormonal changes during the female reproductive cycle lead to secondary
sexual characteristics such as breast development and changes in body fat distribution?
v. Why do females enter menopause?
vi. Why testes released in scrotum human male foetus before birth?
U

vii. Why oxytocin is called “birth hormone”?

Chapter No. 21 (Development & Aging)
H

Non reasoning questions:

i. Describe cell differentiation or embryonic induction with mechanism.
BU

ii. What is the role of nucleus and cytoplasm in development?

iii. What is aging? Explain.
iv. What are organizers? Explain types of organizers and their functions.
v. Write a detail note on spontaneous abortion & genetic abnormalities.
A

Reasoning questions:
i. What exactly is happening inside our bodies to bring on the wrinkles, gray hair, and the
other changes seen in older people?
ii. Why is embryonic induction critical for proper tissue and organ development during
embryogenesis?
iii. Why is cleavage essential for the initial stages of embryonic development?
iv. Why do different types of animal eggs undergo distinct patterns of cleavage, and how
do these patterns influence subsequent developmental processes?
Why do animal eggs exhibit variations in size, yolk distribution, and cytoplasmic
composition, and how do these differences impact cleavage patterns and embryonic development?
 Chapter No. 24 (Evolution)
i. How eukaryotes evolve from prokaryotes?
ii. What is genetic drift?
iii. What is speciation? Also describe different types of speciation
iv. What is Hardy Weinberg principle? Describe it briefly.
v. Differentiate between theory of special creating and theory of organic evolution.
vi. Explain evidences in support of organic evolution.
Reasoning questions:
i. Why do organisms exhibit vestigial structures and molecular remnants of ancestral traits,
and how do these features provide insights into evolutionary history?
ii. Why do organisms share common ancestry, and how does the study of comparative anatomy,
embryology, and molecular biology provide evidence for evolutionary relationships?
iii. Why Darwinism is considered the foundation of modern evolutionary biology?

D
iv. How the species become extinct? Give reason/s.
v. How recombinant technology opened the door of evolution?

A
vi. Why did Lamarck propose that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their
lifetime to their offspring?

M
vii. In human beings ear muscles are greatly reduced and non functional. Why?
viii. How do homologous organs provide evidence in support of evolution?

H
ix. How do embryological studies provide evidence for evolution?
Important Questions for Section ‘C’

A
Chapter No. 15 (Homeostasis)
Q.1. Explain the regulatory functions of Kidney in human OR Describe the human excretory system in detail?
A
Q.2. Write a note on disorder of urinary tract and some important problems of kidney with treatment.
Chapter No. 16 (Support and Movement)
IR
Q.1. Briefly describe deformities found in humans? Explain each of them also describe joint
injuries with relation to dislocation and sprain.
Q.2. Describe the various types of skeletons found in animals. Discuss human skeleton.
RA

Q.3 What are the different types of deformities of skeleton? Explain in detail
Q.4 Write a detail note on structure of skeletal muscles. Give a mechanism of contraction and relaxation of
skeletal muscle with label diagram.
U

Chapter No. 17 (Nervous Co-Ordination)

Q.1. Explain the mechanism of development and transmission of nerve impulse with label diagram.
H

Q.2 Give a brief note on human nervous system. Also explain different parts of human brain
and their functions.
Q.3 Write down some vascular, functional and degenerative disorders of CNS.
BU

Chapter No. 18 (Chemical Coordination)

Q.1. Write a detail note on mammalian endocrine system with reference to man.
Chapter No. 19 (Animal Behavior)
A

Q.1. What is learning behaviour? Discuss its various types with examples.
Q.2. What is illate behaviour? Describe types of illate behaviour in animals.
Chapter No. 20 (Reproduction)
Q.1. Define Menstruation. Describe its various phases and the changes taking place in each
phase with diagram.
Chapter No. 21 (Development & Aging)
Q.1. What is gastrulation? Explain the formation of three germ layers in chick embryo.
Q.2 What is gastrulation? What are the events of gastrulation? Briefly describe the events of neurulation?
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U

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BU

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A

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