JavaScript: Basic, Advanced, & More Cheat Sheet

by AC Winter (acwinter) via cheatography.com/21349/cs/4084/

 About This Document  Number & Math Methods (cont)

the purpose of this cheat sheet is to briefly describe the core  Math.c​eil​(num)
elements of the JavaScript language for those of studying it who • rounds num up to nearest integer
have taken in much more than we can hold onto well. nothing here is  Math.f​loo​r(num)
explained in full but rather meant to get you on the right track. also, • rounds num down to nearest integer
this document purposely does not cover browse​r-s​pecific methods /  Math.m​ax(​num1, num2)
syntax / objects and the like. • returns larger num
 this cheat sheet is a work in progress and may be updated --  Math.m​in(​num1, num2)
check back on occasion!  Math.p​ow(​num1, num2)
• returns num1 to the power num2
 Types  Math.s​qrt​(num)
Type typeOf evaluation Primitive?  Math.r​andom()
Null object yes • returns decimal between 0 (inclu​sive) and 1(excl​usive)
 Math.a​bs(num)
Undefined undefined yes
• returns absolute value of num•
Boolean boolean yes
String string yes  Array "​Extra Method​s"
Number number yes
 Note: these "​extra method​s," which are "​hig​her​-or​der​" functions,
Object object no -- an object ignore holes in the array (i.e.: [“apples”, , , , “orang​es”]). they also
Function function no -- an object have more arguments than shown here -- best to look them up for
more info!
Array object no -- an object
 Note: array-like objects, for example arguments and NodeLists,
Symbol symbol no -- an object
can also make use of these methods.
[] object no -- an object  arr.so​me(​cal​lback)
{} object no -- an object  arr.ev​ery​(ca​llback)
• returns a boolean value. returns true if some or every element in the
 Number & Math Methods array meets the evalua​tion. example:
 someNu​m.t​oFi​xed​(num) ​ ​ var a = [1,2,3];
• shortens someNum to have only num decimal places ​ ​ var b = a.ever​y(f​unc​tio​n(i​tem){
 num.to​Exp​one​ntial() ​​​​ return item > 1;
• converts num to expone​ntial notation (i.e. 5.569e+0) ​ ​ }); // false
 num.to​Str​ing()  arr.re​duc​e(f​unc​tio​n(prev, next){..}, startVa
• converts num to a string l)
 num.to​Pre​cis​ion(#)  arr.re​duc​eRi​ght​(fu​nct​ion​(prev, next){..},
• converts num to a num with # places starting with whole numbers startVal)
 String​(so​meV​alue) • returns a value. reduce employs a callback to run through the
• converts or coerces someValue to a string - someValue can be any elements of the array, returning "​pre​v" to itself with each iteration and
type, ie "​Boo​lea​n(1​)" returns true taking the next "​nex​t" value in the array. for it's first "​pre​v" value it will
 parseI​nt(​string, radix) take an optional "​sta​rtV​al" if supplied. an intere​sting example:
 parseF​loa​t(s​tring, radix) ​ ​ var arr = ["ap​ple​", "​pea​r", "​app​le", "​lem​‐
• converts a string into an integer. the optional radix argument on"];
defines the base -- i.e., base 10 (decimal) or base 16 (hexad​eci​mal). ​ ​ var c = arr.re​duc​e(f​unc​tio​n(prev, next) {
 Math.r​oun​d(num) ​ ​ ​ ​ prev[next] = (prev[​next] += 1) || 1;
• rounds num to nearest integer ​ ​ ​ ​ return prev;

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 JavaScript: Basic, Advanced, & More Cheat Sheet
by AC Winter (acwinter) via cheatography.com/21349/cs/4084/

 Array "​Extra Method​s" (cont)  Functions & Etc.

​ ​ }, {});  Callbacks: placing ( ) after a function call executes it immedi​ately. leaving the
​ ​ // objCount = { apple: 2, pear: 1, lemon: 1 } for a callback.
 arr.fi​lte​r(f​unc​tio​n()​{..}) Function Declar​ation
 function
• returns an array. filter returns an array of elements that satisfy a given callback. example: aFunct​ionName (args) {...
​ ​ var arr2 = ["ji​m", "​nan​cy", "​ned​"]; • functions created in this manner are evaluated when the code is parsed and a
​ ​ var letter3 = arr2.f​ilt​er(​fun​cti​on(​item) { the top and are available to the code even before they're formally declared. Not
​ ​ ​ ​ return (item.l​ength === 3); odd constr​uction, using function declar​ations within a flow control statement can

​ ​ }); and is best avoided.

Function Expression / Anonymous Functions
​ ​ consol​e.l​og(​let​ter3); // ['jim', 'ned']
 var bar = function (args) {...
 arr.so​rt(​fun​cti​on(​){..})
• (also referred to as 'Function Operat​ors') anonymous functions are evaluated
• returns the original array, mutated. sort returns the elements sorted with a given criteria. for example:
and are therefore less memory intensive. they must be provided a variable nam
​ ​ var stock = [{key: “r”, num: 12}, {key: “a”, num: 2}, {key: “c”, num: 5}];
have a function name (there​fore: anonym​ous). [these are ]
​ ​ var c = stock.s​or​t(f​unc​tio​n(a,b) {
Named Function Expression
​ ​ ​ ​ return a.num - b.num;
 var bar = function foo (args) {...
​ ​ } ); // [ { key: ‘a', num: 2 }, { key: ‘c', num: 5 }, { key: ‘r', num: 12 } ]
• confus​ingly, this is still an 'anonymous function.' assigning a name is useful fo
 arr.map()
purposes and also allows for self-r​efe​rential / recursive calls
• returns an array. map goes over every element in the array, calls a callback on the element, and sets an element
Function Constr​uctor
in the new array to be equal to the return value the callback. for example:
 var anothe​rFu​nction = new Function (args, function ()
​ ​ var stock = [{key: "​red​", num: 12}, {key: "​blu​e", num: 2}, {key: "​bla​ck", nu
..}
m: 2}];
• equivalent to a functional expression
​ ​ var b = stock.m​ap​(fu​nction (item){
Self-I​nvoking Anonymous Functions
​ ​ ​ ​ return item.key;
 ( function (args) { doSome​thing; } ) ( );
​ ​ }) // ["re​d","b​lue​"​,"bl​ack​"]
• (also known as IIFEs / 'Immed​iately Invoked Function Expres​sions') and invok
 arr.fo​rEach() ately
• no return value. forEach performs an operation on all elements of the array. for example:
​ ​ var arr = [“jim”, “mary”];  Loops / Control Flow Statements
​ ​ a.forEach (function (item) {
if .. else if .. else
​ ​ ​ ​ consol​e.l​og(​"I simply love “ +item);
​ ​ if (consi​dtion1) {
​ ​ }); // “I simply love jim”, “I simply love mary"
​​​​ doSome​thing;
 Note: you can combine array methods in a chain where the result of the leftmost operation is passed to the right
​ ​ } else if {
as such:
​​​ doSome​thi​ngElse;
array.s​or​t().re​ver​se()...
​ ​ } else {
​​​ doSome​thi​ngMore;
​​}
for loop
​ ​ for (var i = 0; i < someNu​mber; i++) {
​​ doSome​thing;
​​}
switch loop

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 JavaScript: Basic, Advanced, & More Cheat Sheet
by AC Winter (acwinter) via cheatography.com/21349/cs/4084/

 Loops / Control Flow Statements (cont)  String Methods, Properties & Etc (cont)

​ ​ switch (someE​val​uation) { • returns the index of the last occurrence of subString

​​ case "​eva​lua​tes​AsT​his​" :  str.length
​​​​​ doSome​thing; • returns length of str starting at 1
​​ case "​eva​lua​tes​AsT​hat​" :  str.ma​tch​(pa​ttern)
​​​ ​ doSome​thi​ngElse; • returns null if not found. returns an array of all matches
​​}  str.ma​tch​(/p​att​ern/g)
while loop • provides global search of string
​ ​ while (someE​val​uation === true) {  str.re​pla​ce(old, new)
​​​ doSome​thing;  str.se​arc​h(p​attern)
​​} • returns index of first match or -1 if not found
do .. while  str.su​bst​rin​g(i​ndex1, index2)
​ ​ do { • char at index1 is returned, index2 is not
​​​ doSome​thing;  str.sp​lit​(char)

​​} • returns an array of str split on char

​ ​ while (someE​val​uation === true);  str.su​bst​r(i​ndex1, num)

for .. in (objects) • returns substring starting at index1 and running num letters

​ ​ for (anItem in anObject) {  str.to​Low​erC​ase()

​​​​ doSome​thing With anItem;  str.to​Upp​erC​ase()

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ // will be the key  str.to​Loc​ale​Low​erC​ase()

​​​​ doSome​thi​ngWith Object​[an​Item]; • takes local language settings into account

 str.to​Loc​ale​Upp​erC​ase()
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ // will be the value of that key
• ibid
​​}
 Number​(va​r/s​tri​ng/​object)
• converts to number. "​tru​e" converts to 1, etc
 "t​his​"
 one.co​nca​t(two)
coming soon
• concat​enates string​/array one with two
 JSON.s​tri​ngify( )
 String Methods, Properties & Etc
• converts a javascript value/​object into a string
 a string can be coerced into an array so many array methods are  JSON.parse ( )
applicable as well • converts a JSON string into a javascript object

 str.ch​arA​t(num)  Date Methods

• returns the character in str at index num
 Note: Unix epoch is January 1, 1970
 str.ch​arC​ode​At(num)
 var today = new Date();
• returns the unicode value of the char
• creates date object for now
String.fr​omC​har​Cod​e(num)`
 var someDate = new Date("june 30, 2035");
• returns the character with unicode's num
• creates date object for arbitrary date
 str.in​dex​Of(​char)
 var today = Date.n​ow();
• returns -1 if char not found in str
 str.la​stI​nde​xOf​(su​bSt​ring)

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 JavaScript: Basic, Advanced, & More Cheat Sheet
by AC Winter (acwinter) via cheatography.com/21349/cs/4084/

 Date Methods (cont)  Array Methods (basic)

• returns number of millis​econds since epoch  Note: index numbers for arrays start at 0
 parse()  arr.le​ngth()
• returns millis​econds between date and Unix epoch.  arr. push(val)
 toDate​Str​ing() • adds val to end of arr
 toTime​Str​ing()  arr. pop()
 toLoca​lTi​meS​tring() • deletes last item in arr
 arr. shift()
 Get / Set Date Methods • deletes first item in arr
 arr.un​shi​ft(val)
• getDate() • getHours()
• adds val to front of arr
• getDay() • getMil​​li​s​e​co​​nds()
 arr.re​verse ()
• getFul​​lY​ear() • getMin​​utes()
 arr1.c​onc​at(​arr2)
• getMonth() • getSec​​onds() • concat​enates arr1 with arr2
• getTime() • getTim​​ez​o​n​eO​​ffset()  arr.jo​in(​char)
• returns string of elements of arr joined by char
 Note: there are also 'set' methods such as setMonth() .
 arr.sl​ice​(in​dex1, index2)
 Note: getDay and getMonth return numeric repres​ent​ations
starting with 0. • returns a new array from arr from index1 (inclu​sive) to index2
(exclu​sive)

 Miscel​laneous Instru​ctions  arr.sp​lic​e(i​ndex, num, itemA, itemB,..)

• alters arr. starting at index and through index+num, overwr​ite​s/adds
 break;
itemsA..
• breaks out of the current loop
 continue;
 Defini​tions & Lingo
• stops current loop iteration and increments to next
Higher Order Functions
 isNaN(​som​eVar)
• returns true if not a number functions that accept other functions as an argument
 isFini​te(​som​eVar) Scope
 var aVar = anObje​ct[​anA​ttr​ibute] || "​non​esu
the set of variables, objects, and functions available within a
​ch"; certain block of code
• assigns a default value if none exists
Callback
 var aVar = anEval​uation ? trueVal : falseVal;
• ternary operator. assigns trueVal to aVar if anEval​uation is true, (also event handler ) a reference to executable code, or a piece of

falseVal if not executable code, that is passed as an argument to other code.

 delete anObje​ct[​anA​ttr​ibute] the % operator

 (aProperty in anObject) % returns the remainder of a division such that "3 % 2 = 1" as 2
• returns true or false if aProperty is a property of anObject goes into 3 once leaving 1. called the "​rem​ain​der​" or "​mod​ulo​"
 eval(s​ome​String) operator.
• evaluates a someString as if it was JavaSc​ript. i.e. eval("var x =
Compos​ition
2+3") returns 5
the ability to assemble complex behaviour by aggreg​ating simpler
behavior. chaining methods via dot syntax is one example.

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 JavaScript: Basic, Advanced, & More Cheat Sheet
by AC Winter (acwinter) via cheatography.com/21349/cs/4084/

 Defini​tions & Lingo (cont)  Defini​tions & Lingo (cont)

Chaining Method
also known as cascading, refers to repeatedly calling one method an object property has a function for its value.
after another on an object, in one continuous line of code.

Naming Collisions  Reserved Words

where two or more identi​fiers in a given namespace or a given abstract arguments boolean break
scope cannot be unambi​guously resolved byte case catch char
DRY class const continue debugger
Don't Repeat Yourself default delete do double

ECMAScript else enum eval export

(also ECMA-262) the specif​ication from which the JavaScript extends false final finally
implem​ent​ation is derived. version 5.1 is the current release. float for function goto
Arity if implements import in
refers to the number of arguments an operator takes. ex: a binary instanceof int interface let
function takes two arguments long native new null
Currying package private protected public
refers to the process of transf​orming a function with multiple arity return short static super
into the same function with less arity
switch synchr​onized this throw
Recursion throws transient true try
an approach in which a function calls itself typeof var void volatile
Predicate while with yield
a calcul​ation or other operation that would evaluate either to "​tru​‐
e" or “false.”  Protot​ype​-based Inheri​tance

Asynch​ronous coming soon

program flow that allows the code following an asynch​ronous

statement to be executed immedi​ately without waiting for it to
complete first.

Callback Hell
code thickly nested with callbacks within callback within callbacks.

Closure
a function with access to the global scope, it's parent scope (if
there is one), and it's own scope. a closure may retain those
scopes even after it's parent function has returned.

IIFE
Immedi​ately Invoked Function Expres​sions. pronounced "​iff​y." a
function that is invoked immedi​ately upon creation. employs a
unique syntax.

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