IT infrastructure

( Torcar Foods )
Introduction:
This report is dedicated to in-depth analysis, through which the IT
infrastructure can serve better for various needs of Torcar Foods and its
different stakeholders. Torcar Foods is a modern agricultural undertaking
facing a variety of challenges in its effort to optimize operations, increase
productivity, and sustain operations in all aspects. We shall examine a
discussion of how state-of-the-art software solutions, next-generation
hardware technologies, and high-performance network solutions can be
implemented in a concrete manner so as to help the organization
successfully find its way out of these compelling issues at hand by careful
examination of various weaknesses and constraints currently inherent in
their existing system.
With advanced, state-of-the-art software systems like FMS, SCM, CRM, and so
on, Torcar Foods can act positively in reducing time for its various operations
while enhancing the decision-making process in the meantime. Besides,
comprehensive hardware solutions, from high-performance servers to
advanced IoT sensors, will be vital in ascertaining that resources are
managed effectively and data stored properly. Finally, a robust network
infrastructure fitted with the latest emerging technologies, including 5G, IoT,
and SD-WAN, will provide the farm with scalable, high-speed connectivity
that accommodates growing needs.
The report, by focusing on these key areas, will outline how Torcar Foods can
further optimize its farming operations, improve the relationship with the
stakeholders involved in supplying the food items, and adapt to future
agricultural technologies.

Software:
Farm Management Software (FMS)
Examples: FarmERP, AgroSoft, Trimble Ag Software
What it does: The farm management software will systematize all farm
activities and integrate crop planning with the program of animal breeding
and feeding, considering land, labor, machinery, etc. Farmers will thereby
have more opportunities to bring their strategic plans closer to optimum
models, avoid many troubles for themselves, and win more power for making
decisions on production in a portfolio of various tasks on the farm.
How It Works: These farming software solutions involve key farming activities
such as planting the seeds, application of fertilizers, and treatment of the
animals by making use of crop demand schedules as well as farm timelines.
These are those wherein the farming inputs such as water, feed, and
chemicals ought best to be delivered at the right time.
Why it's needed: What might have been wasted or may be wasted in
agribusiness could estimate the right use of resources, and especially the
actual misuse of resources which can be estimated through an estimate of
planning. The FMS is a central system which gives the pattern and manner in
which various activities on the farm should be carried out to the latter and at
the right time.
This would give birth to efficiency and an increase in the gross yield within
the farm, aside from not incurring resource wastes. The Impact of Emerging
Technology Coupled IoT began to enter the scenario of farm management
systems with strengthened real-time decisions and some functions hitherto
done in a very unsystematic manner, with considerable scope for errors.
These also bring in added socio sensitivity due to reduced resource usage
and promotion of sustainable agriculture.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) Software
Examples are Oracle SCM, SAP Ariba.
What it does: SCM shall monitor the entire procurement, logistic, and
inventories of the entire farm supply chain. It shall also provide useful
information about the movement of the products, including their safety and
quality, and the timeline through which products-from raw material to
finished goods-can be delivered.
How it works: SCM software keeps records of some important characteristics
which are as follows: product delivery timeline, inventory number, supply
chain safety. Food bacteria are destroyed, and the quality of the food
products is retained. Information about the state of shipment is also obtained
which is useful while farming.
Why it's needed: Where the SCM software is important in the process is in
ensuring that there is improvement in the satisfaction of the customer by
delivering goods on time. They have the patience to reduce costs in
operation and improve the Operating Margin earnings per production unit of
the farm in question. It is through efficient procurement, efficient storage,
and transport systems that the farm is well placed to avoid wastage and
meet the market demands at the right time.
Upcoming Technological Impact IoT and AI, which have been put to work in
developing SCM software, completely revolutionized supply chain
management by means of real-time tracking and analysis. Besides, IoT and
AI in supply chains are said to be necessary for their justification by proving
an increase in the supply chain visibility by monitoring the merchandise
throughout the chain, showing insight into trends, and optimization of
inventories.
Cybersecurity software
Examples: Norton, McAfee
What it does: It protects sensitive data at farms through methods like
encryption, a firewall system to block unwanted elements, and detecting
possible cyber threats. Software of this type secures business information
against unauthorized access, data breaches, and cyber-attacks with
consideration for compliance with various industry-specific data protection
regulations.
How it works: Cybersecurity software continuously keeps tabs on the IT
environment of the farm regarding suspected activities, blocks malware, and
attempts at unauthorized access. It controls the traffic inside the internal and
external networks with firewalls, encrypts the data, and deploys threat
detection systems that will notify one in time about a prospective breach.
Why it's needed: Farms in these modern times rely on data in most aspects
of operations, be it financial information or customer data. For this reason,
cybersecurity software will protect all the data against cyber threats and
hence protect business integrity and adherence to the laws on protection of
data. The impact of emerging technology: AI-powered cybersecurity is able
to anticipate and detect new emerging threats even before they actually
strike the systems. Integrated with blockchain, it provides immutable records
that assure data integrity.
Operation Monitoring Software
Examples: SolarWinds, Nagios
What it does: Operational monitoring software identifies performances of IT
infrastructure, including servers, networking, and connected devices. On the
other hand, these tools make the identification of impending problems
possible, thus enabling intervention in good time to avoid system crashes
or/and extended downtime.
How it works: Monitoring tools continuously scan the IT environment,
gathering information about network performance, server health, and system
uptime. It sends out alerts in case of any noticed abnormality, like sudden
unusual spikes in traffic or server overload, to get the IT staff into action
before the critical failure of the underlying service occurs.
Why it's needed: In general, this will greatly disrupt the operation downtime
of any facility that needs an IT system to keep running. Most of the packages
for operational monitoring software indicate issues early to allow faster
remedies, hence reducing adverse effects on the farm's productivity.
Emerging Technology Impact: Now, AI and machine learning are allowing the
monitoring tools to predict a system failure and proactively suggest
maintenance activity to reduce unplanned outage of the systems and
increase its reliability.
Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning
Examples are AWS, Microsoft Azure, and IBM Watson.
What it does: Cloud Computing Services will provide scalable storages and
processing, reducing the use of physical infrastructures, while Artificial
Intelligence-powered tools on their part will help higher-order data analytics
by the likes of IBM Watson and much-enhanced efficiency in operations
owing to automation of decision-making via machine learning. How it works:
Cloud platforms store data and host applications that enable farmers to
access farm systems and data from anywhere; big data sets are drawn into
insights through Artificial Intelligence tools, while in Machine Learning,
algorithms create a better output with each new input of data. Automation
entails resource allocation, predictive maintenance, and crop planning.
Why Needed: With cloud services, the number of hardware required on-
premise decreases, thus cutting costs. It allows scaling up by adding more
computational power and hence is flexible. The AI and machine learning tools
automate the decision-making process for optimization in resource
management-that of making real-time adjustments, thus predictability for
better production on farms. All these integrations of emerging technologies,
AI, and ML on farms consequently led to data-driven farming. Predictive
insights trigger planting and harvesting decisions, while resource
management has shown manifold improvement. This has further been
enhanced with cloud services, enabling access to data remotely and
enhancing operations generally.
Geo-information systems or GIS software
Examples: ArcGIS, QGIS
What it does: It allows farmers to map, analyze, and manage various spatial
data about their lands with GIS software. In addition, these tools are vital in
precision agriculture, offering services such as optimizing field inputs,
planning irrigation, and monitoring crop health.
How it works: Geospatial information shows detailed mapping for farm fields
generated by any GIS software, showcasing the change in soil conditions,
availability of water, and performance of crops with time. Improvements in
efficiency based on data shall help in the right allocation of meager
resources at the correct time, correct quantity, and time-such as water,
fertilizers, and pesticides.
Why it's needed: Precision agriculture is all about real and timely field
condition data. The results provided by GIS tools give farmers the expertise
they need to optimize their fields, improve yields, and cut input costs by
reducing waste.
drone management software
Examples: Pix4D, Drone Deploy
What it does: The drone management software has bridged the gap in
analyzing aerial data taken from drones, hence allowing farmers to monitor
crop health, find out problems such as pest attacks, issues related to
irrigation, and mapping.
How it works: Sensors and camera-fitted drones capture high-resolution
snaps of an aerial field. The data, after processing and visualization by drone
management software, helps farmers in making better decisions about
resource dispersion with improved crop management.
Why it's needed: Drones can shoot over broad areas quickly, giving farmers
real-time insight into crop health and field conditions. That automates most
of the manual work of the farmers and catches the problems well before they
go critical, saving time and improving decision-making.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Software
Examples: Salesforce, Zoho CRM
What it does: CRM farms deal in managing relations with their customers
through tracking interactions and storage of customer data related to sales.
Hence, it facilitates special services, receiving queries, and improved
customer loyalty at the farm.
How it works: This places customer information at the very center of CRM
platforms for effective communication, tracking of sales trends, and
automating marketing effort. Let this integrate with e-commerce platforms to
help in the management of orders, hence interacting with customers
efficiently.
Why it's needed: For any farm, customer relationships are very important in
case of direct sale to a consumer or a distributor. CRM software enhances
customer satisfaction with the offering of effective services, while supporting
the farm in improving sales and marketing.

Fleet Management Software

Examples: Fleet Complete, Samsara
What it does: Farm Fleet Management Software allows tracking vehicle
locations, monitoring fuel consumption, and performing timely maintenance
of machinery and vehicles. In this way, it ensures that farm vehicles are put
to optimal use, hence reducing wear and tear and prolonging life.
How it works: It helps track continuously the movement of vehicles by GPS
and telematics, and their fuel consumption. It also provided visualization of
vehicle performance on various dashboards and warned about scheduled or
required maintenance. It thus allows farm managers to keep track of the
health of their fleet and manage resources more effectively.
Why it's needed: Farms often operate a variety of vehicles and machinery
critical to the day-to-day running of the farm. If these are not well managed,
they may be underutilized, hence bringing in inefficiencies such as increased
fuel costs, increased downtime due to breakdowns, and also unnecessary
repair costs. Fleet management software helps avoid these problems by
monitoring usage patterns and scheduling regular maintenance, so all
equipment is always at optimum performance. It also optimizes logistics,
enhances routes, and the use of vehicles to cut down on time consumed and
to save fuel costs, reducing operations costs while multiplying efficiency.
Environmental Monitoring Software
Examples: SenseFly, FieldView
What it does: It provides environmental monitoring software using real-time
data from IoT sensors for tracking temperature, humidity, and many other
conditions in open fields or greenhouses. This data supports the farmer in
optimizing the conditions of crop growth.
How it works: Sensors installed across the farm collect environmental data
and send that to software for analysis in real time. It provides visual
dashboards and alerts farmers when conditions fall out of the optimum range
for immediate corrective actions.
Why it's needed: Maintaining environmental conditions is the key to ensuring
crops remain highly productive for higher yields while conservatively using
resources. Environmental monitoring software gives farmers real-time data
on variables like soil moisture and temperature from which they can adjust
irrigation schedules in a way that enhances crop health with minimal water
waste. This makes for better insights into resource management whereby
crops get all the necessary ingredients without overusing water or fertilizers,
improving overall productivity at the farm and assuring minimal impact on
the environment.

Compliance and Regulatory Software

Examples: FoodLogiQ, Trace-Gains
What it does: Compliance and Regulatory Software helps farms manage
industry regulations such as Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and organic
certification. It manages the recording of documents, monitors the value
chain for food safety, and ascertains that your farm covers all regulatory
requirements.
How it works: It centralizes all compliance data, automates document
tracking, and audit trails. Reports and notifications are sent to the farm
managers when an audit is due or a certification needs to be renewed toward
continued compliance.
Why it is needed: Farms into food production must adhere to stringent
regulations that guarantee food is safe, of good quality, and traceable. Non-
compliances may result in very expensive fines, legal penalties, and loss of
reputation. Compliance software will help keep all necessary documentation
up to date, automate audit trails, and make sure farm operations comply
with the very latest in regulations. The real risks are single-point errors,
undelivered food safety standards, and vulnerability across the supply chain
where inability to prove compliance may affect both the farm and its
customers.
E-commerce and Online Sales Platforms
Examples: Shopify, BigCommerce, WooCommerce
What it does: It helps them in selling their produce directly to the consumer
through a complete e-commerce website, inclusive of integrated inventory
management, tracking of orders, means of payment that will make buying
any farm product online easy for the customer.
How it works: It enables farmers to build their virtual store, put information
on the products, and manage customer orders and payments. The shipping
integrations will handle the order fulfillment process automatically, and there
are tools to handle promotions and discounts.
Why it is needed: Online sales prove to be an excellent avenue for farms in
diversifying their streams of revenue, reaching wider audiences, and bringing
down their dependency on intermediaries. E-commerce website templates
make order management, tracking, and payment processing all that more
convenient since one is selling directly to the customer. While the demand
for farm-fresh and locally supplied produce is increasing, an online shop will
also give farms the opportunity to develop closer relationships with
customers and educate them about their brand for long-term business and
customer loyalty.
Accounting and Financial Software.
Examples: QuickBooks, Xero, Sage
What it does: Accounting and financial farm software provides the farm with
mechanisms for budgeting its resources by keeping track of income and
expenses, payrolls, and tax compliances. It can also produce advanced
financial reports that might be useful to a farm manager in analyzing
profitability and cost control.
How it works: The program offers automatic data entry against sales,
expenditure, and wages. It classifies transactions and prepares reports,
including the profit and loss statement, balance sheet, and cash flow
analysis. Keeping pace with tax requirements, various tax preparation tools
have been implemented.
Why it is needed: Every farm's net profits, and viability depend on good
management of farm finance. Farming business today has become so
complicated in terms of expenditures, wage liability, and different forms of
returns. All these make personal financial bookkeeping prone to errors,
delays, and management problems. The accounting software automates
these activities and ensures that the financial records of a business are
accurate and complete for the manager to make decisions based on current
financial information. It, therefore, makes management of cash flow easier
and helps to keep the farm profitable and sound financially by helping with
tax compliance.
HRMS- Human Resource Management Software
Examples: Workday, BambooHR
What it does: It helps farms manage human resources functions, including
payroll, employee scheduling, performance tracking, and compliance with
labor laws. HRMS automates most of the human resource processes and
enhances the efficiency of organizations while reducing administrative
overhead.
How it works: The HRMS places employee information at the center,
automates payroll and time tracking, and also scheduling-enabled raft of
performance management tools. It also monitors the observance of labor
laws and sends reminders about due dates for actions required, such as
employee performance reviews or certification.
Why it is needed: Farms, especially large ones, must manage a very
heterogeneous staff that very often works in shifts and seasonal
employment. The HRMS ensures that employee management is easier with
respect to appropriate payroll processing, fullest utilization of employees'
schedule, and observance of labor law provisions. This kind of automation by
the HRMS reduces administrative headaches and enables managers to be
more productive in their work, focusing sharply on the productivity and
performance of employees. This ensures timely payments and leads to
employee satisfaction, smooth flow of HR operations, and is an essential
ingredient for keeping a workforce away from labor disputes.

Task management and project management applications

Examples: Trello, Asana, Monday.com
What it does: Task and project management software helps farms in
organizing and task delegation among teams while tracking the status of
work. This ensures all activities of the farm are well coordinated, hence
enhancing collaboration and productivity.
How it works: The software allows users to create tasks and projects, then
assign them to members and keep track of their status and due dates. The
application makes visual tools, such as kanban boards or Gantt charts,
available to teams so that they know how all tasks will meet the required
deadlines.
Why it's needed: Managing multiple tasks across different areas on a farm
sometimes can be quite a big headache, especially in a large operation. This
is where such project management and task management software comes
in, to mediate the process and make it easier for a farm manager to plan,
delegate, and monitor the ongoing activities. This is how critical farm
activities, such as planting, harvesting, equipment care, and logistics get
done in time. Efficiency in managing the tasks reduces misconceptions and
miscommunications among team members, with possible improvement in
collaboration that leads to enhancing farm productivity.

Hardware:
1. Explanation of the ways in which hardware can meet the needs of
the company
Hardware Security
Examples: Firewalls, Security Cameras, Biometric Scanners
What it does: The security hardware secures the physical assets, data, and IT
infrastructures of Torcar Foods. Firewalls protect the internal network from
unauthorized access; highly sensitive areas are restricted by biometric
scanners. Security cameras monitor the whole farm premise and its facilities
at all times.
How it works:
 Firewalls block unauthorized access, filter both incoming and outgoing
network traffic.
 Others allow the recording of videos to play when there is a security
breach.
 Biometric scanners restrict access based on unique biological features
like fingerprints or facial recognition.
Why it is needed: The dependency on technology is getting higher; it is not
only farm data, but even the physical infrastructure, too. Firewalls block the
cyber attack, cameras, biometrics secure against unauthorized people for
physical access to certain areas, the data center, or storage rooms.
Hardware Monitoring
Examples include: Network Switches, Routers, IoT Sensors.
What it does: Monitoring hardware enables ground functions of IT systems to
be carried out without hiccups by monitoring network performance,
managing data flow, and enabling real-time environmental monitoring of
farm conditions.
How it works:
 Network switches and routers are managed to guarantee high speeds
and reliable connectivity among the various devices within the farm IT
network.
  IoT sensors monitor the environmental conditions-soil moisture,
temperature, and humidity-for the maintenance of precision agriculture
practices.
Why it's needed: Effective network management is the most important thing
to ensure that IT systems and machinery at Torcar Foods function twenty-four
hours per day without any breakdowns. IoT sensors enable farmers to
optimize farming decisions by offering real-time data on environmental
conditions, improving production while reducing waste.
Operational Hardware
Examples: Servers, Workstations, Laptops
What it does: Servers store critical farm data, manage applications, and
enable employees to access resources from any location. Workstations and
laptops are used by the staff to manage administrative tasks, farming
operations, and also to be able to communicate.
How it works:
 The server handles bulk data processing, hosts applications, and stores
data.
 Workstations and laptops allow personnel to use farm management
software, monitor data, and manage operations from their homes or on
premises.
Why it's needed: Modern farms like Torcar Foods depend on digital solutions
to run operations, from tracking inventory to monitoring crops and livestock.
Servers ensure data storage and application management reliably, while
workstations and laptops provide employees with the flexibility to get their
job done effectively in or out of the office, in any location.
Storage Devices
Examples: NAS- Network Attached Storage, Cloud Storage Devices
What it does: Hardware storage devices are very essential in securing
storage and backups regarding operational data such as crops in records,
financial records, and customer information pertaining to Torcar Foods.
How it works:
 NAS enables centralized data storage that can then be made
accessible to multiple users over the network.
 Cloud storage offers flexibility, availing expandable storage to Torcar
Foods for massive volumes of data to be retained within the
organization without investing in more physical hardware.
Why it's needed: Farms these days create an increasingly voluminous
amount of data-from operational reports to customers. The NAS devices will
store them reliably for fast local access, but the cloud storage provides
flexibility and scalability; when the hardware goes down, that works
somewhat like a backup solution.
2. Explanation of the ways in which hardware can meet the needs of
the stakeholders
Owner's Hardware Requirements
Examples include: Laptops, Mobile Devices, Remote Access Servers
What it does: Owners need hardware with fast access to data and
performance metrics of the farm from any location. The use of laptops,
mobile devices, and remote access servers ensures that the owner has an
overview of operations for decision-making from anywhere.
How it works:
 Laptops and mobile devices enable the owner to view and demonstrate
real-time farm performance metrics, access to financial data anywhere
and at any time.
 The remote access servers allow secure access to the farm thus from
any other location.
Why it's needed: Farm owners will have to manage farm activities from
anywhere in the world, from any other place, other than the farm, in order to
make timely decisions on grounds of real-time data. This hardware enables
business from anywhere.
Hardware Requirements Manager
Examples include Desktop Computers, Tablets, RFID Scanners.
What it does: Farm personnel, functions, and logistics require powerful and
fast-running hardware; managers will have the use of that. It makes farm
management software available through desktop computers and tablets, but
RFID scanners will track the inventory and stock.
How it works:
 Both desktop computers and tablets are devices that allow managers
to access all farm data, including employee schedules, inventory, and
the state of crops.
 RFID scanners allow for easy tracking of livestock and inventory,
updating in the system in real time.
Why it's needed: Managers do the work of daily management on the farm,
and for that, they require hardware that would make the process seamless
and effective. Radio Frequency Identification scanners make tracking
inventories easier by reducing much manual effort and error.
Admin Staff's Hardware Requirements
Examples are computers, printers, and scanners.
What it does: The admin staff needs desktop computers to manage the
financial transactions, customer relationship, and farm records. Printers and
scanners will help in administrative paperwork, contracts, and
documentation.
How it works:
 These are desktops on which staff access accounting software, CRM
systems, and farm management applications.
 Printers and scanners handle paperwork, allowing for printing of
invoices, scanning contracts, and filing reports.
Why it is needed: Admin staff needs plenty of operational and financial
documentation to do a good job on the farm. Reliable and fast hardware
could give us the opportunity to finish all these jobs as soon as possible and
without delays.
Farming Staff Hardware Requirements
Examples include Mobile devices, IoT sensors, drones
What it does: Farming workers use IoT sensors and mobile devices to monitor
crops and animals. Drone deployment is possible; these work by surveying a
huge area of the farm for any problem in the health of crops or any issues
concerned with irrigation.
How it works:
 Mobile devices allow farm workers to connect to farm management
software, which can monitor crop health and the performance of
livestock in real-time.
 The drones capture imagery from above the farm for eventual analysis.
Why it's needed: Farming staff needs to be agile enough to put up with the
different demands a farm creates. Precision farming increases with IoT
sensors and drones, while on the other hand, it reduces the costs of labor
involved, hence increasing overall farm productivity.

Data Connections and Networks:

1. How the need of the company will be met by data connections
and networks
a. Types of Networks
Examples are LAN: Local Area Network, WAN: Wide Area Network, and WLAN:
Wireless Local Area Network.
What it does: Networking connects devices like servers, workstations,
mobiles, and IoT sensors on the farm. Thus, networking will provide a
channel for communication and resource sharing among devices across the
farm, including offices, greenhouses, and warehouses over a LAN. WAN will
provide connectivity from a distance right to the major farm office, including
suppliers and partners.
How it works:
 AND uses wired connections in-farm, hence, it is connecting devices to
make them communicate fast and reliably.
 VAN extends the firm's network to most remote locations and provides
access to the farm's data/resources to the stakeholders in other areas.
 WLAN Prov
Why it is needed: Smooth communication is required among staff, sensors of
the IoT, and management systems; this needs an efficient network
infrastructure. The LAN will ensure fast and effective communication locally.
WAN will provide for stakeholders not there but needing entry into the
system of the farm, like suppliers. WLAN shall provide wireless access for the
mobile devices and sensing nodes of the IoT scattered over the farm.
b. Types of Relationships
Examples: Fiber
What it does: is it provides a uniform methodology for the farm to send
information across different types of connections: from fiber optic Ethernet
connections for high-speed, highly reliable internal communications, while
cellular and satellite connections could work for the external ones, especially
in areas where wired connections cannot keep up.

How it works:
 Fiber optic and Ethernet connections can also be installed to realize
high-speed, low-latency communications within the farm, hence
enabling volumes of data transfer between servers, workstations, and
IoT devices.
  Cellular and satellite connections reach out to far-flung areas of the
farm which may or may not be isolated, just to make sure that it is able
to connect to the farm's network.
Why it's needed: High-speed, reliable data connections are increasingly
needed in farming operations, while the usage of IoT devices and data-driven
decisions grow. Fiber and Ethernet provide speed and bandwidth for internal
operations, while cellular and satellite fill out connectivity to the more
remote areas of the farm.
C. Network Hardware Devices
Examples: Routers, Switches, Access Points, Firewalls
What it does: Various hardware components of the network regulate the flow
of data and the mode of transmission of data across different devices over
the network. Routers route traffic between different networks while switches
handle communication between devices on the same network. Access points
provide wireless access. Firewalls block unauthorized access to the network
and unwanted incoming and outgoing traffic.
How it works:
 Routers route and find the best path for the data across two diverse
networks, therefore allowing good communication.
 Such switches manage the flow of data across a network with several
devices on to enable the talking of all computers amongst each other.
 Access points provide the wireless network with access from both
mobile devices and IoT sensors.
 Firewalls can also monitor the network traffic and deny unauthorized
access to the network of the farm.
Why it's needed: The well-thought-out network, featuring top-notch
hardware, is what makes the devices in a farm correctly and safely
interconnected. Seamless connectivity along with keeping it secure against
cyber perils is created by routers, switches, and access points.
d. Network Emerging Technologies
Examples: 5G Networks, IoT Networks, SD-WAN (Software-Defined Wide Area
Network)
What it does: It acts on the farm's network infrastructure through emerging
technologies like faster wireless communication due to 5G, connecting many
devices with IoT networks, and wide-area network performance optimization
through better routing of traffic using SD-WAN.
How It Works:
  5G networks provide high-bandwidth, low-latency wireless
communication that enables real-time data transmission from IoT
devices and mobile devices across the farm.
 IoT networking can connect thousands of sensors and devices for
central data collection and monitoring of farm conditions.
 SD-WAN leverages software to intelligently steer traffic across the WAN
to ensure performance and minimize latency for remote connections.
Why it's needed: New network technologies such as 5G and IoT networks are
needed to handle the proliferating numbers of connected devices on the
farm. SD-WAN helps extend the connections remotely with more reliability
and performance, hence ensuring all parts of the farm stay connected and
keep working.
2. Explanation of how the use of data connections and networks can
meet the needs of the stakeholders
a. Network Types for Stakeholders
Examples: VPN (Virtual Private Network), WAN, WLAN
What it does: The farm contains lots of vendors and customers besides
remote workers. This VPN will allow the remote employees and vendors to
connect over the Internet to the farm's system using a secure encrypted link.
It would provide network access to other locations and mobile devices via
WAN and WLAN.
How it works:
 It does this by establishing a cryptographic tunnel between the farm
network and the remote user for sensitive data.
 WAN connects a remote site to the Central Farm System, whereby
stakeholders can access data or resources remotely.
 WLAN serves both employees and IoT devices' wireless access to the
network across the farm.
Why it's needed: VPN ensures the capability of far-from-location stakeholders
to access the farm's system without any leak in data security. WAN and
WLAN make sure that all the stakeholders, irrespective of their geographical
location, will be able to connect with the network and get any required
information.

b. Types of Connections for Stakeholders

Examples: Broadband, Fiber Optic, Cellular
What it does: Variations in connectivity-making the system of the farm
accessible to its stakeholders-suppliers and customers, and even to remote
workers. Where broadband and fiber optic connections provide high-speed
connectivity to the Internet, cellular connections make connectivity even to
the most isolated areas possible.
How it works:
 Broadband and fiber optic connections would provide high-speed
internet access to the stakeholders for effective communication with
the system of the farm.
 While the role of cellular connectivity is to replace wired connections at
many places, it connects to all other remote stakeholders.
Why it's needed: Good connectivity is one of the most important elements of
communication between stakeholders and a farm. Fiber optic and broadband
provide high speed; cellular allows for connecting with distance.

c. Network Hardware for Stakeholders

Examples: Firewalls, Routers, VPN Gateways
What it does: It means that the stakeholders should have safe and robust
hardware connecting them to the systems at the farm. Firewalls, to protect
the network; routers, to control data traffic; VPNs for remote secure
connections by other stakeholders.
How it works:
 Firewalls can monitor and maybe control network traffic to block
unauthorized access.
 Routers route data traffic efficiently among different parts of the
network.
 VPN gateways create a secured connection between the farm's
network and users over the distance.
Why it's needed: Secure and efficient network hardware ensures that
stakeholders can have access to a farm's system without breaching security;
VPNs will enable the remote stakeholders to create secure connections while
firewalls and routers ensure data throughput easily and safely.
d. Network Emerging Technologies
Examples: 5G Networks, IoT Networks, SD-WAN - Software-Defined Wide Area
Network
What it does: Higher demands of modern agriculture prompt emerging
network technologies to move as fast. 5G, IoT networks, and SD-WAN
accelerate the speed, reliabilities, and efficiency within farming operations
by providing better connectivity and smart data management solutions.

How it works:
 5G Networks: Offer high-bandwidth, low-latency wireless
communication. IoT sensors, drones, and mobile devices will be able to
communicate and send data in real time with 5G, thus enabling very
accurate and data-driven decision-making. This network is quite
important for those farms where land coverage is extensive and wired
connection is not feasible.
 IoT Networks: The IoT networks can connect a great deal of sensors
and devices on a farm to communicate with one another. These
sensors, in turn, monitor factors such as soil moisture, temperature,
livestock health, and send the data back to the central system for
analysis and subsequent action.
 SD-WAN: Software-Defined WAN - Your SD-WAN
Why it's needed:
 5G Networks: These will facilitate real-time data transmission across
the farm, enable various connected devices, and improve the
performance of drones and sensors in precision agriculture.
 IoT Networks: Establishment of sensors throughout the farm, from
which decisions can be made automatically, is crucial for precision
agriculture and resource management.
 SD-WAN: Improve