COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

CLASS X
There will be one written paper of two hours duration calling functions (call by value and call by reference)
carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of 100 Returning information/messages from the functions
marks. and use of multiple functions and more than one
function with the same name (function overloading).
The paper will be divided into two sections A and B. Use of static data member with static member function.
Discuss invocation of functions on objects (through the
Section A (Compulsory – 40 marks) will consist of
reference). Discuss the concept of this with a reference
compulsory short answer questions covering the entire to the object on which the invocation is made again.
syllabus.
5. Class as a User Defined Type
Section B (60 marks) will consist of questions which
Class as a composite type, distinction between
will require detailed answers and there will be a choice
primitive type and composite or class types.
of questions in this section
Class may be considered as a new data type created by
THEORY – 100 Marks the user, that has its own functionality.
The distinction between primitive and composite types
1. Revision of Class IX Syllabus should be discussed through examples. Show how
(i) Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes. classes allow user defined types in programs. All
primitive types have corresponding class wrappers.
(ii) Values and types. The following methods are to be covered:
(iii) Conditionals and non-nested loops. int parseInt(String s), int valueOf(String s),
long parseLong(String s), long valueOf(String s),
2. Class as the Basis of all Computation float parseFloat(String s), float valueOf(String s),
double parseDouble(String s),
Objects and Classes double valueOf(String s), boolean isDigit(char ch),
Objects encapsulate state and behaviour – numerous boolean isLetter(char ch),
examples; member variables; attributes or features. boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch),
Variables define state; member functions; boolean isLowerCase(char ch),
Operations/methods/ messages/ functions define boolean isUpperCase(char ch),
behaviour. boolean isWhitespace(char ch),
char to LowerCase (char ch)
Classes as abstractions for sets of objects; class as an char to UpperCase(char ch)
object factory; concept of type, primitive data types,
composite data types. Variable declarations for both 6. Iterations.
types; difference between the two types. Objects as Loops, nested loops, break and continue.
instances of a class.
Consider real life examples for explaining the concept Revision of loops (while, do while and for).
of class and object.
Show how each kind of loop can be converted to the
3. Constructors other form of the loop. Introduce nested loops through
Constructor and its types. some simple examples. Demonstrate break and
continue statements with the help of loops/nested loops.
Default constructor, parameterized constructor,
constructor with default parameter and constructor 7. Using Library Classes
overloading. Simple input/output. String, packages and import
4. Functions statements.
Browsing the documentation for classes in the libraries
Functions and its types
and illustrating their use. The following functions
Need of functions. Types of functions (pure and have to be covered:
impure). Function declaration and definition, ways of

145
String library functions: INTERNAL ASSESSMENT - 100 Marks
Char charAt (int n)
int compareTo(String1, String2) Assignments and Project
String concat(String str) The students should complete a number of laboratory
boolean endsWith(String str) assignments during the whole year to reinforce the
boolean equals(String str) concepts studied in the class.
boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str) The students should build one real life project using
int indexOf(char ch) the concepts taught.
int lastIndexOf(char ch)
int length( ) Suggested list of Assignments:
String replace (char oldChar,char newChar)
boolean startsWith(String str) Good assignments should have problems which require
String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) design, invention of an algorithm and only then
String toLowerCase( ) implementation and testing. The problems will mimic
String toUpperCase( ) a real life problem and require careful design or will
String trim( ) require an interesting algorithm to solve it. They should
String valueOf(all types) also embody one or more concepts that have been
Mathematical Library Functions: discussed in the theory class. A significant proportion
pow(x,y), log(x), sqrt(x), ceil(x), floor(x), rint(x), of the time has to be spent in the laboratory. Computing
abs(a), max(a, b), min(a,b), random( ), sin(x), cos(x), can only be learnt by doing. Some sample problems are
tan(x). given below as examples. The problems are of varying
levels of difficulty.
Introduce the concept of packages and import 1. A student has a name, roll number, class in which
statement (Avoid discussing the details of libraries). studying, home address and a date of birth. Design
8. Encapsulation a class containing constructors and user define
functions, get and set – get to input data and set to
Access specifiers and scope and visibility display data. . . .
Access specifiers – private and public. Visibility rules
for private, package and public access specifiers. 2. Write a class Convert with methods as follows:
Scope of variables, instance variables, argument a) takes 4 arguments representing miles, yards, feet
variables, local variables. and inches and convert them into
kilometres, meters and centimetres.
9. Arrays b) Takes an argument representing degrees
Arrays –storing, retrieving and arranging data Fahrenheit and convert it to degrees centigrade.
c) a kilobyte is interpreted in two ways: some times
Arrays and their uses, sorting algorithms - selection it is 1000 bytes (actually correct), but often (and
sort and bubble sort; Search algorithms – linear search traditionally) it is 210 which is 1024. Similar
and binary search Example of a composite type. Array discrepancies arise for mega, giga, tera and peta
creation. Sorting and searching algorithms should be (each is 1000 (or 210) times the previous one).
discussed (single dimensional array only). The function should take the 103 (standard kilo)
10. Input/Output and give the equivalent value using 210 as a kilo for
all the above.
Basic input/output using Scanner and Printer classes
from JDK. 3. Define a class Recurring Patterns and define
methods in it which will print the following
The Scanner class can be used for input of various patterns.
types of data (e.g. int, float, char etc.) from the standard
input stream.

146
 a) The method takes an integer argument n and Some Ideas for the Project:
prints the following pattern, shown for n=4.
Students have already been introduced to spreadsheets,
databases, word processors and presentation software
a earlier. That familiarity should be used to introduce the
a a idea of how the software can be designed by modeling
a a a it as operations permitted on different objects. Other
a a a a real world systems can also be modeled on the same
a a a lines:
a a
a 1. Calculators

b) The method takes an integer argument and 2. Banks

prints the following pattern, shown for n=4. 3. A school
1 4. Toys
121
12321 5. A game
1234321 6. Traffic lights
12321
7. Elevators
121
1 8. Retail Outlets
c) The method takes an integer argument and 9. An office
prints the following pattern, shown for n=4.
10. A company
abcdcba
abc cba 11. Household gadgets like microwave ovens
ab ba 12. Washing machines
a a
ab ba 13. Air Conditioners
abc cba 14. Cars
abcdcba
15. Airplanes
Note: for the three methods above you can assume
16. Vending machines
that n<10. However, think about what you would
do if you allowed n to be a 2 or even 3 digit integer. 17. Automatic Teller Machines (ATM )
4. Define class point to model points in the X-Y 18. A Social System
plane. Define functions to translate a point along 19. A musical composition
the X and Y axes respectively. Define a function
that calculates the distance from another point. 20. A clinical diagnostic system

5. Write a program to input two strings. Check both Important: This list is indicative only. The teachers and
the strings and remove all common characters from students should use their imagination to create
both the strings. Print both the strings after innovative and original projects.
removing the common characters. Programming Project (Class X)
Important: This list is indicative only. The teachers
and students should use their imagination to create Proposed Guidelines for Marking
innovative and original assignments. The teacher should use the criteria below to judge the
internal work done. Basically, four criteria are being

147
suggested: class design, algorithm design, coding and Is the interface properly designed?
documentation and execution. The important questions
Algorithm design:
to be asked when evaluating each criterion are shown.
25% of the total credit is assigned to each criterion - so Is the choice of data structures proper?
each is equally important. The actual grading will be Is the algorithm suitable for the problem?
done by the teacher based on his/her judgment.
How efficient is it?
However, one possible way: divide the outcome for
each criterion into one of 4 groups: excellent, good, Coding and documentation:
fair/acceptable, poor/unacceptable, then use numeric
Is the coding done properly? (Choice of names, no
values for each grade and add to get the total which can
unconditional jumps, proper organization of
be multiplied by a suitable factor to get the final marks.
conditions, proper choice of loops, error handling, code
Class design: layout) Is the documentation complete and readable?
Has a suitable class (or classes) been used? (class documentation, variable documentation,
function documentation, constraints, known bugs - if
Are all attributes with the right kinds of types present? any)
Is encapsulation properly done?
Execution:
Does the program run on all sample input correctly?
Criteria Class Design Algorithm Design Coding and Documentation Execution (mm-
(Total – 40 (mm-10) (mm-10) (mm-10) 10)
marks)
Excellent 10 10 10 10
Good 8 8 8 8
Fair 6 6 6 6
Poor 4 4 4 4

EVALUATION: EQUIPMENT
The teacher in-charge shall keep the record of all the There should be enough computer systems to provide
assignments done by the student throughout the year for a teaching schedule where at least three-fourths of
and evaluate them internally. The student is expected to the time available is used for programming and project
do one project under the guidance of the teacher in work.
charge. The course shall require at least 4 periods of about 40
An External Examiner shall be nominated by the Head minutes duration per week. In one week out of 4
of the school and may be a teacher from the faculty, but periods the time should be divided as follows:
not teaching the subject in the relevant section/class. • 1 period – Lecture cum demonstration by the
For example, a teacher of Computer Science of Instructor
Class VIII may be deputed to be the External Examiner • 3 periods –Assignments and Project
for Class X, Computer Applications Projects.
The hardware and software platforms should be such
Evaluation of practical work will be done as follows:
that the students can comfortably develop and run
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner): 50 marks programs on those machines.
External Examiner: 50 marks Since hardware and software evolve and change very
The total marks obtained out of 100 are to be sent to the rapidly the schools shall need to upgrade them as
Council by the Head of the School. required. Following are the minimal specifications as
The Head of the School will be responsible for the entry of now.
of marks on the mark sheets provided by the Council.

148
RECOMMENDED FACILITIES: • Good Quality printers.
• A lecture cum demonstration room with a • A scanner, a web cam/a digital camera (Should be
MULTIMEDIA PROJECTOR/ an LCD and provided if possible).
O.H.P. attached to the computer.
• A white board with white board markers should be SOFTWARE FOR CLASS X
available. Any suitable Operating System can be used.
• A fully equipped Computer Laboratory that allows For teaching fundamental concepts of computing using
one computer per student. object oriented approach, BlueJ environment (1.2 or
• Internet connection for accessing the World Wide higher version) compatible with JDK (1.3 or higher
Web and email facility. version) as the base or any other editor or IDE,
compatible with JDK (1.3 or higher version) as the base
• The computers should have a minimum of may be used. Ensure that the latest versions of software
128 MB RAM and at least a PIII or Equivalent are used.
Processor.

149