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Java_Programming_Concepts

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4 views

Java_Programming_Concepts

Uploaded by

nasimsarker121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Programming Concepts

1. Variables and Data Types

- Variables: Storage locations in memory where data can be stored.

- Data Types: Defines the type of data a variable can hold (e.g., int, float, char, boolean).

2. Control Flow Statements

- Conditionals: if, else if, else, and switch control execution flow.

- Loops: for, while, and do-while for repeating actions based on conditions.

3. Methods

- Methods are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They can take parameters and return

values.

- Method Overloading: Same method name with different parameters.

- Method Overriding: Subclass provides a specific implementation of a superclass method.

4. Classes and Objects

- Class: Blueprint for creating objects, defining attributes and behaviors.

- Object: An instance of a class.

- Constructor: Special methods to initialize objects during creation.

5. Inheritance

- Allows a subclass to inherit fields and methods from a superclass.

6. Polymorphism

- Method Overloading: Same method name but different parameters.


- Method Overriding: Subclass-specific implementation of a superclass method.

7. Encapsulation

- Hides internal state and allows access only through methods. Controlled using access modifiers

like private, protected, and public.

8. Abstraction

- Hides implementation details while showing essential features.

- Abstract Classes: Can have abstract and concrete methods.

- Interfaces: Contracts for classes to implement abstract methods.

9. Interfaces and Abstract Classes

- Interface: Defines a contract with abstract methods for classes.

- Abstract Class: Contains abstract and concrete methods.

10. Exception Handling

- Manages runtime errors with try, catch, and finally blocks.

- Checked Exceptions: Must be caught or declared.

- Unchecked Exceptions: Do not require explicit handling.

11. Collections Framework

- List: Ordered collections (e.g., ArrayList).

- Set: Unordered collections with unique elements (e.g., HashSet).

- Map: Key-value pair collections (e.g., HashMap).

12. Multithreading

- Threads allow concurrent execution of code.


- Synchronization manages resource access in concurrent programming.

13. Java Memory Model

- Heap: Memory for dynamic allocation.

- Stack: Memory for method execution and local variables.

- Garbage Collection: Automatically reclaims unused memory.

14. Java API and Libraries

- Rich libraries for I/O, networking, database connectivity, etc.

15. Lambda Expressions and Functional Interfaces (Java 8+)

- Enables concise code for filtering and mapping.

- Functional Interfaces have a single abstract method.

16. Streams API (Java 8+)

- Processes sequences of data in a functional style (e.g., map, filter, reduce).

17. Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

- The engine that runs Java bytecode, providing platform independence.

18. Java Development Tools

- IDEs like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse.

- JDK: Includes tools to compile and run Java programs.

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