MODULE 4 - DIGITAL SECURITY Insider Threats - threats from inside an

ETHICS AND PRIVACY: THREATS, organization

ISSUES, AND DEFENSES ● Conduct security awareness
training
Digital Security Risks - solely technical ● Implement role-based access
risk stemming from cyber incidents control
Zero-Day Exploits - exploits unknown
Internet and network attacks can take vulnerabilities in software or hardware
many forms, targeting individuals, ● Regularly updates software and
systems, or entire networks firmware
● Use intrusion detection systems
Types: (IDS)
Rogue-Access Points - unauthorized wi-
Malware - spyware that harms or gains fi network set up to capture user data
unauthorized access ● Avoid public Wifi without VPN
● Use antivirus software ● Use WPA3 encryption
● Install firewalls
Phishing -Impersonation to steal Unauthorized Access and Use - gaining
sensitive information entry into a system or network without
● Use email filters permission
● Enable 2FA
Denial of Service - Overloads a system Software theft - illegal copying or use of
● Implement traffic filtering software without proper licensing or
● Use DDoS protection services permission
Man-in-the-Middle - Interception of
communication between two parties Information Theft - stealing sensitive or
without their knowledge confidential data
● Use encryption
● Employ VPN Hardware Theft - physical theft of
SOL Injection - Inject Sol queries to computers, mobile devices etc.
manipulate databases
● Sanitize input Vandalism - deliberate destruction or
● Implement WAFs damage to hardware, networks, or data
Password Attacks - guessing or system
cracking of passwords
● Use strong passwords Failure to Back Up - not maintaining
● Enable two factor authentication proper copies of important data leading
Cross-Site-Scripting(XSS) - injection of to data loss
malicious scripts into website
● Sanitize Input Wireless Security - designed to protect
● Implement CSPs wireless networks from unauthorized
access, data breach and other forms of ○ SSDs are faster than
cyberattack traditional HDDs.
● Cooling System
Information Privacy - protection of ○ Used to dissipate heat
personal or sensitive data from generated by components
unauthorized access, use or disclosure ● Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
○ Handles rendering of
Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173) - images, video, and
protect the privacy of an individual while animations
ensuring the free flow of information

Role of National Privacy Commission ● Optical Drives

(NPC) - responsible for enforcing the ○ Allow for reading and
Data Privacy Act writing to optical discs
● Expansion Cards
○ Add additional features to
MODULE 5 - COMPUTING the system
COMPONENT: PROCESSORS, ● Input/Output Ports
MEMORY, THE CLOUD AND MORE ○ Connectors on the back or
front of the system unit
Inside the Case ○ Allow the computer to
interface with external
● Motherboard tools
○ connects and allows ● BIOS/UEFI Chip
communication between ○ Small chip that contains
all components. firmware to initialize
● Central Processing Unit (CPU) hardware components
○ refers as the brain of the ● Cables and Connectors
computer ○ Various cables connect
○ Performs all the components to each other
calculation and processing
task Processor (CPU)
● Random Access Memory (RAM) - Brain of the computer
○ Temporary storage to - Performs most of the processing
store and access data task
● Power Supply Unit (PSU) ● Control Unit (CU)
○ Converts electrical power ○ Managing the execution of
into usable power instructions
● Storage Devices ● Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
○ Used to store operating ○ Performs all arithmetic and
system, software and files, logical operations
 ● Registers ○ Virtualized computing
○ High-speed storage areas resources
that temporarily hold data ● PaaS (Platform as a Service)
and instructions ○ Development platforms to
TYPES: build and deploy apps
● Single-core ● SaaS (Software as a Service)
○ One processing unit ○ Software applications
● Multi-core accessed online
○ Multiple processing unit
Models:
● Specialized processors ● Public
○ GPUs for rendering ○ Services provided for
images public
○ APU for integrated ● Private
graphics ○ Exclusive for one
BRAND organization
● Intel ● Hybrid
● AMD ○ Combination of both

Cloud computing - delivers computing Data Representation - represented

services over the internet (cloud) rather using binary (0s and 1s)
than local servers of personal devices
● Bit - smallest unit of data
Key Features: ● Byte - group of 8 bits
● On demand resources
○ Access computing power Common Data Types:
and storage anytime ● Integer - Whole numbers
● Scalability ● Character - Represented using
○ Easily scale resources up encoding systems
or down based on needs ● Floating Point - Number with
● Cost Efficiency decimal point
○ Pay only for what you use, ● Boolean - represents true or false
reducing infrastructure
costs Binary Number System - Uses base 2
● Accessibility instead of base 10
○ Access services from Hexadecimal (Base 16) - shorthand for
anywhere with an internet binary using digits 0-9 and letters A-F
connection
Memory - hardware components that
Types of Cloud Services: store data
● IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
Types: ● Sound Adapter - Process audio
● Primary Memory (Volatile) input and output
○ RAM - temporary memory ● Storage Adapter - Allows
used by the CPU connection of additional storage
■ DRAM (Dynamic devices
RAm) ● USB Adapter - Expands the
■ SRAM (Static Ram) number of USB ports
○ Cache - small, high-speed PCIe Slots - most adapters connects to
memory located close to the motherboard using PCIe
the CPU Buses - communication system that
● Secondary Memory (Non- transfers data between components
Volatile) inside the computer
○ ROM - memory that stores
firmware and system Types
critical data ● Data Bus - Carries actual data
○ Storage Drives being processed
■ HDD - Traditional ● Address Bus - Transfers
mechanical storage information about the location
■ SSD - Faster, nore ● Control Bus - Transmit control
durable flash signals to manage operations
storage
■ Flash Memory - Common Bus Types
Used in USB, ● Front-Side Bus (FSB) - Connects
memory cards and the CPU to the main memory
SSDs (RAM).
● PCIe Bus - High-speed bus for
connecting expansion cards like
GPUs and network adapters.
● USB Bus - External bus for
connecting peripherals
● SATA Bus - Used to connect
Adapters - allow additional features and storage devices like hard drives
functionalities and SSDs

Types: Power Supply Unit(PSU) - converts AC

● Graphics Adapter - Enhances the from the wall outlet into DC
computer’s ability to render ● Transformers - adjust voltage
image levels
● Network Adapter - Enables a ● Rectifiers - converts AC to DC
computer to connect to a network ● Regulators - Maintain a stable
output voltage
 ● Wattage - determines the ○ Tablet touch screen - used
maximum power output for drawing or note-taking
● Connectors - provides power to ● Pen Input
various parts ○ Stylus - used with graphic
Types: tablets for digital drawing
● ATX Power Supply - standard for ○ S-Pen - used with
desktop computers Samsung Galaxy Note
● Modular PSU - allows the devices for handwriting
detachment of unnecessary ● Motion, Voice, and VIdeo Input
cables ○ Motion Input: Nintendo
Switch Joy - con for
MODULE 6 - INPUT AND OUTPUT: gaming
EXTENDING CAPABILITIES OF ○ Voice Input: Amazon
COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES Alexa for voice control
○ Video Input: Webcams for
Input - process of entering data or video conferencing
instructions into a computer or mobile
device
● Scanners and Reading Device
● Keyboards ○ Flattened Scanner -
○ Mechanical keyboard - Converts physical
used for typing on desktop documents to digital files
computer ○ Barcode Scanner - scans
○ Virtual keyboard - On- barcodes to input product
screen keyboard used data
○ on smartphones

● Pointing device
○ Wired mouse - controls the Output - data processed by the
cursor on desktops computer and presented to the uses
○ Touchpad - used on through various devices
laptops for gesture
controls ● Displays
● Touch Screens ○ LED Monitor - displays
○ Smartphones touch images and video on
screens - allows desktop computer
interactions through ○ Smartphones OLED
tapping and swiping Screen - provides vibrant
colors for media displays
● Printers
○ Inkjet Printer - prints color
photos and documents
○ Laser Printers - used for
high volume document
printing
● Other output devices
○ Speakers - play music and
sound
○ Projectors - display
images and videos on
large surfaces
○ Headphones - provide
private audio output