Learn Python by solving problems

1. Introduction
Exercise 1 – Hello.py
# Write a program to enter your name (first name,
surname), the program should repond hello to you.

Exercise 2 – Area of a surface.py

# Enter the width and length of a surface. The program
should compute the area. Enter the values as floating point
numbers and print the units of mesurement used.

Exercise 3 – Age in five years.py

# Create a program that will tell your age in 5 years.

Exercise 4 – Converter Calculator.py

# Write a program that converts days in seconds, Celsius in
Fahrenheit, miles in centimeters.

Exercise 5 – How many can you fit.py

# A shelf has x > 100 cm. Determine how many y < 15 cm
products can you fit on it.

Exercise 6 – Savings account.py

# You just open a savings account that earns 2.1 interest
per year. Display the amount you will have in your account
over 1, 2, 3 years. Initial deposit is 45.
# Use only 2 decimal places for each amount.
Exercise 7 – Grand total.py
# Enter the price of a meal at the restaurant. Determine the
tax paid for that meal at a tax rate of your choice and tip at
the rate of 10% of meal amount without the tax.
# Display meal price, tax, tip and grand total on different
lines in a user friendly format.

Exercise 8 – Sum of digits.py

# Determine the sum of digits for a 3 digits number. The
program should display the following format for exemple
254: 2+5+4=11

Exercise 9 – Self checkout.py

# Determine how much change you need to provide if a
shopper pays with cash at a checkout machine. Input the
total to pay and the amount paid by the shopper.
# The machine should return as few coins as possible.
Consider it is loaded with 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, $1.
# ex: for a total of $17.12 shopper paid $20 and received
back 2 x $1 , 1 x 50c , 1 x 25c , 1 x 10c , 0 x 5c , 3 x 1c

Exercise 10 – Where is it from.py

# Enter a piece of text. Ask for a start and end number and
then display just that section between.

Exercise 11 – How many letters.py

# Take 2 inputs, first and last name. Merge them with a
space between and calculate the number of letters in your
full name.
 Exercise 12 – Distance on Earth.py
# Create a program where you enter the latitude and
longitude of 2 points on Earth in degrees. The result should
be the distance between them in kilometers.
# For lat1,long1 and lat2,long2 distance is: distance=
6371.01(average radius of Earth in
km)*arccos(sin(lat1)*sin(lat2)+cos(lat1)*cos(lat2)*cos(long1
-long2))
# You need to convert input from degrees in radians as
Python`s trigonometric functions operate in radians.

2. Decision making
Exercise 13 – Biggest number.py
# Determine the biggest number between 2 numbers and
dispaly it an appropiate message.

Exercise 14 – Odd or even.py

# Decide if a number is odd or even.

Exercise 15 – Is it between.py
# Enter a number. If the number is between -10 and 10 then
tell if it is positive, negative or 0. If number is outside range
show an error message.

Exercise 16 – Leap Year.py

# Determine if a year is a leap year.
Exercise 17 – Make your choice.py
# Display square and triangle on screen. Ask user to chose a
shape, if square is chosen, ask for length of 1 side and print the
area.
# If triangle is chosen ask for height and base and display area.
Your program should work regardless of user using or not
uppercase letters for answer.
# Display an error message if no shape is selected.

Exercise 18 – Triangles.py
# Write a program that reads the lengths of a triangle sides
and determine if it is equilateral (all sides the same), isoscele (2
sides same length) or scalene (all sides different).

Exercise 19 – Is it a hoiday.py
# Write a program that reads a day and a month. If the date
matches : Christmas, New Year or Halloween, print the holiday.

Exercise 20 – Astrological sign.py

# Read a birthday and determine the astrological sign.

Exercise 21- Will you get a raise.py

# At a company employees get a raise every year based on
performance. The values used for performance are only: 0 for
Bad performance, 0.25 for Good performance
# and 0.50 for Exceptional Performance. Raise is equal to
£2000 multiplied by performance. Write a program that can
calculate this.

Exercise 22 – Overcharged.py
# A phone plan includes 100 minutes and messages and 6 GB
of data for £10 a month. Every minute over limit is charged at
0.20p, every text at 0.08p and every 1 GB or less at £5.
# There is also a charge of 0.36p per month to support
emergency call centers. The entire bill is subject to 6 percent
tax.
# Take input number of minutes, texts and GB used and
calculate the total of the bill with each charge printed on it`s
own line.

Exercise 23 – Next day.py

# Take as input a day, month, year and display the date in the
next format DD:MM:YYYY. Create a program that displays the
next day in the same format.
# Make sure it works correct for leap years. Assume the user
will always enter a valid date.
 Exercise 24 – Black or white.py
# Letters on a chess board represent columns and numbers
represent rows. Create a program that reads a position and
prints if it is black or white.

3. Loops
Exercise 25 – Name name name.py
# Enter your name and display it 5 times. Upgrade the program
to display it for a number of times chosen by you.

Exercise 26 – Na m e n a m e n a m e.py
# Enter your name and a number. Display your name one
letter at the time on same line for that number of times.

Exercise 27 – Total.py
# Create a program where you add 5 numbers to the total.
After each number print the total.
# Extend the program by asking if the numbers should be
added.

Exercise 28 – Conversion table.py

# Convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit 0 to 100 degrees, only
multiples of 5.

Exercise 29 – One million chronometer.py

# How long it takes to display all numbers from 0 to 1 million
in steps of 10?

Exercise 30 – Binary to decimal.py

# Read a binary number as a string and convert it to a decimal
number.

Exercise 31 – Palindrome.py
# A palindrom is a word that reads the same backwards as
forwards. ex: eye, madam, level, radar. Check if a string is a
palindrom.

Exercise 32 – Random number.py

# Print a random number under 100.

Exercise 33 – What to eat.py

# Chose a random meal from a menu of 5.

Exercise 34 – Coin flip 1.0.py

# Flip a coin and try to guess the result.

Exercise 35 – Test.py
# Create a small test using 2 different random numbers every
question. Use only addition. 10 questions with one point for
each, print score at the end.

Exercise 36 – Find that number.py

# Generate a number under 100 and keep adding numbers
under 10 until you reach it or pass it.
# If you pass it you lose and game resets, reach it to win.
Display total after each number.

Exercise 37 – Game developer.py

# Generate a number from 1 to 1000. Try to guess it in 10
attemps. Print too low or too high depending on your guess.

Exercise 38 – Polygon perimeter.py

# On a x,y axis compute the perimeter of a polygon. Enter the
coordonates for each corner until x is skipped.

Exercise 39 – 10 elephants.py
# Using the song :
# 1 elephant swings happily
# On a spider web this morning
# The web is strong, it doesn't break
# So he calls another elephant
 # Write a program that will ask you for the number of
elephants. If number is right, print next lyrics up to 5.
# If number is wrong print a error and ask user to try again.

Exercise 40 – Coin flip 2.0.py

# Spin a coin. How many times you have to spin it to get the
same outcome four consecutive times.
# Run the simulation 5 times, print the result on each row in
the follwing format: H T H T T T T (7 flips)

4. Functions

Exercises 41-61 – Revision.py

# Revise previous exercises, try to create functions for as many
as you can.

Exercise 62 – Is it prime.py
# Create a function that can determine if number is prime.

Exercise 63 – Next prime.py

# Take a number as input and create a function to determine the
next prime number after it.

Exercise 64 – 3 numbers.py
# Take 3 random numbers as parameters and determine the
average value.
Exercise 65 – Online shipping.py
# An online retailer offers shipping at the cost of 3.10 for the first
item and 0.95 for each item after.
# Create a function that takes as input the number of items
ordered and prints the shipping cost.

Exercise 66 – Days this month.py

# Create a function that will determine how many days are in a
month.
# It should have 2 parameters, month and year. Make sure it
works for leap years.

Exercise 67 – Counting letters.py

# Write a function that will calculate the number of uppercase
and lowercase letters in a string.

Exercise 68 – Perfect.py
# Create a function that will determine if a number is perfect.
# A perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum
of its positive divisors excluding the number itselt.
# Check how many perfect numbers are in 1 million.

Exercise 69 – Password generator.py

# Create a function that will generate a password. Use ASCII
table, in special items from 33 to 126 to create it.
# It should have between 8 and 15 characters. Create a main
function that will display 5 passwords.
Exercise 70 – Strong password.py
# Create a function that will check if you have a strong password,
at least 10 characters, 1 uppercase letter,
# 1 number and 1 symbol.
# Test this function on the password generated in the previous
exercise and keep track how many attemps it takes to generate a
strong password.

Exercise 71 – Calculator.py
# Create a simple calculator function that will be able to calculate
+ and – operations. It should work like every calculator,
# after first 2 numbers are calculated, you can keep making
operations to the result.
# Break this problem in 3 separate functions: addition,
substraction, main.

Exercise 72 – FizzBuzz.py
# Fizz buzz is a group word game for children to teach them
about division.
# Players take turns to count, replacing any number divisible by
three with the word "fizz",
# any number divisible by five with the word "buzz" and any
number divisible by three and five with "fizzbuzz".
# Crate a program that will do this for numbers to 100.

Exercise 73 – Multiplication Table.py

# Create the multiplication table like shown below(each element
has 4 spaces allocated):

# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
# 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
# 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
# 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
# 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
# 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
# 6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
# 7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
# 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
# 9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
# 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Exercise 74 – Pig latin.py

# Pig Latin is a language game in which English words are altered.
# For words that begin with consonant, first letter is placed at
the end of the word sequence and 'ay' added at the end.
# ex: "pig" = "igpay", "latin" = "atinlay", "banana" = "ananabay"
# For words that begin with vowel, the vowel is left alone, and
'yay' is added to the end.
# ex: "omelet" = "omeletyay", "egg" = "eggyay", "explain" =
"explainyay",

Exercise 75 – Max.py
# Create 100 random numbers between 1,1000. Select the first
number as the maximum and generate
# the other 99. Update the maximum every time you find a larger
number and keep track how of updates.

Exercise 76 – Gregorian to Ordinal.py

# In a ordinal calendar you have only day and year. For exemple:
20/01/2020 is 20/2020, 14/03/2020 is 74/2020.
# Days in the ordinal calendar start at 1(1 January) and end at
365 or 366(31 December) depending if it is a leap year or not.
# Create a function that takes as parameter 3 numbers(day,
month and year). It should return the day within the year and the
year as result.
# Make sure it works for leap years.

Exercise 77 – Cipher.py
# The Caesar Cipher was one of the earliest ciphers ever
invented.
# In this cipher, you encrypt a message by taking each letter in
the message
# and replacing it with a “shifted” letter.
# If you shift the letter A by one space, you get the letter B.
# If you shift the letter A by two spaces, you get the letter C and
so on.
# Create a program that will allow you to encrypt or decrypt a
string.
# You will give it a key(shift amont) and a string(message). Make
sure it works for uppercase letters,
# keys over 26, and also you are able to decrypt previous
messages.

Exercise 78 – Vending machine.py

# Create a program for a vending machine. It should have 3
products.
# Assign different prices to the products. Keep count how much
money you have in the machine.
# Menu should look like this: 1)Product 1 - price, 2)Product 2 -
price, 3)Product 3 - price, 4)Exit.
 Exercise 79 – Return policy.py
# Using the code from previous exercise Gregorian to Ordinal.py
improve the program.
# You should be able to add a number of days to your date and
then convert it back to
# the gregorian calendar. For example you can use this program
to determine the last
# day a product can be returned. You put in the inial date,
number of days you want to add,
# and final result should be the new date.
# Make sure the program works for leap years or dates that will
be in the next year.

Exercise 80 – Base conversion.py

# Create a program that will convert any number from one base
to another. It should work from bases 2 to 16.
# You will input the number you want to convert and the new
base. Break the problem in 3 steps:
# 1) Convert a number from decimal to binary(revise exercise
30).
# 2) Convert a number from decimal to hexadecimal.
# 3) Examine the previous 2 steps and find a way to convert a
number to any other base between.

6. Lists

Exercise 81 – First list.py

# Create a list with first 100 numbers.
Exercise 82 – Sorting.py
# Create a list with 10 random numbers under 100. Sort them in
order and reverse order.

Exercise 83 – No duplicates.py
# Remove duplicates from the list = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple',
'orange', 'plum', 'plum']

Exercise 84 – Alphabet.py
# Create 2 lists: lowercase and uppercase alphabet. Use the ASCII
table to create them.

Exercise 85 – Lottery.py
# Create a list with 6 numbers chosen by you.
# Simulate a lottery draw, from 1 to 49 draw 6 numbers(no
duplicates).
# Print both lists and compare them. Print how much you won.
# 0,1 numbers - Nothing
# 2 numbers - 10
# 3 numbers - 30
# 4 numbers - 4500
# 5 numbers - 100000
# 6 numbers – 1000000

Exercise 86 – How many attempts.py

# How many attempts it takes to win 3, 4, 5 or 6 numbers?

Exercise 87 – Remove extremes.py

# Generate a list with 20 random elements(1-100), no duplicates.
# Create a function that will take the list and a given number.
# If that number is 3 you should remove the 3 lowest and highest
numbers.

Exercise 88 – Just the words.py

# Create a function that will take a sentence as a string. Return a
list containing just the words,
# without spaces and punctuation marks. Do not remove
punctuation marks in the words such as : isn't, don't
# Don't eat the following: watermelons, bananas and apples. --->
['Don`t', 'eat', 'the', 'following', 'watermelons', 'bananas', 'and',
'apples']

Exercise 89 – Palindromes, again.py

# Check if a sentence is palindrom by words. You need to ignore
punctuation and spacing when
# checking. For exemple the sentence: Fall leaves as soon as
leaves fall. is a palindrom
# as it is the same when you read it backwards word by word.
# Other exemples: King, are you glad you are king?
# Sorry, I am very awkward. Very am I sorry.

Exercise 90 – Manipulation.py
# Create a list with 20 random elements from -10 to 10.
# Break it into 3 lists, negatives, positives and zeros.
# For the negative and positive numbers list ask for 1 number in
each and completly remove it.

Exercise 91 – All sublists.py

# Create a program that will generate all the sublists of a list.
 # All sublists of [1, 2, 3] are: [], [1], [2], [3], [1, 2], [2, 3] and [1, 2,
3]

Exercise 92 – Let s play a game.py

# There are many games that can be played with a deck of cards.
# Create a list containing all 52 cards in a deck. Each card has one
of
# the 4 suits: spades, hearts, dimonds and clubs and a value:
from 2 to 10,
# ace, jack, queen, king.
# Four of hearts will be 4h, Ace of clubs will be Ac, Ten of spades
will be Ts and so on.
suits = ['s', 'h', 'd', 'c']
values = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 'T', 'A', 'J', 'Q', 'K']

7. Dictionaries

Exercise 93 – Name and age.py

# Asign to each name in the list a random age in a new
dictionary.
people = ['Tom', 'Jerry', 'Rex']

Exercise 94 – Power.py
# Create a dictinary with the numbers from 1-20 as keys and
number to power 2 as value.
Exercise 95 – Manipulation.py
# Create a dictionary with 10 random numbers between 1-1000.
# Calculate the average of values, if a value is under the average
add it to a sum.

Exercise 96 – Character count.py

# Create a program that counts how many times each character
is in a string. ex: Hello : H:1, e:1, l:2, o:1

Exercise 97 – Old phones.py

# On old phones each numeric key has multiple letters or
symbols associated with it. Create a program that takes a
# string and determines how many times you need to press each
key.
# Ex: Hello - 4433555555666

Exercise 98 – Discounts.py
# A shop is running a discount for some products. Determine
how much the product is discounted in %.
# Ex: Bread: curent price: 0.5, normal price: 1 -- > Discount
amount is 50%

Exercise 99 – Anagrams.py
# Create a program that will take two strings as input and
determine if they are anagrams.
# An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the
letters of a different word or phrase.
# Ex: "evil" = "vile", "eleven plus two" = "twelve plus one"

Exercise 100 – Grades.py

# Determine the average grades of a student.
grades = {'Math': 8, 'English': 6, 'Biology': 8.5, 'Chemistry': 6}