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python_basics_notes

This document provides an overview of Python basics, including variables, data types, basic operations, control structures, functions, data structures, input/output, and comments. It includes examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. Additionally, it lists essential command words used in Python programming.

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4 views

python_basics_notes

This document provides an overview of Python basics, including variables, data types, basic operations, control structures, functions, data structures, input/output, and comments. It includes examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. Additionally, it lists essential command words used in Python programming.

Uploaded by

afraa umer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Basics Notes

1. Variables and Data Types


Variables are used to store data.

Examples:

name = 'Alice' # String

age = 30 # Integer

height = 5.7 # Float

is_student = True # Boolean

Data Types:

- String: A sequence of characters (e.g., 'Hello, World!')

- Integer: Whole numbers (e.g., 42)

- Float: Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14)

- Boolean: True or False

2. Basic Operations
Arithmetic Operators: Used to perform mathematical calculations.

Examples:

a = 10

b=5

sum = a + b # Addition

difference = a - b # Subtraction

product = a * b # Multiplication

quotient = a / b # Division

remainder = a % b # Modulus

power = a ** b # Exponentiation

3. Control Structures
If Statement: Executes a block of code if the condition is true.

Example:

if age > 18:

print('You are an adult.')

else:

print('You are a minor.')

For Loop: Iterates over a sequence (like a list or string).

Example:

for i in range(5):

print(i)

While Loop: Continues to execute as long as the condition is true.

Example:

count = 0

while count < 5:

print(count)

count += 1 # Increments count by 1

4. Functions
Defining Functions: Use def to define a function.

Example:

def greet(name):

return f'Hello, {name}!

print(greet('Alice')) # Output: Hello, Alice!

5. Data Structures
Lists: Ordered, mutable collections of items.

Example:

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']


fruits.append('orange') # Adds 'orange' to the list

Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections of items.

Example:

dimensions = (1920, 1080) # Cannot be modified

Dictionaries: Unordered collections of key-value pairs.

Example:

student = {

'name': 'Alice',

'age': 30,

'is_student': True

print(student['name']) # Output: Alice

6. Input and Output


Input: Get user input.

Example:

user_name = input('Enter your name: ')

print(f'Hello, {user_name}!')

Output: Print to the console.

Example:

print('This is a message.')

7. Comments
Single-Line Comment: Starts with #.

Example:

# This is a comment

print('Hello!') # This prints 'Hello!'

Multi-Line Comment: Use triple quotes (''' or ''').


Example:

"""

This is a

multi-line comment.

"""

Basic Command Words


1. def: Define a function.

2. if: Start a conditional statement.

3. else: Execute code if the if condition is false.

4. elif: Check multiple conditions.

5. for: Create a loop to iterate over a sequence.

6. while: Create a loop that continues while a condition is true.

7. return: Send a value back from a function.

8. import: Bring in modules or libraries.

9. print: Output text to the console.

10. input: Get input from the user.

Example Program
Here's a simple example that combines several of these concepts:

def check_even_odd(number):

if number % 2 == 0:

return 'Even'

else:

return 'Odd'

user_input = int(input('Enter a number: '))

result = check_even_odd(user_input)

print(f'The number {user_input} is {result}.')

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